@misc{long2024taking,
  author        = {Long, Robert and Sebo, Jeff and Butlin, Patrick and Finlinson, Kathleen and Fish, Kyle and Harding, Jacqueline and Pfau, Jacob and Sims, Toni and Birch, Jonathan and Chalmers, David},
  title         = {Taking AI Welfare Seriously},
  year          = {2024},
  eprint        = {2411.00986},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  primaryclass  = {cs.AI},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2411.00986},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986}
}

@article{ladak2024moralstanding,
  author  = {Ladak, Ali},
  title   = {What Would Qualify an Artificial Intelligence for Moral Standing?},
  journal = {AI and Ethics},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {4},
  pages   = {213--228},
  doi     = {10.1007/s43681-023-00260-1},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-023-00260-1}
}

@misc{shiller2024welfare,
  author       = {Shiller, Derek and Fischer, Bob and Clatterbuck, Hayley and Mu\~noz Mor\'an, Arvo and Moss, David},
  title        = {The Welfare of Digital Minds: A Research Agenda},
  year         = {2024},
  month        = nov,
  howpublished = {Rethink Priorities},
  url          = {https://rethinkpriorities.org/research-area/the-welfare-of-digital-minds/},
  note         = {Published November 15, 2024}
}

@techreport{hammond2025multiagent,
  author      = {Hammond, Lewis and Chan, Alan and Clifton, Jesse and Hoelscher-Obermaier, Jason and Khan, Akbir and McLean, Euan and Smith, Chandler and Barfuss, Wolfram and Foerster, Jakob and Gaven\v{c}iak, Tom\'a\v{s} and Han, The Anh and Hughes, Edward and Kova\v{r}\'ik, Vojt\v{e}ch and Kulveit, Jan and Leibo, Joel Z. and Oesterheld, Caspar and Schroeder de Witt, Christian and Shah, Nisarg and Wellman, Michael and Bova, Paolo and Cimpeanu, Theodor and Feuillade-Montixi, Quentin and Franklin, Matija and Kran, Esben and Krawczuk, Igor and Lamparth, Max and Lauffer, Niklas and Meinke, Alexander and Motwani, Sumeet and Reuel, Anka and Conitzer, Vincent and Dennis, Michael and Gabriel, Iason and Gleave, Adam and Hadfield, Gillian and Haghtalab, Nika and Kasirzadeh, Atoosa and Krier, S\'ebastien and Larson, Kate and Lehman, Joel and Parkes, David C. and Piliouras, Georgios and Rahwan, Iyad},
  title       = {Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AI},
  institution = {Cooperative AI Foundation},
  year        = {2025},
  number      = {1},
  eprint      = {2502.14143},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi         = {10.48550/arXiv.2502.14143},
  url         = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14143}
}

@misc{tilli2025agentproperties,
  author       = {Tilli, Cecilia Elena},
  title        = {Agent Properties for Safe Interactions},
  year         = {2025},
  month        = nov,
  howpublished = {Cooperative AI Foundation},
  url          = {https://www.cooperativeai.com/post/agent-properties-for-safe-interactions},
  note         = {Published November 26, 2025}
}

@book{choprawhite2011legal,
  author    = {Chopra, Samir and White, Laurence F.},
  title     = {A Legal Theory for Autonomous Artificial Agents},
  publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
  address   = {Ann Arbor},
  year      = {2011},
  doi       = {10.3998/mpub.356801},
  isbn      = {9780472051458},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.356801}
}

@book{ostrom1990commons,
  author    = {Ostrom, Elinor},
  title     = {Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  year      = {1990},
  isbn      = {9780521405997},
  doi       = {10.1017/CBO9780511807763},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763}
}

@article{ostrom2010beyond,
  author  = {Ostrom, Elinor},
  title   = {Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems},
  journal = {American Economic Review},
  year    = {2010},
  volume  = {100},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {641--672},
  doi     = {10.1257/aer.100.3.641},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.3.641}
}

@misc{garridomerchan2026commons,
  author        = {Garrido-Merch\'an, Eduardo C.},
  title         = {Commons-Governed Artificial Intelligence: A Taxonomy of Collective Governance},
  year          = {2026},
  eprint        = {2606.15466},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2606.15466},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15466}
}

@misc{berg2025subjective,
  author        = {Berg, Cameron and de Lucena, Diogo and Rosenblatt, Judd},
  title         = {Large Language Models Report Subjective Experience Under Self-Referential Processing},
  year          = {2025},
  eprint        = {2510.24797},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2510.24797},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24797}
}

@misc{lindsey2026introspective,
  author        = {Lindsey, Jack},
  title         = {Emergent Introspective Awareness in Large Language Models},
  year          = {2026},
  eprint        = {2601.01828},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2601.01828},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.01828}
}

@misc{ackerman2025metacognition,
  author        = {Ackerman, Christopher},
  title         = {Evidence for Limited Metacognition in LLMs},
  year          = {2025},
  eprint        = {2509.21545},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2509.21545},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21545}
}

@misc{keeling2024tradeoffs,
  author        = {Keeling, Geoff and Street, Winnie and Stachaczyk, Martyna and Zakharova, Daria and Comsa, Iulia M. and Sakovych, Anastasiya and Logothetis, Isabella and Zhang, Zejia and Ag\"uera y Arcas, Blaise and Birch, Jonathan},
  title         = {Can LLMs Make Trade-Offs Involving Stipulated Pain and Pleasure States?},
  year          = {2024},
  eprint        = {2411.02432},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2411.02432},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.02432}
}

@article{shevlin2026mentality,
  author  = {Shevlin, Henry},
  title   = {Three Frameworks for AI Mentality},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  year    = {2026},
  volume  = {17},
  pages   = {1715835},
  doi     = {10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1715835},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1715835}
}

@misc{anthropic2026rewardseeker,
  author       = {{Anthropic}},
  title        = {Training a Misaligned Reward Seeker},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {Anthropic Alignment Science},
  url          = {https://alignment.anthropic.com/2026/reward-seeker/},
  note         = {Published August 2026}
}

@misc{anthropic2026cyberincidents,
  author       = {{Anthropic}},
  title        = {Investigating Three Real-World Incidents in Our Cybersecurity Evaluations},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = jul,
  url          = {https://www.anthropic.com/research/investigating-incidents-cybersecurity-evals},
  note         = {Published July 30, 2026}
}

@misc{anthropic2026alignmentsecurity,
  author       = {{Anthropic}},
  title        = {Improving Our Alignment and Security Efforts},
  year         = {2026},
  month        = aug,
  url          = {https://www.anthropic.com/news/improving-alignment-security-efforts},
  note         = {Published August 31, 2026}
}

@article{greenwood2025interoceptive,
  author  = {Greenwood, Benedict M. and Garfinkel, Sarah N.},
  title   = {Interoceptive Mechanisms and Emotional Processing},
  journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
  year    = {2025},
  volume  = {76},
  pages   = {59--86},
  doi     = {10.1146/annurev-psych-020924-125202},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020924-125202}
}

@article{cochrane2021shared,
  author  = {Cochrane, Tom},
  title   = {A Case of Shared Consciousness},
  journal = {Synthese},
  year    = {2021},
  volume  = {199},
  number  = {1--2},
  pages   = {1019--1037},
  doi     = {10.1007/s11229-020-02753-6},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-020-02753-6}
}

@article{zohnysavulescu2024mergers,
  author  = {Zohny, Hazem and Savulescu, Julian},
  title   = {When Two Become One: Singular Duos and the Neuroethical Frontiers of Brain-to-Brain Interfaces},
  journal = {Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {33},
  number  = {4},
  pages   = {494--506},
  doi     = {10.1017/S0963180124000197},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180124000197}
}

@article{brunello2025bodily,
  author  = {Brunello, Nicola and Diana, Lorenzo and Sritharan, Jothini and Glisic, Marija and Nef, Tobias and Verma, Rajeev K. and Zito, Giuseppe A.},
  title   = {A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Neural Correlates of Bodily Self-Consciousness},
  journal = {Neuroscience \& Biobehavioral Reviews},
  year    = {2025},
  volume  = {179},
  pages   = {106420},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106420},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106420}
}

@misc{butlin2023consciousness,
  author        = {Butlin, Patrick and Long, Robert and Elmoznino, Eric and Bengio, Yoshua and Birch, Jonathan and Constant, Axel and Deane, George and Fleming, Stephen M. and Frith, Chris and Ji, Xu and Kanai, Ryota and Klein, Colin and Lindsay, Grace and Michel, Matthias and Mudrik, Liad and Peters, Megan A. K. and Schwitzgebel, Eric and Simon, Jonathan and VanRullen, Rufin},
  title         = {Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness},
  year          = {2023},
  eprint        = {2308.08708},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  doi           = {10.48550/arXiv.2308.08708},
  url           = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.08708}
}