None These are the terms that are improted for FOVT to describe vertebrate traits. FuTRES Ontology of Vertebrate Traits editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term example A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg is allocated id range A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB 2018-09-21T16:43:39Z Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg term replaced by term replaced by tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T. x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. Chris Mungall ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: ?X and (RO_0002162 some ?Y) RO:0002161 uberon never_in_taxon true true never_in_taxon never in taxon never_in_taxon S never_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only not T. PMID:20973947 If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description uberon dc-description true dc-description An account of the content of the resource. Description Description description Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title uberon dc-title true dc-title A name given to the resource. Title Title title Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z http://purl.org/dc/terms/license uberon dcterms-license true dcterms-license license has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_related_synonym is part of is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part_of BFO:0000050 external oba protein quality uberon part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. a core relation that holds between a whole and its part a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has_part BFO:0000051 chebi_ontology external oba protein quality uberon has_part false has_part We use the has_part relation to relate complex qualities to more primitive ones. A complex quality is a collection of qualities. The complex quality cannot exist without the sub-qualities. For example, the quality 'swollen' necessarily comes with the qualities of 'protruding' and 'increased size'. has part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X). x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000062 is preceded by takes place after uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded by preceded_by is preceded by SIO:000249 takes place after Allen:precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs in [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains_process contains process contains process x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer. cjm 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior to anterior_to x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:0000097 uberon distal_to distal_to distal to distal_to x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:cjm x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal to dorsal_to x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal_to uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior to posterior_to x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:0000100 uberon proximal_to proximal_to proximal to proximal_to x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:cjm x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral to ventral_to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 uberon deep_to deep_to deep to deep_to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:cjm Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial to superficial_to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:cjm X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 uberon in_left_side_of in_left_side_of in left side of in_left_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 uberon in_right_side_of in_right_side_of in right side of in_right_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. BSPO:0000122 uberon in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of in posterior side of in_posterior_side_of X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 uberon in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of in anterior side of in_anterior_side_of X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 uberon in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in proximal side of in_proximal_side_of X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 uberon in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in distal side of in_distal_side_of X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure. BSPO:0000126 uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in lateral side of in_lateral_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure UBERON:cjm X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y. BSPO:0001106 uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost part of proximalmost_part_of X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0001107 uberon immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to immediately deep to immediately_deep_to This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y. BSPO:0001108 uberon distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of distalmost part of distalmost_part_of X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 BSPO:0001113 uberon preaxialmost_part_of preaxialmost_part_of preaxialmost part of preaxialmost_part_of BSPO:0001115 uberon postaxialmost_part_of postaxialmost_part_of postaxialmost part of postaxialmost_part_of X intersects median plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y. X intersects_median_plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y. BSPO:0005001 uberon intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects midsagittal plane of intersects_midsagittal_plane_of x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0015014 uberon immediately_superficial_to immediately_superficial_to immediately superficial to immediately_superficial_to x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:0015101 uberon in_dorsal_side_of in_dorsal_side_of in dorsal side of in_dorsal_side_of X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:cjm This document is about information artifacts and their representations is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r person:Alan Ruttenberg Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes inverse of the relation 'denotes' Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon denoted by has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_input_of is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in RO:0000052 oba inheres_in inheres_in characteristic of inheres in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 uberon bearer_of bearer_of bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 uberon participates_in participates_in participates in participates_in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence function of a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of role of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has function a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence RO:0000086 uberon has_quality has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition disposition of a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location of location_of contained in RO:0001019 uberon contains contains contains contains a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location RO:0001025 uberon located_in located_in located in located_in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity RO:0002000 uberon boundary_of boundary_of 2D boundary of a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_boundary has 2D boundary has boundary RO:0002005 nerve supply uberon innervated_by innervated_by http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail?id=6 innervated_by nerve supply FMA:85999 X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. has positive regulatory component activity has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component process directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos before or simultaneous with Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. RO:0002082 coincides_with is_equal_to uberon simultaneous_with simultaneous_with simultaneous with Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. Allen:is_equal_to https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y). A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 directly preceded by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by immediately preceded by immediately_preceded_by A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. SIO:000251 is immediately preceded by SIO:000251 immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y BFO_0000051 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 uberon overlaps overlaps overlaps overlaps true Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. RO:0002134 uberon innervates innervates http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail?id=6 innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous_with continuous with continuous_with RO:0002158 uberon homologous_to homologous_to S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T. x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. RO:0002160 uberon only_in_taxon only_in_taxon only in taxon S only_in_taxon T iff: S SubClassOf in_taxon only T. PMID:20973947 x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. RO:0002162 uberon in_taxon in_taxon in taxon Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to Connection does not imply overlaps. connected to connected to Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects connects Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. RO:0002177 uberon attaches_to_part_of attaches_to_part_of attached to part of attaches_to_part_of true true Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. RO:0002178 arterial supply of uberon supplies supplies source: FMA supplies arterial supply of FMA:86003 Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. RO:0002179 drains blood from drains from uberon drains drains source: Wikipedia drains drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. RO:0002180 uberon has_component has_component has component has component has_component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops from develops_from inverse of develops from RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops into develops_into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. RO:0002207 uberon directly_develops_from directly_develops_from directly develops from inverse of directly develops from directly develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. RO:0002211 regulates regulates regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. RO:0002212 negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. RO:0002213 positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 protein uberon capable_of false capable_of capable of capable of capable_of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. RO:0002216 uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y. RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded_by x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary. RO:0002220 uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent to adjacent_to inverse of surrounded by inverse of surrounded_by. RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds surrounds inverse of surrounded_by. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 temporally related to Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. inverse of starts with RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts starts Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. Allen:starts https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. RO:0002224 uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y RO:0002225 uberon develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing RO:0002226 uberon develops_in develops_in This relation take from EHDAA2 - precise semantics yet to be defined develops in Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. inverse of ends with RO:0002229 finishes uberon ends ends ends ends Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. Allen:starts ZFS:finishes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. RO:0002230 uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. has output x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from RO:0002255 uberon developmentally_contributes_to developmentally_contributes_to developmentally contributes to t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) developmentally induced by developmentally_induced_by t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. GO:0001759 Inverse of developmentally induced by developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p RO:0002258 uberon developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by developmentally preceded by c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. acts upstream of or within x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally replaces developmentally_replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by part of developmental precursor of causally upstream of, positive effect causally upstream of, negative effect RO:0002314 oba inheres_in_part_of inheres_in_part_of inheres in part -of RO:0002322 adapted_for uberon confers_advantage_in confers_advantage_in confers advantage in enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. RO:0002329 uberon part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p involved in inverse of enables enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO RO:0002350 uberon member_of member_of member of member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member has member inverse of has input RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of input of inverse of has output RO:0002353 uberon output_of output_of output of output of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a RO:0002371 uberon attaches_to attaches_to attached to attaches_to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. RO:0002372 uberon has_muscle_origin has_muscle_origin The origin is the end of a muscle that attaches to the more fixed part of the skeleton, which is the proximal end in limb muscles has muscle origin We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy)#Muscles m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. RO:0002373 uberon has_muscle_insertion has_muscle_insertion The insertion is the point of attachment of a muscle that moves the most when the muscle shortens, or the most distal end of limb muscles has muscle insertion We need to import uberon muscle into RO to use as a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat. RO:0002374 uberon has_fused_element has_fused_element A single bone in one species may correspond to the fusion of two or more bones found as distinct elements in another. For example, tibiofibula has_fused_element tibia. A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B, rather than A has_part some B', where B' is not a subtype of B (because B is a distinct element but B' is a regional part) but has some evolutionary relationship to B. derived from ancestral fusion of A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. in branching relationship with x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. RO:0002376 uberon drains into tributary_of tributary_of tributary of tributary_of drains into dbpowl:drainsTo x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location spatially coextensive with x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve RO:0002380 uberon branching_part_of branching_part_of branching part of branching_part_of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y. RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y. RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y. RO:0002388 uberon has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p involved in or involved in regulation of c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. interacts with An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. molecularly interacts with phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly positively regulates activity of x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y. RO:0002473 uberon composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in true relation between physical entity and a process or stage Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). RO:0002488 begins_to_exist_during uberon existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) existence overlaps x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) RO:0002491 uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence_starts_and_ends_during existence starts and ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon existence_ends_during existence_ends_during existence ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with existence ends with Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships RO:0002494 transforms from uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of transforms from SIO:000657 x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of direct_transformation_of https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 immediately transforms from SIO:000658 x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. causal relation between processes causal relation between entities A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. RO:0002551 uberon has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton This should be to a more restricted class, but not the Uberon class may be too restricted since it is a composition-based definition of skeleton rather than functional. A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 causally influenced by The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. biomechanically related to m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. RO:0002568 uberon has_muscle_antagonist has_muscle_antagonist has muscle antagonist m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. Wikipedia:Antagonist_(muscle) inverse of branching part of RO:0002569 uberon has_branching_part has_branching_part has branching part x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. RO:0002571 uberon lumen_of lumen_of lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal_space_of luminal space of inverse of has skeleton RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton_of skeleton of Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulates s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. RO:0003000 uberon produces produces produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced_by produced by produced by produced_by Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. enables subfunction acts upstream of or within, positive effect acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative acts upstream of, negative effect causally upstream of or within, negative effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. uberon anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern carries uberon channel_for channel for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. uberon conduit_for conduit for x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. uberon distally_connected_to distally connected to x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. uberon filtered_through Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed filtered through X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. uberon in_central_side_of in_central_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. BSPO:cjm a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. add to RO uberon indirectly_supplies indirectly_supplies x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon protects protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. uberon proximally_connected_to proximally connected to x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon sexually_homologous_to sexually_homologous_to c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. uberon capable_of_has_part site_of site_of uberon subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. uberon synapsed_by synapsed by . uberon transitively_anteriorly_connected_to transitively anteriorly connected to . http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon transitively_connected_to transitively_connected to . uberon transitively_distally_connected_to transitively distally connected to . http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern . uberon transitively_proximally_connected_to transitively proximally connected to . http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern sighting A trip camera capture of an image of a jaguar is an observation, because it is "selected" by the camera as worthy of obsevation simply by virtue of moving in front of the camera. Observing and recording the presence or absence of butterflies during a transect walk. Seeing three pelicans flying overhead on Christmas day and report them as part of the Christmas Bird Count. A process in which a person or machine sees or detects a material entity and selects it as worthy of observation, and which has as output an information content entity about the selected material entity. This class replaces class bco_0000003, which was made obsolete because of identifier format. We are having conversation with OBI developers about how this term relates to OBI:assay (). Is it equivalent, broader, narrower? What does it mean to be the input to an observation. Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon An observing process is distinguished from a specimen collecting process in by having an information content entity as an output rather than a specimen. The information artifact may be written or recorded or just be stored in someone's head (specifically depenedent upon that person). In the context of a taxonomic inventory, an observing process may be called a sighting, which is an ad hoc reporting of, typically, a single taxon occurrence, usually motivated by rarity, individual interest in the taxon, or atypicality of circumstances. observing process the role borne by a bird during a Christmas Bird Count A role that is borne by some material entity and is realized by the material entity being the input of an observing process. This term replaced bco_0000046, which was made obsolete because of incorrect identifier format. Biocode Commons Ontology Hackathon material target of observation role entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] object object gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] anatomical entity connected anatomical structure material anatomical entity biological entity electron polypeptide hyaluronic acid protein polypeptide chain peptide glycan glycoprotein glycosaminoglycan acyl group aminoglycan carbamoyl group molecular entity chemical entity group nitrogen atom nonmetal atom organic sulfate oxygen atom oxygen molecular entity sulfuric ester sulfates sulfur atom sulfur molecular entity univalent carboacyl group carbon atom amide fundamental particle oxoacid derivative organic group atom atomic nucleus nucleon primary amide heteroorganic entity pnictogen pnictogen molecular entity chalcogen chalcogen molecular entity carbon group element atom main group element atom sulfur oxoacid derivative p-block element atom main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity p-block molecular entity biomacromolecule information biomacromolecule proteinogenic amino-acid residue amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residue conjugated protein macromolecule organonitrogen compound ester sulfated glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate sulfate protein lepton baryon fermion subatomic particle composite particle hadron nuclear particle polyatomic entity organochalcogen compound organooxygen compound mucopolysaccharide heteroatomic molecular entity carboxamide sulfuric acid derivative carboacyl group mineral phosphate mineral organic amino compound organic molecular entity nitrogen molecular entity apatite hydroxylapatite chemical substance carbohydrate derivative polysaccharide derivative exopolysaccharide carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 cell CL:0000000 The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell cell A cell that is found in a natural setting, which includes multicellular organism cells 'in vivo' (i.e. part of an organism), and unicellular organisms 'in environment' (i.e. part of a natural environment). CARO:0000013 cell in vivo cell CL:0000003 To accommodate unicellular organisms better, 'cell in vivo' has been re-labeled 'native cell' to better represent its intended meaning - that is, that it is a cell in the context of a multicellular organism or in a natural environment. 'Native' is intended to contrast with 'in vitro', which refers to cells or other biological entities that have been intentionally placed in a controlled, non-natural setting for the purpose of study or manipulation. (MAH 1.12.12). native cell Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. cell CL:0000005 fibroblast neural crest derived neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) cell CL:0000006 neuronal receptor cell A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. cell CL:0000007 early embryonic cell (metazoa) Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. cell CL:0000008 migratory cranial neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. cell CL:0000011 migratory trunk neural crest cell Male germ cell is a germ cell that supports male gamete production. FMA:72290 MA:0002765 VHOG:0001531 ncithesaurus:Spermatogenic_Cell cell CL:0000015 male germ cell A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. BTO:0001275 CALOHA:TS-0951 EMAPA:31484 FBbt:00004936 FMA:84049 WBbt:0006799 cell CL:0000017 spermatocyte A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. BTO:0001274 CALOHA:TS-0950 EMAPA:31486 FBbt:00004942 FMA:72294 WBbt:0006800 nematoblast cell CL:0000018 spermatid A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. BTO:0001277 BTO:0002046 CALOHA:TS-0949 FBbt:00004954 FMA:67338 WBbt:0006798 sperm cell spermatozoid spermatozoon cell CL:0000019 sperm An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. BTO:0000958 CALOHA:TS-2193 EMAPA:31482 FBbt:00004935 FMA:72291 cell CL:0000020 spermatogonium Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MA:0000388 VHOG:0001530 ncithesaurus:Egg cell CL:0000021 female germ cell A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. BTO:0000964 CALOHA:TS-0711 FBbt:00004886 FMA:18644 WBbt:0006797 cell oogonium CL:0000023 oocyte A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. cell CL:0000027 smooth muscle cell neural crest derived cell CL:0000029 neuron neural crest derived FBbt:00005145 cell CL:0000030 glioblast A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. CL:0000337 BTO:0000930 FMA:70563 neuroblast cell CL:0000031 neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 cell CL:0000034 stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 FMA:70337 FMA:86475 VHOG:0001485 HSC blood forming stem cell hemopoietic stem cell cell colony forming unit hematopoietic CL:0000037 Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. hematopoietic stem cell A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. BTO:0004911 cell BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell CL:0000038 erythroid progenitor cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. cell CL:0000039 Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. germ line cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. FMA:84789 multi-fate stem cell multifate stem cell multipotent cell multipotent stem cell cell CL:0000048 multi fate stem cell A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. BTO:0004730 CMP common myeloid precursor cell CFU-GEMM CFU-S colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte multipotential myeloid stem cell myeloid stem cell pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) CL:0000049 This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059). common myeloid progenitor A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. CFU-EM CFU-MegE MEP Meg/E progenitor colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell cell CL:0000050 MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2. megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. FMA:84790 totipotential stem cell cell CL:0000052 totipotent stem cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 FMA:84782 blast cell cell CL:0000055 define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? non-terminally differentiated cell A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. BTO:0000222 CALOHA:TS-0650 FBbt:00005083 FMA:70335 VHOG:0001529 cell CL:0000056 myoblast A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. BTO:0000452 CALOHA:TS-0362 FMA:63877 VHOG:0001482 cell CL:0000057 These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. fibroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. BTO:0003607 FMA:66783 chrondoplast cell CL:0000058 chondroblast Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell. BTO:0001769 CALOHA:TS-0696 FMA:62999 cell CL:0000060 legacy def: One of the cells forming the outer surface of dental pulp that produces tooth dentin. odontoblast A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. VHOG:0001532 XAO:0000031 cell CL:0000064 ciliated cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. BTO:0000414 CALOHA:TS-2026 CARO:0000077 FBbt:00000124 FMA:66768 WBbt:0003672 epitheliocyte cell CL:0000066 epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. FMA:70605 cell CL:0000067 ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. cell CL:0000068 duct epithelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree cell CL:0000071 blood vessel endothelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. cell CL:0000075 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1249 cell CL:0000076 squamous epithelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. FMA:66773 mesotheliocyte cell CL:0000077 mesothelial cell A cell found predominately in the blood. FMA:62844 cell CL:0000081 blood cell cell CL:0000095 neuron associated cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 cell CL:0000098 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and neurecto-epithelial cell (CL:0000710). sensory epithelial cell Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. BTO:0003811 FBbt:00005125 FMA:67313 WBbt:0005113 cell CL:0000099 interneuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. BTO:0000312 FMA:83617 WBbt:0005409 motoneuron cell CL:0000100 motor neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. BTO:0001037 FBbt:00005124 FMA:84649 WBbt:0005759 cell CL:0000101 sensory neuron An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. BTO:0001176 CALOHA:TS-0278 FMA:66772 endotheliocyte cell CL:0000115 From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. endothelial cell cell CL:0000117 CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. BTO:0002606 CALOHA:TS-0415 FMA:54536 neuroglial cell cell neuroglia CL:0000125 glial cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. neurectoderm cell cell CL:0000133 neurectodermal cell A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. CL:0002452 BTO:0002625 BTO:0003298 FMA:70546 BMSC bone marrow stromal cells colony-forming unit-fibroblast marrow stromal cells cell CFU-F MSC mesenchymal precursor cell mesenchymal progenitor cells mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stromal cell mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal CL:0000134 Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. mesenchymal stem cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/474 A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. CL:0000450 BTO:0000443 CALOHA:TS-0012 FMA:63880 adipocyte adipose cell cell CL:0000136 fat cell Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. BTO:0000249 CALOHA:TS-0138 FMA:66782 cartilage cell cell CL:0000138 chondrocyte A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. VHOG:0001678 chromatocyte chromatophore cell CL:0000147 pigment cell pigment cell cell CL:0000149 visual pigment cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. CALOHA:TS-2085 FMA:86494 cell CL:0000150 glandular epithelial cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 FMA:86916 cell CL:0000151 secretory cell A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GAG secreting cell hyaluronic acid secreting cell cell CL:0000153 glycosaminoglycan secreting cell cell CL:0000154 protein secreting cell cell CL:0000159 seromucus secreting cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. FMA:83809 endocrinocyte cell CL:0000163 endocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. BTO:0003865 FMA:62930 cell CL:0000164 enteroendocrine cell cell CL:0000167 peptide hormone secreting cell A cell that secretes glucagon. FMA:84045 glucagon-secreting cell cell CL:0000170 glucagon secreting cell cell CL:0000172 somatostatin secreting cell cell CL:0000174 steroid hormone secreting cell A cell whose primary function is to shorten. cell CL:0000183 contractile cell A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. BTO:0000888 BTO:0000902 CALOHA:TS-2032 FBbt:00005074 FMA:67328 WBbt:0003675 muscle fiber myocyte cell CL:0000187 muscle cell A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. BTO:0004392 CALOHA:TS-2158 FMA:9727 skeletal muscle cell cell CL:0000188 cell of skeletal muscle A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). CL:0000191 BTO:0004576 CALOHA:TS-2159 FMA:14072 SMCs myocytes, smooth muscle smooth muscle fiber non-striated muscle cell cell CL:0000192 smooth muscle cell A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. receptor cell cell CL:0000197 sensory receptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. cell CL:0000206 chemoreceptor cell BTO:0004185 FMA:67860 Wikipedia:Olfactory_receptor_neuron Schultze's cell odorant receptor cell olfactory receptor neuron olfactory sensory neuron cell CL:0000207 olfactory receptor cell A cell type found in the spherical or ovoid clusters of receptor cells found mainly in the epithelium of the tongue and constituting the end organs of the sense of taste. FMA:67910 taste bud cell cell CL:0000209 taste receptor cell A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. BTO:0001060 CALOHA:TS-0868 FBbt:00004211 FMA:86740 cell CL:0000210 photoreceptor cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. cell CL:0000211 electrically active cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. boundary cell cell CL:0000213 lining cell A meso-epithelial cell that lies between the cartilaginous fibers in the synovial membrane of a joint and produces hyaluronic acid. BTO:0003652 CALOHA:TS-0995 FMA:66786 synoviocyte hyaluronic acid secreting cell cell CL:0000214 synovial cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. cell CL:0000215 barrier cell A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. BTO:0001238 CALOHA:TS-0922 FMA:72298 VHOG:0001348 cell CL:0000216 Sertoli cell A cell that moves by its own activities. cell CL:0000219 motile cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72549 ectoderm cell cell CL:0000221 ectodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. FMA:72554 mesoblast mesoderm cell cell CL:0000222 mesodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72555 endoderm cell cell CL:0000223 endodermal cell A cell with more than one nucleus. AEO:0000203 WBbt:0008074 syncitium syncytial cell syncytium cell CL:0000228 multinucleate cell A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. BTO:0000424 CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:81100 RBC red blood cell cell CL:0000232 erythrocyte cell CL:0000255 eukaryotic cell cell CL:0000287 eye photoreceptor cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. cell CL:0000293 structural cell A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. CALOHA:TS-0395 FBbt:00005412 FMA:18649 haploid nucleated cell cell haploid germ cell CL:0000300 gamete Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. BTO:0003687 FMA:62511 serous cell cell CL:0000313 serous secreting cell BTO:0003689 mucous cell cell CL:0000319 mucus secreting cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). cell CL:0000325 stuff accumulating cell cell CL:0000327 extracellular matrix secreting cell cell CL:0000329 oxygen accumulating cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. FMA:86667 cell CL:0000333 migratory neural crest cell A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. cell CL:0000335 mesenchyme condensation cell A cell of the sclera of the eye. cell CL:0000347 scleral cell cell CL:0000349 extraembryonic cell A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. FMA:83028 trophoblastic cell cell CL:0000351 trophoblast cell A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. cell CL:0000352 epiblast cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). BTO:0001473 FMA:72551 blastomere cell CL:0000353 blastoderm cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. FMA:86767 cell CL:0000355 Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo. multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). CL:1000396 BTO:0001470 CALOHA:TS-0283 FMA:62411 cell of epidermis epithelial cell of skin cell CL:0000362 epidermal cell Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. zygote BTO:0000854 EHDAA2:0004546 FMA:72395 cell CL:0000365 animal zygote A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. cell CL:0000393 electrically responsive cell cell CL:0000402 CNS interneuron A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. cell CL:0000404 electrically signaling cell BTO:0001277 CALOHA:TS-0949 cell CL:0000408 male gamete A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. cell CL:0000413 haploid cell cell CL:0000447 carbohydrate secreting cell A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. BTO:0002064 FMA:83624 cell CL:0000499 stromal cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. cell CL:0000511 androgen binding protein secreting cell A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. CL:0000714 FMA:84797 cardiac muscle progenitor cell cardiomyocyte progenitor cell cell CL:0000513 cardiac muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. FMA:84798 myoblast, smooth muscle cell satellite cell CL:0000514 smooth muscle myoblast A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. FMA:84799 skeletal myoblast cell CL:0000515 skeletal muscle myoblast A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. FMA:87653 input neuron cell CL:0000526 afferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. output neuron cell CL:0000527 efferent neuron cell CL:0000530 primary neuron cell CL:0000531 primary sensory neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FBbt:00005106 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 nerve cell cell CL:0000540 These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. neuron neuron An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83518 rubriblast cell pronormoblast CL:0000547 proerythroblast cell CL:0000548 animal cell A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83505 basophilic normoblast early erythroblast early normoblast prorubricyte cell CL:0000549 basophilic erythroblast A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83506 intermediate erythroblast intermediate normoblast polychromatic erythroblast polychromatic normoblast polychromatophilic normoblast rubricyte cell CL:0000550 polychromatophilic erythroblast The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. FMA:84646 acidophilic erythroblast eosinophilic erythroblast late erythoblast orthochromatic normoblast pyknotic eto enrythroblast cell CL:0000552 orthochromatic erythroblast An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. BTO:0001173 CALOHA:TS-0864 cell CL:0000558 reticulocyte A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. angioblast chondroplast cell CL:0000566 These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive. angioblastic mesenchymal cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. BTO:0001036 CALOHA:TS-0866 FMA:67748 cell CL:0000573 retinal cone cell The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. BTO:0000535 VHOG:0001534 WBbt:0006796 cell CL:0000586 germ cell A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. cell CL:0000593 androgen secreting cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. BTO:0001024 CALOHA:TS-0870 FMA:67747 cell CL:0000604 retinal rod cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. BTO:0002315 cell CL:0000630 supportive cell A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. BTO:0001115 CALOHA:TS-2194 FMA:72292 cell CL:0000656 primary spermatocyte One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. BTO:0000709 CALOHA:TS-2195 FBbt:00004941 FMA:72293 cell CL:0000657 secondary spermatocyte An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. cell CL:0000667 collagen secreting cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. cell CL:0000680 muscle precursor cell A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. FMA:62938 FMA:83409 type F enteroendocrine cell cell CL:0000696 PP cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 FMA:70557 cell CL:0000710 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). neurecto-epithelial cell A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 cell CL:0000723 somatic stem cell Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. BTO:0002916 CALOHA:TS-2157 FMA:86936 cell CL:0000737 striated muscle cell The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. BTO:0001800 FMA:67765 RGC gangliocyte ganglion cell of retina cell CL:0000740 retinal ganglion cell Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. FMA:83808 cardiocyte BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:14067 cardiac muscle fiber cardiac myocyte cardiomyocyte heart muscle cell cell CL:0000746 This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. cardiac muscle cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. BTO:0001441 CALOHA:TS-0647 cell CL:0000763 myeloid cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. CL:0002156 CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:62845 FMA:83516 erythropoietic cell cell CL:0000764 Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. erythroid lineage cell A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. BTO:0001571 CALOHA:TS-0289 FMA:83504 normoblast cell CL:0000765 erythroblast A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 MPP hemopoietic progenitor cell cell CL:0000837 Markers differ between mouse and human. hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. myeloid progenitor cell BTO:0004730 CALOHA:TS-2099 FMA:70339 cell CL:0000839 Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. BTO:0000574 CALOHA:TS-2017 FMA:70366 FMA:83598 haematopoietic cell haemopoietic cell hemopoietic cell cell CL:0000988 hematopoietic cell A connective tissue cell found in bone. adiehl 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z cell CL:0001035 bone cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. tmeehan 2010-01-06T03:43:20Z cell CL:0002031 hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. tmeehan 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z cell CL:0002032 This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060). hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. tmeehan 2010-09-10T10:48:54Z FMA:62939 cell CL:0002067 type A enteroendocrine cell Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. tmeehan 2010-06-28T08:36:15Z BTO:0001032 FMA:14146 Purkinje cell fiber Purkinje muscle cell myocytus conducens cardiacus cell CL:0002068 Purkinje myocyte A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. tmeehan 2010-06-29T11:41:37Z pacemaker cell BTO:0004190 FMA:67101 P cell cardiac pacemaker cell myocytus nodalis cell CL:0002072 nodal myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. tmeehan 2010-06-29T02:39:32Z FMA:67142 cell CL:0002073 transitional myocyte The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). tmeehan 2010-06-29T11:50:47Z FMA:67111 cell CL:0002074 myocardial endocrine cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. tmeehan 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z FMA:69075 cell CL:0002076 endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. tmeehan 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z FMA:69074 cell CL:0002077 ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. tmeehan 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z FMA:69076 epithelial mesenchymal cell cell CL:0002078 meso-epithelial cell A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. tmeehan 2010-07-21T01:33:38Z FMA:67968 cell CL:0002086 specialized cardiac myocyte A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. tmeehan 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z BTO:0004850 FMA:83621 cell CL:0002092 MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense. bone marrow cell A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. tmeehan 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z FMA:18710 hilar cell of ovary cell CL:0002095 hilus cell of ovary A stomal cell of the ovary tmeehan 2010-08-23T12:10:31Z FMA:72299 ovarian stromal cell cell CL:0002132 stromal cell of ovary An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. tmeehan 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z BTO:0001854 CALOHA:TS-1106 FMA:67755 vascular endothelial cell cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree cell CL:0002139 These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. endothelial cell of vascular tree Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. tmeehan 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z FMA:70556 cell CL:0002159 general ecto-epithelial cell A fibroblast in the bone marrow. tmeehan 2010-09-07T02:25:18Z FMA:84377 cell CL:0002240 marrow fibroblast A cell containing at least one nucleus. tmeehan 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z FMA:67513 cell CL:0002242 nucleate cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. tmeehan 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 cell CL:0002319 neural cell A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. tmeehan 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z CL:1000406 CALOHA:TS-2096 FMA:63875 cell CL:0002320 connective tissue cell A cell of the embryo. tmeehan 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z CALOHA:TS-0263 FMA:82840 FMA:82841 WBbt:0007028 cell CL:0002321 embryonic cell (metazoa) A fat cell derived from a neural crest cell. tmeehan 2010-09-20T02:25:25Z cell CL:0002333 neural crest derived fat cell A cell of an organism that does not pass on its genetic material to the organism's offspring (i.e. a non-germ line cell). tmeehan 2010-09-24T09:44:42Z BTO:0001268 FMA:72300 WBbt:0008378 cell CL:0002371 somatic cell A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. tmeehan 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z CL:0000369 myotubule single cell sarcomere cell CL:0002372 myotube A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. tmeehan 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:83808 FMA:84791 heart cell cell CL:0002494 From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. cardiocyte A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc tmeehan 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z BTO:0002441 FMA:84639 cell CL:0002503 adventitial cell An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. tmeehan 2011-02-28T04:20:39Z cell CL:0002546 See CL:0002619. embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. tmeehan 2011-03-15T11:59:23Z cell CL:0002625 seminiferous tubule epithelial cell A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. tmeehan 2011-08-16T02:38:01Z cell CL:0002672 retinal progenitor cell A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. tmeehan 2011-08-22T09:24:15Z cell CL:0002676 neural crest derived neuroblast A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. cell CL:0005000 Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240. spinal cord interneuron Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). haendel 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z scleroblast cell CL:0007001 Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts) skeletogenic cell Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. haendel 2012-06-15T05:15:11Z cell CL:0007003 preodontoblast Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. haendel 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z cell CL:0007004 premigratory neural crest cell Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. haendel 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z cell CL:0007009 prechondroblast Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. CL:0008000 non-striated muscle cell Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. CL:0008001 hematopoietic precursor cell A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. CL:0008002 skeletal muscle fiber A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle CL:0008007 visceral muscle cell A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. mesenchyme cell CL:0008019 mesenchymal cell camera type eye photoreceptor cell CL:0010009 camera-type eye photoreceptor cell A zygote in a plant or an animal. CL:0010017 zygote cell CL:0010021 cardiac myoblast A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. cell CL:0011012 neural crest cell A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 CL:0011026 progenitor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. CL:0011115 Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. precursor cell trophectoderm cell cell CL:1000274 trophectodermal cell A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. FMA:261279 cell CL:1000303 fibroblast of areolar connective tissue A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. FMA:261285 cell CL:1000306 fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery A fat cell that is part of the epicardial fat. FMA:261293 adipocyte of epicardial fat epicardial fat cell cell CL:1000309 epicardial adipocyte A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 SA nodal myocyte SA node cardiac muscle cell myocyte of sinoatrial node sinoatrial node cell sinoatrial node myocyte sinuatrial node myocyte cell CL:1000409 myocyte of sinoatrial node A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 AV nodal myocyte AV node cardiac muscle cell AV node cell atrioventricular node cell atrioventricular node myocyte cell CL:1000410 myocyte of atrioventricular node Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. TermGenie 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z cell CL:2000022 cardiac septum cell Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. TermGenie 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z cell CL:2000029 central nervous system neuron biome terrestrial biome environmental system ecosystem A length measurement of the body that includes the tail. total length body length with tail A length measurement of the body that includes the tail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 A length measurement of the body that excludes a tail, usually ending at the anus. snout-vent length head-body length body length without tail A length measurement of the body that excludes a tail, usually ending at the anus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 A length measurement of a hind foot that includes a nail. pes length with claw hind foot length with nail A length measurement of a hind foot that includes a nail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 A length measurement of a hind foot that excludes a nail. pes length without claw hind foot length without nail A length measurement of a hind foot that excludes a nail. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to an intertragus insicusure of an ear. ear length ear notch ear length to notch The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to an intertragus insicusure of an ear. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a line of a femur from a medial condyle of a femur to a greater trochanter of a femur. femur greatest length femur length femur length from greater trochanter to medial condyle The length of a line of a femur from a medial condyle of a femur to a greater trochanter of a femur. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a line of a femur from a medial condyle of a femur to a head of a femur. femur length femur length from caput to medial condyle The length of a line of a femur from a medial condyle of a femur to a head of a femur. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a line of a trochlea of a humerus to a proximal head of a humerus. humerus length humerus length to caput humerus length from trochlea to caput The length of a line of a trochlea of a humerus to a proximal head of a humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a line of a trochlea of a humerus to a ventral tubercle of a humerus. humerus greatest length humerus length humerus length from trochlea to greater tubercle humerus length from trochlea to ventral tubercle The length of a line of a trochlea of a humerus to a ventral tubercle of a humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 OBSOLETE Medial-lateral width of the distal end of an astragalus. astragalus greatest breadth distal talus distal width ML talus head width Redundant with FOVT:0000017 astragalus head breadth obsolete talus distal articular breadth true OBSOLETE Length between the proximal-most points of the medial and lateral trochlear ridges of an astragalus. breadth of the trochlea breadth of the trochlea of talus This is not a measurement FOVT has a need for. obsolete width of the trochlea of talus true The length of the lateral side of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). astragalus length lateral talus lateral length The length of the lateral side of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). ISBN: 9780873659505 OBSOLETE The depth of the medial ridge of a trochlea of an astragalus along the anterior-posterior axis. astragalus medial depth astragalus medial width AP talus medial width AP duplicate term obsolete talus medial depth true OBSOLETE Length of the lateral side of an astragalus. Redundant term obsolete length of the lateral side of talus true The length of the medial side of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). astragalus medial length talus medial length The length of the medial side of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a line between the medial-most point on the articular surface for the calcaneum on the astragalus to the lateral-most point of the trochleated head of an astragalus. astragalus distal articular breadth (non-plantigrade) astragalus distal articular width ML (non-plantigrade) length of line between the medial-most point of the articular surface for the calcaneum on the talus to the lateral-most point of the trochleated head on talus talus anterior articular breadth (plantigrade) talus anterior articular width ML (plantigrade) talus distal articular width ML (non-plantigrade) talus distal articular breadth (non-plantigrade) The length of a line between the medial-most point on the articular surface for the calcaneum on the astragalus to the lateral-most point of the trochleated head of an astragalus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 Length of the distal end of an astragalus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). astragalus distal articular depth (non-plantigrade) astragalus distal articular width AP (non-plantigrade) length of line connecting the posterior-most point ot the anterior-most point of the trochleated head on talus talus anterior articular depth (plantigrade) talus anterior articular width PD (plantigrade) talus distal articular width AP (non-plantigrade) talus distal articular depth (non-plantigrade) Length of the distal end of an astragalus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). astragulus length talus height some 'Artiodactyla' talus length The length of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9780873659505 talus height von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The width of a talus along the medial-lateral axis. astragalus breadth astragalus width ML talus width ML talus breadth The width of a talus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The maximal length of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). calcaneus length The maximal length of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a caclcaneus along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end (non-plantigrade) or anterior end (plantigrade). calcaneus anterior breadth (plantigrade) calcaneus anterior width ML (plantigrade) calcaneus distal width ML (non-plantigrade) calcaneus distal breadth (non-plantigrade) The width of a caclcaneus along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end (non-plantigrade) or anterior end (plantigrade). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a tibia on the lateral side of a tibia along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). tibia lateral length The length of a tibia on the lateral side of a tibia along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of shaft or diaphysis of a tibia. tibia width tibia diaphysis width The width of shaft or diaphysis of a tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the proximal end of a tibia. breadth of proximal end of tibia tibia proximal width The width of the proximal end of a tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the distal end of a tibia. breadth of distal end of tibia tibia distal width The width of the distal end of a tibia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The depth of the distal end of a tibia. tibia distal width ML duplicate term obsolete tibia distal breadth true The length of a tooth row. tooth row length The length of a tooth row. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 Body length measured from tip of nose to cloaca. head-body length snout-vent length Body length measured from tip of nose to cloaca. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to a tragus of an ear. This measurement is often taken in bats. 2021-01-26T21:39:38Z ear length to tragus The length of a line of an ear from a helix of the outer ear to a tragus of an ear. This measurement is often taken in bats. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of a tibia at the distal end along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-05T00:08:49Z tibia distal width ML tibia distal breadth The width of a tibia at the distal end along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a tibia at the distal end along the anterior-posterior axis (in animals) or proximal-distal axis (in humans). 2021-02-05T00:09:47Z tibia distal width AP some 'Equide' some 'Lagomorpha' tibia distal depth The width of a tibia at the distal end along the anterior-posterior axis (in animals) or proximal-distal axis (in humans). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a tibia at the proximal end along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-05T00:10:13Z tibia proximal width ML tibia proximal breadth The width of a tibia at the proximal end along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a tibia at the proximal end along the anterior-posterior axis (in animals) or proximal-distal axis (in humans). 2021-02-05T00:10:31Z tibia proximal width AP tibia proximal depth The width of a tibia at the proximal end along the anterior-posterior axis (in animals) or proximal-distal axis (in humans). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50198/ The width of a shaft or diaphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-05T00:16:17Z tibia diaphysis width ML tibia diaphysis breadth The width of a shaft or diaphysis of a tibia along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a shaft or diaphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis (in animals) or proximal-distal axis (in humans). 2021-02-05T00:16:59Z tibia diaphysis width AP tibia diaphysis depth The width of a shaft or diaphysis of a tibia along the anterior-posterior axis (in animals) or proximal-distal axis (in humans). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a tibia on the medial side along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). 2021-02-10T21:45:47Z tibia medial length The length of a tibia on the medial side along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 OBSOLETE The greatest length of a tibia from the proximal-most point of a tibia to the distal-most point of a tibia. 2021-02-10T21:53:59Z duplicate of a term in OBA obsolete tibia greatest length true OBSOLETE The greatest length of a tibia from the proximal-most point of a tibia to the distal-most point of a tibia. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The circumference of the diaphysis of a tibia. 2021-02-10T21:58:04Z tibia diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a tibia. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the proximal end of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T22:28:39Z femur proximal width ML femur proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the trochanter of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T22:32:15Z femur trochanter width ML femur trochanter breadth The width of the trochanter of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the caput of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T22:33:22Z femur caput width AP femur caput depth The width of the caput of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T22:35:17Z femur diaphysis width ML femur diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a femur. 2021-02-10T22:36:50Z femur diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a femur. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T22:37:49Z femur distal width ML femur distal breadth The width of the distal end of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the proximal end of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T22:44:52Z femur proximal width AP femur proximal depth The width of the proximal end of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T22:46:33Z femur distal width AP femur distal depth The width of the distal end of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 femur distal width AP Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. The width of the trochlea of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T22:47:31Z femur trochlea width ML femur trochlea breadth The width of the trochlea of a femur along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T22:52:48Z femur diaphysis width AP femur diaphysis depth The width of the diaphysis of a femur along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T22:56:30Z humerus diaphysis width ML humerus diaphysis breadth The width of the diaphysis of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x The width of the proximal end of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. Canidae Lagomorpha 2021-02-10T22:57:22Z humerus proximal width ML humerus proximal breadth The width of the proximal end of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the trochlea of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T23:01:47Z humerus trochlea width ML Equidae Ruminantia humerus trochlea breadth The width of the trochlea of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x The width of the distal end of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T23:02:42Z humerus distal width AP humerus distal depth The width of the distal end of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the proximal end of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T23:04:06Z humerus proximal width AP Canidae Lagomorpha humerus proximal depth The width of the proximal end of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the distal end of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T23:05:13Z humerus distal width ML humerus distal breadth The width of the distal end of a humerus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the diaphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-02-10T23:06:16Z humerus diaphysis width AP humerus diaphysis depth The width of the diaphysis of a humerus along the anterior-posterior axis. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00098.x The width of a talus. 2021-02-10T23:12:24Z astragalus width talus width The width of a talus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the lateral side of a talus along the anterior-posterior axis ( non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). 2021-02-10T23:16:34Z astragalus lateral depth astragalus lateral width AP (non-plantigrade) talus lateral width AP (non-plantigrade) talus lateral width PD (plantigrade) talus lateral depth The width of the lateral side of a talus along the anterior-posterior axis ( non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the medial side of a talus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). 2021-02-10T23:17:22Z astragalus medial depth astragalus medial width AP (non-plantigrade) talus medial width AP (non-plantigrade) talus medial width PD (plantigrade) talus medial depth The width of the medial side of a talus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the distal end (non-plantigrade) or anterior end (plantigrade) of a talus along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T23:20:39Z astragalus distal width ML (non-plantigrade) astralagalus distal breadth (non-plantigrade) talus anterior breadth (plantigrade) talus anterior width ML (plantigrade) talus distal width ML (non-plantigrade) talus distal breadth (non-plantigrade) The width of the distal end (non-plantigrade) or anterior end (plantigrade) of a talus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of the trochlea tali of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). 2021-02-10T23:25:15Z trochlea tali length The length of the trochlea tali of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (in animals) or anterior-posterior axis (in humans). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the trochlea of a talus along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-02-10T23:28:01Z astragalus trochlea breadth astragalus trochlea width ML talus trochlea width ML talus trochlea breadth The width of the trochlea of a talus along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 astragalus trochlea breadth Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or posterior end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). 2021-02-10T23:31:00Z calcaneus posterior length (plantigrade) calcaneus proximal length (non-plantigrade) The length of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or posterior end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the distal end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior end along the proximal-distal axis (plantigrade) 2021-02-10T23:32:25Z calcaneus anterior depth (plantigrade) calcaneus anterior width PD (plantigrade) calcaneus distal width AP (non-plantigrade) calcaneus distal depth (non-plantigrade) The width of the distal end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior end along the proximal-distal axis (plantigrade) ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The mass of a multicellur organism after removing internal organs. 2021-05-10T22:50:17Z gutted body mass The mass of a multicellur organism after removing internal organs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of a multicellular organism after being skinned. 2021-05-10T22:52:04Z skinned body mass The mass of a multicellular organism after being skinned. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of a multicellur organism skeletal elements (i.e., bones) without skin, internal organs, or other soft tissue. 2021-05-10T22:52:36Z 'bone mass' skeletal body mass The mass of a multicellur organism skeletal elements (i.e., bones) without skin, internal organs, or other soft tissue. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The mass of a mutlicellular organism after being both gutted (i.e., internal organs removed) and skinned. 2021-05-10T22:53:18Z gutted and skinned body mass The mass of a mutlicellular organism after being both gutted (i.e., internal organs removed) and skinned. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 2021-05-10T23:15:37Z The length of a testis. testis length The length of a testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 2021-05-10T23:16:25Z The length of the right testis. right testis length The length of the right testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 2021-05-10T23:18:15Z The length of the left testis. left testis length The length of the left testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 2021-05-10T23:18:51Z The length of a gonad. gonad length The length of a gonad. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 Length of the lateral side of a humerus from lateral tuberosity to lateral border of the trochlea. 2021-05-10T23:37:19Z humerus lateral length Length of the lateral side of a humerus from lateral tuberosity to lateral border of the trochlea. ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of an ovary. 2021-05-17T20:08:12Z ovary length The length of an ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an ovary on the right side. 2021-05-17T20:10:16Z right ovary length The length of an ovary on the right side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of an ovary on the left side. 2021-05-17T20:10:46Z left ovary length The length of an ovary on the left side. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length along the anterior-posterior axis of the anterior tibial tuberosity (fossa digitalis). 2021-05-17T20:18:01Z fossa digitalis length anterior tibial tuberosity length The length along the anterior-posterior axis of the anterior tibial tuberosity (fossa digitalis). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length along the medial-lateral axis of the caput of the humerus. 2021-05-18T19:52:02Z humerus proximal depth at median tubercle The length along the medial-lateral axis of the caput of the humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 Length along the proximal-distal axis of the trochlear sulcus of a humerus. 2021-05-18T19:55:10Z minimal humerus trochlear height humerus trochlear sulcus height Length along the proximal-distal axis of the trochlear sulcus of a humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 Length along the proximal-distal axis of the distal medial trochlea of a humerus. 2021-05-18T19:56:56Z maximal humerus trochlear height humerus medial trochlear height Length along the proximal-distal axis of the distal medial trochlea of a humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 Length along the proximal-distal axis of the sagittal crest of a trochlea of a humerus. 2021-05-18T20:00:02Z humerus trochlear height at sagittal crest Length along the proximal-distal axis of the sagittal crest of a trochlea of a humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length along the anterior-posterior axis of a femur connecting the caput of a femur to the lateral condyle of a femur. 2021-05-19T01:36:28Z femur lateral length femur length from caput to lateral condyle The length along the anterior-posterior axis of a femur connecting the caput of a femur to the lateral condyle of a femur. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length along the proximal-distal axis of an olecranon of an ulna. 2021-05-19T23:33:50Z olecranon length The length along the proximal-distal axis of an olecranon of an ulna. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the facet for the humeral head of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-05-19T23:57:14Z ulna facies articularis proximalis breadth ulna coronoid process breadth ulna coronoid process width ML ulna proximal articula width ML ulna proximal articular breadth The width of the facet for the humeral head of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 2021-05-20T00:00:24Z ulna width ulna width https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of an olecranon of a radius along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-05-20T00:02:15Z olecranon width AP olecranon depth The width of an olecranon of a radius along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length along the proximal-distal axis on the lateral side of an ulna. 2021-05-20T00:04:26Z ulna lateral length The length along the proximal-distal axis on the lateral side of an ulna. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the proximal-most part of the facet that articulates with the humeral head on an ulna. 2021-05-20T00:05:42Z ulna width AP across the process anaconaeus ulna depth across the process anaconaeus The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the proximal-most part of the facet that articulates with the humeral head on an ulna. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length along the midline of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade) from the groove for a flexor hallucis longus tendon of a talus to a head of a talus. 2021-05-24T20:26:44Z length of astragalus along the midline length of talus along the midline The length along the midline of a talus along the proximal-distal axis (non-plantigrade) or anterior-posterior axis (plantigrade) from the groove for a flexor hallucis longus tendon of a talus to a head of a talus. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-006-0240-8 The width of a calcaneal body along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-05-24T21:22:09Z calcaneus minimal breadth width ML of calcaneal body breadth of calcaneal body The width of a calcaneal body along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50198/ calcaneus minimal breadth ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of a calcaneus. 2021-05-24T21:26:12Z calcaneus width The width of a calcaneus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal (non-plantigrade) or posterior (plantigrade) end of a calcaneus. 2021-05-24T21:29:06Z calcaneus maximal breadth calcaneus posterior breadth (plantigrade) calcaneus posterior width ML (plantigrade) calcaneus proximal width ML (non-plantigrade) calcaneus proximal breadth (non-plantigrade) The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal (non-plantigrade) or posterior (plantigrade) end of a calcaneus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus maximal breadth ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The with of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or of the posterior end of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). 2021-05-24T21:32:39Z calcaneus maximal depth calcaneus posterior depth (plantigrade) calcaneus posterior with PD (plantigrade) calcaneus proximal width AP (non-plantigrade) calcaneus proximal depth (non-plantigrade) The with of the proximal end of a calcaneus along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or of the posterior end of a calcaneus along the proximal-distal axis (plantigrade). ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 calcaneus maximal depth Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. The width along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade) of a calcaneal body. 2021-05-24T21:35:37Z width AP of calcaneal body (non-plantigrade) width PD of calcanedal body (plantigrade) depth of calcaneal body The width along the anterior-posterior axis (non-plantigrade) or proximal-distal axis (plantigrade) of a calcaneal body. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50198/ The length of the medial side of a radius along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-02T23:33:11Z radius medial length The length of the medial side of a radius along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of the lateral side of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:34:54Z radius lateral length The length of the lateral side of a radius. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the diaphysis of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:36:38Z radius diaphysis breadth The width along the medial-lateral axis of the diaphysis of a radius. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the diaphysis of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:39:12Z radius diaphysis depth The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the diaphysis of a radius. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with the humerus. 2021-06-02T23:40:22Z radius facies articularis proximalis breadth some 'Equidae' some 'Ruminantia' radius proximal articular breadth The width along the medial-lateral axis of the articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with the humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with a humerus. 2021-06-02T23:42:36Z radius proximal articular depth The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the articular surface on the proximal end of a radius that interacts with a humerus. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the proximal end of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:43:56Z radius proximal breadth The width along the medial-lateral axis of the proximal end of a radius. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:45:18Z radius facies articularis distalis breadth some 'Equidae' some 'Ruminantia' radius distal articular breadth The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end of a radius. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the articular surface on the distal end of a radius that interacts with the carpals. 2021-06-02T23:48:26Z radius distal articular depth The width along the anterior-posterior axis of the articular surface on the distal end of a radius that interacts with the carpals. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:50:24Z radius distal breadth The width along the medial-lateral axis of the distal end of a radius. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length from the proximal articular surface to the distal articular surface of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:52:19Z radius length from the proximal articular surface to the distal articular surface The length from the proximal articular surface to the distal articular surface of a radius. ISBN: 9780873659505 The circumference of the diaphysis of a radius. 2021-06-02T23:53:37Z radius diaphysis circumference The circumference of the diaphysis of a radius. ISBN: 9780873659505 already in OBA DEPRECATED metatarsal bone length true OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:41:34Z already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 2 length true OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 2 along the proximal-distal axis. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:44:56Z class already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 3 length true OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 along the proximal-distal axis. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:46:16Z class already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 4 length true OBSOLETE The length of the metatarsal bone of digit 4 along the proximal-distal axis. Eisenmann, Véra, and V. Eisenmann Michael O. Woodburne PY. Studying Fossil Horses: Collected Papers After the New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981. Vol. 1. Brill Archive, 1988. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T22:50:27Z class already exists obsolete metatarsal bone of digit 5 length true OBSOLETE The length of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 along the proximal-distal axis. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The length of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-06-03T23:03:13Z fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 length The length of a fused metatarsal bones 3 and 4 along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone. 2021-06-09T23:21:07Z length of metapodial bone metapodial bone length The length of a metapodial bone. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 2. 2021-06-09T23:23:45Z length of metapodial bone of digit 2 metapodial bone of digit 2 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 2. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of fused metapodial bones 3 and 4. 2021-06-09T23:39:00Z length of fused metapodial bones 3 and 4 fused metapodial bones 3 and 4 length The length of fused metapodial bones 3 and 4. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 4. 2021-06-09T23:42:17Z length of metapodial bone of digit 4 metapodial bone of digit 4 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 4. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 5. 2021-06-09T23:45:03Z length of metapodial bone of digit 5 metapodial bone of digit 5 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 5. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of a metapodial bone of digit 3. 2021-06-09T23:47:16Z length of metapodial bone of digit 3. metapodial bone of digit 3 length The length of a metapodial bone of digit 3. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a radius. 2021-06-17T00:51:35Z Width of radius bone. radius width The width of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the distal end of a radius. 2021-06-17T00:53:05Z radius distal width The width of the distal end of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the proximal end of a radius. 2021-06-17T00:54:08Z radius proximal width The width of the proximal end of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the arcitular surface that articulates with the humerus located on the proximal end of a radius. 2021-06-17T00:57:18Z radius proximal articular width The width of the arcitular surface that articulates with the humerus located on the proximal end of a radius. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The length of a fibula along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-07-22T21:20:50Z length of fibula Already exists in OBA. obsolete fibula length true OBSOLETE The length of a fibula along the proximal-distal axis. von den Driesch, Angela. A guide to the measurement of animal bones from archaeological sites: as developed by the Institut für Palaeoanatomie, Domestikationsforschung und Geschichte der Tiermedizin of the University of Munich . Vol. 1. Peabody Museum Press, 1976. The length of the dorsal side of a scapula along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-07-23T18:37:56Z scapula dorsal length The length of the dorsal side of a scapula along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 Length of a scpular spine along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-07-23T19:17:25Z length of scapular spine scapula spine length Length of a scpular spine along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a scapular neck along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-07-23T19:28:14Z breadth of scapula neck scapula neck width ML scapula neck breadth The width of a scapular neck along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The length of the glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-07-23T21:33:08Z length of glenoid process glenoid cavity length The length of the glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of the glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-07-23T21:36:30Z breadth of glenoid cavity glenoid cavity breadth The width of the glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 The depth of a scapula along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-07-23T21:40:46Z depth of scapula scapula depth The depth of a scapula along the anterior-posterior axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the diaphysis of a radius. 2021-07-27T23:38:42Z radius diaphysis width The width of the diaphysis of a radius. ORCID: 0000-0003-2699-3066 Mass of the viscera (internal organs). 2021-07-27T23:56:39Z viscera mass Mass of the viscera (internal organs). ORCID: 0000-0003-2699-3066 OBSOLETE The mass of the skin of an organism. 2021-07-27T23:59:50Z Term already exists. obsolete skin mass true OBSOLETE The mass of the skin of an organism. ORCID: 0000-0003-2699-3066 The width of the radial condyle (styloid notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-08-03T20:33:02Z radial condyle breadth The width of the radial condyle (styloid notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The width of the ulnar codyle (ulnar notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-08-03T20:36:43Z ulnar condyle breadth The width of the ulnar codyle (ulnar notch) of a radius along the medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 The length of a patella along the proximal-distal axis. 2021-08-04T00:39:28Z length of patella patella length The length of a patella along the proximal-distal axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The width of a patella along th medial-lateral axis. 2021-08-04T00:41:17Z patella width ML patella breadth The width of a patella along th medial-lateral axis. ISBN: 9780873659505 The length along the anterior-posterior axis on the lateral edge of a scapula. 2021-08-12T16:57:17Z scapula lateral depth The length along the anterior-posterior axis on the lateral edge of a scapula. ISBN: 9004086161, 9789004086166 ISBN: 9780873659505 2021-10-06T17:55:21Z The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. molar tooth 1 length ML molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a upper molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T17:58:27Z upper molar tooth 1 length ML upper molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a upper molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:01:37Z lower molar tooth 1 length ML lower molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:03:06Z upper secondary molar tooth 1 length ML upper secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:04:52Z upper primary molar tooth 1 length ML upper primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:06:32Z lower secondary molar tooth 1 length ML lower secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:08:38Z lower primary molar tooth 1 length ML lower primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:09:53Z molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:17:47Z upper molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of lower molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:21:46Z lower molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of lower molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:23:26Z upper secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:24:48Z upper primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:26:08Z lower secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:27:20Z lower primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower primary molar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:28:37Z molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:30:15Z upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:31:30Z lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:32:57Z upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:34:29Z upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML upper primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:35:47Z lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:37:05Z lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length ML lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface a molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:38:13Z molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface a molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:39:27Z upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:40:48Z lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:42:05Z upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:43:26Z upper primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP upper primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:44:30Z lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:45:41Z lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length AP lower primary molar tooth 2 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary molar tooth 2 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:47:22Z molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:49:08Z upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:50:18Z lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:51:20Z upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 not a tooth DEPRECATED upper primary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width true The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T18:55:14Z lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal length ML lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:56:30Z molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:57:42Z upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP upper molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T18:59:02Z lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP lower molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:00:02Z upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:01:18Z lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 3 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 3 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:03:20Z molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral surface. 2021-10-06T19:08:31Z upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:10:10Z lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:11:15Z upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondry molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:12:12Z lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondry molar tooth 4 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:13:44Z molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:14:40Z upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP upper molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:15:46Z lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP lower molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:16:45Z upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-06T19:17:44Z lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length AP lower secondary molar tooth 4 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary molar tooth 4 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:23:45Z premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:25:19Z upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:26:31Z lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal suface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:28:11Z upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface or an upper primary premolar 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-06T19:29:34Z upper primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML upper primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface or an upper primary premolar 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-07T22:12:42Z lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. 2021-10-07T22:14:41Z lower primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length ML lower primary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface width The length of the occlusal surface of a lower primary premolar tooth 1 along the medial-lateral axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-07T22:19:59Z premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-07T22:21:59Z upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-07T22:23:35Z lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP lower premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-07T22:27:43Z upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length AP upper secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of an upper secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. 2021-10-07T22:31:35Z lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal tooth length AP lower secondary premolar tooth 1 occlusal surface length The length of the occlusal surface of a lower secondary premolar tooth 1 along the anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-3066 <