@prefix h: <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfh#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .

#################################################################
# Ontology Header
#################################################################

<http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfh#> a owl:Ontology ;
    rdfs:label "RDF-H - A Holonic Modeling Pattern Vocabulary"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This vocabulary defines the core classes, properties, and SHACL constraint components for representing and validating holarchic structures in RDF."@en ;
    owl:versionIRI <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfh#1.0> ;
    dct:creator [
        a foaf:Person ;
        foaf:name "Stephane Fellah" ;
        foaf:workplaceHomepage <https://geoknoesis.com>
    ] .

#################################################################
# Core Classes
#################################################################

h:Holon a rdfs:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource ;
    rdfs:label "Holon"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A resource that acts as a context for other relationships, representing a 'whole' composed of 'parts'."@en .

#################################################################
# Core Holon Property
#################################################################

h:inHolon a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "in holon"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An object property that links a reified triple (a relationship) to the holon it is a constituent part of."@en ;
    rdfs:domain rdf:Statement ;
    rdfs:range h:Holon .

#################################################################
# Part-Of Hierarchy
#################################################################

# Top-Level Part-Of Properties
h:partOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "part of"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The top-level, transitive super-property for all part-whole relations."@en .

h:hasPart a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has part"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The top-level, transitive super-property for all whole-part relations."@en ;
    owl:inverseOf h:partOf .

# Sub-Property: Component
h:componentOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "component of"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A non-transitive sub-property of h:partOf for functional or structural parts."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:partOf .

h:hasComponent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has component"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The inverse of h:componentOf."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:hasPart ;
    owl:inverseOf h:componentOf .

# Sub-Property: Member
h:memberOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "member of"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A non-transitive sub-property of h:partOf for elements in a collection or group."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:partOf .

h:hasMember a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has member"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The inverse of h:memberOf."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:hasPart ;
    owl:inverseOf h:memberOf .

# Sub-Property: Substance
h:substanceOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "substance of"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A transitive sub-property of h:partOf for material composition."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:partOf .

h:hasSubstance a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has substance"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The inverse of h:substanceOf."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:hasPart ;
    owl:inverseOf h:substanceOf .

# Sub-Property: Portion
h:portionOf a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "portion of"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A transitive sub-property of h:partOf for segments of a continuous whole."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:partOf .

h:hasPortion a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has portion"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The inverse of h:portionOf."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf h:hasPart ;
    owl:inverseOf h:portionOf .

#################################################################
# SHACL Constraint Components
#################################################################

h:AcyclicPartConstraintComponent a sh:ConstraintComponent ;
    rdfs:label "Acyclic Part Constraint Component"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Validates that a holon is not part of a cycle in the part-of hierarchy."@en ;
    sh:validator h:AcyclicPartValidator .

h:AcyclicPartValidator a sh:SPARQLValidator ;
    sh:message "The focus node participates in a part-of cycle."@en ;
    sh:select """
        PREFIX h: <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfh#>
        SELECT $this
        WHERE {
            $this h:partOf+ $this .
        }
    """ .

h:HolonIntegrityConstraintComponent a sh:ConstraintComponent ;
    rdfs:label "Holon Integrity Constraint Component"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Validates that a resource used as a holon is explicitly typed as h:Holon."@en ;
    sh:validator h:HolonIntegrityValidator .

h:HolonIntegrityValidator a sh:SPARQLValidator ;
    sh:message "The focus node is used as a holon (object of h:inHolon) but is not typed as h:Holon."@en ;
    sh:select """
        PREFIX h: <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfh#>
        SELECT $this
        WHERE {
            ?s h:inHolon $this .
            FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this a h:Holon . }
        }
    """ .