Annotation
literal: Barbara Gallina, Dian Balta, Ingmar Kessler

Annotation
literal: Tomas Bueno Momčilović

Annotation
literal: OntoGSN is an ontology for managing assurance cases in the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN). The goal of the ontology is to help users in linking the elements of their cases - claims and evidence - with the internationalized resource identifiers (IRIs) of represented concepts, events and data, and in evaluating the validity of their argument.

Annotation
literal: SCSC-141C

Annotation
literal: 2025-02-24

Annotation
literal: 2025-06-19T00:00:00Z

Annotation
literal: The Assurance Case Working Group (ACWG). (2021 May). Goal Structuring Notation Community Standard Version 3. URL: http://scsc.uk/SCSC-141C

Annotation
literal: OntoGSN

Annotation
literal: Bueno Momcilovic, T., Gallina, B., Kessler, I., Hendricks, J., & Balta, D. (2025). OntoGSN: An Ontology-Based Framework for Semantic Management and Extension of Assurance Cases. Retrieved from https://fortiss.github.io/OntoGSN/

Annotation
literal: 20th February 2025

Annotation
literal: gsn

Annotation
literal: [Disclaimer from the GSN Community Standard v3.0]: While the authors and the publishers have used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information and guidance given in this work is correct, all parties must rely on their own skill and judgement when making use of this work and obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content of this work. Neither the authors nor the publishers make any representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to such information and guidance for any purpose, and they will not be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever (including as a result of negligence) arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this work. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their employers, the SCSC1 or other organisations.

Annotation
literal: 3.0

Annotation
literal: 1.2.1

Annotation
literal: GSN is a graphical argument notation which can be used to document explicitly the elements and structure of an argument and the argument’s relationship to evidence.

EquivalentClasses
object intersection of: Class
object intersection of: ObjectComplementOf
  object some values from: ObjectInverseOf
  object some values from: Class
data has value:
  literal: true

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: The corresponding argument could be located in a paragraph of accompanying text, a goal in the local argument, or a goal in a separate module.
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
object union of: ObjectIntersectionOf
  object some values from: ObjectProperty
  object some values from: Class
object union of: DataSomeValuesFrom

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: GSN assumptions provide additional information necessary for the correct understanding of the argument. This information is stated as fully as necessary, using complete sentences in the form noun phrase + verb phrase.
data some values from: DataProperty
data some values from: Datatype

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: Two kinds of GSN context statement exist. Where a context statement draws attention to explanatory contextual information (such as the definition of some term), this information shall be stated briefly using complete sentences of a noun-phrase + verb-phrase structure. Where a context statement is a reference to an artefact of some kind, which informs the reasoning step, the context statement shall be expressed as a noun phrase.
data some values from: DataProperty
data some values from: Datatype

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: GSN goals document the claims made in the argument (i.e. premises and conclusions). Each goal shall contain a single goal statement, expressed as a proposition in the form of a noun phrase + verb-phrase sentence.
data some values from: DataProperty
data some values from: Datatype

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: GSN justifications provide additional information necessary for the correct understanding of the argument. This information is stated as fully as necessary, using complete sentences in the form noun phrase + verb phrase.
data some values from: DataProperty
data some values from: Datatype

SubClassOf
object all values from: ObjectProperty
object all values from: ObjectIntersectionOf
  data has value:
    literal: confidence

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: GSN solutions make no claim, but are simply references to evidence items that provide support for a particular claim. They shall therefore be stated as noun-phrases.
data some values from: DataProperty
data some values from: Datatype

SubClassOf
annotation:
  literal: GSN strategy statements describe the reasoning that connects parent goals and their supporting goals, but the core claims and the structure connecting those claims remain unchanged. Strategy statements contain a brief description of the argument approach.
data some values from: DataProperty
data some values from: Datatype

ObjectPropertyRange
object intersection of: Class
object intersection of: DataHasValue
  literal: true

DataPropertyRange
data one of:
  literal: confidence
  literal: dialectic
  literal: risk

DataPropertyRange
data one of:
  literal: contextual
  literal: evidential
  literal: inferential

DataPropertyRange
data one of:
  literal: architecture
  literal: argument

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S40
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ClassAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S16
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S1
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S17
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S32
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: ObjectPropertyAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S9
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S6
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S8
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S5
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: inferential

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S45
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S44
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S49
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S48
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S38
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S51
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: ClassAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S43
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ClassAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S42
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S29
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S33
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S24
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S23
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S31
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S25
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S28
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S37
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S27
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S26
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S30
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S35
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ClassAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S34
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ClassAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S36
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S20
annotation:
  literal: Argument Pattern Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S14
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S13
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S11
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S10
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S3
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: evidential

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S46
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: ClassAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S4
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ClassAtom
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: inferential

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S21
annotation:
  literal: Argument Pattern Extension
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S22
annotation:
  literal: Argument Pattern Extension
body: ClassAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S2
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: contextual

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S7
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S52
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S50
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S39
annotation:
  literal: Modular Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S19
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S18
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: ClassAtom

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S12
annotation:
  literal: Core GSN
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
body: ObjectPropertyAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S41
annotation:
  literal: Confidence Argument Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
body: BuiltInAtom
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

DLSafeRule
annotation:
  literal: true
annotation: AnnotationProperty
annotation: Literal
annotation:
  literal: S47
annotation:
  literal: Dialectic Extension
body: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: true
head: DataPropertyAtom
  literal: false

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Argument
literal: Argument

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Argument
literal: A body of information presented with the intention to establish one or more claims through the presentation of related supporting claims, evidence and contextual information.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Argument
literal: A connected series of claims intended to establish an overall claim.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Argument
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Artefact
literal: Artefact

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Artefact
literal: Evidence

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Artefact
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #ArtefactReference
literal: Artefact Reference

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #ArtefactReference
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Assumption
literal: Assumption

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Assumption
literal: An assumption, rendered as an oval with the letter 'A' at the top- or bottom-right, presents an intentionally unsubstantiated statement.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Assumption
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Assumption
literal: oval

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #AssuranceCase
literal: Assurance Case

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #AssuranceCase
literal: A reasoned and compelling argument, supported by a body of evidence, that a system, service or organisation will operate as intended for a defined application in a defined environment.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #AssuranceCase
literal: Arguments and evidence intended to demonstrate that a system meets its assurance requirements.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #AssuranceCase
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Catalogue
literal: Catalogue

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Catalogue
literal: A pattern catalogue may be created to collate a series of patterns; where such a catalogue is created the structure and format of the definition should be consistent and each pattern’s definition should have a unique {pattern identifier}.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Catalogue
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Context
literal: Context

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Context
literal: A context, rendered as shown left, presents a contextual artefact. This can be a reference to contextual information, or a statement.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Context
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Context
literal: rounded rectangle

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Defeater
literal: Defeater

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Defeater
literal: Dialectic Element

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Defeater
literal: The source of challenge being applied; can be directed at any part of an argument. A defeater (goal or solution) can challenge any element in a goal structure, e.g. goal, solution, strategy, context, assumption, justification.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Defeater
literal: Membership of this class is only meant to be inferred, not asserted! Please do not add individuals to this class manually (i.e., assertions).

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Defeater
literal: The goal and solution statements should be clearly expressed such that the crux of the challenge is unequivocally communicated. Thus, the link between the part of the argument that is being challenged (target) and the dialectic element (source) is self-evident.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Defeater
literal: Dialectic Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #GSNElement
literal: GSN Element

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #GSNElement
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Goal
literal: Goal

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Goal
literal: Claim

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Goal
literal: (Claim is) A proposition being asserted by the author that is a true or false statement.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Goal
literal: A goal, rendered as a rectangle, presents a claim forming part of the argument.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Goal
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Goal
literal: rectangle

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InstantiationDataReference
literal: Instantiation Data Reference

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InstantiationDataReference
literal: This symbol indicates that the GSN argument below the attached element is to be instantiated as a template argument. It provides a reference to the information used to instantiate the template argument.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InstantiationDataReference
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InstantiationDataReference
literal: hollow triangle

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Justification
literal: Justification

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Justification
literal: A justification, rendered as an oval with the letter 'J' at the top- or bottom-right, presents a statement of rationale.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Justification
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Justification
literal: oval

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Module
literal: Module

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Module
literal: Goal structures can be partitioned into separate, but interrelated, modules. This can allow the division of an overall goal structure into separate goal structures focusing on particular aspects of the overall argument. A module may contain one or more arguments and may contain other modules.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Module
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Module
literal: a rectangle with a second smaller rectangle adjoining at the top left

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Pattern
literal: Pattern

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Pattern
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Relationship
literal: Relationship

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Relationship
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #RelationshipWithConfidence
literal: Relationship with Confidence

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #RelationshipWithConfidence
literal: The corresponding argument could be located in a paragraph of accompanying text, a goal in the local argument, or a goal in a separate module.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #RelationshipWithConfidence
literal: Confidence Argument Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Solution
literal: Solution

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Solution
literal: A solution, rendered as a circle, presents a reference to an evidence item.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Solution
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Solution
literal: circle

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Strategy
literal: Strategy

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Strategy
literal: A strategy, rendered as a parallelogram, describes the inference that exists between a goal and its supporting goal(s).

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Strategy
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Strategy
literal: parallelogram

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Template
literal: Template

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Template
literal: A template argument is a special case of a pattern argument. It uses the core GSN and argument pattern extension to construct an argument structure which requires no further development.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Template
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #View
literal: View

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #View
literal: The argument view depicts the argument inside an individual module.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #View
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #applicability
literal: applicability

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #applicability
literal: The applicability section should state under what circumstances the pattern can be applied, making clear the assumptions and principles underlying the pattern to avoid inappropriate application in a mismatched context. This section should record what contextual information is required in order to apply the pattern.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #applicability
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #argumentType
literal: argument type

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #argumentType
literal: Confidence Argument Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #associatedWith
literal: associated with

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #associatedWith
literal: Confidence Argument Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #assuranceClaimPoint
literal: assurance claim point

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #assuranceClaimPoint
literal: An Assurance Claim Point (ACP) can be used in GSN to indicate that a confidence argument is associated with an assertion in a risk argument.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #assuranceClaimPoint
literal: Confidence Argument Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #assuranceClaimPoint
literal: solid square

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #attachedTo
literal: attached to

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #attachedTo
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #attachedTo
literal: dotted line

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #away
literal: An away assumption repeats an assumption presented in another argument module and is typically used only in Contract Modules. An away context repeats a reference to context presented in another argument module. An away goal reference repeats a claim presented in another argument module. An away justification repeats a justification presented in another argument module and is typically used only in Contract Modules. An away solution repeats a reference to evidence items presented in another argument module.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #away
literal: away

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #away
literal: An away element reference repeats a claim or evidence presented in another argument module.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #away
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #away
literal: bisecting line in the lower half

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #challenges
literal: challenges

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #challenges
literal: Allows a Challenge to any GSN entity to be documented. A goal, (core element) can be used in a dialectic context to assert a challenge to part of the argument. A solution, (core element) can be used to present a reference to an evidence item that asserts a challenge to part of the argument.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #challenges
literal: A challenge must be levied against the appropriate aspect of the goal structure.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #challenges
literal: Dialectic Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #challenges
literal: dashed line with an open arrowhead

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #choice
literal: choice

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #choice
literal: A GSN choice can be used to denote possible alternatives in satisfying a relationship.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #choice
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #choice
literal: solid diamond

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #collaboration
literal: collaboration

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #collaboration
literal: The collaboration section should describe how elements of the pattern work together to achieve the desired effect, particularly where there are links that are not readily apparent from the argument structure.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #collaboration
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #consequences
literal: consequences

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #consequences
literal: The consequences section should make clear what work remains after the pattern has been applied. This should highlight where further support to the argument is required, and assumptions that need to be discharged.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #consequences
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #consistentWith
literal: consistent with

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #consistentWith
literal: By making the relationship to the away goal the author is asserting not only the inference of support for the parent goal, but also that the context in which the away goal is declared is consistent with the context and assumptions in scope for the parent goal.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #consistentWith
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contains
literal: contains

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contains
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contract
literal: contract

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contract
literal: A contract module is a special type of module that controls the relationship between argument module interfaces using arguments to define how a goal in one module is supported by one or more goals in one or more other modules.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contract
literal: A contract may be described in textual form (e.g. as a table) or for more complex relationships may be described within a contract module using GSN.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contract
literal: Contract modules can be used in the support relationship between modules to aid decoupling. The de-coupling by use of a contract permits argument module construction in cases where the eventual source of support for an argument is unknown at the time of authoring or can be changed for example through re-use or planned product improvement or reconfiguration.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contract
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #contract
literal: a rectangle with two smaller rectangles (of equal size to each other) adjoining at the top left and bottom right

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #coreOrExtension
literal: core or extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #coreOrExtension
literal: Indicator of the sourcing section in the GSN Community Standard v3.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #defeated
literal: Defeated Relationship indicates that the relationship is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN relationships.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #defeated
literal: defeated

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #defeated
literal: This decorator symbol indicates that the element is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN elements.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #defeated
literal: Dialectic Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #defeated
literal: cross (‘X’) superimposed on a GSN element or relationship

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #examples
literal: examples

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #examples
literal: It may be useful to provide example illustrations of the application of the pattern, particularly for more abstract patterns. Illustrations should include a typical case and can be supplemented with atypical cases where more than one example is provided.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #examples
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #final
literal: final

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #final
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #implementation
literal: implementation

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #implementation
literal: The implementation section should communicate how the application of the pattern is carried out e.g. the order in which elements should be developed; communicate hints or techniques that may ease successful application; highlight common or recognised pitfalls with the application of the pattern; and record potential misinterpretation of the terms or concepts in the pattern.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #implementation
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inContextOf
literal: in context of

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inContextOf
literal: InContextOf, rendered as a line with a hollow arrowhead, declares a contextual relationship.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inContextOf
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inContextOf
literal: line with a hollow arrowhead

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inDoubt
literal: in doubt

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inDoubt
literal: The dialectic challenge within this structure asserts that if the claim presented in Goal CG1 is true then this is sufficient to establish that the claim in Goal G1 in the original structure is in doubt.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #inDoubt
literal: Dialectic Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #instantiationOf
literal: instantiation of

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #instantiationOf
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #intent
literal: intent

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #intent
literal: The intent statement should state clearly what the pattern aims to achieve.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #intent
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #knownUses
literal: known uses

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #knownUses
literal: It may be useful to provide references to known applications of the pattern. These can serve as additional examples.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #knownUses
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #maxCardinality
literal: maximum cardinality

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #maxCardinality
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #maxCardinality
literal: text

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #minCardinality
literal: minimum cardinality

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #minCardinality
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #minCardinality
literal: text

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #motivation
literal: motivation

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #motivation
literal: The motivation statement can be used to state why the pattern was created. It could be expressed in terms of previous experiences e.g. as the abstraction of a successfully presented argument, or challenges addressed e.g. argument topics that are often incompletely or poorly addressed.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #motivation
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #multiple
literal: multiple

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #multiple
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #multiple
literal: solid ball

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #offDiagram
literal: off-diagram

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #offDiagram
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #optional
literal: optional

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #optional
literal: Optional instantiation means that the relationship and the argument below may or may not be instantiated.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #optional
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #optional
literal: hollow ball

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #participants
literal: participants

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #participants
literal: The participants section augments the structure by providing a description of each element. This can provide more complete descriptions, clarify the role of the element in the overall argument and emphasise the aspects that require development or instantiation.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #participants
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #public
literal: public

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #public
literal: This indicates that the element is publicly visible in one or more interfaces of the module and can be referenced as an away element.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #public
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #public
literal: miniature module symbol superimposed on an element at the top right

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #published
literal: published

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #published
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #refersTo
literal: refers to

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #refersTo
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relatedTo
literal: related to

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relatedTo
literal: This section can be used to reference patterns that are related e.g. addressing the same intent in a different context.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relatedTo
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relationshipType
literal: relationship type

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relationshipType
literal: An evidential relationship is a declared relationship between a claim and an evidence item by which the claim is substantiated. An inferential relationship is a declared inference between claims in the argument. A contextual relationship draws attention to explanatory contextual information.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relationshipType
literal: SupportedBy relationships – represented by lines with solid arrowheads – indicate inferential or evidential relationships between elements. InContextOf relationships – represented as lines with hollow arrowheads – declare contextual relationships.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #relationshipType
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #renderedAs
literal: rendered as

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #renderedAs
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #statement
literal: statement

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #statement
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #structure
literal: structure

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #structure
literal: The structure uses the structural and element abstraction notations to present the pattern, clearly indicating where the argument needs to be further developed or populated with details to instantiate the pattern for a specific case.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #structure
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #structured
literal: structured

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #structured
literal: A particular kind of argument where the relationships between the asserted claims, and from the evidence to the claims, are explicitly represented.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #structured
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #substitutedBy
literal: substituted by

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #substitutedBy
literal: There may be occasions when a goal or strategy requires fuller justification than can be provided within the confines of a GSN justification element. In such cases, an away goal can be substituted for the justification.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #substitutedBy
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #supportedBy
literal: supported by

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #supportedBy
literal: SupportedBy, rendered as a line with a solid arrowhead, allows support relationships between elements to be documented.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #supportedBy
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #supportedBy
literal: line with a solid arrowhead

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #toBeSupportedByContract
literal: to be supported by contract

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #toBeSupportedByContract
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #toBeSupportedByContract
literal: attached centrally immediately below the goal to which it relates

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #top
literal: top (goal)

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #top
literal: A GSN Goal that presents the pinnacle claim in an argument. It is ‘top’ in terms of the argument hierarchy, rather than necessarily its physical layout. There may be more than one top goal in a GSN structure.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #top
literal: The top goal presents the overall claim asserted by the author and it is up to the reader to determine their belief that it is adequately supported.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #top
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #true
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #true
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #undeveloped
literal: undeveloped

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #undeveloped
literal: Undeveloped element decorator, rendered as a hollow diamond applied to the bottom centre of an element, indicates that a line of argument has not been developed.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #undeveloped
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #undeveloped
literal: hollow diamond

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #uninstantiated
literal: uninstantiated

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #uninstantiated
literal: Argument Pattern Extension

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #uninstantiated
literal: hollow triangle

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #valid
literal: valid

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #valid
literal: Core GSN

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #viewType
literal: view type

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #viewType
literal: Modular Extension

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern

AnnotationPropertyDomain
IRI: #Pattern