{
  "_meta": {
    "title": "GreenCalculus Emission Factor Dataset",
    "description": "Curated emission factors for Scope 1 stationary combustion, Scope 2 electricity, and selected Scope 3 categories. All factors expressed in kg CO2e per unit unless noted.",
    "dataset_version": "2026.1",
    "published": "2026-05-10",
    "gwp_basis": "IPCC AR6 GWP-100",
    "license": "MIT",
    "canonical_url": "https://greencalculus.com/data/emission-factors/",
    "sources": {
      "DESNZ_2024": {
        "name": "UK DESNZ Greenhouse Gas Conversion Factors 2024",
        "publisher": "UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero",
        "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/government-conversion-factors-for-company-reporting",
        "year": 2024
      },
      "EPA_2024": {
        "name": "EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2024",
        "publisher": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
        "url": "https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg-emission-factors-hub",
        "year": 2024
      },
      "IEA_2026": {
        "name": "IEA Global Energy Review 2026",
        "publisher": "International Energy Agency",
        "url": "https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review",
        "year": 2026
      },
      "IPCC_2006": {
        "name": "IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories",
        "publisher": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change",
        "url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/",
        "year": 2006
      }
    }
  },
  "scope1_stationary_combustion": {
    "_notes": "Factors are kg CO2e per litre (liquid fuels), per tonne (solid fuels), or per kWh (gaseous fuels on energy basis). GWP basis: IPCC AR6.",
    "natural_gas": {
      "name": "Natural gas",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh_gcv": 0.18293,
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh_ncv": 0.20268,
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_m3": 2.03042,
      "unit_primary": "kWh (GCV)",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O (fossil GWP)"
    },
    "diesel": {
      "name": "Diesel (average biofuel blend)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_litre": 2.51060,
      "unit_primary": "litre",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "petrol": {
      "name": "Petrol (average biofuel blend)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_litre": 2.15270,
      "unit_primary": "litre",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "lpg": {
      "name": "Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_litre": 1.55540,
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_tonne": 2.93870,
      "unit_primary": "litre",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "coal_industrial": {
      "name": "Coal (industrial)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_tonne": 2405.0,
      "unit_primary": "tonne",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "coal_domestic": {
      "name": "Coal (domestic)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_tonne": 2883.0,
      "unit_primary": "tonne",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "fuel_oil": {
      "name": "Fuel oil (heavy)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_litre": 3.17920,
      "unit_primary": "litre",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "kerosene": {
      "name": "Kerosene (burning oil)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_litre": 2.53980,
      "unit_primary": "litre",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CO2 + CH4 + N2O"
    },
    "wood_chips": {
      "name": "Wood chips (biomass)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_tonne": 22.9,
      "unit_primary": "tonne",
      "source": "DESNZ_2024",
      "includes": "CH4 + N2O only (CO2 biogenic, excluded per GHG Protocol)",
      "notes": "CO2 from biomass combustion excluded per GHG Protocol biogenic carbon rules"
    }
  },
  "scope2_electricity": {
    "_notes": "Location-based grid emission factors. kg CO2e per kWh. Source: IEA 2026 and national regulators.",
    "UK": {
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.20707,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "DESNZ_2024"
    },
    "US_average": {
      "name": "United States (national average)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.38600,
      "year": 2023,
      "source": "EPA_2024"
    },
    "EU_average": {
      "name": "European Union (average)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.23300,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Germany": {
      "name": "Germany",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.38500,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "France": {
      "name": "France",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.05200,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Australia": {
      "name": "Australia (NEM average)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.59000,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "China": {
      "name": "China",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.55100,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "India": {
      "name": "India",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.70800,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Singapore": {
      "name": "Singapore",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.40800,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Malaysia": {
      "name": "Malaysia",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.58500,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Japan": {
      "name": "Japan",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.47000,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "South_Korea": {
      "name": "South Korea",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.43500,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Canada": {
      "name": "Canada (national average)",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.13000,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "Brazil": {
      "name": "Brazil",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.07500,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    },
    "South_Africa": {
      "name": "South Africa",
      "factor_kg_co2e_per_kwh": 0.89100,
      "year": 2024,
      "source": "IEA_2026"
    }
  }
}