{
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "id": "GHSA-9v8h-qqgm-4m35",
  "modified": "2026-11-03T17:10:27Z",
  "published": "2026-10-22T15:32:49Z",
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-111497"
  ],
  "summary": "Brotli: Out-of-bounds write in the Brotli decoder (\"Node2Shell\") also affects the PyPI Brotli package",
  "details": "A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Brotli decoder (c/dec/decode.c) in Google Brotli versions 1.0.3 through 1.2.0 on all platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt adjacent decoder state memory, disclose sensitive memory contents, cause a denial of service, or potentially execute arbitrary code using a crafted Brotli-compressed stream.\n\nUsers need to update any Brotli libraries or binaries between 1.0.3 through 1.2.0 to the latest available version: 1.0.10 or 1.1.1 or 1.2.1.",
  "severity": [
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V3",
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
    },
    {
      "type": "CVSS_V4",
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
    }
  ],
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "brotli"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM",
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "brotlicffi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM",
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.1.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-111497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/494"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/commit/da9806362874b9bd4b552a3af360b5d6347beb12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/commit/b418fa81c48262a86a95332b0bc6d62c30aa78b6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/commit/50a9b70a4d5e1443fc40927952276b68fffa83a0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/commit/0ed4268a4401abcb4472096340477cf4af7d1a2b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/brotlicffi/PYSEC-2026-4323.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/10/msg00049.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/october-2026-security-releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/october-2026-security-releases#nodejs-brotli-decoder-out-of-bounds-write-permits-remote-code-execution-cve-2026-111497---high"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://opensourcemalware.com/blog/node2shell-affects-python"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchtheplanet.org/brotli"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/Brotli"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/brotlicffi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.aikido.dev/blog/node2shell-nodejs-brotli-rce-cve-2026-111497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-111497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-111497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/brotli/PYSEC-2026-4322.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/releases/tag/v1.2.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/releases/tag/v1.1.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli/releases/tag/v1.0.10"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/google/brotli"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/andybalholm/brotli/releases/tag/v1.2.7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-9v8h-qqgm-4m35"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ellio.tech/en/blog/node2shell-cve-2026-111497-rce-on-stock-nodejs-builds"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-898633.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-443410.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-045512.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://broccoli2shell.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/23/25"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/24/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/26/12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/26/13"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/26/16"
    }
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-252"
    ],
    "severity": "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-23T19:08:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-22T14:17:37Z"
  }
}