--- name: clerk-nextjs-patterns description: Advanced Next.js patterns - middleware, Server Actions, caching with Clerk. license: MIT allowed-tools: WebFetch compatibility: Requires NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY and CLERK_SECRET_KEY. For manual JWT verification (standalone API servers without Clerk middleware), additionally requires CLERK_JWT_KEY or CLERK_PEM_PUBLIC_KEY. metadata: author: clerk version: 2.2.0 --- # Next.js Patterns > **Version**: Check `package.json` for the SDK version — see `clerk` skill for the version table. Core 2 differences are noted inline with `> **Core 2 ONLY (skip if current SDK):**` callouts. For basic setup, see `clerk-setup` skill. ## What Do You Need? | Task | Reference | |------|-----------| | Server vs client auth (`auth()` vs hooks) | references/server-vs-client.md | | Configure middleware (public-first vs protected-first) | references/middleware-strategies.md | | Protect Server Actions | references/server-actions.md | | API route auth (401 vs 403) | references/api-routes.md | | Cache auth data (user-scoped caching) | references/caching-auth.md | ## References | Reference | Description | |-----------|-------------| | `references/server-vs-client.md` | `await auth()` vs hooks | | `references/middleware-strategies.md` | Public-first vs protected-first, `proxy.ts` (Next.js <=15: `middleware.ts`) | | `references/server-actions.md` | Protect mutations | | `references/api-routes.md` | 401 vs 403 | | `references/caching-auth.md` | User-scoped caching | ## Mental Model Server vs Client = different auth APIs: - **Server**: `await auth()` from `@clerk/nextjs/server` (async!) - **Client**: `useAuth()` hook from `@clerk/nextjs` (sync) Never mix them. Server Components use server imports, Client Components use hooks. Key properties from `auth()`: - `isAuthenticated` — boolean, replaces the `!!userId` pattern - `sessionStatus` — `'active'` | `'pending'`, for detecting incomplete session tasks - `userId`, `orgId`, `orgSlug`, `has()`, `protect()` — unchanged > **Core 2 ONLY (skip if current SDK):** `isAuthenticated` and `sessionStatus` are not available. Check `!!userId` instead. ## Minimal Pattern ```typescript // Server Component import { auth } from '@clerk/nextjs/server' export default async function Page() { const { isAuthenticated, userId } = await auth() // MUST await! if (!isAuthenticated) return
Not signed in
returnHello {userId}
} ``` > **Core 2 ONLY (skip if current SDK):** `isAuthenticated` is not available. Use `if (!userId)` instead. ### Conditional Rendering with `Not authenticated
const res = await fetch('https://api.example.com/graphql', { headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }, }) const data = await res.json() return{JSON.stringify(data)}
}
```
**Client-side (Client Component)**:
```typescript
'use client'
import { useAuth } from '@clerk/nextjs'
export function DataFetcher() {
const { getToken } = useAuth()
async function fetchData() {
const token = await getToken({ template: 'supabase' })
if (!token) return
const res = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data', {
headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
})
return res.json()
}
return
}
```
`getToken()` returns `null` when the user is not authenticated — always null-check before use.
### useSession() for session data
Access session metadata in client components:
```typescript
'use client'
import { useSession } from '@clerk/nextjs'
export function SessionInfo() {
const { session } = useSession()
if (!session) return null
return (
Session {session.id} — last active: {session.lastActiveAt.toISOString()}
) } ``` ### Manual JWT verification (no Clerk middleware) For standalone API servers that receive Clerk session tokens from the `Authorization` header or the `__session` cookie (same-origin). **Using `@clerk/backend` `verifyToken`** (recommended): ```typescript import { verifyToken } from '@clerk/backend' const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '') if (!token) return res.status(401).json({ error: 'No token' }) try { const claims = await verifyToken(token, { jwtKey: process.env.CLERK_JWT_KEY, }) // claims.sub = userId } catch { return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' }) } ``` **Using `jsonwebtoken`** (when you can't use `@clerk/backend`): ```typescript import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken' const publicKey = process.env.CLERK_PEM_PUBLIC_KEY!.replace(/\\n/g, '\n') const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '') if (!token) return res.status(401).json({ error: 'No token' }) try { const claims = jwt.verify(token, publicKey, { algorithms: ['RS256'] }) as jwt.JwtPayload // Manually check exp and nbf (jsonwebtoken does this automatically, but verify azp if needed) // claims.sub = userId } catch { return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid or expired token' }) } ``` Token sources: - **Same-origin requests**: `__session` cookie (Clerk sets this automatically) - **Cross-origin / mobile / API-to-API**: `Authorization: Bearer