None These are the terms that are improted for FOVT to describe vertebrate traits. FuTRES Ontology of Vertebrate Traits 2023-05-31 has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor term editor definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source term replaced by Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by term replaced by If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive oba http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor true http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description uberon dc-description true dc-description description http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title uberon dc-title true dc-title title http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor uberon dc-contributor true dc-contributor contributor http://purl.org/dc/terms/license uberon dcterms-license true dcterms-license license An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym has_broad_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 database_cross_reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 label label http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depicted_by uberon depicted_by true depicted_by depicted by is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external quality spatial uberon part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 external quality spatial uberon has_part has_part has part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 external uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 external uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in BFO:0000066 external occurs_in occurs_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains_process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process contains process x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000096 rostral_to spatial uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior to x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:0000097 spatial uberon distal_to distal_to distal to x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:cjm x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 spatial uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal to x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal to spatial uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior to x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm caudal to x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:0000100 NCIT:C25236 spatial uberon proximal_to proximal_to The elbow is proximal to the hand, but distal to the shoulder. proximal to x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:cjm x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 spatial uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole. BSPO:0000104 spatial approximately_perpendicular_to approximately_perpendicular_to approximately perpendicular to Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole. BSPO:cjm Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 spatial uberon deep_to deep_to deep to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:cjm Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 spatial uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:cjm Closer to the left side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is left of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:0000110 spatial left_of left_of left of Closer to the left side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is left of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:cjm Closer to the right side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is right of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:0000111 spatial right_of right_of right of Closer to the right side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is right of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:cjm Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis. BSPO:0000113 spatial opposite_to opposite_to opposite to Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis. BSPO:cjm X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 NCIT:C25229 spatial uberon in_left_side_of in_left_side_of in left side of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 NCIT:C25228 spatial uberon in_right_side_of in_right_side_of in right side of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:0000122 spatial uberon in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of in posterior side of X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 spatial uberon in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of in anterior side of X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 spatial uberon in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in proximal side of x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 spatial uberon in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in distal side of x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 spatial uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in lateral side of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure UBERON:cjm x is parallel t y iff x and y are lines or planes which when extended indefinitely do not cross. spatial parallel_to parallel to x is parallel t y iff x and y are lines or planes which when extended indefinitely do not cross. BSPO:curators X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 spatial uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost part of X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0001107 spatial uberon immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to immediately deep to x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y BSPO:0001108 spatial uberon distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of distalmost part of X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 BSPO:0001113 spatial uberon preaxialmost_part_of preaxialmost_part_of preaxialmost part of BSPO:0001115 spatial uberon postaxialmost_part_of postaxialmost_part_of postaxialmost part of X intersects median plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y. BSPO:0005001 spatial uberon intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects midsagittal plane of BSPO:0015001 spatial finishes_axis finishes_axis A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. If s finishes axis x, and x has end point p, then x overlaps p finishes axis BSPO:0015002 spatial follows_axis follows_axis follows axis crossing at right angles BSPO:0015005 spatial orthogonal_to orthogonal_to orthogonal to crossing at right angles BSPO:cjm Intersects at two points. BSPO:0015006 spatial passes_through passes_through passes through Intersects at two points. BSPO:cjm BSPO:0015007 spatial starts_axis starts_axis A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. . If s starts axis x, and x has start point p, then x overlaps p starts axis BSPO:0015008 spatial surface_of surface_of placeholder. used for relation between anatomical surface and an anatomical side. surface of x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0015014 spatial uberon immediately_superficial_to immediately_superficial_to immediately superficial to x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:0015101 spatial uberon in_dorsal_side_of in_dorsal_side_of in dorsal side of X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:cjm X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. This was migrated from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#in_central_side_of in Uberon. BSPO:0020001 uberon in_central_side_of in_central_side_of in central side of X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. BSPO:cjm x dorsalmost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more dorsal than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the dorsal boundary of y BSPO:0030003 spatial dorsalmost_part_of dorsalmost_part_of dorsalmost part of x dorsalmost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more dorsal than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the dorsal boundary of y https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 x anteriormost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more anterior than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the anterior boundary of y BSPO:0030004 spatial anteriormost_part_of anteriormost_part_of anteriormost part of x anteriormost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more anterior than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the anterior boundary of y https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 x lateralmost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more lateral than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the lateral boundary of y BSPO:0030005 spatial lateralmost_part_of lateralmost_part_of lateralmost part of x lateralmost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more lateral than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the lateral boundary of y https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 X medial side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two medial and lateral portions, X is part of the medial portion. BSPO:0030006 spatial in_medial_side_of in_medial_side_of in medial side of X medial side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two medial and lateral portions, X is part of the medial portion. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 x medialmost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more medial than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the medial boundary of y BSPO:0030007 spatial medialmost_part_of medialmost_part_of medialmost part of x medialmost_part_of y iff x part_of y and there is no z which is part_of y and is more medial than x but not part_of x; x is adjacent to the medial boundary of y https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 exactly 0 ?Y lacks_part http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y) lacks_plasma_membrane_part GOREL:0002003 external results_in_distribution_of results_in_distribution_of results in distribution of results_in_distribution_of GOREL:0002004 external results_in_fission_of results_in_fission_of results in fission of results_in_fission_of This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_input_of is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in RO:0000052 characteristic_of Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 external bearer_of bearer_of has_characteristic bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 external uberon participates_in participates_in participates in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant RO:0000057 external has_participant has_participant has participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of RO:0000079 function_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of RO:0000080 quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of RO:0000081 role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function RO:0000085 has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality RO:0000086 uberon has_quality has_quality has quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role RO:0000087 has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence RO:0000091 has_disposition has disposition inverse of has disposition RO:0000092 disposition_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in RO:0001018 contained_in contained in contains RO:0001019 uberon contains contains contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in RO:0001025 uberon located_in located_in located in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of surface of RO:0002000 2D_boundary_of 2D boundary of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. has boundary has_2D_boundary RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_2D_boundary has_boundary has 2D boundary has 2D boundary http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402613 RO:0002005 uberon innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 RO:0002007 external uberon bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z RO:0002013 external has_regulatory_component_activity has_regulatory_component_activity has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z RO:0002014 external has_negative_regulatory_component_activity has_negative_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z RO:0002015 has_positive_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z RO:0002017 has_component_activity A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z RO:0002018 has_component_process has component process A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization. dos 2017-07-20T17:19:37Z RO:0002021 occurs_across occurs across dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z RO:0002022 directly_regulated_by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z RO:0002023 directly_negatively_regulated_by directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z RO:0002024 directly_positively_regulated_by directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z RO:0002025 has_effector_activity This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland <= RO:0002081 before_or_simultaneous_with Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002082 uberon simultaneous_with simultaneous_with t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with simultaneous with David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002086 ends_after X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of RO:0002087 external uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets RO:0002090 external immediately_precedes immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes immediately precedes Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that its soma is part of. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ( <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043025> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y) RO:0002100 has_soma_location has soma location Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that has_part some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) RO:0002103 uberon synapsed_by synapsed_by synapsed by synapsed by Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814] Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ?Y) RO:0002104 has_plasma_membrane_part has plasma membrane part Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) RO:0002120 synapsed_to N1 synapsed_to some N2 Expands to: N1 SubclassOf ( has_part some ( ‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some ( ‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some ( ‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2)))) synapsed to x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 external spatial uberon overlaps overlaps "(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF [] overlaps overlaps true x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BSPO:cjm Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002132> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043005> that (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) RO:0002134 uberon innervates innervates innervates innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous_with continuous with continuous with FMA:85972 d derived_by_descent_from a if d is specified by some genetic program that is sequence-inherited-from a genetic program that specifies a. ancestral_stucture_of evolutionarily_descended_from RO:0002156 derived_by_descent_from derived by descent from inverse of derived by descent from RO:0002157 has_derived_by_descendant has derived by descendant two individual entities d1 and d2 stand in a shares_ancestor_with relation if and only if there exists some a such that d1 derived_by_descent_from a and d2 derived_by_descent_from a. Consider obsoleting and merging with child relation, 'in homology relationship with' RO:0002158 uberon homologous_to homologous_to shares_ancestor_with VBO calls this homologous_to shares ancestor with lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia' x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria RO:0002160 uberon only_in_taxon only_in_taxon only in taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. RO:0002162 uberon in_taxon in_taxon Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002163 spatially_disjoint_from spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to connected to connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects connects https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002177 uberon attaches_to_part_of attached_to_part_of attaches_to_part_of attached to part of attached to part of true Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure RO:0002178 uberon supplies supplies supplies supplies Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure RO:0002179 uberon drains drains drains drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 external uberon has_component has_component has component has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops from inverse of develops from RO:0002203 develops_into develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. FBbt RO:0002207 has developmental precursor uberon directly_develops_from directly_develops_from TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of RO:0002210 directly_develops_into directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 external uberon capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO:0002216 external uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO RO:0002220 external spatial uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 RO:0002222 temporally_related_to A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by RO:0002224 external uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y RO:0002225 uberon develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of develops from part of develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 RO:0002226 uberon develops_in develops_in develops in develops in inverse of ends with Chris Mungall RO:0002229 uberon ends ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 external uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y starts with process that occurs in RO:0002231 external has_start_location has_start_location has start location has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y ends with process that occurs in RO:0002232 external has_end_location has_end_location has end location has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes RO:0002233 external has_input has_input has input has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces RO:0002234 external has_output has_output has output has output Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from RO:0002255 developmentally_contributes_to developmentally contributes to t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T induced by Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) GO:0001759 We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm] RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by developmentally induced by developmentally induced by Inverse of developmentally induced by RO:0002257 developmentally_induces developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one RO:0002258 developmentally_preceded_by This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. RO:0002263 acts_upstream_of acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. RO:0002264 affects acts_upstream_of_or_within acts upstream of or within x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage replaces RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally replaces developmentally replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by RO:0002286 developmentally_succeeded_by developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue RO:0002287 part_of_developmental_precursor_of part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. RO:0002295 external results_in_developmental_progression_of results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of results in developmental progression of every flower development (GO:0009908) results in development of some flower (PO:0009046) p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state. http://www.geneontology.org/GO.doc.development.shtml RO:0002296 external results_in_development_of results_in_development_of results in development of results in development of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002297 external results_in_formation_of results_in_formation_of results in formation of results in formation of an annotation of gene X to cell morphogenesis with results_in_morphogenesis_of CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an input neuron has attained its shape. tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587) results in morphogenesis of tongue (UBERON:0001723) The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state. GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002298 external results_in_morphogenesis_of results_in_morphogenesis_of results in morphogenesis of results in morphogenesis of an annotation of gene X to cell maturation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that the fibroblast is mature at the end of the process bone maturation (GO:0070977) results_in_maturation_of bone (UBERON:0001474) The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity. GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002299 external results_in_maturation_of results_in_maturation_of results in maturation of results in maturation of p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. cjm RO:0002304 external causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. cjm RO:0002305 external causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of RO:0002314 characteristic_of_part_of characteristic of part of true an annotation of gene X to cell differentiation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that at the end of the process the input cell that did not have features of a fibroblast, now has the features of a fibroblast. The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002315 external results_in_acquisition_of_features_of results_in_acquisition_of_features_of results in acquisition of features of results in acquisition of features of A relationship that holds via some environmental process Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. RO:0002320 evolutionarily_related_to evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions RO:0002321 ecologically_related_to ecologically related to An experimental relation currently used to connect a feature possessed by an organism (e.g. anatomical structure, biological process, phenotype or quality) to a habitat or environment in which that feature is well suited, adapted or provides a reproductive advantage for the organism. For example, fins to an aquatic environment. Usually this will mean that the structure is adapted for this environment, but we avoid saying this directly - primitive forms of the structure may not have evolved specifically for that environment (for example, early wings were not necessarily adapted for an aerial environment). Note also that this is a statement about the general class of structures - not every instance of a limb need confer an advantage for a terrestrial environment, e.g. if the limb is vestigial. adapted for RO:0002322 uberon confers_advantage_in confers_advantage_in confers advantage in A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships RO:0002323 mereotopologically_related_to mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development RO:0002324 developmentally_related_to developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. RO:0002327 enables enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false RO:0002329 part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of RO:0002331 involved_in involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall RO:0002333 enabled_by enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) RO:0002334 external regulated_by regulated_by regulated by regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall RO:0002335 external negatively_regulated_by negatively_regulated_by negatively regulated by negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall RO:0002336 external positively_regulated_by positively_regulated_by positively regulated by positively regulated by A relationship that holds via some process of localization Do not use this relation directly. It is a grouping relation. RO:0002337 related_via_localization_to related via localization to This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination. RO:0002338 external has_target_start_location has_target_start_location has target start location has target start location This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. RO:0002339 external has_target_end_location has_target_end_location has target end location has target end location Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l RO:0002341 external results_in_transport_along results_in_transport_along results in transport along results in transport along Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m. RO:0002342 external results_in_transport_across results_in_transport_across results in transport across results in transport across 'pollen tube growth' results_in growth_of some 'pollen tube' RO:0002343 external results_in_growth_of results_in_growth_of results in growth of results in growth of 'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739) RO:0002344 external results_in_transport_to_from_or_in results_in_transport_to_from_or_in results in transport to from or in results in transport to from or in An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO RO:0002350 member_of member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of input of input of inverse of has output RO:0002353 external uberon output_of output_of output of output of RO:0002354 formed_as_result_of formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002371 uberon attaches_to attached_to attaches_to attached to attached to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) RO:0002372 uberon has_muscle_origin has_muscle_origin has muscle origin has muscle origin We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) RO:0002373 uberon has_muscle_insertion has_muscle_insertion has muscle insertion has muscle insertion We need to import uberon muscle into RO to use as a stricter domain constraint false x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat has fused element RO:0002374 uberon has_fused_element derived_from_ancestral_fusion_of has_fused_element A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B: rather than A has_part some B', where B' that has some evolutionary relationship to B. derived from ancestral fusion of A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) RO:0002375 in_branching_relationship_with in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. drains into drains to tributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) RO:0002376 uberon tributary_of tributary_of tributary of tributary of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios RO:0002379 spatially_coextensive_with spatially coextensive with In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is a (direct) branching part of T. B1-1, B1-2, and B1-3 are also branching parts of T, but these are considered indirect branching parts as they do not directly connect to the main stem S x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y RO:0002380 uberon branching_part_of branching_part_of branching part of branching part of FMA:85994 x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). RO:0002384 has_developmental_potential_involving has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y RO:0002386 has_potential_to_developmentally_induce has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y RO:0002388 has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall RO:0002404 external causally_downstream_of causally_downstream_of causally downstream of causally downstream of Chris Mungall RO:0002405 external immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates RO:0002407 indirectly_positively_regulates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits RO:0002409 indirectly_negatively_regulates indirectly negatively regulates This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. RO:0002410 causally_related_to causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall RO:0002411 external causally_upstream_of causally_upstream_of causally upstream of causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. Chris Mungall RO:0002412 external immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately causally upstream of immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) RO:0002418 external affects causally_upstream_of_or_within causally_upstream_of_or_within causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall RO:0002427 external causally_downstream_of_or_within causally_downstream_of_or_within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall RO:0002428 involved_in_regulation_of involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall RO:0002429 involved_in_positive_regulation_of involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall RO:0002430 involved_in_negative_regulation_of involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates RO:0002431 involved_in_or_involved_in_regulation_of involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. executes activity in RO:0002432 enables activity in is_active_in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. RO:0002434 in pairwise interaction with interacts_with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with RO:0002436 molecularly_interacts_with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. RO:0002447 phosphorylates phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré RO:0002448 molecularly controls directly_regulates_activity_of directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits RO:0002449 molecularly decreases activity of directly_negatively_regulates_activity_of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates RO:0002450 molecularly increases activity of directly_positively_regulates_activity_of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. RO:0002464 helper_property_(not_for_use_in_curation) helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. RO:0002473 uberon composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. RO:0002479 has_part_that_occurs_in has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall RO:0002481 is_kinase_activity is kinase activity See notes for inverse relation RO:0002485 receives_input_from receives input from This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in. RO:0002486 sends_output_to sends output to Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. RO:0002487 relation_between_physical_entity_and_a_process_or_stage relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). RO:0002488 uberon existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) RO:0002490 existence_overlaps The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) RO:0002491 exists during uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence_starts_and_ends_during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts and ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon existence_ends_during existence_ends_during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships RO:0002494 uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t RO:0002495 uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process RO:0002500 causal_agent_in_process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. RO:0002501 causal_relation_between_processes causal relation between processes RO:0002502 depends_on depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. RO:0002506 causal_relation_between_entities causal relation between entities Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton' A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. has supporting framework The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell). RO:0002551 uberon has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton This should be to a more restricted class, but not the Uberon class may be too restricted since it is a composition-based definition of skeleton rather than functional. Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) RO:0002559 causally_influenced_by causally influenced by Chris Mungall RO:0002563 interaction_relation_helper_property interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations Chris Mungall RO:0002564 molecular_interaction_relation_helper_property molecular interaction relation helper property Holds between p and c when p is locomotion process and the outcome of this process is the change of location of c RO:0002565 external results_in_movement_of results_in_movement_of results in movement of The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) RO:0002566 causally_influences causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. RO:0002567 biomechanically_related_to biomechanically related to m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle) RO:0002568 uberon has_muscle_antagonist has_muscle_antagonist has muscle antagonist inverse of branching part of RO:0002569 uberon has_branching_part has_branching_part has branching part x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. UBERON:cjm This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through. RO:0002570 uberon conduit_for conduit_for conduit for x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. GOC:cjm RO:0002571 uberon lumen_of lumen_of lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal_space_of luminal space of inverse of has skeleton RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton_of skeleton of Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) RO:0002578 external directly_regulates directly_regulates directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p RO:0002584 has_part_structure_that_is_capable_of has part structure that is capable of p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p RO:0002586 results_in_breakdown_of results in breakdown of RO:0002588 external results_in_assembly_of results_in_assembly_of results in assembly of RO:0002590 external results_in_disassembly_of results_in_disassembly_of results in disassembly of p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c RO:0002592 external results_in_organization_of results_in_organization_of results in organization of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall RO:0002595 causal_relation_between_material_entity_and_a_process causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. RO:0002596 capable_of_regulating capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. RO:0002597 capable_of_negatively_regulating capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. RO:0002598 capable_of_positively_regulating capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' RO:0002608 external process_has_causal_agent process_has_causal_agent process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002629 external directly_positively_regulates directly_positively_regulates directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002630 external directly_negatively_regulates directly_negatively_regulates directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. RO:0003000 external uberon produces produces Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. RO:0003001 external uberon produced_by produced_by produced by produced by p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z RO:0004007 external has_primary_input_or_output has_primary_input_or_output has primary input or output p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z RO:0004008 external has_primary_output has_primary_output has primary output p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:kva GOC:pt PMID:27812932 p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c. 2018-12-13T11:26:56Z RO:0004009 external has_primary_input has_primary_input has primary input p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:kva GOC:pt PMID:27812932 Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z RO:0004031 enables_subfunction enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z RO:0004032 acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z RO:0004033 acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z RO:0004034 acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z RO:0004035 acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z RO:0004046 causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z RO:0004047 causally_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré RO:0011002 regulates_activity_of regulates activity of p acts on population of c iff c' is a collection, has members of type c, and p has participant c pg 2020-06-08T17:21:33Z RO:0012003 external acts_on_population_of acts_on_population_of acts on population of acts on population of pg 2021-02-26T07:28:29Z RO:0012008 external results_in_fusion_of results_in_fusion_of results in fusion of results in fusion of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z RO:0012011 indirectly_causally_upstream_of indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z RO:0012012 indirectly_regulates indirectly regulates q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. RO:0015006 different_in_magnitude_relative_to different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. RO:0015007 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. RO:0015011 has_cross_section Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes RO:0017001 device_utilizes_material device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019000 gene_ontology regulates_characteristic regulates_characteristic regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019001 gene_ontology positively_regulates_characteristic positively_regulates_characteristic positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019002 gene_ontology negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively regulates characteristic p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z RO:0040036 external results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. uberon anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern carries uberon channel_for channel for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. uberon distally_connected_to distally connected to x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. uberon filtered_through Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed filtered through a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. add to RO uberon indirectly_supplies indirectly_supplies uberon layer_part_of layer part of x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon protects protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. uberon proximally_connected_to proximally connected to x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon sexually_homologous_to sexually_homologous_to c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. uberon capable_of_has_part site_of site_of uberon subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of . uberon transitively_anteriorly_connected_to transitively anteriorly connected to . http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern . uberon transitively_distally_connected_to transitively distally connected to . http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern . uberon transitively_proximally_connected_to transitively proximally connected to . http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern sighting A trip camera capture of an image of a jaguar is an observation, because it is "selected" by the camera as worthy of obsevation simply by virtue of moving in front of the camera. Observing and recording the presence or absence of butterflies during a transect walk. Seeing three pelicans flying overhead on Christmas day and report them as part of the Christmas Bird Count. A process in which a person or machine sees or detects a material entity and selects it as worthy of observation, and which has as output an information content entity about the selected material entity. This class replaces class bco_0000003, which was made obsolete because of identifier format. We are having conversation with OBI developers about how this term relates to OBI:assay (). Is it equivalent, broader, narrower? What does it mean to be the input to an observation. Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon An observing process is distinguished from a specimen collecting process in by having an information content entity as an output rather than a specimen. The information artifact may be written or recorded or just be stored in someone's head (specifically depenedent upon that person). In the context of a taxonomic inventory, an observing process may be called a sighting, which is an ad hoc reporting of, typically, a single taxon occurrence, usually motivated by rarity, individual interest in the taxon, or atypicality of circumstances. observing process the role borne by a bird during a Christmas Bird Count A role that is borne by some material entity and is realized by the material entity being the input of an observing process. This term replaced bco_0000046, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon material target of observation role entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-0078 To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] material MaterialEntity material entity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane. left spatial BSPO:0000000 left side The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant. FMA:24137 surface spatial BSPO:0000005 to be merged into CARO anatomical surface A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant. BSPO:cjm The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane. right spatial BSPO:0000007 right side The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm BSPO:wd Sagittal plane that divides bilateral body into equal left and right parts. FMA:74563 median sagittal plane midline plane midsagittal section spatial median plane BSPO:0000009 only in bilaterally symmetrical organisms midsagittal plane Sagittal plane that divides bilateral body into equal left and right parts. BSPO:mah median sagittal plane FMA:74563 A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Anatomical_Directions_and_Axes.JPG spatial BSPO:0000010 Axis directions are defined in terms of axes. anatomical axis A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. BSPO:cjm An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. A-P axis AP axis anteroposterior axis cephalocaudal axis craniocaudal axis rostral/caudal rostrocaudal axis spatial longitudinal axis BSPO:0000013 In sponges, AP is used to indicate the direction of movement [in larval stage] (as it is in other metazoans that move, e.g., the basal bilaterians). [PM] anterior-posterior axis An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm cephalocaudal axis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location craniocaudal axis rostral/caudal rostrocaudal axis An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). proximal/distal proximodistal spatial BSPO:0000015 In some communities, proximal and distal are used when specifying the position of parts of elements that are contained within the body, such as gill arches or vertebral spines. In these cases, use of the classes medial-lateral axis or medial-external axis are more appropriate. proximal-distal axis An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). BSPO:curators http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. D-V axis DV axis dorsoventral axis anterior-posterior axis spatial BSPO:0000016 dorsal-ventral axis An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. BSPO:curators anterior-posterior axis An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. L-R axis LR axis R-L axis RL axis dextro-sinister axis left to right axis right to left axis right-left axis spatial BSPO:0000017 left-right axis An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm Anatomical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts. FMA:12247 axial plane axial section transverse section spatial cross-section BSPO:0000018 transverse plane Anatomical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts. BSPO:mah Anatomical plane that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral parts. FMA:52810 frontal plane horizontal anatomical plane horizontal section spatial coronal section frontal section BSPO:0000019 horizontal plane Anatomical plane that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral parts. BSPO:mah horizontal anatomical plane FMA:52810 Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:04:59Z anteroventral region spatial BSPO:0000027 antero-ventral region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and lateral regions of the body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:06:01Z posterolateral region spatial BSPO:0000028 postero-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and lateral regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and lateral regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:07:18Z anterolateral region spatial BSPO:0000029 antero-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:08:38Z posteroventral region spatial BSPO:0000035 postero-ventral region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and medial regions of the body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-09-10T08:55:32Z anteromedial region spatial BSPO:0000050 antero-medial region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and medial regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. FBql:00005841 spatial BSPO:0000054 anatomical side An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. BSPO:cjm An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000053 FBql:00005848 anterior rostral spatial BSPO:0000055 anterior side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:RW An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000065 FBql:00005849 posterior caudal spatial BSPO:0000056 posterior side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:RW BSPO:wd caudal FBcv:0000066 FBql:00005852 proximal spatial BSPO:0000061 proximal side Anatomical side that is distally located on an organism or structure. FBcv:0000058 FBql:00005853 distal spatial BSPO:0000062 distal side Anatomical side that is distally located on an organism or structure. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and medial regions of the body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-09-10T08:56:39Z posteromedial region spatial BSPO:0000064 postero-medial region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and medial regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd FBcv:0000063 FBql:00005844 lateral spatial BSPO:0000066 lateral side FBcv:0000064 FBql:00005847 medial spatial BSPO:0000067 a point in the centre of the organism (where the left-right axis intersects the midsagittal plane) medial side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. FBcv:0000070 FBql:00005843 ventral spatial BSPO:0000068 ventral side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. BSPO:RW BSPO:wd A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm. FBql:00005841 spatial BSPO:0000070 to be merged into CARO anatomical region A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm. BSPO:cjm Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. FBql:00005848 spatial BSPO:0000071 anterior region Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. FBql:00005849 spatial BSPO:0000072 posterior region Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region proximally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005852 spatial BSPO:0000077 proximal region Anatomical region proximally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region distally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005853 spatial BSPO:0000078 distal region Anatomical region distally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region laterally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005844 spatial BSPO:0000082 lateral region Anatomical region laterally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part. FBql:00005847 spatial BSPO:0000083 medial region Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005843 spatial BSPO:0000084 ventral region Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. FBql:00005846 ventrolateral region spatial BSPO:0000085 This is an example of a composition of two axis positions. ventro-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd The region corresponding to the ventral region of the entity, towards the midline. Melissa Haendel 2009-09-10T08:57:54Z medioventral region ventromedial region spatial BSPO:0000112 ventro-medial region The region corresponding to the ventral region of the entity, towards the midline. BSPO:wd An anatomical axis that extends from the center of the body outwards or externally. wasila.dahdul 2013-07-02T11:21:42Z spatial proximal-distal axis BSPO:0000196 The medial-external axis could apply to a sphere-shaped body. medial-external axis An anatomical axis that extends from the center of the body outwards or externally. BSPO:curators Anatomical surface that is located on the anterior side of the body or body part. FBql:00005848 spatial BSPO:0000371 anterior surface Anatomical surface that is located on the anterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. FBql:00005849 spatial BSPO:0000372 posterior surface Anatomical surface that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the proximal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005852 spatial BSPO:0000377 proximal surface Anatomical surface that is located on the proximal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the distal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005853 spatial BSPO:0000378 distal surface Anatomical surface that is located on the distal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the lateral side of the body or body part. FBql:00005844 spatial BSPO:0000382 lateral surface Anatomical surface that located on the lateral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the medial side of the body or body part. FBql:00005847 spatial BSPO:0000383 medial surface Anatomical surface that located on the medial side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. FBql:00005843 spatial BSPO:0000384 ventral surface Anatomical surface that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions. FMA:242982 anatomical cross-section anatomical section plane section spatial cross-section BSPO:0000400 These anatomical sections are applicable to most bilaterally symmetrical animals, but bipedal animals such as humans have more complex usage of these terms. For example, in post-embryonic humans a coronal plane is vertical and a transverse plane is horizontal, but for embryos and quadrupeds a coronal plane is horizontal and a transverse plane is vertical. anatomical plane A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions. BSPO:cjm Anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size. FMA:11361 left/right plane median plane sagittal section spatial BSPO:0000417 sagittal plane Anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size. BSPO:DOS BSPO:cjm BSPO:mah An axis that extends from the center of organism to one or other side. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Anatomical_Directions_and_Axes.JPG M-L axis ML axis medio-lateral axis mediolateral axis spatial proximal-distal axis BSPO:0001001 Properly, the ML axis is a half axis; practically, its usage is less clumsy and less linguistically biased than "left-right". The terms may still be used relatively to describe locations along the LR axis. The gills are medial to the operculum, but lateral to the heart. medial-lateral axis An axis that extends from the center of organism to one or other side. BSPO:cjm A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. spatial CARO:0000000 Following BFO, material anatomical entities may have immaterial parts (the lumen of your stomach is part of your stomach). The granularity limit follows the limits set by the Gene Ontology on the granularity limit for GO:cellular_component. Note that substances produced by an organism (sweat, feaces, urine) do not need to be part of an organism to qualify as an anatomical structure. anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. CAROC:Brownsville2014 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:MAH Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. spatial CARO:0000003 Note that the definition does not say 'generated exclusively by the co-ordinated expression of the organism's own genome', so this is still valid for cases where normal morphogenesis requires the actions of a facultative symbiont, or some looser dependency such as the a requirement for the presence of gut flora for normal gut development. anatomical structure connected anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CC:DOS An anatomical entity that has mass. spatial CARO:0000006 material anatomical entity An anatomical entity that has mass. CC:DOS An anatomical entity that has no mass. Anatomical entity that has no mass. spatial CARO:0000007 immaterial anatomical entity An anatomical entity that has no mass. CC:DOS A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. spatial CARO:0000008 anatomical line A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. CC:DOS A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. spatial CARO:0000010 anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. CC:DOS A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 neuron projection bundle Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle. Melissa Haendel organism or virus or viroid An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. djs93 CARO:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acids and derivatives CHEBI:131927 dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives dicarboxylic acids and derivatives ChEBI A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. -1 (C14H20NO11)n.H2O chebi_ontology hyaluronan hyaluronate polyanion CHEBI:132153 hyaluronate hyaluronan UniProt hyaluronate polyanion ChEBI Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. chebi_ontology 5beta steroids 5beta-steroid 5beta-steroids CHEBI:136889 5beta steroid 5beta steroids ChEBI 5beta-steroid ChEBI 5beta-steroids ChEBI A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Wikipedia:Mineral_acid chebi_ontology inorganic acids mineral acid mineral acids CHEBI:138103 inorganic acid inorganic acids ChEBI mineral acid ChEBI mineral acids ChEBI Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration. chebi_ontology CHEBI:138366 bile acids Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI -1 CH2NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 60.03212 60.00910 NC([O-])=O Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. 0 C7H6N2O 134.136 134.04801 C(=CC(NC(=*)*)=*)(NC(C(C)=*)=O)* chebi_ontology CHEBI:142163 24G7 epitope A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. +1 C7H16NO2 InChI=1S/C7H16NO2/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4/h5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1 OIPILFWXSMYKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 146.20748 146.11756 CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C CHEBI:12686 CHEBI:13715 CHEBI:22197 CHEBI:2416 CHEBI:40559 Beilstein:1764436 CAS:51-84-3 DrugBank:DB03128 Drug_Central:65 Gmelin:326108 KEGG:C01996 LINCS:LSM-5888 PDBeChem:ACH PMID:14764638 PMID:15014918 PMID:15231705 PMID:15361288 PMID:18050502 PMID:18407448 PMID:19255787 PMID:20963497 PMID:21130809 PMID:21246223 PMID:21545631 PMID:21601579 Wikipedia:Acetylcholine 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine acetylcholine chebi_ontology ACh Azetylcholin O-Acetylcholine choline acetate CHEBI:15355 acetylcholine Beilstein:1764436 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:65 DrugCentral Gmelin:326108 Gmelin PMID:14764638 Europe PMC PMID:15014918 Europe PMC PMID:15231705 Europe PMC PMID:15361288 Europe PMC PMID:18050502 Europe PMC PMID:18407448 Europe PMC PMID:19255787 Europe PMC PMID:20963497 Europe PMC PMID:21130809 Europe PMC PMID:21246223 Europe PMC PMID:21545631 Europe PMC PMID:21601579 Europe PMC 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC ACETYLCHOLINE PDBeChem Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND acetylcholine UniProt ACh ChemIDplus Azetylcholin ChEBI O-Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND choline acetate ChemIDplus A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. 0 C2H4O2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 60.05200 60.02113 CC(O)=O CHEBI:22169 CHEBI:2387 CHEBI:40486 Beilstein:506007 CAS:64-19-7 Drug_Central:4211 Gmelin:1380 HMDB:HMDB0000042 KEGG:C00033 KEGG:D00010 KNApSAcK:C00001176 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PDBeChem:ACY PMID:12005138 PMID:15107950 PMID:16630552 PMID:16774200 PMID:17190852 PMID:19416101 PMID:19469536 PMID:22153255 PMID:22173419 PPDB:1333 Reaxys:506007 Wikipedia:Acetic_acid ACETIC ACID Acetic acid acetic acid chebi_ontology AcOH CH3-COOH CH3CO2H E 260 E-260 E260 Essigsaeure Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid HOAc INS No. 260 MeCO2H MeCOOH Methanecarboxylic acid acide acetique ethoic acid CHEBI:15366 acetic acid Beilstein:506007 Beilstein CAS:64-19-7 ChemIDplus CAS:64-19-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-19-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4211 DrugCentral Gmelin:1380 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 LIPID MAPS PMID:12005138 Europe PMC PMID:15107950 Europe PMC PMID:16630552 Europe PMC PMID:16774200 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:19416101 Europe PMC PMID:19469536 Europe PMC PMID:22153255 Europe PMC PMID:22173419 Europe PMC Reaxys:506007 Reaxys ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetic acid IUPAC AcOH ChEBI CH3-COOH IUPAC CH3CO2H ChEBI E 260 ChEBI E-260 ChEBI E260 ChEBI Essigsaeure ChEBI Ethanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Ethylic acid ChemIDplus HOAc ChEBI INS No. 260 ChEBI MeCO2H ChEBI MeCOOH ChEBI Methanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus acide acetique ChemIDplus ethoic acid ChEBI 0 O2 InChI=1S/O2/c1-2 MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 31.998 31.98983 O=O CHEBI:10745 CHEBI:13416 CHEBI:23833 CHEBI:25366 CHEBI:30491 CHEBI:44742 CHEBI:7860 CAS:7782-44-7 Gmelin:485 HMDB:HMDB0001377 KEGG:C00007 KEGG:D00003 MetaCyc:OXYGEN-MOLECULE MolBase:750 PDBeChem:OXY PMID:10906528 PMID:16977326 PMID:18210929 PMID:18638417 PMID:19840863 PMID:7710549 PMID:9463773 Wikipedia:Oxygen dioxygen chebi_ontology Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen CHEBI:15379 dioxygen CAS:7782-44-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7782-44-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7782-44-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:485 Gmelin PMID:10906528 Europe PMC PMID:16977326 Europe PMC PMID:18210929 Europe PMC PMID:18638417 Europe PMC PMID:19840863 Europe PMC PMID:7710549 Europe PMC PMID:9463773 Europe PMC dioxygen IUPAC Disauerstoff ChEBI E 948 ChEBI E-948 ChEBI E948 ChEBI O2 IUPAC O2 KEGG_COMPOUND O2 UniProt OXYGEN MOLECULE PDBeChem Oxygen KEGG_COMPOUND [OO] MolBase dioxygene ChEBI molecular oxygen ChEBI Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. 0 C2H4O2(CH2O)n CHEBI:13755 CHEBI:22305 CHEBI:2561 KEGG:C01370 Wikipedia:Aldose Aldose chebi_ontology aldoses an aldose CHEBI:15693 aldose Aldose KEGG_COMPOUND aldoses ChEBI an aldose UniProt A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n CHEBI:14860 CHEBI:8314 KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide polypeptides chebi_ontology Polypeptid polipeptido CHEBI:15841 polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND polypeptides IUPAC Polypeptid ChEBI polipeptido ChEBI A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. 0 (C5H8O6PR)n.C10H17O10PR2 CHEBI:13672 CHEBI:14859 CHEBI:8312 KEGG:C00419 Polynucleotide chebi_ontology polynucleotides CHEBI:15986 polynucleotide Polynucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND polynucleotides ChEBI An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 0 H3N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17.03056 17.02655 [H]N([H])[H] CHEBI:13405 CHEBI:13406 CHEBI:13407 CHEBI:13771 CHEBI:22533 CHEBI:44269 CHEBI:44284 CHEBI:44404 CHEBI:7434 Beilstein:3587154 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane chebi_ontology Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn CHEBI:16134 ammonia Beilstein:3587154 Beilstein CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-41-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. -2 O4S InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)/p-2 QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 96.06360 95.95283 [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O CHEBI:15135 CHEBI:45687 CHEBI:9335 Beilstein:3648446 CAS:14808-79-8 Gmelin:2120 HMDB:HMDB0001448 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 MetaCyc:SULFATE PDBeChem:SO4 PMID:11200094 PMID:11452993 PMID:11581495 PMID:11798107 PMID:12166931 PMID:12668033 PMID:14597181 PMID:15093386 PMID:15984785 PMID:16186560 PMID:16345535 PMID:16347366 PMID:16348007 PMID:16483812 PMID:16534979 PMID:16656509 PMID:16742508 PMID:16742518 PMID:17120760 PMID:17420092 PMID:17439666 PMID:17709180 PMID:18398178 PMID:18815700 PMID:18846414 PMID:19047345 PMID:19244483 PMID:19544990 PMID:19628332 PMID:19812358 PMID:30398859 Reaxys:3648446 Wikipedia:Sulfate Sulfate sulfate tetraoxidosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(VI) chebi_ontology SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion CHEBI:16189 sulfate Beilstein:3648446 Beilstein CAS:14808-79-8 ChemIDplus CAS:14808-79-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2120 Gmelin PMID:11200094 Europe PMC PMID:11452993 Europe PMC PMID:11581495 Europe PMC PMID:11798107 Europe PMC PMID:12166931 Europe PMC PMID:12668033 Europe PMC PMID:14597181 Europe PMC PMID:15093386 Europe PMC PMID:15984785 Europe PMC PMID:16186560 Europe PMC PMID:16345535 Europe PMC PMID:16347366 Europe PMC PMID:16348007 Europe PMC PMID:16483812 Europe PMC PMID:16534979 Europe PMC PMID:16656509 Europe PMC PMID:16742508 Europe PMC PMID:16742518 Europe PMC PMID:17120760 Europe PMC PMID:17420092 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17709180 Europe PMC PMID:18398178 Europe PMC PMID:18815700 Europe PMC PMID:18846414 Europe PMC PMID:19047345 Europe PMC PMID:19244483 Europe PMC PMID:19544990 Europe PMC PMID:19628332 Europe PMC PMID:19812358 Europe PMC PMID:30398859 Europe PMC Reaxys:3648446 Reaxys Sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND sulfate IUPAC sulfate UniProt tetraoxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC SO4(2-) IUPAC SULFATE ION PDBeChem Sulfate anion(2-) HMDB Sulfate dianion HMDB Sulfate(2-) HMDB Sulfuric acid ion(2-) HMDB [SO4](2-) IUPAC sulphate ChEBI sulphate ion ChEBI A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. 0 (C14H21NO12)n CHEBI:14412 CHEBI:24622 CHEBI:24623 CHEBI:5772 Beilstein:8538277 CAS:9004-61-9 HMDB:HMDB0010366 KEGG:C00518 KEGG:D08043 KEGG:G10505 PMID:11122186 PMID:18056362 PMID:18290544 Reaxys:8187837 Wikipedia:Hyaluronan Hyaluronic acid chebi_ontology Hyaluronsaeure [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n acide hyaluronique acido hialuronico hyaluronan CHEBI:16336 hyaluronic acid Beilstein:8538277 Beilstein CAS:9004-61-9 ChemIDplus CAS:9004-61-9 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:11122186 Europe PMC PMID:18056362 Europe PMC PMID:18290544 Europe PMC Reaxys:8187837 Reaxys Hyaluronic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Hyaluronsaeure ChEBI [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n ChEBI [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n KEGG_COMPOUND acide hyaluronique ChEBI acido hialuronico ChEBI hyaluronan ChEBI A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:8526 KEGG:C00017 chebi_ontology Protein a protein polypeptide chain protein polypeptide chains CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain Protein KEGG_COMPOUND a protein UniProt polypeptide chain ChEBI protein polypeptide chains ChEBI Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. CHEBI:15131 CHEBI:23008 CHEBI:9318 Wikipedia:Carbohydrate carbohydrate carbohydrates chebi_ontology Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate a carbohydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum CHEBI:16646 carbohydrate carbohydrate IUPAC carbohydrates IUPAC Kohlenhydrat ChEBI Kohlenhydrate ChEBI a carbohydrate UniProt carbohidrato IUPAC carbohidratos IUPAC glucide ChEBI glucides ChEBI glucido ChEBI glucidos ChEBI hydrates de carbone ChEBI saccharide IUPAC saccharides IUPAC saccharidum ChEBI Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. 0 (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR CHEBI:14753 CHEBI:25906 CHEBI:7990 KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides chebi_ontology Peptid peptido peptidos CHEBI:16670 peptide Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC Peptid ChEBI peptido ChEBI peptidos ChEBI +1 C8H12NO3 InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/p+1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 170.187 170.08117 C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C(C[NH3+])O chebi_ontology noradrenaline CHEBI:166902 noradrenaline(1+) noradrenaline UniProt Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. chebi_ontology glycans CHEBI:167559 glycan glycans ChEBI An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. 0 C10H12N2 InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 160.21570 160.10005 NCCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 CHEBI:15274 CHEBI:27161 CHEBI:46157 CHEBI:9767 Beilstein:125513 CAS:61-54-1 DrugBank:DB08653 Gmelin:603448 HMDB:HMDB0000303 KEGG:C00398 KNApSAcK:C00001434 MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE PDBeChem:TSS PMID:16126914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24345948 PMID:24558969 Reaxys:125513 Wikipedia:Tryptamine 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine Tryptamine chebi_ontology 1H-indole-3-ethanamine 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole CHEBI:16765 tryptamine Beilstein:125513 Beilstein CAS:61-54-1 ChemIDplus CAS:61-54-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:61-54-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:603448 Gmelin PMID:16126914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24345948 Europe PMC PMID:24558969 Europe PMC Reaxys:125513 Reaxys 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine IUPAC Tryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1H-indole-3-ethanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE PDBeChem 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine ChemIDplus 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. 0 C33H36N4O6 InChI=1S/C33H36N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h7-8,13-14,34-35H,1-2,9-12,15H2,3-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b26-13-,27-14- BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-N 584.673 584.26348 CC1=C(C=C)\C(NC1=O)=C\C1=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(CC2=C(CCC(O)=O)C(C)=C(N2)\C=C2/NC(=O)C(C=C)=C2C)N1 CHEBI:13898 CHEBI:22870 CHEBI:3099 Beilstein:74376 CAS:635-65-4 Gmelin:411033 HMDB:HMDB0000054 KEGG:C00486 KNApSAcK:C00029828 MetaCyc:BILIRUBIN PDBeChem:BLR PMID:12799017 PMID:18442622 PMID:23763371 PMID:23768684 PMID:30224965 PMID:8605219 PMID:9587403 Reaxys:74376 Wikipedia:Bilirubin 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bilirubin chebi_ontology 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione Bilirubin bilirubin(Z,Z) bilirubin-IXalpha CHEBI:16990 bilirubin IXalpha 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione JCBN Bilirubin KEGG_COMPOUND bilirubin(Z,Z) ChEBI bilirubin-IXalpha ChEBI Beilstein:74376 Beilstein CAS:635-65-4 ChemIDplus CAS:635-65-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:411033 Gmelin PMID:12799017 Europe PMC PMID:18442622 Europe PMC PMID:23763371 Europe PMC PMID:23768684 Europe PMC PMID:30224965 Europe PMC PMID:8605219 Europe PMC PMID:9587403 Europe PMC Reaxys:74376 Reaxys 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid IUPAC bilirubin IUPAC 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid ChemIDplus 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid ChemIDplus 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid IUPAC High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms. CHEBI:13302 CHEBI:21123 CHEBI:33698 CHEBI:4291 CAS:9007-49-2 KEGG:C00039 Deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acids chebi_ontology (Deoxyribonucleotide)m (Deoxyribonucleotide)n (Deoxyribonucleotide)n+m DNA DNAn DNAn+1 DNS Desoxyribonukleinsaeure deoxyribonucleic acids desoxyribose nucleic acid thymus nucleic acid CHEBI:16991 deoxyribonucleic acid CAS:9007-49-2 ChemIDplus CAS:9007-49-2 KEGG COMPOUND Deoxyribonucleic acid KEGG_COMPOUND deoxyribonucleic acids IUPAC (Deoxyribonucleotide)m KEGG_COMPOUND (Deoxyribonucleotide)n KEGG_COMPOUND (Deoxyribonucleotide)n+m KEGG_COMPOUND DNA IUPAC DNA KEGG_COMPOUND DNA UniProt DNAn KEGG_COMPOUND DNAn+1 KEGG_COMPOUND DNS ChEBI Desoxyribonukleinsaeure ChEBI deoxyribonucleic acids ChEBI desoxyribose nucleic acid ChemIDplus thymus nucleic acid ChEBI A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). 0 COR2 28.010 27.99491 [*]C([*])=O CHEBI:13427 CHEBI:13646 CHEBI:24974 CHEBI:6127 CHEBI:8742 KEGG:C01450 Wikipedia:Ketone Ketone ketones chebi_ontology Keton R-CO-R' a ketone cetone ketones CHEBI:17087 ketone Ketone KEGG_COMPOUND ketones IUPAC Keton ChEBI R-CO-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a ketone UniProt cetone ChEBI ketones ChEBI A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. CHEBI:14349 CHEBI:5481 CHEBI:5493 KEGG:C00326 Glycoprotein glycoproteins chebi_ontology Glykoprotein Glykoproteine a glycoprotein glicoproteina glicoproteinas glycoproteine glycoproteines CHEBI:17089 glycoprotein Glycoprotein KEGG_COMPOUND glycoproteins IUPAC Glykoprotein ChEBI Glykoproteine ChEBI a glycoprotein UniProt glicoproteina ChEBI glicoproteinas ChEBI glycoproteine ChEBI glycoproteines ChEBI An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. 0 C6H12O6 180.15588 180.06339 CHEBI:14313 CHEBI:24277 CHEBI:33929 CHEBI:5418 CAS:50-99-7 KEGG:C00293 Wikipedia:Glucose Glucose gluco-hexose glucose chebi_ontology DL-glucose Glc Glukose CHEBI:17234 glucose CAS:50-99-7 KEGG COMPOUND Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND gluco-hexose IUPAC glucose IUPAC DL-glucose ChEBI Glc JCBN Glukose ChEBI The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. -1 CHO3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-1 BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 61.01684 60.99312 OC([O-])=O CHEBI:13363 CHEBI:22863 CHEBI:40961 CHEBI:5589 Beilstein:3903504 CAS:71-52-3 Gmelin:49249 HMDB:HMDB0000595 KEGG:C00288 MetaCyc:HCO3 PDBeChem:BCT PMID:17215880 PMID:17505962 PMID:18439416 PMID:28732801 PMID:29150416 PMID:29460248 PMID:29466234 PMID:4208463 Wikipedia:Bicarbonate Hydrogencarbonate hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) chebi_ontology Acid carbonate BICARBONATE ION Bicarbonate HCO3(-) HCO3- [CO2(OH)](-) hydrogen carbonate CHEBI:17544 hydrogencarbonate Beilstein:3903504 Beilstein CAS:71-52-3 ChemIDplus Gmelin:49249 Gmelin PMID:17215880 Europe PMC PMID:17505962 Europe PMC PMID:18439416 Europe PMC PMID:28732801 Europe PMC PMID:29150416 Europe PMC PMID:29460248 Europe PMC PMID:29466234 Europe PMC PMID:4208463 Europe PMC Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogencarbonate IUPAC hydrogencarbonate UniProt hydrogencarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) IUPAC Acid carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND BICARBONATE ION PDBeChem Bicarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND HCO3(-) IUPAC HCO3- KEGG_COMPOUND [CO2(OH)](-) IUPAC hydrogen carbonate PDBeChem A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. CHEBI:14517 CHEBI:25054 CHEBI:6486 KEGG:C01356 Lipid lipids chebi_ontology CHEBI:18059 lipid Lipid KEGG_COMPOUND lipids IUPAC Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. CHEBI:14361 CHEBI:24398 CHEBI:5495 KEGG:C02545 Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan chebi_ontology Glykosaminoglykan glicosaminoglicano glycosaminoglycane glycosaminoglycans CHEBI:18085 glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan KEGG_COMPOUND glycosaminoglycan IUPAC Glykosaminoglykan ChEBI glicosaminoglicano IUPAC glycosaminoglycane IUPAC glycosaminoglycans ChEBI Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). CHEBI:14399 CHEBI:24590 CHEBI:5709 GlyGen:G70994MS GlyTouCan:G70994MS KEGG:C00738 Hexose chebi_ontology WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ hexoses CHEBI:18133 hexose Hexose KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ GlyTouCan hexoses ChEBI A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. CHEBI:14864 CHEBI:26205 CHEBI:8322 KEGG:C00420 Polysaccharide polysaccharides chebi_ontology Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos CHEBI:18154 polysaccharide Polysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND polysaccharides IUPAC Glycan KEGG_COMPOUND Glycane ChEBI Glykan ChEBI Glykane ChEBI glycans IUPAC polisacarido ChEBI polisacaridos IUPAC That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. CHEBI:13873 CHEBI:25598 CHEBI:2995 KEGG:C00701 Wikipedia:Nucleobase chebi_ontology Base nucleobases CHEBI:18282 nucleobase Base KEGG_COMPOUND nucleobases ChEBI The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline. 0 C8H11NO3 InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/t8-/m0/s1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 169.17780 169.07389 NC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 CHEBI:1 CHEBI:14668 CHEBI:25592 CHEBI:258884 CHEBI:43725 Beilstein:2804840 Beilstein:4231961 CAS:51-41-2 DrugBank:DB00368 Drug_Central:1960 HMDB:HMDB0000216 KEGG:C00547 KEGG:D00076 KNApSAcK:C00001424 PDBeChem:LNR Reaxys:2804840 Wikipedia:Norepinephrine 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol chebi_ontology (-)-arterenol (-)-noradrenaline (-)-norepinephrine (R)-(-)-norepinephrine (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol (R)-norepinephrine 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Arterenol L-NOREPINEPHRINE L-Noradrenaline Noradrenaline Norepinephrine norepinefrina norepinephrine norepinephrinum CHEBI:18357 (R)-noradrenaline Beilstein:2804840 Beilstein Beilstein:4231961 ChemIDplus CAS:51-41-2 ChemIDplus CAS:51-41-2 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1960 DrugCentral Reaxys:2804840 Reaxys 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC (-)-arterenol ChemIDplus (-)-noradrenaline IUPHAR (-)-norepinephrine ChemIDplus (R)-(-)-norepinephrine ChemIDplus (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol ChemIDplus (R)-norepinephrine ChemIDplus 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol KEGG_COMPOUND Arterenol KEGG_COMPOUND L-NOREPINEPHRINE PDBeChem L-Noradrenaline KEGG_COMPOUND Noradrenaline KEGG_COMPOUND Norepinephrine KEGG_COMPOUND norepinefrina ChEBI norepinephrine ChemIDplus norepinephrine WHO_MedNet norepinephrinum ChEBI A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. -3 O4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3 NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 94.97136 94.95507 [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CHEBI:14791 CHEBI:45024 CHEBI:7793 Beilstein:3903772 CAS:14265-44-2 Gmelin:1997 KEGG:C00009 PDBeChem:PO4 Reaxys:3903772 phosphate tetraoxidophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(V) chebi_ontology Orthophosphate PHOSPHATE ION PO4(3-) Phosphate [PO4](3-) CHEBI:18367 phosphate(3-) Beilstein:3903772 Beilstein CAS:14265-44-2 ChemIDplus CAS:14265-44-2 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1997 Gmelin PDBeChem:PO4 ChEBI Reaxys:3903772 Reaxys phosphate IUPAC tetraoxidophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC Orthophosphate KEGG_COMPOUND PHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem PO4(3-) IUPAC Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND [PO4](3-) IUPAC 0 C24H42 InChI=1S/C24H42/c1-5-8-17(2)20-12-13-21-19-11-10-18-9-6-7-15-23(18,3)22(19)14-16-24(20,21)4/h17-22H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17-,18+,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1 QSHQKIURKJITMZ-OBUPQJQESA-N 330.59028 330.32865 [H][C@@]12CCCC[C@]1(C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@]3(C)[C@]([H])(CC[C@@]3([H])[C@]1([H])CC2)[C@H](C)CCC Beilstein:2048472 5beta-cholane chebi_ontology CHEBI:20664 5beta-cholane Beilstein:2048472 Beilstein 5beta-cholane IUPAC An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl chebi_ontology acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC alkali metals chebi_ontology Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom alkali metals IUPAC Alkalimetall ChEBI Alkalimetalle ChEBI alkali metal ChEBI metal alcalin ChEBI metal alcalino ChEBI metales alcalinos ChEBI metaux alcalins ChEBI Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid alkaloids chebi_ontology Alkaloide alcaloide alcaloides CHEBI:22315 alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI alkaloids IUPAC Alkaloide ChEBI alcaloide ChEBI alcaloides ChEBI chebi_ontology aminoglycans CHEBI:22506 aminoglycan aminoglycans ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. chebi_ontology antioxidants antioxydant antoxidant CHEBI:22586 antioxidant antioxidants ChEBI antioxydant ChEBI antoxidant ChEBI A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI chebi_ontology benzopyrroles CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole benzopyrroles ChEBI A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. KEGG:C01558 chebi_ontology Bile acid bile salts CHEBI:22868 bile salt Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND bile salts ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. 0 CH2NO 44.03272 44.01364 *C(N)=O PMID:24168430 carbamoyl chebi_ontology -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC 0 CO 28.01010 27.99491 O=C(*)* carbonyl carbonyl group chebi_ontology >C=O CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI chebi_ontology Cyclopeptid Zyklopeptid cyclic peptides peptide cyclique peptido ciclico CHEBI:23449 cyclic peptide Cyclopeptid ChEBI Zyklopeptid ChEBI cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique IUPAC peptido ciclico IUPAC Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology drugs medicine CHEBI:23888 drug drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic cations CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor chebi_ontology enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:24384 glycogens A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. heterodetic cyclic peptide chebi_ontology heterodetic cyclic peptides peptide cyclique heterodetique peptido ciclico heterodetico CHEBI:24533 heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodetic cyclic peptide IUPAC heterodetic cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique heterodetique IUPAC peptido ciclico heterodetico IUPAC Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. chebi_ontology endocrine hormones CHEBI:24621 hormone endocrine ChEBI hormones ChEBI Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. chebi_ontology hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids CHEBI:24663 hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids ChEBI Any compound containing an indole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24828 indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids chebi_ontology oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic anions CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic oxides CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxide inorganic oxides ChEBI A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt chebi_ontology Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels CHEBI:24866 salt salt IUPAC Salz ChEBI Salze ChEBI ionic compound ChEBI ionic compounds ChEBI sal ChEBI sales ChEBI salts ChEBI sel ChEBI sels ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic ions CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology organic salts organisches Salz CHEBI:24868 organic salt organic salts ChEBI organisches Salz ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:25046 linear tetrapyrrole Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI chebi_ontology a metal cation metal cations CHEBI:25213 metal cation a metal cation UniProt metal cations ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules CHEBI:25362 elemental molecule homoatomic molecule ChEBI homoatomic molecules ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. chebi_ontology monamines monoamines CHEBI:25375 monoamine molecular messenger monamines ChEBI monoamines ChEBI An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. chebi_ontology monocarboxylic acids CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid monocarboxylic acids ChEBI +1 0.00000 [*+] chebi_ontology monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter chebi_ontology neurotransmitters CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter neurotransmitters ChEBI 0 N 14.007 14.00307 WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology organic cations CHEBI:25697 organic cation organic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion organic ions ChEBI Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group chebi_ontology organic sulfates CHEBI:25704 organic sulfate organic sulfates ChEBI An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. chebi_ontology peptide hormones polypeptide hormone CHEBI:25905 peptide hormone peptide hormones ChEBI polypeptide hormone ChEBI Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphates chebi_ontology phosphates CHEBI:26020 phosphate phosphates IUPAC phosphates ChEBI A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. 0 H3O4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4) NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 97.99520 97.97690 [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[H] Beilstein:1921286 CAS:7664-38-2 Drug_Central:4478 Gmelin:2000 HMDB:HMDB0002142 KEGG:C00009 KEGG:D05467 KNApSAcK:C00007408 PMID:11455380 PMID:15630224 PMID:17439666 PMID:17518491 PMID:22282755 PMID:22333268 PMID:22381614 PMID:22401268 Reaxys:1921286 Wikipedia:Phosphoric_Acid Phosphoric acid phosphoric acid tetraoxophosphoric acid trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) trihydroxidooxidophosphorus chebi_ontology H3PO4 Orthophosphoric acid Phosphate Phosphorsaeure Phosphorsaeureloesungen [PO(OH)3] acide phosphorique acidum phosphoricum orthophosphoric acid CHEBI:26078 phosphoric acid Beilstein:1921286 Beilstein CAS:7664-38-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-38-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-38-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4478 DrugCentral Gmelin:2000 Gmelin PMID:11455380 Europe PMC PMID:15630224 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17518491 Europe PMC PMID:22282755 Europe PMC PMID:22333268 Europe PMC PMID:22381614 Europe PMC PMID:22401268 Europe PMC Reaxys:1921286 Reaxys Phosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND phosphoric acid IUPAC tetraoxophosphoric acid IUPAC trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC trihydroxidooxidophosphorus IUPAC H3PO4 IUPAC Orthophosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphorsaeure ChEBI Phosphorsaeureloesungen ChEBI [PO(OH)3] IUPAC acide phosphorique ChEBI acidum phosphoricum ChEBI orthophosphoric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook chebi_ontology CHEBI:26079 phosphoric acid derivative chebi_ontology phosphorus molecular entities CHEBI:26082 phosphorus molecular entity phosphorus molecular entities ChEBI 0 Na InChI=1S/Na KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22.98977 22.98977 [Na] CAS:7440-23-5 Gmelin:16221 KEGG:C01330 WebElements:Na sodium chebi_ontology 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium CHEBI:26708 sodium atom CAS:7440-23-5 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16221 Gmelin sodium IUPAC 11Na IUPAC Na IUPAC Natrium ChemIDplus natrium IUPAC sodio ChemIDplus sodium ChEBI chebi_ontology sodium compounds sodium molecular entities CHEBI:26712 sodium molecular entity sodium compounds ChEBI sodium molecular entities ChEBI Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. chebi_ontology Natriumsalz Natriumsalze sodium salts CHEBI:26714 sodium salt Natriumsalz ChEBI Natriumsalze ChEBI sodium salts ChEBI Any steroid that acts as hormone. chebi_ontology Steroidhormon Steroidhormone hormona esteroide hormonas esteroideas hormone steroide hormones steroides steroid hormones CHEBI:26764 steroid hormone Steroidhormon ChEBI Steroidhormone ChEBI hormona esteroide ChEBI hormonas esteroideas ChEBI hormone steroide ChEBI hormones steroides ChEBI steroid hormones ChEBI An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. 0 O4SR2 96.06300 95.95173 [*]OS(=O)(=O)O[*] chebi_ontology sulfate ester sulfuric acid ester sulfuric acid esters CHEBI:26819 sulfuric ester sulfate ester ChEBI sulfuric acid ester ChEBI sulfuric acid esters ChEBI Salts and esters of sulfuric acid sulfates chebi_ontology sulfuric acid derivative sulphates CHEBI:26820 sulfates sulfates ChEBI sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulphates ChEBI 0 S InChI=1S/S NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32.06600 31.97207 [S] CAS:7704-34-9 KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 PPDB:605 WebElements:S sulfur chebi_ontology 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion CHEBI:26833 sulfur atom CAS:7704-34-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7704-34-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook sulfur IUPAC 16S IUPAC Elemental sulfur KEGG_COMPOUND S IUPAC S KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefel ChEBI azufre ChEBI soufre ChEBI sulfur ChEBI sulfur UniProt sulphur ChEBI theion IUPAC sulfur molecular entity chebi_ontology sulfur molecular entities CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entity ChEBI sulfur molecular entities ChEBI A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. 0 H2O4S InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4) QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 98.07948 97.96738 [H]OS(=O)(=O)O[H] CAS:7664-93-9 Gmelin:2122 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 KNApSAcK:C00007530 MolBase:4 PMID:13568755 PMID:16122922 PMID:19397353 PMID:22047659 PMID:22136045 PMID:22204399 PMID:22267186 PMID:22296037 PMID:22364556 PMID:22435616 PPDB:606 Reaxys:2037554 Wikipedia:Sulfuric_acid Sulfuric acid dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate dihydroxidodioxidosulfur hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) sulfuric acid tetraoxosulfuric acid chebi_ontology Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid CHEBI:26836 sulfuric acid CAS:7664-93-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-93-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-93-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2122 Gmelin PMID:13568755 Europe PMC PMID:16122922 Europe PMC PMID:19397353 Europe PMC PMID:22047659 Europe PMC PMID:22136045 Europe PMC PMID:22204399 Europe PMC PMID:22267186 Europe PMC PMID:22296037 Europe PMC PMID:22364556 Europe PMC PMID:22435616 Europe PMC Reaxys:2037554 Reaxys Sulfuric acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidosulfur IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC sulfuric acid ChEBI sulfuric acid IUPAC tetraoxosulfuric acid IUPAC Acide sulfurique ChemIDplus Acido sulfurico ChemIDplus Acidum sulfuricum ChemIDplus H2SO4 IUPAC Schwefelsaeureloesungen ChemIDplus [S(OH)2O2] MolBase [SO2(OH)2] IUPAC sulphuric acid MolBase A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole tetrapyrroles chebi_ontology a tetrapyrrole CHEBI:26932 tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole IUPAC tetrapyrroles IUPAC a tetrapyrrole UniProt Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient chebi_ontology micronutrients trace elements CHEBI:27027 micronutrient micronutrients ChEBI trace elements ChEBI Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27162 tryptamines chebi_ontology heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions chebi_ontology compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds CHEBI:27369 zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. CHEBI:24379 CHEBI:5466 CAS:9005-79-2 GlyGen:G99991IU GlyTouCan:G99991IU HMDB:HMDB0000757 KEGG:C00182 MetaCyc:CPD0-971 Wikipedia:Glycogen Glycogen chebi_ontology WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1 animal starch liver starch CHEBI:28087 glycogen CAS:9005-79-2 ChemIDplus CAS:9005-79-2 KEGG COMPOUND Glycogen KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1 GlyTouCan animal starch ChemIDplus liver starch ChemIDplus A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. 0 CH3NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 61.04006 61.01638 NC(O)=O CHEBI:22504 CHEBI:23002 CHEBI:3386 CHEBI:44573 Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid chebi_ontology Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus CAS:463-77-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI 0 P InChI=1S/P OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 30.97376 30.97376 [P] CHEBI:26080 CHEBI:8168 CAS:7723-14-0 Gmelin:16235 KEGG:C06262 WebElements:P phosphorus chebi_ontology 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom CAS:7723-14-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7723-14-0 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16235 Gmelin phosphorus IUPAC 15P IUPAC P IUPAC P KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphor ChEBI Phosphorus KEGG_COMPOUND fosforo ChEBI phosphore ChEBI phosphorus ChEBI A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. 0 C10H12N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 176.215 176.09496 C1=CC(=CC=2C(=CNC12)CCN)O CHEBI:1420 CHEBI:26652 CHEBI:49894 Beilstein:143524 CAS:50-67-9 Gmelin:1861995 HMDB:HMDB0000259 KEGG:C00780 KNApSAcK:C00001429 LINCS:LSM-6589 MetaCyc:SEROTONIN PDBeChem:SRO PMID:18593914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24136337 Reaxys:143524 Wikipedia:Serotonin 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol SEROTONIN Serotonin chebi_ontology 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol 5-HT 5-Hydroxytryptamine Enteramine serotonine thrombocytin thrombotonin CHEBI:28790 serotonin Beilstein:143524 Beilstein CAS:50-67-9 ChemIDplus CAS:50-67-9 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1861995 Gmelin PMID:18593914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24136337 Europe PMC Reaxys:143524 Reaxys 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol IUPAC SEROTONIN PDBeChem Serotonin KEGG_COMPOUND 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol KEGG_COMPOUND 5-HT IUPHAR 5-Hydroxytryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND Enteramine KEGG_COMPOUND serotonine ChEBI thrombocytin ChemIDplus thrombotonin ChemIDplus An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. +1 H4N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 18.03850 18.03383 [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:22534 CHEBI:49783 CHEBI:7435 CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium chebi_ontology Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14798-03-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. -2 C2O4R 88.019 87.97966 [O-]C(=O)[*]C([O-])=O CHEBI:13632 CHEBI:23688 CHEBI:23689 CHEBI:38711 dicarboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology a dicarboxylate dicarboxylate dicarboxylates dicarboxylic acid dianions CHEBI:28965 dicarboxylic acid dianion dicarboxylic acid dianion ChEBI a dicarboxylate UniProt dicarboxylate ChEBI dicarboxylates ChEBI dicarboxylic acid dianions ChEBI 0 CH2O3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4) BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 62.02478 62.00039 OC(O)=O CHEBI:13351 CHEBI:23017 CHEBI:23744 CHEBI:3401 CAS:463-79-6 Gmelin:25554 KEGG:C01353 PDBeChem:CO3 Carbonic acid carbonic acid dihydroxidooxidocarbon chebi_ontology Dihydrogen carbonate H2CO3 Koehlensaeure [CO(OH)2] CHEBI:28976 carbonic acid CAS:463-79-6 ChemIDplus CAS:463-79-6 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:25554 Gmelin Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbonic acid IUPAC dihydroxidooxidocarbon IUPAC Dihydrogen carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND H2CO3 IUPAC H2CO3 KEGG_COMPOUND Koehlensaeure ChEBI [CO(OH)2] IUPAC The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13626 CHEBI:13945 CHEBI:23026 CHEBI:58657 chebi_ontology a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. +1 Na InChI=1S/Na/q+1 FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22.98977 22.98922 [Na+] CHEBI:26717 CHEBI:49766 CHEBI:9175 CAS:17341-25-2 Gmelin:15196 KEGG:C01330 PDBeChem:NA sodium cation sodium(1+) sodium(1+) ion sodium(I) cation chebi_ontology Na(+) Na+ SODIUM ION CHEBI:29101 sodium(1+) CAS:17341-25-2 ChemIDplus CAS:17341-25-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:15196 Gmelin sodium cation IUPAC sodium(1+) IUPAC sodium(1+) ion IUPAC sodium(I) cation IUPAC Na(+) IUPAC Na(+) UniProt Na+ KEGG_COMPOUND SODIUM ION PDBeChem -1 H2N InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.02262 16.01927 [H][N-][H] amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) chebi_ontology NH2(-) CHEBI:29337 azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. -2 HN InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.01468 15.01200 [N--][H] azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) chebi_ontology NH(2-) imide CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC +1 HO2 InChI=1S/O2/c1-2/p+1 MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 33.00674 32.99711 [H][O+]=O Gmelin:508 dioxidenium hydridodioxygen(1+) chebi_ontology HO2(+) HOO(+) [HO2](+) CHEBI:29793 hydridodioxygen(1+) Gmelin:508 Gmelin dioxidenium IUPAC hydridodioxygen(1+) IUPAC HO2(+) IUPAC HOO(+) ChEBI [HO2](+) ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. -1 C2H3O2 InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)/p-1 QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 59.04402 59.01385 CC([O-])=O CHEBI:13704 CHEBI:22165 CHEBI:40480 Beilstein:1901470 CAS:71-50-1 DrugBank:DB03166 Gmelin:1379 KEGG:C00033 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PMID:17190852 PMID:22211106 PMID:22371380 Reaxys:1901470 UM-BBD_compID:c0050 Wikipedia:Acetate acetate chebi_ontology ACETATE ION Azetat CH3-COO(-) Ethanoat MeCO2 anion acetic acid, ion(1-) ethanoate CHEBI:30089 acetate Beilstein:1901470 Beilstein CAS:71-50-1 ChemIDplus CAS:71-50-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1379 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:22211106 Europe PMC PMID:22371380 Europe PMC Reaxys:1901470 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0050 UM-BBD acetate IUPAC acetate UniProt ACETATE ION PDBeChem Azetat ChEBI CH3-COO(-) IUPAC Ethanoat ChEBI MeCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acetic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus ethanoate ChEBI Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. 0 0.0 0.0 * CHEBI:10581 CHEBI:14383 KEGG:C00205 photon chebi_ontology Lichtquant Light foton gamma hnu light quantum CHEBI:30212 photon photon IUPAC Lichtquant ChEBI Light KEGG_COMPOUND foton ChEBI gamma IUPAC hnu IUPAC hnu UniProt light quantum ChEBI Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. KEGG:C01558 Bile acid chebi_ontology 5beta-bile acid 5beta-bile acids Bile salt Gallensaeure Gallensaeuren bile acids CHEBI:3098 bile acid Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND 5beta-bile acid ChEBI 5beta-bile acids ChEBI Bile salt KEGG_COMPOUND Gallensaeure ChEBI Gallensaeuren ChEBI bile acids ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:13814 CHEBI:22474 CHEBI:2641 KEGG:C00706 Amine amines chebi_ontology Amin Substituted amine CHEBI:32952 amine Amine KEGG_COMPOUND amines IUPAC Amin ChEBI Substituted amine KEGG_COMPOUND An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. chebi_ontology atomic entity monoatomic entities CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI chebi_ontology oxoacid derivatives CHEBI:33241 oxoacid derivative oxoacid derivatives ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. chebi_ontology organic fundamental parents organic parent hydrides CHEBI:33245 organic fundamental parent organic fundamental parents ChEBI organic parent hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology organic groups CHEBI:33247 organic group organic groups ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups chebi_ontology groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo CHEBI:33249 organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33262 elemental oxygen 0 O2 31.999 31.98983 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33263 diatomic oxygen An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI chebi_ontology chemical messenger CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger chemical messenger ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. CHEBI:22582 PMID:12964249 PMID:22117953 PMID:22439833 PMID:22849268 PMID:22849276 PMID:22958833 chebi_ontology Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent PMID:12964249 Europe PMC PMID:22117953 Europe PMC PMID:22439833 Europe PMC PMID:22849268 Europe PMC PMID:22849276 Europe PMC PMID:22958833 Europe PMC Antibiotika ChEBI Antibiotikum ChEBI antibiotic ChEBI antibiotics ChEBI antibiotique IUPAC antimicrobial ChEBI antimicrobial agents ChEBI antimicrobials ChEBI microbicide ChEBI microbicides ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. Wikipedia:Agrochemical chebi_ontology agrichemical agrichemicals agricultural chemicals agrochemicals CHEBI:33286 agrochemical agrichemical ChEBI agrichemicals ChEBI agricultural chemicals ChEBI agrochemicals ChEBI A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. chebi_ontology fertiliser fertilizers CHEBI:33287 fertilizer fertiliser ChEBI fertilizers ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. chebi_ontology alkali metal molecular entities CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity alkali metal molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen PMID:17084588 Europe PMC chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. 0 CO2R2 44.010 43.98983 [*]C(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13204 CHEBI:23028 CHEBI:3408 KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester carboxylic esters chebi_ontology a carboxylic ester carboxylic acid esters CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND carboxylic esters IUPAC a carboxylic ester UniProt carboxylic acid esters ChEBI An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI chebi_ontology oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids CHEBI:33402 sulfur oxoacid oxoacids of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoacids ChEBI chebi_ontology pnictogen oxoacids CHEBI:33408 pnictogen oxoacid pnictogen oxoacids ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology sulfur oxoacid derivatives CHEBI:33424 sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivative ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivatives ChEBI A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. phosphorus oxoacid chebi_ontology Oxosaeure des Phosphors oxoacids of phosphorus phosphorus oxoacids CHEBI:33457 phosphorus oxoacid phosphorus oxoacid ChEBI Oxosaeure des Phosphors ChEBI oxoacids of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoacids ChEBI pnictogen oxoanion chebi_ontology pnictogen oxoanions CHEBI:33459 pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion ChEBI pnictogen oxoanions ChEBI phosphorus oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoanions of phosphorus phosphorus oxoanions CHEBI:33461 phosphorus oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoanions ChEBI sulfur oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions CHEBI:33482 sulfur oxoanion sulfur oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoanions ChEBI chalcogen oxoacid chebi_ontology chalcogen oxoacids CHEBI:33484 chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacid ChEBI chalcogen oxoacids ChEBI chalcogen oxoanion chebi_ontology chalcogen oxoanions CHEBI:33485 chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanion ChEBI chalcogen oxoanions ChEBI chebi_ontology alkali metal cations CHEBI:33504 alkali metal cation alkali metal cations ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:25217 CHEBI:6788 KEGG:C00050 PMID:21784043 Wikipedia:Metal chebi_ontology elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals CHEBI:33521 metal atom PMID:21784043 Europe PMC elemental metal ChEBI elemental metals ChEBI metal element ChEBI metal elements ChEBI metals ChEBI An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. 0 C6H2O2R4 106.079 106.00548 OC1=C(O)C(*)=C(*)C(*)=C1* CHEBI:134187 CHEBI:13628 CHEBI:18862 KEGG:C15571 chebi_ontology 1,2-benzenediols a catechol benzene-1,2-diols CHEBI:33566 catechols 1,2-benzenediols ChEBI a catechol UniProt benzene-1,2-diols ChEBI 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. 0 C8H9NO2R2 151.163 151.06333 CHEBI:23056 CHEBI:3468 KEGG:C02012 Catecholamine catecholamines chebi_ontology catecholamines CHEBI:33567 catecholamine Catecholamine KEGG_COMPOUND catecholamines IUPAC catecholamines ChEBI A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. 0 C8H11NO3 InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 169.17788 169.07389 NCC(O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 Beilstein:2210994 CAS:138-65-8 Gmelin:863925 LINCS:LSM-5181 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol chebi_ontology noradrenalina norepinephrine CHEBI:33569 noradrenaline Beilstein:2210994 Beilstein CAS:138-65-8 ChemIDplus CAS:138-65-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:863925 Gmelin 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC noradrenalina ChEBI norepinephrine ChEBI CHEBI:22705 CHEBI:22711 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33570 benzenediols The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline. 0 C8H11NO3 InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/t8-/m1/s1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-MRVPVSSYSA-N 169.17788 169.07389 NC[C@@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1 Beilstein:2937999 LINCS:LSM-37072 Reaxys:2937999 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol chebi_ontology CHEBI:33571 (S)-noradrenaline Beilstein:2937999 Beilstein Reaxys:2937999 Reaxys 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic compounds CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound polycyclic compounds ChEBI A molecule that features two fused rings. chebi_ontology bicyclic compounds CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound bicyclic compounds ChEBI A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity chebi_ontology aromatics aromatische Verbindungen CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound aromatic compounds IUPAC aromatic molecular entity IUPAC aromatics ChEBI aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds chebi_ontology polyheterocyclic compounds CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound heteropolycyclic compounds IUPAC polyheterocyclic compounds ChEBI A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds IUPAC An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides oxygen hydride chebi_ontology hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride oxygen hydride ChEBI hydrides of oxygen ChEBI oxygen hydrides ChEBI A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI chebi_ontology genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acids chebi_ontology NA Nukleinsaeure Nukleinsaeuren acide nucleique acides nucleiques acido nucleico acidos nucleicos CHEBI:33696 nucleic acid nucleic acids IUPAC NA ChEBI Nukleinsaeure ChEBI Nukleinsaeuren ChEBI acide nucleique ChEBI acides nucleiques ChEBI acido nucleico ChEBI acidos nucleicos ChEBI High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. CAS:63231-63-0 ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids chebi_ontology RNA RNS Ribonukleinsaeure pentosenucleic acids ribonucleic acids ribose nucleic acid yeast nucleic acid CHEBI:33697 ribonucleic acid CAS:63231-63-0 ChemIDplus ribonucleic acid IUPAC ribonucleic acids IUPAC RNA IUPAC RNA UniProt RNS ChEBI Ribonukleinsaeure ChEBI pentosenucleic acids ChemIDplus ribonucleic acids ChEBI ribose nucleic acid ChEBI yeast nucleic acid ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residues common amino acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residues standard amino acid residues standard amino-acid residues CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residue ChEBI canonical amino-acid residues ChEBI common amino acid residues ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid residues ChEBI standard amino acid residues ChEBI standard amino-acid residues ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic cations CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 NC([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:10208 CHEBI:13779 CHEBI:22442 CHEBI:2642 KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid chebi_ontology Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino-acid residue chebi_ontology amino acid residue amino-acid residues CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue amino-acid residue IUPAC amino acid residue ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids CHEBI:33709 amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI chebi_ontology alpha-amino-acid residues CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residues ChEBI carbohydrate acid chebi_ontology carbohydrate acids CHEBI:33720 carbohydrate acid carbohydrate acid ChEBI carbohydrate acids ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion chebi_ontology carbohydrate acid anions CHEBI:33721 carbohydrate acid anion carbohydrate acid anion ChEBI carbohydrate acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical nucleoside residues common nucleoside residues nucleoside residue standard nucleoside residues CHEBI:33791 canonical nucleoside residue canonical nucleoside residues ChEBI common nucleoside residues CBN nucleoside residue CBN standard nucleoside residues ChEBI chebi_ontology N Nuc canonical ribonucleoside residues common ribonucleoside residue common ribonucleoside residues standard ribonucleoside residues CHEBI:33792 canonical ribonucleoside residue N CBN Nuc CBN canonical ribonucleoside residues ChEBI common ribonucleoside residue CBN common ribonucleoside residues CBN standard ribonucleoside residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical deoxyribonucleoside residues common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residue common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residues dN dNuc standard deoxyribonucleoside residues CHEBI:33793 canonical deoxyribonucleoside residue canonical deoxyribonucleoside residues ChEBI common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residue CBN common 2'-deoxyribonucleoside residues CBN dN CBN dNuc CBN standard deoxyribonucleoside residues ChEBI An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:64710 hydroxy compounds chebi_ontology organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound hydroxy compounds IUPAC organic alcohol ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes chebi_ontology hetarenes CHEBI:33833 heteroarene heteroarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. COMe:PRX000001 conjugated proteins chebi_ontology complex protein CHEBI:33837 conjugated protein conjugated proteins IUPAC complex protein COMe A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. 0 C6HOR5 89.072 89.00274 C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1*)*)*)*)*)O CHEBI:13664 CHEBI:13825 CHEBI:25969 CHEBI:2857 KEGG:C15584 MetaCyc:Phenols Wikipedia:Phenols phenols chebi_ontology Aryl alcohol a phenol arenols CHEBI:33853 phenols phenols IUPAC Aryl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a phenol UniProt arenols IUPAC A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. CHEBI:2558 aldohexose chebi_ontology aldohexoses CHEBI:33917 aldohexose aldohexose ChEBI aldohexoses ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology macronutrients CHEBI:33937 macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H13N2O InChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c11-4-3-7-6-12-10-2-1-8(13)5-9(7)10/h1-2,5-6,12-13H,3-4,11H2/p+1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 177.22250 177.10224 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccc(O)cc12 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology serotonin serotonin cation CHEBI:350546 serotonin(1+) 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC serotonin UniProt serotonin cation ChEBI chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology azanes CHEBI:35107 azane azanes ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor chebi_ontology inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors CHEBI:35222 inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. catalyst chebi_ontology Katalysator catalizador catalyseur CHEBI:35223 catalyst catalyst IUPAC Katalysator ChEBI catalizador ChEBI catalyseur ChEBI The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35238 amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. +1 NR4 14.00670 14.00307 [*][N+]([*])([*])[*] CHEBI:26470 CHEBI:8693 KEGG:C06703 quaternary ammonium ion chebi_ontology Quaternary amine a quaternary ammonium quaternary ammonium ions CHEBI:35267 quaternary ammonium ion quaternary ammonium ion IUPAC Quaternary amine KEGG_COMPOUND a quaternary ammonium UniProt quaternary ammonium ions ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). chebi_ontology ammonium ion derivatives azanium ion derivative azanium ion derivatives CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative ammonium ion derivatives ChEBI azanium ion derivative ChEBI azanium ion derivatives ChEBI A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. +1 C6H13NO2R 131.17290 131.09463 C[N+](C)(C)CCOC([*])=O CHEBI:13245 CHEBI:22227 CHEBI:2463 KEGG:C01777 chebi_ontology acylcholines an acylcholine CHEBI:35287 acylcholine acylcholines ChEBI an acylcholine UniProt Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. 0 C19H31R 259.450 259.24258 C12C(C3C(C(CC3)*)(C)CC1)CCC4C2(CCCC4)C CHEBI:13687 CHEBI:26768 CHEBI:9263 KEGG:C00377 MetaCyc:Steroids Steroid steroids chebi_ontology a steroid CHEBI:35341 steroid Steroid KEGG_COMPOUND steroids IUPAC a steroid UniProt CHEBI:24748 CHEBI:5814 KEGG:C02159 chebi_ontology Hydroxysteroid hydroxy steroids hydroxysteroids CHEBI:35350 hydroxy steroid Hydroxysteroid KEGG_COMPOUND hydroxy steroids ChEBI hydroxysteroids ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. CHEBI:25407 CHEBI:6984 KEGG:C06698 Monosaccharide monosaccharides chebi_ontology Monosaccharid Monosacharid monosacarido monosacaridos CHEBI:35381 monosaccharide Monosaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND monosaccharides IUPAC Monosaccharid ChEBI Monosacharid ChEBI monosacarido ChEBI monosacaridos IUPAC An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:33274 CHEBI:33436 oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoacid anions oxoanions CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. chebi_ontology anti-inflammatory drugs antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory drug antiinflammatory drugs CHEBI:35472 anti-inflammatory drug anti-inflammatory drugs ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory drug ChEBI antiinflammatory drugs ChEBI chebi_ontology alkali metal salts CHEBI:35479 alkali metal salt alkali metal salts ChEBI natural product fundamental parents chebi_ontology CHEBI:35507 natural product fundamental parent natural product fundamental parents IUPAC chebi_ontology steroid fundamental parents CHEBI:35508 steroid fundamental parent steroid fundamental parents ChEBI 0 C24H42 InChI=1S/C24H42/c1-5-8-17(2)20-12-13-21-19-11-10-18-9-6-7-15-23(18,3)22(19)14-16-24(20,21)4/h17-22H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t17-,18?,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1 QSHQKIURKJITMZ-BRPMRXRMSA-N 330.59028 330.32865 [H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CCC4CCCC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC cholane chebi_ontology CHEBI:35519 cholane cholane IUPAC A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. chebi_ontology sympathomimetic sympathomimetics CHEBI:35524 sympathomimetic agent sympathomimetic ChEBI sympathomimetics ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. chebi_ontology cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology alpha-adrenergic agonists alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist alpha-adrenoceptor agonists CHEBI:35569 alpha-adrenergic agonist alpha-adrenergic agonists ChEBI alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI alpha-adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion chebi_ontology carbon oxoanions oxocarbon anion oxocarbon anions CHEBI:35604 carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanion ChEBI carbon oxoanions ChEBI oxocarbon anion ChEBI oxocarbon anions ChEBI chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology vasodilator vasodilator agents CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. CHEBI:23692 CHEBI:36172 CHEBI:4501 KEGG:C02028 Dicarboxylic acid chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acids CHEBI:35692 dicarboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND dicarboxylic acids ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anion chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35693 dicarboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid anion ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anions ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. CHEBI:23960 CHEBI:4859 KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester chebi_ontology esters CHEBI:35701 ester Ester KEGG_COMPOUND esters ChEBI chebi_ontology glycosaminoglycan sulfate glycosaminoglycan sulfates sulfated glycosaminoglycans CHEBI:35722 sulfated glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan sulfate ChEBI glycosaminoglycan sulfates ChEBI sulfated glycosaminoglycans ChEBI chebi_ontology carbohydrate sulfates carbohydrate sulphates CHEBI:35724 carbohydrate sulfate carbohydrate sulfates ChEBI carbohydrate sulphates ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.01000 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13657 CHEBI:25382 CHEBI:3407 KEGG:C00060 chebi_ontology Carboxylate Monocarboxylate a monocarboxylate monocarboxylates monocarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion Carboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND Monocarboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND a monocarboxylate UniProt monocarboxylates ChEBI monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. chebi_ontology Pi phosphate phosphate ions CHEBI:35780 phosphate ion Pi ChEBI phosphate ChEBI phosphate ions ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. chebi_ontology neurotransmitter agents CHEBI:35942 neurotransmitter agent neurotransmitter agents ChEBI CHEBI:22867 CHEBI:50419 LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 chebi_ontology bile acids and derivatives cholanoids CHEBI:36078 cholanoid LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 LIPID MAPS bile acids and derivatives LIPID_MAPS cholanoids ChEBI A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 proteins chebi_ontology CHEBI:36080 protein proteins IUPAC chebi_ontology bile acid anions CHEBI:36235 bile acid anion bile acid anions ChEBI A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. 0 C24H40O2 InChI=1S/C24H40O2/c1-16(7-12-22(25)26)19-10-11-20-18-9-8-17-6-4-5-14-23(17,2)21(18)13-15-24(19,20)3/h16-21H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t16-,17?,18+,19-,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1 RPKLZQLYODPWTM-KBMWBBLPSA-N 360.57320 360.30283 [H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CCC4CCCC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O CAS:25312-65-6 Patent:JP2008069152 Reaxys:13246008 cholan-24-oic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:36237 cholanic acid CAS:25312-65-6 ChemIDplus Reaxys:13246008 Reaxys cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC 0 C24H40O2 InChI=1S/C24H40O2/c1-16(7-12-22(25)26)19-10-11-20-18-9-8-17-6-4-5-14-23(17,2)21(18)13-15-24(19,20)3/h16-21H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t16-,17+,18+,19-,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1 RPKLZQLYODPWTM-LVVAJZGHSA-N 360.57320 360.30283 [H][C@@]12CCCC[C@]1(C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@]3(C)[C@]([H])(CC[C@@]3([H])[C@]1([H])CC2)[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O Beilstein:3214794 CAS:546-18-9 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid 5beta-cholanic acid chebi_ontology (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid 5beta-cholanoic acid ursocholanic acid CHEBI:36238 5beta-cholanic acid Beilstein:3214794 Beilstein CAS:546-18-9 ChemIDplus LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 LIPID MAPS 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC 5beta-cholanic acid ChemIDplus (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid ChemIDplus (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid ChemIDplus 5beta-cholanoic acid ChemIDplus ursocholanic acid ChemIDplus Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36248 5beta-cholanic acids A salt of a bile acid. chebi_ontology bile acid salts CHEBI:36277 bile acid salt bile acid salts ChEBI CHEBI:23166 CHEBI:23211 chebi_ontology CHEBI:36278 cholanic acids Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. boson chebi_ontology bosons CHEBI:36341 boson boson IUPAC bosons ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron hadrons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI phosphorus oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:36359 phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:36360 phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds chebi_ontology organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36735 biladienes chalcogen hydride chebi_ontology chalcogen hydrides CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydride ChEBI chalcogen hydrides ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic ions CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic cations CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Kation Kationen cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acids chebi_ontology chalcocarbonic acids CHEBI:36961 chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acid ChEBI chalcocarbonic acids IUPAC chalcocarbonic acids ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI amino-acid anion chebi_ontology amino acid anions amino-acid anions CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. C12H22O11(C6H10O5)n CHEBI:24255 CHEBI:5392 CAS:9037-91-6 KEGG:C01379 Glucan glucan chebi_ontology glucans CHEBI:37163 glucan CAS:9037-91-6 ChemIDplus Glucan KEGG_COMPOUND glucan IUPAC glucans ChEBI Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. homopolysaccharide chebi_ontology homoglycan homopolysaccharides CHEBI:37164 homopolysaccharide homopolysaccharide IUPAC homoglycan IUPAC homopolysaccharides ChEBI chebi_ontology organic hydrides CHEBI:37175 organic hydride organic hydrides ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:37246 elemental sodium Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. CHEBI:25425 CHEBI:7011 KEGG:C05114 Mucopolysaccharide mucopolysaccharides chebi_ontology Mucopolysaccharid Mukopolysaccharid mucopolisacarido mucopolisacaridos CHEBI:37395 mucopolysaccharide Mucopolysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND mucopolysaccharides IUPAC Mucopolysaccharid ChEBI Mukopolysaccharid ChEBI mucopolisacarido ChEBI mucopolisacaridos IUPAC An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI sulfuric acid derivative chebi_ontology sulfuric acid derivatives CHEBI:37826 sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulfuric acid derivatives ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group chebi_ontology carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology adrenergic agonists adrenergic receptor agonist adrenoceptor agonists adrenomimetic adrenomimetics CHEBI:37886 adrenergic agonist adrenergic agonists ChEBI adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR adrenomimetic ChEBI adrenomimetics ChEBI Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. chebi_ontology adrenergic agents adrenergic drug adrenergic drugs adrenergic neuron agents adrenergics CHEBI:37962 adrenergic agent adrenergic agents ChEBI adrenergic drug ChEBI adrenergic drugs ChEBI adrenergic neuron agents ChEBI adrenergics ChEBI A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. Beilstein:8538310 chebi_ontology PPys poly(pyrrole)s polypyrroles CHEBI:38077 polypyrrole Beilstein:8538310 Beilstein PPys ChEBI poly(pyrrole)s ChEBI polypyrroles ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI CHEBI:25429 CHEBI:38075 chebi_ontology organic heteropolycyclic compounds CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene polycyclic heteroarenes ChEBI Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. chebi_ontology cholinergic agent cholinergic drugs cholinomimetic CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug cholinergic agent ChEBI cholinergic drugs ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. chebi_ontology acetylcholine agonist acetylcholine agonists acetylcholine receptor agonist cholinergic agonists cholinomimetic cholinomimetics CHEBI:38324 cholinergic agonist acetylcholine agonist ChEBI acetylcholine agonists ChEBI acetylcholine receptor agonist IUPHAR cholinergic agonists ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI cholinomimetics ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. chebi_ontology muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists muscarinic cholinergic agonist muscarinic cholinergic agonists CHEBI:38325 muscarinic agonist muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ChEBI muscarinic agonists ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonist ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonists ChEBI CHEBI:22503 CHEBI:24792 chebi_ontology aminoalkylindoles CHEBI:38631 aminoalkylindole aminoalkylindoles ChEBI organic sodium salt chebi_ontology organic sodium salts CHEBI:38700 organic sodium salt organic sodium salt ChEBI organic sodium salts ChEBI Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. carboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology carboxylic acid dianions CHEBI:38716 carboxylic acid dianion carboxylic acid dianion ChEBI carboxylic acid dianions ChEBI An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. CHEBI:24795 CHEBI:5901 KEGG:C06073 Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid Indole alkaloid chebi_ontology indole alkaloids CHEBI:38958 indole alkaloid Indole alkaloid KEGG_COMPOUND indole alkaloids ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base chebi_ontology Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor CHEBI:39144 Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. -1 H2O4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1 NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 96.98724 96.96962 [H]OP([O-])(=O)O[H] CHEBI:29137 CHEBI:39739 DrugBank:DB02831 Gmelin:1999 PDBeChem:2HP dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) dihydrogenphosphate dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) chebi_ontology DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION H2PO4(-) [PO2(OH)2](-) CHEBI:39745 dihydrogenphosphate Gmelin:1999 Gmelin dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) IUPAC dihydrogenphosphate IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) IUPAC DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem H2PO4(-) IUPAC [PO2(OH)2](-) IUPAC -2 CO3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-2 BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 60.00890 59.98584 [O-]C([O-])=O CHEBI:29201 CHEBI:41605 Beilstein:3600898 CAS:3812-32-6 Gmelin:1559 PDBeChem:CO3 carbonate trioxidocarbonate(2-) chebi_ontology CARBONATE ION CO3(2-) Karbonat [CO3](2-) CHEBI:41609 carbonate Beilstein:3600898 Beilstein CAS:3812-32-6 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1559 Gmelin carbonate IUPAC trioxidocarbonate(2-) IUPAC CARBONATE ION PDBeChem CO3(2-) ChEBI Karbonat ChEBI [CO3](2-) IUPAC 0 HO 17.00734 17.00274 *O[H] CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. -2 HO4P InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-2 NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 95.97930 95.96234 OP([O-])([O-])=O CHEBI:29139 CHEBI:43470 Gmelin:1998 MolBase:1628 PDBeChem:PI PDBeChem:PO4 hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) hydrogenphosphate hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) chebi_ontology HPO4(2-) HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP [P(OH)O3](2-) [PO3(OH)](2-) hydrogen phosphate phosphate CHEBI:43474 hydrogenphosphate Gmelin:1998 Gmelin hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) IUPAC hydrogenphosphate IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) IUPAC HPO4(2-) IUPAC HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP PDBeChem [P(OH)O3](2-) MolBase [PO3(OH)](2-) IUPAC hydrogen phosphate ChEBI phosphate UniProt -1 HO4S InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)/p-1 QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 97.07154 96.96010 [H]OS([O-])(=O)=O CHEBI:29199 CHEBI:45693 Gmelin:2121 hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) hydrogensulfate hydrogensulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) chebi_ontology HSO4(-) HYDROGEN SULFATE [SO3(OH)](-) CHEBI:45696 hydrogensulfate Gmelin:2121 Gmelin hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogensulfate IUPAC hydrogensulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC HSO4(-) IUPAC HYDROGEN SULFATE PDBeChem [SO3(OH)](-) IUPAC 0 O 15.99940 15.99491 O=* CHEBI:29353 CHEBI:44607 PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo chebi_ontology =O CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). Wikipedia:Mineral mineral chebi_ontology Minerale minerales minerals mineraux CHEBI:46662 mineral mineral ChEBI Minerale ChEBI minerales ChEBI minerals ChEBI mineraux ChEBI chebi_ontology phosphate minerals CHEBI:46723 phosphate mineral phosphate minerals ChEBI A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent chebi_ontology Loesungsmittel solvant solvents CHEBI:46787 solvent Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI 0 CHO2 45.01744 44.99765 *C(=O)O CHEBI:23025 CHEBI:41420 PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy chebi_ontology -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. 0 C2H3O2R 59.04400 59.01330 CC(=O)O[*] CHEBI:13244 CHEBI:13799 CHEBI:22189 CHEBI:2406 KEGG:C01883 Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters chebi_ontology Acetic ester Acetyl ester acetate acetate esters acetates acetyl esters an acetyl ester CHEBI:47622 acetate ester Acetic ester KEGG_COMPOUND Acetyl ester KEGG_COMPOUND acetate ChEBI acetate esters ChEBI acetates ChEBI acetyl esters ChEBI an acetyl ester UniProt Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. chebi_ontology steroid acids CHEBI:47891 steroid acid steroid acids ChEBI chebi_ontology Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides CHEBI:48154 sulfur oxide Schwefeloxide ChEBI oxides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxides ChEBI A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent chebi_ontology polar solvents CHEBI:48354 polar solvent polar solvent IUPAC polar solvents ChEBI A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:48356 protic solvent protogenic solvent IUPAC Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. chebi_ontology alpha-adrenergic drugs CHEBI:48539 alpha-adrenergic drug alpha-adrenergic drugs ChEBI Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. agonist chebi_ontology agonista agoniste agonists CHEBI:48705 agonist agonist IUPAC agonista ChEBI agoniste ChEBI agonists ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid. chebi_ontology steroid acid anions CHEBI:50160 steroid acid anion steroid acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical nucleotide residues CHEBI:50297 canonical nucleotide residue canonical nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical deoxyribonucleotide residues CHEBI:50298 canonical deoxyribonucleotide residue canonical deoxyribonucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical ribonucleotide residues CHEBI:50299 canonical ribonucleotide residue canonical ribonucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleotide residues CHEBI:50319 nucleotide residue nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleoside residues CHEBI:50320 nucleoside residue nucleoside residues ChEBI Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50514 vasoconstrictor agent Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. CHEBI:50911 Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. chebi_ontology primary amino compounds CHEBI:50994 primary amino compound primary amino compounds ChEBI A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology dipolar compounds CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology organodiyl groups CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group chebi_ontology organic polycyclic compounds CHEBI:51958 organic polycyclic compound organic polycyclic compounds ChEBI A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl. HMDB:HMDB0033610 chebi_ontology hydroxyapatite CHEBI:52254 apatite hydroxyapatite ChEBI A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). 0 Ca5HO13P3 502.312 501.67595 chebi_ontology CHEBI:52255 hydroxylapatite An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton. chebi_ontology cyclic organic groups CHEBI:52845 cyclic organic group cyclic organic groups ChEBI The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. chebi_ontology antigenic determinant epitope function epitope role CHEBI:53000 epitope antigenic determinant ChEBI epitope function ChEBI epitope role ChEBI A polymer carrying multiple negative charges. chebi_ontology polyanion polyanions CHEBI:53309 polyanionic macromolecule polyanion ChEBI polyanions SUBMITTER A macromolecule containing ionic groups. chebi_ontology ionic polymer polyionic macromolecule CHEBI:53368 ionic macromolecule ionic polymer ChEBI polyionic macromolecule ChEBI A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. 0 C153H225N43O49S InChI=1S/C153H225N43O49S/c1-72(2)52-97(133(226)176-96(47-51-246-11)132(225)184-104(60-115(159)209)143(236)196-123(78(10)203)151(244)245)179-137(230)103(58-83-64-167-89-29-19-18-28-87(83)89)183-131(224)95(43-46-114(158)208)177-148(241)120(74(5)6)194-141(234)101(54-79-24-14-12-15-25-79)182-138(231)105(61-117(211)212)185-130(223)94(42-45-113(157)207)171-124(217)75(7)170-127(220)91(31-22-49-165-152(160)161)172-128(221)92(32-23-50-166-153(162)163)174-146(239)110(69-199)191-140(233)107(63-119(215)216)186-134(227)98(53-73(3)4)178-135(228)99(56-81-33-37-85(204)38-34-81)180-129(222)90(30-20-21-48-154)173-145(238)109(68-198)190-136(229)100(57-82-35-39-86(205)40-36-82)181-139(232)106(62-118(213)214)187-147(240)111(70-200)192-150(243)122(77(9)202)195-142(235)102(55-80-26-16-13-17-27-80)188-149(242)121(76(8)201)193-116(210)66-168-126(219)93(41-44-112(156)206)175-144(237)108(67-197)189-125(218)88(155)59-84-65-164-71-169-84/h12-19,24-29,33-40,64-65,71-78,88,90-111,120-123,167,197-205H,20-23,30-32,41-63,66-70,154-155H2,1-11H3,(H2,156,206)(H2,157,207)(H2,158,208)(H2,159,209)(H,164,169)(H,168,219)(H,170,220)(H,171,217)(H,172,221)(H,173,238)(H,174,239)(H,175,237)(H,176,226)(H,177,241)(H,178,228)(H,179,230)(H,180,222)(H,181,232)(H,182,231)(H,183,224)(H,184,225)(H,185,223)(H,186,227)(H,187,240)(H,188,242)(H,189,218)(H,190,229)(H,191,233)(H,192,243)(H,193,210)(H,194,234)(H,195,235)(H,196,236)(H,211,212)(H,213,214)(H,215,216)(H,244,245)(H4,160,161,165)(H4,162,163,166)/t75-,76+,77+,78+,88-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,120-,121-,122-,123-/m0/s1 MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N 3482.74700 3480.61570 CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)Cc1cnc[nH]1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O CAS:16941-32-5 CAS:9007-92-5 DrugBank:DB00040 Drug_Central:2994 KEGG:C01501 KEGG:D00116 PMID:21940356 PMID:22014161 PMID:22154917 PMID:22166985 PMID:22167521 PMID:22214853 PMID:22227186 PMID:22286080 PMID:22294753 PMID:22318544 PMID:22334714 PMID:22399501 PMID:22438981 PMID:22454291 Reaxys:13191924 Wikipedia:Glucagon Glucagon L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine chebi_ontology Glucagone HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr glucagon glucagonum CHEBI:5391 glucagon CAS:16941-32-5 ChemIDplus CAS:9007-92-5 ChemIDplus CAS:9007-92-5 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:2994 DrugCentral PMID:21940356 Europe PMC PMID:22014161 Europe PMC PMID:22154917 Europe PMC PMID:22166985 Europe PMC PMID:22167521 Europe PMC PMID:22214853 Europe PMC PMID:22227186 Europe PMC PMID:22286080 Europe PMC PMID:22294753 Europe PMC PMID:22318544 Europe PMC PMID:22334714 Europe PMC PMID:22399501 Europe PMC PMID:22438981 Europe PMC PMID:22454291 Europe PMC Reaxys:13191924 Reaxys Glucagon KEGG_COMPOUND L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine IUPAC Glucagone ChemIDplus HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT ChEBI His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr ChEBI His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr ChemIDplus glucagon ChemIDplus glucagonum ChemIDplus A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC heterocycle ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C10H13N2 InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c11-6-5-8-7-12-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,12H,5-6,11H2/p+1 APJYDQYYACXCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 161.22310 161.10732 [NH3+]CCc1c[nH]c2ccccc12 Gmelin:533978 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology tryptamine tryptaminium cation tryptaminium(1+) CHEBI:57887 tryptaminium Gmelin:533978 Gmelin 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC tryptamine UniProt tryptaminium cation ChEBI tryptaminium(1+) ChEBI A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3. -2 C33H34N4O6 InChI=1S/C33H36N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h7-8,13-14,34-35H,1-2,9-12,15H2,3-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/p-2/b26-13-,27-14- BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-L 582.64630 582.24893 CC1=C(C=C)\C(NC1=O)=C\c1[nH]c(Cc2[nH]c(\C=C3NC(=O)C(C=C)=C/3C)c(C)c2CCC([O-])=O)c(CCC([O-])=O)c1C Beilstein:4083310 chebi_ontology 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate bilirubin IXalpha bilirubin dianion CHEBI:57977 bilirubin(2-) Beilstein:4083310 Beilstein 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate ChEBI bilirubin IXalpha UniProt bilirubin dianion ChEBI An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group. -1 O4SR 96.06300 95.95173 [O-]S(=O)(=O)O[*] chebi_ontology organosulfate oxoanions CHEBI:58958 organosulfate oxoanion organosulfate oxoanions ChEBI An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. chebi_ontology acyclic tetrapyrrole anion acyclic tetrapyrrole anions linear tetrapyrrole anions CHEBI:59252 linear tetrapyrrole anion acyclic tetrapyrrole anion ChEBI acyclic tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI linear tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. chebi_ontology CHEBI:59698 phosphoric acids A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 chemical substance Chemische Substanz ChEBI A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. chebi_ontology Mischung CHEBI:60004 mixture Mischung ChEBI A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Wikipedia:Polymer Polymer chebi_ontology Kunststoff CHEBI:60027 polymer Polymer ChEBI Kunststoff ChEBI An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules. chebi_ontology polyionic polymer CHEBI:60164 ionic polymer polyionic polymer ChEBI An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology a monovalent cation CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. 0 C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n chebi_ontology a peptide peptide zwitterions CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion a peptide UniProt peptide zwitterions ChEBI Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. chebi_ontology nucleobase-containing compound nucleobase-containing compounds nucleobase-containing molecular entities CHEBI:61120 nucleobase-containing molecular entity nucleobase-containing compound SUBMITTER nucleobase-containing compounds ChEBI nucleobase-containing molecular entities ChEBI A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules. chebi_ontology polyanion polyanions CHEBI:61469 polyanionic polymer polyanion ChEBI polyanions ChEBI A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. chebi_ontology oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents CHEBI:63248 oxidising agent oxidant ChEBI oxidants ChEBI oxidiser ChEBI oxidisers ChEBI oxidising agents ChEBI oxidizer ChEBI oxidizers ChEBI oxidizing agent ChEBI oxidizing agents ChEBI Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. chebi_ontology carbohydrate derivatives derivatised carbohydrate derivatised carbohydrates derivatized carbohydrate derivatized carbohydrates CHEBI:63299 carbohydrate derivative carbohydrate derivatives ChEBI derivatised carbohydrate ChEBI derivatised carbohydrates ChEBI derivatized carbohydrate ChEBI derivatized carbohydrates ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid. chebi_ontology carbohydrate acid derivatives CHEBI:63436 carbohydrate acid derivative carbohydrate acid derivatives ChEBI An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. PMID:21822758 PMID:21993877 PMID:22005599 PMID:22082101 PMID:22153577 PMID:22213370 PMID:22218931 PMID:22342987 PMID:22371656 chebi_ontology monoamines naturally occurring monoamine naturally occurring monoamines CHEBI:63534 monoamine PMID:21822758 Europe PMC PMID:21993877 Europe PMC PMID:22005599 Europe PMC PMID:22082101 Europe PMC PMID:22153577 Europe PMC PMID:22213370 Europe PMC PMID:22218931 Europe PMC PMID:22342987 Europe PMC PMID:22371656 Europe PMC monoamines ChEBI naturally occurring monoamine ChEBI naturally occurring monoamines ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. chebi_ontology carbohydrate acid anion derivative carbohydrate acid anion derivatives carbohydrate acid derivative anions CHEBI:63551 carbohydrate acid derivative anion carbohydrate acid anion derivative ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion derivatives ChEBI carbohydrate acid derivative anions ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive chebi_ontology food additives CHEBI:64047 food additive food additives ChEBI A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator chebi_ontology acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents CHEBI:64049 food acidity regulator acidity regulator ChEBI acidity regulators ChEBI food acidity regulators ChEBI pH control agent ChEBI pH control agents ChEBI An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene. chebi_ontology aralkylamino compounds CHEBI:64365 aralkylamino compound aralkylamino compounds ChEBI A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14. 0 C76H104N18O19S2 InChI=1S/C76H104N18O19S2/c1-41(79)64(100)82-37-61(99)83-58-39-114-115-40-59(76(112)113)92-72(108)57(38-95)91-75(111)63(43(3)97)94-71(107)54(33-46-23-11-6-12-24-46)90-74(110)62(42(2)96)93-66(102)51(28-16-18-30-78)84-69(105)55(34-47-36-81-49-26-14-13-25-48(47)49)88-68(104)53(32-45-21-9-5-10-22-45)86-67(103)52(31-44-19-7-4-8-20-44)87-70(106)56(35-60(80)98)89-65(101)50(85-73(58)109)27-15-17-29-77/h4-14,19-26,36,41-43,50-59,62-63,81,95-97H,15-18,27-35,37-40,77-79H2,1-3H3,(H2,80,98)(H,82,100)(H,83,99)(H,84,105)(H,85,109)(H,86,103)(H,87,106)(H,88,104)(H,89,101)(H,90,110)(H,91,111)(H,92,108)(H,93,102)(H,94,107)(H,112,113)/t41-,42+,43+,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,62-,63-/m0/s1 NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N 1637.87800 1636.71666 C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2c[nH]c3ccccc23)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccccc2)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N CAS:38916-34-6 Drug_Central:2997 HMDB:HMDB0013072 KEGG:C16022 KEGG:D07431 LINCS:LSM-5326 PMID:21922516 PMID:22129035 PMID:22147011 PMID:22251942 PMID:22483686 PMID:22509294 Reaxys:10148626 Wikipedia:Somatostatin L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide chebi_ontology Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys] L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide Somatostatin-1 Somatostatin-14 Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone somatostatin somatostatina somatostatine somatostatinum CHEBI:64628 somatostatin CAS:38916-34-6 ChemIDplus CAS:38916-34-6 KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:2997 DrugCentral PMID:21922516 Europe PMC PMID:22129035 Europe PMC PMID:22147011 Europe PMC PMID:22251942 Europe PMC PMID:22483686 Europe PMC PMID:22509294 Europe PMC Reaxys:10148626 Reaxys L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide IUPAC Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys] ChEBI L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide ChemIDplus Somatostatin-1 KEGG_COMPOUND Somatostatin-14 KEGG_COMPOUND Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone ChemIDplus somatostatin KEGG_DRUG somatostatina ChemIDplus somatostatine ChemIDplus somatostatinum ChemIDplus An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology organic acids CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acids ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances CHEBI:64909 poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. chebi_ontology polysaccharide derivatives CHEBI:65212 polysaccharide derivative polysaccharide derivatives ChEBI Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. chebi_ontology food preservatives CHEBI:65255 food preservative food preservatives ChEBI A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). chebi_ontology antimicrobial food preservatives antimicrobial preservative antimicrobial preservatives CHEBI:65256 antimicrobial food preservative antimicrobial food preservatives ChEBI antimicrobial preservative ChEBI antimicrobial preservatives ChEBI An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. +1 H3NR 17.031 17.02655 [NH3+][*] chebi_ontology a primary amine substituted ammonium CHEBI:65296 primary ammonium ion a primary amine UniProt substituted ammonium ChEBI Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. chebi_ontology anti-inflammatory agents antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory agents CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent anti-inflammatory agents ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory agents ChEBI An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the priamry amino group; major species at pH 7.3. +1 C8H12NO3 InChI=1S/C8H11NO3/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8,10-12H,4,9H2/p+1/t8-/m0/s1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-O 170.187 170.08117 C=1(C=CC(=CC1O)[C@H](C[NH3+])O)O PDBeChem:E5E (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium chebi_ontology (R)-noradrenaline (R)-noradrenaline cation (R)-noradrenalinium cation (R)-noradrenalinium(1+) CHEBI:72587 (R)-noradrenaline(1+) (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium IUPAC (R)-noradrenaline UniProt (R)-noradrenaline cation ChEBI (R)-noradrenalinium cation ChEBI (R)-noradrenalinium(1+) ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. MetaCyc:Exopolysaccharides PMID:11160795 PMID:11785425 PMID:1444258 PMID:15738217 PMID:16075348 PMID:17440912 PMID:18097339 PMID:19453747 PMID:20172021 PMID:20631870 PMID:20718297 PMID:2688547 PMID:6354590 Wikipedia:Exopolysaccharide Wikipedia:Extracellular_polymeric_substance chebi_ontology exopolysaccharides extracellular polymeric substance extracellular polymeric substances CHEBI:72813 exopolysaccharide PMID:11160795 Europe PMC PMID:11785425 Europe PMC PMID:1444258 Europe PMC PMID:15738217 Europe PMC PMID:16075348 Europe PMC PMID:17440912 Europe PMC PMID:18097339 Europe PMC PMID:19453747 Europe PMC PMID:20172021 Europe PMC PMID:20631870 Europe PMC PMID:20718297 Europe PMC PMID:2688547 Europe PMC PMID:6354590 Europe PMC exopolysaccharides ChEBI extracellular polymeric substance ChEBI extracellular polymeric substances ChEBI A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. 0 C8N 110.09230 110.00307 C1(=C(C(=C2C(=C1*)N(C(=C2*)*)*)*)*)* chebi_ontology CHEBI:73398 indole skeleton A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms. chebi_ontology organic heterobicyclic rings CHEBI:73541 organic heterobicyclic ring organic heterobicyclic rings ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. chebi_ontology xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:76206 xenobiotic metabolite xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. CHEBI:75766 CHEBI:76925 chebi_ontology plant metabolites plant secondary metabolites CHEBI:76924 plant metabolite plant metabolites ChEBI plant secondary metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. chebi_ontology human xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:76967 human xenobiotic metabolite human xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. Wikipedia:Packaging_gas chebi_ontology food packaging gases CHEBI:77974 food packaging gas food packaging gases ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O CHEBI:83409 MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. chebi_ontology carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives CHEBI:78616 carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives carbohydrates and derivatives ChEBI carbohydrates and their derivatives ChEBI Any metabolite produced by all living cells. chebi_ontology essential metabolite essential metabolites fundamental metabolites CHEBI:78675 fundamental metabolite essential metabolite ChEBI essential metabolites ChEBI fundamental metabolites ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. chebi_ontology trivalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79387 trivalent inorganic anion trivalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology divalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology monovalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. chebi_ontology crustacean metabolites CHEBI:83039 crustacean metabolite crustacean metabolites ChEBI A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. chebi_ontology Daphnia magna metabolites CHEBI:83056 Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia magna metabolites ChEBI A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Wikipedia:Daphnia chebi_ontology Daphnia metabolites CHEBI:83057 Daphnia metabolite Daphnia metabolites ChEBI Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:84729 hydroxyindoles Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. chebi_ontology algal metabolites CHEBI:84735 algal metabolite algal metabolites ChEBI A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FBbt:00007002 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 MESH:D002477 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:0000013 cell in vivo To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12). native cell A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:mah Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. fibroblast neural crest derived Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) neuronal receptor cell A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. early embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. GOC:tfm Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory cranial neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007091 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory trunk neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007095 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. FBbt:00004861 germline stem cell germ line stem cell true true A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. FMA:72290 MA:0002765 VHOG:0001531 ncithesaurus:Spermatogenic_Cell male germ cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/574 true A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. PMID:29462262 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. BTO:0001275 CALOHA:TS-0951 EMAPA:31484 FBbt:00004936 FMA:84049 WBbt:0006799 spermatocyte true A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. GOC:tfm MESH:D013090 A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. BTO:0001274 CALOHA:TS-0950 EMAPA:31486 FBbt:00004942 FMA:72294 WBbt:0006800 nematoblast spermatid true A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. MESH:D013087 A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. BTO:0001277 BTO:0002046 CALOHA:TS-0949 FBbt:00004954 FMA:67338 WBbt:0006798 sperm cell spermatozoid spermatozoon sperm true A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. GOC:tfm MESH:D013094 An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. BTO:0000958 CALOHA:TS-2193 EMAPA:31482 FBbt:00004934 FBbt:00004935 FMA:72291 spermatogonial cell spermatogonium An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. MESH:D013093 Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MA:0000388 VHOG:0001530 ncithesaurus:Egg female germ cell true Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. GOC:tfm PMID:11023867 PMID:20454446 A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. FBbt:00004873 female germ line stem cell true true A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. BTO:0000964 CALOHA:TS-0711 FBbt:00004886 FMA:18644 MESH:D009865 WBbt:0006797 oogonium oocyte true A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. FMA:83673 oogonial cell true An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. BTO:0000369 BTO:0003801 CALOHA:TS-2191 FBbt:00057012 FMA:67343 MA:0000388 MESH:D010063 mature oocyte ovum egg cell true A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. smooth muscle cell neural crest derived true A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 neuron neural crest derived neural crest derived neuron true glioblast A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. BTO:0000930 FMA:70563 neuroblast neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. GOC:NV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 animal stem cell This term applies to metazoan. For plant stem cells, consider using PO:0004011 ‘initial cell’ or its parent PO:0004010 ‘meristematic cell’. stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. GOC:tfm MESH:D013234 A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. FMA:70569 unipotent stem cell unipotential stem cell single fate stem cell A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. GOC:tfm A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 FMA:70337 FMA:86475 MESH:D006412 VHOG:0001485 HSC blood forming stem cell hemopoietic stem cell colony forming unit hematopoietic Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. hematopoietic stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. BTO:0004911 BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell erythroid progenitor cell true A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. FMA:84789 multi-fate stem cell multifate stem cell multipotent cell multipotent stem cell multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. GOC:add A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. BTO:0004730 CMP common myeloid precursor CFU-GEMM CFU-S colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte multipotential myeloid stem cell myeloid stem cell pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059). common myeloid progenitor true A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add ISBN:0878932437 MESH:D023461 CMP ISBN:0878932437 CFU-GEMM ISBN:0878932437 CFU-S ISBN:0878932437 colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte ISBN:0878932437 multipotential myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) ISBN:0878932437 A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. CFU-EM CFU-MegE MEP Meg/E progenitor colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2. megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell true A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm MESH:D055015 PMID:16647566 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. CLP common lymphocyte precursor common lymphocyte progenitor common lymphoid precursor ELP committed lymphopoietic stem cell early lymphocyte progenitor lymphoid stem cell lymphopoietic stem cell CLP are CD7-positive, CD10-positive, CD19-negative, CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD79a-negative, CD127-positive, AA4.1-positive, RAG-negative, Sca-1-low, sIgM-negative, sIgD-negative, TdT-negative, Vpre-B-negative, and pre-BCR-negative. Expression of transcription factors include E2A-positive, EBF-positive, Ikaros-negative, PU.1-negative, and Pax5-negative. common lymphoid progenitor true A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:10407577 PMID:16551251 A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. FMA:84790 MESH:D039901 totipotential stem cell totipotent stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. GOC:add GOC:tfm A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 FMA:84782 blast cell define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. SANBI:mhl A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. BTO:0000222 CALOHA:TS-0650 FBbt:00005083 FMA:70335 VHOG:0001529 myoblast A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. GOC:tfm MESH:D032446 PMID:21849021 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. BTO:0000452 CALOHA:TS-0362 FMA:63877 VHOG:0001482 These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. fibroblast A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D005347 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. BTO:0003607 FMA:66783 chrondoplast chondroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. BTO:0001663 FMA:70576 amelocyte enamel secreting cell non-encoded relationship from VSAO produces VSAO:0000066 ameloblast Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 MESH:D000565 Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. BTO:0001769 CALOHA:TS-0696 FMA:62999 MESH:D009804 legacy def: One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin. odontoblast Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. VHOG:0001532 XAO:0000031 ciliated cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. GOC:tfm A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. BTO:0000414 CALOHA:TS-2026 CARO:0000077 FBbt:00000124 FMA:66768 WBbt:0003672 epitheliocyte epithelial cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. FB:ma GOC:tfm MESH:D004847 An epithelial cell that has a cilia. FMA:70605 ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 branched duct epithelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree blood vessel endothelial cell true An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. GOC:tfm non-branched duct epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GO:0002065 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 CALOHA:TS-1249 squamous epithelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. FMA:66773 mesotheliocyte mesothelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. circulating cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. GOC:add A cell found predominately in the blood. FMA:62844 MESH:D001773 blood cell true A cell found predominately in the blood. GOC:add GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lung. BTO:0004299 lung epithelial cell epithelial cell of lung An epithelial cell of the lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 An epithelial cell of the pancreas. BTO:0000028 pancreas epithelial cell pancreatic epithelial cell epithelial cell of pancreas true An epithelial cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. BTO:0000782 CALOHA:TS-1001 FMA:62870 MESH:D013601 VHOG:0001479 T lymphocyte T-cell T-lymphocyte immature T cell mature T cell T cell true A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:0781735149 neuron associated cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and neurecto-epithelial cell (CL:0000710). sensory epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. BTO:0003811 FBbt:00005125 FMA:67313 WBbt:0005113 interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. GOC:tfm MESH:D007395 An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. BTO:0000312 FBbt:00005123 FMA:83617 WBbt:0005409 motoneuron motor neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. MESH:D009046 PMID:16875686 Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. BTO:0001037 FBbt:00005124 FMA:84649 MESH:D011984 WBbt:0005759 sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. ISBN:0721662544 A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. FMA:80121 autonomic neuron A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. GOC:tfm A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. BTO:0004902 FBbt:00007173 FMA:84796 MESH:D059329 WBbt:0006840 cholinergic neuron A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. BTO:0001176 CALOHA:TS-0278 FMA:66772 endotheliocyte From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. endothelial cell An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. GOC:tfm MESH:D042783 PMID:21275341 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. BTO:0002606 CALOHA:TS-0415 FBbt:00005144 FMA:54536 neuroglial cell neuroglia Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571 glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. MESH:D009457 A neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together. BTO:0000771 CALOHA:TS-2027 FMA:54538 macrogliocyte macroglial cell A neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. BTO:0000962 CALOHA:TS-0709 FMA:54540 OLs oligodendroglia Oligodendrocytes are reportedly MDP-positive and CD4-negative. oligodendrocyte true A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. MESH:D009836 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte OLs PMID:8734446 Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. neurectoderm cell neurectodermal cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. BTO:0002625 BTO:0003298 FMA:70546 BMSC bone marrow stromal cells colony-forming unit-fibroblast marrow stromal cells CFU-F MSC mesenchymal precursor cell mesenchymal progenitor cells mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stromal cell mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. mesenchymal stem cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/474 true A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. FB:ma GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC2613570 PMID:10102814 PMID:16923606 PMID:17986482 PMID:19960544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells marrow stromal cells PMID:11378515 MSC PMID:11378515 mesenchymal progenitor cells MESH:D044982 mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal MESH:D044982 A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. BTO:0000443 CALOHA:TS-0012 FMA:63880 adipocyte adipose cell fat cell A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. MESH:D017667 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. BTO:0000249 CALOHA:TS-0138 FMA:66782 cartilage cell chondrocyte Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. GO_REF:0000034 MESH:D019902 A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. APC Note change of name; nearly all somatic cells can present antigens to T cells via MHC Class I complexes leading to effector responses, but professional antigen presenting cells constitutively express MHC Class II as well as costimulatory molecules, and thus can initiate immune responses via T cells. professional antigen presenting cell A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 simple columnar epithelial cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. VHOG:0001678 chromatocyte chromatophore pigment cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. GOC:tfm pigment cell visual pigment cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. CALOHA:TS-2085 FMA:86494 glandular epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. GOC:tfm A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 FMA:86916 secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. FMA:16014 exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. ISBN:0198547684 A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GAG secreting cell hyaluronic acid secreting cell glycosaminoglycan secreting cell A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GOC:tfm protein secreting cell A cell that specializes in secretion of surfactant in the alveoli of the lung. surfactant secreting cell true A cell that specializes in secretion of surfactant in the alveoli of the lung. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A non-mucous, epithelial secretory cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. A club cell has short microvilli but no cilia. A club cell is able to multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium and it also protects the tracheobronchial epithelium. Epithelial progenitor cell of the lung. Club cells are dome-shaped with short microvilli but no cilia. They function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells also multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium. BTO:0004811 FMA:14119 Clara cell bronchiolar non-ciliated cell club cell of bronchiole club cell true A non-mucous, epithelial secretory cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. A club cell has short microvilli but no cilia. A club cell is able to multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium and it also protects the tracheobronchial epithelium. DOI:10.1183/09031936.00146609 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-2762 GOC:tfm PMID:28128362 PMID:29874100 PMID:7905712 Epithelial progenitor cell of the lung. Club cells are dome-shaped with short microvilli but no cilia. They function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. Club cells also multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium. DOI:10.1183/09031936.00146609 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-2762 GOC:tfm PMID:28128362 PMID:7905712 seromucus secreting cell acid secreting cell true A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. FMA:83809 endocrinocyte endocrine cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. MESH:D055098 An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. BTO:0003865 FMA:62930 MESH:D019858 enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. BTO:0002691 FBbt:00005130 FMA:83810 neurosecretory cell neurosecretory neuron The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. neuroendocrine cell A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. MESH:D055099 The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. PMID:5342440 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323555968000073 peptide hormone secreting cell BTO:0000783 insulin secreting cell A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. beta cell BTO:0000783 EV:0200009 FMA:70586 MA:0002419 ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell B-cell of pancreatic islet beta cell of pancreatic islet insulin-secreting cell pancreatic B cell pancreatic B-cell pancreatic beta cell pancreatic islet core type B enteroendocrine cell beta cell islet Pancreatic beta cells are also reportedly CD284-positive. Upon activation, they upregulate their CD14 expression. type B pancreatic cell true A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell beta cell ZFA:0009102 B-cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 beta cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 insulin-secreting cell FMA:70586 pancreatic B-cell FMA:70586 pancreatic beta cell FMA:70586 pancreatic islet core MA:0002419 type B enteroendocrine cell FMA:70586 beta cell islet MA:0002419 A cell that secretes glucagon. FMA:84045 glucagon-secreting cell glucagon secreting cell A cell that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. BTO:0000990 FMA:70585 MESH:D050416 alpha cell of islet of Langerhans pancreatic alpha cell pancreatic A cell A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 somatostatin secreting cell A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. BTO:0000803 FMA:70587 D-cell of pancreatic islet delta cell of islet delta cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic D-cell pancreatic delta cell somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell pancreatic D cell A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. FMA:0517223651 GOC:tfm steroid hormone secreting cell The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. BTO:0000575 CALOHA:TS-0454 FMA:14515 Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive. hepatocyte The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 MESH:D022781 PMID:19717280 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte A cell whose primary function is to shorten. contractile cell A cell whose primary function is to shorten. FB:ma A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. BTO:0000888 BTO:0000902 CALOHA:TS-2032 FBbt:00005074 FMA:67328 WBbt:0003675 muscle fiber myocyte muscle cell A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. MESH:D032342 A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. BTO:0004392 CALOHA:TS-2158 FMA:9727 skeletal muscle cell cell of skeletal muscle A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. GOC:tfm A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). non-striated muscle cell BTO:0004576 CALOHA:TS-2159 FMA:14072 SMCs myocytes, smooth muscle smooth muscle fiber smooth muscle cell A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). MESH:D032389 PMID:9315361 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell SMCs PMID:9315361 myocytes, smooth muscle MESH:D032389 A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. MESH:D011984 receptor cell sensory receptor cell A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. mechanoreceptor mechanoreceptor cell A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. MESH:D008465 mechanoreceptor MP:0000972 touch receptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MESH:D002628 BTO:0004185 FMA:67860 MESH:D018034 Wikipedia:Olfactory_receptor_neuron Schultze's cell odorant receptor cell olfactory receptor neuron olfactory sensory neuron olfactory receptor cell A specialized cell involved in gustatory sensory perception. FMA:67910 taste bud cell taste receptor cell A specialized cell involved in gustatory sensory perception. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. BTO:0001060 CALOHA:TS-0868 FMA:86740 photoreceptor cell true A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. MESH:D010786 A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. FB:ma A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. boundary cell lining cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. JB:jb A cell located in the synovial joint. CALOHA:TS-0995 synoviocyte synovial cell true A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. JB:jb A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. BTO:0001238 CALOHA:TS-0922 FMA:72298 VHOG:0001348 Sertoli cell true A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. MESH:D012708 insulating cell A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. Schwann cell peripheral neuroglial cell CALOHA:TS-0898 FMA:62121 neurilemmal cell myelinating Schwann cell A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. GOC:cvs GOC:tfm MESH:D012583 A cell that moves by its own activities. motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72549 ectoderm cell ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004475 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. FMA:72554 mesoblast mesoderm cell mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MESH:D008648 A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72555 endoderm cell endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004707 A cell that lacks a nucleus. FMA:68647 non-nucleated cell anucleate cell A cell that lacks a nucleus. FB:ma A cell with a single nucleus. single nucleate cell A cell with a single nucleus. FB:ma GOC:tfm binucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. AEO:0000203 WBbt:0008074 syncitium syncytial cell syncytium multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. FB:ma A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. BTO:0000424 CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:81100 RBC red blood cell erythrocyte true A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. GOC:tfm MESH:D004912 MESH:D005057 eukaryotic cell Eumycetozoan cell eye photoreceptor cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. structural cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. TAIR:sr A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. CALOHA:TS-0395 FBbt:00005412 FMA:18649 haploid nucleated cell haploid germ cell gamete true A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 lens cell crystallin accumulating cell An epithelial cell found in the trachea. FBbt:00005038 FMA:74793 tracheocyte This class is for the vertebrate tracheal structure. For the analagous insect cell type, see 'respiratory tube epithelial cell' tracheal epithelial cell true An epithelial cell found in the trachea. GOC:tfm Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. BTO:0003687 FMA:62511 serous cell serous secreting cell Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 BTO:0003689 mucous cell mucus secreting cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). FB:ma extracellular matrix secreting cell oxygen accumulating cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. FMA:86667 migratory neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. MESH:A16.254.600 A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. mesenchyme condensation cell A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. GOC:tfm PMID:5025404 An early neural cell developing from the early ependymal cell of the neural tube. FMA:70564 spongioblast glioblast (sensu Vertebrata) An early neural cell developing from the early ependymal cell of the neural tube. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the sclera of the eye. scleral cell A cell of the sclera of the eye. GOC:add A cell of the choroid of the eye. A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. choroidal cell of the eye A cell of the choroid of the eye. GOC:add A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. GOC:add extraembryonic cell A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. FMA:83028 trophoblastic cell trophoblast cell true A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. GOC:tfm MESH:D014327 A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. epiblast cell A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). BTO:0001473 FMA:72551 blastomere blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). MESH:D001756 ncithesaurus:Blastemal_Cell blastema cell blastemal cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. FMA:86767 Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo. multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell true A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. PMID:18282570 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. sphincter associated smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. GOC:cjm A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell vascular associated smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). BTO:0001470 CALOHA:TS-0283 FMA:62411 MESH:D000078404 cell of epidermis epithelial cell of skin epidermal cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). Flybase:dsj MA:ma cell of epidermis FMA:62411 epithelial cell of skin FMA:62411 Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. zygote BTO:0000854 EHDAA2:0004546 FMA:72395 animal zygote Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. ISBN:0471245208 tracheoblast A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. FB:ma ganglion interneuron true An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. Interneurons are commonly described as being only found in the central nervous system. However, in CL we define 'interneuron' more broadly as any neuron that is neither a motor neuron nor a sensory neuron, regardless of its location, so we need this term to refer strictly to interneurons of the central nervous system. CNS interneuron true An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817424-1.00001-X A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. FB:ma BTO:0001277 CALOHA:TS-0949 male gamete true true A cell whose nucleus, or nuclei, each contain more than two haploid genomes. polyploid cell A cell whose nucleus, or nuclei, each contain more than two haploid genomes. FB:ma A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. FB:ma GOC:tfm endopolyploid cell carbohydrate secreting cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). BTO:0002042 CALOHA:TS-0194 FMA:83036 MESH:D003713 interdigitating cell veiled cell dendritic cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 biogenic amine secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). 5-HT secreting cell 5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting cell serotonin secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). GOC:tfm PMID:19630576 A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. noradrenaline secreting cell norepinephrin secreting cell norepinephrine secreting cell noradrenergic cell A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. visible light photoreceptor cell A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. GOC:tfm A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. BTO:0002064 FMA:83624 stromal cell A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. GOC:tfm MESH:D017154 A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. FMA:62935 D cell type D enteroendocrine cell A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. MESH:D019864 An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. enkephalin secreting cell An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. endorphin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. GO:tfm An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. BTO:0004108 FMA:67609 G cell type G enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D019863 A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. gastrin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. androgen binding protein secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. GO:tfm A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. FMA:84797 cardiac muscle progenitor cell cardiomyocyte progenitor cell cardiac muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. GOC:tfm MESH:D032386 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. FMA:84798 myoblast, smooth muscle satellite cell smooth muscle myoblast true A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. GOC:tfm MESH:D032390 myoblast, smooth muscle MESH:D032390 A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. FMA:84799 skeletal myoblast skeletal muscle myoblast true A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. SANBI:mhl fungal cell A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. FMA:83043 plasmidotrophoblast syncytial trophoblast syntrophoblast syncytiotrophoblast cell A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. FMA:87653 input neuron afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. GOC:tfm MESH:D009475 A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. output neuron efferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. MESH:D009476 primary neuron primary sensory neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FBbt:00005106 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 nerve cell These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MESH:D009474 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. BTO:0000775 CALOHA:TS-0583 FMA:62863 MESH:D008214 VHOG:0001535 Editors note: consider adding taxon constraint to vertebrata (PMID:18025161) lymphocyte A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. GOC:add ISBN:0683073696 ISBN:0781735149 An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83518 rubriblast pronormoblast proerythroblast true An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 MESH:A11.118.290.350.200 PMID:1638021 rubriblast ISBN:0721601464 A native cell that is part of some Metazoa. metazoan cell animal cell A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83505 basophilic normoblast early erythroblast early normoblast prorubricyte basophilic erythroblast true A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 basophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 early erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 early normoblast ISBN:0721601464 prorubricyte ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83506 intermediate erythroblast intermediate normoblast polychromatic erythroblast polychromatic normoblast polychromatophilic normoblast rubricyte polychromatophilic erythroblast true A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 intermediate erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 intermediate normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 rubricyte ISBN:0721601464 The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. FMA:84646 acidophilic erythroblast eosinophilic erythroblast late erythoblast orthochromatic normoblast pyknotic eto enrythroblast orthochromatic erythroblast true The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. ISBN:0721601464 acidophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 eosinophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 orthochromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 pyknotic eto enrythroblast ISBN:0721601464 The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0001164 CALOHA:TS-0610 FMA:84235 MESH:D055016 CFU-Meg Meg-CFC MkP colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte megacaryoblast megacaryocyte progenitor cell megakaryoblast megakaryocytic progenitor cell promegacaryocyte promegakaryocyte Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative. megakaryocyte progenitor cell true The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 CFU-Meg PMID:11722431 PMID:12482498 Meg-CFC PMCID:PMC1794060 MkP PMID:21116988 megakaryocytic progenitor cell PMID:12482498 A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. BTO:0000843 CALOHA:TS-0611 FMA:83555 megacaryocyte megalocaryocyte megalokaryocyte Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive. megakaryocyte true A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. ISBN:0721601464 MESH:D008533 PMID:31043076 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. BTO:0001173 CALOHA:TS-0864 MESH:D012156 reticulocyte true An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:15946868 PMID:2037622 An erythrocyte having a nucleus. RBC red blood cell nucleate erythrocyte true An erythrocyte having a nucleus. GOC:add GOc:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. angioblast chondroplast These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive. angioblastic mesenchymal cell true A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. cardiac mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. PMID:18816864 One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. BTO:0001036 CALOHA:TS-0866 FMA:67748 retinal cone cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. MESH:D017949 An epithelial cell of the cornea. BTO:0004298 CALOHA:TS-0173 FMA:70551 epithelial cell of cornea corneal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the cornea. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cornea FMA:70551 The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. BTO:0000535 VHOG:0001534 WBbt:0006796 germ cell true The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:D005854 A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. androgen secreting cell A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. GOC:tfm An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. RBC red blood cell enucleate erythrocyte true An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. GOC:add GOC:tfm One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. BTO:0001024 CALOHA:TS-0870 FMA:67747 retinal rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. MESH:D017948 A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). FMA:83625 MESH:D061354 acinic cell acinous cell acinar cell A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). GOC:tfm http://www.copewithcytokines.de A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. BTO:0002315 supportive cell supporting cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. FB:ma GOC:tfm A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. BTO:0001115 CALOHA:TS-2194 FMA:72292 primary spermatocyte true A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. BTO:0000709 CALOHA:TS-2195 FBbt:00004941 FMA:72293 secondary spermatocyte true One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. collagen secreting cell An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. GOC:tfm A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. FMA:70567 gonocyte primitive germ cell primordial germ cell true true A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. GOC:tfm PMID:1381289 A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. female gamete true A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. GOC:tfm A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. muscle precursor cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. GOC:add A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. FMA:62938 FMA:83409 type F enteroendocrine cell PP cell A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. GOC:tfm JB:jb PMID:15153415 Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 FMA:70557 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). neurecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 MESH:D053687 somatic stem cell true A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. GO:0048103 Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. BTO:0002916 CALOHA:TS-2157 FMA:86936 striated muscle cell Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. BTO:0000751 CALOHA:TS-0549 FMA:62852 MESH:D007962 leucocyte white blood cell immune cell leukocyte true An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:978-0-323-05290-0 The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. BTO:0001800 FMA:67765 MESH:D012165 RGC gangliocyte ganglion cell of retina retinal ganglion cell The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. GOC:dph Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. FMA:83808 cardiocyte BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:14067 MESH:D032383 cardiac muscle fiber cardiac myocyte cardiomyocyte heart muscle cell This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11 GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22426062 PMID:4711263 cardiac muscle fiber GO:0048739 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. BTO:0001441 CALOHA:TS-0647 MESH:D022423 myeloid cell true A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. GOC:add A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:62845 FMA:83516 erythropoietic cell Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. erythroid lineage cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. GOC:add GOC:tfm A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. BTO:0001571 CALOHA:TS-0289 FMA:83504 MESH:D004900 normoblast erythroblast true A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 PMID:18174176 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte true A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. GOC:add A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. pro-T lymphocyte progenitor T cell DN1 cell DN1 thymocyte TN1 cell pro-T cell true A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 MPP hemopoietic progenitor cell Markers differ between mouse and human. hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. lymphoid progenitor cell BTO:0004731 CALOHA:TS-2025 FMA:70338 Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell true A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. myeloid progenitor cell BTO:0004730 CALOHA:TS-2099 FMA:70339 Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell true A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. BTO:0000878 CALOHA:TS-0768 FMA:86713 mononuclear leukocyte peripheral blood mononuclear cell mononuclear cell true A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. GOC:add An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob. ciliated olfactory sensory neuron ciliated sensory neuron ciliated olfactory receptor neuron An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob. PMID:16841163 A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. FBbt:00005133 MESH:D059326 WBbt:0006837 5-HT neuron 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron serotinergic neuron serotonergic neuron A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. SANBI:mhl A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. BTO:0000574 CALOHA:TS-2017 FMA:70366 FMA:83598 haematopoietic cell haemopoietic cell hemopoietic cell hematopoietic cell A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 A connective tissue cell found in bone. 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z bone cell true A connective tissue cell found in bone. GOC:add GO_REF:0000034 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0004911 BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. 2010-01-06T03:43:20Z hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060). hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. 2010-06-24T03:16:29Z BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-0737 FMA:63032 acinar cell of pancreas pancreatic acinar cell true A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 PMID:20395539 http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. 2010-09-10T10:48:54Z FMA:62939 type A enteroendocrine cell An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. 2010-06-28T08:36:15Z BTO:0001032 FMA:14146 Purkinje cell fiber Purkinje muscle cell myocytus conducens cardiacus Purkinje myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. FMA:0412046911 GOC:tfm PMID:19939742 A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. 2010-06-29T11:41:37Z pacemaker cell BTO:0004190 FMA:67101 P cell cardiac pacemaker cell myocytus nodalis nodal myocyte A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. FMA:67101 GOC:tfm cardiac pacemaker cell GOC:pr Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. 2010-06-29T02:39:32Z FMA:67142 transitional myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. FMA:67142 GOC:tfm The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). 2010-06-29T11:50:47Z FMA:67111 myocardial endocrine cell The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). FMA:67111 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z FMA:69075 endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. FMA:69075 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z FMA:69074 ecto-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. FMA:69074 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z FMA:69076 epithelial mesenchymal cell meso-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. FMA:69076 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. 2010-06-30T08:49:43Z FMA:63099 pancreatic ductal cell Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. FMA:63099 GOC:tfm PMID:14740223 A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. 2010-06-30T08:49:52Z FMA:62455 centroacinar cell of Langerhans pancreatic centroacinar cell pancreatic centro-acinar cell A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. GOC:tfm PMID:12142741 PMID:20018761 PMID:8185160 A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. 2010-07-21T01:33:38Z FMA:67968 specialized cardiac myocyte A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. FMA:67968 GOC:tfm A leukocyte that lacks granules. 2010-07-22T11:30:33Z FMA:62855 agranular leukocyte nongranular leukocyte true A leukocyte that lacks granules. GOC:tfm This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. 2010-07-22T03:26:00Z BTO:0003914 FMA:86573 ICC intestinal pacemaker cell Some argue this cell type is of mesenchymal origin. interstitial cell of Cajal true This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. GOC:tfm PMID:16460275 PMID:19520112 intestinal pacemaker cell GOC:pr A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z BTO:0004850 FMA:83621 MESH:D001854 MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense. bone marrow cell true A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z FMA:18710 hilar cell of ovary hilus cell of ovary A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A stomal cell of the ovary 2010-08-23T12:10:31Z FMA:72299 ovarian stromal cell stromal cell of ovary A stomal cell of the ovary GOC:tfm ovarian stromal cell GOC:cjm An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z BTO:0001854 CALOHA:TS-1106 FMA:67755 vascular endothelial cell cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. endothelial cell of vascular tree An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 An endothelial cell found in capillaries. 2010-08-24T10:15:00Z BTO:0004956 CALOHA:TS-0112 FMA:67756 capillary endothelial cell An endothelial cell found in capillaries. GOC:tfm A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. 2010-08-24T03:38:29Z FMA:70542 ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A cell found within the dental pulp. 2010-08-24T02:52:09Z CALOHA:TS-0195 FMA:87170 dental pulp cell A cell found within the dental pulp. GOC:tfm PMID:36267574 An epithelial cell of the uterus. 2010-08-24T10:45:54Z FMA:256161 epithelial cell of uterus true An epithelial cell of the uterus. GOC:tfm Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z FMA:70556 general ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that remains from the disintegration of the epithelial root sheath involved in the development of teeth. 2010-08-26T08:51:27Z FMA:62987 epithelial cell rests of Malassez epithelial debris of Malassez epithelial cell of Malassez true An epithelial cell that remains from the disintegration of the epithelial root sheath involved in the development of teeth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0815129521 A specialized cell involved in sensory perception of smell. 2010-08-26T01:47:13Z FMA:67870 olfactory epithelial cell A specialized cell involved in sensory perception of smell. GOC:tfm PMID:7143026 An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. 2010-08-25T03:22:08Z FMA:62948 epithelial cell of stomach true An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. GOC:tfm A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. 2010-08-25T03:38:51Z FMA:63464 mucous cell of stomach A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. GOC:tfm A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. 2010-08-25T03:57:08Z FMA:62953 stem cell of gastric gland true A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). 2010-08-30T02:00:42Z FMA:86577 HpSC hepatic stem cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 true A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). GOC:tfm PMID:26798363 HpSC PMID:18442648 An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. 2010-09-02T02:09:14Z FMA:66816 epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. 2010-09-02T02:53:59Z FMA:69060 undifferentiated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree intermediate epitheliocyte An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. 2010-09-07T10:38:03Z FMA:70950 vertebrate lens cell A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. 2010-09-07T10:45:47Z FMA:67559 lens epithelial cell true A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium A fibroblast in the bone marrow. 2010-09-07T02:25:18Z FMA:84377 marrow fibroblast A fibroblast in the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 2010-09-07T02:29:38Z FMA:84467 pulmonary myofibroblast pulmonary septal cell pulmonary interstitial fibroblast true A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. GOC:tfm A cell containing at least one nucleus. 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z FMA:67513 nucleate cell A cell containing at least one nucleus. GOC:tfm A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. 2010-09-08T08:53:42Z FMA:70611 smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil true A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 ISBN:0721694128 A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). 2010-09-07T03:57:09Z BTO:0002669 FMA:86711 MESH:D000072916 PBSC peripheral blood stem cell true A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. 2010-09-08T09:26:53Z epithelial cell of alimentary canal An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2010-09-08T09:28:20Z FMA:63071 epithelial cell of esophagus true An epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the large intestine. 2010-09-08T09:28:22Z BTO:0004297 FMA:256157 epithelial cell of colon epithelial cell of large intestine true An epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the small intestine. 2010-09-08T09:41:46Z FMA:256159 epithelial cell of small intestine true An epithelial cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A stromal cell of the endometrium that is fibroblastic in appearance. During decidualization this cell may differentiate into a decidual stromal cell. 2010-09-08T09:50:04Z CALOHA:TS-1266 FMA:86490 endometrial stromal cell endometrial stromal fibroblast stromal cell of endometrium true A stromal cell of the endometrium that is fibroblastic in appearance. During decidualization this cell may differentiate into a decidual stromal cell. PMID:11331626 PMID:30013421 PMID:30309298 Wiki:Decidualization&oldid=908981933#Endometrial_stromal_cells_(ESCs) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1040-z endometrial stromal fibroblast PMID:30309298 An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. 2010-09-14T10:57:26Z FMA:63134 endothelial cell of sinusoid An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. 2010-09-10T10:54:42Z FMA:83411 type A cell of stomach A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A D cell located in the colon. 2010-09-10T11:37:35Z FMA:268744 colon D-cell colonic delta cell delta cell of colon type D cell of colon A D cell located in the colon. GOC:tfm A type D cell of the small intestine. 2010-09-10T01:34:22Z FMA:268736 delta cell of small intestine small intestine D-cell small intestine delta cell type D cell of small intestine A type D cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A type D cell found in the stomach. 2010-09-10T01:36:03Z FMA:83410 delta cell of stomach stomach D-cell stomach delta cell type D cell of stomach A type D cell found in the stomach. GOC:tfm A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. 2010-09-10T03:30:31Z BTO:0000805 FMA:70588 MESH:D050418 PP cell of pancreatic islet PP-cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell The term PP cell of pancreatic acinus was obsoleted due to a lack of evidence, making PP cell of pancreatic islets synonymous with pancreatic PP cell. pancreatic PP cell A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of a skin gland. 2010-09-14T12:00:07Z FMA:70657 epithelial cell of gland of skin epithelial cell of skin gland An epithelial cell of a skin gland. GOC:tfm A cell that is part of the nervous system. 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z CALOHA:TS-2096 FMA:63875 MESH:D003239 connective tissue cell true A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the embryo. 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z CALOHA:TS-0263 FMA:82840 FMA:82841 WBbt:0007028 embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell of the embryo. FMA:0618947256 An epithelial cell of the bronchus. 2010-09-20T02:00:00Z BTO:0002922 bronchial epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the bronchus. GOC:tfm A ciliated cell of the bronchus. 2010-09-20T02:21:12Z ciliated cell of the bronchus A ciliated cell of the bronchus. GOC:tfm PMID:18757316 A fat cell derived from a neural crest cell. 2010-09-20T02:25:25Z neural crest derived fat cell A fat cell derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17507398 An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. 2010-09-21T04:33:05Z FMA:75621 endocardial endothelial cell endothelial cell of endocardium endocardial cell An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. GOC:tfm ISSN:0452-3458 endothelial cell of endocardium FMA:75621 A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. 2010-09-21T04:41:06Z pancreatic endocrine progenitor pancreatic islet progenitor cell progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. GOC:tfm PMID:20025937 PMID:20217494 PMID:22728667 A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. 2010-09-22T09:05:13Z gestational hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-60327-246-6 A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. 2010-09-22T10:30:02Z placental hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-1-60327-346-6 A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic cell located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratin sulfate. 2010-09-22T01:57:40Z corneal fibroblast corneal keratocyte keratocyte A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic cell located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratin sulfate. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-0-7020-2958-5 An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. 2010-09-23T04:38:49Z BTO:0004533 airway epithelial cell respiratory epithelial cell true An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. GOC:tfm A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). 2010-09-24T09:44:42Z BTO:0001268 FMA:72300 WBbt:0008378 somatic cell A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z FBbt:00005812 myotubule single cell sarcomere myotube A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. GOC:dos GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22274696 A giioblast cell that develops from a migratory neural crest cell. The SCP is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has no basal lamina. In rodents SCPs are the only cells in the Schwann cell linage that expresses Cdh19. 2010-09-24T02:06:10Z Schwann cell precursor cell Schwann cell precursor A giioblast cell that develops from a migratory neural crest cell. The SCP is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has no basal lamina. In rodents SCPs are the only cells in the Schwann cell linage that expresses Cdh19. GOC:tfm A glial cell that develops from a Schwann cell precursor. The immature Schwann cell is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has a basal lamina. Cells can survive without an axon present. Immature Schwann cell can be found communally ensheathing large groups of axons. 2010-09-24T02:10:31Z Schwann cell ZFA:0001725 immature Schwann cell A glial cell that develops from a Schwann cell precursor. The immature Schwann cell is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has a basal lamina. Cells can survive without an axon present. Immature Schwann cell can be found communally ensheathing large groups of axons. GOC:cvs GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. 2010-10-15T09:24:05Z nucleated reticulocyte true A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. GOC:tfm PMID:18182572 PMID:9011180 PMID:9046052 A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. 2010-10-15T09:24:08Z CALOHA:TS-0864 FMA:66785 enucleated reticulocyte true A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0-12203-052-4 ISBN:0721601464 A progenitor cell of the central nervous system that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes. This cell originates from multiple structures within the developing brain including the medial ganglion eminence and the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells migrate throughout the central nervous system and persist into adulthood where they play an important role in remyelination of injured neurons. 2010-11-10T02:51:34Z O-2A/OPC O2A/OPC oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell oligodendrocyte/type-2 astrocyte progenitor cell MESH:D000073637 This cell type can be purified from optic nerves and other regions of the embryonic, postnatal and adult rat CNS and can be differentiated in vitro to oligodendrocytes and type-2 astrocytes. Some references use the terms 'oligodendrocyte precursor cell' and 'oligodendrocyte type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor' to refer to the same entity (e.g., PMID:10704434), while others describe an oligodendrocyte type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell as the precurosr to oligodendrocyte- and type-2 astrocyte- progenitor cells (e.g, ISBN:9780702028991). oligodendrocyte precursor cell A progenitor cell of the central nervous system that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes. This cell originates from multiple structures within the developing brain including the medial ganglion eminence and the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells migrate throughout the central nervous system and persist into adulthood where they play an important role in remyelination of injured neurons. GOC:tfm PMID:10704434 PMID:11756508 PMID:20142420 PMID:2182078 PMID:24133281 PMID:9826671 O-2A/OPC PMID:24133281 O2A/OPC PMID:11756508 oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell PMID:2253328 oligodendrocyte/type-2 astrocyte progenitor cell PMID:24133281 This cell type can be purified from optic nerves and other regions of the embryonic, postnatal and adult rat CNS and can be differentiated in vitro to oligodendrocytes and type-2 astrocytes. Some references use the terms 'oligodendrocyte precursor cell' and 'oligodendrocyte type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor' to refer to the same entity (e.g., PMID:10704434), while others describe an oligodendrocyte type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell as the precurosr to oligodendrocyte- and type-2 astrocyte- progenitor cells (e.g, ISBN:9780702028991). ISBN:9780702028991 PMID:10704434 PMID:2182078 A specialized cell involved in auditory sensory perception. 2010-12-06T03:18:43Z auditory epithelial cell A specialized cell involved in auditory sensory perception. GOC:tfm A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:83808 FMA:84791 heart cell From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. cardiocyte true A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. GOC:tfm A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z BTO:0002441 FMA:84639 adventitial cell A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. 2011-01-17T03:39:38Z intestinal smooth muscle cell enteric smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the kidney. 2011-02-08T10:46:34Z KUPO:0001019 kidney epithelial cell true An epithelial cell of the kidney. GOC:tfm KUPO:SJ A fat cell that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. 2011-02-21T02:51:22Z subcutaneous adipocyte subcutaneous fat cell true A fat cell that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. 2011-02-28T01:20:20Z small bile duct cholangiocyte intrahepatic cholangiocyte true An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. GOC:tfm PMID:23720296 small bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. 2011-02-28T01:42:12Z BTO:0004577 aortic smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. 2011-02-28T01:47:47Z mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane. 2011-02-28T03:04:35Z chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. 2011-02-28T03:48:11Z FMA:62104 KUPO:0001099 endothelial cell of vein venous endothelial cell vein endothelial cell true An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. GOC:tfm An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. 2011-02-28T04:20:39Z See CL:0002619. embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. 2011-02-28T04:43:41Z fibroblast of the aortic adventitia true A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the heart. 2011-02-28T04:57:44Z cardiac fibroblast fibroblast of cardiac tissue true true A fibroblast that is part of the heart. GOC:tfm 2011-02-28T05:05:33Z fibroblast of dermis true 2011-02-28T05:09:12Z fibroblast of gingiva true A fibroblast that is part of lung. 2011-02-28T05:11:03Z BTO:0000764 CALOHA:TS-0575 fibroblast of lung true A fibroblast that is part of lung. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the periodontium. 2011-02-28T05:19:48Z fibroblast of periodontium true A fibroblast of the periodontium. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. 2011-02-28T05:22:27Z fibroblast of pulmonary artery true A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the intestine. 2011-03-01T05:18:31Z intestinal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord. 2011-03-01T09:55:12Z mesenchymal stem cell of umbilical cord A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. 2011-03-01T09:57:17Z mesenchymal stem cell of adipose mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. 2011-03-01T09:58:51Z hepatic mesenchymal stem cell true A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. 2011-03-01T10:40:27Z vertebral mesenchymal stem cell true A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. GOC:tfm A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system. 2011-03-02T01:19:27Z BTO:0001220 CALOHA:TS-0898 MESH:D012583 A myelinating Schwann cell wraps around a single axon. Myelination occurs in larger diameter axons, while a process called ensheathment occurs on smaller diameter axons in which a single cell wraps around multiple small, unmyelinated axons separating them with a thin layer of cytoplasm. The structure formed is called a Remak bundle. Schwann cell A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system. GOC:tfm PMID:16807057 A myelinating Schwann cell wraps around a single axon. Myelination occurs in larger diameter axons, while a process called ensheathment occurs on smaller diameter axons in which a single cell wraps around multiple small, unmyelinated axons separating them with a thin layer of cytoplasm. The structure formed is called a Remak bundle. PMID:16807057 A stromal cell of the pancreas. 2011-03-02T02:40:41Z stromal cell of pancreas true A stromal cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the placenta. 2011-03-02T03:21:30Z placental epithelial cell true An epithelial cell of the placenta. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. KUPO:0001016 renal cortical epithelial cell true true An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. 2011-03-06T03:28:27Z retinal blood vessel endothelial cell true A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. 2011-03-06T05:00:58Z smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. GOC:tfm A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. 2011-03-06T05:01:20Z smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature true A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:28Z BTO:0003336 smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:48Z smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:52Z smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. GOC:tfm Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:56Z smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. 2011-03-06T05:43:24Z KUPO:0001122 smooth muscle cell of bladder true A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. GC:tfm 2011-03-06T05:46:39Z BTO:0004402 bronchial smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. 2011-03-06T05:48:17Z smooth muscle cell of the esophagus true A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. 2011-03-06T05:50:28Z smooth muscle cell of trachea A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the uterus. 2011-03-06T05:53:28Z uterine smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell of the uterus. GOC:tfm A neuron of the raphe nuclei. 2011-03-06T07:42:06Z raphe nuclei neuron true A neuron of the raphe nuclei. GOC:tfm A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. 2011-03-06T07:46:03Z neuron of the ventral spinal cord true A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of skin. 2011-03-14T12:31:49Z BTO:0001255 CALOHA:TS-0935 skin fibroblast true A fibroblast of skin. GOC:tfm 2011-03-14T12:46:28Z gingival epithelial cell A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. 2011-03-15T11:59:23Z seminiferous tubule epithelial cell true A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. GOC:tfm 2011-06-21T12:28:55Z epithelial cell of upper respiratory tract true 2011-06-21T12:29:31Z epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract true A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. 2011-07-08T03:54:08Z FMA:86489 glandular cell of endometrium A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2011-07-08T03:55:57Z FMA:86548 glandular cell of esophagus true true A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. 2011-07-08T04:03:01Z FMA:87194 glandular cell of the large intestine true A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. 2011-07-11T01:20:35Z CALOHA:TS-1284 FMA:86554 glandular cell of stomach true A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. 2011-07-11T02:45:39Z FMA:83389 myocardial endocrine cell of atrium true A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. 2011-07-11T03:15:38Z CPC cardiovascular progenitor cell Discrepancy in develops from origins prevents me from making the assertion that cardioblasts give rise to all instances of cardiocytes as we state cardiac muscle cells develop from cardiac myoblast, which in turn develop from muscle stem cell. cardioblast A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. GOC:tfm PMID:19745164 CPC PMID:19745164 cardiovascular progenitor cell PMID:17519333 PMID:19745164 A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. 2011-08-16T02:38:01Z retinal progenitor cell A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. GOC:tfm PMID:20959166 PMID:21148186 A skeletal muscle cell that is part of the tongue. 2011-08-16T03:10:02Z tongue muscle cell A skeletal muscle cell that is part of the tongue. GOC:tfm PMID:18816858 A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. 2011-08-22T09:24:15Z neural crest derived neuroblast A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17407019 A PP cell found in intestine. 2011-09-27T11:59:01Z PP cell of intestine true A PP cell found in intestine. GOC:tfm PMID:2420136 PMID:728970 2011-10-25T03:49:41Z kidney cortical cell true A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240. spinal cord interneuron true A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. CL:CVS A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system. renal principal cell A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system. CL:CVS A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilia. MCC multi-ciliated cell multiciliated cell multiciliated epithelial cell multi-ciliated epithelial cell A ciliated epithelial cell with many cilia. CL:CVS A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. somatic motor neuron somatomotor neuron A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. ZFIN:CVS Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. hepatoblast https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. GOC:CVS PMID:18356246 PMID:20483998 PMID:26798363 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-6740 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. 2012-06-15T01:27:01Z unsure of neural crest contribution. In VSAO we have develops_from CL:0000008 preameloblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into an ameloblast. Located in the inner enamel epithelium, these cells elongate, their nuclei shift distally (away from the dental papilla), and their cytoplasm becomes filled with organelles needed for synthesis and secretion of enamel proteins. GO_REF:0000034 PMCID:PMC2737325 Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z scleroblast Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts) skeletogenic cell Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). GO_REF:0000034 scleroblast GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. 2012-06-15T04:37:13Z precementoblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast. GO_REF:0000034 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. 2012-06-15T05:15:11Z preodontoblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. GO_REF:0000034 Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z premigratory neural crest cell Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. UBERONREF:0000002 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z prechondroblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. GO_REF:0000034 Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. non-striated muscle cell Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. GOC:DOS Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. hematopoietic precursor cell Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. GOC:dos A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. MESH:D018485 skeletal muscle fiber A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. FBbt:00005070 visceral muscle cell A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. GOC:dos A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. GOC:dos A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. transversely striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. GOC:dos A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. myogenic precursor cell The vast majority of these cells develop from skeletal muscle satellite cells, although there are some reports of other origins. adult skeletal muscle myoblast A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. PMID:23303905 myogenic precursor cell PMID:23303905 A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. mesenchyme cell mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. endocardial cushion cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. PMID:18816864 An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. pancreatic endocrine cell An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. GOC:dos A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. noradrenergic neuron A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. GOC:dos 2017-07-09T19:12:36Z visual system neuron An interneuron that has its soma located in the cerebral cortex. cerebral cortex interneuron cortical interneuron Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. 2020-02-29T17:33:55Z mural cell Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194 2020-02-29T17:37:00Z microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. spinal sensory neuron sensory neuron of spinal nerve A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. GOC:nv GOC:pr Any cell in the compound eye, a light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. GOC:pr PMID:12021768 compound eye retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. PMID:10702418 retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. GOC:pr An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. small intestine enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of small intestine An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. lamina propria lymphocyte of large intestine This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. lymphocyte of large intestine lamina propria A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A kidney cortical cell that is part of the nephrogenic zone. cortical nephrogenic niche cell cortical nephrogenic zone cell nephrogenic zone cell A kidney cortical cell that is part of the nephrogenic zone. PMID:29449449 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-0115 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of large intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. mesothelial cell of small intestine A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. mesothelial cell of large intestine mesothelial cell of colon A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. stromal cell of colon lamina propria stromal cell of lamina propria of colon A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. colon enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of colon An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are the effector compartments of the gut mucosal immune system. Lymphocytes circulate through gut associated lymphoid tissues until recruitment by intestinal antigens. They are involved in the gut immune response. gastrointestinal tract small intestine (lamina propria) leukocyte small intestine lamina propria leukocyte small intestine lamina propria leukocyte (LPL) gastrointestinal tract (lamina propria) lymphocyte of small intestine lamina propria lymphocyte of small intestine small intestine lamina propria lymphocyte This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. lymphocyte of small intestine lamina propria A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are the effector compartments of the gut mucosal immune system. Lymphocytes circulate through gut associated lymphoid tissues until recruitment by intestinal antigens. They are involved in the gut immune response. PMID:26551552 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A T cell that is located in the anorectum. This is a general grouping term created for use in the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas anatomograms. Please use a more specific cell type term for annotation if possible, given the information available to you. T cell of anorectum A T cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of anorectum A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. stromal cell of anorectum lamina propria A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of anorectum An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland. 2021-11-30T16:13:30Z EFO:0010710 endometrial glandular epithelial cell epithelial cell of endometrial gland An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. 2021-12-13T13:53:01Z EFO:0010708 placental endothelial cell endothelial cell of placenta An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. 2021-12-13T13:56:42Z EFO:0010709 placental smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of placenta A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. 2021-12-13T14:01:05Z portal endothelial cell EFO:0010704 endothelial cell of hepatic portal vein An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. PMID:30348985 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus. 2021-12-13T14:39:25Z EFO:0010711 uterine endothelial cell endothelial cell of uterus An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. 2022-02-21T15:39:10Z embryonic skeletal muscle fiber A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. PMID:32094117 PMID:7196501 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-601X A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. 2022-03-17T12:00:44Z portal fibroblast hepatic portal fibroblast A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. PMID:20209607 PMID:24814904 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow stromal cell stromal cell of bone marrow An epithelial cell that is part_of a umbilical artery. umbilical artery epithelial cell epithelial cell of umbilical artery A mononuclear cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow mononuclear cell mononuclear cell of bone marrow cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell His-Purkinje system cell cardiac endothelial cell camera type eye photoreceptor cell camera-type eye photoreceptor cell A CNS neuron of the cerebral cortex. BTO:0004102 FMA:84104 cortical neuron neuron of cerebral cortex cerebral cortex neuron https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1359 A CNS neuron of the cerebral cortex. GOC:tfm A zygote in a plant or an animal. MESH:D015053 zygote cardiac glial cell MESH:D032386 cardiac myoblast A neuron that has its soma in the heart. This term is used in 3 GO terms that were created as part of the heart development focus project. cardiac neuron https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/pull/1488 A neuron that has its soma in the heart. PMID:12486170 PMID:29265764 A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. spinal cord motor neuron true A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. GOC:nv A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. paraxial mesoderm cell somitic mesoderm cell presomitic mesoderm cell paraxial cell A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. GOC:NV PMID:11687492 A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. neural crest cell A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). motile sperm cell A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). PMID:30612620 A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion. flagellated sperm cell A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion. PMID:30612620 https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/flagellum A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium. mesothelial cell of epicardium A fibroblast that is part of upper back skin. fibroblast of upper back skin A fibroblast that is part of skin of back. fibroblast of skin of back A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. progenitor cell A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. ISBN:978-1-62808-994-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409503-8.00002-0 Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. skeleton muscle fibroblast skeletal muscle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. PMID:28369879 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-0667 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. DMEC cell dermal microvascular endothelium cell dermal microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. BTO:0004574 CL:patterns/cellPartOfAnatomicalEntity Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. chorionic trophoblast cell Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. GOC:NV Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. colonic epithelial cell colon epithelial cell Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. GOC:NV A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. precursor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. GOC:dos A CNS neuron of the forebrain. forebrain neuron neuron of the forebrain true Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. 2010-05-25T01:36:34Z neutrophillic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. 2009-12-22T04:23:25Z eosinophilic acidophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. 2009-12-22T04:24:54Z basophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. 2009-12-28T04:25:23Z polychromatophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. 2009-12-23T10:53:24Z increased nucleus size A nucleus size quality which is relatively high compared to the amount of cytoplasm present in the same cell. GOC:tfm Any serous secreting cell that is part of the tracheobronchial epithelium. 2020-05-07T16:03:27Z serous cell of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial serous cell Any chondrocyte that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. 2020-05-07T17:29:51Z chondrocyte of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial chondrocyte A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. 2020-07-21T12:42:48Z smooth muscle cell of blood vessel blood vessel smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. PMID:9108778 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. 2020-07-21T12:50:22Z smooth muscle cell of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. PMID:10853867 An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. 2020-09-03T12:24:24Z large bile duct cholangiocyte extrahepatic cholangiocyte An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. PMID:23720296 large bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. 2020-09-09T13:56:47Z EFO:0010705 periportal LSEC periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 periportal LSEC PMID:28287163 periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. 2020-09-10T12:38:29Z EFO:0010706 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell pericentral LSEC endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 pericentral LSEC PMID:28287163 forebrain neuroblast pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell stomach neuroendocrine cell lung neuroendocrine cell lung ciliated cell lung secretory cell trophectoderm cell trophectodermal cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. FMA:15050 non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine smooth muscle cell of small intestine true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine FMA:15050 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. FMA:15058 non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum smooth muscle fiber of duodenum true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum FMA:15058 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. FMA:15653 non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine smooth muscle cell of large intestine true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine FMA:15653 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. FMA:15663 non-striated muscle fiber of colon smooth muscle cell of colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of colon FMA:15663 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. FMA:17521 non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon smooth muscle cell of sigmoid colon true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon FMA:17521 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. FMA:17522 non-striated muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle cell of rectum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of rectum FMA:17522 An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra. FMA:256165 epithelial cell of urethra true An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the dura mater. FMA:256516 squamous mesothelial cell of dura mater mesothelial cell of dura mater true A mesothelial cell that is part of the dura mater. GOC:tfm squamous mesothelial cell of dura mater FMA:256516 A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. FMA:261279 fibroblast of areolar connective tissue true A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. FMA:261285 fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery true A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. FMA:261287 fibroblast of dense regular elastic tissue A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. GOC:tfm A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat. FMA:261293 adipocyte of epicardial fat epicardial fat cell epicardial adipocyte A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat. GOC:tfm adipocyte of epicardial fat FMA:261293 epicardial fat cell FMA:261293 A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. FMA:261297 epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle epicardial fat cell of right ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle FMA:261297 epicardial fat cell of right ventricle FMA:261297 A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. FMA:261300 epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle epicardial fat cell of left ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle FMA:261300 epicardial fat cell of left ventricle FMA:261300 A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. FMA:263078 serous cell of epithelium of trachea A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. GOC:tfm A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. FMA:263080 serous cell of epithelium of bronchus A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. GOC:tfm A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. FMA:263082 serous cell of epithelium of terminal bronchiole A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. FMA:263152 transitional myocyte of interatrial septum true A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263154 transitional myocyte of interventricular septum true A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263182 Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum true A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. BTO:000125 FMA:62911 LSEC endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid liver sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. GOC:tfm PMID:3926620 LSEC PMID:30348985 endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid FMA:62911 liver sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 SA nodal myocyte SA node cardiac muscle cell myocyte of sinoatrial node sinoatrial node cell sinoatrial node myocyte sinuatrial node myocyte myocyte of sinoatrial node A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 GOC:tfm SA nodal myocyte FMA:67102 SA node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr myocyte of sinoatrial node FMA:67102 sinoatrial node cell GOC:pr sinuatrial node myocyte FMA:67102 A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 AV nodal myocyte AV node cardiac muscle cell AV node cell atrioventricular node cell atrioventricular node myocyte myocyte of atrioventricular node A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 GOC:tfm AV nodal myocyte FMA:67106 AV node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr AV node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node myocyte FMA:67106 An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. FMA:67760 KUPO:0001097 endothelial cell of arteriole true An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. BTO:0004758 FMA:67761 KUPO:0001095 arterial endothelial cell endothelial cell of artery A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. FMA:67762 endothelial cell of venule true An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. FMA:67780 epithelial cell of gallbladder true An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. GOC:tfm A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. FMA:70541 epidermal stem cell stem cell of epidermis true A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. GOC:tfm epidermal stem cell FMA:70541 An epithelial cell that is part of the external acoustic meatus. FMA:70555 epithelial cell of external acoustic meatus true An epithelial cell that is part of the external acoustic meatus. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. FMA:70610 smooth muscle cell of ciliary body ciliary muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. GOC:tfm smooth muscle cell of ciliary body FMA:70610 A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. FMA:70615 mesothelial cell of anterior chamber of eye true A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. FMA:70965 epithelial cell of nephron An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. FMA:70982 KUPO:0001059 epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule kidney collecting duct epithelial cell true true An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule FMA:70982 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. FMA:72142 mesothelial cell of parietal peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. FMA:72143 mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:83384 transitinal myocyte of sinuatrial node transitional myocyte of sinoatrial node true A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:83386 Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node true A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:83390 myocardial endocrine cell of interventricular septum true A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. FMA:86481 epithelial cell of bile duct cholangiocyte true An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. GOC:tfm PMID:16550043 PMID:18356246 A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. FMA:86736 peritoneal mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of peritoneum true A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. GOC:tfm peritoneal mesothelial cell FMA:86736 A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. FMA:86737 pleural mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of pleura true A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. GOC:tfm pleural mesothelial cell FMA:86737 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. FMA:86738 mesothelial cell of parietal pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. FMA:86739 mesothelial cell of visceral pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule. FMA:86785 KUPO:0001022 kidney tubule epithelial cell This needs to be further defined as a juxtamedullary nephron. Will request the juxtamedullary nephron tubule class from UBERON. nephron tubule epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule. GOC:tfm KUPO:0001010 kidney cell KUPO:0001013 kidney interstitial cell true KUPO:0001018 kidney pelvis cell true KUPO:0001020 kidney tubule cell true KUPO:0001063 kidney cortex collecting duct epithelial cell KUPO:0001115 lower urinary tract cell true KUPO:0001116 ureteral cell true KUPO:0001015 kidney nerve cell KUPO:0001091 kidney cortex interstitial cell true KUPO:0001102 kidney interstitial fibroblast KUPO:0001113 kidney pelvis smooth muscle cell true true KUPO:0001119 ureter adventitial cell true KUPO:0001130 kidney cortex collecting duct principal cell true KUPO:0001118 ureter smooth muscle cell true true KUPO:0001012 Wikipedia:Kidney_collecting_duct_cell kidney collecting duct cell true KUPO:0001120 bladder cell KUPO:0001123 urethra cell KUPO:0001128 kidney collecting duct principal cell true An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. FMA:70986 exocrine pancreas cell epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. GOC:tfm The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. intestinal enteroendocrine cell The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. MP:0010802 endothelial cell of lung pulmonary vessel endothelial cell lung endothelial cell BTO:0001141 PAEC cell pulmonary artery endothelial cell PAEC cell BTO:0001141 A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. CALOHA:TS-2397 colon endothelial cells colonic endothelial cell colon endothelial cell A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. NPX:PDR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 colon endothelial cells CALOHA:TS-2397 colonic endothelial cell CALOHA:TS-2397 Cell of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. CALOHA:TS-2398 nasopharynx respiratory epithelial cells nasopharyngeal epithelial cell Cell of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. NPX:PDR nasopharynx respiratory epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-2398 Squamous cell of oral epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous cell oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells oral mucosa squamous cell Squamous cell of oral epithelium. NPX:PDR oral cavity mucosa squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1252 Glial cell of cerebral cortex. CALOHA:TS-1256 brain cortex glial cell cerebral cortex glial cells cerebrum cortex glial cell cerebral cortex glial cell Glial cell of cerebral cortex. NPX:PDR brain cortex glial cell CALOHA:TS-1256 cerebral cortex glial cells CALOHA:TS-1256 cerebrum cortex glial cell CALOHA:TS-1256 Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1274 colon glandular cells colon glandular cell Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR colon glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1274 Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. CALOHA:TS-1275 duodenum glandular cells duodenum glandular cell Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. NPX:PDR duodenum glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1275 Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1276 epididymal glandular cell epididymis glandular cells epididymis glandular cell Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium. NPX:PDR epididymal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1276 epididymis glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1276 Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells. CALOHA:TS-1277 fallopian tube glandular cell fallopian tube glandular cells uterine tube glandular cell oviduct glandular cell Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR fallopian tube glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1277 fallopian tube glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1277 uterine tube glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1277 Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1278 gall bladder glandular cell gall bladder glandular cells gallbladder glandular cells gallbladder glandular cell Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. NPX:PDR gall bladder glandular cell FMA:7202 gall bladder glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1278 gallbladder glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1278 Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1281 rectal glandular cell rectum glandular cells rectum glandular cell Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR rectal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1281 rectum glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1281 Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1283 seminal vesicle glandular cells seminal vesicle glandular cell Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium. NPX:PDR seminal vesicle glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1283 A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . CALOHA:TS-1286 FMA:86928 small bowel glandular cell small intestinal glandular cell small intestine glandular cells small intestine glandular cell A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell NPX:PDR small bowel glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1286 small intestinal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1286 small intestine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1286 Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-1242 exocrine pancreas glandular cell pancreas exocrine glandular cells pancreas exocrine glandular cell Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR exocrine pancreas glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1242 pancreas exocrine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1242 Endothelial cells forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex. CALOHA:TS-2372 cerebral cortex endothelial cells endothelial cells of cerebral cortex cerebral cortex endothelial cell Endothelial cells forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex. NPX:PDR cerebral cortex endothelial cells CALOHA:TS-2372 endothelial cells of cerebral cortex CALOHA:TS-2372 Fibroblast from muscle organ. CALOHA:TS-0643 muscle fibroblast Fibroblast from muscle organ. NPX:PDR Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow hematopoietic cells bone marrow poietic cells bone marrow hematopoietic cell Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. NPX:PDR bone marrow hematopoietic cells CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow poietic cells CALOHA:TS-2109 A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. 2014-02-11T17:29:04Z CL:2000001 peripheral blood mononuclear cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. GOC:TermGenie A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. 2014-02-20T23:06:41Z BTO:0002770 BTO:0005756 NCIT:C32429 decidua cell decidual stromal cell CL:2000002 decidual cell A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. BTO:0002770 NCIT:C32429 PMID:30013421 PMID:30429548 Wiki:Decidual_cells&oldid=937509751 Wiki:Decidualization&oldid=908981933 decidua cell BTO:0002770 NCIT:C32429 decidual stromal cell BTO:0005756 PMID:11719592 Any macroglial cell that is part of a brain. 2014-03-28T21:35:27Z CL:2000005 brain macroglial cell Any macroglial cell that is part of a brain. GOC:TermGenie Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. 2014-06-04T15:07:42Z CL:2000008 microvascular endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. 2014-06-04T15:12:06Z CL:2000010 dermis blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a pedal digit skin. 2014-06-04T15:16:44Z CL:2000012 fibroblast of pedal digit skin Any skin fibroblast that is part of a pedal digit skin. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. 2014-06-04T15:18:16Z CL:2000013 fibroblast of skin of abdomen Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a upper leg skin. 2014-06-04T15:19:44Z CL:2000014 fibroblast of upper leg skin Any skin fibroblast that is part of a upper leg skin. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a arm. 2014-06-04T15:29:06Z CL:2000015 fibroblast of arm Any skin fibroblast that is part of a arm. GOC:TermGenie Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. 2014-06-04T16:00:56Z CL:2000016 lung microvascular endothelial cell Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a periodontal ligament. 2014-06-04T16:50:33Z CL:2000017 fibroblast of peridontal ligament Any fibroblast that is part of a periodontal ligament. GOC:TermGenie Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. 2014-06-24T23:16:45Z FBbt:00004211 CL:2000019 compound eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. 2014-06-24T23:16:53Z CL:2000020 inner cell mass cell Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z CL:2000022 cardiac septum cell Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. GOC:TermGenie Any oligodendrocyte that is part of a spinal cord. 2014-06-25T00:23:50Z CL:2000025 spinal cord oligodendrocyte Any oligodendrocyte that is part of a spinal cord. GOC:TermGenie Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z CL:2000029 central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. GOC:TermGenie A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. 2014-06-25T02:28:17Z FMA:84664 PNS neuron peripheral neuron CL:2000032 peripheral nervous system neuron A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. GOC:TermGenie ISBN:0721662544 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. 2014-07-09T00:04:47Z CL:2000040 bladder microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. 2014-07-09T00:12:00Z CL:2000042 embryonic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. 2014-07-09T00:24:53Z CL:2000044 brain microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. GOC:TermGenie Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. 2014-08-12T20:50:28Z CL:2000046 ventricular cardiac muscle cell Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. 2014-10-02T23:52:53Z CL:2000047 brainstem motor neuron Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. 2014-10-06T18:58:47Z CL:2000051 splenic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord. 2014-10-06T19:01:48Z CL:2000052 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=8010 umbilical artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. 2014-10-06T19:06:04Z CL:2000053 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5500 splenic endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver. 2014-10-06T19:16:11Z hepatic dendritic cell CL:2000055 http://www.jleukbio.org/content/66/2/322.abstract liver dendritic cell Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver. GOC:TermGenie A trophoblast of placental villi. These cells fuse to form synctial trophoplast - the placental side of the interface between the placenta and maternal blood sinusoids in the decidua. 2014-10-07T17:48:27Z BTO:0006119 BTO:0006208 vCTB villous cytotrophoblast CL:2000060 Same as synctial trophoblast? placental villous trophoblast http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7120 A trophoblast of placental villi. These cells fuse to form synctial trophoplast - the placental side of the interface between the placenta and maternal blood sinusoids in the decidua. PMID:31049600 vCTB PMID:31049600 Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta. 2014-10-07T17:51:11Z CL:2000061 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7140 placental amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta. GOC:TermGenie Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. 2014-10-07T17:55:56Z CL:2000062 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53245/ placental villus capillary endothelial cell Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. 2014-10-07T17:57:42Z CL:2000063 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7330 ovarian fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. 2014-10-07T17:59:13Z CL:2000064 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7310 ovarian surface epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a female urethra. 2014-10-07T18:18:01Z CL:2000065 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7300 ovarian microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a female urethra. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. 2014-10-07T18:35:38Z CL:2000066 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6310 cardiac ventricle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. 2014-10-07T18:36:54Z CL:2000067 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6320 cardiac atrium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. 2014-10-07T18:38:06Z CL:2000068 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6430 pericardium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. 2014-10-07T18:41:43Z CL:2000069 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5430 gallbladder fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. 2014-10-07T18:50:43Z CL:2000070 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6620 optic choroid fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. 2014-10-07T22:13:45Z CL:2000072 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7200 adipose microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. GOC:TermGenie Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. 2014-11-05T01:18:43Z cardiac neural crest cell CL:2000073 migratory cardiac neural crest cell Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. GOC:TermGenie cardiac neural crest cell PMID:33060096 Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. 2014-11-05T01:26:50Z CL:2000074 Splenocytes is a vague term that refers to any one of the different white blood cell types in the spleen. This name is seen many references as such and is not explained further, necessitating a need for this terminology. splenocyte Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any vein endothelial cell that is part of a hindlimb stylopod. 2014-12-02T18:40:47Z CL:2000076 hindlimb stylopod vein endothelial cell Any vein endothelial cell that is part of a hindlimb stylopod. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow that is part of a femur. 2014-12-02T19:07:31Z CL:2000079 mesenchymal stem cell of femoral bone marrow Any mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow that is part of a femur. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. 2014-12-02T19:10:34Z mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose CL:2000080 mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord. 2014-12-02T20:14:16Z CL:2000085 mononuclear cell of umbilical cord Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a endometrial blood vessel. 2015-03-31T21:02:36Z CL:2000091 endometrial microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a endometrial blood vessel. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus. 2015-03-31T21:16:22Z CL:2000093 bronchus fibroblast of lung Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus. GOC:TermGenie Any hematopoietic stem cell that is part of a umbilical cord blood. 2015-05-26T18:58:34Z CL:2000095 cord blood hematopoietic stem cell Any hematopoietic stem cell that is part of a umbilical cord blood. GOC:TermGenie A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2019-02-09T16:40:30Z CL:3000000 ciliated epithelial cell of esophagus A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:29802404 Peripheral sensory neuron. 2019-02-25T19:34:33Z CL:3000004 peripheral sensory neuron Peripheral sensory neuron. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:30096314 A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. brain vascular cell A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. midbrain-derived inhibitory neuron A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A glial cell that myelinates axonal processes. myelinating glial cell A glial cell that myelinates axonal processes. DOI:10.1007/3-540-29623-9_3240 A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. somatosensory neuron A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. PMID:22865660 Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a lung. 2021-11-23T02:31:40Z lung capillary endothelial cell pulmonary capillary endothelial cell A fibroblast that is located in the renal cortical interstitium. 2022-07-05T15:50:17Z kidney cortical fibroblast Renal cortical fibroblasts have key roles in mediating intercellular communication with neighboring/infiltrating cells and extracellular matrix and maintenance of renal tissue architecture. They additionally have an endocrine function in the production of epoetin. renal cortical fibroblast A fibroblast that is located in the renal cortical interstitium. PMID:10559635 Renal cortical fibroblasts have key roles in mediating intercellular communication with neighboring/infiltrating cells and extracellular matrix and maintenance of renal tissue architecture. They additionally have an endocrine function in the production of epoetin. PMID:16230044 A lymphocyte located in blood. 2022-11-04T14:40:00Z blood lymphocyte A lymphocyte located in blood. Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes. 2022-11-30T14:35:08Z interstitial cell Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes. PMID:24987007 A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. 2023-01-25T11:06:01Z ciliated cell of the respiratory tract respiratory ciliated cell A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. PMID:18757316 PMID:21364219 A dental pulp cell that possesses stem-cell-like qualities, including self-renewal capability and multi-lineage differentiation. 2023-01-10T14:02:02Z DPSC dental pulp stem cell A dental pulp cell that possesses stem-cell-like qualities, including self-renewal capability and multi-lineage differentiation. DOI:10.1177/154405910208100806 DPSC A ciliated cell of the endometrial epithelium. The cilia of this cell type help move mucus from glandular tissue of the endometrium. 2023-02-09T11:25:14Z ciliated cell of the uterus uterine ciliated cell ciliated cell of the endometrium endometrium ciliated epithelial cell In human samples, the expression of FOXJ1 protein, a regulator for motile cilia with epithelial lineage identity, has been noted. endometrial ciliated epithelial cell A ciliated cell of the endometrial epithelium. The cilia of this cell type help move mucus from glandular tissue of the endometrium. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1040-z https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/single+cell+type/Glandular+epithelial+cells#endometrialciliatedcells In human samples, the expression of FOXJ1 protein, a regulator for motile cilia with epithelial lineage identity, has been noted. ttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1040-z A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. PMID:5487122 PMID:9651178 A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. vein endothelial cell of respiratory system A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. PMID:34030460 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a bronchiole. 2023-03-16T09:38:17Z bronchiolar smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of a bronchiole. ISBN:9781260462982 PMID:15347627 A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. 2023-03-16T11:31:23Z lung MKs lung megakaryocyte A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. PMID:33351116 lung MKs PMID:33351116 A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea. 2023-03-16T13:03:13Z tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell mucus secreting cell of trachea gland A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea. PMID:18931053 PMID:29656943 tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell PMID:18931053 A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus. 2023-03-16T15:12:52Z bronchial gland mucous cell mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus. PMID:19965983 bronchial gland mucous cell PMID:5487122 A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree. 2023-04-20T10:55:50Z mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree. PMID:30864819 A taste receptor cell that is part of a taste bud of a tongue. 2023-05-03T07:59:58Z gustatory cell of tongue taste receptor cell of tongue A taste receptor cell that is part of a taste bud of a tongue. DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01137.x PMID:10052456 PMID:28655883 http://www.nejohnston.org/Birds/documents/AvianTongues_Johnston.pdf gustatory cell of tongue DOI:10.1016/s0022-5320(69)80043-2 A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. 2023-05-18T12:07:45Z Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis. catecholaminergic neuron A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. ISBN:0521442516 PMID:12094209 Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis. PMID:10191060 PMID:12128258 PMID:34880760 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 The length of a body that includes the tail. total length This is measured from the snout to the end of the tail along the anterior-posterior axis in four-legged vertebrates. body length with tail The length of a body that includes the tail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a body that excludes a tail. head-body length snout-vent length This is measured from the snout to before the tail, usually ending at the anus in four-legged vertebrates. body length without tail The length of a body that excludes a tail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 A length measurement of a hindfoot that includes the nail. The length of a hindfoot that includes the nail. hindfoot length length with nail hindfoot length pes length with nail A length measurement of a hindfoot that includes the nail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a hindfoot that includes the nail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a hindfoot that excludes the nail. hindfoot length without nail hindfoot length pes length without nail The length of a hindfoot that excludes the nail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to an intertragus insicusure of an ear. ear length to notch The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to an intertragus insicusure of an ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length from a lateral condyle of femur to a greater trochanter of a femur. femur lateral length femur greatest length (GL) femur maximal length (M1) femur length from greater trochanter to lateral condyle The length from a lateral condyle of femur to a greater trochanter of a femur. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x femur greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 femur maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The length from a medial condyle of femur to a head of femur. femur greatest length from caput femoris (GLC) femur medial length term doesn't exist, it should be lateral condyle obsolete femur length from caput to medial condyle true OBSOLETE The length from a medial condyle of femur to a head of femur. ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x femur greatest length from caput femoris (GLC) ISBN:9780873659505 The length from a trochlea of a humerus to a proximal head of a humerus (caput). humerus greatest length from caput (GLC) humerus maximal length from caput (M2) humerus length from trochlea to caput The length from a trochlea of a humerus to a proximal head of a humerus (caput). ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x humerus greatest length from caput (GLC) ISBN:9780873659505 humerus maximal length from caput (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length from a trochlea of a humerus to a ventral tubercle (greater tubercle) of a humerus. humerus length from trochlea to ventral tubercle humerus greatest length (GL) humerus maximal length (M1) humerus length from trochlea to greater tubercle The length from a trochlea of a humerus to a ventral tubercle (greater tubercle) of a humerus. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x humerus greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 humerus maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE Medial-lateral width of the distal end of an astragalus. astragalus greatest breadth distal talus distal width ML talus head width Redundant with FOVT:0000017 astragalus head breadth obsolete talus distal articular breadth true OBSOLETE Length between the proximal-most points of the medial and lateral trochlear ridges of an astragalus. breadth of the trochlea breadth of the trochlea of talus This is not a measurement FOVT has a need for. obsolete width of the trochlea of talus true The length of the lateral side of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. talus lateral length astragalus greatest length of the lateral half (GLl) astragalus lateral length The length of the lateral side of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus greatest length of the lateral half (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE The depth of the medial ridge of a trochlea of an astragalus along the anterior-posterior axis. astragalus medial depth astragalus medial width AP talus medial width AP duplicate term obsolete talus medial depth true OBSOLETE Length of the lateral side of an astragalus. Redundant term obsolete length of the lateral side of talus true The length of the medial side of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. talus medial length astragalus greatest length of the medial half (GLm) astragalus medial length The length of the medial side of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus greatest length of the medial half (GLm) ISBN:9780873659505 The length an astragalus head (distal articular facet, facet for the navicular) along the medial-lateral axis. astragalus distal articular width talus distal articular breadth astragalus breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) astragalus distal articular breadth (M6) The points for this measurement are the medial-most point on the articular surface for the calcaneum on the astragalus (talus) to the lateral-most point of the trochleated head of an astragalus (talus). astragalus distal articular breadth The length an astragalus head (distal articular facet, facet for the navicular) along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus distal articular breadth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of an astragalus head (distal articular facet, facet for the navicular). talus distal articular depth astragalus distal articular depth (M5) This measurement is perpendicular to the astragalus distal articular breadth measurement. astragalus distal articular depth The length of an astragalus head (distal articular facet, facet for the navicular). ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 astragalus distal articular depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. astragalus greatest height (GH) astragalus maximal length (M1) talus length astragalus length The length of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus greatest height (GH) ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 astragalus length ISBN:9780873659505 The width of an astragalus (talus) along the medial-lateral axis. astragalus width talus breadth astragalus greatest breadth (GB) astragalus maximal breadth (M4) astragalus breadth The width of an astragalus (talus) along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 astragalus greatest breadth (GB) ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus maximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The maximal length of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis. calcaneus greatest length (GL) calcaneus maximal length (M1) calcaneus length The maximal length of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 calcaneus greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 calcaneus maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal end of a caclcaneus along the medial-lateral axis. calcaneus distal width calcaneus distal maximal breadth (M6) calcaneus greatest breadth (GB) This measurement is taken from the lateral side of the middle articular facet for talus of calcaneus to the medial side of the curboid facet of calcaneum. calcaneus distal breadth The length of a distal end of a caclcaneus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 calcaneus distal maximal breadth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus greatest breadth (GB) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of a tibia along the proximal-distal axis. tibia length of the lateral part (LI) tibia lateral length The length of the lateral side of a tibia along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 tibia length of the lateral part (LI) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE The width of shaft or diaphysis of a tibia. tibia width unneeded term obsolete tibia diaphysis width true OBSOLETE The width of shaft or diaphysis of a tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The width of the proximal end of a tibia. breadth of proximal end of tibia not needed obsolete tibia proximal width true OBSOLETE The width of the proximal end of a tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The width of the distal end of a tibia. breadth of distal end of tibia not needed obsolete tibia distal width true OBSOLETE The width of the distal end of a tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The depth of the distal end of a tibia. tibia distal width ML duplicate term obsolete tibia distal breadth true The length of a tooth row. tooth row length The length of a tooth row. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 Body length from tip of nose (snout) to cloaca. body length without tail head-body length snout-vent length Body length from tip of nose (snout) to cloaca. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to a tragus of an ear. This measurement is often taken in bats. ear length to tragus The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to a tragus of an ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a distal epiphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. tibia distal width tibia breadth of the distal end (Bd) tibia distal maximal breadth (M7) tibia distal breadth The length of a distal epiphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x tibia breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 tibia distal maximal breadth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal epiphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis. tibia depth of the distal end (Dd) tibia distal maximal depth (M8) tibia distal depth The length of a distal epiphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x tibia distal maximal depth (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. tibia proximal width tibia breadth of the proximal end (Bp) tibia proximal maximal breadth (M5) tibia proximal breadth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x tibia breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 tibia proximal maximal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis. tibia proximal maximal depth (M6) tibia proximal depth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x tibia proximal maximal depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a diaphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. tibia diaphysis width tibia minimal breadth (M3) tibia smallest diameter of diaphysis (SD) tibia diaphysis breadth The length of a diaphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 tibia minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 tibia smallest diameter of diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a diaphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis. tibia minimal depth of diaphysis (M4) tibia diaphysis depth The length of a diaphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 tibia minimal depth of diaphysis (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the medial side of a tibia along the proximal-distal axis. tibia medial length (M2) tibia medial length The length of the medial side of a tibia along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 tibia medial length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The greatest length of a tibia from the proximal-most point of a tibia to the distal-most point of a tibia. duplicate of a term in OBA obsolete tibia greatest length true OBSOLETE The greatest length of a tibia from the proximal-most point of a tibia to the distal-most point of a tibia. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The circumference of a diaphysis of a tibia. tibia smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) tibia diaphysis circumference The circumference of a diaphysis of a tibia. ISBN:9780873659505 tibia smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. femur proximal width femur breadth of proximal end (Bp) femur proximal maximal breadth (M5) femur proximal breadth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 femur breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 femur proximal maximal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the lesser trochanter of femur along the medial-lateral axis. femur trochanter width femur breadth of the region of the trochanter tertius (BTr) femur trochanter breadth The length of the lesser trochanter of femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 femur breadth of the region of the trochanter tertius (BTr) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a head of femur along the anterior-posterior axis. femur depth of the caput femoris (DC) femur maximal depth of caput femoris (M10) femur caput depth The length of a head of femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 femur depth of the caput femoris (DC) ISBN:9780873659505 femur maximal depth of caput femoris (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a diaphysis of femur along the medial-lateral axis. femur diaphysis width femur minimal breadth (M3) femur smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) femur diaphysis breadth The length of a diaphysis of femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 femur minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 femur smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a femur. femur circumference of the diaphysis (CD) femur diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a femur. ISBN:9780873659505 femur circumference of the diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a distal epiphysis of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. femur distal width femur breadth of the distal end (Bd) femur distal maximal breadth (M7) femur distal breadth The length of a distal epiphysis of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x femur breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 femur distal maximal breadth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. femur proximal maximal depth (M6) femur proximal depth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 femur proximal maximal depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal epiphysis of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. femur distal maximal depth (M8) femur distal depth The length of a distal epiphysis of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 femur distal maximal depth (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the medial condyle (trochlea) of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. femur trochlea with femur maximal breadth of the trochlea (M9) femur trochlea breadth The length of the medial condyle (trochlea) of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 femur maximal breadth of the trochlea (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a diaphysis of femur along the anterior-posterior axis. femur diameter perpendicular to, and at the level of, femur diaphysis breadth (M4) femur diaphysis depth The length of a diaphysis of femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 femur diameter perpendicular to, and at the level of, femur diaphysis breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a diaphysis of humerus along the medial-lateral axis. humerus diaphysis width humerus minimal breadth (M3) humerus smallest breadth of diaphysis (SD) humerus diaphysis breadth The length of a diaphysis of humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 humerus minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 humerus smallest breadth of diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. humerus proximal width humerus breadth of the proximal end (Bp) humerus proximal maximal breadth (M5) This is often measured at the epicondyles. humerus proximal breadth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x humerus breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 humerus proximal maximal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a trochlea of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. humerus trochlea width humerus breadth of trochlea (BT) humerus maximal breadth of the trochlea (M7) humerus trochlea breadth The length of a trochlea of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x humerus breadth of trochlea (BT) ISBN:9780873659505 humerus maximal breadth of the trochlea (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal epiphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. humerus distal maximal depth (M8) humerus distal depth The length of a distal epiphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 humerus distal maximal depth (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. humerus depth of the proximal end (Dp) humerus proximal depth at the level of the median turbecle (M6) This is measured at the level of the median tubercle. humerus proximal depth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 humerus depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 humerus proximal depth at the level of the median turbecle (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal epiphysis of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. humerus distal trochlear breadth humerus distal width humerus breadth of the distal end (Bd) This is often measured across the distal trochlea. humerus distal breadth The length of a distal epiphysis of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 humerus breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 This is often measured across the distal trochlea. ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the diaphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. humerus diameter perpendicular to, and at the level of, humerus diaphysis breadth (M4) humerus diaphysis depth The length of the diaphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 humerus diameter perpendicular to, and at the level of, humerus diaphysis breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The width of an astragalus (talus). talus width same as astragalus breadth obsolete astragalus width true OBSOLETE The width of an astragalus (talus). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the lateral side of an astragalus (talus) along the anterior-posterior axis. talus lateral depth astragalus depth of the lateral half (DI) astragalus lateral depth The length of the lateral side of an astragalus (talus) along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus depth of the lateral half (DI) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the medial side of an astragalus (talus) along the anterior-posterior axis. talus medial depth astragalus depth of medial half (DM) astragalus maximal medial depth (M7) astragalus medial depth The length of the medial side of an astragalus (talus) along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus depth of medial half (DM) ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus maximal medial depth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the distal end of an astragalus (talus) along the medial-lateral axis. astragalus distal width talus distal breadth astragalus AST4 astragalus breadth of the distal end (Bd) astragalus distal breadth The length of the distal end of an astragalus (talus) along the medial-lateral axis. DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0240-8 ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus AST4 DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0240-8 astragalus breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the trochlea tali (medial condyle) of an astragulas (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. astragalus diameter of medial condyle astragalus medial trochlea tali length talus medial condyle length astragalus length of the medial part of the trochlea tali (LmT) astragalus maximal diameter of the medial condyle (M2) trochlea tali length The length of the trochlea tali (medial condyle) of an astragulas (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus length of the medial part of the trochlea tali (LmT) ISBN:9780873659505 astragalus maximal diameter of the medial condyle (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the trochlea of an astragalus (talus) along the medial-lateral axis. astragalus condylar breadth astragalus trochlea width talus condylar breadth talus trochlea breadth atragalus breadth of the trochlea (M3) astragalus trochlea breadth The length of the trochlea of an astragalus (talus) along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 atragalus breadth of the trochlea (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis. calcaneus length of the proximal part (M2) This measurement is from the posterior articular facet for talus of calcaneus to calcaneal tuber. calcaneus proximal length The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus length of the proximal part (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal end of a caclcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis. calcaneus distal maximal depth (M7) calcaneus lateral depth (CALD) The anterior-most feature is the tubercle of calcaneus. calcaneus distal depth The length of a distal end of a caclcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 https://ethnobiology.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/JoE/7-1/Purdue1987.pdf calcaneus distal maximal depth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus lateral depth (CALD) https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50198/ The mass of a multicellur organism after removing internal organs. gutted body mass The mass of a multicellur organism after removing internal organs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of a multicellular organism after being skinned. skinned body mass The mass of a multicellular organism after being skinned. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of a multicellur organism skeletal elements (i.e., bones) without skin, internal organs, or other soft tissue. bone mass mass of skeleton The mass of a multicellur organism skeletal elements (i.e., bones) without skin, internal organs, or other soft tissue. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of a mutlicellular organism after being both gutted (i.e., internal organs removed) and skinned. gutted and skinned body mass The mass of a mutlicellular organism after being both gutted (i.e., internal organs removed) and skinned. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a testis. testis length The length of a testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a testis on the right side. right testis length The length of a testis on the right side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a testis on the left side. left testis length The length of a testis on the left side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a gonad. gonad length The length of a gonad. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the lateral side of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. humerus greatest length of lateral part (GLI) This measurement is from lateral tuberosity to lateral border of the trochlea. humerus lateral length The length of the lateral side of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 humerus greatest length of lateral part (GLI) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an ovary. ovary length The length of an ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an ovary on the right side. right ovary length The length of an ovary on the right side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an ovary on the left side. left ovary length The length of an ovary on the left side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the anterior tibial tuberosity (fossa digitalis) along the anterior-posterior axis. tibia length of the fossa digitalis (M9) anterior tibial tuberosity length The length of the anterior tibial tuberosity (fossa digitalis) along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 tibia length of the fossa digitalis (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The length along the medial-lateral axis of the caput of the humerus. humerus proximal length AP at median tubercule Redundant with another term obsolete humerus proximal depth at median tubercle true OBSOLETE The length along the medial-lateral axis of the caput of the humerus. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the trochlear sulcus (trochlear groove) of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. humerus minimal trochlear height (M10) humerus trochlear sulcus height The length of the trochlear sulcus (trochlear groove) of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 humerus minimal trochlear height (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the distal medial trochlea of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. humerus medial trochlear depth humerus maximal trochlear height (H9) humerus medial trochlear height The length of the distal medial trochlea of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 humerus maximal trochlear height (H9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the sagittal crest of a trochlea of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. humerus trochlear depth humerus trochlear depth at sagittal crest trochlear height at the sagittal creast (near the condyle) (M11) humerus trochlear height at sagittal crest The length of the sagittal crest of a trochlea of a humerus along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 trochlear height at the sagittal creast (near the condyle) (M11) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length from a head of femur (caput) to a lateral condyle of femur. femur greatest length from caput femoris (GLC) femur length from caput femoris to lateral condyle (M2) femur length from caput to lateral condyle The length from a head of femur (caput) to a lateral condyle of femur. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 femur greatest length from caput femoris (GLC) ISBN:9780873659505 femur length from caput femoris to lateral condyle (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of an olecranon of an ulna along the proximal-distal axis. ulna length of the olecranon (LO) ulna length of the olecranon (M2) olecranon length The length of an olecranon of an ulna along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x ulna length of the olecranon (LO) ISBN:9780873659505 ulna length of the olecranon (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the humeral facet of an ulna along the medial-lateral axis. ulna facies articularis proximalis breadth ulna coronoid process breadth ulna proximal articula width ulna breadth across the coronoid process, breadth of the proximal articular surface (BPC) ulna maximal articular breadth (M3) ulna proximal articular breadth The length of the humeral facet of an ulna along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 ulna breadth across the coronoid process, breadth of the proximal articular surface (BPC) ISBN:9780873659505 ulna maximal articular breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 not needed obsolete ulna width true obsolete ulna width https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an olecranon of an ulna along the anterior-posterior axis. ulna minimal depth of the olecranon (M4) ulna smallest depth of the olecranon (SDO) Olecranon depth is often measured at the epicondyles. olecranon depth The length of an olecranon of an ulna along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 ulna minimal depth of the olecranon (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ulna smallest depth of the olecranon (SDO) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of an ulna along the proximal-distal axis. ulna greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ulna lateral length The length of the lateral side of an ulna along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x ulna greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the humeral facet of an ulna along the anterior-posterior axis. depth across the processus anconaeus (M5) (DPA) ulna depth across the process anaconaeus The length of the humeral facet of an ulna along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 depth across the processus anconaeus (M5) (DPA) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 The length along the midline of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. length of talus along the midline astragalus AST3 This measurement is from the astragalus head (distal articular facet for the navicular) to sulcus tali. length of astragalus along the midline The length along the midline of an astragalus (talus) along the proximal-distal axis. DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0240-8 astragalus AST3 DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0240-8 The length of a calcaneal body along the medial-lateral axis. width of calcaneal body calcaneus minimal breadth (M3) This is the narrowest section of the calcaneus. breadth of calcaneal body The length of a calcaneal body along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The width of a calcaneus. calcaneus CALD calcaneus breadth calcaneus length ML not needed obsolete calcaneus width true OBSOLETE The width of a calcaneus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 calcaneus CALD DOI:10.1007/s00267-006-0240-8 The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the medial-lateral axis. calcaneus proximal width calcaneus proximal maximal breadth (M4) calcaneus proximal breadth The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus proximal maximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus from a lateral tubercle of calcaneus to a medial tubercle of calcaneus. calcaneus maximal depth calcaneus proximal maximal depth (M5) calcaneus proximal depth The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus from a lateral tubercle of calcaneus to a medial tubercle of calcaneus. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus proximal maximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a calcaneal body along the anterior-posterior axis. depth of calcaneal body The length of a calcaneal body along the anterior-posterior axis. https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50198/ The length of the medial side of a radius along the proximal-distal axis. radius medial length (M2) radius medial length The length of the medial side of a radius along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x radius medial length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the lateral side of a radius along the proximal-distal axis. radius length of the lateral part (Ll) radius lateral length The length of the lateral side of a radius along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 radius length of the lateral part (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a diaphysis of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. radius diaphysis width radius minimal breadth (M3) radius smallest breadth of diaphysis (SD) radius diaphysis breadth The length of a diaphysis of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 radius minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius smallest breadth of diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a diaphysis of a radius along the anterior-posterior axis. radius depth of diaphysis at level of radius diaphysis breadth (M4) radius diaphysis depth The length of a diaphysis of a radius along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius depth of diaphysis at level of radius diaphysis breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of an articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with the humerus along the medial-lateral axis. proximal articular width radius proximal articular width radius greatest breadth of the facies articularis proximalis (humeral articular surface (BFp) radius proximal artiuclar breadth (M5) radius proximal articular breadth The length of an articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with the humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x radius greatest breadth of the facies articularis proximalis (humeral articular surface (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 radius proximal artiuclar breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of an articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. radius proximal articular depth (M6) radius proximal articular depth The length of an articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x radius proximal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal epiphysis of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. radius proximal width radius greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) radius proximal maximal breadth (M7) radius proximal breadth The length of a proximal epiphysis of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 radius greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 radius proximal maximal breadth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end of a radius. radius distal articular width radius facies articularis distalis breadth (M8) radius greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) radius distal articular breadth The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end of a radius. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 radius facies articularis distalis breadth (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the articular surface on the distal end of a radius that interacts with the carpals along the anterior-posterior axis. radius distal articular depth (M9) radius distal articular depth The length of the articular surface on the distal end of a radius that interacts with the carpals along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius distal articular depth (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal epiphysis of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. radius distal width radius distal maximal breadth (M10) radius greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) This is often measured across the epicondyles. radius distal breadth The length of a distal epiphysis of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 radius distal maximal breadth (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a radius from the proximal articular surface to the distal articular surface. radius physiological length (PL) radius length from the proximal articular surface to the distal articular surface The length of a radius from the proximal articular surface to the distal articular surface. ISBN:9780873659505 radius physiological length (PL) ISBN:9780873659505 The circumference of a diaphysis of a radius. radius smallest circumference of diaphysis (CD) radius diaphysis circumference The circumference of a diaphysis of a radius. ISBN:9780873659505 radius smallest circumference of diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 already in OBA DEPRECATED metatarsal bone length true OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:41:34Z already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 length true OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:44:56Z class already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 3 length true OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:46:16Z class already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 4 length true OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:50:27Z class already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 5 length true OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The length of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. metatarsal III&IV greatest length (GL) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 length The length of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone. length of metapodial bone metapodial bone length The length of a metapodial bone. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 2. length of metapodial bone of digit 2 metapodial bone of digit 2 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 2. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of fused metapodial bones 3 and 4. length of fused metapodial bones 3 and 4 fused metapodial bones 3 and 4 length The length of fused metapodial bones 3 and 4. ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 4. length of metapodial bone of digit 4 metapodial bone of digit 4 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 4. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 5. length of metapodial bone of digit 5 metapodial bone of digit 5 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 5. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 3. length of metapodial bone of digit 3. metapodial bone of digit 3 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 3. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The width of a radius. radius breadth width of radius bone obsolete radius width true OBSOLETE The width of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The width of the distal end of a radius. not needed obsolete radius distal width true OBSOLETE The width of the distal end of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The width of the proximal end of a radius. 2021-06-17T00:54:08Z unneeded term obsolete radius proximal width true OBSOLETE The width of the proximal end of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The width of the arcitular surface that articulates with the humerus located on the proximal end of a radius. 2021-06-17T00:57:18Z unneeded term obsolete radius proximal articular width true OBSOLETE The width of the arcitular surface that articulates with the humerus located on the proximal end of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The length of a fibula along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-07-22T21:20:50Z length of fibula Already exists in OBA. obsolete fibula length true OBSOLETE The length of a fibula along the proximal-distal axis. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The length of the dorsal side of a scapula along the proximal-distal axis. scapula greatest dorsal length (Ld) scapula dorsal length The length of the dorsal side of a scapula along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 scapula greatest dorsal length (Ld) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a scapular spine along the proximal-distal axis. scapula height along the spine (HS) scapula spine length The length of a scapular spine along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 scapula height along the spine (HS) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the neck of a scapula. collum scapulae length scapula neck width scapula minimal breadth at the neck (M2) smallest length of the collum scapulae (SLC) In non-apes (not Hominoidea), this is measured along the medial-lateral axis; in Apes (Hominoidea) this is measured along the anterior-posterior axis. scapula neck breadth The length of the neck of a scapula. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 scapula minimal breadth at the neck (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 smallest length of the collum scapulae (SLC) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a glenoid cavity. scapula articular maximal breadth (M4) scapula length of glenoid cavity (LG) In non-anatomical humans (i.e., not Homo), this is measured along the anterior-posterior axis; in anatomical humans (Homo) this is measured along the superior-inferior (upper-lower) axis. glenoid cavity length The length of a glenoid cavity. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 scapula articular maximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 scapula length of glenoid cavity (LG) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) along the proximal-distal axis. scapula articular maximal depth (M5) scapula breadth of glenoid cavity (BG) glenoid cavity breadth The length of a glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 scapula articular maximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 scapula breadth of glenoid cavity (BG) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of a scapula along the anterior-posterior axis. scapula maximal depth of spina (M6) scapula depth The depth of a scapula along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 scapula maximal depth of spina (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The width of the diaphysis of a radius. 2021-07-27T23:38:42Z unneeded obsolete radius diaphysis width true OBSOLETE The width of the diaphysis of a radius. ORCID: 0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of the viscera (internal organs). mass of viscera The mass of the viscera (internal organs). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The mass of the skin of an organism. 2021-07-27T23:59:50Z Term already exists. obsolete skin mass true OBSOLETE The mass of the skin of an organism. ORCID: 0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a radial condyle (styloid notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. radial condyle width radial notch breadth radius lateral distal condyle breadth radius breadth of the radial condyle (M11) radial condyle breadth The length of a radial condyle (styloid notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius breadth of the radial condyle (M11) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the ulnar codyle (ulnar notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. medial distal condyle breadth ulnar condyle width ulnar notch breadth radius breadth of the ulnar condyle (M12) ulnar condyle breadth The length of the ulnar codyle (ulnar notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 radius breadth of the ulnar condyle (M12) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a patella along the proximal-distal axis. patella greatest length (GL) patella length The length of a patella along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 patella greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a patella along th medial-lateral axis. patella width patella greatest breadth (GB) patella breadth The length of a patella along th medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 patella greatest breadth (GB) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE The length on the lateral edge of a scapula along the anterior-posterior axis. does not exist obsolete scapula lateral depth true OBSOLETE The length on the lateral edge of a scapula along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 molar tooth 1 length ML secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a upper molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 need to add upper molar tooth 1 upper molar tooth 1 length ML redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a upper molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add lower molar tooth 1 need to add secondary molar tooth 1 lower molar tooth 1 length ML redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary molar tooth 1 length ML upper secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary molar tooth 1 length ML no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete upper primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary molar tooth 1 length ML lower secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary molar tooth 1 length ML no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete lower primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 upper molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of lower molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 lower molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of lower molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete upper primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete lower primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length true The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete upper primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface a molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface a molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete upper primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 3 molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 3 upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 3 lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 not a tooth DEPRECATED upper primary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width true The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal length ML lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 3 upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 3 lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 4 molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral surface. need to add secondary molar tooth 4 upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 4 lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondry molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondry molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 4 molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 4 upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 4 lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP redundant obsolete lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length true OBSOLETE. The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal suface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface or an upper primary premolar 1 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML upper primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface or an upper primary premolar 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML lower primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal tooth length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. upper premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior surface. upper premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior surface. upper primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior surface. lower primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower primary premolar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. upper premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML upper premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML lower premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML upper primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML lower primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP upper premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP lower premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondry premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP upper primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior reference. lower primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP lower primary premolar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior reference. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. upper premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML upper premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML lower premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surfce of an upper primary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML upper primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surfce of an upper primary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondry premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML lower primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior surface. premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP upper premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP lower premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP upper primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP lower primary premolar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. premolar tooth 4 length ML premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. upper premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length ML upper premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 5 occlusal suface length ML lower premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. upper primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length ML upper primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. lower primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length ML lower primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. premolar tooth 5 occlusal surfce length AP premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length AP upper premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length AP lower premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length AP upper primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length AP lower primary premolar tooth 5 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an upper tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. upper tooth row length AP upper tooth row length The length of an upper tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. lower tooth row length AP lower tooth row length The length of a lower tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a canine tooth crown along the superior-anterior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under cuspid crown height canine tooth crown height The height of a canine tooth crown along the superior-anterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower cuspid crown height lower canine tooth crown height The height of a lower canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under upper cuspid crown height upper canine tooth crown height The height of an upper canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under upper seconday cuspid crown height upper secondary canine tooth crown height The height of an upper secondary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under height of the canine lower secondary cuspid crown height The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 21 Canis, 17 Ursus. lower secondary canine tooth crown height The height of a lower secondary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 height of the canine ISBN:9780873659505 The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 21 Canis, 17 Ursus. ISBN:9780873659505 The height of an upper primary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under upper primary cuspid crown height upper primary canine tooth crown height The height of an upper primary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower primary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower primary cuspid crown height lower primary canine tooth crown height The height of a lower primary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a secondary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under secondary cuspid crown height secondary canine tooth crown height The height of a secondary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a primary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under primary cuspid crown height primary canine tooth crown height The height of a primary canine tooth crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of premolars along the anterior-posterior axis. premolar tooth row length The length of the occlusal surface of premolars along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of molars along the anterior-posterior axis. molar tooth row length The length of the occlusal surface of molars along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an upper premolar tooth row along the anterior-posterior length. upper premolar tooth row length The length of an upper premolar tooth row along the anterior-posterior length. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower premolar tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth row length The length of a lower premolar tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower molar tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. lower molar tooth row length The length of a lower molar tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an upper tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. upper molar tooth row length The length of an upper tooth row along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under canine tooth diameter AP cuspid diameter AP cuspid tooth anterior-posterior diameter canine tooth anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under upper canine tooth diameter AP upper cuspid anterior-posterior diameter upper cuspid diameter AP upper canine tooth anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add "alveolar process of mandible" for logical definition need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower canine tooth diameter AP lower cuspid anterior-posterior diameter lower cuspid diameter AP lower canine tooth anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper secondary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under greatest diameter of the canine alveolus upper secondary canine tooth diameter AP upper secondary cuspid anterior-posterior diameter upper secondary cuspid diameter AP The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 21 Sus upper secondary canine tooth anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper secondary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 upper secondary cuspid anterior-posterior diameter ISBN:9780873659505 The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 21 Sus ISBN:9780873659505 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower secondary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior diameter. need to add "alveolar process of mandible" for logical definition need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower secondaray canine tooth diameter AP lower secondry cuspid anterior-posterior diameter lower secondary canine anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower secondary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior diameter. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper primary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior diameter. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under upper primary canine tooth diameter AP upper primary cuspid anterior-posterior diameter upper primary cuspid diameter AP upper primary canine anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper primary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior diameter. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower primary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add "alveolar process of mandible" for logical definition need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower primary canine tooth diameter AP lower primary cuspid anterior-posterior diameter lower primary cuspid diameter AP lower primary canine tooth anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower primary canine tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under canine tooth diameter ML cuspid diameter ML cuspid medial-lateral diameter canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at a base (alveoli) of an upper canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under cuspid diameter ML upper canine tooth diameter AP upper cuspid medial-lateral diameter The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 27 Felis upper canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at a base (alveoli) of an upper canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "alveolar process of mandible" for logical definition need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower canine tooth diameter ML lower cuspid diameter ML lower cuspid medial-lateral diameter lower canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper secondary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under breadth of the canine alveoli upper secondary canine tooth diameter ML upper secondary cuspid diameter ML upper secondary cuspid medial-lateral diameter The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 27 Felis upper secondary canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper secondary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 breadth of the canine alveoli ISBN:9780873659505 The measurement number and genus from von den Driesch (1979): 27 Felis ISBN:9780873659505 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower secondary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "alveolar process of mandible" for logical definition need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower secondary canine tooth diameter ML lower secondary cuspid diameter ML lower secondary cuspid medial-lateral diameter lower secondary canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower secondary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper primary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under upper primary canine tooth diameter ML upper primary cuspid diameter ML upper primary cuspid medial-lateral diameter upper primary canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of an upper primary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower primary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. need to add "alveolar process of mandible" for logical definition need to add "canine tooth size trait" for this term to be nested under lower primary canine tooth diameter ML lower primary cuspid diameter ML lower primary cuspid medial-lateral diameter lower primary canine tooth medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base (alveoli) of a lower primary canine tooth along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a tooth row on the left side along the anterior-posterior axis. upper left tooth row length AP upper left tooth row length The length of a tooth row on the left side along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an upper tooth row on the right side along the anterior-posterior axis. upper right tooth row length AP upper right tooth row length The length of an upper tooth row on the right side along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. molar tooth 1-2 length AP molar tooth 1-2 length The length of molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. molar tooth 1-3 length AP molar tooth 1-3 length The length of molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of molar teeth 1-4 along the anterior-posterior axis. molar tooth 1-4 length AP molar tooth 1-4 length The length of molar teeth 1-4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper molar tooth 1-2 length AP upper molar tooth 1-2 length The length of upper molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower molar tooth 1-2 length AP lower molar tooth 1-2 length The length of lower molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper secondary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary molar tooth 1-2 length AP upper secondary molar tooth 1-2 length The length of upper secondary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower secondary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary molar tooth 1-2 length AP lower secondary molar tooth 1-2 length The length of lower secondary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of upper primary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary molar tooth 1-2 length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete upper primary molar tooth 1-2 length true OBSOLETE. The length of upper primary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of lower primary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary molar tooth 1-2 length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete lower primary molar tooth 1-2 length true OBSOLETE. The length of lower primary molar teeth 1-2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper molar tooth 1-3 length AP upper molar tooth 1-3 length The length of upper molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower molar tooth 1-3 length AP lower molar tooth 1-3 length The length of lower molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper secondary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary molar tooth 1-3 length AP upper secondary molar tooth 1-3 length The length of upper secondary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower secondary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary molar tooth 1-3 length AP lower secondary molar tooth 1-3 length The length of lower secondary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of upper primary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary molar tooth 1-3 length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete upper primary molar tooth 1-3 length true OBSOLETE. The length of upper primary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The length of lower primary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary molar tooth 1-3 length AP no primary molars, term should not exist obsolete lower primary molar tooth 1-3 length true OBSOLETE. The length of lower primary molar teeth 1-3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper molar teeth 1-4 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper molar tooth 1-4 length AP upper molar tooth 1-4 length The length of upper molar teeth 1-4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower molar teeth 1-4 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower molar tooth 1-4 length AP lower molar tooth 1-4 length The length of lower molar teeth 1-4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. premolar 4 to molar 3 length AP premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length AP upper premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of lower premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length AP lower premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of lower premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of upper secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length AP upper primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of upper primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of lower secondary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length AP lower primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 length The length of lower primary premolar tooth 4 to molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length AP cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length AP canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length The length of canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length AP upper cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length upper cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length AP upper canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length The length of upper canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length AP lower cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length lower cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length AP lower canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length The length of lower canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of upper secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. upper secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length AP upper secondary cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length AP upper secondary cuspid tooth to premolar tooth 3 length upper secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length The length of upper secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of lower secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. lower secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length AP lower secondary cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length lower secondary cuspid to premolar tooth 3 length AP lower secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 length The length of lower secondary canine tooth to premolar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of diastema between central incisors along the anterior-posterior axis. diastema between central incisors length The length of diastema between central incisors along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of diastema between lower central incisors along the anterior-posterior axis. diastema between lower central incisors length The length of diastema between lower central incisors along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an upper secondary premolar tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. upper secondary premolar tooth 4 crown height The length of an upper secondary premolar tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the anterior side of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 3 anterior length ML lower premolar tooth 3 anterior width The length of the anterior side of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the posterior side of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. lower premolar tooth 3 posterior length ML lower premolar tooth 3 posterior width The length of the posterior side of a lower premolar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis metacarpal III smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) third metacarpal depth of the diaphysis at the level of M3 (M4) metacarpal bone of digit 3 diaphysis depth The length of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal III smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) ISBN:9780873659505 third metacarpal depth of the diaphysis at the level of M3 (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the shaft of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. metacarpal III smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) third metacarpal miniaml breadth (near the middle of the body) (M3) metacarpal bone of digit 3 diaphysis breadth The length of the shaft of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 third metacarpal miniaml breadth (near the middle of the body) (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the articular surface on the proximal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. metacarpal III distal breadth (Bd) metacarpal III proximal articular breadth (M5) metacarpal bone of digit 3 proximal articular breadth The length of the articular surface on the proximal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III distal breadth (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III proximal articular breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the articular surface on the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. third metacarpal distal maximal articular breadth (M11) metacarpal bone of digit 3 distal articular breadth The length of the articular surface on the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal distal maximal articular breadth (M11) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the lateral condyle on the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. third metacarpal distal minimal depth of the lateral condyle (13) metacarpal bone of digit 3 lateral condyle depth The length of the lateral condyle on the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal distal minimal depth of the lateral condyle (13) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a pelvis along the proximal-distal axis. pelvis greatest length of one half (GL) pelvis length The length of a pelvis along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 pelvis greatest length of one half (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an acetabulum along the upper-lower axis. length of the acetabulum including the lip (LA) This measurement includes the lip of the acetabulum. acetabulum length (including the lip) The length of an acetabulum along the upper-lower axis. ISBN:9780873659505 length of the acetabulum including the lip (LA) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an acetabulum up to the rim of an acetabulum along the upper-lower axis. diameter of the acetabulum (M1) length of the acetabulum to the rim (LAR) This measurement does not include the lip. acetabulum length (to the rim) The length of an acetabulum up to the rim of an acetabulum along the upper-lower axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 diameter of the acetabulum (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 length of the acetabulum to the rim (LAR) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a pubic symphysis along the proximal-distal axis. length of the symphysis (LS) This is only measured when the two halves of the pubis are fused. pubic symphysis length The length of a pubic symphysis along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 length of the symphysis (LS) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an ilial shaft along the dorsal-ventral axis. smallest height of the shaft of ilium (SH) ilial shaft height The length of an ilial shaft along the dorsal-ventral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 smallest height of the shaft of ilium (SH) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an ilial shaft along the medial-lateral axis. ilial shaft width smallest breadth of the shaft of ilium (SB) ilial shaft breadth The length of an ilial shaft along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 smallest breadth of the shaft of ilium (SB) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the articular process on the lateral end of a scapula along the medial-lateral axis. scapula geatest length of the processus articularis (glenoid process) (GLP) scapula maximal breadth of the articular process (M3) This is measured from the articular process. scapula lateral breadth The length of the articular process on the lateral end of a scapula along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 scapula geatest length of the processus articularis (glenoid process) (GLP) ISBN:9780873659505 scapula maximal breadth of the articular process (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The length of a testis on the right side. 2022-05-05T23:24:47Z testis length made an error, made new term obsolete right testis length true OBSOLETE The length of a testis on the right side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 2022-05-05T23:27:11Z made error, term already exists obsolete right testis length true The width of a testis. testis width The width of a testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a gonad. gonad width The width of a gonad. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The length of an ovary on the right side. 2022-05-05T23:45:43Z ovary length didn't realize the term already existed obsolete right ovary length true OBSOLETE The length of an ovary on the right side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of an ovary. ovary width The width of an ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The circumference of an ilial shaft. smallest circumference of the shaft of ilium (SC) ilial shaft circumference The circumference of an ilial shaft. ISBN:9780873659505 smallest circumference of the shaft of ilium (SC) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a formaen obturatum along the proximal-distal axis. inner foramen obturatum length (LFo) foramen obturatum length The length of a formaen obturatum along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 inner foramen obturatum length (LFo) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a tubera coxarum. tubera coxarum width greatest breadth across the tubera coxarum (GBTc) tubera coxarum breadth The length of a tubera coxarum. ISBN:9780873659505 greatest breadth across the tubera coxarum (GBTc) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an acetabula along the medial-lateral axis. acetablua width greatest breadth across the acetabula (GBA) acetabula breadth The length of an acetabula along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 greatest breadth across the acetabula (GBA) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an ischial tuberosity along the medial-lateral axis. tubera ischiadica width greatest breadth across the tubera ischiadica (GBTi) tubera ischiadica breadth The length of an ischial tuberosity along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 greatest breadth across the tubera ischiadica (GBTi) ISBN:9780873659505 The length across both ischia along the medial-lateral axis. ischia width smallest breadth across the bodies of the ischia (SBI) ischia breadth The length across both ischia along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 smallest breadth across the bodies of the ischia (SBI) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis. lateral depth of the calcaneum (CALD) calcaneus lateral depth The length of the lateral side of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis. https://ethnobiology.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/JoE/7-1/Purdue1987.pdf lateral depth of the calcaneum (CALD) https://ethnobiology.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/JoE/7-1/Purdue1987.pdf The length of a forearm. fore-arm length This is measured from the end of the ulna to the end of the carpus. forearm length The length of a forearm. DOI:10.1080/00445096.1965.11447303 This is measured from the end of the ulna to the end of the carpus. DOI:10.1080/00445096.1965.11447303 The height of a secondary molar tooth 1 crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 1 secondary molar tooth 1 crown height The height of a secondary molar tooth 1 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper molar tooth 1 crown along the superior-inferior axis. M1 crown height need to add secondary molar tooth 1 upper secondary molar tooth 1 crown height The height of an upper molar tooth 1 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower molar tooth 1 crown along the superior-inferior axis. m1 crown height need to add secondary molar tooth 1 lower secondary molar tooth 1 crown height The height of a lower molar tooth 1 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a secondary molar tooth 2 crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 2 secondary molar tooth 2 crown height The height of a secondary molar tooth 2 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 crown along the superior-inferior axis. m2 crown height lower secondary molar tooth 2 crown height The height of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 crown along the superior-inferior axis. M2 crown height upper secondary molar tooth 2 crown height The height of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a secondary molar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. need to add secondary molar tooth 3 to logical definition secondary molar tooth 3 crown height The height of a secondary molar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. m3 crown height lower secondary molar tooth 3 crown height The height of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. M3 crown height upper secondary molar tooth 3 crown height The height of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 trigonid along the left-right axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 1 trigonid width The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 trigonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 1 trigonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 talonid along the left-right axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 1 talonid width The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 talonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The lenght of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 1 talonid length The lenght of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The widht of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 trigonid along the left-right axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 2 trigonid width The widht of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 trigonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 2 trigonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The widht of a lower secondary molar 2 talonid along the left-right axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar 2 talonid width The widht of a lower secondary molar 2 talonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 2 talonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 trigonid along the left-right axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 3 trigonid width The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 trigonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 3 trigonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 talonid along the left-right axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 3 talonid width The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 talonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 3 talonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 trigonid along the left-right axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 4 trigonid width The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 trigonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add trigonid lower secondary molar tooth 4 trigonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 trigonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 talonid along the left-right axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 4 talonid width The width of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 talonid along the left-right axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add talonid lower secondary molar tooth 4 talonid length The length of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 talonid along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of a premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. upper premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of an upper premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. lower premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of a lower premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE. The height of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. term already exists obsolete upper secondary premolar tooth 3 crown height true OBSOLETE. The height of an upper secondary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a secondary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. lower secondary premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of a secondary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper primary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. upper primary premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of an upper primary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower primary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. lower primary premolar tooth 3 crown height The height of a lower primary premolar tooth 3 crown along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. central incisor anterior-posterior diameter central incisor diameter AP incisor 1 diameter AP incisor tooth 1 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) tooth along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. upper central incisor anterior-posterior diameter upper central incisor diameter AP upper incisor tooth 1 diameter AP upper incisor tooth 1 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an upper incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible lower central incisor anterior-posterior diameter lower central incisor diameter AP lower incisor tooth 1 diameter AP lower incisor tooth 1 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. I1 anterior-posterior diameter I1 diameter AP upper secondary central incisor anterior-posterior diameter upper secondary central incisor diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 1 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 1 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible i1 anterior-posterior diameter i1 diameter AP lower secondary central incisor anterior-posterior diameter lower secondary central incisor diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 1 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 1 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. central incisor diameter ML central incisor medial-lateral diameter incisor tooth 1 diameter ML incisor tooth 1 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. I1 diameter ML I1 medial-lateral diameter upper secondary central incisor diameter ML upper secondary central tooth medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 1 diameter ML upper secondary incisor tooth 1 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible i1 diameter ML i1 medial-lateral diameter lower secondary central incisor diameter ML lower secondary central incisor medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 1 diameter ML lower secondary incisor tooth 1 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. central incisor crown height incisor tooth 1 crown height The height of an incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth (central incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. I1 crown height upper secondary central incisor crown height upper secondary incisor tooth 1 crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth (central incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. i1 crown height lower secondary central incisor crown height lower secondary incisor tooth 1 crown height The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 1 (central incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. incisor tooth 2 diameter AP lateral incisor tooth anterior-posterior diameter lateral incisor tooth diameter AP incisor tooth 2 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. I2 anterior-posterior diameter I2 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 2 diameter AP upper secondary lateral incisor anterior-posterior diameter upper secondary lateral incisor diameter AP'has exact synonym' upper secondary incisor tooth 2 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible i2 anterior-posterior diameter i2 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 2 diameter AP lower secondary lateral incisor anterior-posterior diameter lower secondary lateral incisor diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 2 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. incisor tooth 2 diameter ML lateral incisor diameter ML'has exact synonym' lateral incisor medial-lateral diameter incisor tooth 2 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. I2 diameter ML I2 medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 2 diameter ML upper secondary lateral incisor diameter ML upper secondary lateral incisor medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 2 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible i2 diameter ML i2 medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 2 diameter ML lower secondary lateral incisor diameter ML lower secondary lateral incisor medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 2 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. lateral incisor crown height incisor tooth 2 crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. I2 crown height upper secondary lateral incisor crown height upper secondary incisor tooth 2 crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 2 (lateral incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth (lateral incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. i2 crown height lower secondary lateral incisor crown height lower secondary incisor tooth 2 crown height The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth (lateral incisor) along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 incisor tooth 3 diameter AP incisor tooth 3 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter of an upper secondary incisor tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 I3 anterior-posterior diameter I3 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 3 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 3 anterior-posteior diameter The diameter of an upper secondary incisor tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 3 i3 anterior-posterior diameter i3 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 3 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 3 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 incisor tooth 3 diamter ML incisor tooth 3 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 I3 diameter ML I3 medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 3 diameter ML upper secondary incisor tooth 3 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 3 i3 diameter ML i3 medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 3 diameter ML lower secondary incisor tooth 3 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an incisor tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 incisor tooth 3 crown height The height of an incisor tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 I3 crown height upper secondary incisor tooth 3 crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 3 i3 crown height lower secondary incisor tooth 3 crown height The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 3 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 incisor tooth 4 diameter AP incisor tooth 4 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 I4 anterior-posterior diameter I4 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 4 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 4 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 4 i4 anterior-posterior diameter i4 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 4 diamter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 4 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 incisor tooth 4 diameter ML incisor tooth 4 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 I4 diameter ML I4 medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 4 diameter ML upper secondary incisor tooth 4 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 4 i4 diameter ML i4 medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 4 diameter ML lower secondary incisor tooth 4 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an incisor tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 incisor tooth 4 crown height The height of an incisor tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 I4 crown height upper secondary incisor tooth 4 crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 4 i4 crown height lower secondary incisor tooth 4 crown height The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 4 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 incisor tooth 5 diameter AP incisor tooth 5 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 I5 anterior-posterior diameter I5 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 5 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 5 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 5 i5 anterior-posterior diameter i5 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 5 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 5 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 incisor tooth 5 diameter ML incisor tooth 5 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diamter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 I5 diameter ML I5 medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 5 diameter ML upper secondary incisor tooth 5 medial-lateral diameter The diamter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 5 i5 diameter ML i5 medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 5 diameter ML lower secondary incisor tooth 5 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 5 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an incisor tooth 5 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 incisor tooth 5 crown height The height of an incisor tooth 5 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 5 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 I5 crown height upper secondary incisor tooth 5 crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 5 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 5 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 5 i5 crown height lower secondary incisor tooth 5 crown height The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 5 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 6 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 incisor tooth 6 diameter AP incisor tooth 6 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 6 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 6 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 I6 anterior-posterior diameter I6 diameter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 6 diamter AP upper secondary incisor tooth 6 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 6 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 6 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 6 i6 anterior-posterior diameter i6 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 6 diameter AP lower secondary incisor tooth 6 anterior-posterior diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 6 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 6 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 incisor tooth 6 diameter ML incisor tooth 6 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an incisor tooth 6 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 6 along the medial-latearl axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 I6 diameter ML I6 medial-lateral diameter upper secondary incisor tooth 6 diameter ML upper secondary incisor tooth 6 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of an upper secondary incisor tooth 6 along the medial-latearl axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 6 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add alveolar ridge mandible need to add incisor tooth 6 i6 diameter ML i6 medial-lateral diameter lower secondary incisor tooth 6 diameter ML lower secondary incisor tooth 6 medial-lateral diameter The diameter at the base of a lower secondary incisor tooth 6 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an incisor tooth 6 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 incisor tooth 6 crown height The height of an incisor tooth 6 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 6 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 I6 crown height upper secondary incisor 6 tooth crown height The height of an upper secondary incisor tooth 6 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 6 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add incisor tooth 6 i6 crown height lower secondary incisor tooth 6 crown height The height of a lower secondary incisor tooth 6 along the superior-inferior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The diameter of an incisor tooth. incisor tooth diameter The diameter of an incisor tooth. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The breadth along the medial-lateral axis of the proximal end of a metapodial bone of digit 2. need to add logical def metapodial II proximal articular breadth Metapodial II proximal breadth (Bp) metapodial bone of digit 2 proximal articular breadth Metapodial II proximal breadth (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the medial side of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. third metacarpal medial length (M2) metacarpal bone of digit 3 medial length The length of the medial side of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal medial length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the proximal articular surface of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. third metacarpal proximal articular depth (M6) metacarpal bone of digit 3 proximal articular depth The depth of the proximal articular surface of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal proximal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The diameter of the articular facet of the third carpal of a metacarpal of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add facet third metacarpal maximal diameter of the articular facet for the third carpal (M7) metacarpal bone of digit 3 articular facet for the third carpal diameter The diameter of the articular facet of the third carpal of a metacarpal of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal maximal diameter of the articular facet for the third carpal (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The diameter of the anterior facet for the fourth carpal of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add facet third metacarpal diameter of the anterior facet for the fourth carpal (M8) metacarpal bone of digit 3 anterior facet for the fourth carpal diameter The diameter of the anterior facet for the fourth carpal of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the superior-inferior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal diameter of the anterior facet for the fourth carpal (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The diameter of the articular facet for the second carpal of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the superior-inferior axis. need to add facet third metacarpal diameter of the articular facet for the second carpal (M9) metacarpal bone of digit 3 articular facet for the second carpal diameter The diameter of the articular facet for the second carpal of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the superior-inferior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal diameter of the articular facet for the second carpal (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal supra-articular of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add supra-articular third metacarpal distal maximal supra-articular breadth (M10) metacarpal bone of digit 3 distal supra-articular breadth The breadth of the distal supra-articular of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal distal maximal supra-articular breadth (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the keel of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add keel third metacarpal distal maximal depth of the keel (M12) metacarpal bone of digit 3 keel depth The depth of the keel of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal distal maximal depth of the keel (M12) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the medial condyle of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add medial condyle third metacarpal distal minimal depth of the medial condyle (M14) metacarpal bone of digit 3 medial condyle depth The depth of the medial condyle of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal distal minimal depth of the medial condyle (M14) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The diameter of the posterior facet for the fourth carpal of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add facet third metacarpal diameter of the posterior facet for the fourth carpal (M16) metacarpal bone of digit 3 posterior facet for the fourth carpal diameter The diameter of the posterior facet for the fourth carpal of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metacarpal diameter of the posterior facet for the fourth carpal (M16) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metacarpal II minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) metacarpal bone of digit 2 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal II minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metacarpal IV minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) metacarpal IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) metacarpal bone of digit 4 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal IV minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. metacarpal III+IV greatest length (GL) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 length The length of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III+IV greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metacarpal III+IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III+IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal side of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. metacarpal II proximal maximal breadth (M3) metacarpal bone of digit 2 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal side of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal II proximal maximal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the proximal side of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. metacarpal IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) metacarpal IV proximal maximal breadth (M3) metacarpal bone of digit 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal side of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV proximal maximal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the proximal side of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. metacarpal III+IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal side of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III+IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the proximal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. metacarpal II proximal maximal depth (M4) metacarpal bone of digit 2 proximal depth The length of the proximal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal II proximal maximal depth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the proximal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. metacarpal IV proximal maximal depth (M4) metacarpal bone of digit 4 proximal depth The length of the proximal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal IV proximal maximal depth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the proximal end of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. metacarpal III+IV greatest depth of the proximal end (Dp) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 proximal depth The length of the proximal end of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III+IV greatest depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal articular surface of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular metacarpal II distal articular breadth (M5) metacarpal bone of digit 2 distal articular breadth The breadth of the distal articular surface of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal II distal articular breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal articular surface of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular metacarpal IV distal articular breadth (M5) metacarpal bone of digit 4 distal articular breadth The breadth of the distal articular surface of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal IV distal articular breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal articular of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular metacarpal II distal articular depth (M6) metacapral bone of digit 2 distal articular depth The depth of the distal articular of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal II distal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal articular of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular metacarpal II distal articular depth (M6) metacapral bone of digit 4 distal articular depth The depth of the distal articular of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metacarpal II distal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. metacarpal II greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) measurement not taken obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 2 lateral length true OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal II greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. metacarpal IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) measurement not taken obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 4 lateral length true OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 from the articular facet for the distal carpal bone 3 and anterior facet for the anterio facet for carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metacarpal III&IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) term not measured obsolete fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 lateral length true OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 from the articular facet for the distal carpal bone 3 and anterior facet for the anterio facet for carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III&IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 from the anterior facet for distal carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metacarpal III&IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 outer lateral length The length of the lateral side of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 from the anterior facet for distal carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III&IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. metacapral II lateral length on the outer side (Ll) term not measured obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 2 outer lateral length true OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacapral II lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. metacapral IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) term not measured obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 4 outer lateral length true OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacapral IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The width of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metacarpal II smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) term not measured obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 2 diaphysis breadth true OBSOLETE. The width of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal II smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metacarpal IV breadth in the middle of the diaphysis (B) metacarpal bone of digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV breadth in the middle of the diaphysis (B) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metacarpal III&IV smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III&IV smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a fused metacarpal boned 3 and 4. need to add diaphysis metacarpal III&IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a fused metacarpal boned 3 and 4. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III&IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The circumference of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2. need to add diaphysis metacarpal II smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) term not measured obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 2 diaphysis circumference true OBSOLETE. The circumference of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 2. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal II smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The circumference of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 4. need to add diaphysis metacarpal IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) term not measured obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 4 diaphysis circumference true OBSOLETE. The circumference of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 4. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add distal metacarpal II greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) term not measured obsolete metacarpal bone of digit 2 distal breadth true OBSOLETE. The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal II greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add distal metacarpal IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) metacarpal bone of digit 4 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add distal metacarpal III&IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III&IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add distal metacarpal III&IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 distal depth The depth of the distal end of a fused metacarpal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III&IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add distal metacarpal II greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) term not measured metacarpal bone of digit 2 distal depth The depth of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal II greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add distal metacarpal IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) metacarpal bone of digit 4 distal depth The depth of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 from the anterior facet for distal carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metacarpal III lateral length on the outer side (Ll) metacarpal bone of digit 3 outer lateral length The length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 from the anterior facet for distal carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 3. need to add diaphysis metacarpal III smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) metacarpal bone of digit 3 diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a metacarpal bone of digit 3. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III smallest circumference of the diaphysis (CD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add distal metacarpal III greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) metacarpal bone of digit 3 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add distal metacarpal III greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) metacarpal bone of digit 3 distal depth The depth of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length on the medial size of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. third metatarsal medial length (M2) metatarsal bone of digit 3 medial length The length on the medial size of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal medial length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal III smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) third metatarsal minimal breadth (near the middle of the bone) (M3) metatarsal bone of digit 3 diaphysis breadth The breadth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 third metatarsal minimal breadth (near the middle of the bone) (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal III minimal depth of the diaphysis (DD) third metatarsal depth of the diaphysis at the level of M3 (M4) metatarsal bone of digit 3 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III minimal depth of the diaphysis (DD) ISBN:9780873659505 third metatarsal depth of the diaphysis at the level of M3 (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the proximal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular metatarsal III greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) third metatarsal proximal articular breadth (M5) metatarsal bone of digit 3 proximal articular breadth The breadth of the proximal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 third metatarsal proximal articular breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular third metatarsal proximal articular depth (M6) metatarsal bone of digit 3 proximal articular depth The depth of the articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal proximal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The diameter of the articular facet for the third tarsal on a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular third metatarsal maximal diameter of the articular facet for the third tarsal (M7) metatarsal bone of digit 3 aricular facet for third tarsal diameter The diameter of the articular facet for the third tarsal on a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal maximal diameter of the articular facet for the third tarsal (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The diameter of the articular facet for fourth tarsal of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular third metatarsal diameter of the articular facet for the fourth tarsal (M8) metatarsal bone of digit 3 aricular facet for fourth tarsal diameter The diameter of the articular facet for fourth tarsal of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal diameter of the articular facet for the fourth tarsal (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 need to add articular The diameter of the articular facet for second tarsal of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. third metarsal diameter of the articular facet for the second tarsal (M9) metatarsal bone of digit 3 aricular facet for second tarsal diameter The diameter of the articular facet for second tarsal of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metarsal diameter of the articular facet for the second tarsal (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the supra-articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add supra-articular third metatarsal distal maximal supra-articular breadth (M10) metatarsal bone of digit 3 supra-articular breadth The breadth of the supra-articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal distal maximal supra-articular breadth (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. third metatarsal distal maximal articular breadth (M11) metatarsal bone of digit 3 distal articular breadth The breadth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal distal maximal articular breadth (M11) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the keel (on the distal end) of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add keel metatarsal III greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) third metatarsal distal maximal depth of the keel (M12) metatarsal bone of digit 3 keel depth The depth of the keel (on the distal end) of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 third metatarsal distal maximal depth of the keel (M12) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the lateral condyle of a metatarsal boen of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. third metatarsal distal minimal dpeth of the lateral condyle (M13) metatarsal bone of digit 3 lateral condyle depth The depth of the lateral condyle of a metatarsal boen of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal distal minimal dpeth of the lateral condyle (M13) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the medial condyle of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. third metatarsal distal maximal depth of the medial condyle (M14) metatarsal bone of digit 3 medial condyle depth The depth of the medial condyle of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third metatarsal distal maximal depth of the medial condyle (M14) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal II minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) metatarsal bone of digit 2 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal II minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal IV minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) metatarsal IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) metatarsal bone of digit 4 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV minimal depth of the diaphysis (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the diaphysis of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal III&IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 diaphysis depth The depth of the diaphysis of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV smallest depth of diaphysis (DD) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. metatarsal IV proximal maximal depth (M4) metatarsal bone of digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal IV proximal maximal depth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. metatarsal II proximal maximal depth (M4) metatarsal bone of digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal II proximal maximal depth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the proximal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. metatarsal III&IV greatest depth of the proximal end (Dp) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV greatest depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) metatarsal IV proximal maximal breadth (M3) metatarsal bone of digit 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV proximal maximal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal II proximal maximal breadth (M3) metatarsal bone of digit 2 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal II proximal maximal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the proximal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal III&IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular metatarsal II distal articular breadth (M5) metatarsal bone of digit 4 distal articular breadth The breadth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal II distal articular breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular metatarsal II distal articular breadth (M5) metatarsal bone of digit 2 distal articular breadth The breadth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal II distal articular breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular metatarsal IV distal articular depth (M6) metatarsal bone of digit 4 distal articular depth The depth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal IV distal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular metatarsal II distal articular depth (M6) metatarsal bone of digit 2 distal articular depth The depth of the distal articular of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 metatarsal II distal articular depth (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. metatarsal IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 4 lateral length true OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 from the lateral border of articular facet for distal carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metatarsal IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 4 outer lateral length true OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 from the lateral border of articular facet for distal carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. metatarsal II greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 lateral length true OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal II greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. metatarsal II lateral length on the outer side (Ll) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 outer lateral length true OBSOLETE. The length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal II lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. metatarsal III&IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) term not measured obsolete fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 lateral length true OBSOLETE. The greatest length of the lateral side of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 from the lateral border of articular facet for distal tarsal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metatarsal III&IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 outer lateral length The length of the lateral side of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 from the lateral border of articular facet for distal tarsal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the diaphysis of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal III&IV smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 diaphysis breadth The breadth of the diaphysis of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal IV breadth in the middle of the diaphysis (B) metatarsal bone of digit 4 diaphysis breadth The breadth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV breadth in the middle of the diaphysis (B) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The breadth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis metatarsal II smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 diaphysis breadth true OBSOLETE. The breadth of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal II smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 4. need to add diaphysis metatarsal IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (SD) metatarsal bone of digit 4 diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 4. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The circumference of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 2. need to add diaphysis metatarsal II smallest circumference of the diaphysis (SD) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 diaphysis circumference true OBSOLETE. The circumference of the diaphysis of a metatarsal bone of digit 2. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal II smallest circumference of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4. need to add diaphysis metatarsal III&IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (SD) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV smallest circumference of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) metatarsal bone of digit 4 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The breadth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal II greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 distal breadth true OBSOLETE. The breadth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal II greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posteriod axis. metatarsal III&IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) fused metatarsals 3 and 4 distal depth The depth of the distal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the anterior-posteriod axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The depth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posteriod axis. metatarsal IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) term not mreasured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 4 distal depth true OBSOLETE. The depth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the anterior-posteriod axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 OBSOLETE. The depth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posteriod axis. metatarsal II greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) term not measured obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 distal depth true OBSOLETE. The depth of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the anterior-posteriod axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal II greatest depth of the distal end (Dd) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal III&IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III&IV greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The greatest length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone 3 from the articular facet for the distal carpal bone 3 and anterior facet for the anterio facet for carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metacarpal III greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) metacarpal bone of digit 3 lateral length The greatest length of the lateral side of a metacarpal bone 3 from the articular facet for the distal carpal bone 3 and anterior facet for the anterio facet for carpal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 The greatest length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 from the articular facet for distal tarsal bone 3 and anterior facet for distal tarsal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metatarsal III greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) metatarsal bone of digit 3 lateral length The greatest length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 from the articular facet for distal tarsal bone 3 and anterior facet for distal tarsal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III greatest length of the lateral part (GLl) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 from the lateral border of articular facet for distal tarsal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. metatarsal III lateral length on the outer side (Ll) metatarsal bone of digit 3 outer lateral length The length of the lateral side of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 from the lateral border of articular facet for distal tarsal bone 4 to the lateral condyle. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III lateral length on the outer side (Ll) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. metacarpal V greatest breadth of the distal end (Bp) metacarpal bone of digit 5 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal V greatest breadth of the distal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal III greatest breadth of the distal (Bp) metatarsal bone of digit 3 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. metatarsal V greatest breadth of the distal (Bp) metatarsal bone of digit 5 distal breadth The length of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. metacarpal III length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) metacarpal bone of digit 3 length excluding plantar projection The length of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal III length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. metacarpal IV length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) metacarpal bone of digit 4 length excluding plantar projection The length of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. ISBN:9780873659505 metacarpal IV length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. metatarsal III length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) metatarsal bone of digit 3 length excluding plantar projection The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal III length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. metatarsal IV length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) metatarsal bone of digit 4 length excluding plantar projection The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 from the distal articular facets to the axial border of the proximal end. ISBN:9780873659505 metatarsal IV length excepting the plantar projection (LeP) ISBN:9780873659505 The widht of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. C1 breadth vertebral bone 1 breadth atlas greatest breadth over wings (GB) atlas breadth The widht of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas greatest breadth over wings (GB) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of an atlas along the dorsal-ventral axis. C1 length vertebral bone 1 length atlas greatest length (GL) atlas length The length of an atlas along the dorsal-ventral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the cranial articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface C1 cranial articular surface breadth vertebral bone 1 cranial articular surface breadth atlas greatest breadth of the Facies articularis cranialis (BFcr) atlas cranial articular surface breadth The width of the cranial articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas greatest breadth of the Facies articularis cranialis (BFcr) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the caudal articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface C1 caudal articular surface breadth vertebral bone 1 caudal articular surface breadth atlas greatest breadth of the Facies articularis caudalis (BFcd) atlas caudal articular surface breadth The width of the caudal articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas greatest breadth of the Facies articularis caudalis (BFcd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length from the cranial articular surface of an atlas to the caudal articular surface of an atlas. need to add articular surface C1 length between cranial and caudal articular surface vertebral bone 1 length between cranial and caudal articular surface atlas greatest length from the Facies articularis cranialis to the Facies articularis caudalis (GLF) atlas length between cranial and caudal articular surface The length from the cranial articular surface of an atlas to the caudal articular surface of an atlas. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas greatest length from the Facies articularis cranialis to the Facies articularis caudalis (GLF) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the arch of atlas along the proximal-distal axis. C1 dorsal arch length vertebral bone 1 dorsal arch length atlas length of the Arcus dorsalis (LAd) atlas dorsal arch length The length of the arch of atlas along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas length of the Arcus dorsalis (LAd) ISBN:9780873659505 The height of an atlas along the dorsal-ventral axis. C1 height vertebral bone 1 height atlas height (H) atlas height The height of an atlas along the dorsal-ventral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 atlas height (H) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the body of an axis along the proximal-distal axis. C2 body length vertebral bone 2 body length axis greatest length in the region of the corpus including the dens (LCDe) axis body length The length of the body of an axis along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest length in the region of the corpus including the dens (LCDe) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the arch of an axis along the proximal-distal axis. need to add arch C2 arch length vertebral bone 2 arch length axis greatest length of the arch including the Processus articulares caudales (LAPa) axis arch length The length of the arch of an axis along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest length of the arch including the Processus articulares caudales (LAPa) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the cranial articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular need to add articular surface C2 cranial articular surface breadth vertebral bone 2 cranial articular surface breadth axis greatest breadth of the Facis articularis cranialis (BFcr) axis cranial articular surface breadth The width of the cranial articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest breadth of the Facis articularis cranialis (BFcr) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the caudal articular process of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. need to add process C2 caudal articular process breadth vertebral bone 2 caudal articular process breadth axis greatest breadth across the Processus articularis caudales (BPacd) axis caudal articular process breadth The width of the caudal articular process of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest breadth across the Processus articularis caudales (BPacd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the transverse process of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. need to add process need to add transverse process C2 transverse articular process breadth vertebral bone 2 transverse articular process breadth axis greatest breadth across the Processus transversi (BPtr) axis transverse articular process breadth The width of the transverse process of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest breadth across the Processus transversi (BPtr) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. C2 breadth vertebral bone 2 breadth smallest breadth of the vertebra (SBV) axis breadth The width of an axis along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 smallest breadth of the vertebra (SBV) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the caudal articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface need to add process C2 caudal articular surface breadth vertebral bone 2 caudal articular surface breadth axis greatest breadth of the Facis terminalis caudalis (BFcd) axis caudal articular surface breadth The width of the caudal articular surface of an atlas along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest breadth of the Facis terminalis caudalis (BFcd) ISBN:9780873659505 The height of an axis along the dorsal-ventral axis. C2 height vertebral bone 2 height axis greatest height (H) axis height The height of an axis along the dorsal-ventral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 axis greatest height (H) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 already exists obsolete proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal breadth true The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) first phalanx of central digit distal articular breadth (M7) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal articular breadth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 3 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 already exists obsolete proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 distal breadth true The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular surface first phalanx of central digit distal articular depth (M8) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 distal articular surface depth The depth of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit distal articular depth (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the trigonum phalangis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add trigonum phalangis first phalanx of central digit minimal length of the trigonum phalangis (M9) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 trigonum phalangis length The length of the trigonum phalangis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit minimal length of the trigonum phalangis (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the medial surpatuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add supraturberosity first phalanx of central digit medial supratuberosital length (M10) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 medial supratuberosity length The length of the medial surpatuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit medial supratuberosital length (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the lateral surpatuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add supraturberosity first phalanx of central digit lateral supratuberosital length (M11) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 lateral supratuberosity length The length of the lateral surpatuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit lateral supratuberosital length (M11) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the lateral infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add infraturberosity first phalanx of central digit lateral infratuberosital length (M13) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 lateral infratuberosity length The length of the lateral infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit lateral infratuberosital length (M13) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the medial infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add infraturberosity first phalanx of central digit medial infratuberosital length (M12) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 medial infratuberosity length The length of the medial infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit medial infratuberosital length (M12) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of central digit maximal length (M1) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 length The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 3 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) first phalanx of central digit distal articular breadth (M7) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal articular breadth (M7) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. need to add articular surface first phalanx of central digit distal articular depth (M8) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 distal articular surface depth The depth of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit distal articular depth (M8) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a trigonum phalangis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add trigonum phalangis first phalanx of central digit minimal length of the trigonum phalangis (M9) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 trigonum phalangis length The length of a trigonum phalangis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit minimal length of the trigonum phalangis (M9) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a medial supratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add articular supratuberosity first phalanx of central digit medial supratuberosital length (M10) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 medial supratuberosity length The length of a medial supratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit medial supratuberosital length (M10) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a lateral supratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add articular supratuberosity first phalanx of central digit lateral supratuberosital length (M11) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 lateral supratuberosity length The length of a lateral supratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit lateral supratuberosital length (M11) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a medial infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add articular infratuberosity first phalanx of central digit medial infratuberosital length (M12) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 medial infratuberosity length The length of a medial infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit medial infratuberosital length (M12) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a lateral infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. need to add articular infratuberosity first phalanx of central digit lateral infratuberosital length (M13) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 lateral infratuberosity length The length of a lateral infratuberosity of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit lateral infratuberosital length (M13) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) middle phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal breadth The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) middle phalanx of manual digit 3 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 3 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) middle phalanx of manual digit 3 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the middle-distal axis. first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) middle phalanx of manual digit 3 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the middle-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) middle phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the middle-distal axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of central digit maximal length (M1) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 length The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the middle-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal breadth The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 3 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the middle-distal axis. first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the middle-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) third phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) distal phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 third phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis (BF) third phalanx of central digit articular breadth (M3) distal phalanx of manual digit 3 articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis (BF) ISBN:9780873659505 third phalanx of central digit articular breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) third phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) distal phalanx of manual digit 3 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 third phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth (GB) third phalanx of central digit maximal breadth (M3) distal phalanx of manual digit 3 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth (GB) ISBN:9780873659505 third phalanx of central digit maximal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the distal-distal axis. third phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) distal phalanx of manual digit 3 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 third phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) third phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) distal phalanx of manual digit 3 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 third phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the distal-distal axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of central digit maximal length (M1) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 length The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal breadth (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit proximal depth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 3 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit minimal breadth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 3 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of central digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M6) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 3 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of central digit anterior length (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal breadth The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of manual digit 5 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 5 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of manual digit 5 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) middle phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the middle-distal axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of fifth digit maximal length (M1) middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 length The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the middle-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal breadth The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 5 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of manual digit 1 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 1 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of manual digit 1 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of first digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of manual digit 1 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of first digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the distal-distal axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 length The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 proximal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 1 phalanx 3smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of first digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of first digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal breadth The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of manual digit 2 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 2 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of manual digit 2 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) middle phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the middle-distal axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of second digit maximal length (M1) middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 length The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the middle-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal breadth The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 2 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of manual digit 4 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 4 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of manual digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) middle phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the middle-distal axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of fourth digit maximal length (M1) middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 length The length of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the middle-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal breadth The width of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 4 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a middle phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of manual digit 5 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 5 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of manual digit 5 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of fifth digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of manual digit 5 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of fifth digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the distal-distal axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 length The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 5 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of fifth digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of fifth digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of manual digit 4 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 4 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of manual digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of fourth digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of manual digit 4 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of fourth digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the distal-distal axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 length The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 4 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of fourth digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of fourth digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of manual digit 2 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 2 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of manual digit 2 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of second digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of manual digit 2 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of second digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the distal-distal axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 length The length of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 2 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 3 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the distal-distal axis. first phalanx of second digit anterior length (M1) distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a distal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the distal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 first phalanx of second digit anterior length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of first digit proximal breadth (M2) middle phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal breadth The breadth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) middle phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of first digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) middle phalanx of manual digit 1 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 2 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 1 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) middle phalanx of manual digit 1 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 2 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of first digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) digit 1 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of first digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal articular surface breadth The depth of the middle end of a middle phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 2 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of first digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 1 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of first digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of first digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of first digit maximal length (M1) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 length The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of first digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of first digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 1 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of first digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of first digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of first digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 1 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 1 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 2 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of second digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of second digit maximal length (M1) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 length The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 2 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of second digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of second digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 2 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 5 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of fifth digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of fifth digit maximal length (M1) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 length The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 5 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of fifth digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fifth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 5 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal breadth The breadth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 distal breadth The breadth of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 4 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of fourth digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of manual digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) first phalanx of fourth digit maximal length (M1) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 length The length of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest length (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit maximal length (M1) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of proximal end (Bp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal breadth (M2) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal articular surface breadth The width of the proximal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of facies articularis proximalis (BFp) ISBN:9780873659505 The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 proximal depth The depth of the proximal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 depth of the proximal end (Dp) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit proximal depth (M3) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add diaphysis digit 4 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) first phalanx of fourth digit minimal breadth (M5) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit minimal breadth (M5) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 distal breadth The width of the distal end of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd) ISBN:9780873659505 first phalanx of fourth digit distal breadth at the tuberosities (M4) ISBN:9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 distal articular surface breadth The width of the distal articular surface of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest breadth of the facies articularis distalis (BFd) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 anterior length The length of the anterior side of a proximal phalanx of pedal digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 digit 4 phalanx 1 greatest length of the peripheral half (GLpe) ISBN:9780873659505 The length on the ventral side of a fused sacrum along the proximal-distal axis. fused sacrum length sacrum greatest length of the ventral side (GL) This is measured from the cranial borders of the wings to the centroventral border of the body of the last vertebra. sacrum length The length on the ventral side of a fused sacrum along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 sacrum greatest length of the ventral side (GL) ISBN:9780873659505 This is measured from the cranial borders of the wings to the centroventral border of the body of the last vertebra. ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the body of a fused sacrum on the ventral side along the proximal-distal axis. fused sacrum physiological length sacrum physiological length (PL) This is measured between the centers of the bodies of the most cranial and most caudal vertebrae. sacrum physiological length The length of the body of a fused sacrum on the ventral side along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 sacrum physiological length (PL) ISBN:9780873659505 This is measured between the centers of the bodies of the most cranial and most caudal vertebrae. ISBN:9780873659505 The width of a fused sacrum along the medial-lateral axis. fused sacrum breadth sacrum greatest breadth across the wings (GB) sacrum breadth The width of a fused sacrum along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 sacrum greatest breadth across the wings (GB) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the cranial articular surface of a fused sacrum along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface fused sacrum cranial articular surface breadth sacrum greatest breadth of the facies terminalis cranialis (BFcr) sacrum cranial articular surface breadth The width of the cranial articular surface of a fused sacrum along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 sacrum greatest breadth of the facies terminalis cranialis (BFcr) ISBN:9780873659505 The height of the cranial articular surface of a fused sacrum along the ventral-dorsal axis. need to add articular surface fused sacrum cranial articular surface height sacrum greatest height of the facies terminalis cranialis (HFcr) sacrum cranial articular surface height The height of the cranial articular surface of a fused sacrum along the ventral-dorsal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 sacrum greatest height of the facies terminalis cranialis (HFcr) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the body of a thoracic vertebra along the superior-inferior axis. thoracic vertebra physiological length of the body (PL) This is measured between the centers of the facies terminalis cranialis and the facies terminalis caudalis. thoracic vertebra physiological length The length of the body of a thoracic vertebra along the superior-inferior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra physiological length of the body (PL) ISBN:9780873659505 This is measured between the centers of the facies terminalis cranialis and the facies terminalis caudalis. ISBN:9780873659505 The width between a left and right transverse process along the medial-lateral axis. need to add transverse process thoracic vertebra greatest breadth across the processus transversi (BPtr) thoracic vertebra transverse process breadth The width between a left and right transverse process along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra greatest breadth across the processus transversi (BPtr) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the cranial articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface thoracic vertebra greatest breadth of the processus articulares craniales breadth (BFcr) thoracic vertebra cranial articular surface breadth The width of the cranial articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra greatest breadth of the processus articulares craniales breadth (BFcr) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the caudal articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular surface thoracic vertebra greatest breadth of the processus articulares caudales breadth (BFcd) thoracic vertebra caudal articular surface breadth The width of the caudal articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra greatest breadth of the processus articulares caudales breadth (BFcd) ISBN:9780873659505 The height of the cranial articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis. need to add articular surface thoracic vertebra greatest height of the processus articulares craniales height (HFcr) thoracic vertebra cranial articular surface height The height of the cranial articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra greatest height of the processus articulares craniales height (HFcr) ISBN:9780873659505 The height of the caudal articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis. need to add articular surface thoracic vertebra greatest height of the processus articulares caudales height (HFcd) thoracic vertebra caudal articular surface height The height of the caudal articular surface of a thoracic vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra greatest height of the processus articulares caudales height (HFcd) ISBN:9780873659505 The height of a thoracic vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis. thoracic vertebra greatest height (H) thoracic vertebra height The height of a thoracic vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis. ISBN:9780873659505 thoracic vertebra greatest height (H) ISBN:9780873659505 The length of the body of a cervical vertebra along the superior-inferior axis. cervical vertebra physiological length of the body (PL) This is measured between the centers of the facies terminalis cranialis and the facies terminalis caudalis. cervical vertebra physiological length The length of the body of a cervical vertebra along the superior-inferior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 cervical vertebra physiological length of the body (PL) ISBN:9780873659505 This is measured between the centers of the facies terminalis cranialis and the facies terminalis caudalis. ISBN:9780873659505 The length between the cranial and caudal articular processes along the superior-inferior axis. need to add articular process cervical vertebra greatest length from the processus articulares craniales to the processus articulares caudales (GLPa) cervical vertebra length between cranial and caudal articular processes The length between the cranial and caudal articular processes along the superior-inferior axis. ISBN:9780873659505 cervical vertebra greatest length from the processus articulares craniales to the processus articulares caudales (GLPa) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the cranial articular surface of a cervical vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular process cervical vertebra greatest breadth across the processus articulares craniales (BPacr) cervical vertebra cranial articular process breadth The width of the cranial articular surface of a cervical vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 cervical vertebra greatest breadth across the processus articulares craniales (BPacr) ISBN:9780873659505 The width of the caudal articular surface of a cervical vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. need to add articular process cervical vertebra greatest breadth across the processus articulares caudales (BPacd) cervical vertebra caudal articular process breadth The width of the caudal articular surface of a cervical vertebra along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 cervical vertebra greatest breadth across the processus articulares caudales (BPacd) ISBN:9780873659505 The width between the left and right transverse processes along the medial-lateral axis. need to add transverse process cervical vertebra greatest breadth across the processus transversi (BPtr) cervical vertebra transverse process breadth The width between the left and right transverse processes along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN:9780873659505 cervical vertebra greatest breadth across the processus transversi (BPtr) ISBN:9780873659505 The hieght of the cranial articular surface of a cervical vertebra along the ventral-dorsal axis.