#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use Config;
BEGIN {
    my @oldinc = @INC;
    @INC = ( $Config{sitelibexp}."/".$Config{archname}, $Config{sitelibexp}, @Config{qw<vendorlibexp vendorarchexp archlibexp privlibexp>} );
    require Cwd;
    @INC = @oldinc;
}


# This chunk of stuff was generated by App::FatPacker. To find the original
# file's code, look for the end of this BEGIN block or the string 'FATPACK'
BEGIN {
my %fatpacked;

$fatpacked{"App/Perlbrew/Path.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'APP_PERLBREW_PATH';
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  package App::Perlbrew::Path;
  
  require File::Basename;
  require File::Glob;
  require File::Path;
  
  use overload (
  	'""' => \& stringify,
  	fallback => 1,
  );
  
  sub _joinpath {
      for my $entry(@_) {
          no warnings 'uninitialized';
          die 'Received an undefined entry as a parameter (all parameters are: '. join(', ', @_). ')' unless (defined($entry));
      }
      return join "/", @_;
  }
  
  sub _child {
  	my ($self, $package, @path) = @_;
  
  	$package->new ($self->{path}, @path);
  }
  
  sub _children {
  	my ($self, $package) = @_;
  
  	return map $package->new ($_),
  		File::Glob::bsd_glob ($self->child ("*"))
  		;
  }
  
  sub new {
  	my ($class, @path) = @_;
  
  	bless { path => _joinpath (@path) }, $class;
  }
  
  sub basename {
  	my ($self, $suffix) = @_;
  
  	return scalar File::Basename::fileparse ($self, ($suffix) x!! defined $suffix);
  }
  
  sub child {
  	my ($self, @path) = @_;
  
  	return $self->_child (__PACKAGE__, @path);
  }
  
  sub children {
  	my ($self) = @_;
  
  	return $self->_children (__PACKAGE__);
  }
  
  sub dirname {
  	my ($self) = @_;
  
  	return App::Perlbrew::Path->new (File::Basename::dirname ($self));
  }
  
  sub mkpath {
  	my ($self) = @_;
      File::Path::mkpath ([$self->stringify], 0, 0777);
  	return $self;
  }
  
  sub readlink {
  	my ($self) = @_;
  
  	my $link = readlink $self->stringify;
  	$link = __PACKAGE__->new ($link) if defined $link;
  
  	return $link;
  }
  
  sub rmpath {
  	my ($self) = @_;
      File::Path::rmtree([$self->stringify], 0, 0);
  	return $self;
  }
  
  sub stringify {
  	my ($self) = @_;
  
  	return $self->{path};
  }
  
  sub stringify_with_tilde {
      my ($self) = @_;
  	my $path = $self->stringify;
      my $home = $ENV{HOME};
      $path =~ s!\Q$home/\E!~/! if $home;
      return $path;
  }
  
  sub symlink {
  	my ($self, $destination, $force) = @_;
  	$destination = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($destination)
  		unless ref $destination;
  
  	CORE::unlink $destination
  		if $force && (-e $destination || -l $destination);
  
  	$destination if CORE::symlink $self, $destination;
  }
  
  sub unlink {
  	my ($self) = @_;
  
  	CORE::unlink ($self);
  }
  
  1;
  
APP_PERLBREW_PATH

$fatpacked{"App/Perlbrew/Path/Installation.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'APP_PERLBREW_PATH_INSTALLATION';
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  package App::Perlbrew::Path::Installation;
  
  require App::Perlbrew::Path;
  
  our @ISA = qw( App::Perlbrew::Path );
  
  sub name {
  	$_[0]->basename;
  }
  
  sub bin {
  	shift->child (bin => @_);
  }
  
  sub man {
  	shift->child (man => @_);
  }
  
  sub perl {
  	shift->bin ('perl');
  }
  
  sub version_file {
  	shift->child ('.version');
  }
  
  1;
  
APP_PERLBREW_PATH_INSTALLATION

$fatpacked{"App/Perlbrew/Path/Installations.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'APP_PERLBREW_PATH_INSTALLATIONS';
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  package App::Perlbrew::Path::Installations;
  
  require App::Perlbrew::Path;
  require App::Perlbrew::Path::Installation;
  
  our @ISA = qw( App::Perlbrew::Path );
  
  sub child {
  	my ($self, @params) = @_;
  
  	my $return = $self;
  	$return = $return->_child ('App::Perlbrew::Path::Installation' => shift @params) if @params;
  	$return = $return->child (@params) if @params;
  
  	$return;
  }
  
  sub children {
  	shift->_children ('App::Perlbrew::Path::Installation' => @_);
  }
  
  sub list {
  	shift->children;
  }
  
  1;
  
APP_PERLBREW_PATH_INSTALLATIONS

$fatpacked{"App/Perlbrew/Path/Root.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'APP_PERLBREW_PATH_ROOT';
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  package App::Perlbrew::Path::Root;
  
  require App::Perlbrew::Path;
  require App::Perlbrew::Path::Installations;
  
  our @ISA = qw( App::Perlbrew::Path );
  
  sub bin {
  	shift->child (bin => @_);
  }
  
  sub build {
  	shift->child (build => @_);
  }
  
  sub dists {
  	shift->child (dists => @_);
  }
  
  sub etc {
  	shift->child (etc => @_);
  }
  
  sub perls {
  	my ($self, @params) = @_;
  
  	my $return = $self->_child ('App::Perlbrew::Path::Installations', 'perls');
  	$return = $return->child (@params) if @params;
  
  	return $return;
  }
  
  1;
  
APP_PERLBREW_PATH_ROOT

$fatpacked{"App/Perlbrew/Util.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'APP_PERLBREW_UTIL';
  package App::Perlbrew::Util;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  use 5.008;
  
  use Exporter 'import';
  our @EXPORT = qw(uniq min editdist);
  
  sub uniq {
      my %seen;
      grep { !$seen{$_}++ } @_;
  }
  
  sub min(@) {
      my $m = $_[0];
      for(@_) {
          $m = $_ if $_ < $m;
      }
      return $m;
  }
  
  # straight copy of Wikipedia's "Levenshtein Distance"
  sub editdist {
      my @a = split //, shift;
      my @b = split //, shift;
  
      # There is an extra row and column in the matrix. This is the
      # distance from the empty string to a substring of the target.
      my @d;
      $d[$_][0] = $_ for (0 .. @a);
      $d[0][$_] = $_ for (0 .. @b);
  
      for my $i (1 .. @a) {
          for my $j (1 .. @b) {
              $d[$i][$j] = ($a[$i-1] eq $b[$j-1] ? $d[$i-1][$j-1]
                  : 1 + min($d[$i-1][$j], $d[$i][$j-1], $d[$i-1][$j-1]));
          }
      }
  
      return $d[@a][@b];
  }
  
  1;
APP_PERLBREW_UTIL

$fatpacked{"App/perlbrew.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'APP_PERLBREW';
  package App::perlbrew;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  use 5.008;
  our $VERSION = "0.88";
  use Config;
  
  BEGIN {
      # Special treat for Cwd to prevent it to be loaded from somewhere binary-incompatible with system perl.
      my @oldinc = @INC;
  
      @INC = (
          $Config{sitelibexp}."/".$Config{archname},
          $Config{sitelibexp},
          @Config{qw<vendorlibexp vendorarchexp archlibexp privlibexp>},
      );
  
      require Cwd;
      @INC = @oldinc;
  }
  
  use Getopt::Long ();
  use CPAN::Perl::Releases;
  use JSON::PP 'decode_json';
  
  use App::Perlbrew::Util;
  use App::Perlbrew::Path;
  use App::Perlbrew::Path::Root;
  
  ### global variables
  
  # set $ENV{SHELL} to executable path of parent process (= shell) if it's missing
  # (e.g. if this script was executed by a daemon started with "service xxx start")
  # ref: https://github.com/gugod/App-perlbrew/pull/404
  $ENV{SHELL} ||= App::Perlbrew::Path->new ("/proc", getppid, "exe")->readlink if -d "/proc";
  
  local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {
      my $message = shift;
      warn $message;
      exit(1);
  };
  
  our $CONFIG;
  our $PERLBREW_ROOT;
  our $PERLBREW_HOME;
  
  my @flavors = ( { d_option => 'usethreads',
                    implies  => 'multi',
                    common   => 1,
                    opt      => 'thread|threads' }, # threads is for backward compatibility
  
                  { d_option => 'usemultiplicity',
                    opt      => 'multi' },
  
                  { d_option => 'uselongdouble',
                    common   => 1,
                    opt      => 'ld' },
  
                  { d_option => 'use64bitint',
                    common   => 1,
                    opt      => '64int' },
  
                  { d_option => 'use64bitall',
                    implies  => '64int',
                    opt      => '64all' },
  
                  { d_option => 'DEBUGGING',
                    opt      => 'debug' },
  
                  { d_option => 'cc=clang',
                    opt      => 'clang' },
                );
  
  my %flavor;
  my $flavor_ix = 0;
  for (@flavors) {
      my ($name) = $_->{opt} =~ /([^|]+)/;
      $_->{name} = $name;
      $_->{ix} = ++$flavor_ix;
      $flavor{$name} = $_;
  }
  for (@flavors) {
      if (my $implies = $_->{implies}) {
          $flavor{$implies}{implied_by} = $_->{name};
      }
  }
  
  ### functions
  
  sub files_are_the_same {
      ## Check dev and inode num. Not useful on Win32.
      ## The for loop should always return false on Win32, as a result.
  
      my @files = @_;
      my @stats = map {[ stat($_) ]} @files;
  
      my $stats0 = join " ", @{$stats[0]}[0,1];
      for (@stats) {
          return 0 if ((! defined($_->[1])) || $_->[1] == 0);
          unless ($stats0 eq join(" ", $_->[0], $_->[1])) {
              return 0;
          }
      }
      return 1
  }
  
  {
      my %commands = (
          curl => {
              test     => '--version >/dev/null 2>&1',
              get      => '--silent --location --fail -o - {url}',
              download => '--silent --location --fail -o {output} {url}',
              order    => 1,
  
              # Exit code is 22 on 404s etc
              die_on_error => sub { die 'Page not retrieved; HTTP error code 400 or above.' if ($_[ 0 ] >> 8 == 22); },
          },
          wget => {
              test     => '--version >/dev/null 2>&1',
              get      => '--quiet -O - {url}',
              download => '--quiet -O {output} {url}',
              order    => 2,
  
              # Exit code is not 0 on error
              die_on_error => sub { die 'Page not retrieved: fetch failed.' if ($_[ 0 ]); },
          },
          fetch => {
              test     => '--version >/dev/null 2>&1',
              get      => '-o - {url}',
              download => '-o {output} {url}',
              order    => 3,
  
              # Exit code is 8 on 404s etc
              die_on_error => sub { die 'Server issued an error response.' if ($_[ 0 ] >> 8 == 8); },
          }
      );
  
      our $HTTP_USER_AGENT_PROGRAM;
      sub http_user_agent_program {
          $HTTP_USER_AGENT_PROGRAM ||= do {
              my $program;
  
              for my $p (sort {$commands{$a}{order}<=>$commands{$b}{order}} keys %commands) {
                  my $code = system("$p $commands{$p}->{test}") >> 8;
                  if ($code != 127) {
                      $program = $p;
                      last;
                  }
              }
  
              unless ($program) {
                  die "[ERROR] Cannot find a proper http user agent program. Please install curl or wget.\n";
              }
  
              $program;
          };
  
          die "[ERROR] Unrecognized http user agent program: $HTTP_USER_AGENT_PROGRAM. It can only be one of: ".join(",", keys %commands)."\n" unless $commands{$HTTP_USER_AGENT_PROGRAM};
  
          return $HTTP_USER_AGENT_PROGRAM;
      }
  
      sub http_user_agent_command {
          my ($purpose, $params) = @_;
          my $ua = http_user_agent_program;
          my $cmd = $ua . " " . $commands{ $ua }->{ $purpose };
          for (keys %$params) {
              $cmd =~ s!{$_}!$params->{$_}!g;
          }
          return ($ua, $cmd) if wantarray;
          return $cmd;
      }
  
      sub http_download {
          my ($url, $path) = @_;
  
          if (-e $path) {
              die "ERROR: The download target < $path > already exists.\n";
          }
  
          my $partial = 0;
          local $SIG{TERM} = local $SIG{INT} = sub { $partial++ };
  
          my $download_command = http_user_agent_command(download => { url => $url, output => $path });
  
          my $status = system($download_command);
          if ($partial) {
              $path->unlink;
              return "ERROR: Interrupted.";
          }
          unless ($status == 0) {
              $path->unlink;
              return "ERROR: Failed to execute the command\n\n\t$download_command\n\nReason:\n\n\t$?";
          }
          return 0;
      }
  
      sub http_get {
          my ($url, $header, $cb) = @_;
  
          if (ref($header) eq 'CODE') {
              $cb = $header;
              $header = undef;
          }
  
          my ($program, $command) = http_user_agent_command(get => { url =>  $url });
  
          open my $fh, '-|', $command
              or die "open() pipe for '$command': $!";
  
          local $/;
          my $body = <$fh>;
          close $fh;
  
          # check if the download has failed and die automatically
          $commands{ $program }{ die_on_error }->($?);
  
          return $cb ? $cb->($body) : $body;
      }
  }
  
  sub perl_version_to_integer {
      my $version = shift;
      my @v = split(/[\.\-_]/, $version);
      return undef if @v < 2;
      if ($v[1] <= 5) {
          $v[2] ||= 0;
          $v[3] = 0;
      }
      else {
          $v[3] ||= $v[1] >= 6 ? 9 : 0;
          $v[3] =~ s/[^0-9]//g;
      }
  
      return $v[1]*1000000 + $v[2]*1000 + $v[3];
  }
  
  ### methods
  sub new {
      my($class, @argv) = @_;
  
      my %opt = (
          original_argv  => \@argv,
          args => [],
          yes   => 0,
          force => 0,
          quiet => 0,
          D => [],
          U => [],
          A => [],
          sitecustomize => '',
          destdir => '',
          noman => '',
          variation => '',
          both => [],
          append => '',
          reverse => 0,
          verbose => 0,
      );
  
      $opt{$_} = '' for keys %flavor;
  
      if (@argv) {
          # build a local @ARGV to allow us to use an older
          # Getopt::Long API in case we are building on an older system
          local (@ARGV) = @argv;
  
          Getopt::Long::Configure(
              'pass_through',
              'no_ignore_case',
              'bundling',
              'permute',          # default behaviour except 'exec'
          );
  
          $class->parse_cmdline(\%opt);
  
          $opt{args} = \@ARGV;
  
          # fix up the effect of 'bundling'
          foreach my $flags (@opt{qw(D U A)}) {
              foreach my $value (@{$flags}) {
                  $value =~ s/^=//;
              }
          }
      }
  
      my $self = bless \%opt, $class;
  
  	# Treat --root option same way as env variable PERLBREW_ROOT (with higher priority)
  	$ENV{PERLBREW_ROOT} = $self->root ($opt{root})
  		if $opt{root};
  
  	$self->{builddir} = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($self->{builddir})
  		if $opt{builddir};
  
  	# Ensure propagation of $PERLBREW_HOME and $PERLBREW_ROOT
  	$self->root;
  	$self->home;
  
      return $self;
  }
  
  sub parse_cmdline {
      my ($self, $params, @ext) = @_;
  
      my @f = map { $flavor{$_}{opt} || $_ } keys %flavor;
  
      return Getopt::Long::GetOptions(
          $params,
  
          'yes',
          'force|f',
          'reverse',
          'notest|n',
          'quiet|q',
          'verbose|v',
          'as=s',
          'append=s',
          'help|h',
          'version',
          'root=s',
          'switch',
          'all',
          'shell=s',
          'no-patchperl',
  
          "builddir=s",
  
          # options passed directly to Configure
          'D=s@',
          'U=s@',
          'A=s@',
  
          'j=i',
          # options that affect Configure and customize post-build
          'sitecustomize=s',
          'destdir=s',
          'noman',
  
          # flavors support
          'both|b=s@',
          'all-variations',
          'common-variations',
          @f,
  
          @ext
      )
  }
  
  sub root {
      my ($self, $new_root) = @_;
  
  	$new_root ||= $PERLBREW_ROOT
  		|| $ENV{PERLBREW_ROOT}
  		|| App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($ENV{HOME}, "perl5", "perlbrew")->stringify
  		unless $self->{root};
  
  	$self->{root} = $PERLBREW_ROOT = $new_root
  		if defined $new_root;
  
  	$self->{root} = App::Perlbrew::Path::Root->new ($self->{root})
  		unless ref $self->{root};
  
  	$self->{root} = App::Perlbrew::Path::Root->new ($self->{root}->stringify)
  		unless $self->{root}->isa ('App::Perlbrew::Path::Root');
  
      return $self->{root};
  }
  
  sub home {
      my ($self, $new_home) = @_;
  
  	$new_home ||= $PERLBREW_HOME
  		|| $ENV{PERLBREW_HOME}
  		|| App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($ENV{HOME}, ".perlbrew")->stringify
  		unless $self->{home};
  
  	$self->{home} = $PERLBREW_HOME = $new_home
  		if defined $new_home;
  
  	$self->{home} = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($self->{home})
  		unless ref $self->{home};
  
      return $self->{home};
  }
  
  sub builddir {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      return $self->{builddir} || $self->root->build;
  }
  
  sub current_perl {
      my ($self, $v) = @_;
      $self->{current_perl} = $v if $v;
      return $self->{current_perl} || $self->env('PERLBREW_PERL')  || '';
  }
  
  sub current_lib {
      my ($self, $v) = @_;
      $self->{current_lib} = $v if $v;
      return $self->{current_lib} || $self->env('PERLBREW_LIB')  || '';
  }
  
  sub current_shell_is_bashish {
      my ($self) = @_;
      if (($self->current_shell eq 'bash') or ($self->current_shell eq 'zsh')) {
          return 1;
      } else {
          return 0;
      }
  }
  
  sub current_shell {
      my ($self, $x) = @_;
      $self->{current_shell} = $x if $x;
      return $self->{current_shell} ||= do {
          my $shell_name = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($self->{shell} || $self->env('SHELL'))->basename;
          $shell_name =~ s/\d+$//;
          $shell_name;
      };
  }
  
  sub current_env {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $l = $self->current_lib;
      $l = "@" . $l if $l;
      return $self->current_perl . $l;
  }
  
  sub installed_perl_executable {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
      die unless $name;
  
      my $executable = $self->root->perls ($name)->perl;
      return $executable if -e $executable;
      return "";
  }
  
  sub configure_args {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
  
      my $perl_cmd = $self->installed_perl_executable($name);
      my $code = 'while(($_,$v)=each(%Config)){print"$_ $v" if /config_arg/}';
  
      my @output = split "\n" => $self->do_capture($perl_cmd, '-MConfig', '-wle', $code);
  
      my %arg;
      for(@output) {
          my ($k, $v) = split " ", $_, 2;
          $arg{$k} = $v;
      }
  
      if (wantarray) {
          return map { $arg{"config_arg$_"} } (1 .. $arg{config_argc})
      }
  
      return $arg{config_args}
  }
  
  sub cpan_mirror {
      my ($self) = @_;
      unless($self->{cpan_mirror}) {
          $self->{cpan_mirror} = $self->env("PERLBREW_CPAN_MIRROR") || "http://www.cpan.org";
          $self->{cpan_mirror} =~ s{/+$}{};
      }
      return $self->{cpan_mirror};
  }
  
  sub env {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
      return $ENV{$name} if $name;
      return \%ENV;
  }
  
  sub is_shell_csh {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return 1 if $self->env('SHELL') =~ /(t?csh)/;
      return 0;
  }
  
  # Entry point method: handles all the arguments
  # and dispatches to an appropriate internal
  # method to execute the corresponding command.
  sub run {
      my($self) = @_;
      $self->run_command($self->args);
  }
  
  sub args {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      # keep 'force' and 'yes' coherent across commands
      $self->{force} = $self->{yes} = 1 if ($self->{force} || $self->{yes});
  
      return @{ $self->{args} };
  }
  
  sub commands {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      my $package =  ref $self ? ref $self : $self;
  
      my @commands;
      my $symtable = do {
          no strict 'refs';
          \%{$package . '::'};
      };
  
      foreach my $sym (keys %$symtable) {
          if ($sym =~ /^run_command_/) {
              my $glob = $symtable->{$sym};
              if (ref($glob) eq 'CODE' || defined *$glob{CODE}) {
                  # with perl >= 5.27 stash entry can points to a CV directly
                  $sym =~ s/^run_command_//;
                  $sym =~ s/_/-/g;
                  push @commands, $sym;
              }
          }
      }
  
      return @commands;
  }
  
  sub find_similar_commands {
      my ($self, $command) = @_;
      my $SIMILAR_DISTANCE = 6;
  
      $command =~ s/_/-/g;
  
      my @commands = sort {
          $a->[1] <=> $b->[1]
      } map {
          my $d = editdist($_, $command);
          (($d < $SIMILAR_DISTANCE) ? [ $_, $d ] : ())
      } $self->commands;
  
      if (@commands) {
          my $best  = $commands[0][1];
          @commands = map { $_->[0] } grep { $_->[1] == $best } @commands;
      }
  
      return @commands;
  }
  
  # This method is called in the 'run' loop
  # and executes every specific action depending
  # on the type of command.
  #
  # The first argument to this method is a self reference,
  # while the first "real" argument is the command to execute.
  # Other parameters after the command to execute are
  # considered as arguments for the command itself.
  #
  # In general the command is executed via a method named after the
  # command itself and with the 'run_command' prefix. For instance
  # the command 'exec' is handled by a method
  # `run_command_exec`
  #
  # If no candidates can be found, an execption is thrown
  # and a similar command is shown to the user.
  sub run_command {
      my ($self, $x, @args) = @_;
      my $command = $x;
  
      if ($self->{version}) {
          $x = 'version';
      }
      elsif (!$x) {
          $x = 'help';
          @args = (0, $self->{help} ? 2 : 0);
      }
      elsif ($x eq 'help') {
          @args = (0, 2) unless @args;
      }
  
      my $s = $self->can("run_command_$x");
      unless ($s) {
          $x =~ y/-/_/;
          $s = $self->can("run_command_$x");
      }
  
      unless ($s) {
          my @commands = $self->find_similar_commands($x);
  
          if (@commands > 1) {
              @commands = map { '    ' . $_ } @commands;
              die "Unknown command: `$command`. Did you mean one of the following?\n" . join("\n", @commands) . "\n";
          } elsif (@commands == 1) {
              die "Unknown command: `$command`. Did you mean `$commands[0]`?\n";
          } else {
              die "Unknown command: `$command`. Typo?\n";
          }
      }
  
      $self->$s(@args);
  }
  
  sub run_command_version {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $package = ref $self;
      my $version = $self->VERSION;
      print "$0  - $package/$version\n";
  }
  
  # Provides help information about a command.
  # The idea is similar to the 'run_command' and 'run_command_$x' chain:
  # this method dispatches to a 'run_command_help_$x' method
  # if found in the class, otherwise it tries to extract the help
  # documentation via the POD of the class itself using the
  # section 'COMMAND: $x' with uppercase $x.
  sub run_command_help {
      my ($self, $status, $verbose, $return_text) = @_;
  
      require Pod::Usage;
  
      if ($status && !defined($verbose)) {
          if ($self->can("run_command_help_${status}")) {
              $self->can("run_command_help_${status}")->($self);
          }
          else {
              my $out = "";
              open my $fh, ">", \$out;
  
              Pod::Usage::pod2usage(
                  -exitval   => "NOEXIT",
                  -verbose   => 99,
                  -sections  => "COMMAND: " . uc($status),
                  -output    => $fh,
                  -noperldoc => 1
              );
              $out =~ s/\A[^\n]+\n//s;
              $out =~ s/^    //gm;
  
              if ($out =~ /\A\s*\Z/) {
                  $out = "Cannot find documentation for '$status'\n\n";
              }
  
              return "\n$out" if ($return_text);
              print "\n$out";
              close $fh;
          }
      }
      else {
          Pod::Usage::pod2usage(
              -noperldoc => 1,
              -verbose => $verbose||0,
              -exitval => (defined $status ? $status : 1)
          );
      }
  }
  
  # introspection for compgen
  my %comp_installed = (
      use    => 1,
      switch => 1,
  );
  
  sub run_command_compgen {
      my($self, $cur, @args) = @_;
  
      $cur = 0 unless defined($cur);
  
      # do `tail -f bashcomp.log` for debugging
      if ($self->env('PERLBREW_DEBUG_COMPLETION')) {
          open my $log, '>>', 'bashcomp.log';
          print $log "[$$] $cur of [@args]\n";
      }
      my $subcommand           = $args[1];
      my $subcommand_completed = ($cur >= 2);
  
      if (!$subcommand_completed) {
          $self->_compgen($subcommand, $self->commands);
      }
      else { # complete args of a subcommand
          if ($comp_installed{$subcommand}) {
              if ($cur <= 2) {
                  my $part;
                  if (defined($part = $args[2])) {
                      $part = qr/ \Q$part\E /xms;
                  }
                  $self->_compgen($part,
                      map{ $_->{name} } $self->installed_perls());
              }
          }
          elsif ($subcommand eq 'help') {
              if ($cur <= 2) {
                  $self->_compgen($args[2], $self->commands());
              }
          }
          else {
              # TODO
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub _firstrcfile {
      my ($self, @files) = @_;
      foreach my $path (@files) {
          return $path if -f App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($self->env('HOME'), $path);
      }
      return;
  }
  
  sub _compgen {
      my($self, $part, @reply) = @_;
      if (defined $part) {
          $part = qr/\A \Q$part\E /xms if ref($part) ne ref(qr//);
          @reply = grep { /$part/ } @reply;
      }
      foreach my $word(@reply) {
          print $word, "\n";
      }
  }
  
  # Internal utility function.
  # Given a specific perl version, e.g., perl-5.27.4
  # returns a string with a formatted version number such
  # as 05027004. Such string can be used as a number
  # in order to make either a string comparison
  # or a numeric comparison.
  #
  # In the case of cperl the major number is added by 6
  # so that it would match the project claim of being
  # Perl 5+6 = 11. The final result is then
  # multiplied by a negative factor (-1) in order
  # to make cperl being "less" in the ordered list
  # than a normal Perl installation.
  #
  # The returned string is made by four pieces of two digits each:
  # MMmmppbb
  # where:
  # MM is the major Perl version (e.g., 5 -> 05)
  # mm is the minor Perl version (e.g. 27 -> 27)
  # pp is the patch level (e.g., 4 -> 04)
  # bb is the blead flag: it is 00 for a "normal" release, or 01 for a blead one
  sub comparable_perl_version {
      my ($self, $perl_version)   = @_;
      my ($is_cperl, $is_blead)   = (0, 0);
      my ($major, $minor, $patch) = (0, 0, 0);
      if ($perl_version =~ /^(?:(c?perl)-?)?(\d)\.(\d+).(\d+).*/) {
          $is_cperl = $1 && ($1 eq 'cperl');
          $major    = $2 + ($is_cperl ? 6 : 0);               # major version
          $minor    = $3;                                     # minor version
          $patch    = $4;                                     # patch level
  
      }
      elsif ($perl_version =~ /^(?:(c?perl)-?)?-?(blead)$/) {
          # in the case of a blead release use a fake high number
          # to assume it is the "latest" release number available
          $is_cperl = $1 && ($1 eq 'cperl');
          $is_blead = $2 && ($2 eq 'blead');
          ($major, $minor, $patch) = (5, 99, 99);
      }
  
      return ($is_cperl ? -1 : 1)
          * sprintf('%02d%02d%02d%02d',
                    $major + ($is_cperl ? 6 : 0),              # major version
                    $minor,                                    # minor version
                    $patch,                                    # patch level
                    $is_blead);                                # blead
  }
  
  # Internal method.
  # Performs a comparable sort of the perl versions specified as
  # list.
  sub sort_perl_versions {
      my ($self, @perls) = @_;
  
      return map { $_->[ 0 ] }
      sort { (  $self->{reverse}
              ? $a->[ 1 ] <=> $b->[ 1 ]
              : $b->[ 1 ] <=> $a->[ 1 ] ) }
             map { [ $_, $self->comparable_perl_version($_) ] }
             @perls;
  }
  
  sub run_command_available {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $perls     = $self->available_perls_with_urls(@_);
      my @installed = $self->installed_perls(@_);
      my $is_verbose = $self->{verbose};
  
      # sort the keys of Perl installation (Randal to the rescue!)
      my @sorted_perls = $self->sort_perl_versions(keys %$perls);
  
      for my $available (@sorted_perls) {
          my $url = $perls->{$available};
          my $ctime;
  
          for my $installed (@installed) {
              my $name = $installed->{name};
              my $cur  = $installed->{is_current};
              if ($available eq $installed->{name}) {
                  $ctime = $installed->{ctime};
                  last;
              }
          }
  
          printf "\n%1s %12s  %s %s",
              $ctime ? 'i' : '',
              $available,
              ( $is_verbose
                ? $ctime ? "INSTALLED on $ctime via"  : 'available from '
                : ''),
              ( $is_verbose ? "<$url>" : '' ) ;
      }
  
      print "\n";
  
      return @sorted_perls;
  }
  
  sub available_perls {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $perls    = $self->available_perls_with_urls;
      return $self->sort_perl_versions(keys %$perls);
  }
  
  sub available_perls_with_urls {
      my ($self, $dist, $opts) = @_;
      my $perls = {};
      my @perllist;
  
      my $url = $self->{all}  ? "https://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/"
                              : "https://www.cpan.org/src/README.html" ;
      my $html = http_get($url, undef, undef);
      unless ($html) {
          die "\nERROR: Unable to retrieve the list of perls.\n\n";
      }
      for (split "\n", $html) {
          my ($current_perl, $current_url);
          if ($self->{all}) {
              ($current_perl, $current_url) = ($2, $1) if m|<a href="(perl.*?\.tar\.gz)">\s*([^\s]+?)\s*</a>|;
          }
          else {
              ($current_perl, $current_url ) = ($2, $1) if m|<td><a href="(http(?:s?)://www.cpan.org/src/.+?)">\s*([^\s]+?)\s*</a></td>|;
          }
  
          # if we have a $current_perl add it to the available hash of perls
          if ($current_perl) {
              $current_perl =~ s/\.tar\.(bz2|gz)//;
              push @perllist, [ $current_perl, $current_url ];
              $perls->{$current_perl} = $current_url;
          }
      }
  
      # we got impatient waiting for cpan.org to get updated to show 5.28...
      # So, we also fetch from metacpan for anything that looks perlish,
      # and we do our own processing to filter out the development
      # releases and minor versions when needed (using
      # filter_perl_available)
      $url = 'https://fastapi.metacpan.org/v1/release/versions/perl';
      $html = http_get($url, undef, undef);
      unless ($html) {
          $html = '';
          warn "\nERROR: Unable to retrieve list of perls from Metacpan.\n\n";
      }
      while ($html =~ m{"(http(?:s?)://cpan\.metacpan\.org/[^"]+/(perl-5\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+(?:-[A-Z0-9]+)?)\.tar\.(?:bz2|gz))"}g) {
          my ($current_perl, $current_url) = ($2, $1);
  
          push @perllist, [ $current_perl, $current_url ];
      }
      foreach my $perl ($self->filter_perl_available(\@perllist)) {
          # We only want to add a Metacpan link if the www.cpan.org link
          # doesn't exist, and this assures that we do that properly.
          if (!exists($perls->{ $perl->[0] })) {
              $perls->{ $perl->[0] } = $perl->[1];
          }
      }
  
      # cperl releases: https://github.com/perl11/cperl/tags
      my $cperl_remote           = 'https://github.com';
      my $url_cperl_release_list = $cperl_remote . '/perl11/cperl/tags';
  
      $html = http_get($url_cperl_release_list);
      if ($html) {
          while ($html =~ m{href="(/perl11/cperl/archive/cperl-(5.+?)\.tar\.gz)"}xg) {
              $perls->{ "cperl-$2" } = $cperl_remote . $1;
          }
      } else {
          if ($self->{verbose}) {
              warn "\nWARN: Unable to retrieve the list of cperl releases.\n\n";
          }
      }
  
      return $perls;
  }
  
  # $perllist is an arrayref of arrayrefs.  The inner arrayrefs are of the
  # format: [ <perl_name>, <perl_url> ]
  #   perl_name = something like perl-5.28.0
  #   perl_url  = URL the Perl is available from.
  #
  # If $self->{all} is true, this just returns a list of the contents of
  # the list referenced by $perllist
  #
  # Otherwise, this looks for even middle numbers in the version and no
  # suffix (like -RC1) following the URL, and returns the list of
  # arrayrefs that so match
  #
  # If any "newest" Perl has a
  sub filter_perl_available {
      my ($self, $perllist) = @_;
  
      if ($self->{all}) { return @$perllist; }
  
      my %max_release;
      foreach my $perl (@$perllist) {
          my $ver = $perl->[0];
          if ($ver !~ m/^perl-5\.[0-9]*[02468]\.[0-9]+$/) { next; } # most likely TRIAL or RC, or a DEV release
  
          my ($release_line, $minor) = $ver =~ m/^perl-5\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/;
          if (exists $max_release{$release_line}) {
              if ($max_release{$release_line}->[0] > $minor) { next; } # We have a newer release
          }
  
          $max_release{$release_line} = [ $minor, $perl ];
      }
  
      return map { $_->[1] } values %max_release;
  }
  
  sub perl_release {
      my ($self, $version) = @_;
      my $mirror = $self->cpan_mirror();
  
      # try CPAN::Perl::Releases
      my $tarballs = CPAN::Perl::Releases::perl_tarballs($version);
  
      my $x = (values %$tarballs)[0];
      if ($x) {
          my $dist_tarball = (split("/", $x))[-1];
          my $dist_tarball_url = "$mirror/authors/id/$x";
          return ($dist_tarball, $dist_tarball_url);
      }
  
      # try src/5.0 symlinks, either perl-5.X or perl5.X; favor .tar.bz2 over .tar.gz
      my $index = http_get("http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/");
      if ($index) {
          for my $prefix ("perl-", "perl") {
              for my $suffix (".tar.bz2", ".tar.gz") {
                  my $dist_tarball = "$prefix$version$suffix";
                  my $dist_tarball_url = "$mirror/src/5.0/$dist_tarball";
                  return ($dist_tarball, $dist_tarball_url)
                      if ($index =~ /href\s*=\s*"\Q$dist_tarball\E"/ms);
              }
          }
      }
  
      my $json = http_get("'https://fastapi.metacpan.org/v1/release/_search?size=1&q=name:perl-${version}'");
  
      my $result;
      unless ($json and $result = decode_json($json)->{hits}{hits}[0]) {
          die "ERROR: Failed to locate perl-${version} tarball.";
      }
  
      my ($dist_path, $dist_tarball) =
          $result->{_source}{download_url} =~ m[(/authors/id/.+/(perl-${version}.tar.(gz|bz2|xz)))$];
      die "ERROR: Cannot find the tarball for perl-$version\n"
          if !$dist_path and !$dist_tarball;
      my $dist_tarball_url = "https://cpan.metacpan.org${dist_path}";
      return ($dist_tarball, $dist_tarball_url);
  }
  
  sub cperl_release {
      my ($self, $version) = @_;
      my %url = (
          "5.22.3" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.22.3/cperl-5.22.3.tar.gz",
          "5.22.2" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.22.2/cperl-5.22.2.tar.gz",
          "5.24.0-RC1" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.24.0-RC1/cperl-5.24.0-RC1.tar.gz",
      );
      # my %digest => {
      #     "5.22.3" => "bcf494a6b12643fa5e803f8e0d9cef26312b88fc",
      #     "5.22.2" => "8615964b0a519cf70d69a155b497de98e6a500d0",
      # };
  
      my $dist_tarball_url = $url{$version}or die "ERROR: Cannot find the tarball for cperl-$version\n";
      my $dist_tarball = "cperl-${version}.tar.gz";
      return ($dist_tarball, $dist_tarball_url);
  }
  
  sub release_detail_perl_local {
      my ($self, $dist, $rd) = @_;
      $rd ||= {};
      my $error = 1;
      my $mirror = $self->cpan_mirror();
      my $tarballs = CPAN::Perl::Releases::perl_tarballs($rd->{version});
      if (keys %$tarballs) {
          for ("tar.bz2", "tar.gz") {
              if (my $x = $tarballs->{$_}) {
                  $rd->{tarball_name} = (split("/", $x))[-1];
                  $rd->{tarball_url} = "$mirror/authors/id/$x";
                  $error = 0;
                  last;
              }
          }
      }
      return ($error, $rd);
  }
  
  sub release_detail_perl_remote {
      my ($self, $dist, $rd) = @_;
      $rd ||= {};
      my $error = 1;
      my $mirror = $self->cpan_mirror();
  
      my $version = $rd->{version};
  
      # try src/5.0 symlinks, either perl-5.X or perl5.X; favor .tar.bz2 over .tar.gz
      my $index = http_get("http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/");
      if ($index) {
          for my $prefix ("perl-", "perl") {
              for my $suffix (".tar.bz2", ".tar.gz") {
                  my $dist_tarball = "$prefix$version$suffix";
                  my $dist_tarball_url = "$mirror/src/5.0/$dist_tarball";
                  if ($index =~ /href\s*=\s*"\Q$dist_tarball\E"/ms) {
                      $rd->{tarball_url} = $dist_tarball_url;
                      $rd->{tarball_name} = $dist_tarball;
                      $error = 0;
                      return ($error, $rd);
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      my $json = http_get("'https://fastapi.metacpan.org/v1/release/_search?size=1&q=name:perl-${version}'");
  
      my $result;
      unless ($json and $result = decode_json($json)->{hits}{hits}[0]) {
          die "ERROR: Failed to locate perl-${version} tarball.";
      }
  
      my ($dist_path, $dist_tarball) =
          $result->{_source}{download_url} =~ m[(/authors/id/.+/(perl-${version}.tar.(gz|bz2|xz)))$];
      die "ERROR: Cannot find the tarball for perl-$version\n"
          if !$dist_path and !$dist_tarball;
      my $dist_tarball_url = "https://cpan.metacpan.org${dist_path}";
  
      $rd->{tarball_name} = $dist_tarball;
      $rd->{tarball_url} = $dist_tarball_url;
      $error = 0;
  
      return ($error, $rd);
  }
  
  sub release_detail_cperl_local {
      my ($self, $dist, $rd) = @_;
      $rd ||= {};
      my %url = (
          "cperl-5.22.3" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.22.3/cperl-5.22.3.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.22.2" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.22.2/cperl-5.22.2.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.24.0-RC1" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.24.0-RC1/cperl-5.24.0-RC1.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.24.2" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.24.2/cperl-5.24.2.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.25.2" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/download/cperl-5.24.2/cperl-5.25.2.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.26.0" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/archive/cperl-5.26.0.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.26.0-RC1" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/archive/cperl-5.26.0-RC1.tar.gz",
          "cperl-5.27.0" => "https://github.com/perl11/cperl/archive/cperl-5.27.0.tar.gz",
      );
  
      my $error = 1;
      if (my $u = $url{$dist}) {
          $rd->{tarball_name} = "${dist}.tar.gz";
          $rd->{tarball_url} = $u;
          $error = 0;
      }
      return ($error, $rd);
  }
  
  sub release_detail_cperl_remote {
      my ($self, $dist, $rd) = @_;
      $rd ||= {};
  
      my $expect_href = "/perl11/cperl/archive/${dist}.tar.gz";
      my $html = http_get('https://github.com/perl11/cperl/releases/tag/' . $dist);
      my $error = 1;
  
      if ($html =~ m{ <a \s+ href="($expect_href)" }xsi) {
          $rd->{tarball_name} = "${dist}.tar.gz";
          $rd->{tarball_url}  = "https://github.com" . $1;
          $error = 0;
      } else {
          $error = 1;
      }
      return ($error, $rd);
  }
  
  sub release_detail {
      my ($self, $dist) = @_;
      my ($dist_type, $dist_version);
  
      ($dist_type, $dist_version) = $dist =~ /^ (?: (c?perl) -? )? ( [\d._]+ (?:-RC\d+)? |git|stable|blead)$/x;
      $dist_type = "perl" if $dist_version && !$dist_type;
  
      my $rd = {
          type => $dist_type,
          version => $dist_version,
          tarball_url => undef,
          tarball_name => undef,
      };
  
      # dynamic methods: release_detail_perl_local, release_detail_cperl_local, release_detail_perl_remote, release_detail_cperl_remote
      my $m_local = "release_detail_${dist_type}_local";
      my $m_remote = "release_detail_${dist_type}_remote";
  
      my ($error) = $self->$m_local($dist, $rd);
      ($error) = $self->$m_remote($dist, $rd) if $error;
  
      if ($error) {
          die "ERROR: Fail to get the tarball URL for dist: $dist\n";
      }
  
      return $rd;
  }
  
  sub run_command_init {
      my $self = shift;
      my @args = @_;
  
      if (@args && $args[0] eq '-') {
          if ($self->current_shell_is_bashish) {
              $self->run_command_init_in_bash;
          }
          exit 0;
      }
  
      $_->mkpath for (grep { ! -d $_ } map { $self->root->$_ } qw(perls dists build etc bin));
  
      my ($f, $fh) = @_;
  
      my $etc_dir = $self->root->etc;
  
      for (["bashrc", "BASHRC_CONTENT"],
           ["cshrc", "CSHRC_CONTENT"],
           ["csh_reinit",  "CSH_REINIT_CONTENT"],
           ["csh_wrapper", "CSH_WRAPPER_CONTENT"],
           ["csh_set_path", "CSH_SET_PATH_CONTENT"],
           ["perlbrew-completion.bash", "BASH_COMPLETION_CONTENT"],
           ["perlbrew.fish", "PERLBREW_FISH_CONTENT" ],
       ) {
          my ($file_name, $method) = @$_;
          my $path = $etc_dir->child ($file_name);
          if (! -f $path) {
              open($fh, ">", $path) or die "Fail to create $path. Please check the permission of $etc_dir and try `perlbrew init` again.";
              print $fh $self->$method;
              close $fh;
          }
          else {
              if (-w $path && open($fh, ">", $path)) {
                  print $fh $self->$method;
                  close $fh;
              }
              else {
                  print "NOTICE: $path already exists and not updated.\n" unless $self->{quiet};
              }
          }
      }
  
      my $root_dir = $self->root->stringify_with_tilde;
      # Skip this if we are running in a shell that already 'source's perlbrew.
      # This is true during a self-install/self-init.
      # Ref. https://github.com/gugod/App-perlbrew/issues/525
      if ($ENV{PERLBREW_SHELLRC_VERSION}) {
          print("\nperlbrew root ($root_dir) is initialized.\n");
      } else {
          my $shell = $self->current_shell;
          my ($code, $yourshrc);
          if ($shell =~ m/(t?csh)/) {
              $code = "source $root_dir/etc/cshrc";
              $yourshrc = $1 . "rc";
          }
          elsif ($shell =~ m/zsh\d?$/) {
              $code = "source $root_dir/etc/bashrc";
              $yourshrc = $self->_firstrcfile(qw(
                  .zshenv
                  .bash_profile
                  .bash_login
                  .profile
              )) || ".zshenv";
          }
          elsif ($shell =~ m/fish/) {
              $code = ". $root_dir/etc/perlbrew.fish";
              $yourshrc = 'config/fish/config.fish';
          }
          else {
              $code = "source $root_dir/etc/bashrc";
              $yourshrc = $self->_firstrcfile(qw(
                  .bash_profile
                  .bash_login
                  .profile
              )) || ".bash_profile";
          }
  
          if ($self->home ne App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($self->env('HOME'), ".perlbrew")) {
              my $pb_home_dir = $self->home->stringify_with_tilde;
              if ( $shell =~ m/fish/ ) {
                  $code = "set -x PERLBREW_HOME $pb_home_dir\n    $code";
              } else {
                  $code = "export PERLBREW_HOME=$pb_home_dir\n    $code";
              }
          }
  
          print <<INSTRUCTION;
  
  perlbrew root ($root_dir) is initialized.
  
  Append the following piece of code to the end of your ~/${yourshrc} and start a
  new shell, perlbrew should be up and fully functional from there:
  
      $code
  
  Simply run `perlbrew` for usage details.
  
  Happy brewing!
  
  INSTRUCTION
      }
  
  }
  
  sub run_command_init_in_bash {
      print BASHRC_CONTENT();
  }
  
  sub run_command_self_install {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $executable = $0;
      my $target = $self->root->bin ("perlbrew");
  
      if (files_are_the_same($executable, $target)) {
          print "You are already running the installed perlbrew:\n\n    $executable\n";
          exit;
      }
  
      $self->root->bin->mkpath;
  
      open my $fh, "<", $executable;
      my @lines =  <$fh>;
      close $fh;
  
      $lines[0] = $self->system_perl_shebang . "\n";
  
      open $fh, ">", $target;
      print $fh $_ for @lines;
      close $fh;
  
      chmod(0755, $target);
  
      my $path = $target->stringify_with_tilde;
  
      print "perlbrew is installed: $path\n" unless $self->{quiet};
  
      $self->run_command_init();
      return;
  }
  
  sub do_install_git {
      my ($self, $dist) = @_;
      my $dist_name;
      my $dist_git_describe;
      my $dist_version;
  
      opendir my $cwd_orig, ".";
  
      chdir $dist;
  
      if (`git describe` =~ /v((5\.\d+\.\d+(?:-RC\d)?)(-\d+-\w+)?)$/) {
          $dist_name = 'perl';
          $dist_git_describe = "v$1";
          $dist_version = $2;
      }
  
      chdir $cwd_orig;
  
      require File::Spec;
      my $dist_extracted_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($dist);
      $self->do_install_this(App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($dist_extracted_dir), $dist_version, "$dist_name-$dist_version");
      return;
  }
  
  sub do_install_url {
      my ($self, $dist) = @_;
      my $dist_name = 'perl';
      # need the period to account for the file extension
      my ($dist_version) = $dist =~ m/-([\d.]+(?:-RC\d+)?|git)\./;
      my ($dist_tarball) = $dist =~ m{/([^/]*)$};
  
      if (! $dist_version && $dist =~ /blead\.tar.gz$/) {
          $dist_version = "blead";
      }
  
      my $dist_tarball_path = $self->root->dists($dist_tarball);
      my $dist_tarball_url  = $dist;
      $dist = "$dist_name-$dist_version"; # we install it as this name later
  
      if ($dist_tarball_url =~ m/^file/) {
          print "Installing $dist from local archive $dist_tarball_url\n";
          $dist_tarball_url =~ s/^file:\/+/\//;
          $dist_tarball_path = $dist_tarball_url;
      }
      else {
          print "Fetching $dist as $dist_tarball_path\n";
          my $error = http_download($dist_tarball_url, $dist_tarball_path);
          die "ERROR: Failed to download $dist_tarball_url\n$error\n" if $error;
      }
  
      my $dist_extracted_path = $self->do_extract_tarball($dist_tarball_path);
      $self->do_install_this($dist_extracted_path, $dist_version, $dist);
      return;
  }
  
  sub do_extract_tarball {
      my ($self, $dist_tarball) = @_;
  
      # Assuming the dir extracted from the tarball is named after the tarball.
      my $dist_tarball_basename = $dist_tarball->basename (qr/\.tar\.(?:gz|bz2|xz)$/);
  
      # Note that this is incorrect for blead.
      my $workdir = $self->builddir->child ($dist_tarball_basename);
      $workdir->rmpath;
      $workdir->mkpath;
      my $extracted_dir;
  
      # Was broken on Solaris, where GNU tar is probably
      # installed as 'gtar' - RT #61042
      my $tarx =
          ($^O =~ /solaris|aix/ ? 'gtar ' : 'tar ') .
          ( $dist_tarball =~ m/xz$/  ? 'xJf' :
            $dist_tarball =~ m/bz2$/ ? 'xjf' : 'xzf' );
  
      my $extract_command = "cd $workdir; $tarx $dist_tarball";
      die "Failed to extract $dist_tarball" if system($extract_command);
  
      my @things = $workdir->children;
      if (@things == 1) {
          $extracted_dir = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($things[0]);
      }
  
      unless (defined($extracted_dir) && -d $extracted_dir) {
          die "Failed to find the extracted directory under $workdir";
      }
  
      return $extracted_dir;
  }
  
  sub do_install_blead {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      # We always blindly overwrite anything that's already there,
      # because blead is a moving target.
      my $dist_tarball_path = $self->root->dists("blead.tar.gz");
      unlink($dist_tarball_path) if -f $dist_tarball_path;
  
      $self->do_install_url("https://github.com/Perl/perl5/archive/blead.tar.gz");
  }
  
  sub resolve_stable_version {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      my ($latest_ver, $latest_minor);
      for my $cand ($self->available_perls) {
          my ($ver, $minor) = $cand =~ m/^perl-(5\.(6|8|[0-9]+[02468])\.[0-9]+)$/
              or next;
          ($latest_ver, $latest_minor) = ($ver, $minor)
              if !defined $latest_minor
              || $latest_minor < $minor;
      }
  
      die "Can't determine latest stable Perl release\n"
          if !defined $latest_ver;
  
      return $latest_ver;
  }
  
  sub do_install_release {
      my ($self, $dist, $dist_version) = @_;
  
      my $rd = $self->release_detail($dist);
      my $dist_type = $rd->{type};
  
      die "\"$dist\" does not look like a perl distribution name. " unless $dist_type && $dist_version =~ /^\d\./;
  
      my $dist_tarball = $rd->{tarball_name};
      my $dist_tarball_url = $rd->{tarball_url};
      my $dist_tarball_path = $self->root->dists ($dist_tarball);
  
      if (-f $dist_tarball_path) {
          print "Using the previously fetched ${dist_tarball}\n"
              if $self->{verbose};
      }
      else {
          print "Fetching perl $dist_version as $dist_tarball_path\n" unless $self->{quiet};
          $self->run_command_download($dist);
      }
  
      my $dist_extracted_path = $self->do_extract_tarball($dist_tarball_path);
      $self->do_install_this($dist_extracted_path, $dist_version, $dist);
      return;
  }
  
  sub run_command_install {
      my ($self, $dist, $opts) = @_;
  
      unless ($dist) {
          $self->run_command_help("install");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      $self->{dist_name} = $dist; # for help msg generation, set to non
                                  # normalized name
  
      my ($dist_type, $dist_version);
      if (($dist_type, $dist_version) = $dist =~ /^(?:(c?perl)-?)?([\d._]+(?:-RC\d+)?|git|stable|blead)$/) {
          $dist_version = $self->resolve_stable_version if $dist_version eq 'stable';
          $dist_type ||= "perl";
          $dist = "${dist_type}-${dist_version}"; # normalize dist name
  
          my $installation_name = ($self->{as} || $dist) . $self->{variation} . $self->{append};
          if (not $self->{force} and $self->is_installed($installation_name)) {
              die "\nABORT: $installation_name is already installed.\n\n";
          }
  
          if ($dist_type eq 'perl' && $dist_version eq 'blead') {
              $self->do_install_blead();
          }
          else {
              $self->do_install_release($dist, $dist_version);
          }
  
      }
      # else it is some kind of special install:
      elsif (-d "$dist/.git") {
          $self->do_install_git($dist);
      }
      elsif (-f $dist) {
          $self->do_install_archive(App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($dist));
      }
      elsif ($dist =~ m/^(?:https?|ftp|file)/) { # more protocols needed?
          $self->do_install_url($dist);
      }
      else {
          die "Unknown installation target \"$dist\", abort.\nPlease see `perlbrew help` " .
              "for the instruction on using the install command.\n\n";
      }
  
      if ($self->{switch}) {
          if (defined(my $installation_name = $self->{installation_name})) {
              $self->switch_to($installation_name)
          }
          else {
              warn "can't switch, unable to infer final destination name.\n\n";
          }
      }
      return;
  }
  
  sub check_and_calculate_variations {
      my $self = shift;
      my @both = @{$self->{both}};
  
      if ($self->{'all-variations'}) {
          @both = keys %flavor;
      }
      elsif ($self->{'common-variations'}) {
          push @both, grep $flavor{$_}{common}, keys %flavor;
      }
  
      # check the validity of the varitions given via 'both'
      for my $both (@both) {
          $flavor{$both} or die "$both is not a supported flavor.\n\n";
          $self->{$both} and die "options --both $both and --$both can not be used together";
          if (my $implied_by = $flavor{$both}{implied_by}) {
              $self->{$implied_by} and die "options --both $both and --$implied_by can not be used together";
          }
      }
  
      # flavors selected always
      my $start = '';
      $start .= "-$_" for grep $self->{$_}, keys %flavor;
  
      # make variations
      my @var = $start;
      for my $both (@both) {
          my $append = join('-', $both, grep defined, $flavor{$both}{implies});
          push @var, map "$_-$append", @var;
      }
  
      # normalize the variation names
      @var = map { join '-', '', sort { $flavor{$a}{ix} <=> $flavor{$b}{ix} } grep length, split /-+/, $_ } @var;
      s/(\b\w+\b)(?:-\1)+/$1/g for @var; # remove duplicate flavors
  
      # After inspecting perl Configure script this seems to be the most
      # reliable heuristic to determine if perl would have 64bit IVs by
      # default or not:
      if ($Config::Config{longsize} >= 8) {
          # We are in a 64bit platform. 64int and 64all are always set but
          # we don't want them to appear on the final perl name
          s/-64\w+//g for @var;
      }
  
      # remove duplicated variations
      my %var = map { $_ => 1 } @var;
      sort keys %var;
  }
  
  sub run_command_install_multiple {
      my ($self, @dists) = @_;
  
      unless (@dists) {
          $self->run_command_help("install-multiple");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      die "--switch can not be used with command install-multiple.\n\n"
          if $self->{switch};
      die "--as can not be used when more than one distribution is given.\n\n"
          if $self->{as} and @dists > 1;
  
      my @variations = $self->check_and_calculate_variations;
      print join("\n",
                 "Compiling the following distributions:",
                 map("    $_$self->{append}", @dists),
                 "  with the following variations:",
                 map((/-(.*)/ ? "    $1" : "    default"), @variations),
                 "", "");
  
      my @ok;
      for my $dist (@dists) {
          for my $variation (@variations) {
              local $@;
              eval {
                  $self->{$_} = '' for keys %flavor;
                  $self->{$_} = 1 for split /-/, $variation;
                  $self->{variation} = $variation;
                  $self->{installation_name} = undef;
  
                  $self->run_command_install($dist);
                  push @ok, $self->{installation_name};
              };
              if ($@) {
                  $@ =~ s/\n+$/\n/;
                  print "Installation of $dist$variation failed: $@";
              }
          }
      }
  
      print join("\n",
                 "",
                 "The following perls have been installed:",
                 map ("    $_", grep defined, @ok),
                 "", "");
      return
  }
  
  sub run_command_download {
      my ($self, $dist) = @_;
  
      $dist = $self->resolve_stable_version
          if $dist && $dist eq 'stable';
  
      my $rd = $self->release_detail($dist);
  
      my $dist_tarball = $rd->{tarball_name};
      my $dist_tarball_url = $rd->{tarball_url};
      my $dist_tarball_path = $self->root->dists ($dist_tarball);
  
      if (-f $dist_tarball_path && !$self->{force}) {
          print "$dist_tarball already exists\n";
      }
      else {
          print "Download $dist_tarball_url to $dist_tarball_path\n" unless $self->{quiet};
          my $error = http_download($dist_tarball_url, $dist_tarball_path);
          if ($error) {
              die "ERROR: Failed to download $dist_tarball_url\n$error\n";
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub purify {
      my ($self, $envname) = @_;
      my @paths = grep { index($_, $self->home) < 0 && index($_, $self->root) < 0 } split /:/, $self->env($envname);
      return wantarray ? @paths : join(":", @paths);
  }
  
  sub system_perl_executable {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      my $system_perl_executable = do {
          local $ENV{PATH} = $self->pristine_path;
          `perl -MConfig -e 'print \$Config{perlpath}'`
      };
  
      return $system_perl_executable;
  }
  
  sub system_perl_shebang {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return $Config{sharpbang}. $self->system_perl_executable;
  }
  
  sub pristine_path {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return $self->purify("PATH");
  }
  
  sub pristine_manpath {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return $self->purify("MANPATH");
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_system_perl_executable {
      print $_[0]->system_perl_executable . "\n";
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_system_perl_shebang {
      print $_[0]->system_perl_shebang . "\n";
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_pristine_path {
      print $_[0]->pristine_path . "\n";
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_pristine_manpath {
      print $_[0]->pristine_manpath . "\n";
  }
  
  sub do_install_archive {
      require File::Basename;
  
      my $self = shift;
      my $dist_tarball_path = shift;
      my $dist_version;
      my $installation_name;
  
      if ($dist_tarball_path->basename =~ m{(c?perl)-?(5.+)\.tar\.(gz|bz2|xz)\Z}) {
          my $perl_variant = $1;
          $dist_version = $2;
          $installation_name = "${perl_variant}-${dist_version}";
      }
  
      unless ($dist_version && $installation_name) {
          die "Unable to determine perl version from archive filename.\n\nThe archive name should look like perl-5.x.y.tar.gz or perl-5.x.y.tar.bz2 or perl-5.x.y.tar.xz\n";
      }
  
      my $dist_extracted_path = $self->do_extract_tarball($dist_tarball_path);
  
      $self->do_install_this($dist_extracted_path, $dist_version, $installation_name);
  }
  
  sub do_install_this {
      my ($self, $dist_extracted_dir, $dist_version, $installation_name) = @_;
  
      my $variation = $self->{variation};
      my $append = $self->{append};
      my $looks_like_we_are_installing_cperl =  $dist_extracted_dir =~ /\/ cperl- /x;
  
      $self->{dist_extracted_dir} = $dist_extracted_dir;
      $self->{log_file} = $self->root->child ("build.${installation_name}${variation}${append}.log");
  
      my @d_options = @{ $self->{D} };
      my @u_options = @{ $self->{U} };
      my @a_options = @{ $self->{A} };
      my $sitecustomize = $self->{sitecustomize};
      my $destdir = $self->{destdir};
      $installation_name = $self->{as} if $self->{as};
      $installation_name .= "$variation$append";
  
      $self->{installation_name} = $installation_name;
  
      if ($sitecustomize) {
          die "Could not read sitecustomize file '$sitecustomize'\n"
              unless -r $sitecustomize;
          push @d_options, "usesitecustomize";
      }
  
      if ($self->{noman}) {
          push @d_options, qw/man1dir=none man3dir=none/;
      }
  
      for my $flavor (keys %flavor) {
          $self->{$flavor} and push @d_options, $flavor{$flavor}{d_option}
      }
  
      my $perlpath = $self->root->perls ($installation_name);
      my $patchperl = $self->root->bin ("patchperl");
  
      unless (-x $patchperl && -f _) {
          $patchperl = "patchperl";
      }
  
      unshift @d_options, qq(prefix=$perlpath);
      push @d_options, "usedevel" if $dist_version =~ /5\.\d[13579]|git|blead/;
  
      push @d_options, "usecperl" if $looks_like_we_are_installing_cperl;
  
      my $version = $self->comparable_perl_version($dist_version);
      if (defined $version and $version < $self->comparable_perl_version('5.6.0')) {
          # ancient perls do not support -A for Configure
          @a_options = ();
      } else {
          unless (grep { /eval:scriptdir=/} @a_options) {
              push @a_options, "'eval:scriptdir=${perlpath}/bin'";
          }
      }
  
      print "Installing $dist_extracted_dir into " . $self->root->perls ($installation_name)->stringify_with_tilde . "\n\n";
      print <<INSTALL if !$self->{verbose};
  This could take a while. You can run the following command on another shell to track the status:
  
    tail -f ${\ $self->{log_file}->stringify_with_tilde }
  
  INSTALL
  
      my @preconfigure_commands = (
          "cd $dist_extracted_dir",
          "rm -f config.sh Policy.sh",
      );
      push @preconfigure_commands, 'chmod -R +w .', $patchperl unless $self->{"no-patchperl"} || $looks_like_we_are_installing_cperl;
  
      my $configure_flags = $self->env("PERLBREW_CONFIGURE_FLAGS") || '-de';
  
      my @configure_commands = (
          "sh Configure $configure_flags " .
              join( ' ',
                  ( map { qq{'-D$_'} } @d_options ),
                  ( map { qq{'-U$_'} } @u_options ),
                  ( map { qq{'-A$_'} } @a_options ),
              ),
          (defined $version and $version < $self->comparable_perl_version('5.8.9'))
                  ? ("$^X -i -nle 'print unless /command-line/' makefile x2p/makefile")
                  : ()
      );
  
      my $make = $ENV{MAKE} || ($^O eq "solaris" ? 'gmake' : 'make');
      my @build_commands = (
          $make . ' ' . ($self->{j} ? "-j$self->{j}" : "")
      );
  
      # Test via "make test_harness" if available so we'll get
      # automatic parallel testing via $HARNESS_OPTIONS. The
      # "test_harness" target was added in 5.7.3, which was the last
      # development release before 5.8.0.
      my $test_target = "test";
      if ($dist_version =~ /^5\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/
          && ($1 >= 8 || $1 == 7 && $2 == 3)) {
          $test_target = "test_harness";
      }
      local $ENV{TEST_JOBS}=$self->{j}
        if $test_target eq "test_harness" && ($self->{j}||1) > 1;
  
      my @install_commands = ("${make} install" . ($destdir ? " DESTDIR=$destdir" : q||));
      unshift @install_commands, "${make} $test_target" unless $self->{notest};
      # Whats happening here? we optionally join with && based on $self->{force}, but then subsequently join with && anyway?
      @install_commands    = join " && ", @install_commands unless ($self->{force});
  
      my $cmd = join " && ",
      (
          @preconfigure_commands,
          @configure_commands,
          @build_commands,
          @install_commands
      );
  
      $self->{log_file}->unlink;
  
      if ($self->{verbose}) {
          $cmd = "($cmd) 2>&1 | tee $self->{log_file}";
          print "$cmd\n" if $self->{verbose};
      } else {
          $cmd = "($cmd) >> '$self->{log_file}' 2>&1 ";
      }
  
      delete $ENV{$_} for qw(PERL5LIB PERL5OPT AWKPATH);
  
      if ($self->do_system($cmd)) {
          my $newperl = $self->root->perls ($installation_name)->perl;
          unless (-e $newperl) {
              $self->run_command_symlink_executables($installation_name);
          }
  
          eval { $self->append_log('##### Brew Finished #####') };
  
          if ($sitecustomize) {
              my $capture = $self->do_capture("$newperl -V:sitelib");
              my ($sitelib) = $capture =~ m/sitelib='([^']*)';/;
              $sitelib = $destdir . $sitelib if $destdir;
  			$sitelib = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($sitelib);
              $sitelib->mkpath;
              my $target = $sitelib->child ("sitecustomize.pl");
              open my $dst, ">", $target
                  or die "Could not open '$target' for writing: $!\n";
              open my $src, "<", $sitecustomize
                  or die "Could not open '$sitecustomize' for reading: $!\n";
              print {$dst} do { local $/; <$src> };
          }
  
          my $version_file =
            $self->root->perls ($installation_name)->version_file;
  
          if (-e $version_file) {
              $version_file->unlink
                or die "Could not unlink $version_file file: $!\n";
          }
  
          print "$installation_name is successfully installed.\n";
      }
      else {
          eval { $self->append_log('##### Brew Failed #####') };
          die $self->INSTALLATION_FAILURE_MESSAGE;
      }
      return;
  }
  
  sub do_install_program_from_url {
      my ($self, $url, $program_name, $body_filter) = @_;
  
      my $out = $self->root->bin ($program_name);
  
      if (-f $out && !$self->{force} && !$self->{yes}) {
          require ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
  
          my $ans = ExtUtils::MakeMaker::prompt("\n$out already exists, are you sure to override ? [y/N]", "N");
  
          if ($ans !~ /^Y/i) {
              print "\n$program_name installation skipped.\n\n" unless $self->{quiet};
              return;
          }
      }
  
      my $body = http_get($url) or die "\nERROR: Failed to retrieve $program_name executable.\n\n";
  
      unless ($body =~ m{\A#!/}s) {
          my $x = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($self->env('TMPDIR') || "/tmp", "${program_name}.downloaded.$$");
          my $message = "\nERROR: The downloaded $program_name program seem to be invalid. Please check if the following URL can be reached correctly\n\n\t$url\n\n...and try again latter.";
  
          unless (-f $x) {
              open my $OUT, ">", $x;
              print $OUT $body;
              close($OUT);
              $message .= "\n\nThe previously downloaded file is saved at $x for manual inspection.\n\n";
          }
  
          die $message;
      }
  
      if ($body_filter && ref($body_filter) eq "CODE") {
          $body = $body_filter->($body);
      }
  
      $self->root->bin->mkpath;
      open my $OUT, '>', $out or die "cannot open file($out): $!";
      print $OUT $body;
      close $OUT;
      chmod 0755, $out;
      print "\n$program_name is installed to\n\n    $out\n\n" unless $self->{quiet};
  }
  
  sub do_exit_with_error_code {
    my ($self, $code) = @_;
    exit($code);
  }
  
  sub do_system_with_exit_code {
    my ($self, @cmd) = @_;
    return system(@cmd);
  }
  
  sub do_system {
    my ($self, @cmd) = @_;
    return ! $self->do_system_with_exit_code(@cmd);
  }
  
  sub do_capture {
    my ($self, @cmd) = @_;
    require Capture::Tiny;
    return Capture::Tiny::capture(sub {
      $self->do_system(@cmd);
    });
  }
  
  sub format_perl_version {
      my $self    = shift;
      my $version = shift;
      return sprintf "%d.%d.%d",
        substr($version, 0, 1),
        substr($version, 2, 3),
        substr($version, 5) || 0;
  
  }
  
  sub installed_perls {
      my $self    = shift;
  
      my @result;
      my $root = $self->root;
  
      for my $installation ($root->perls->list) {
          my $name         = $installation->name;
          my $executable   = $installation->perl;
          next unless -f $executable;
  
          my $version_file = $installation->version_file;
          my $ctime        = localtime((stat $executable)[ 10 ]); # localtime in scalar context!
  
          my $orig_version;
          if (-e $version_file) {
              open my $fh, '<', $version_file;
              local $/;
              $orig_version = <$fh>;
              chomp $orig_version;
          } else {
              $orig_version = `$executable -e 'print \$]'`;
              if (defined $orig_version and length $orig_version) {
                  if (open my $fh, '>', $version_file ) {
                      print {$fh} $orig_version;
                  }
              }
          }
  
          push @result, {
              name        => $name,
              orig_version=> $orig_version,
              version     => $self->format_perl_version($orig_version),
              is_current  => ($self->current_perl eq $name) && !($self->current_lib),
              libs => [ $self->local_libs($name) ],
              executable  => $executable,
              dir => $installation,
              comparable_version => $self->comparable_perl_version($orig_version),
              ctime        => $ctime,
          };
      }
  
      return sort { ( $self->{reverse}
                    ? ( $a->{comparable_version} <=> $b->{comparable_version} or $b->{name} cmp $a->{name} )
                    : ( $b->{comparable_version} <=> $a->{comparable_version} or $a->{name} cmp $b->{name} ) ) } @result;
  }
  
  sub compose_locallib {
  	my ($self, $perl_name, $lib_name) = @_;
  
  	return join '@', $perl_name, $lib_name;
  }
  
  sub decompose_locallib {
  	my ($self, $name) = @_;
  
  	return split '@', $name;
  }
  
  sub enforce_localib {
  	my ($self, $name) = @_;
  
      $name =~ s/^/@/ unless $name =~ m/@/;
  
  	return $name;
  }
  
  sub local_libs {
      my ($self, $perl_name) = @_;
  
      my $current = $self->current_env;
      my @libs = map {
          my $name = $_->basename;
          my ($p, $l) = $self->decompose_locallib ($name);
          +{
              name       => $name,
              is_current => $name eq $current,
              perl_name  => $p,
              lib_name   => $l,
              dir        => $_,
          }
      } $self->home->child ("libs")->children;
      if ($perl_name) {
          @libs = grep { $perl_name eq $_->{perl_name} } @libs;
      }
      return @libs;
  }
  
  sub is_installed {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
  
      return grep { $name eq $_->{name} } $self->installed_perls;
  }
  
  sub assert_known_installation {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
      return 1 if $self->is_installed($name);
      die "ERROR: The installation \"$name\" is unknown\n\n";
  }
  
  # Return a hash of PERLBREW_* variables
  sub perlbrew_env {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
      my ($perl_name, $lib_name);
  
      if ($name) {
          ($perl_name, $lib_name) = $self->resolve_installation_name($name);
  
          unless ($perl_name) {
              die "\nERROR: The installation \"$name\" is unknown.\n\n";
          }
  
          unless (!$lib_name || grep { $_->{lib_name} eq $lib_name } $self->local_libs($perl_name)) {
              die "\nERROR: The lib name \"$lib_name\" is unknown.\n\n";
          }
      }
  
      my %env = (
          PERLBREW_VERSION => $VERSION,
          PERLBREW_PATH    => $self->root->bin,
          PERLBREW_MANPATH => "",
          PERLBREW_ROOT => $self->root
      );
  
      require local::lib;
      my $pb_home = $self->home;
      my $current_local_lib_root = $self->env("PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT") || "";
      my $current_local_lib_context = local::lib->new;
      my @perlbrew_local_lib_root =  uniq(grep { /\Q${pb_home}\E/ } split(/:/, $current_local_lib_root));
      if ($current_local_lib_root =~ /^\Q${pb_home}\E/) {
          $current_local_lib_context = $current_local_lib_context->activate($_) for @perlbrew_local_lib_root;
      }
  
      if ($perl_name) {
          my $installation = $self->root->perls ($perl_name);
          if(-d $installation->child("bin")) {
              $env{PERLBREW_PERL}    = $perl_name;
              $env{PERLBREW_PATH}   .= ":" . $installation->child ("bin");
              $env{PERLBREW_MANPATH} = $installation->child ("man")
          }
  
          if ($lib_name) {
              $current_local_lib_context = $current_local_lib_context->deactivate($_) for @perlbrew_local_lib_root;
  
              my $base = $self->home->child ("libs", "${perl_name}\@${lib_name}");
  
              if (-d $base) {
                  $current_local_lib_context = $current_local_lib_context->activate($base);
  
                  if ($self->env('PERLBREW_LIB_PREFIX')) {
                      unshift
                          @{$current_local_lib_context->libs},
                              $self->env('PERLBREW_LIB_PREFIX');
                  }
  
                  $env{PERLBREW_PATH}    = $base->child ("bin") . ":" . $env{PERLBREW_PATH};
                  $env{PERLBREW_MANPATH} = $base->child ("man") . ":" . $env{PERLBREW_MANPATH};
                  $env{PERLBREW_LIB}  = $lib_name;
              }
          } else {
              $current_local_lib_context = $current_local_lib_context->deactivate($_) for @perlbrew_local_lib_root;
              $env{PERLBREW_LIB} = undef;
          }
  
          my %ll_env = $current_local_lib_context->build_environment_vars;
          delete $ll_env{PATH};
          for my $key (keys %ll_env) {
              $env{$key} = $ll_env{$key};
          }
      } else {
          $current_local_lib_context = $current_local_lib_context->deactivate($_) for @perlbrew_local_lib_root;
  
          my %ll_env = $current_local_lib_context->build_environment_vars;
          delete $ll_env{PATH};
          for my $key (keys %ll_env) {
              $env{$key} = $ll_env{$key};
          }
          $env{PERLBREW_LIB} = undef;
          $env{PERLBREW_PERL} = undef;
      }
  
      return %env;
  }
  
  sub run_command_list {
      my $self       = shift;
      my $is_verbose = $self->{verbose};
  
      for my $i ($self->installed_perls) {
          printf "%-2s%-20s %-20s %s\n",
              $i->{is_current} ? '*' : '',
              $i->{name},
              ( $is_verbose ?
                  (index($i->{name}, $i->{version}) < 0) ? "($i->{version})" : ''
                : '' ),
              ( $is_verbose ? "(installed on $i->{ctime})" : '' );
  
          for my $lib (@{$i->{libs}}) {
              print $lib->{is_current} ? "* " : "  ",
                  $lib->{name}, "\n"
          }
      }
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub launch_sub_shell {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
      my $shell = $self->env('SHELL');
  
      my $shell_opt = "";
  
      if ($shell =~ /\/zsh\d?$/) {
          $shell_opt = "-d -f";
  
          if ($^O eq 'darwin') {
              my $root_dir = $self->root;
              print <<"WARNINGONMAC"
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  WARNING: zsh perlbrew sub-shell is not working on Mac OSX Lion.
  
  It is known that on MacOS Lion, zsh always resets the value of PATH on launching
  a sub-shell. Effectively nullify the changes required by perlbrew sub-shell. You
  may `echo \$PATH` to examine it and if you see perlbrew related paths are in the
  end, instead of in the beginning, you are unfortunate.
  
  You are advised to include the following line to your ~/.zshenv as a better
  way to work with perlbrew:
  
      source $root_dir/etc/bashrc
  
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  WARNINGONMAC
  
          }
      }
  
      my %env = ($self->perlbrew_env($name), PERLBREW_SKIP_INIT => 1);
  
      unless ($ENV{PERLBREW_VERSION}) {
          my $root = $self->root;
          # The user does not source bashrc/csh in their shell initialization.
          $env{PATH}    = $env{PERLBREW_PATH}    . ":" . join ":", grep { !/$root\/bin/ } split ":", $ENV{PATH};
          $env{MANPATH} = $env{PERLBREW_MANPATH} . ":" . join ":", grep { !/$root\/man/ }
              ( defined($ENV{MANPATH}) ? split(":", $ENV{MANPATH}) : () );
      }
  
      my $command = "env ";
      while (my ($k, $v) = each(%env)) {
          no warnings "uninitialized";
          $command .= "$k=\"$v\" ";
      }
      $command .= " $shell $shell_opt";
  
      my $pretty_name = defined($name) ? $name : "the default perl";
      print "\nA sub-shell is launched with $pretty_name as the activated perl. Run 'exit' to finish it.\n\n";
      exec($command);
  }
  
  sub run_command_use {
      my $self = shift;
      my $perl = shift;
  
      if ( !$perl ) {
          my $current = $self->current_env;
          if ($current) {
              print "Currently using $current\n";
          } else {
              print "No version in use; defaulting to system\n";
          }
          return;
      }
  
      $self->launch_sub_shell($perl);
  
  }
  
  sub run_command_switch {
      my ($self, $dist, $alias) = @_;
  
      unless ( $dist ) {
          my $current = $self->current_env;
          printf "Currently switched %s\n",
              ( $current ? "to $current" : 'off' );
          return;
      }
  
      $self->switch_to($dist, $alias);
  }
  
  sub switch_to {
      my ($self, $dist, $alias) = @_;
  
      die "Cannot use for alias something that starts with 'perl-'\n"
        if $alias && $alias =~ /^perl-/;
  
      die "${dist} is not installed\n" unless -d $self->root->perls ($dist);
  
      if ($self->env("PERLBREW_SHELLRC_VERSION") && $self->current_shell_is_bashish) {
          local $ENV{PERLBREW_PERL} = $dist;
          my $HOME = $self->env('HOME');
          my $pb_home = $self->home;
  
          $pb_home->mkpath;
          system("$0 env $dist > " . $pb_home->child ("init"));
  
          print "Switched to $dist.\n\n";
      }
      else {
          $self->launch_sub_shell($dist);
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_off {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->launch_sub_shell;
  }
  
  sub run_command_switch_off {
      my $self = shift;
      my $pb_home = $self->home;
  
      $pb_home->mkpath;
      system("env PERLBREW_PERL= $0 env > " . $pb_home->child ("init"));
  
      print "\nperlbrew is switched off. Please exit this shell and start a new one to make it effective.\n";
      print "To immediately make it effective, run this line in this terminal:\n\n    exec @{[ $self->env('SHELL') ]}\n\n";
  }
  
  sub run_command_env {
      my($self, $name) = @_;
  
      my %env = $self->perlbrew_env($name);
  
      my @statements;
      for my $k (sort keys %env) {
          my $v = $env{$k};
          if (defined($v) && $v ne '') {
              $v =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g;
              push @statements, ["set", $k, $v];
          } else {
              if (exists $ENV{$k}) {
                  push @statements, ["unset", $k];
              }
          }
      }
  
      if ($self->env('SHELL') =~ /(ba|k|z|\/)sh\d?$/) {
          for (@statements) {
              my ($o, $k, $v) = @$_;
              if ($o eq 'unset') {
                  print "unset $k\n";
              } else {
                  $v =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g;
                  print "export $k=\"$v\"\n";
              }
          }
      } else {
          for (@statements) {
              my ($o, $k, $v) = @$_;
              if ($o eq 'unset') {
                  print "unsetenv $k\n";
              } else {
                  print "setenv $k \"$v\"\n";
              }
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_symlink_executables {
      my($self, @perls) = @_;
      my $root = $self->root;
  
      unless (@perls) {
          @perls = map { $_->name } grep { -d $_ && ! -l $_ } $root->perls->list;
      }
  
      for my $perl (@perls) {
          for my $executable ($root->perls ($perl)->bin->children) {
              my ($name, $version) = $executable =~ m/bin\/(.+?)(5\.\d.*)?$/;
              next unless $version;
  
  			$executable->symlink ($root->perls ($perl)->bin($name));
  			$executable->symlink ($root->perls ($perl)->perl) if $name eq "cperl";
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_install_patchperl {
      my ($self) = @_;
      $self->do_install_program_from_url(
          'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gugod/patchperl-packing/master/patchperl',
          'patchperl',
          sub {
              my ($body) = @_;
              $body =~ s/\A#!.+?\n/ $self->system_perl_shebang . "\n" /se;
              return $body;
          }
      );
  }
  
  sub run_command_install_cpanm {
      my ($self) = @_;
      $self->do_install_program_from_url('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/miyagawa/cpanminus/master/cpanm' => 'cpanm');
  }
  
  sub run_command_install_cpm {
      my ($self) = @_;
      $self->do_install_program_from_url('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/skaji/cpm/master/cpm' => 'cpm');
  }
  
  sub run_command_self_upgrade {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $TMPDIR = $ENV{TMPDIR} || "/tmp";
      my $TMP_PERLBREW = App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($TMPDIR, "perlbrew");
  
      require FindBin;
      unless (-w $FindBin::Bin) {
          die "Your perlbrew installation appears to be system-wide.  Please upgrade through your package manager.\n";
      }
  
      http_get('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gugod/App-perlbrew/master/perlbrew', undef, sub {
          my ($body) = @_;
  
          open my $fh, '>', $TMP_PERLBREW or die "Unable to write perlbrew: $!";
          print $fh $body;
          close $fh;
      });
  
      chmod 0755, $TMP_PERLBREW;
      my $new_version = qx($TMP_PERLBREW version);
      chomp $new_version;
      if ($new_version =~ /App::perlbrew\/(\d+\.\d+)$/) {
          $new_version = $1;
      } else {
          die "Unable to detect version of new perlbrew!\n";
      }
      if ($new_version <= $VERSION) {
          print "Your perlbrew is up-to-date.\n";
          return;
      }
      system $TMP_PERLBREW, "self-install";
      $TMP_PERLBREW->unlink;
  }
  
  sub run_command_uninstall {
      my ($self, $target) = @_;
  
      unless ($target) {
          $self->run_command_help("uninstall");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      my @installed = $self->installed_perls(@_);
  
      my ($to_delete) = grep { $_->{name} eq $target } @installed;
  
      die "'$target' is not installed\n" unless $to_delete;
  
      my @dir_to_delete;
      for (@{$to_delete->{libs}}) {
          push @dir_to_delete, $_->{dir};
      }
      push @dir_to_delete, $to_delete->{dir};
  
      my $ans = ($self->{yes}) ? "Y": undef;
      if (!defined($ans)) {
          require ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
          $ans = ExtUtils::MakeMaker::prompt("\nThe following perl+lib installation(s) will be deleted:\n\n\t" . join("\n\t", @dir_to_delete) . "\n\n... are you sure ? [y/N]", "N");
      }
  
      if ($ans =~ /^Y/i) {
          for (@dir_to_delete) {
              print "Deleting: $_\n" unless $self->{quiet};
              App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($_)->rmpath;
              print "Deleted:  $_\n" unless $self->{quiet};
          }
      } else {
          print "\nOK. Not deleting anything.\n\n";
          return;
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_exec {
      my $self = shift;
      my %opts;
  
      local (@ARGV) = @{$self->{original_argv}};
  
      Getopt::Long::Configure ('require_order');
      my @command_options = ('with=s', 'halt-on-error', 'min=s', 'max=s');
  
      $self->parse_cmdline (\%opts, @command_options);
      shift @ARGV; # "exec"
      $self->parse_cmdline (\%opts, @command_options);
  
      my @exec_with;
      if ($opts{with}) {
          my %installed = map { $_->{name} => $_ } map { ($_, @{$_->{libs}}) } $self->installed_perls;
  
          my $d = ($opts{with} =~ m/ /) ? qr( +) : qr(,+);
          my @with = grep { $_ } map {
              my ($p, $l) = $self->resolve_installation_name($_);
              $p .= "\@$l" if $l;
              $p;
          } split $d, $opts{with};
  
          @exec_with = map { $installed{$_} } @with;
      }
      else {
          @exec_with = map { ($_, @{$_->{libs}}) } $self->installed_perls;
      }
  
      if ($opts{min}) {
          # TODO use comparable version.
          # For now, it doesn't produce consistent results for 5.026001 and 5.26.1
          @exec_with = grep { $_->{orig_version} >= $opts{min} } @exec_with;
      };
  
      if ($opts{max}) {
          @exec_with = grep { $_->{orig_version} <= $opts{max} } @exec_with;
      };
  
      if (0 == @exec_with) {
          print "No perl installation found.\n" unless $self->{quiet};
      }
  
      my $no_header = 0;
      if (1 == @exec_with) {
          $no_header = 1;
      }
  
      my $overall_success = 1;
      for my $i ( @exec_with ) {
          next if -l $self->root->perls ($i->{name}); # Skip Aliases
          my %env = $self->perlbrew_env($i->{name});
          next if !$env{PERLBREW_PERL};
  
          local %ENV = %ENV;
          $ENV{$_} = defined $env{$_} ? $env{$_} : '' for keys %env;
          $ENV{PATH}    = join(':', $env{PERLBREW_PATH}, $ENV{PATH});
          $ENV{MANPATH} = join(':', $env{PERLBREW_MANPATH}, $ENV{MANPATH}||"");
          $ENV{PERL5LIB} = $env{PERL5LIB} || "";
  
          print "$i->{name}\n==========\n" unless $no_header || $self->{quiet};
  
          if (my $err = $self->do_system_with_exit_code(@ARGV)) {
              my $exit_code = $err >> 8;
              # return 255 for case when process was terminated with signal, in that case real exit code is useless and weird
              $exit_code = 255 if $exit_code > 255;
              $overall_success = 0;
  
              unless ($self->{quiet}) {
                  print "Command terminated with non-zero status.\n";
  
                  print STDERR "Command [" .
                      join(' ', map { /\s/ ? "'$_'" : $_ } @ARGV) . # trying reverse shell escapes - quote arguments containing spaces
                      "] terminated with exit code $exit_code (\$? = $err) under the following perl environment:\n";
                  print STDERR $self->format_info_output;
              }
  
              $self->do_exit_with_error_code($exit_code) if ($opts{'halt-on-error'});
          }
          print "\n" unless $self->{quiet} || $no_header;
      }
      $self->do_exit_with_error_code(1) unless $overall_success;
  }
  
  sub run_command_clean {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $root = $self->root;
      my @build_dirs = $root->build->children;
  
      for my $dir (@build_dirs) {
          print "Removing $dir\n";
          App::Perlbrew::Path->new ($dir)->rmpath;
      }
  
      my @tarballs = $root->dists->children;
      for my $file ( @tarballs ) {
          print "Removing $file\n";
          $file->unlink;
      }
  
      print "\nDone\n";
  }
  
  sub run_command_alias {
      my ($self, $cmd, $name, $alias) = @_;
  
      unless ($cmd) {
          $self->run_command_help("alias");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      my $path_name  = $self->root->perls ($name) if $name;
      my $path_alias = $self->root->perls ($alias) if $alias;
  
      if ($alias && -e $path_alias && !-l $path_alias) {
          die "\nABORT: The installation name `$alias` is not an alias, cannot override.\n\n";
      }
  
      if ($cmd eq 'create') {
          $self->assert_known_installation($name);
  
          if ($self->is_installed($alias) && !$self->{force}) {
              die "\nABORT: The installation `${alias}` already exists. Cannot override.\n\n";
          }
  
          $path_alias->unlink;
          $path_name->symlink ($path_alias);
      }
      elsif ($cmd eq 'delete') {
          $self->assert_known_installation($name);
  
          unless (-l $path_name) {
              die "\nABORT: The installation name `$name` is not an alias, cannot remove.\n\n";
          }
  
          $path_name->unlink;
      }
      elsif ($cmd eq 'rename') {
          $self->assert_known_installation($name);
  
          unless (-l $path_name) {
              die "\nABORT: The installation name `$name` is not an alias, cannot rename.\n\n";
          }
  
          if (-l $path_alias && !$self->{force}) {
              die "\nABORT: The alias `$alias` already exists, cannot rename to it.\n\n";
          }
  
          rename($path_name, $path_alias);
      }
      elsif ($cmd eq 'help') {
          $self->run_command_help("alias");
      }
      else {
          die "\nERROR: Unrecognized action: `${cmd}`.\n\n";
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_bashrc {
      print BASHRC_CONTENT();
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_cshrc {
      print CSHRC_CONTENT();
  }
  
  sub run_command_display_installation_failure_message {
      my ($self) = @_;
  }
  
  sub run_command_lib {
      my ($self, $subcommand, @args) = @_;
  
      unless ($subcommand) {
          $self->run_command_help("lib");
          exit(-1);
      }
  
      my $sub = "run_command_lib_$subcommand";
      if ($self->can($sub)) {
          $self->$sub(@args);
      }
      else {
          print "Unknown command: $subcommand\n";
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_lib_create {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
  
      die "ERROR: No lib name\n", $self->run_command_help("lib", undef, 'return_text') unless $name;
  
      $name = $self->enforce_localib ($name);
  
      my ($perl_name, $lib_name) = $self->resolve_installation_name($name);
  
      if (!$perl_name) {
          my ($perl_name, $lib_name) = $self->decompose_locallib ($name);
          die "ERROR: '$perl_name' is not installed yet, '$name' cannot be created.\n";
      }
  
      my $fullname = $self->compose_locallib ($perl_name, $lib_name);
      my $dir = $self->home->child ("libs", $fullname);
  
      if (-d $dir) {
          die "$fullname is already there.\n";
      }
  
      $dir->mkpath;
  
      print "lib '$fullname' is created.\n"
          unless $self->{quiet};
  
      return;
  }
  
  sub run_command_lib_delete {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
  
      die "ERROR: No lib to delete\n", $self->run_command_help("lib", undef, 'return_text') unless $name;
  
      $name = $self->enforce_localib ($name);
  
      my ($perl_name, $lib_name) = $self->resolve_installation_name($name);
  
      my $fullname = $self->compose_locallib ($perl_name, $lib_name);
  
      my $current  = $self->current_env;
  
      my $dir = $self->home->child ("libs", $fullname);
  
      if (-d $dir) {
  
          if ($fullname eq $current) {
              die "$fullname is currently being used in the current shell, it cannot be deleted.\n";
          }
  
          $dir->rmpath;
  
          print "lib '$fullname' is deleted.\n"
              unless $self->{quiet};
      }
      else {
          die "ERROR: '$fullname' does not exist.\n";
      }
  
      return;
  }
  
  sub run_command_lib_list {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $dir = $self->home->child ("libs");
      return unless -d $dir;
  
      opendir my $dh, $dir or die "open $dir failed: $!";
      my @libs = grep { !/^\./ && /\@/ } readdir($dh);
  
      my $current = $self->current_env;
      for (@libs) {
          print $current eq $_ ? "* " : "  ";
          print "$_\n";
      }
  }
  
  sub run_command_upgrade_perl {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      my $PERL_VERSION_RE = qr/(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/;
  
      my ($current) = grep { $_->{is_current} } $self->installed_perls;
  
      unless (defined $current) {
          print "no perlbrew environment is currently in use\n";
          exit(1);
      }
  
      my ($major, $minor, $release);
  
      if ($current->{version} =~ /^$PERL_VERSION_RE$/) {
          ($major, $minor, $release) = ($1, $2, $3);
      } else {
          print "unable to parse version '$current->{version}'\n";
          exit(1);
      }
  
      my @available = grep {
          /^perl-$major\.$minor/
      } $self->available_perls;
  
      my $latest_available_perl = $release;
  
      foreach my $perl (@available) {
          if ($perl =~ /^perl-$PERL_VERSION_RE$/) {
              my $this_release = $3;
              if ($this_release > $latest_available_perl) {
                  $latest_available_perl = $this_release;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if ($latest_available_perl == $release) {
          print "This perlbrew environment ($current->{name}) is already up-to-date.\n";
          exit(0);
      }
  
      my $dist_version = "$major.$minor.$latest_available_perl";
      my $dist         = "perl-$dist_version";
  
      print "Upgrading $current->{name} to $dist_version\n" unless $self->{quiet};
      local $self->{as}        = $current->{name};
      local $self->{dist_name} = $dist;
  
      require Config ;
      my @d_options = map { '-D' . $flavor{$_}->{d_option}} keys %flavor ;
      my %sub_config = map { $_ => $Config{$_}} grep { /^config_arg\d/} keys %Config ;
      for my $value (values %sub_config) {
          my $value_wo_D = $value;
          $value_wo_D =~ s/^-D//;
          push @{$self->{D}} , $value_wo_D if grep {/$value/} @d_options;
      }
  
      $self->do_install_release($dist, $dist_version);
  }
  
  # Executes the list-modules command.
  # This routine launches a new perl instance that, thru
  # ExtUtils::Installed prints out all the modules
  # in the system. If an argument is passed to the
  # subroutine it is managed as a filename
  # to which prints the list of modules.
  sub run_command_list_modules {
      my ($self, $output_filename) = @_;
      my $class = ref($self) || __PACKAGE__;
  
      # avoid something that does not seem as a filename to print
      # output to...
      undef $output_filename if (! scalar($output_filename));
  
      my $name = $self->current_env;
      if (-l (my $path = $self->root->perls ($name))) {
          $name = $path->readlink->basename;
      }
  
      my $app = $class->new(
          qw(--quiet exec --with),
          $name,
          'perl',
          '-MExtUtils::Installed',
          '-le',
          sprintf('BEGIN{@INC=grep {$_ ne q!.!} @INC}; %s print {%s} $_ for grep {$_ ne q!Perl!} ExtUtils::Installed->new->modules;',
                  $output_filename ? sprintf('open my $output_fh, \'>\', "%s"; ', $output_filename) : '',
                  $output_filename ? '$output_fh' : 'STDOUT')
      );
  
      $app->run;
  }
  
  sub resolve_installation_name {
      my ($self, $name) = @_;
      die "App::perlbrew->resolve_installation_name requires one argument." unless $name;
  
      my ($perl_name, $lib_name) = $self->decompose_locallib ($name);
      $perl_name = $name unless $lib_name;
      $perl_name ||= $self->current_perl;
  
      if (!$self->is_installed($perl_name)) {
          if ($self->is_installed("perl-${perl_name}") ) {
              $perl_name = "perl-${perl_name}";
          }
          else {
              return undef;
          }
      }
  
      return wantarray ? ($perl_name, $lib_name) : $perl_name;
  }
  
  # Implementation of the 'clone-modules' command.
  #
  # This method accepts a destination and source installation
  # of Perl to clone modules from and into.
  # For instance calling
  # $app->run_command_clone_modules($perl_a, $perl_b);
  # installs all modules that have been installed on Perl A
  # to the instance of Perl B.
  # The source instance is optional, that is if the method
  # is invoked with a single argument, the currently
  # running instance is used as source. Therefore the
  # two following calls are the same:
  #
  # $app->run_command_clone_modules( $self->current_perl, $perl_b );
  # $app->run_command_clone_modules( $perl_b );
  #
  # Of course, both Perl installation must exist on this
  # perlbrew enviroment.
  #
  # The method extracts the modules installed on the source Perl
  # instance and put them on a temporary file, such file is then
  # passed to another instance of the application to
  # execute cpanm on it. The final result is the installation
  # of source modules into the destination instance.
  sub run_command_clone_modules {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # default to use the currently installation
      my ( $dst_perl, $src_perl );
  
      # the first argument is the destination, the second
      # optional argument is the source version, default
      # to use the current installation
      $dst_perl = pop || $self->current_env;
      $src_perl = pop || $self->current_env;
  
  
      # check source and destination do exist
      undef $src_perl if (! $self->resolve_installation_name($src_perl));
      undef $dst_perl if (! $self->resolve_installation_name($dst_perl));
  
      if ( ! $src_perl
           || ! $dst_perl
           || $src_perl eq $dst_perl ){
          # cannot understand from where to where or
          # the user did specify the same versions
          $self->run_command_help('clone-modules');
          exit(-1);
      }
  
  
      # I need to run an application to do the module listing.
      # and get the result back so to handle it and pass
      # to the exec subroutine. The solution I found so far
      # is to store the result in a temp file (the list_modules
      # uses a sub-perl process, so there is no way to pass a
      # filehandle or something similar).
      my $class = ref($self);
      require File::Temp;
      my $modules_fh = File::Temp->new;
  
      # list all the modules and place them in the output file
      my $src_app = $class->new(
          qw(--quiet exec --with),
          $src_perl,
          'perl',
          '-MExtUtils::Installed',
          '-le',
          sprintf('BEGIN{@INC=grep {$_ ne q!.!} @INC}; open my $output_fh, ">", "%s"; print {$output_fh} $_ for ExtUtils::Installed->new->modules;',
                  $modules_fh->filename )
          );
  
      $src_app->run;
  
      # here I should have the list of modules into the
      # temporary file name, so I can ask the destination
      # perl instance to install such list
      $modules_fh->close;
      open $modules_fh, '<', $modules_fh->filename;
      chomp(my @modules_to_install = <$modules_fh>);
      $modules_fh->close;
      die "\nNo modules installed on $src_perl !\n" if (! @modules_to_install);
      print "\nInstalling $#modules_to_install modules from $src_perl to $dst_perl ...\n";
  
      # create a new application to 'exec' the 'cpanm'
      # with the specified module list
  
      my $app = $class->new(
          qw(--quiet exec --with),
          $dst_perl,
          'cpanm',
          @modules_to_install
          );
  
      $app->run;
  
  }
  
  sub format_info_output
  {
      my ($self, $module) = @_;
  
      my $out = '';
  
      $out .= "Current perl:\n";
      if ($self->current_perl) {
          $out .= "  Name: " . $self->current_env . "\n";
          $out .= "  Path: " . $self->installed_perl_executable($self->current_perl) . "\n";
          $out .= "  Config: " . $self->configure_args($self->current_perl) . "\n";
          $out .= join('', "  Compiled at: ", (map {
              /  Compiled at (.+)\n/ ? $1 : ()
          } `@{[ $self->installed_perl_executable($self->current_perl) ]} -V`), "\n");
      }
      else {
          $out .= "Using system perl." . "\n";
          $out .= "Shebang: " . $self->system_perl_shebang . "\n";
      }
  
      $out .= "\nperlbrew:\n";
      $out .= "  version: " . $self->VERSION . "\n";
      $out .= "  ENV:\n";
      for(map{"PERLBREW_$_"}qw(ROOT HOME PATH MANPATH)) {
          $out .= "    $_: " . ($self->env($_)||"") . "\n";
      }
  
      if ($module) {
          my $code = qq{eval "require $module" and do { (my \$f = "$module") =~ s<::></>g; \$f .= ".pm"; print "$module\n  Location: \$INC{\$f}\n  Version: " . ($module->VERSION ? $module->VERSION : "no VERSION specified" ) } or do { print "$module could not be found, is it installed?" } };
          $out .= "\nModule: ".$self->do_capture($self->installed_perl_executable($self->current_perl), "-le", $code);
      }
  
      $out;
  }
  
  sub run_command_info {
      my ($self) = shift;
      print $self->format_info_output(@_);
  }
  
  sub BASHRC_CONTENT() {
      return "export PERLBREW_SHELLRC_VERSION=$VERSION\n" .
             (exists $ENV{PERLBREW_ROOT} ? "export PERLBREW_ROOT=$PERLBREW_ROOT\n" : "") . "\n" . <<'RC';
  
  __perlbrew_reinit() {
      if [[ ! -d "$PERLBREW_HOME" ]]; then
          mkdir -p "$PERLBREW_HOME"
      fi
  
      [ -f "$PERLBREW_HOME/init" ] && rm "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      echo '# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE' > "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      command perlbrew env $1 | \grep PERLBREW_ >> "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      . "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      __perlbrew_set_path
  }
  
  __perlbrew_purify () {
      local path patharray outsep
      IFS=: read -r${BASH_VERSION+a}${ZSH_VERSION+A} patharray <<< "$1"
      for path in "${patharray[@]}" ; do
          case "$path" in
              (*"$PERLBREW_HOME"*) ;;
              (*"$PERLBREW_ROOT"*) ;;
              (*) printf '%s' "$outsep$path" ; outsep=: ;;
          esac
      done
  }
  
  __perlbrew_set_path () {
      export MANPATH=$PERLBREW_MANPATH${PERLBREW_MANPATH:+:}$(__perlbrew_purify "$(manpath 2>/dev/null)")
      export PATH=${PERLBREW_PATH:-$PERLBREW_ROOT/bin}:$(__perlbrew_purify "$PATH")
      hash -r
  }
  
  __perlbrew_set_env() {
      local code
      code="$($perlbrew_command env $@)" || return $?
      eval "$code"
  }
  
  __perlbrew_activate() {
      [[ -n $(alias perl 2>/dev/null) ]] && unalias perl 2>/dev/null
  
      if [[ -n "$PERLBREW_PERL" ]]; then
          __perlbrew_set_env "$PERLBREW_PERL${PERLBREW_LIB:+@}$PERLBREW_LIB"
      fi
  
      __perlbrew_set_path
  }
  
  __perlbrew_deactivate() {
      __perlbrew_set_env
      unset PERLBREW_PERL
      unset PERLBREW_LIB
      __perlbrew_set_path
  }
  
  perlbrew () {
      local exit_status
      local short_option
      export SHELL
  
      if [[ $1 == -* ]]; then
          short_option=$1
          shift
      else
          short_option=""
      fi
  
      case $1 in
          (use)
              if [[ -z "$2" ]] ; then
                  echo -n "Currently using ${PERLBREW_PERL:-system perl}"
                  [ -n "$PERLBREW_LIB" ] && echo -n "@$PERLBREW_LIB"
                  echo
              else
                  __perlbrew_set_env "$2" && { __perlbrew_set_path ; true ; }
                  exit_status="$?"
              fi
              ;;
  
          (switch)
                if [[ -z "$2" ]] ; then
                    command perlbrew switch
                else
                    perlbrew use $2 && { __perlbrew_reinit $2 ; true ; }
                    exit_status=$?
                fi
                ;;
  
          (off)
              __perlbrew_deactivate
              echo "perlbrew is turned off."
              ;;
  
          (switch-off)
              __perlbrew_deactivate
              __perlbrew_reinit
              echo "perlbrew is switched off."
              ;;
  
          (*)
              command perlbrew $short_option "$@"
              exit_status=$?
              ;;
      esac
      hash -r
      return ${exit_status:-0}
  }
  
  [[ -z "$PERLBREW_ROOT" ]] && export PERLBREW_ROOT="$HOME/perl5/perlbrew"
  [[ -z "$PERLBREW_HOME" ]] && export PERLBREW_HOME="$HOME/.perlbrew"
  
  if [[ ! -n "$PERLBREW_SKIP_INIT" ]]; then
      if [[ -f "$PERLBREW_HOME/init" ]]; then
          . "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      fi
  fi
  
  perlbrew_bin_path="${PERLBREW_ROOT}/bin"
  if [[ -f $perlbrew_bin_path/perlbrew ]]; then
      perlbrew_command="$perlbrew_bin_path/perlbrew"
  else
      perlbrew_command="perlbrew"
  fi
  unset perlbrew_bin_path
  
  __perlbrew_activate
  
  RC
  
  }
  
  sub BASH_COMPLETION_CONTENT() {
      return <<'COMPLETION';
  if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
      autoload -U +X bashcompinit && bashcompinit
  fi
  
  export PERLBREW="command perlbrew"
  _perlbrew_compgen()
  {
      COMPREPLY=( $($PERLBREW compgen $COMP_CWORD ${COMP_WORDS[*]}) )
  }
  complete -F _perlbrew_compgen perlbrew
  COMPLETION
  }
  
  sub PERLBREW_FISH_CONTENT {
      return "set -x PERLBREW_SHELLRC_VERSION $VERSION\n" . <<'END';
  
  function __perlbrew_reinit
      if not test -d "$PERLBREW_HOME"
          mkdir -p "$PERLBREW_HOME"
      end
  
      echo '# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE' > "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      command perlbrew env $argv[1] | \grep PERLBREW_ >> "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      __source_init
      __perlbrew_set_path
  end
  
  function __perlbrew_set_path
      set -l MANPATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW (perl -e 'print join ":", grep { index($_, $ENV{PERLBREW_HOME}) < 0 } grep { index($_, $ENV{PERLBREW_ROOT}) < 0 } split/:/,qx(manpath 2> /dev/null);')
  
      if test -n "$PERLBREW_MANPATH"
          set -l PERLBREW_MANPATH $PERLBREW_MANPATH":"
          set -x MANPATH {$PERLBREW_MANPATH}{$MANPATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW}
      else
          set -x MANPATH $MANPATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW
      end
  
      set -l PATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW (eval $perlbrew_command display-pristine-path | perl -pe'y/:/ /')
  
      # silencing stderr in case there's a non-existent path in $PATH (see GH#446)
      if test -n "$PERLBREW_PATH"
          set -x PERLBREW_PATH (echo $PERLBREW_PATH | perl -pe 'y/:/ /' )
          eval set -x PATH $PERLBREW_PATH $PATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW 2> /dev/null
      else
          eval set -x PATH $PERLBREW_ROOT/bin $PATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW 2> /dev/null
      end
  end
  
  function __perlbrew_set_env
      set -l code (eval $perlbrew_command env $argv | perl -pe 's/^(export|setenv)/set -xg/; s/=/ /; s/^unset[env]*/set -eug/; s/$/;/; y/:/ /')
  
      if test -z "$code"
          return 0;
      else
          eval $code
      end
  end
  
  function __perlbrew_activate
      functions -e perl
  
      if test -n "$PERLBREW_PERL"
          if test -z "$PERLBREW_LIB"
              __perlbrew_set_env $PERLBREW_PERL
          else
              __perlbrew_set_env $PERLBREW_PERL@$PERLBREW_LIB
          end
      end
  
      __perlbrew_set_path
  end
  
  function __perlbrew_deactivate
      __perlbrew_set_env
      set -x PERLBREW_PERL
      set -x PERLBREW_LIB
      set -x PERLBREW_PATH
      __perlbrew_set_path
  end
  
  function perlbrew
  
      test -z "$argv"
      and echo "    Usage: perlbrew <command> [options] [arguments]"
      and echo "       or: perlbrew help"
      and return 1
  
      switch $argv[1]
          case use
              if test ( count $argv ) -eq 1
                  if test -z "$PERLBREW_PERL"
                      echo "Currently using system perl"
                  else
                      echo "Currently using $PERLBREW_PERL"
                  end
              else
                  __perlbrew_set_env $argv[2]
                  if test "$status" -eq 0
                      __perlbrew_set_path
                  end
              end
  
          case switch
              if test ( count $argv ) -eq 1
                  command perlbrew switch
              else
                  perlbrew use $argv[2]
                  if test "$status" -eq 0
                      __perlbrew_reinit $argv[2]
                  end
              end
  
          case off
              __perlbrew_deactivate
              echo "perlbrew is turned off."
  
          case switch-off
              __perlbrew_deactivate
              __perlbrew_reinit
              echo "perlbrew is switched off."
  
          case '*'
              command perlbrew $argv
      end
  end
  
  function __source_init
      perl -pe's/^(export|setenv)/set -xg/; s/=/ /; s/$/;/;' "$PERLBREW_HOME/init" | source
  end
  
  if test -z "$PERLBREW_ROOT"
      set -x PERLBREW_ROOT "$HOME/perl5/perlbrew"
  end
  
  if test -z "$PERLBREW_HOME"
      set -x PERLBREW_HOME "$HOME/.perlbrew"
  end
  
  if test -z "$PERLBREW_SKIP_INIT" -a -f "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      __source_init
  end
  
  set perlbrew_bin_path "$PERLBREW_ROOT/bin"
  
  if test -f "$perlbrew_bin_path/perlbrew"
      set perlbrew_command "$perlbrew_bin_path/perlbrew"
  else
      set perlbrew_command perlbrew
  end
  
  set -e perlbrew_bin_path
  
  __perlbrew_activate
  
  ## autocomplete stuff #############################################
  
  function __fish_perlbrew_needs_command
    set cmd (commandline -opc)
    if test (count $cmd) -eq 1 -a $cmd[1] = 'perlbrew'
      return 0
    end
    return 1
  end
  
  function __fish_perlbrew_using_command
    set cmd (commandline -opc)
    if test (count $cmd) -gt 1
      if [ $argv[1] = $cmd[2] ]
        return 0
      end
    end
  end
  
  for com in (perlbrew help | perl -ne'print lc if s/^COMMAND:\s+//')
      complete -f -c perlbrew -n '__fish_perlbrew_needs_command' -a $com
  end
  
  for com in switch use;
      complete -f -c perlbrew -n "__fish_perlbrew_using_command $com" \
          -a '(perlbrew list | perl -pe\'s/\*?\s*(\S+).*/$1/\')'
  end
  
  END
  }
  
  sub CSH_WRAPPER_CONTENT {
      return <<'WRAPPER';
  set perlbrew_exit_status=0
  
  if ( "$1" =~ -* ) then
      set perlbrew_short_option="$1"
      shift
  else
      set perlbrew_short_option=""
  endif
  
  switch ( "$1" )
      case use:
          if ( $%2 == 0 ) then
              if ( $?PERLBREW_PERL == 0 ) then
                  echo "Currently using system perl"
              else
                  if ( $%PERLBREW_PERL == 0 ) then
                      echo "Currently using system perl"
                  else
                      echo "Currently using $PERLBREW_PERL"
                  endif
              endif
          else
              set perlbrew_line_count=0
              foreach perlbrew_line ( "`\perlbrew env $2:q`" )
                  eval "$perlbrew_line"
                  @ perlbrew_line_count++
              end
              if ( $perlbrew_line_count == 0 ) then
                  set perlbrew_exit_status=1
              else
                  source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_set_path"
              endif
          endif
          breaksw
  
      case switch:
          if ( $%2 == 0 ) then
              \perlbrew switch
          else
              perlbrew use "$2" && source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_reinit" "$2"
          endif
          breaksw
  
      case off:
          unsetenv PERLBREW_PERL
          foreach perlbrew_line ( "`\perlbrew env`" )
              eval "$perlbrew_line"
          end
          source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_set_path"
          echo "perlbrew is turned off."
          breaksw
  
      case switch-off:
          unsetenv PERLBREW_PERL
          source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_reinit" ''
          echo "perlbrew is switched off."
          breaksw
  
      default:
          \perlbrew $perlbrew_short_option:q $argv:q
          set perlbrew_exit_status=$?
          breaksw
  endsw
  rehash
  exit $perlbrew_exit_status
  WRAPPER
  }
  
  sub CSH_REINIT_CONTENT {
      return <<'REINIT';
  if ( ! -d "$PERLBREW_HOME" ) then
      mkdir -p "$PERLBREW_HOME"
  endif
  
  echo '# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE' >! "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
  \perlbrew env $1 >> "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
  source "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
  source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_set_path"
  REINIT
  }
  
  sub CSH_SET_PATH_CONTENT {
      return <<'SETPATH';
  unalias perl
  
  if ( $?PERLBREW_PATH == 0 ) then
      setenv PERLBREW_PATH "$PERLBREW_ROOT/bin"
  endif
  
  setenv PATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW `perl -e 'print join ":", grep { index($_, $ENV{PERLBREW_ROOT}) } split/:/,$ENV{PATH};'`
  setenv PATH "${PERLBREW_PATH}:${PATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW}"
  
  setenv MANPATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW `perl -e 'print join ":", grep { index($_, $ENV{PERLBREW_ROOT}) } split/:/,qx(manpath 2> /dev/null);'`
  if ( $?PERLBREW_MANPATH == 1 ) then
      setenv MANPATH ${PERLBREW_MANPATH}:${MANPATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW}
  else
      setenv MANPATH ${MANPATH_WITHOUT_PERLBREW}
  endif
  SETPATH
  }
  
  sub CSHRC_CONTENT {
      return "setenv PERLBREW_SHELLRC_VERSION $VERSION\n\n" . <<'CSHRC';
  
  if ( $?PERLBREW_HOME == 0 ) then
      setenv PERLBREW_HOME "$HOME/.perlbrew"
  endif
  
  if ( $?PERLBREW_ROOT == 0 ) then
      setenv PERLBREW_ROOT "$HOME/perl5/perlbrew"
  endif
  
  if ( $?PERLBREW_SKIP_INIT == 0 ) then
      if ( -f "$PERLBREW_HOME/init" ) then
          source "$PERLBREW_HOME/init"
      endif
  endif
  
  if ( $?PERLBREW_PATH == 0 ) then
      setenv PERLBREW_PATH "$PERLBREW_ROOT/bin"
  endif
  
  source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_set_path"
  alias perlbrew 'source "$PERLBREW_ROOT/etc/csh_wrapper"'
  CSHRC
  
  }
  
  sub append_log {
      my ($self, $message) = @_;
      my $log_handler;
      open($log_handler, '>>', $self->{log_file})
          or die "Cannot open log file for appending: $!";
      print $log_handler "$message\n";
      close($log_handler);
  }
  
  sub INSTALLATION_FAILURE_MESSAGE {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return <<FAIL;
  Installation process failed. To spot any issues, check
  
    $self->{log_file}
  
  If some perl tests failed and you still want to install this distribution anyway,
  do:
  
    (cd $self->{dist_extracted_dir}; make install)
  
  You might also want to try upgrading patchperl before trying again:
  
    perlbrew install-patchperl
  
  Generally, if you need to install a perl distribution known to have minor test
  failures, do one of these commands to avoid seeing this message:
  
    perlbrew --notest install $self->{dist_name}
    perlbrew --force install $self->{dist_name}
  
  FAIL
  
  }
  
  1;
  
  __END__
  
  =encoding utf8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  App::perlbrew - Manage perl installations in your C<$HOME>
  
  =head2 SYNOPSIS
  
      # Installation
      curl -L https://install.perlbrew.pl | bash
  
      # Initialize
      perlbrew init
  
      # See what is available
      perlbrew available
  
      # Install some Perls
      perlbrew install 5.18.2
      perlbrew install perl-5.8.1
      perlbrew install perl-5.19.9
  
      # See what were installed
      perlbrew list
  
      # Swith to an installation and set it as default
      perlbrew switch perl-5.18.2
  
      # Temporarily use another version only in current shell.
      perlbrew use perl-5.8.1
      perl -v
  
      # Or turn it off completely. Useful when you messed up too deep.
      # Or want to go back to the system Perl.
      perlbrew off
  
      # Use 'switch' command to turn it back on.
      perlbrew switch perl-5.12.2
  
      # Exec something with all perlbrew-ed perls
      perlbrew exec -- perl -E 'say $]'
  
  =head2 DESCRIPTION
  
  L<perlbrew> is a program to automate the building and installation of perl in an
  easy way. It provides multiple isolated perl environments, and a mechanism
  for you to switch between them.
  
  Everything are installed unter C<~/perl5/perlbrew>. You then need to include a
  bashrc/cshrc provided by perlbrew to tweak the PATH for you. You then can
  benefit from not having to run C<sudo> commands to install
  cpan modules because those are installed inside your C<HOME> too.
  
  For the documentation of perlbrew usage see L<perlbrew> command
  on L<MetaCPAN|https://metacpan.org/>, or by running C<perlbrew help>,
  or by visiting L<perlbrew's official website|https://perlbrew.pl/>. The following documentation
  features the API of C<App::perlbrew> module, and may not be remotely
  close to what your want to read.
  
  =head2 INSTALLATION
  
  It is the simplest to use the perlbrew installer, just paste this statement to
  your terminal:
  
      curl -L https://install.perlbrew.pl | bash
  
  Or this one, if you have C<fetch> (default on FreeBSD):
  
      fetch -o- https://install.perlbrew.pl | sh
  
  After that, C<perlbrew> installs itself to C<~/perl5/perlbrew/bin>, and you
  should follow the instruction on screen to modify your shell rc file to put it
  in your PATH.
  
  The installed perlbrew command is a standalone executable that can be run with
  system perl. The minimum system perl version requirement is 5.8.0, which should
  be good enough for most of the OSes these days.
  
  A fat-packed version of L<patchperl> is also installed to
  C<~/perl5/perlbrew/bin>, which is required to build old perls.
  
  The directory C<~/perl5/perlbrew> will contain all install perl executables,
  libraries, documentations, lib, site_libs. In the documentation, that directory
  is referred as C<perlbrew root>. If you need to set it to somewhere else because,
  say, your C<HOME> has limited quota, you can do that by setting C<PERLBREW_ROOT>
  environment variable before running the installer:
  
      export PERLBREW_ROOT=/opt/perl5
      curl -L https://install.perlbrew.pl | bash
  
  As a result, different users on the same machine can all share the same perlbrew
  root directory (although only original user that made the installation would
  have the permission to perform perl installations.)
  
  You may also install perlbrew from CPAN:
  
      cpan App::perlbrew
  
  In this case, the perlbrew command is installed as C</usr/bin/perlbrew> or
  C</usr/local/bin/perlbrew> or others, depending on the location of your system
  perl installation.
  
  Please make sure not to run this with one of the perls brewed with
  perlbrew. It's the best to turn perlbrew off before you run that, if you're
  upgrading.
  
      perlbrew off
      cpan App::perlbrew
  
  You should always use system cpan (like /usr/bin/cpan) to install
  C<App::perlbrew> because it will be installed under a system PATH like
  C</usr/bin>, which is not affected by perlbrew C<switch> or C<use> command.
  
  The C<self-upgrade> command will not upgrade the perlbrew installed by cpan
  command, but it is also easy to upgrade perlbrew by running C<cpan App::perlbrew>
  again.
  
  =head2 METHODS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item (Str) current_perl
  
  Return the "current perl" object attribute string, or, if absent, the value of
  C<PERLBREW_PERL> environment variable.
  
  =item (Str) current_perl (Str)
  
  Set the C<current_perl> object attribute to the given value.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
  
  L<perlbrew project|https://perlbrew.pl/> uses github
  L<https://github.com/gugod/App-perlbrew/issues> and RT
  <https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=App-perlbrew> for issue
  tracking. Issues sent to these two systems will eventually be reviewed
  and handled.
  
  See L<https://github.com/gugod/App-perlbrew/contributors> for a list
  of project contributors.
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Kang-min Liu  C<< <gugod@gugod.org> >>
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT
  
  Copyright (c) 2010- Kang-min Liu C<< <gugod@gugod.org> >>.
  
  =head3 LICENCE
  
  The MIT License
  
  =head2 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
  
  BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
  FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
  OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
  PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
  EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
  ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH
  YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
  NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
  
  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
  WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
  REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE
  LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
  OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
  THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
  RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
  FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
  SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  SUCH DAMAGES.
  
  =cut
APP_PERLBREW

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META';
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::VERSION = '2.143240';
  #pod =head1 SYNOPSIS
  #pod
  #pod     use v5.10;
  #pod     use strict;
  #pod     use warnings;
  #pod     use CPAN::Meta;
  #pod     use Module::Load;
  #pod
  #pod     my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_file('META.json');
  #pod
  #pod     printf "testing requirements for %s version %s\n",
  #pod     $meta->name,
  #pod     $meta->version;
  #pod
  #pod     my $prereqs = $meta->effective_prereqs;
  #pod
  #pod     for my $phase ( qw/configure runtime build test/ ) {
  #pod         say "Requirements for $phase:";
  #pod         my $reqs = $prereqs->requirements_for($phase, "requires");
  #pod         for my $module ( sort $reqs->required_modules ) {
  #pod             my $status;
  #pod             if ( eval { load $module unless $module eq 'perl'; 1 } ) {
  #pod                 my $version = $module eq 'perl' ? $] : $module->VERSION;
  #pod                 $status = $reqs->accepts_module($module, $version)
  #pod                         ? "$version ok" : "$version not ok";
  #pod             } else {
  #pod                 $status = "missing"
  #pod             };
  #pod             say "  $module ($status)";
  #pod         }
  #pod     }
  #pod
  #pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
  #pod
  #pod Software distributions released to the CPAN include a F<META.json> or, for
  #pod older distributions, F<META.yml>, which describes the distribution, its
  #pod contents, and the requirements for building and installing the distribution.
  #pod The data structure stored in the F<META.json> file is described in
  #pod L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>.
  #pod
  #pod CPAN::Meta provides a simple class to represent this distribution metadata (or
  #pod I<distmeta>), along with some helpful methods for interrogating that data.
  #pod
  #pod The documentation below is only for the methods of the CPAN::Meta object.  For
  #pod information on the meaning of individual fields, consult the spec.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  use Carp qw(carp croak);
  use CPAN::Meta::Feature;
  use CPAN::Meta::Prereqs;
  use CPAN::Meta::Converter;
  use CPAN::Meta::Validator;
  use Parse::CPAN::Meta 1.4414 ();
  
  BEGIN { *_dclone = \&CPAN::Meta::Converter::_dclone }
  
  #pod =head1 STRING DATA
  #pod
  #pod The following methods return a single value, which is the value for the
  #pod corresponding entry in the distmeta structure.  Values should be either undef
  #pod or strings.
  #pod
  #pod =for :list
  #pod * abstract
  #pod * description
  #pod * dynamic_config
  #pod * generated_by
  #pod * name
  #pod * release_status
  #pod * version
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  BEGIN {
    my @STRING_READERS = qw(
      abstract
      description
      dynamic_config
      generated_by
      name
      release_status
      version
    );
  
    no strict 'refs';
    for my $attr (@STRING_READERS) {
      *$attr = sub { $_[0]{ $attr } };
    }
  }
  
  #pod =head1 LIST DATA
  #pod
  #pod These methods return lists of string values, which might be represented in the
  #pod distmeta structure as arrayrefs or scalars:
  #pod
  #pod =for :list
  #pod * authors
  #pod * keywords
  #pod * licenses
  #pod
  #pod The C<authors> and C<licenses> methods may also be called as C<author> and
  #pod C<license>, respectively, to match the field name in the distmeta structure.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  BEGIN {
    my @LIST_READERS = qw(
      author
      keywords
      license
    );
  
    no strict 'refs';
    for my $attr (@LIST_READERS) {
      *$attr = sub {
        my $value = $_[0]{ $attr };
        croak "$attr must be called in list context"
          unless wantarray;
        return @{ _dclone($value) } if ref $value;
        return $value;
      };
    }
  }
  
  sub authors  { $_[0]->author }
  sub licenses { $_[0]->license }
  
  #pod =head1 MAP DATA
  #pod
  #pod These readers return hashrefs of arbitrary unblessed data structures, each
  #pod described more fully in the specification:
  #pod
  #pod =for :list
  #pod * meta_spec
  #pod * resources
  #pod * provides
  #pod * no_index
  #pod * prereqs
  #pod * optional_features
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  BEGIN {
    my @MAP_READERS = qw(
      meta-spec
      resources
      provides
      no_index
  
      prereqs
      optional_features
    );
  
    no strict 'refs';
    for my $attr (@MAP_READERS) {
      (my $subname = $attr) =~ s/-/_/;
      *$subname = sub {
        my $value = $_[0]{ $attr };
        return _dclone($value) if $value;
        return {};
      };
    }
  }
  
  #pod =head1 CUSTOM DATA
  #pod
  #pod A list of custom keys are available from the C<custom_keys> method and
  #pod particular keys may be retrieved with the C<custom> method.
  #pod
  #pod   say $meta->custom($_) for $meta->custom_keys;
  #pod
  #pod If a custom key refers to a data structure, a deep clone is returned.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub custom_keys {
    return grep { /^x_/i } keys %{$_[0]};
  }
  
  sub custom {
    my ($self, $attr) = @_;
    my $value = $self->{$attr};
    return _dclone($value) if ref $value;
    return $value;
  }
  
  #pod =method new
  #pod
  #pod   my $meta = CPAN::Meta->new($distmeta_struct, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod Returns a valid CPAN::Meta object or dies if the supplied metadata hash
  #pod reference fails to validate.  Older-format metadata will be up-converted to
  #pod version 2 if they validate against the original stated specification.
  #pod
  #pod It takes an optional hashref of options. Valid options include:
  #pod
  #pod =over
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod lazy_validation -- if true, new will attempt to convert the given metadata
  #pod to version 2 before attempting to validate it.  This means than any
  #pod fixable errors will be handled by CPAN::Meta::Converter before validation.
  #pod (Note that this might result in invalid optional data being silently
  #pod dropped.)  The default is false.
  #pod
  #pod =back
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub _new {
    my ($class, $struct, $options) = @_;
    my $self;
  
    if ( $options->{lazy_validation} ) {
      # try to convert to a valid structure; if succeeds, then return it
      my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
      $self = $cmc->convert( version => 2 ); # valid or dies
      return bless $self, $class;
    }
    else {
      # validate original struct
      my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $struct );
      unless ( $cmv->is_valid) {
        die "Invalid metadata structure. Errors: "
          . join(", ", $cmv->errors) . "\n";
      }
    }
  
    # up-convert older spec versions
    my $version = $struct->{'meta-spec'}{version} || '1.0';
    if ( $version == 2 ) {
      $self = $struct;
    }
    else {
      my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
      $self = $cmc->convert( version => 2 );
    }
  
    return bless $self, $class;
  }
  
  sub new {
    my ($class, $struct, $options) = @_;
    my $self = eval { $class->_new($struct, $options) };
    croak($@) if $@;
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method create
  #pod
  #pod   my $meta = CPAN::Meta->create($distmeta_struct, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod This is same as C<new()>, except that C<generated_by> and C<meta-spec> fields
  #pod will be generated if not provided.  This means the metadata structure is
  #pod assumed to otherwise follow the latest L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub create {
    my ($class, $struct, $options) = @_;
    my $version = __PACKAGE__->VERSION || 2;
    $struct->{generated_by} ||= __PACKAGE__ . " version $version" ;
    $struct->{'meta-spec'}{version} ||= int($version);
    my $self = eval { $class->_new($struct, $options) };
    croak ($@) if $@;
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method load_file
  #pod
  #pod   my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_file($distmeta_file, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod Given a pathname to a file containing metadata, this deserializes the file
  #pod according to its file suffix and constructs a new C<CPAN::Meta> object, just
  #pod like C<new()>.  It will die if the deserialized version fails to validate
  #pod against its stated specification version.
  #pod
  #pod It takes the same options as C<new()> but C<lazy_validation> defaults to
  #pod true.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub load_file {
    my ($class, $file, $options) = @_;
    $options->{lazy_validation} = 1 unless exists $options->{lazy_validation};
  
    croak "load_file() requires a valid, readable filename"
      unless -r $file;
  
    my $self;
    eval {
      my $struct = Parse::CPAN::Meta->load_file( $file );
      $self = $class->_new($struct, $options);
    };
    croak($@) if $@;
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method load_yaml_string
  #pod
  #pod   my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_yaml_string($yaml, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a new CPAN::Meta object using the first document in the
  #pod given YAML string.  In other respects it is identical to C<load_file()>.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub load_yaml_string {
    my ($class, $yaml, $options) = @_;
    $options->{lazy_validation} = 1 unless exists $options->{lazy_validation};
  
    my $self;
    eval {
      my ($struct) = Parse::CPAN::Meta->load_yaml_string( $yaml );
      $self = $class->_new($struct, $options);
    };
    croak($@) if $@;
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method load_json_string
  #pod
  #pod   my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_json_string($json, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a new CPAN::Meta object using the structure represented by
  #pod the given JSON string.  In other respects it is identical to C<load_file()>.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub load_json_string {
    my ($class, $json, $options) = @_;
    $options->{lazy_validation} = 1 unless exists $options->{lazy_validation};
  
    my $self;
    eval {
      my $struct = Parse::CPAN::Meta->load_json_string( $json );
      $self = $class->_new($struct, $options);
    };
    croak($@) if $@;
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method load_string
  #pod
  #pod   my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_string($string, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod If you don't know if a string contains YAML or JSON, this method will use
  #pod L<Parse::CPAN::Meta> to guess.  In other respects it is identical to
  #pod C<load_file()>.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub load_string {
    my ($class, $string, $options) = @_;
    $options->{lazy_validation} = 1 unless exists $options->{lazy_validation};
  
    my $self;
    eval {
      my $struct = Parse::CPAN::Meta->load_string( $string );
      $self = $class->_new($struct, $options);
    };
    croak($@) if $@;
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method save
  #pod
  #pod   $meta->save($distmeta_file, \%options);
  #pod
  #pod Serializes the object as JSON and writes it to the given file.  The only valid
  #pod option is C<version>, which defaults to '2'. On Perl 5.8.1 or later, the file
  #pod is saved with UTF-8 encoding.
  #pod
  #pod For C<version> 2 (or higher), the filename should end in '.json'.  L<JSON::PP>
  #pod is the default JSON backend. Using another JSON backend requires L<JSON> 2.5 or
  #pod later and you must set the C<$ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND}> to a supported alternate
  #pod backend like L<JSON::XS>.
  #pod
  #pod For C<version> less than 2, the filename should end in '.yml'.
  #pod L<CPAN::Meta::Converter> is used to generate an older metadata structure, which
  #pod is serialized to YAML.  CPAN::Meta::YAML is the default YAML backend.  You may
  #pod set the C<$ENV{PERL_YAML_BACKEND}> to a supported alternative backend, though
  #pod this is not recommended due to subtle incompatibilities between YAML parsers on
  #pod CPAN.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub save {
    my ($self, $file, $options) = @_;
  
    my $version = $options->{version} || '2';
    my $layer = $] ge '5.008001' ? ':utf8' : '';
  
    if ( $version ge '2' ) {
      carp "'$file' should end in '.json'"
        unless $file =~ m{\.json$};
    }
    else {
      carp "'$file' should end in '.yml'"
        unless $file =~ m{\.yml$};
    }
  
    my $data = $self->as_string( $options );
    open my $fh, ">$layer", $file
      or die "Error opening '$file' for writing: $!\n";
  
    print {$fh} $data;
    close $fh
      or die "Error closing '$file': $!\n";
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  #pod =method meta_spec_version
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the version part of the C<meta_spec> entry in the distmeta
  #pod structure.  It is equivalent to:
  #pod
  #pod   $meta->meta_spec->{version};
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub meta_spec_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return $self->meta_spec->{version};
  }
  
  #pod =method effective_prereqs
  #pod
  #pod   my $prereqs = $meta->effective_prereqs;
  #pod
  #pod   my $prereqs = $meta->effective_prereqs( \@feature_identifiers );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a L<CPAN::Meta::Prereqs> object describing all the
  #pod prereqs for the distribution.  If an arrayref of feature identifiers is given,
  #pod the prereqs for the identified features are merged together with the
  #pod distribution's core prereqs before the CPAN::Meta::Prereqs object is returned.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub effective_prereqs {
    my ($self, $features) = @_;
    $features ||= [];
  
    my $prereq = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new($self->prereqs);
  
    return $prereq unless @$features;
  
    my @other = map {; $self->feature($_)->prereqs } @$features;
  
    return $prereq->with_merged_prereqs(\@other);
  }
  
  #pod =method should_index_file
  #pod
  #pod   ... if $meta->should_index_file( $filename );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns true if the given file should be indexed.  It decides this
  #pod by checking the C<file> and C<directory> keys in the C<no_index> property of
  #pod the distmeta structure. Note that neither the version format nor
  #pod C<release_status> are considered.
  #pod
  #pod C<$filename> should be given in unix format.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub should_index_file {
    my ($self, $filename) = @_;
  
    for my $no_index_file (@{ $self->no_index->{file} || [] }) {
      return if $filename eq $no_index_file;
    }
  
    for my $no_index_dir (@{ $self->no_index->{directory} }) {
      $no_index_dir =~ s{$}{/} unless $no_index_dir =~ m{/\z};
      return if index($filename, $no_index_dir) == 0;
    }
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  #pod =method should_index_package
  #pod
  #pod   ... if $meta->should_index_package( $package );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns true if the given package should be indexed.  It decides
  #pod this by checking the C<package> and C<namespace> keys in the C<no_index>
  #pod property of the distmeta structure. Note that neither the version format nor
  #pod C<release_status> are considered.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub should_index_package {
    my ($self, $package) = @_;
  
    for my $no_index_pkg (@{ $self->no_index->{package} || [] }) {
      return if $package eq $no_index_pkg;
    }
  
    for my $no_index_ns (@{ $self->no_index->{namespace} }) {
      return if index($package, "${no_index_ns}::") == 0;
    }
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  #pod =method features
  #pod
  #pod   my @feature_objects = $meta->features;
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a list of L<CPAN::Meta::Feature> objects, one for each
  #pod optional feature described by the distribution's metadata.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub features {
    my ($self) = @_;
  
    my $opt_f = $self->optional_features;
    my @features = map {; CPAN::Meta::Feature->new($_ => $opt_f->{ $_ }) }
                   keys %$opt_f;
  
    return @features;
  }
  
  #pod =method feature
  #pod
  #pod   my $feature_object = $meta->feature( $identifier );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a L<CPAN::Meta::Feature> object for the optional feature
  #pod with the given identifier.  If no feature with that identifier exists, an
  #pod exception will be raised.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub feature {
    my ($self, $ident) = @_;
  
    croak "no feature named $ident"
      unless my $f = $self->optional_features->{ $ident };
  
    return CPAN::Meta::Feature->new($ident, $f);
  }
  
  #pod =method as_struct
  #pod
  #pod   my $copy = $meta->as_struct( \%options );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a deep copy of the object's metadata as an unblessed hash
  #pod reference.  It takes an optional hashref of options.  If the hashref contains
  #pod a C<version> argument, the copied metadata will be converted to the version
  #pod of the specification and returned.  For example:
  #pod
  #pod   my $old_spec = $meta->as_struct( {version => "1.4"} );
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub as_struct {
    my ($self, $options) = @_;
    my $struct = _dclone($self);
    if ( $options->{version} ) {
      my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
      $struct = $cmc->convert( version => $options->{version} );
    }
    return $struct;
  }
  
  #pod =method as_string
  #pod
  #pod   my $string = $meta->as_string( \%options );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a serialized copy of the object's metadata as a character
  #pod string.  (The strings are B<not> UTF-8 encoded.)  It takes an optional hashref
  #pod of options.  If the hashref contains a C<version> argument, the copied metadata
  #pod will be converted to the version of the specification and returned.  For
  #pod example:
  #pod
  #pod   my $string = $meta->as_string( {version => "1.4"} );
  #pod
  #pod For C<version> greater than or equal to 2, the string will be serialized as
  #pod JSON.  For C<version> less than 2, the string will be serialized as YAML.  In
  #pod both cases, the same rules are followed as in the C<save()> method for choosing
  #pod a serialization backend.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub as_string {
    my ($self, $options) = @_;
  
    my $version = $options->{version} || '2';
  
    my $struct;
    if ( $self->meta_spec_version ne $version ) {
      my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $self->as_struct );
      $struct = $cmc->convert( version => $version );
    }
    else {
      $struct = $self->as_struct;
    }
  
    my ($data, $backend);
    if ( $version ge '2' ) {
      $backend = Parse::CPAN::Meta->json_backend();
      $data = $backend->new->pretty->canonical->encode($struct);
    }
    else {
      $backend = Parse::CPAN::Meta->yaml_backend();
      $data = eval { no strict 'refs'; &{"$backend\::Dump"}($struct) };
      if ( $@ ) {
        croak $backend->can('errstr') ? $backend->errstr : $@
      }
    }
  
    return $data;
  }
  
  # Used by JSON::PP, etc. for "convert_blessed"
  sub TO_JSON {
    return { %{ $_[0] } };
  }
  
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: the distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta - the distribution metadata for a CPAN dist
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
      use v5.10;
      use strict;
      use warnings;
      use CPAN::Meta;
      use Module::Load;
  
      my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_file('META.json');
  
      printf "testing requirements for %s version %s\n",
      $meta->name,
      $meta->version;
  
      my $prereqs = $meta->effective_prereqs;
  
      for my $phase ( qw/configure runtime build test/ ) {
          say "Requirements for $phase:";
          my $reqs = $prereqs->requirements_for($phase, "requires");
          for my $module ( sort $reqs->required_modules ) {
              my $status;
              if ( eval { load $module unless $module eq 'perl'; 1 } ) {
                  my $version = $module eq 'perl' ? $] : $module->VERSION;
                  $status = $reqs->accepts_module($module, $version)
                          ? "$version ok" : "$version not ok";
              } else {
                  $status = "missing"
              };
              say "  $module ($status)";
          }
      }
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  Software distributions released to the CPAN include a F<META.json> or, for
  older distributions, F<META.yml>, which describes the distribution, its
  contents, and the requirements for building and installing the distribution.
  The data structure stored in the F<META.json> file is described in
  L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>.
  
  CPAN::Meta provides a simple class to represent this distribution metadata (or
  I<distmeta>), along with some helpful methods for interrogating that data.
  
  The documentation below is only for the methods of the CPAN::Meta object.  For
  information on the meaning of individual fields, consult the spec.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
    my $meta = CPAN::Meta->new($distmeta_struct, \%options);
  
  Returns a valid CPAN::Meta object or dies if the supplied metadata hash
  reference fails to validate.  Older-format metadata will be up-converted to
  version 2 if they validate against the original stated specification.
  
  It takes an optional hashref of options. Valid options include:
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  lazy_validation -- if true, new will attempt to convert the given metadata
  to version 2 before attempting to validate it.  This means than any
  fixable errors will be handled by CPAN::Meta::Converter before validation.
  (Note that this might result in invalid optional data being silently
  dropped.)  The default is false.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 create
  
    my $meta = CPAN::Meta->create($distmeta_struct, \%options);
  
  This is same as C<new()>, except that C<generated_by> and C<meta-spec> fields
  will be generated if not provided.  This means the metadata structure is
  assumed to otherwise follow the latest L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>.
  
  =head2 load_file
  
    my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_file($distmeta_file, \%options);
  
  Given a pathname to a file containing metadata, this deserializes the file
  according to its file suffix and constructs a new C<CPAN::Meta> object, just
  like C<new()>.  It will die if the deserialized version fails to validate
  against its stated specification version.
  
  It takes the same options as C<new()> but C<lazy_validation> defaults to
  true.
  
  =head2 load_yaml_string
  
    my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_yaml_string($yaml, \%options);
  
  This method returns a new CPAN::Meta object using the first document in the
  given YAML string.  In other respects it is identical to C<load_file()>.
  
  =head2 load_json_string
  
    my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_json_string($json, \%options);
  
  This method returns a new CPAN::Meta object using the structure represented by
  the given JSON string.  In other respects it is identical to C<load_file()>.
  
  =head2 load_string
  
    my $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_string($string, \%options);
  
  If you don't know if a string contains YAML or JSON, this method will use
  L<Parse::CPAN::Meta> to guess.  In other respects it is identical to
  C<load_file()>.
  
  =head2 save
  
    $meta->save($distmeta_file, \%options);
  
  Serializes the object as JSON and writes it to the given file.  The only valid
  option is C<version>, which defaults to '2'. On Perl 5.8.1 or later, the file
  is saved with UTF-8 encoding.
  
  For C<version> 2 (or higher), the filename should end in '.json'.  L<JSON::PP>
  is the default JSON backend. Using another JSON backend requires L<JSON> 2.5 or
  later and you must set the C<$ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND}> to a supported alternate
  backend like L<JSON::XS>.
  
  For C<version> less than 2, the filename should end in '.yml'.
  L<CPAN::Meta::Converter> is used to generate an older metadata structure, which
  is serialized to YAML.  CPAN::Meta::YAML is the default YAML backend.  You may
  set the C<$ENV{PERL_YAML_BACKEND}> to a supported alternative backend, though
  this is not recommended due to subtle incompatibilities between YAML parsers on
  CPAN.
  
  =head2 meta_spec_version
  
  This method returns the version part of the C<meta_spec> entry in the distmeta
  structure.  It is equivalent to:
  
    $meta->meta_spec->{version};
  
  =head2 effective_prereqs
  
    my $prereqs = $meta->effective_prereqs;
  
    my $prereqs = $meta->effective_prereqs( \@feature_identifiers );
  
  This method returns a L<CPAN::Meta::Prereqs> object describing all the
  prereqs for the distribution.  If an arrayref of feature identifiers is given,
  the prereqs for the identified features are merged together with the
  distribution's core prereqs before the CPAN::Meta::Prereqs object is returned.
  
  =head2 should_index_file
  
    ... if $meta->should_index_file( $filename );
  
  This method returns true if the given file should be indexed.  It decides this
  by checking the C<file> and C<directory> keys in the C<no_index> property of
  the distmeta structure. Note that neither the version format nor
  C<release_status> are considered.
  
  C<$filename> should be given in unix format.
  
  =head2 should_index_package
  
    ... if $meta->should_index_package( $package );
  
  This method returns true if the given package should be indexed.  It decides
  this by checking the C<package> and C<namespace> keys in the C<no_index>
  property of the distmeta structure. Note that neither the version format nor
  C<release_status> are considered.
  
  =head2 features
  
    my @feature_objects = $meta->features;
  
  This method returns a list of L<CPAN::Meta::Feature> objects, one for each
  optional feature described by the distribution's metadata.
  
  =head2 feature
  
    my $feature_object = $meta->feature( $identifier );
  
  This method returns a L<CPAN::Meta::Feature> object for the optional feature
  with the given identifier.  If no feature with that identifier exists, an
  exception will be raised.
  
  =head2 as_struct
  
    my $copy = $meta->as_struct( \%options );
  
  This method returns a deep copy of the object's metadata as an unblessed hash
  reference.  It takes an optional hashref of options.  If the hashref contains
  a C<version> argument, the copied metadata will be converted to the version
  of the specification and returned.  For example:
  
    my $old_spec = $meta->as_struct( {version => "1.4"} );
  
  =head2 as_string
  
    my $string = $meta->as_string( \%options );
  
  This method returns a serialized copy of the object's metadata as a character
  string.  (The strings are B<not> UTF-8 encoded.)  It takes an optional hashref
  of options.  If the hashref contains a C<version> argument, the copied metadata
  will be converted to the version of the specification and returned.  For
  example:
  
    my $string = $meta->as_string( {version => "1.4"} );
  
  For C<version> greater than or equal to 2, the string will be serialized as
  JSON.  For C<version> less than 2, the string will be serialized as YAML.  In
  both cases, the same rules are followed as in the C<save()> method for choosing
  a serialization backend.
  
  =head1 STRING DATA
  
  The following methods return a single value, which is the value for the
  corresponding entry in the distmeta structure.  Values should be either undef
  or strings.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  abstract
  
  =item *
  
  description
  
  =item *
  
  dynamic_config
  
  =item *
  
  generated_by
  
  =item *
  
  name
  
  =item *
  
  release_status
  
  =item *
  
  version
  
  =back
  
  =head1 LIST DATA
  
  These methods return lists of string values, which might be represented in the
  distmeta structure as arrayrefs or scalars:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  authors
  
  =item *
  
  keywords
  
  =item *
  
  licenses
  
  =back
  
  The C<authors> and C<licenses> methods may also be called as C<author> and
  C<license>, respectively, to match the field name in the distmeta structure.
  
  =head1 MAP DATA
  
  These readers return hashrefs of arbitrary unblessed data structures, each
  described more fully in the specification:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  meta_spec
  
  =item *
  
  resources
  
  =item *
  
  provides
  
  =item *
  
  no_index
  
  =item *
  
  prereqs
  
  =item *
  
  optional_features
  
  =back
  
  =head1 CUSTOM DATA
  
  A list of custom keys are available from the C<custom_keys> method and
  particular keys may be retrieved with the C<custom> method.
  
    say $meta->custom($_) for $meta->custom_keys;
  
  If a custom key refers to a data structure, a deep clone is returned.
  
  =for Pod::Coverage TO_JSON abstract author authors custom custom_keys description dynamic_config
  generated_by keywords license licenses meta_spec name no_index
  optional_features prereqs provides release_status resources version
  
  =head1 BUGS
  
  Please report any bugs or feature using the CPAN Request Tracker.
  Bugs can be submitted through the web interface at
  L<http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CPAN-Meta>
  
  When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an
  existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  L<CPAN::Meta::Converter>
  
  =item *
  
  L<CPAN::Meta::Validator>
  
  =back
  
  =for :stopwords cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee diff irc mailto metadata placeholders metacpan
  
  =head1 SUPPORT
  
  =head2 Bugs / Feature Requests
  
  Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker
  at L<https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/CPAN-Meta/issues>.
  You will be notified automatically of any progress on your issue.
  
  =head2 Source Code
  
  This is open source software.  The code repository is available for
  public review and contribution under the terms of the license.
  
  L<https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/CPAN-Meta>
  
    git clone https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/CPAN-Meta.git
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 CONTRIBUTORS
  
  =for stopwords Ansgar Burchardt Avar Arnfjord Bjarmason Christopher J. Madsen Chuck Adams Cory G Watson Damyan Ivanov Eric Wilhelm Graham Knop Gregor Hermann Karen Etheridge Kenichi Ishigaki Ken Williams Lars Dieckow Leon Timmermans majensen Mark Fowler Matt S Trout Michael G. Schwern moznion Olaf Alders Olivier Mengue Randy Sims
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  Ansgar Burchardt <ansgar@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Avar Arnfjord Bjarmason <avar@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Christopher J. Madsen <cjm@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Chuck Adams <cja987@gmail.com>
  
  =item *
  
  Cory G Watson <gphat@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Damyan Ivanov <dam@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Eric Wilhelm <ewilhelm@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Gregor Hermann <gregoa@debian.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Kenichi Ishigaki <ishigaki@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Lars Dieckow <daxim@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Leon Timmermans <leont@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  majensen <maj@fortinbras.us>
  
  =item *
  
  Mark Fowler <markf@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
  
  =item *
  
  Michael G. Schwern <mschwern@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  moznion <moznion@gmail.com>
  
  =item *
  
  Olaf Alders <olaf@wundersolutions.com>
  
  =item *
  
  Olivier Mengue <dolmen@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Randy Sims <randys@thepierianspring.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Converter.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_CONVERTER';
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::Converter;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::Converter::VERSION = '2.143240';
  #pod =head1 SYNOPSIS
  #pod
  #pod   my $struct = decode_json_file('META.json');
  #pod
  #pod   my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
  #pod
  #pod   my $new_struct = $cmc->convert( version => "2" );
  #pod
  #pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
  #pod
  #pod This module converts CPAN Meta structures from one form to another.  The
  #pod primary use is to convert older structures to the most modern version of
  #pod the specification, but other transformations may be implemented in the
  #pod future as needed.  (E.g. stripping all custom fields or stripping all
  #pod optional fields.)
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  use CPAN::Meta::Validator;
  use CPAN::Meta::Requirements;
  use Parse::CPAN::Meta 1.4400 ();
  
  # To help ExtUtils::MakeMaker bootstrap CPAN::Meta::Requirements on perls
  # before 5.10, we fall back to the EUMM bundled compatibility version module if
  # that's the only thing available.  This shouldn't ever happen in a normal CPAN
  # install of CPAN::Meta::Requirements, as version.pm will be picked up from
  # prereqs and be available at runtime.
  
  BEGIN {
    eval "use version ()"; ## no critic
    if ( my $err = $@ ) {
      eval "use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version" or die $err; ## no critic
    }
  }
  
  # Perl 5.10.0 didn't have "is_qv" in version.pm
  *_is_qv = version->can('is_qv') ? sub { $_[0]->is_qv } : sub { exists $_[0]->{qv} };
  
  sub _dclone {
    my $ref = shift;
  
    # if an object is in the data structure and doesn't specify how to
    # turn itself into JSON, we just stringify the object.  That does the
    # right thing for typical things that might be there, like version objects,
    # Path::Class objects, etc.
    no warnings 'once';
    no warnings 'redefine';
    local *UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON = sub { "$_[0]" };
  
    my $json = Parse::CPAN::Meta->json_backend()->new
        ->utf8
        ->allow_blessed
        ->convert_blessed;
    $json->decode($json->encode($ref))
  }
  
  my %known_specs = (
      '2'   => 'http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?CPAN::Meta::Spec',
      '1.4' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.4.html',
      '1.3' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.3.html',
      '1.2' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.2.html',
      '1.1' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.1.html',
      '1.0' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.0.html'
  );
  
  my @spec_list = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %known_specs;
  my ($LOWEST, $HIGHEST) = @spec_list[0,-1];
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # converters
  #
  # called as $converter->($element, $field_name, $full_meta, $to_version)
  #
  # defined return value used for field
  # undef return value means field is skipped
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  sub _keep { $_[0] }
  
  sub _keep_or_one { defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : 1 }
  
  sub _keep_or_zero { defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : 0 }
  
  sub _keep_or_unknown { defined($_[0]) && length($_[0]) ? $_[0] : "unknown" }
  
  sub _generated_by {
    my $gen = shift;
    my $sig = __PACKAGE__ . " version " . (__PACKAGE__->VERSION || "<dev>");
  
    return $sig unless defined $gen and length $gen;
    return $gen if $gen =~ /\Q$sig/;
    return "$gen, $sig";
  }
  
  sub _listify { ! defined $_[0] ? undef : ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [$_[0]] }
  
  sub _prefix_custom {
    my $key = shift;
    $key =~ s/^(?!x_)   # Unless it already starts with x_
               (?:x-?)? # Remove leading x- or x (if present)
             /x_/ix;    # and prepend x_
    return $key;
  }
  
  sub _ucfirst_custom {
    my $key = shift;
    $key = ucfirst $key unless $key =~ /[A-Z]/;
    return $key;
  }
  
  sub _no_prefix_ucfirst_custom {
    my $key = shift;
    $key =~ s/^x_//;
    return _ucfirst_custom($key);
  }
  
  sub _change_meta_spec {
    my ($element, undef, undef, $version) = @_;
    return {
      version => $version,
      url => $known_specs{$version},
    };
  }
  
  my @open_source = (
    'perl',
    'gpl',
    'apache',
    'artistic',
    'artistic_2',
    'lgpl',
    'bsd',
    'gpl',
    'mit',
    'mozilla',
    'open_source',
  );
  
  my %is_open_source = map {; $_ => 1 } @open_source;
  
  my @valid_licenses_1 = (
    @open_source,
    'unrestricted',
    'restrictive',
    'unknown',
  );
  
  my %license_map_1 = (
    ( map { $_ => $_ } @valid_licenses_1 ),
    artistic2 => 'artistic_2',
  );
  
  sub _license_1 {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return 'unknown' unless defined $element;
    if ( $license_map_1{lc $element} ) {
      return $license_map_1{lc $element};
    }
    else {
      return 'unknown';
    }
  }
  
  my @valid_licenses_2 = qw(
    agpl_3
    apache_1_1
    apache_2_0
    artistic_1
    artistic_2
    bsd
    freebsd
    gfdl_1_2
    gfdl_1_3
    gpl_1
    gpl_2
    gpl_3
    lgpl_2_1
    lgpl_3_0
    mit
    mozilla_1_0
    mozilla_1_1
    openssl
    perl_5
    qpl_1_0
    ssleay
    sun
    zlib
    open_source
    restricted
    unrestricted
    unknown
  );
  
  # The "old" values were defined by Module::Build, and were often vague.  I have
  # made the decisions below based on reading Module::Build::API and how clearly
  # it specifies the version of the license.
  my %license_map_2 = (
    (map { $_ => $_ } @valid_licenses_2),
    apache      => 'apache_2_0',  # clearly stated as 2.0
    artistic    => 'artistic_1',  # clearly stated as 1
    artistic2   => 'artistic_2',  # clearly stated as 2
    gpl         => 'open_source', # we don't know which GPL; punt
    lgpl        => 'open_source', # we don't know which LGPL; punt
    mozilla     => 'open_source', # we don't know which MPL; punt
    perl        => 'perl_5',      # clearly Perl 5
    restrictive => 'restricted',
  );
  
  sub _license_2 {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return [ 'unknown' ] unless defined $element;
    $element = [ $element ] unless ref $element eq 'ARRAY';
    my @new_list;
    for my $lic ( @$element ) {
      next unless defined $lic;
      if ( my $new = $license_map_2{lc $lic} ) {
        push @new_list, $new;
      }
    }
    return @new_list ? \@new_list : [ 'unknown' ];
  }
  
  my %license_downgrade_map = qw(
    agpl_3            open_source
    apache_1_1        apache
    apache_2_0        apache
    artistic_1        artistic
    artistic_2        artistic_2
    bsd               bsd
    freebsd           open_source
    gfdl_1_2          open_source
    gfdl_1_3          open_source
    gpl_1             gpl
    gpl_2             gpl
    gpl_3             gpl
    lgpl_2_1          lgpl
    lgpl_3_0          lgpl
    mit               mit
    mozilla_1_0       mozilla
    mozilla_1_1       mozilla
    openssl           open_source
    perl_5            perl
    qpl_1_0           open_source
    ssleay            open_source
    sun               open_source
    zlib              open_source
    open_source       open_source
    restricted        restrictive
    unrestricted      unrestricted
    unknown           unknown
  );
  
  sub _downgrade_license {
    my ($element) = @_;
    if ( ! defined $element ) {
      return "unknown";
    }
    elsif( ref $element eq 'ARRAY' ) {
      if ( @$element > 1) {
        if (grep { !$is_open_source{ $license_downgrade_map{lc $_} || 'unknown' } } @$element) {
          return 'unknown';
        }
        else {
          return 'open_source';
        }
      }
      elsif ( @$element == 1 ) {
        return $license_downgrade_map{lc $element->[0]} || "unknown";
      }
    }
    elsif ( ! ref $element ) {
      return $license_downgrade_map{lc $element} || "unknown";
    }
    return "unknown";
  }
  
  my $no_index_spec_1_2 = {
    'file' => \&_listify,
    'dir' => \&_listify,
    'package' => \&_listify,
    'namespace' => \&_listify,
  };
  
  my $no_index_spec_1_3 = {
    'file' => \&_listify,
    'directory' => \&_listify,
    'package' => \&_listify,
    'namespace' => \&_listify,
  };
  
  my $no_index_spec_2 = {
    'file' => \&_listify,
    'directory' => \&_listify,
    'package' => \&_listify,
    'namespace' => \&_listify,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _no_index_1_2 {
    my (undef, undef, $meta) = @_;
    my $no_index = $meta->{no_index} || $meta->{private};
    return unless $no_index;
  
    # cleanup wrong format
    if ( ! ref $no_index ) {
      my $item = $no_index;
      $no_index = { dir => [ $item ], file => [ $item ] };
    }
    elsif ( ref $no_index eq 'ARRAY' ) {
      my $list = $no_index;
      $no_index = { dir => [ @$list ], file => [ @$list ] };
    }
  
    # common mistake: files -> file
    if ( exists $no_index->{files} ) {
      $no_index->{file} = delete $no_index->{file};
    }
    # common mistake: modules -> module
    if ( exists $no_index->{modules} ) {
      $no_index->{module} = delete $no_index->{module};
    }
    return _convert($no_index, $no_index_spec_1_2);
  }
  
  sub _no_index_directory {
    my ($element, $key, $meta, $version) = @_;
    return unless $element;
  
    # cleanup wrong format
    if ( ! ref $element ) {
      my $item = $element;
      $element = { directory => [ $item ], file => [ $item ] };
    }
    elsif ( ref $element eq 'ARRAY' ) {
      my $list = $element;
      $element = { directory => [ @$list ], file => [ @$list ] };
    }
  
    if ( exists $element->{dir} ) {
      $element->{directory} = delete $element->{dir};
    }
    # common mistake: files -> file
    if ( exists $element->{files} ) {
      $element->{file} = delete $element->{file};
    }
    # common mistake: modules -> module
    if ( exists $element->{modules} ) {
      $element->{module} = delete $element->{module};
    }
    my $spec = $version == 2 ? $no_index_spec_2 : $no_index_spec_1_3;
    return _convert($element, $spec);
  }
  
  sub _is_module_name {
    my $mod = shift;
    return unless defined $mod && length $mod;
    return $mod =~ m{^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:::[A-Za-z0-9_]+)*$};
  }
  
  sub _clean_version {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return 0 if ! defined $element;
  
    $element =~ s{^\s*}{};
    $element =~ s{\s*$}{};
    $element =~ s{^\.}{0.};
  
    return 0 if ! length $element;
    return 0 if ( $element eq 'undef' || $element eq '<undef>' );
  
    my $v = eval { version->new($element) };
    # XXX check defined $v and not just $v because version objects leak memory
    # in boolean context -- dagolden, 2012-02-03
    if ( defined $v ) {
      return _is_qv($v) ? $v->normal : $element;
    }
    else {
      return 0;
    }
  }
  
  sub _bad_version_hook {
    my ($v) = @_;
    $v =~ s{[a-z]+$}{}; # strip trailing alphabetics
    my $vobj = eval { version->new($v) };
    return defined($vobj) ? $vobj : version->new(0); # or give up
  }
  
  sub _version_map {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return unless defined $element;
    if ( ref $element eq 'HASH' ) {
      # XXX turn this into CPAN::Meta::Requirements with bad version hook
      # and then turn it back into a hash
      my $new_map = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new(
        { bad_version_hook => \&_bad_version_hook } # punt
      );
      while ( my ($k,$v) = each %$element ) {
        next unless _is_module_name($k);
        if ( !defined($v) || !length($v) || $v eq 'undef' || $v eq '<undef>'  ) {
          $v = 0;
        }
        # some weird, old META have bad yml with module => module
        # so check if value is like a module name and not like a version
        if ( _is_module_name($v) && ! version::is_lax($v) ) {
          $new_map->add_minimum($k => 0);
          $new_map->add_minimum($v => 0);
        }
        $new_map->add_string_requirement($k => $v);
      }
      return $new_map->as_string_hash;
    }
    elsif ( ref $element eq 'ARRAY' ) {
      my $hashref = { map { $_ => 0 } @$element };
      return _version_map($hashref); # cleanup any weird stuff
    }
    elsif ( ref $element eq '' && length $element ) {
      return { $element => 0 }
    }
    return;
  }
  
  sub _prereqs_from_1 {
    my (undef, undef, $meta) = @_;
    my $prereqs = {};
    for my $phase ( qw/build configure/ ) {
      my $key = "${phase}_requires";
      $prereqs->{$phase}{requires} = _version_map($meta->{$key})
        if $meta->{$key};
    }
    for my $rel ( qw/requires recommends conflicts/ ) {
      $prereqs->{runtime}{$rel} = _version_map($meta->{$rel})
        if $meta->{$rel};
    }
    return $prereqs;
  }
  
  my $prereqs_spec = {
    configure => \&_prereqs_rel,
    build     => \&_prereqs_rel,
    test      => \&_prereqs_rel,
    runtime   => \&_prereqs_rel,
    develop   => \&_prereqs_rel,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  my $relation_spec = {
    requires   => \&_version_map,
    recommends => \&_version_map,
    suggests   => \&_version_map,
    conflicts  => \&_version_map,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _cleanup_prereqs {
    my ($prereqs, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return unless $prereqs && ref $prereqs eq 'HASH';
    return _convert( $prereqs, $prereqs_spec, $to_version );
  }
  
  sub _prereqs_rel {
    my ($relation, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return unless $relation && ref $relation eq 'HASH';
    return _convert( $relation, $relation_spec, $to_version );
  }
  
  
  BEGIN {
    my @old_prereqs = qw(
      requires
      configure_requires
      recommends
      conflicts
    );
  
    for ( @old_prereqs ) {
      my $sub = "_get_$_";
      my ($phase,$type) = split qr/_/, $_;
      if ( ! defined $type ) {
        $type = $phase;
        $phase = 'runtime';
      }
      no strict 'refs';
      *{$sub} = sub { _extract_prereqs($_[2]->{prereqs},$phase,$type) };
    }
  }
  
  sub _get_build_requires {
    my ($data, $key, $meta) = @_;
  
    my $test_h  = _extract_prereqs($_[2]->{prereqs}, qw(test  requires)) || {};
    my $build_h = _extract_prereqs($_[2]->{prereqs}, qw(build requires)) || {};
  
    my $test_req  = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash($test_h);
    my $build_req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash($build_h);
  
    $test_req->add_requirements($build_req)->as_string_hash;
  }
  
  sub _extract_prereqs {
    my ($prereqs, $phase, $type) = @_;
    return unless ref $prereqs eq 'HASH';
    return scalar _version_map($prereqs->{$phase}{$type});
  }
  
  sub _downgrade_optional_features {
    my (undef, undef, $meta) = @_;
    return unless exists $meta->{optional_features};
    my $origin = $meta->{optional_features};
    my $features = {};
    for my $name ( keys %$origin ) {
      $features->{$name} = {
        description => $origin->{$name}{description},
        requires => _extract_prereqs($origin->{$name}{prereqs},'runtime','requires'),
        configure_requires => _extract_prereqs($origin->{$name}{prereqs},'runtime','configure_requires'),
        build_requires => _extract_prereqs($origin->{$name}{prereqs},'runtime','build_requires'),
        recommends => _extract_prereqs($origin->{$name}{prereqs},'runtime','recommends'),
        conflicts => _extract_prereqs($origin->{$name}{prereqs},'runtime','conflicts'),
      };
      for my $k (keys %{$features->{$name}} ) {
        delete $features->{$name}{$k} unless defined $features->{$name}{$k};
      }
    }
    return $features;
  }
  
  sub _upgrade_optional_features {
    my (undef, undef, $meta) = @_;
    return unless exists $meta->{optional_features};
    my $origin = $meta->{optional_features};
    my $features = {};
    for my $name ( keys %$origin ) {
      $features->{$name} = {
        description => $origin->{$name}{description},
        prereqs => _prereqs_from_1(undef, undef, $origin->{$name}),
      };
      delete $features->{$name}{prereqs}{configure};
    }
    return $features;
  }
  
  my $optional_features_2_spec = {
    description => \&_keep,
    prereqs => \&_cleanup_prereqs,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _feature_2 {
    my ($element, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return unless $element && ref $element eq 'HASH';
    _convert( $element, $optional_features_2_spec, $to_version );
  }
  
  sub _cleanup_optional_features_2 {
    my ($element, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return unless $element && ref $element eq 'HASH';
    my $new_data = {};
    for my $k ( keys %$element ) {
      $new_data->{$k} = _feature_2( $element->{$k}, $k, $meta, $to_version );
    }
    return unless keys %$new_data;
    return $new_data;
  }
  
  sub _optional_features_1_4 {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return unless $element;
    $element = _optional_features_as_map($element);
    for my $name ( keys %$element ) {
      for my $drop ( qw/requires_packages requires_os excluded_os/ ) {
        delete $element->{$name}{$drop};
      }
    }
    return $element;
  }
  
  sub _optional_features_as_map {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return unless $element;
    if ( ref $element eq 'ARRAY' ) {
      my %map;
      for my $feature ( @$element ) {
        my (@parts) = %$feature;
        $map{$parts[0]} = $parts[1];
      }
      $element = \%map;
    }
    return $element;
  }
  
  sub _is_urlish { defined $_[0] && $_[0] =~ m{\A[-+.a-z0-9]+:.+}i }
  
  sub _url_or_drop {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return $element if _is_urlish($element);
    return;
  }
  
  sub _url_list {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return unless $element;
    $element = _listify( $element );
    $element = [ grep { _is_urlish($_) } @$element ];
    return unless @$element;
    return $element;
  }
  
  sub _author_list {
    my ($element) = @_;
    return [ 'unknown' ] unless $element;
    $element = _listify( $element );
    $element = [ map { defined $_ && length $_ ? $_ : 'unknown' } @$element ];
    return [ 'unknown' ] unless @$element;
    return $element;
  }
  
  my $resource2_upgrade = {
    license    => sub { return _is_urlish($_[0]) ? _listify( $_[0] ) : undef },
    homepage   => \&_url_or_drop,
    bugtracker => sub {
      my ($item) = @_;
      return unless $item;
      if ( $item =~ m{^mailto:(.*)$} ) { return { mailto => $1 } }
      elsif( _is_urlish($item) ) { return { web => $item } }
      else { return }
    },
    repository => sub { return _is_urlish($_[0]) ? { url => $_[0] } : undef },
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _upgrade_resources_2 {
    my (undef, undef, $meta, $version) = @_;
    return unless exists $meta->{resources};
    return _convert($meta->{resources}, $resource2_upgrade);
  }
  
  my $bugtracker2_spec = {
    web => \&_url_or_drop,
    mailto => \&_keep,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _repo_type {
    my ($element, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return $element if defined $element;
    return unless exists $meta->{url};
    my $repo_url = $meta->{url};
    for my $type ( qw/git svn/ ) {
      return $type if $repo_url =~ m{\A$type};
    }
    return;
  }
  
  my $repository2_spec = {
    web => \&_url_or_drop,
    url => \&_url_or_drop,
    type => \&_repo_type,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  my $resources2_cleanup = {
    license    => \&_url_list,
    homepage   => \&_url_or_drop,
    bugtracker => sub { ref $_[0] ? _convert( $_[0], $bugtracker2_spec ) : undef },
    repository => sub { my $data = shift; ref $data ? _convert( $data, $repository2_spec ) : undef },
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _cleanup_resources_2 {
    my ($resources, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return unless $resources && ref $resources eq 'HASH';
    return _convert($resources, $resources2_cleanup, $to_version);
  }
  
  my $resource1_spec = {
    license    => \&_url_or_drop,
    homepage   => \&_url_or_drop,
    bugtracker => \&_url_or_drop,
    repository => \&_url_or_drop,
    ':custom'  => \&_keep,
  };
  
  sub _resources_1_3 {
    my (undef, undef, $meta, $version) = @_;
    return unless exists $meta->{resources};
    return _convert($meta->{resources}, $resource1_spec);
  }
  
  *_resources_1_4 = *_resources_1_3;
  
  sub _resources_1_2 {
    my (undef, undef, $meta) = @_;
    my $resources = $meta->{resources} || {};
    if ( $meta->{license_url} && ! $resources->{license} ) {
      $resources->{license} = $meta->{license_url}
        if _is_urlish($meta->{license_url});
    }
    return unless keys %$resources;
    return _convert($resources, $resource1_spec);
  }
  
  my $resource_downgrade_spec = {
    license    => sub { return ref $_[0] ? $_[0]->[0] : $_[0] },
    homepage   => \&_url_or_drop,
    bugtracker => sub { return $_[0]->{web} },
    repository => sub { return $_[0]->{url} || $_[0]->{web} },
    ':custom'  => \&_no_prefix_ucfirst_custom,
  };
  
  sub _downgrade_resources {
    my (undef, undef, $meta, $version) = @_;
    return unless exists $meta->{resources};
    return _convert($meta->{resources}, $resource_downgrade_spec);
  }
  
  sub _release_status {
    my ($element, undef, $meta) = @_;
    return $element if $element && $element =~ m{\A(?:stable|testing|unstable)\z};
    return _release_status_from_version(undef, undef, $meta);
  }
  
  sub _release_status_from_version {
    my (undef, undef, $meta) = @_;
    my $version = $meta->{version} || '';
    return ( $version =~ /_/ ) ? 'testing' : 'stable';
  }
  
  my $provides_spec = {
    file => \&_keep,
    version => \&_keep,
  };
  
  my $provides_spec_2 = {
    file => \&_keep,
    version => \&_keep,
    ':custom'  => \&_prefix_custom,
  };
  
  sub _provides {
    my ($element, $key, $meta, $to_version) = @_;
    return unless defined $element && ref $element eq 'HASH';
    my $spec = $to_version == 2 ? $provides_spec_2 : $provides_spec;
    my $new_data = {};
    for my $k ( keys %$element ) {
      $new_data->{$k} = _convert($element->{$k}, $spec, $to_version);
      $new_data->{$k}{version} = _clean_version($element->{$k}{version})
        if exists $element->{$k}{version};
    }
    return $new_data;
  }
  
  sub _convert {
    my ($data, $spec, $to_version, $is_fragment) = @_;
  
    my $new_data = {};
    for my $key ( keys %$spec ) {
      next if $key eq ':custom' || $key eq ':drop';
      next unless my $fcn = $spec->{$key};
      if ( $is_fragment && $key eq 'generated_by' ) {
        $fcn = \&_keep;
      }
      die "spec for '$key' is not a coderef"
        unless ref $fcn && ref $fcn eq 'CODE';
      my $new_value = $fcn->($data->{$key}, $key, $data, $to_version);
      $new_data->{$key} = $new_value if defined $new_value;
    }
  
    my $drop_list   = $spec->{':drop'};
    my $customizer  = $spec->{':custom'} || \&_keep;
  
    for my $key ( keys %$data ) {
      next if $drop_list && grep { $key eq $_ } @$drop_list;
      next if exists $spec->{$key}; # we handled it
      $new_data->{ $customizer->($key) } = $data->{$key};
    }
  
    return $new_data;
  }
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # define converters for each conversion
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  # each converts from prior version
  # special ":custom" field is used for keys not recognized in spec
  my %up_convert = (
    '2-from-1.4' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_2,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # CHANGED TO MANDATORY
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      # ADDED MANDATORY
      'release_status'      => \&_release_status_from_version,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_upgrade_optional_features,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'resources'           => \&_upgrade_resources_2,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'description'         => \&_keep,
      'prereqs'             => \&_prereqs_from_1,
  
      # drop these deprecated fields, but only after we convert
      ':drop' => [ qw(
          build_requires
          configure_requires
          conflicts
          distribution_type
          license_url
          private
          recommends
          requires
      ) ],
  
      # other random keys need x_ prefixing
      ':custom'              => \&_prefix_custom,
    },
    '1.4-from-1.3' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_1_4,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_4,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'configure_requires'  => \&_keep,
  
      # drop these deprecated fields, but only after we convert
      ':drop' => [ qw(
        license_url
        private
      )],
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep
    },
    '1.3-from-1.2' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_as_map,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_3,
  
      # drop these deprecated fields, but only after we convert
      ':drop' => [ qw(
        license_url
        private
      )],
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep
    },
    '1.2-from-1.1' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # CHANGED TO MANDATORY
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      # ADDED MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_1_2,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_as_map,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_2,
  
      # drop these deprecated fields, but only after we convert
      ':drop' => [ qw(
        license_url
        private
      )],
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep
    },
    '1.1-from-1.0' => {
      # CHANGED TO MANDATORY
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # IMPLIED MANDATORY
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'license_url'         => \&_url_or_drop,
      'private'             => \&_keep,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep
    },
  );
  
  my %down_convert = (
    '1.4-from-2' => {
      # MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_downgrade_license,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_get_build_requires,
      'configure_requires'  => \&_get_configure_requires,
      'conflicts'           => \&_get_conflicts,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_downgrade_optional_features,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_get_recommends,
      'requires'            => \&_get_requires,
      'resources'           => \&_downgrade_resources,
  
      # drop these unsupported fields (after conversion)
      ':drop' => [ qw(
        description
        prereqs
        release_status
      )],
  
      # custom keys will be left unchanged
      ':custom'              => \&_keep
    },
    '1.3-from-1.4' => {
      # MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_as_map,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_3,
  
      # drop these unsupported fields, but only after we convert
      ':drop' => [ qw(
        configure_requires
      )],
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep,
    },
    '1.2-from-1.3' => {
      # MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_1_2,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_as_map,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_3,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep,
    },
    '1.1-from-1.2' => {
      # MANDATORY
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # IMPLIED MANDATORY
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      # OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'private'             => \&_keep,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
  
      # drop unsupported fields
      ':drop' => [ qw(
        abstract
        author
        provides
        no_index
        keywords
        resources
      )],
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep,
    },
    '1.0-from-1.1' => {
      # IMPLIED MANDATORY
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'              => \&_keep,
    },
  );
  
  my %cleanup = (
    '2' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_2,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # CHANGED TO MANDATORY
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      # ADDED MANDATORY
      'release_status'      => \&_release_status,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_cleanup_optional_features_2,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'resources'           => \&_cleanup_resources_2,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'description'         => \&_keep,
      'prereqs'             => \&_cleanup_prereqs,
  
      # drop these deprecated fields, but only after we convert
      ':drop' => [ qw(
          build_requires
          configure_requires
          conflicts
          distribution_type
          license_url
          private
          recommends
          requires
      ) ],
  
      # other random keys need x_ prefixing
      ':custom'              => \&_prefix_custom,
    },
    '1.4' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_1_4,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_4,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'configure_requires'  => \&_keep,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'             => \&_keep
    },
    '1.3' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_directory,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_as_map,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_3,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'             => \&_keep
    },
    '1.2' => {
      # PRIOR MANDATORY
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # CHANGED TO MANDATORY
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      # ADDED MANDATORY
      'abstract'            => \&_keep_or_unknown,
      'author'              => \&_author_list,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'keywords'            => \&_keep,
      'no_index'            => \&_no_index_1_2,
      'optional_features'   => \&_optional_features_as_map,
      'provides'            => \&_provides,
      'resources'           => \&_resources_1_2,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'             => \&_keep
    },
    '1.1' => {
      # CHANGED TO MANDATORY
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # IMPLIED MANDATORY
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      # PRIOR OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
      # ADDED OPTIONAL
      'license_url'         => \&_url_or_drop,
      'private'             => \&_keep,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'             => \&_keep
    },
    '1.0' => {
      # IMPLIED MANDATORY
      'name'                => \&_keep,
      'meta-spec'           => \&_change_meta_spec,
      'version'             => \&_keep,
      # IMPLIED OPTIONAL
      'build_requires'      => \&_version_map,
      'conflicts'           => \&_version_map,
      'distribution_type'   => \&_keep,
      'dynamic_config'      => \&_keep_or_one,
      'generated_by'        => \&_generated_by,
      'license'             => \&_license_1,
      'recommends'          => \&_version_map,
      'requires'            => \&_version_map,
  
      # other random keys are OK if already valid
      ':custom'             => \&_keep,
    },
  );
  
  # for a given field in a spec version, what fields will it feed
  # into in the *latest* spec (i.e. v2); meta-spec omitted because
  # we always expect a meta-spec to be generated
  my %fragments_generate = (
    '2' => {
      'abstract'            =>   'abstract',
      'author'              =>   'author',
      'generated_by'        =>   'generated_by',
      'license'             =>   'license',
      'name'                =>   'name',
      'version'             =>   'version',
      'dynamic_config'      =>   'dynamic_config',
      'release_status'      =>   'release_status',
      'keywords'            =>   'keywords',
      'no_index'            =>   'no_index',
      'optional_features'   =>   'optional_features',
      'provides'            =>   'provides',
      'resources'           =>   'resources',
      'description'         =>   'description',
      'prereqs'             =>   'prereqs',
    },
    '1.4' => {
      'abstract'            => 'abstract',
      'author'              => 'author',
      'generated_by'        => 'generated_by',
      'license'             => 'license',
      'name'                => 'name',
      'version'             => 'version',
      'build_requires'      => 'prereqs',
      'conflicts'           => 'prereqs',
      'distribution_type'   => 'distribution_type',
      'dynamic_config'      => 'dynamic_config',
      'keywords'            => 'keywords',
      'no_index'            => 'no_index',
      'optional_features'   => 'optional_features',
      'provides'            => 'provides',
      'recommends'          => 'prereqs',
      'requires'            => 'prereqs',
      'resources'           => 'resources',
      'configure_requires'  => 'prereqs',
    },
  );
  # this is not quite true but will work well enough
  # as 1.4 is a superset of earlier ones
  $fragments_generate{$_} = $fragments_generate{'1.4'} for qw/1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0/;
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # Code
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  #pod =method new
  #pod
  #pod   my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
  #pod
  #pod The constructor should be passed a valid metadata structure but invalid
  #pod structures are accepted.  If no meta-spec version is provided, version 1.0 will
  #pod be assumed.
  #pod
  #pod Optionally, you can provide a C<default_version> argument after C<$struct>:
  #pod
  #pod   my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct, default_version => "1.4" );
  #pod
  #pod This is only needed when converting a metadata fragment that does not include a
  #pod C<meta-spec> field.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub new {
    my ($class,$data,%args) = @_;
  
    # create an attributes hash
    my $self = {
      'data'    => $data,
      'spec'    => _extract_spec_version($data, $args{default_version}),
    };
  
    # create the object
    return bless $self, $class;
  }
  
  sub _extract_spec_version {
      my ($data, $default) = @_;
      my $spec = $data->{'meta-spec'};
  
      # is meta-spec there and valid?
      return( $default || "1.0" ) unless defined $spec && ref $spec eq 'HASH'; # before meta-spec?
  
      # does the version key look like a valid version?
      my $v = $spec->{version};
      if ( defined $v && $v =~ /^\d+(?:\.\d+)?$/ ) {
          return $v if defined $v && grep { $v eq $_ } keys %known_specs; # known spec
          return $v+0 if defined $v && grep { $v == $_ } keys %known_specs; # 2.0 => 2
      }
  
      # otherwise, use heuristics: look for 1.x vs 2.0 fields
      return "2" if exists $data->{prereqs};
      return "1.4" if exists $data->{configure_requires};
      return( $default || "1.2" ); # when meta-spec was first defined
  }
  
  #pod =method convert
  #pod
  #pod   my $new_struct = $cmc->convert( version => "2" );
  #pod
  #pod Returns a new hash reference with the metadata converted to a different form.
  #pod C<convert> will die if any conversion/standardization still results in an
  #pod invalid structure.
  #pod
  #pod Valid parameters include:
  #pod
  #pod =over
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod C<version> -- Indicates the desired specification version (e.g. "1.0", "1.1" ... "1.4", "2").
  #pod Defaults to the latest version of the CPAN Meta Spec.
  #pod
  #pod =back
  #pod
  #pod Conversion proceeds through each version in turn.  For example, a version 1.2
  #pod structure might be converted to 1.3 then 1.4 then finally to version 2. The
  #pod conversion process attempts to clean-up simple errors and standardize data.
  #pod For example, if C<author> is given as a scalar, it will converted to an array
  #pod reference containing the item. (Converting a structure to its own version will
  #pod also clean-up and standardize.)
  #pod
  #pod When data are cleaned and standardized, missing or invalid fields will be
  #pod replaced with sensible defaults when possible.  This may be lossy or imprecise.
  #pod For example, some badly structured META.yml files on CPAN have prerequisite
  #pod modules listed as both keys and values:
  #pod
  #pod   requires => { 'Foo::Bar' => 'Bam::Baz' }
  #pod
  #pod These would be split and each converted to a prerequisite with a minimum
  #pod version of zero.
  #pod
  #pod When some mandatory fields are missing or invalid, the conversion will attempt
  #pod to provide a sensible default or will fill them with a value of 'unknown'.  For
  #pod example a missing or unrecognized C<license> field will result in a C<license>
  #pod field of 'unknown'.  Fields that may get an 'unknown' include:
  #pod
  #pod =for :list
  #pod * abstract
  #pod * author
  #pod * license
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub convert {
    my ($self, %args) = @_;
    my $args = { %args };
  
    my $new_version = $args->{version} || $HIGHEST;
    my $is_fragment = $args->{is_fragment};
  
    my ($old_version) = $self->{spec};
    my $converted = _dclone($self->{data});
  
    if ( $old_version == $new_version ) {
      $converted = _convert( $converted, $cleanup{$old_version}, $old_version, $is_fragment );
      unless ( $args->{is_fragment} ) {
        my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $converted );
        unless ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
          my $errs = join("\n", $cmv->errors);
          die "Failed to clean-up $old_version metadata. Errors:\n$errs\n";
        }
      }
      return $converted;
    }
    elsif ( $old_version > $new_version )  {
      my @vers = sort { $b <=> $a } keys %known_specs;
      for my $i ( 0 .. $#vers-1 ) {
        next if $vers[$i] > $old_version;
        last if $vers[$i+1] < $new_version;
        my $spec_string = "$vers[$i+1]-from-$vers[$i]";
        $converted = _convert( $converted, $down_convert{$spec_string}, $vers[$i+1], $is_fragment );
        unless ( $args->{is_fragment} ) {
          my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $converted );
          unless ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
            my $errs = join("\n", $cmv->errors);
            die "Failed to downconvert metadata to $vers[$i+1]. Errors:\n$errs\n";
          }
        }
      }
      return $converted;
    }
    else {
      my @vers = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %known_specs;
      for my $i ( 0 .. $#vers-1 ) {
        next if $vers[$i] < $old_version;
        last if $vers[$i+1] > $new_version;
        my $spec_string = "$vers[$i+1]-from-$vers[$i]";
        $converted = _convert( $converted, $up_convert{$spec_string}, $vers[$i+1], $is_fragment );
        unless ( $args->{is_fragment} ) {
          my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $converted );
          unless ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
            my $errs = join("\n", $cmv->errors);
            die "Failed to upconvert metadata to $vers[$i+1]. Errors:\n$errs\n";
          }
        }
      }
      return $converted;
    }
  }
  
  #pod =method upgrade_fragment
  #pod
  #pod   my $new_struct = $cmc->upgrade_fragment;
  #pod
  #pod Returns a new hash reference with the metadata converted to the latest version
  #pod of the CPAN Meta Spec.  No validation is done on the result -- you must
  #pod validate after merging fragments into a complete metadata document.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub upgrade_fragment {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ($old_version) = $self->{spec};
    my %expected =
      map {; $_ => 1 }
      grep { defined }
      map { $fragments_generate{$old_version}{$_} }
      keys %{ $self->{data} };
    my $converted = $self->convert( version => $HIGHEST, is_fragment => 1 );
    for my $key ( keys %$converted ) {
      next if $key =~ /^x_/i || $key eq 'meta-spec';
      delete $converted->{$key} unless $expected{$key};
    }
    return $converted;
  }
  
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Converter - Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    my $struct = decode_json_file('META.json');
  
    my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
  
    my $new_struct = $cmc->convert( version => "2" );
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This module converts CPAN Meta structures from one form to another.  The
  primary use is to convert older structures to the most modern version of
  the specification, but other transformations may be implemented in the
  future as needed.  (E.g. stripping all custom fields or stripping all
  optional fields.)
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
    my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct );
  
  The constructor should be passed a valid metadata structure but invalid
  structures are accepted.  If no meta-spec version is provided, version 1.0 will
  be assumed.
  
  Optionally, you can provide a C<default_version> argument after C<$struct>:
  
    my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new( $struct, default_version => "1.4" );
  
  This is only needed when converting a metadata fragment that does not include a
  C<meta-spec> field.
  
  =head2 convert
  
    my $new_struct = $cmc->convert( version => "2" );
  
  Returns a new hash reference with the metadata converted to a different form.
  C<convert> will die if any conversion/standardization still results in an
  invalid structure.
  
  Valid parameters include:
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  C<version> -- Indicates the desired specification version (e.g. "1.0", "1.1" ... "1.4", "2").
  Defaults to the latest version of the CPAN Meta Spec.
  
  =back
  
  Conversion proceeds through each version in turn.  For example, a version 1.2
  structure might be converted to 1.3 then 1.4 then finally to version 2. The
  conversion process attempts to clean-up simple errors and standardize data.
  For example, if C<author> is given as a scalar, it will converted to an array
  reference containing the item. (Converting a structure to its own version will
  also clean-up and standardize.)
  
  When data are cleaned and standardized, missing or invalid fields will be
  replaced with sensible defaults when possible.  This may be lossy or imprecise.
  For example, some badly structured META.yml files on CPAN have prerequisite
  modules listed as both keys and values:
  
    requires => { 'Foo::Bar' => 'Bam::Baz' }
  
  These would be split and each converted to a prerequisite with a minimum
  version of zero.
  
  When some mandatory fields are missing or invalid, the conversion will attempt
  to provide a sensible default or will fill them with a value of 'unknown'.  For
  example a missing or unrecognized C<license> field will result in a C<license>
  field of 'unknown'.  Fields that may get an 'unknown' include:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  abstract
  
  =item *
  
  author
  
  =item *
  
  license
  
  =back
  
  =head2 upgrade_fragment
  
    my $new_struct = $cmc->upgrade_fragment;
  
  Returns a new hash reference with the metadata converted to the latest version
  of the CPAN Meta Spec.  No validation is done on the result -- you must
  validate after merging fragments into a complete metadata document.
  
  =head1 BUGS
  
  Please report any bugs or feature using the CPAN Request Tracker.
  Bugs can be submitted through the web interface at
  L<http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CPAN-Meta>
  
  When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an
  existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
  
  __END__
  
  
  # vim: ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 et:
CPAN_META_CONVERTER

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Feature.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_FEATURE';
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::Feature;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::Feature::VERSION = '2.143240';
  use CPAN::Meta::Prereqs;
  
  #pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
  #pod
  #pod A CPAN::Meta::Feature object describes an optional feature offered by a CPAN
  #pod distribution and specified in the distribution's F<META.json> (or F<META.yml>)
  #pod file.
  #pod
  #pod For the most part, this class will only be used when operating on the result of
  #pod the C<feature> or C<features> methods on a L<CPAN::Meta> object.
  #pod
  #pod =method new
  #pod
  #pod   my $feature = CPAN::Meta::Feature->new( $identifier => \%spec );
  #pod
  #pod This returns a new Feature object.  The C<%spec> argument to the constructor
  #pod should be the same as the value of the C<optional_feature> entry in the
  #pod distmeta.  It must contain entries for C<description> and C<prereqs>.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub new {
    my ($class, $identifier, $spec) = @_;
  
    my %guts = (
      identifier  => $identifier,
      description => $spec->{description},
      prereqs     => CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new($spec->{prereqs}),
    );
  
    bless \%guts => $class;
  }
  
  #pod =method identifier
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the feature's identifier.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub identifier  { $_[0]{identifier}  }
  
  #pod =method description
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the feature's long description.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub description { $_[0]{description} }
  
  #pod =method prereqs
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the feature's prerequisites as a L<CPAN::Meta::Prereqs>
  #pod object.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub prereqs     { $_[0]{prereqs} }
  
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: an optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Feature - an optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  A CPAN::Meta::Feature object describes an optional feature offered by a CPAN
  distribution and specified in the distribution's F<META.json> (or F<META.yml>)
  file.
  
  For the most part, this class will only be used when operating on the result of
  the C<feature> or C<features> methods on a L<CPAN::Meta> object.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
    my $feature = CPAN::Meta::Feature->new( $identifier => \%spec );
  
  This returns a new Feature object.  The C<%spec> argument to the constructor
  should be the same as the value of the C<optional_feature> entry in the
  distmeta.  It must contain entries for C<description> and C<prereqs>.
  
  =head2 identifier
  
  This method returns the feature's identifier.
  
  =head2 description
  
  This method returns the feature's long description.
  
  =head2 prereqs
  
  This method returns the feature's prerequisites as a L<CPAN::Meta::Prereqs>
  object.
  
  =head1 BUGS
  
  Please report any bugs or feature using the CPAN Request Tracker.
  Bugs can be submitted through the web interface at
  L<http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CPAN-Meta>
  
  When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an
  existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_FEATURE

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/History.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_HISTORY';
  # vi:tw=72
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::History;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::History::VERSION = '2.143240';
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: history of CPAN Meta Spec changes
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::History - history of CPAN Meta Spec changes
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  The CPAN Meta Spec has gone through several iterations.  It was
  originally written in HTML and later revised into POD (though published
  in HTML generated from the POD).  Fields were added, removed or changed,
  sometimes by design and sometimes to reflect real-world usage after the
  fact.
  
  This document reconstructs the history of the CPAN Meta Spec based on
  change logs, repository commit messages and the published HTML files.
  In some cases, particularly prior to version 1.2, the exact version
  when certain fields were introduced or changed is inconsistent between
  sources.  When in doubt, the published HTML files for versions 1.0 to
  1.4 as they existed when version 2 was developed are used as the
  definitive source.
  
  Starting with version 2, the specification document is part of the
  CPAN-Meta distribution and will be published on CPAN as
  L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>.
  
  Going forward, specification version numbers will be integers and
  decimal portions will correspond to a release date for the CPAN::Meta
  library.
  
  =head1 HISTORY
  
  =head2 Version 2
  
  April 2010
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Revised spec examples as perl data structures rather than YAML
  
  =item *
  
  Switched to JSON serialization from YAML
  
  =item *
  
  Specified allowed version number formats
  
  =item *
  
  Replaced 'requires', 'build_requires', 'configure_requires',
  'recommends' and 'conflicts' with new 'prereqs' data structure divided
  by I<phase> (configure, build, test, runtime, etc.) and I<relationship>
  (requires, recommends, suggests, conflicts)
  
  =item *
  
  Added support for 'develop' phase for requirements for maintaining
  a list of authoring tools
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'license' to a list and revised the set of valid licenses
  
  =item *
  
  Made 'dynamic_config' mandatory to reduce confusion
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'resources' subkey 'repository' to a hash that clarifies
  repository type, url for browsing and url for checkout
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'resources' subkey 'bugtracker' to a hash for either web
  or mailto resource
  
  =item *
  
  Changed specification of 'optional_features':
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Added formal specification and usage guide instead of just example
  
  =item *
  
  Changed to use new prereqs data structure instead of individual keys
  
  =back
  
  =item *
  
  Clarified intended use of 'author' as generalized contact list
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'release_status' field to indicate stable, testing or unstable
  status to provide hints to indexers
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'description' field for a longer description of the distribution
  
  =item *
  
  Formalized use of "x_" or "X_" for all custom keys not listed in the
  official spec
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Version 1.4
  
  June 2008
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Noted explicit support for 'perl' in prerequisites
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'configure_requires' prerequisite type
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'optional_features'
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Example corrected to show map of maps instead of list of maps
  (though descriptive text said 'map' even in v1.3)
  
  =item *
  
  Removed 'requires_packages', 'requires_os' and 'excluded_os'
  as valid subkeys
  
  =back
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Version 1.3
  
  November 2006
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'no_index' subkey 'directory' and removed 'dir' to match actual
  usage in the wild
  
  =item *
  
  Added a 'repository' subkey to 'resources'
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Version 1.2
  
  August 2005
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Re-wrote and restructured spec in POD syntax
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'name' to be mandatory
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'generated_by' to be mandatory
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'license' to be mandatory
  
  =item *
  
  Added version range specifications for prerequisites
  
  =item *
  
  Added required 'abstract' field
  
  =item *
  
  Added required 'author' field
  
  =item *
  
  Added required 'meta-spec' field to define 'version' (and 'url') of the
  CPAN Meta Spec used for metadata
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'provides' field
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'no_index' field and deprecated 'private' field.  'no_index'
  subkeys include 'file', 'dir', 'package' and 'namespace'
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'keywords' field
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'resources' field with subkeys 'homepage', 'license', and
  'bugtracker'
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'optional_features' field as an alternate under 'recommends'.
  Includes 'description', 'requires', 'build_requires', 'conflicts',
  'requires_packages', 'requires_os' and 'excluded_os' as valid subkeys
  
  =item *
  
  Removed 'license_uri' field
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Version 1.1
  
  May 2003
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Changed 'version' to be mandatory
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'private' field
  
  =item *
  
  Added 'license_uri' field
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Version 1.0
  
  March 2003
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  Original release (in HTML format only)
  
  =item *
  
  Included 'name', 'version', 'license', 'distribution_type', 'requires',
  'recommends', 'build_requires', 'conflicts', 'dynamic_config',
  'generated_by'
  
  =back
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_HISTORY

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Merge.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_MERGE';
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  package CPAN::Meta::Merge;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::Merge::VERSION = '2.143240';
  use Carp qw/croak/;
  use Scalar::Util qw/blessed/;
  use CPAN::Meta::Converter;
  
  sub _identical {
    my ($left, $right, $path) = @_;
    croak sprintf "Can't merge attribute %s: '%s' does not equal '%s'", join('.', @{$path}), $left, $right unless $left eq $right;
    return $left;
  }
  
  sub _merge {
    my ($current, $next, $mergers, $path) = @_;
    for my $key (keys %{$next}) {
      if (not exists $current->{$key}) {
        $current->{$key} = $next->{$key};
      }
      elsif (my $merger = $mergers->{$key}) {
        $current->{$key} = $merger->($current->{$key}, $next->{$key}, [ @{$path}, $key ]);
      }
      elsif ($merger = $mergers->{':default'}) {
        $current->{$key} = $merger->($current->{$key}, $next->{$key}, [ @{$path}, $key ]);
      }
      else {
        croak sprintf "Can't merge unknown attribute '%s'", join '.', @{$path}, $key;
      }
    }
    return $current;
  }
  
  sub _uniq {
    my %seen = ();
    return grep { not $seen{$_}++ } @_;
  }
  
  sub _set_addition {
    my ($left, $right) = @_;
    return [ +_uniq(@{$left}, @{$right}) ];
  }
  
  sub _uniq_map {
    my ($left, $right, $path) = @_;
    for my $key (keys %{$right}) {
      if (not exists $left->{$key}) {
        $left->{$key} = $right->{$key};
      }
      else {
        croak 'Duplication of element ' . join '.', @{$path}, $key;
      }
    }
    return $left;
  }
  
  sub _improvize {
    my ($left, $right, $path) = @_;
    my ($name) = reverse @{$path};
    if ($name =~ /^x_/) {
      if (ref($left) eq 'ARRAY') {
        return _set_addition($left, $right, $path);
      }
      elsif (ref($left) eq 'HASH') {
        return _uniq_map($left, $right, $path);
      }
      else {
        return _identical($left, $right, $path);
      }
    }
    croak sprintf "Can't merge '%s'", join '.', @{$path};
  }
  
  sub _optional_features {
    my ($left, $right, $path) = @_;
  
    for my $key (keys %{$right}) {
      if (not exists $left->{$key}) {
        $left->{$key} = $right->{$key};
      }
      else {
        for my $subkey (keys %{ $right->{$key} }) {
          next if $subkey eq 'prereqs';
          if (not exists $left->{$key}{$subkey}) {
            $left->{$key}{$subkey} = $right->{$key}{$subkey};
          }
          else {
            Carp::croak "Cannot merge two optional_features named '$key' with different '$subkey' values"
              if do { no warnings 'uninitialized'; $left->{$key}{$subkey} ne $right->{$key}{$subkey} };
          }
        }
  
        require CPAN::Meta::Prereqs;
        $left->{$key}{prereqs} =
          CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new($left->{$key}{prereqs})
            ->with_merged_prereqs(CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new($right->{$key}{prereqs}))
            ->as_string_hash;
      }
    }
    return $left;
  }
  
  
  my %default = (
    abstract       => \&_identical,
    author         => \&_set_addition,
    dynamic_config => sub {
      my ($left, $right) = @_;
      return $left || $right;
    },
    generated_by => sub {
      my ($left, $right) = @_;
      return join ', ', _uniq(split(/, /, $left), split(/, /, $right));
    },
    license     => \&_set_addition,
    'meta-spec' => {
      version => \&_identical,
      url     => \&_identical
    },
    name              => \&_identical,
    release_status    => \&_identical,
    version           => \&_identical,
    description       => \&_identical,
    keywords          => \&_set_addition,
    no_index          => { map { ($_ => \&_set_addition) } qw/file directory package namespace/ },
    optional_features => \&_optional_features,
    prereqs           => sub {
      require CPAN::Meta::Prereqs;
      my ($left, $right) = map { CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new($_) } @_[0,1];
      return $left->with_merged_prereqs($right)->as_string_hash;
    },
    provides  => \&_uniq_map,
    resources => {
      license    => \&_set_addition,
      homepage   => \&_identical,
      bugtracker => \&_uniq_map,
      repository => \&_uniq_map,
      ':default' => \&_improvize,
    },
    ':default' => \&_improvize,
  );
  
  sub new {
    my ($class, %arguments) = @_;
    croak 'default version required' if not exists $arguments{default_version};
    my %mapping = %default;
    my %extra = %{ $arguments{extra_mappings} || {} };
    for my $key (keys %extra) {
      if (ref($mapping{$key}) eq 'HASH') {
        $mapping{$key} = { %{ $mapping{$key} }, %{ $extra{$key} } };
      }
      else {
        $mapping{$key} = $extra{$key};
      }
    }
    return bless {
      default_version => $arguments{default_version},
      mapping => _coerce_mapping(\%mapping, []),
    }, $class;
  }
  
  my %coderef_for = (
    set_addition => \&_set_addition,
    uniq_map     => \&_uniq_map,
    identical    => \&_identical,
    improvize    => \&_improvize,
  );
  
  sub _coerce_mapping {
    my ($orig, $map_path) = @_;
    my %ret;
    for my $key (keys %{$orig}) {
      my $value = $orig->{$key};
      if (ref($orig->{$key}) eq 'CODE') {
        $ret{$key} = $value;
      }
      elsif (ref($value) eq 'HASH') {
        my $mapping = _coerce_mapping($value, [ @{$map_path}, $key ]);
        $ret{$key} = sub {
          my ($left, $right, $path) = @_;
          return _merge($left, $right, $mapping, [ @{$path} ]);
        };
      }
      elsif ($coderef_for{$value}) {
        $ret{$key} = $coderef_for{$value};
      }
      else {
        croak "Don't know what to do with " . join '.', @{$map_path}, $key;
      }
    }
    return \%ret;
  }
  
  sub merge {
    my ($self, @items) = @_;
    my $current = {};
    for my $next (@items) {
      if ( blessed($next) && $next->isa('CPAN::Meta') ) {
        $next = $next->as_struct;
      }
      elsif ( ref($next) eq 'HASH' ) {
        my $cmc = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new(
          $next, default_version => $self->{default_version}
        );
        $next = $cmc->upgrade_fragment;
      }
      else {
        croak "Don't know how to merge '$next'";
      }
      $current = _merge($current, $next, $self->{mapping}, []);
    }
    return $current;
  }
  
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: Merging CPAN Meta fragments
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Merge - Merging CPAN Meta fragments
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
   my $merger = CPAN::Meta::Merge->new(default_version => "2");
   my $meta = $merger->merge($base, @additional);
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
  This creates a CPAN::Meta::Merge object. It takes one mandatory named
  argument, C<version>, declaring the version of the meta-spec that must be
  used for the merge. It can optionally take an C<extra_mappings> argument
  that allows one to add additional merging functions for specific elements.
  
  =head2 merge(@fragments)
  
  Merge all C<@fragments> together. It will accept both CPAN::Meta objects and
  (possibly incomplete) hashrefs of metadata.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_MERGE

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Prereqs.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_PREREQS';
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::Prereqs;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::Prereqs::VERSION = '2.143240';
  #pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
  #pod
  #pod A CPAN::Meta::Prereqs object represents the prerequisites for a CPAN
  #pod distribution or one of its optional features.  Each set of prereqs is
  #pod organized by phase and type, as described in L<CPAN::Meta::Prereqs>.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  use Carp qw(confess);
  use Scalar::Util qw(blessed);
  use CPAN::Meta::Requirements 2.121;
  
  #pod =method new
  #pod
  #pod   my $prereq = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new( \%prereq_spec );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a new set of Prereqs.  The input should look like the
  #pod contents of the C<prereqs> field described in L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>, meaning
  #pod something more or less like this:
  #pod
  #pod   my $prereq = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new({
  #pod     runtime => {
  #pod       requires => {
  #pod         'Some::Module' => '1.234',
  #pod         ...,
  #pod       },
  #pod       ...,
  #pod     },
  #pod     ...,
  #pod   });
  #pod
  #pod You can also construct an empty set of prereqs with:
  #pod
  #pod   my $prereqs = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new;
  #pod
  #pod This empty set of prereqs is useful for accumulating new prereqs before finally
  #pod dumping the whole set into a structure or string.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub __legal_phases { qw(configure build test runtime develop)   }
  sub __legal_types  { qw(requires recommends suggests conflicts) }
  
  # expect a prereq spec from META.json -- rjbs, 2010-04-11
  sub new {
    my ($class, $prereq_spec) = @_;
    $prereq_spec ||= {};
  
    my %is_legal_phase = map {; $_ => 1 } $class->__legal_phases;
    my %is_legal_type  = map {; $_ => 1 } $class->__legal_types;
  
    my %guts;
    PHASE: for my $phase (keys %$prereq_spec) {
      next PHASE unless $phase =~ /\Ax_/i or $is_legal_phase{$phase};
  
      my $phase_spec = $prereq_spec->{ $phase };
      next PHASE unless keys %$phase_spec;
  
      TYPE: for my $type (keys %$phase_spec) {
        next TYPE unless $type =~ /\Ax_/i or $is_legal_type{$type};
  
        my $spec = $phase_spec->{ $type };
  
        next TYPE unless keys %$spec;
  
        $guts{prereqs}{$phase}{$type} = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash(
          $spec
        );
      }
    }
  
    return bless \%guts => $class;
  }
  
  #pod =method requirements_for
  #pod
  #pod   my $requirements = $prereqs->requirements_for( $phase, $type );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a L<CPAN::Meta::Requirements> object for the given
  #pod phase/type combination.  If no prerequisites are registered for that
  #pod combination, a new CPAN::Meta::Requirements object will be returned, and it may
  #pod be added to as needed.
  #pod
  #pod If C<$phase> or C<$type> are undefined or otherwise invalid, an exception will
  #pod be raised.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub requirements_for {
    my ($self, $phase, $type) = @_;
  
    confess "requirements_for called without phase" unless defined $phase;
    confess "requirements_for called without type"  unless defined $type;
  
    unless ($phase =~ /\Ax_/i or grep { $phase eq $_ } $self->__legal_phases) {
      confess "requested requirements for unknown phase: $phase";
    }
  
    unless ($type =~ /\Ax_/i or grep { $type eq $_ } $self->__legal_types) {
      confess "requested requirements for unknown type: $type";
    }
  
    my $req = ($self->{prereqs}{$phase}{$type} ||= CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new);
  
    $req->finalize if $self->is_finalized;
  
    return $req;
  }
  
  #pod =method with_merged_prereqs
  #pod
  #pod   my $new_prereqs = $prereqs->with_merged_prereqs( $other_prereqs );
  #pod
  #pod   my $new_prereqs = $prereqs->with_merged_prereqs( \@other_prereqs );
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a new CPAN::Meta::Prereqs objects in which all the
  #pod other prerequisites given are merged into the current set.  This is primarily
  #pod provided for combining a distribution's core prereqs with the prereqs of one of
  #pod its optional features.
  #pod
  #pod The new prereqs object has no ties to the originals, and altering it further
  #pod will not alter them.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub with_merged_prereqs {
    my ($self, $other) = @_;
  
    my @other = blessed($other) ? $other : @$other;
  
    my @prereq_objs = ($self, @other);
  
    my %new_arg;
  
    for my $phase ($self->__legal_phases) {
      for my $type ($self->__legal_types) {
        my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  
        for my $prereq (@prereq_objs) {
          my $this_req = $prereq->requirements_for($phase, $type);
          next unless $this_req->required_modules;
  
          $req->add_requirements($this_req);
        }
  
        next unless $req->required_modules;
  
        $new_arg{ $phase }{ $type } = $req->as_string_hash;
      }
    }
  
    return (ref $self)->new(\%new_arg);
  }
  
  #pod =method merged_requirements
  #pod
  #pod     my $new_reqs = $prereqs->merged_requirements( \@phases, \@types );
  #pod     my $new_reqs = $prereqs->merged_requirements( \@phases );
  #pod     my $new_reqs = $preerqs->merged_requirements();
  #pod
  #pod This method joins together all requirements across a number of phases
  #pod and types into a new L<CPAN::Meta::Requirements> object.  If arguments
  #pod are omitted, it defaults to "runtime", "build" and "test" for phases
  #pod and "requires" and "recommends" for types.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub merged_requirements {
    my ($self, $phases, $types) = @_;
    $phases = [qw/runtime build test/] unless defined $phases;
    $types = [qw/requires recommends/] unless defined $types;
  
    confess "merged_requirements phases argument must be an arrayref"
      unless ref $phases eq 'ARRAY';
    confess "merged_requirements types argument must be an arrayref"
      unless ref $types eq 'ARRAY';
  
    my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  
    for my $phase ( @$phases ) {
      unless ($phase =~ /\Ax_/i or grep { $phase eq $_ } $self->__legal_phases) {
          confess "requested requirements for unknown phase: $phase";
      }
      for my $type ( @$types ) {
        unless ($type =~ /\Ax_/i or grep { $type eq $_ } $self->__legal_types) {
            confess "requested requirements for unknown type: $type";
        }
        $req->add_requirements( $self->requirements_for($phase, $type) );
      }
    }
  
    $req->finalize if $self->is_finalized;
  
    return $req;
  }
  
  
  #pod =method as_string_hash
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a hashref containing structures suitable for dumping into a
  #pod distmeta data structure.  It is made up of hashes and strings, only; there will
  #pod be no Prereqs, CPAN::Meta::Requirements, or C<version> objects inside it.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub as_string_hash {
    my ($self) = @_;
  
    my %hash;
  
    for my $phase ($self->__legal_phases) {
      for my $type ($self->__legal_types) {
        my $req = $self->requirements_for($phase, $type);
        next unless $req->required_modules;
  
        $hash{ $phase }{ $type } = $req->as_string_hash;
      }
    }
  
    return \%hash;
  }
  
  #pod =method is_finalized
  #pod
  #pod This method returns true if the set of prereqs has been marked "finalized," and
  #pod cannot be altered.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub is_finalized { $_[0]{finalized} }
  
  #pod =method finalize
  #pod
  #pod Calling C<finalize> on a Prereqs object will close it for further modification.
  #pod Attempting to make any changes that would actually alter the prereqs will
  #pod result in an exception being thrown.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub finalize {
    my ($self) = @_;
  
    $self->{finalized} = 1;
  
    for my $phase (keys %{ $self->{prereqs} }) {
      $_->finalize for values %{ $self->{prereqs}{$phase} };
    }
  }
  
  #pod =method clone
  #pod
  #pod   my $cloned_prereqs = $prereqs->clone;
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a Prereqs object that is identical to the original object,
  #pod but can be altered without affecting the original object.  Finalization does
  #pod not survive cloning, meaning that you may clone a finalized set of prereqs and
  #pod then modify the clone.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub clone {
    my ($self) = @_;
  
    my $clone = (ref $self)->new( $self->as_string_hash );
  }
  
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: a set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Prereqs - a set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  A CPAN::Meta::Prereqs object represents the prerequisites for a CPAN
  distribution or one of its optional features.  Each set of prereqs is
  organized by phase and type, as described in L<CPAN::Meta::Prereqs>.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
    my $prereq = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new( \%prereq_spec );
  
  This method returns a new set of Prereqs.  The input should look like the
  contents of the C<prereqs> field described in L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>, meaning
  something more or less like this:
  
    my $prereq = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new({
      runtime => {
        requires => {
          'Some::Module' => '1.234',
          ...,
        },
        ...,
      },
      ...,
    });
  
  You can also construct an empty set of prereqs with:
  
    my $prereqs = CPAN::Meta::Prereqs->new;
  
  This empty set of prereqs is useful for accumulating new prereqs before finally
  dumping the whole set into a structure or string.
  
  =head2 requirements_for
  
    my $requirements = $prereqs->requirements_for( $phase, $type );
  
  This method returns a L<CPAN::Meta::Requirements> object for the given
  phase/type combination.  If no prerequisites are registered for that
  combination, a new CPAN::Meta::Requirements object will be returned, and it may
  be added to as needed.
  
  If C<$phase> or C<$type> are undefined or otherwise invalid, an exception will
  be raised.
  
  =head2 with_merged_prereqs
  
    my $new_prereqs = $prereqs->with_merged_prereqs( $other_prereqs );
  
    my $new_prereqs = $prereqs->with_merged_prereqs( \@other_prereqs );
  
  This method returns a new CPAN::Meta::Prereqs objects in which all the
  other prerequisites given are merged into the current set.  This is primarily
  provided for combining a distribution's core prereqs with the prereqs of one of
  its optional features.
  
  The new prereqs object has no ties to the originals, and altering it further
  will not alter them.
  
  =head2 merged_requirements
  
      my $new_reqs = $prereqs->merged_requirements( \@phases, \@types );
      my $new_reqs = $prereqs->merged_requirements( \@phases );
      my $new_reqs = $preerqs->merged_requirements();
  
  This method joins together all requirements across a number of phases
  and types into a new L<CPAN::Meta::Requirements> object.  If arguments
  are omitted, it defaults to "runtime", "build" and "test" for phases
  and "requires" and "recommends" for types.
  
  =head2 as_string_hash
  
  This method returns a hashref containing structures suitable for dumping into a
  distmeta data structure.  It is made up of hashes and strings, only; there will
  be no Prereqs, CPAN::Meta::Requirements, or C<version> objects inside it.
  
  =head2 is_finalized
  
  This method returns true if the set of prereqs has been marked "finalized," and
  cannot be altered.
  
  =head2 finalize
  
  Calling C<finalize> on a Prereqs object will close it for further modification.
  Attempting to make any changes that would actually alter the prereqs will
  result in an exception being thrown.
  
  =head2 clone
  
    my $cloned_prereqs = $prereqs->clone;
  
  This method returns a Prereqs object that is identical to the original object,
  but can be altered without affecting the original object.  Finalization does
  not survive cloning, meaning that you may clone a finalized set of prereqs and
  then modify the clone.
  
  =head1 BUGS
  
  Please report any bugs or feature using the CPAN Request Tracker.
  Bugs can be submitted through the web interface at
  L<http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CPAN-Meta>
  
  When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an
  existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_PREREQS

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Requirements.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_REQUIREMENTS';
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::Requirements;
  # ABSTRACT: a set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
  
  our $VERSION = '2.131';
  
  #pod =head1 SYNOPSIS
  #pod
  #pod   use CPAN::Meta::Requirements;
  #pod
  #pod   my $build_requires = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  #pod
  #pod   $build_requires->add_minimum('Library::Foo' => 1.208);
  #pod
  #pod   $build_requires->add_minimum('Library::Foo' => 2.602);
  #pod
  #pod   $build_requires->add_minimum('Module::Bar'  => 'v1.2.3');
  #pod
  #pod   $METAyml->{build_requires} = $build_requires->as_string_hash;
  #pod
  #pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
  #pod
  #pod A CPAN::Meta::Requirements object models a set of version constraints like
  #pod those specified in the F<META.yml> or F<META.json> files in CPAN distributions,
  #pod and as defined by L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>;
  #pod It can be built up by adding more and more constraints, and it will reduce them
  #pod to the simplest representation.
  #pod
  #pod Logically impossible constraints will be identified immediately by thrown
  #pod exceptions.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  use Carp ();
  
  # To help ExtUtils::MakeMaker bootstrap CPAN::Meta::Requirements on perls
  # before 5.10, we fall back to the EUMM bundled compatibility version module if
  # that's the only thing available.  This shouldn't ever happen in a normal CPAN
  # install of CPAN::Meta::Requirements, as version.pm will be picked up from
  # prereqs and be available at runtime.
  
  BEGIN {
    eval "use version ()"; ## no critic
    if ( my $err = $@ ) {
      eval "require ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version" or die $err; ## no critic
    }
  }
  
  # Perl 5.10.0 didn't have "is_qv" in version.pm
  *_is_qv = version->can('is_qv') ? sub { $_[0]->is_qv } : sub { exists $_[0]->{qv} };
  
  # construct once, reuse many times
  my $V0 = version->new(0);
  
  #pod =method new
  #pod
  #pod   my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  #pod
  #pod This returns a new CPAN::Meta::Requirements object.  It takes an optional
  #pod hash reference argument.  Currently, only one key is supported:
  #pod
  #pod =for :list
  #pod * C<bad_version_hook> -- if provided, when a version cannot be parsed into
  #pod   a version object, this code reference will be called with the invalid
  #pod   version string as first argument, and the module name as second
  #pod   argument.  It must return a valid version object.
  #pod
  #pod All other keys are ignored.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  my @valid_options = qw( bad_version_hook );
  
  sub new {
    my ($class, $options) = @_;
    $options ||= {};
    Carp::croak "Argument to $class\->new() must be a hash reference"
      unless ref $options eq 'HASH';
    my %self = map {; $_ => $options->{$_}} @valid_options;
  
    return bless \%self => $class;
  }
  
  # from version::vpp
  sub _find_magic_vstring {
    my $value = shift;
    my $tvalue = '';
    require B;
    my $sv = B::svref_2object(\$value);
    my $magic = ref($sv) eq 'B::PVMG' ? $sv->MAGIC : undef;
    while ( $magic ) {
      if ( $magic->TYPE eq 'V' ) {
        $tvalue = $magic->PTR;
        $tvalue =~ s/^v?(.+)$/v$1/;
        last;
      }
      else {
        $magic = $magic->MOREMAGIC;
      }
    }
    return $tvalue;
  }
  
  # safe if given an unblessed reference
  sub _isa_version {
    UNIVERSAL::isa( $_[0], 'UNIVERSAL' ) && $_[0]->isa('version')
  }
  
  sub _version_object {
    my ($self, $module, $version) = @_;
  
    my $vobj;
  
    # hack around version::vpp not handling <3 character vstring literals
    if ( $INC{'version/vpp.pm'} || $INC{'ExtUtils/MakeMaker/version/vpp.pm'} ) {
      my $magic = _find_magic_vstring( $version );
      $version = $magic if length $magic;
    }
  
    eval {
      if (not defined $version or $version eq '0') {
        $vobj = $V0;
      }
      elsif ( ref($version) eq 'version' || _isa_version($version) ) {
        $vobj = $version;
      }
      else {
        local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { die "Invalid version: $_[0]" };
        $vobj = version->new($version);
      }
    };
  
    if ( my $err = $@ ) {
      my $hook = $self->{bad_version_hook};
      $vobj = eval { $hook->($version, $module) }
        if ref $hook eq 'CODE';
      unless (eval { $vobj->isa("version") }) {
        $err =~ s{ at .* line \d+.*$}{};
        die "Can't convert '$version': $err";
      }
    }
  
    # ensure no leading '.'
    if ( $vobj =~ m{\A\.} ) {
      $vobj = version->new("0$vobj");
    }
  
    # ensure normal v-string form
    if ( _is_qv($vobj) ) {
      $vobj = version->new($vobj->normal);
    }
  
    return $vobj;
  }
  
  #pod =method add_minimum
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_minimum( $module => $version );
  #pod
  #pod This adds a new minimum version requirement.  If the new requirement is
  #pod redundant to the existing specification, this has no effect.
  #pod
  #pod Minimum requirements are inclusive.  C<$version> is required, along with any
  #pod greater version number.
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the requirements object.
  #pod
  #pod =method add_maximum
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_maximum( $module => $version );
  #pod
  #pod This adds a new maximum version requirement.  If the new requirement is
  #pod redundant to the existing specification, this has no effect.
  #pod
  #pod Maximum requirements are inclusive.  No version strictly greater than the given
  #pod version is allowed.
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the requirements object.
  #pod
  #pod =method add_exclusion
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_exclusion( $module => $version );
  #pod
  #pod This adds a new excluded version.  For example, you might use these three
  #pod method calls:
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_minimum( $module => '1.00' );
  #pod   $req->add_maximum( $module => '1.82' );
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_exclusion( $module => '1.75' );
  #pod
  #pod Any version between 1.00 and 1.82 inclusive would be acceptable, except for
  #pod 1.75.
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the requirements object.
  #pod
  #pod =method exact_version
  #pod
  #pod   $req->exact_version( $module => $version );
  #pod
  #pod This sets the version required for the given module to I<exactly> the given
  #pod version.  No other version would be considered acceptable.
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the requirements object.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  BEGIN {
    for my $type (qw(maximum exclusion exact_version)) {
      my $method = "with_$type";
      my $to_add = $type eq 'exact_version' ? $type : "add_$type";
  
      my $code = sub {
        my ($self, $name, $version) = @_;
  
        $version = $self->_version_object( $name, $version );
  
        $self->__modify_entry_for($name, $method, $version);
  
        return $self;
      };
      
      no strict 'refs';
      *$to_add = $code;
    }
  }
  
  sub add_minimum {
    my ($self, $name, $version) = @_;
  
    if (not defined $version or $version eq '0') {
      return $self if $self->__entry_for($name);
      Carp::confess("can't add new requirements to finalized requirements")
        if $self->is_finalized;
  
      $self->{requirements}{ $name } =
        CPAN::Meta::Requirements::_Range::Range->with_minimum($V0);
    }
    else {
      $version = $self->_version_object( $name, $version );
  
      $self->__modify_entry_for($name, 'with_minimum', $version);
    }
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method add_requirements
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_requirements( $another_req_object );
  #pod
  #pod This method adds all the requirements in the given CPAN::Meta::Requirements object
  #pod to the requirements object on which it was called.  If there are any conflicts,
  #pod an exception is thrown.
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the requirements object.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub add_requirements {
    my ($self, $req) = @_;
  
    for my $module ($req->required_modules) {
      my $modifiers = $req->__entry_for($module)->as_modifiers;
      for my $modifier (@$modifiers) {
        my ($method, @args) = @$modifier;
        $self->$method($module => @args);
      };
    }
  
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method accepts_module
  #pod
  #pod   my $bool = $req->accepts_module($module => $version);
  #pod
  #pod Given an module and version, this method returns true if the version
  #pod specification for the module accepts the provided version.  In other words,
  #pod given:
  #pod
  #pod   Module => '>= 1.00, < 2.00'
  #pod
  #pod We will accept 1.00 and 1.75 but not 0.50 or 2.00.
  #pod
  #pod For modules that do not appear in the requirements, this method will return
  #pod true.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub accepts_module {
    my ($self, $module, $version) = @_;
  
    $version = $self->_version_object( $module, $version );
  
    return 1 unless my $range = $self->__entry_for($module);
    return $range->_accepts($version);
  }
  
  #pod =method clear_requirement
  #pod
  #pod   $req->clear_requirement( $module );
  #pod
  #pod This removes the requirement for a given module from the object.
  #pod
  #pod This method returns the requirements object.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub clear_requirement {
    my ($self, $module) = @_;
  
    return $self unless $self->__entry_for($module);
  
    Carp::confess("can't clear requirements on finalized requirements")
      if $self->is_finalized;
  
    delete $self->{requirements}{ $module };
  
    return $self;
  }
  
  #pod =method requirements_for_module
  #pod
  #pod   $req->requirements_for_module( $module );
  #pod
  #pod This returns a string containing the version requirements for a given module in
  #pod the format described in L<CPAN::Meta::Spec> or undef if the given module has no
  #pod requirements. This should only be used for informational purposes such as error
  #pod messages and should not be interpreted or used for comparison (see
  #pod L</accepts_module> instead.)
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub requirements_for_module {
    my ($self, $module) = @_;
    my $entry = $self->__entry_for($module);
    return unless $entry;
    return $entry->as_string;
  }
  
  #pod =method required_modules
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a list of all the modules for which requirements have been
  #pod specified.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub required_modules { keys %{ $_[0]{requirements} } }
  
  #pod =method clone
  #pod
  #pod   $req->clone;
  #pod
  #pod This method returns a clone of the invocant.  The clone and the original object
  #pod can then be changed independent of one another.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub clone {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my $new = (ref $self)->new;
  
    return $new->add_requirements($self);
  }
  
  sub __entry_for     { $_[0]{requirements}{ $_[1] } }
  
  sub __modify_entry_for {
    my ($self, $name, $method, $version) = @_;
  
    my $fin = $self->is_finalized;
    my $old = $self->__entry_for($name);
  
    Carp::confess("can't add new requirements to finalized requirements")
      if $fin and not $old;
  
    my $new = ($old || 'CPAN::Meta::Requirements::_Range::Range')
            ->$method($version);
  
    Carp::confess("can't modify finalized requirements")
      if $fin and $old->as_string ne $new->as_string;
  
    $self->{requirements}{ $name } = $new;
  }
  
  #pod =method is_simple
  #pod
  #pod This method returns true if and only if all requirements are inclusive minimums
  #pod -- that is, if their string expression is just the version number.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub is_simple {
    my ($self) = @_;
    for my $module ($self->required_modules) {
      # XXX: This is a complete hack, but also entirely correct.
      return if $self->__entry_for($module)->as_string =~ /\s/;
    }
  
    return 1;
  }
  
  #pod =method is_finalized
  #pod
  #pod This method returns true if the requirements have been finalized by having the
  #pod C<finalize> method called on them.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub is_finalized { $_[0]{finalized} }
  
  #pod =method finalize
  #pod
  #pod This method marks the requirements finalized.  Subsequent attempts to change
  #pod the requirements will be fatal, I<if> they would result in a change.  If they
  #pod would not alter the requirements, they have no effect.
  #pod
  #pod If a finalized set of requirements is cloned, the cloned requirements are not
  #pod also finalized.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub finalize { $_[0]{finalized} = 1 }
  
  #pod =method as_string_hash
  #pod
  #pod This returns a reference to a hash describing the requirements using the
  #pod strings in the L<CPAN::Meta::Spec> specification.
  #pod
  #pod For example after the following program:
  #pod
  #pod   my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_minimum('CPAN::Meta::Requirements' => 0.102);
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_minimum('Library::Foo' => 1.208);
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_maximum('Library::Foo' => 2.602);
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_minimum('Module::Bar'  => 'v1.2.3');
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_exclusion('Module::Bar'  => 'v1.2.8');
  #pod
  #pod   $req->exact_version('Xyzzy'  => '6.01');
  #pod
  #pod   my $hashref = $req->as_string_hash;
  #pod
  #pod C<$hashref> would contain:
  #pod
  #pod   {
  #pod     'CPAN::Meta::Requirements' => '0.102',
  #pod     'Library::Foo' => '>= 1.208, <= 2.206',
  #pod     'Module::Bar'  => '>= v1.2.3, != v1.2.8',
  #pod     'Xyzzy'        => '== 6.01',
  #pod   }
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub as_string_hash {
    my ($self) = @_;
  
    my %hash = map {; $_ => $self->{requirements}{$_}->as_string }
               $self->required_modules;
  
    return \%hash;
  }
  
  #pod =method add_string_requirement
  #pod
  #pod   $req->add_string_requirement('Library::Foo' => '>= 1.208, <= 2.206');
  #pod   $req->add_string_requirement('Library::Foo' => v1.208);
  #pod
  #pod This method parses the passed in string and adds the appropriate requirement
  #pod for the given module.  A version can be a Perl "v-string".  It understands
  #pod version ranges as described in the L<CPAN::Meta::Spec/Version Ranges>. For
  #pod example:
  #pod
  #pod =over 4
  #pod
  #pod =item 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item >= 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item <= 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item == 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item != 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item > 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item < 1.3
  #pod
  #pod =item >= 1.3, != 1.5, <= 2.0
  #pod
  #pod A version number without an operator is equivalent to specifying a minimum
  #pod (C<E<gt>=>).  Extra whitespace is allowed.
  #pod
  #pod =back
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  my %methods_for_op = (
    '==' => [ qw(exact_version) ],
    '!=' => [ qw(add_exclusion) ],
    '>=' => [ qw(add_minimum)   ],
    '<=' => [ qw(add_maximum)   ],
    '>'  => [ qw(add_minimum add_exclusion) ],
    '<'  => [ qw(add_maximum add_exclusion) ],
  );
  
  sub add_string_requirement {
    my ($self, $module, $req) = @_;
  
    unless ( defined $req && length $req ) {
      $req = 0;
      $self->_blank_carp($module);
    }
  
    my $magic = _find_magic_vstring( $req );
    if (length $magic) {
      $self->add_minimum($module => $magic);
      return;
    }
  
    my @parts = split qr{\s*,\s*}, $req;
  
    for my $part (@parts) {
      my ($op, $ver) = $part =~ m{\A\s*(==|>=|>|<=|<|!=)\s*(.*)\z};
  
      if (! defined $op) {
        $self->add_minimum($module => $part);
      } else {
        Carp::confess("illegal requirement string: $req")
          unless my $methods = $methods_for_op{ $op };
  
        $self->$_($module => $ver) for @$methods;
      }
    }
  }
  
  #pod =method from_string_hash
  #pod
  #pod   my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash( \%hash );
  #pod   my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash( \%hash, \%opts );
  #pod
  #pod This is an alternate constructor for a CPAN::Meta::Requirements
  #pod object. It takes a hash of module names and version requirement
  #pod strings and returns a new CPAN::Meta::Requirements object. As with
  #pod add_string_requirement, a version can be a Perl "v-string". Optionally,
  #pod you can supply a hash-reference of options, exactly as with the L</new>
  #pod method.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub _blank_carp {
    my ($self, $module) = @_;
    Carp::carp("Undefined requirement for $module treated as '0'");
  }
  
  sub from_string_hash {
    my ($class, $hash, $options) = @_;
  
    my $self = $class->new($options);
  
    for my $module (keys %$hash) {
      my $req = $hash->{$module};
      unless ( defined $req && length $req ) {
        $req = 0;
        $class->_blank_carp($module);
      }
      $self->add_string_requirement($module, $req);
    }
  
    return $self;
  }
  
  ##############################################################
  
  {
    package
      CPAN::Meta::Requirements::_Range::Exact;
    sub _new     { bless { version => $_[1] } => $_[0] }
  
    sub _accepts { return $_[0]{version} == $_[1] }
  
    sub as_string { return "== $_[0]{version}" }
  
    sub as_modifiers { return [ [ exact_version => $_[0]{version} ] ] }
  
    sub _clone {
      (ref $_[0])->_new( version->new( $_[0]{version} ) )
    }
  
    sub with_exact_version {
      my ($self, $version) = @_;
  
      return $self->_clone if $self->_accepts($version);
  
      Carp::confess("illegal requirements: unequal exact version specified");
    }
  
    sub with_minimum {
      my ($self, $minimum) = @_;
      return $self->_clone if $self->{version} >= $minimum;
      Carp::confess("illegal requirements: minimum above exact specification");
    }
  
    sub with_maximum {
      my ($self, $maximum) = @_;
      return $self->_clone if $self->{version} <= $maximum;
      Carp::confess("illegal requirements: maximum below exact specification");
    }
  
    sub with_exclusion {
      my ($self, $exclusion) = @_;
      return $self->_clone unless $exclusion == $self->{version};
      Carp::confess("illegal requirements: excluded exact specification");
    }
  }
  
  ##############################################################
  
  {
    package
      CPAN::Meta::Requirements::_Range::Range;
  
    sub _self { ref($_[0]) ? $_[0] : (bless { } => $_[0]) }
  
    sub _clone {
      return (bless { } => $_[0]) unless ref $_[0];
  
      my ($s) = @_;
      my %guts = (
        (exists $s->{minimum} ? (minimum => version->new($s->{minimum})) : ()),
        (exists $s->{maximum} ? (maximum => version->new($s->{maximum})) : ()),
  
        (exists $s->{exclusions}
          ? (exclusions => [ map { version->new($_) } @{ $s->{exclusions} } ])
          : ()),
      );
  
      bless \%guts => ref($s);
    }
  
    sub as_modifiers {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my @mods;
      push @mods, [ add_minimum => $self->{minimum} ] if exists $self->{minimum};
      push @mods, [ add_maximum => $self->{maximum} ] if exists $self->{maximum};
      push @mods, map {; [ add_exclusion => $_ ] } @{$self->{exclusions} || []};
      return \@mods;
    }
  
    sub as_string {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      return 0 if ! keys %$self;
  
      return "$self->{minimum}" if (keys %$self) == 1 and exists $self->{minimum};
  
      my @exclusions = @{ $self->{exclusions} || [] };
  
      my @parts;
  
      for my $pair (
        [ qw( >= > minimum ) ],
        [ qw( <= < maximum ) ],
      ) {
        my ($op, $e_op, $k) = @$pair;
        if (exists $self->{$k}) {
          my @new_exclusions = grep { $_ != $self->{ $k } } @exclusions;
          if (@new_exclusions == @exclusions) {
            push @parts, "$op $self->{ $k }";
          } else {
            push @parts, "$e_op $self->{ $k }";
            @exclusions = @new_exclusions;
          }
        }
      }
  
      push @parts, map {; "!= $_" } @exclusions;
  
      return join q{, }, @parts;
    }
  
    sub with_exact_version {
      my ($self, $version) = @_;
      $self = $self->_clone;
  
      Carp::confess("illegal requirements: exact specification outside of range")
        unless $self->_accepts($version);
  
      return CPAN::Meta::Requirements::_Range::Exact->_new($version);
    }
  
    sub _simplify {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      if (defined $self->{minimum} and defined $self->{maximum}) {
        if ($self->{minimum} == $self->{maximum}) {
          Carp::confess("illegal requirements: excluded all values")
            if grep { $_ == $self->{minimum} } @{ $self->{exclusions} || [] };
  
          return CPAN::Meta::Requirements::_Range::Exact->_new($self->{minimum})
        }
  
        Carp::confess("illegal requirements: minimum exceeds maximum")
          if $self->{minimum} > $self->{maximum};
      }
  
      # eliminate irrelevant exclusions
      if ($self->{exclusions}) {
        my %seen;
        @{ $self->{exclusions} } = grep {
          (! defined $self->{minimum} or $_ >= $self->{minimum})
          and
          (! defined $self->{maximum} or $_ <= $self->{maximum})
          and
          ! $seen{$_}++
        } @{ $self->{exclusions} };
      }
  
      return $self;
    }
  
    sub with_minimum {
      my ($self, $minimum) = @_;
      $self = $self->_clone;
  
      if (defined (my $old_min = $self->{minimum})) {
        $self->{minimum} = (sort { $b cmp $a } ($minimum, $old_min))[0];
      } else {
        $self->{minimum} = $minimum;
      }
  
      return $self->_simplify;
    }
  
    sub with_maximum {
      my ($self, $maximum) = @_;
      $self = $self->_clone;
  
      if (defined (my $old_max = $self->{maximum})) {
        $self->{maximum} = (sort { $a cmp $b } ($maximum, $old_max))[0];
      } else {
        $self->{maximum} = $maximum;
      }
  
      return $self->_simplify;
    }
  
    sub with_exclusion {
      my ($self, $exclusion) = @_;
      $self = $self->_clone;
  
      push @{ $self->{exclusions} ||= [] }, $exclusion;
  
      return $self->_simplify;
    }
  
    sub _accepts {
      my ($self, $version) = @_;
  
      return if defined $self->{minimum} and $version < $self->{minimum};
      return if defined $self->{maximum} and $version > $self->{maximum};
      return if defined $self->{exclusions}
            and grep { $version == $_ } @{ $self->{exclusions} };
  
      return 1;
    }
  }
  
  1;
  # vim: ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 et:
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Requirements - a set of version requirements for a CPAN dist
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.131
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use CPAN::Meta::Requirements;
  
    my $build_requires = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  
    $build_requires->add_minimum('Library::Foo' => 1.208);
  
    $build_requires->add_minimum('Library::Foo' => 2.602);
  
    $build_requires->add_minimum('Module::Bar'  => 'v1.2.3');
  
    $METAyml->{build_requires} = $build_requires->as_string_hash;
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  A CPAN::Meta::Requirements object models a set of version constraints like
  those specified in the F<META.yml> or F<META.json> files in CPAN distributions,
  and as defined by L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>;
  It can be built up by adding more and more constraints, and it will reduce them
  to the simplest representation.
  
  Logically impossible constraints will be identified immediately by thrown
  exceptions.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
    my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  
  This returns a new CPAN::Meta::Requirements object.  It takes an optional
  hash reference argument.  Currently, only one key is supported:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  C<bad_version_hook> -- if provided, when a version cannot be parsed into a version object, this code reference will be called with the invalid version string as first argument, and the module name as second argument.  It must return a valid version object.
  
  =back
  
  All other keys are ignored.
  
  =head2 add_minimum
  
    $req->add_minimum( $module => $version );
  
  This adds a new minimum version requirement.  If the new requirement is
  redundant to the existing specification, this has no effect.
  
  Minimum requirements are inclusive.  C<$version> is required, along with any
  greater version number.
  
  This method returns the requirements object.
  
  =head2 add_maximum
  
    $req->add_maximum( $module => $version );
  
  This adds a new maximum version requirement.  If the new requirement is
  redundant to the existing specification, this has no effect.
  
  Maximum requirements are inclusive.  No version strictly greater than the given
  version is allowed.
  
  This method returns the requirements object.
  
  =head2 add_exclusion
  
    $req->add_exclusion( $module => $version );
  
  This adds a new excluded version.  For example, you might use these three
  method calls:
  
    $req->add_minimum( $module => '1.00' );
    $req->add_maximum( $module => '1.82' );
  
    $req->add_exclusion( $module => '1.75' );
  
  Any version between 1.00 and 1.82 inclusive would be acceptable, except for
  1.75.
  
  This method returns the requirements object.
  
  =head2 exact_version
  
    $req->exact_version( $module => $version );
  
  This sets the version required for the given module to I<exactly> the given
  version.  No other version would be considered acceptable.
  
  This method returns the requirements object.
  
  =head2 add_requirements
  
    $req->add_requirements( $another_req_object );
  
  This method adds all the requirements in the given CPAN::Meta::Requirements object
  to the requirements object on which it was called.  If there are any conflicts,
  an exception is thrown.
  
  This method returns the requirements object.
  
  =head2 accepts_module
  
    my $bool = $req->accepts_module($module => $version);
  
  Given an module and version, this method returns true if the version
  specification for the module accepts the provided version.  In other words,
  given:
  
    Module => '>= 1.00, < 2.00'
  
  We will accept 1.00 and 1.75 but not 0.50 or 2.00.
  
  For modules that do not appear in the requirements, this method will return
  true.
  
  =head2 clear_requirement
  
    $req->clear_requirement( $module );
  
  This removes the requirement for a given module from the object.
  
  This method returns the requirements object.
  
  =head2 requirements_for_module
  
    $req->requirements_for_module( $module );
  
  This returns a string containing the version requirements for a given module in
  the format described in L<CPAN::Meta::Spec> or undef if the given module has no
  requirements. This should only be used for informational purposes such as error
  messages and should not be interpreted or used for comparison (see
  L</accepts_module> instead.)
  
  =head2 required_modules
  
  This method returns a list of all the modules for which requirements have been
  specified.
  
  =head2 clone
  
    $req->clone;
  
  This method returns a clone of the invocant.  The clone and the original object
  can then be changed independent of one another.
  
  =head2 is_simple
  
  This method returns true if and only if all requirements are inclusive minimums
  -- that is, if their string expression is just the version number.
  
  =head2 is_finalized
  
  This method returns true if the requirements have been finalized by having the
  C<finalize> method called on them.
  
  =head2 finalize
  
  This method marks the requirements finalized.  Subsequent attempts to change
  the requirements will be fatal, I<if> they would result in a change.  If they
  would not alter the requirements, they have no effect.
  
  If a finalized set of requirements is cloned, the cloned requirements are not
  also finalized.
  
  =head2 as_string_hash
  
  This returns a reference to a hash describing the requirements using the
  strings in the L<CPAN::Meta::Spec> specification.
  
  For example after the following program:
  
    my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
  
    $req->add_minimum('CPAN::Meta::Requirements' => 0.102);
  
    $req->add_minimum('Library::Foo' => 1.208);
  
    $req->add_maximum('Library::Foo' => 2.602);
  
    $req->add_minimum('Module::Bar'  => 'v1.2.3');
  
    $req->add_exclusion('Module::Bar'  => 'v1.2.8');
  
    $req->exact_version('Xyzzy'  => '6.01');
  
    my $hashref = $req->as_string_hash;
  
  C<$hashref> would contain:
  
    {
      'CPAN::Meta::Requirements' => '0.102',
      'Library::Foo' => '>= 1.208, <= 2.206',
      'Module::Bar'  => '>= v1.2.3, != v1.2.8',
      'Xyzzy'        => '== 6.01',
    }
  
  =head2 add_string_requirement
  
    $req->add_string_requirement('Library::Foo' => '>= 1.208, <= 2.206');
    $req->add_string_requirement('Library::Foo' => v1.208);
  
  This method parses the passed in string and adds the appropriate requirement
  for the given module.  A version can be a Perl "v-string".  It understands
  version ranges as described in the L<CPAN::Meta::Spec/Version Ranges>. For
  example:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item 1.3
  
  =item >= 1.3
  
  =item <= 1.3
  
  =item == 1.3
  
  =item != 1.3
  
  =item > 1.3
  
  =item < 1.3
  
  =item >= 1.3, != 1.5, <= 2.0
  
  A version number without an operator is equivalent to specifying a minimum
  (C<E<gt>=>).  Extra whitespace is allowed.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 from_string_hash
  
    my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash( \%hash );
    my $req = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash( \%hash, \%opts );
  
  This is an alternate constructor for a CPAN::Meta::Requirements
  object. It takes a hash of module names and version requirement
  strings and returns a new CPAN::Meta::Requirements object. As with
  add_string_requirement, a version can be a Perl "v-string". Optionally,
  you can supply a hash-reference of options, exactly as with the L</new>
  method.
  
  =for :stopwords cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee diff irc mailto metadata placeholders metacpan
  
  =head1 SUPPORT
  
  =head2 Bugs / Feature Requests
  
  Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker
  at L<https://github.com/dagolden/CPAN-Meta-Requirements/issues>.
  You will be notified automatically of any progress on your issue.
  
  =head2 Source Code
  
  This is open source software.  The code repository is available for
  public review and contribution under the terms of the license.
  
  L<https://github.com/dagolden/CPAN-Meta-Requirements>
  
    git clone https://github.com/dagolden/CPAN-Meta-Requirements.git
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 CONTRIBUTORS
  
  =for stopwords Ed J Karen Etheridge Leon Timmermans robario
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  Ed J <mohawk2@users.noreply.github.com>
  
  =item *
  
  Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Leon Timmermans <fawaka@gmail.com>
  
  =item *
  
  robario <webmaster@robario.com>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_REQUIREMENTS

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Spec.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_SPEC';
  # XXX RULES FOR PATCHING THIS FILE XXX
  # Patches that fix typos or formatting are acceptable.  Patches
  # that change semantics are not acceptable without prior approval
  # by David Golden or Ricardo Signes.
  
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::Spec;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::Spec::VERSION = '2.143240';
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: specification for CPAN distribution metadata
  
  
  # vi:tw=72
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Spec - specification for CPAN distribution metadata
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    my $distmeta = {
      name => 'Module-Build',
      abstract => 'Build and install Perl modules',
      description =>  "Module::Build is a system for "
        . "building, testing, and installing Perl modules. "
        . "It is meant to ... blah blah blah ...",
      version  => '0.36',
      release_status => 'stable',
      author   => [
        'Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>',
        'Module-Build List <module-build@perl.org>', # additional contact
      ],
      license  => [ 'perl_5' ],
      prereqs => {
        runtime => {
          requires => {
            'perl'   => '5.006',
            'ExtUtils::Install' => '0',
            'File::Basename' => '0',
            'File::Compare'  => '0',
            'IO::File'   => '0',
          },
          recommends => {
            'Archive::Tar' => '1.00',
            'ExtUtils::Install' => '0.3',
            'ExtUtils::ParseXS' => '2.02',
          },
        },
        build => {
          requires => {
            'Test::More' => '0',
          },
        }
      },
      resources => {
        license => ['http://dev.perl.org/licenses/'],
      },
      optional_features => {
        domination => {
          description => 'Take over the world',
          prereqs     => {
            develop => { requires => { 'Genius::Evil'     => '1.234' } },
            runtime => { requires => { 'Machine::Weather' => '2.0'   } },
          },
        },
      },
      dynamic_config => 1,
      keywords => [ qw/ toolchain cpan dual-life / ],
      'meta-spec' => {
        version => '2',
        url     => 'https://metacpan.org/pod/CPAN::Meta::Spec',
      },
      generated_by => 'Module::Build version 0.36',
    };
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This document describes version 2 of the CPAN distribution metadata
  specification, also known as the "CPAN Meta Spec".
  
  Revisions of this specification for typo corrections and prose
  clarifications may be issued as CPAN::Meta::Spec 2.I<x>.  These
  revisions will never change semantics or add or remove specified
  behavior.
  
  Distribution metadata describe important properties of Perl
  distributions. Distribution building tools like Module::Build,
  Module::Install, ExtUtils::MakeMaker or Dist::Zilla should create a
  metadata file in accordance with this specification and include it with
  the distribution for use by automated tools that index, examine, package
  or install Perl distributions.
  
  =head1 TERMINOLOGY
  
  =over 4
  
  =item distribution
  
  This is the primary object described by the metadata. In the context of
  this document it usually refers to a collection of modules, scripts,
  and/or documents that are distributed together for other developers to
  use.  Examples of distributions are C<Class-Container>, C<libwww-perl>,
  or C<DBI>.
  
  =item module
  
  This refers to a reusable library of code contained in a single file.
  Modules usually contain one or more packages and are often referred
  to by the name of a primary package that can be mapped to the file
  name. For example, one might refer to C<File::Spec> instead of
  F<File/Spec.pm>
  
  =item package
  
  This refers to a namespace declared with the Perl C<package> statement.
  In Perl, packages often have a version number property given by the
  C<$VERSION> variable in the namespace.
  
  =item consumer
  
  This refers to code that reads a metadata file, deserializes it into a
  data structure in memory, or interprets a data structure of metadata
  elements.
  
  =item producer
  
  This refers to code that constructs a metadata data structure,
  serializes into a bytestream and/or writes it to disk.
  
  =item must, should, may, etc.
  
  These terms are interpreted as described in IETF RFC 2119.
  
  =back
  
  =head1 DATA TYPES
  
  Fields in the L</STRUCTURE> section describe data elements, each of
  which has an associated data type as described herein.  There are four
  primitive types: Boolean, String, List and Map.  Other types are
  subtypes of primitives and define compound data structures or define
  constraints on the values of a data element.
  
  =head2 Boolean
  
  A I<Boolean> is used to provide a true or false value.  It B<must> be
  represented as a defined value.
  
  =head2 String
  
  A I<String> is data element containing a non-zero length sequence of
  Unicode characters, such as an ordinary Perl scalar that is not a
  reference.
  
  =head2 List
  
  A I<List> is an ordered collection of zero or more data elements.
  Elements of a List may be of mixed types.
  
  Producers B<must> represent List elements using a data structure which
  unambiguously indicates that multiple values are possible, such as a
  reference to a Perl array (an "arrayref").
  
  Consumers expecting a List B<must> consider a String as equivalent to a
  List of length 1.
  
  =head2 Map
  
  A I<Map> is an unordered collection of zero or more data elements
  ("values"), indexed by associated String elements ("keys").  The Map's
  value elements may be of mixed types.
  
  =head2 License String
  
  A I<License String> is a subtype of String with a restricted set of
  values.  Valid values are described in detail in the description of
  the L</license> field.
  
  =head2 URL
  
  I<URL> is a subtype of String containing a Uniform Resource Locator or
  Identifier.  [ This type is called URL and not URI for historical reasons. ]
  
  =head2 Version
  
  A I<Version> is a subtype of String containing a value that describes
  the version number of packages or distributions.  Restrictions on format
  are described in detail in the L</Version Formats> section.
  
  =head2 Version Range
  
  The I<Version Range> type is a subtype of String.  It describes a range
  of Versions that may be present or installed to fulfill prerequisites.
  It is specified in detail in the L</Version Ranges> section.
  
  =head1 STRUCTURE
  
  The metadata structure is a data element of type Map.  This section
  describes valid keys within the Map.
  
  Any keys not described in this specification document (whether top-level
  or within compound data structures described herein) are considered
  I<custom keys> and B<must> begin with an "x" or "X" and be followed by an
  underscore; i.e. they must match the pattern: C<< qr{\Ax_}i >>.  If a
  custom key refers to a compound data structure, subkeys within it do not
  need an "x_" or "X_" prefix.
  
  Consumers of metadata may ignore any or all custom keys.  All other keys
  not described herein are invalid and should be ignored by consumers.
  Producers must not generate or output invalid keys.
  
  For each key, an example is provided followed by a description.  The
  description begins with the version of spec in which the key was added
  or in which the definition was modified, whether the key is I<required>
  or I<optional> and the data type of the corresponding data element.
  These items are in parentheses, brackets and braces, respectively.
  
  If a data type is a Map or Map subtype, valid subkeys will be described
  as well.
  
  Some fields are marked I<Deprecated>.  These are shown for historical
  context and must not be produced in or consumed from any metadata structure
  of version 2 or higher.
  
  =head2 REQUIRED FIELDS
  
  =head3 abstract
  
  Example:
  
    abstract => 'Build and install Perl modules'
  
  (Spec 1.2) [required] {String}
  
  This is a short description of the purpose of the distribution.
  
  =head3 author
  
  Example:
  
    author => [ 'Ken Williams <kwilliams@cpan.org>' ]
  
  (Spec 1.2) [required] {List of one or more Strings}
  
  This List indicates the person(s) to contact concerning the
  distribution. The preferred form of the contact string is:
  
    contact-name <email-address>
  
  This field provides a general contact list independent of other
  structured fields provided within the L</resources> field, such as
  C<bugtracker>.  The addressee(s) can be contacted for any purpose
  including but not limited to (security) problems with the distribution,
  questions about the distribution or bugs in the distribution.
  
  A distribution's original author is usually the contact listed within
  this field.  Co-maintainers, successor maintainers or mailing lists
  devoted to the distribution may also be listed in addition to or instead
  of the original author.
  
  =head3 dynamic_config
  
  Example:
  
    dynamic_config => 1
  
  (Spec 2) [required] {Boolean}
  
  A boolean flag indicating whether a F<Build.PL> or F<Makefile.PL> (or
  similar) must be executed to determine prerequisites.
  
  This field should be set to a true value if the distribution performs
  some dynamic configuration (asking questions, sensing the environment,
  etc.) as part of its configuration.  This field should be set to a false
  value to indicate that prerequisites included in metadata may be
  considered final and valid for static analysis.
  
  Note: when this field is true, post-configuration prerequisites are not
  guaranteed to bear any relation whatsoever to those stated in the metadata,
  and relying on them doing so is an error. See also
  L</Prerequisites for dynamically configured distributions> in the implementors'
  notes.
  
  This field explicitly B<does not> indicate whether installation may be
  safely performed without using a Makefile or Build file, as there may be
  special files to install or custom installation targets (e.g. for
  dual-life modules that exist on CPAN as well as in the Perl core).  This
  field only defines whether or not prerequisites are exactly as given in the
  metadata.
  
  =head3 generated_by
  
  Example:
  
    generated_by => 'Module::Build version 0.36'
  
  (Spec 1.0) [required] {String}
  
  This field indicates the tool that was used to create this metadata.
  There are no defined semantics for this field, but it is traditional to
  use a string in the form "Generating::Package version 1.23" or the
  author's name, if the file was generated by hand.
  
  =head3 license
  
  Example:
  
    license => [ 'perl_5' ]
  
    license => [ 'apache_2_0', 'mozilla_1_0' ]
  
  (Spec 2) [required] {List of one or more License Strings}
  
  One or more licenses that apply to some or all of the files in the
  distribution.  If multiple licenses are listed, the distribution
  documentation should be consulted to clarify the interpretation of
  multiple licenses.
  
  The following list of license strings are valid:
  
   string          description
   -------------   -----------------------------------------------
   agpl_3          GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3
   apache_1_1      Apache Software License, Version 1.1
   apache_2_0      Apache License, Version 2.0
   artistic_1      Artistic License, (Version 1)
   artistic_2      Artistic License, Version 2.0
   bsd             BSD License (three-clause)
   freebsd         FreeBSD License (two-clause)
   gfdl_1_2        GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
   gfdl_1_3        GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
   gpl_1           GNU General Public License, Version 1
   gpl_2           GNU General Public License, Version 2
   gpl_3           GNU General Public License, Version 3
   lgpl_2_1        GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1
   lgpl_3_0        GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3.0
   mit             MIT (aka X11) License
   mozilla_1_0     Mozilla Public License, Version 1.0
   mozilla_1_1     Mozilla Public License, Version 1.1
   openssl         OpenSSL License
   perl_5          The Perl 5 License (Artistic 1 & GPL 1 or later)
   qpl_1_0         Q Public License, Version 1.0
   ssleay          Original SSLeay License
   sun             Sun Internet Standards Source License (SISSL)
   zlib            zlib License
  
  The following license strings are also valid and indicate other
  licensing not described above:
  
   string          description
   -------------   -----------------------------------------------
   open_source     Other Open Source Initiative (OSI) approved license
   restricted      Requires special permission from copyright holder
   unrestricted    Not an OSI approved license, but not restricted
   unknown         License not provided in metadata
  
  All other strings are invalid in the license field.
  
  =head3 meta-spec
  
  Example:
  
    'meta-spec' => {
      version => '2',
      url     => 'http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?CPAN::Meta::Spec',
    }
  
  (Spec 1.2) [required] {Map}
  
  This field indicates the version of the CPAN Meta Spec that should be
  used to interpret the metadata.  Consumers must check this key as soon
  as possible and abort further metadata processing if the meta-spec
  version is not supported by the consumer.
  
  The following keys are valid, but only C<version> is required.
  
  =over
  
  =item version
  
  This subkey gives the integer I<Version> of the CPAN Meta Spec against
  which the document was generated.
  
  =item url
  
  This is a I<URL> of the metadata specification document corresponding to
  the given version.  This is strictly for human-consumption and should
  not impact the interpretation of the document.
  
  For the version 2 spec, either of these are recommended:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  C<https://metacpan.org/pod/CPAN::Meta::Spec>
  
  =item *
  
  C<http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?CPAN::Meta::Spec>
  
  =back
  
  =back
  
  =head3 name
  
  Example:
  
    name => 'Module-Build'
  
  (Spec 1.0) [required] {String}
  
  This field is the name of the distribution.  This is often created by
  taking the "main package" in the distribution and changing C<::> to
  C<->, but the name may be completely unrelated to the packages within
  the distribution.  For example, L<LWP::UserAgent> is distributed as part
  of the distribution name "libwww-perl".
  
  =head3 release_status
  
  Example:
  
    release_status => 'stable'
  
  (Spec 2) [required] {String}
  
  This field provides the  release status of this distribution.  If the
  C<version> field contains an underscore character, then
  C<release_status> B<must not> be "stable."
  
  The C<release_status> field B<must> have one of the following values:
  
  =over
  
  =item stable
  
  This indicates an ordinary, "final" release that should be indexed by PAUSE
  or other indexers.
  
  =item testing
  
  This indicates a "beta" release that is substantially complete, but has an
  elevated risk of bugs and requires additional testing.  The distribution
  should not be installed over a stable release without an explicit request
  or other confirmation from a user.  This release status may also be used
  for "release candidate" versions of a distribution.
  
  =item unstable
  
  This indicates an "alpha" release that is under active development, but has
  been released for early feedback or testing and may be missing features or
  may have serious bugs.  The distribution should not be installed over a
  stable release without an explicit request or other confirmation from a
  user.
  
  =back
  
  Consumers B<may> use this field to determine how to index the
  distribution for CPAN or other repositories in addition to or in
  replacement of heuristics based on version number or file name.
  
  =head3 version
  
  Example:
  
    version => '0.36'
  
  (Spec 1.0) [required] {Version}
  
  This field gives the version of the distribution to which the metadata
  structure refers.
  
  =head2 OPTIONAL FIELDS
  
  =head3 description
  
  Example:
  
      description =>  "Module::Build is a system for "
        . "building, testing, and installing Perl modules. "
        . "It is meant to ... blah blah blah ...",
  
  (Spec 2) [optional] {String}
  
  A longer, more complete description of the purpose or intended use of
  the distribution than the one provided by the C<abstract> key.
  
  =head3 keywords
  
  Example:
  
    keywords => [ qw/ toolchain cpan dual-life / ]
  
  (Spec 1.1) [optional] {List of zero or more Strings}
  
  A List of keywords that describe this distribution.  Keywords
  B<must not> include whitespace.
  
  =head3 no_index
  
  Example:
  
    no_index => {
      file      => [ 'My/Module.pm' ],
      directory => [ 'My/Private' ],
      package   => [ 'My::Module::Secret' ],
      namespace => [ 'My::Module::Sample' ],
    }
  
  (Spec 1.2) [optional] {Map}
  
  This Map describes any files, directories, packages, and namespaces that
  are private to the packaging or implementation of the distribution and
  should be ignored by indexing or search tools. Note that this is a list of
  exclusions, and the spec does not define what to I<include> - see
  L</Indexing distributions a la PAUSE> in the implementors notes for more
  information.
  
  Valid subkeys are as follows:
  
  =over
  
  =item file
  
  A I<List> of relative paths to files.  Paths B<must be> specified with
  unix conventions.
  
  =item directory
  
  A I<List> of relative paths to directories.  Paths B<must be> specified
  with unix conventions.
  
  [ Note: previous editions of the spec had C<dir> instead of C<directory> ]
  
  =item package
  
  A I<List> of package names.
  
  =item namespace
  
  A I<List> of package namespaces, where anything below the namespace
  must be ignored, but I<not> the namespace itself.
  
  In the example above for C<no_index>, C<My::Module::Sample::Foo> would
  be ignored, but C<My::Module::Sample> would not.
  
  =back
  
  =head3 optional_features
  
  Example:
  
    optional_features => {
      sqlite => {
        description => 'Provides SQLite support',
        prereqs => {
          runtime => {
            requires => {
              'DBD::SQLite' => '1.25'
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  
  (Spec 2) [optional] {Map}
  
  This Map describes optional features with incremental prerequisites.
  Each key of the C<optional_features> Map is a String used to identify
  the feature and each value is a Map with additional information about
  the feature.  Valid subkeys include:
  
  =over
  
  =item description
  
  This is a String describing the feature.  Every optional feature
  should provide a description
  
  =item prereqs
  
  This entry is required and has the same structure as that of the
  C<L</prereqs>> key.  It provides a list of package requirements
  that must be satisfied for the feature to be supported or enabled.
  
  There is one crucial restriction:  the prereqs of an optional feature
  B<must not> include C<configure> phase prereqs.
  
  =back
  
  Consumers B<must not> include optional features as prerequisites without
  explicit instruction from users (whether via interactive prompting,
  a function parameter or a configuration value, etc. ).
  
  If an optional feature is used by a consumer to add additional
  prerequisites, the consumer should merge the optional feature
  prerequisites into those given by the C<prereqs> key using the same
  semantics.  See L</Merging and Resolving Prerequisites> for details on
  merging prerequisites.
  
  I<Suggestion for disuse:> Because there is currently no way for a
  distribution to specify a dependency on an optional feature of another
  dependency, the use of C<optional_feature> is discouraged.  Instead,
  create a separate, installable distribution that ensures the desired
  feature is available.  For example, if C<Foo::Bar> has a C<Baz> feature,
  release a separate C<Foo-Bar-Baz> distribution that satisfies
  requirements for the feature.
  
  =head3 prereqs
  
  Example:
  
    prereqs => {
      runtime => {
        requires => {
          'perl'          => '5.006',
          'File::Spec'    => '0.86',
          'JSON'          => '2.16',
        },
        recommends => {
          'JSON::XS'      => '2.26',
        },
        suggests => {
          'Archive::Tar'  => '0',
        },
      },
      build => {
        requires => {
          'Alien::SDL'    => '1.00',
        },
      },
      test => {
        recommends => {
          'Test::Deep'    => '0.10',
        },
      }
    }
  
  (Spec 2) [optional] {Map}
  
  This is a Map that describes all the prerequisites of the distribution.
  The keys are phases of activity, such as C<configure>, C<build>, C<test>
  or C<runtime>.  Values are Maps in which the keys name the type of
  prerequisite relationship such as C<requires>, C<recommends>, or
  C<suggests> and the value provides a set of prerequisite relations.  The
  set of relations B<must> be specified as a Map of package names to
  version ranges.
  
  The full definition for this field is given in the L</Prereq Spec>
  section.
  
  =head3 provides
  
  Example:
  
    provides => {
      'Foo::Bar' => {
        file    => 'lib/Foo/Bar.pm',
        version => '0.27_02',
      },
      'Foo::Bar::Blah' => {
        file    => 'lib/Foo/Bar/Blah.pm',
      },
      'Foo::Bar::Baz' => {
        file    => 'lib/Foo/Bar/Baz.pm',
        version => '0.3',
      },
    }
  
  (Spec 1.2) [optional] {Map}
  
  This describes all packages provided by this distribution.  This
  information is used by distribution and automation mechanisms like
  PAUSE, CPAN, metacpan.org and search.cpan.org to build indexes saying in
  which distribution various packages can be found.
  
  The keys of C<provides> are package names that can be found within
  the distribution.  If a package name key is provided, it must
  have a Map with the following valid subkeys:
  
  =over
  
  =item file
  
  This field is required.  It must contain a Unix-style relative file path
  from the root of the distribution directory to a file that contains or
  generates the package.  It may be given as C<META.yml> or C<META.json>
  to claim a package for indexing without needing a C<*.pm>.
  
  =item version
  
  If it exists, this field must contains a I<Version> String for the
  package.  If the package does not have a C<$VERSION>, this field must
  be omitted.
  
  =back
  
  =head3 resources
  
  Example:
  
    resources => {
      license     => [ 'http://dev.perl.org/licenses/' ],
      homepage    => 'http://sourceforge.net/projects/module-build',
      bugtracker  => {
        web    => 'http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=CPAN-Meta',
        mailto => 'meta-bugs@example.com',
      },
      repository  => {
        url  => 'git://github.com/dagolden/cpan-meta.git',
        web  => 'http://github.com/dagolden/cpan-meta',
        type => 'git',
      },
      x_twitter   => 'http://twitter.com/cpan_linked/',
    }
  
  (Spec 2) [optional] {Map}
  
  This field describes resources related to this distribution.
  
  Valid subkeys include:
  
  =over
  
  =item homepage
  
  The official home of this project on the web.
  
  =item license
  
  A List of I<URL>'s that relate to this distribution's license.  As with the
  top-level C<license> field, distribution documentation should be consulted
  to clarify the interpretation of multiple licenses provided here.
  
  =item bugtracker
  
  This entry describes the bug tracking system for this distribution.  It
  is a Map with the following valid keys:
  
    web    - a URL pointing to a web front-end for the bug tracker
    mailto - an email address to which bugs can be sent
  
  =item repository
  
  This entry describes the source control repository for this distribution.  It
  is a Map with the following valid keys:
  
    url  - a URL pointing to the repository itself
    web  - a URL pointing to a web front-end for the repository
    type - a lowercase string indicating the VCS used
  
  Because a url like C<http://myrepo.example.com/> is ambiguous as to
  type, producers should provide a C<type> whenever a C<url> key is given.
  The C<type> field should be the name of the most common program used
  to work with the repository, e.g. C<git>, C<svn>, C<cvs>, C<darcs>,
  C<bzr> or C<hg>.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 DEPRECATED FIELDS
  
  =head3 build_requires
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 2)> [optional] {String}
  
  Replaced by C<prereqs>
  
  =head3 configure_requires
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 2)> [optional] {String}
  
  Replaced by C<prereqs>
  
  =head3 conflicts
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 2)> [optional] {String}
  
  Replaced by C<prereqs>
  
  =head3 distribution_type
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 2)> [optional] {String}
  
  This field indicated 'module' or 'script' but was considered
  meaningless, since many distributions are hybrids of several kinds of
  things.
  
  =head3 license_uri
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 1.2)> [optional] {URL}
  
  Replaced by C<license> in C<resources>
  
  =head3 private
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 1.2)> [optional] {Map}
  
  This field has been renamed to L</"no_index">.
  
  =head3 recommends
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 2)> [optional] {String}
  
  Replaced by C<prereqs>
  
  =head3 requires
  
  I<(Deprecated in Spec 2)> [optional] {String}
  
  Replaced by C<prereqs>
  
  =head1 VERSION NUMBERS
  
  =head2 Version Formats
  
  This section defines the Version type, used by several fields in the
  CPAN Meta Spec.
  
  Version numbers must be treated as strings, not numbers.  For
  example, C<1.200> B<must not> be serialized as C<1.2>.  Version
  comparison should be delegated to the Perl L<version> module, version
  0.80 or newer.
  
  Unless otherwise specified, version numbers B<must> appear in one of two
  formats:
  
  =over
  
  =item Decimal versions
  
  Decimal versions are regular "decimal numbers", with some limitations.
  They B<must> be non-negative and B<must> begin and end with a digit.  A
  single underscore B<may> be included, but B<must> be between two digits.
  They B<must not> use exponential notation ("1.23e-2").
  
     version => '1.234'       # OK
     version => '1.23_04'     # OK
  
     version => '1.23_04_05'  # Illegal
     version => '1.'          # Illegal
     version => '.1'          # Illegal
  
  =item Dotted-integer versions
  
  Dotted-integer (also known as dotted-decimal) versions consist of
  positive integers separated by full stop characters (i.e. "dots",
  "periods" or "decimal points").  This are equivalent in format to Perl
  "v-strings", with some additional restrictions on form.  They must be
  given in "normal" form, which has a leading "v" character and at least
  three integer components.  To retain a one-to-one mapping with decimal
  versions, all components after the first B<should> be restricted to the
  range 0 to 999.  The final component B<may> be separated by an
  underscore character instead of a period.
  
     version => 'v1.2.3'      # OK
     version => 'v1.2_3'      # OK
     version => 'v1.2.3.4'    # OK
     version => 'v1.2.3_4'    # OK
     version => 'v2009.10.31' # OK
  
     version => 'v1.2'          # Illegal
     version => '1.2.3'         # Illegal
     version => 'v1.2_3_4'      # Illegal
     version => 'v1.2009.10.31' # Not recommended
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Version Ranges
  
  Some fields (prereq, optional_features) indicate the particular
  version(s) of some other module that may be required as a prerequisite.
  This section details the Version Range type used to provide this
  information.
  
  The simplest format for a Version Range is just the version
  number itself, e.g. C<2.4>.  This means that B<at least> version 2.4
  must be present.  To indicate that B<any> version of a prerequisite is
  okay, even if the prerequisite doesn't define a version at all, use
  the version C<0>.
  
  Alternatively, a version range B<may> use the operators E<lt> (less than),
  E<lt>= (less than or equal), E<gt> (greater than), E<gt>= (greater than
  or equal), == (equal), and != (not equal).  For example, the
  specification C<E<lt> 2.0> means that any version of the prerequisite
  less than 2.0 is suitable.
  
  For more complicated situations, version specifications B<may> be AND-ed
  together using commas.  The specification C<E<gt>= 1.2, != 1.5, E<lt>
  2.0> indicates a version that must be B<at least> 1.2, B<less than> 2.0,
  and B<not equal to> 1.5.
  
  =head1 PREREQUISITES
  
  =head2 Prereq Spec
  
  The C<prereqs> key in the top-level metadata and within
  C<optional_features> define the relationship between a distribution and
  other packages.  The prereq spec structure is a hierarchical data
  structure which divides prerequisites into I<Phases> of activity in the
  installation process and I<Relationships> that indicate how
  prerequisites should be resolved.
  
  For example, to specify that C<Data::Dumper> is C<required> during the
  C<test> phase, this entry would appear in the distribution metadata:
  
    prereqs => {
      test => {
        requires => {
          'Data::Dumper' => '2.00'
        }
      }
    }
  
  =head3 Phases
  
  Requirements for regular use must be listed in the C<runtime> phase.
  Other requirements should be listed in the earliest stage in which they
  are required and consumers must accumulate and satisfy requirements
  across phases before executing the activity. For example, C<build>
  requirements must also be available during the C<test> phase.
  
    before action       requirements that must be met
    ----------------    --------------------------------
    perl Build.PL       configure
    perl Makefile.PL
  
    make                configure, runtime, build
    Build
  
    make test           configure, runtime, build, test
    Build test
  
  Consumers that install the distribution must ensure that
  I<runtime> requirements are also installed and may install
  dependencies from other phases.
  
    after action        requirements that must be met
    ----------------    --------------------------------
    make install        runtime
    Build install
  
  =over
  
  =item configure
  
  The configure phase occurs before any dynamic configuration has been
  attempted.  Libraries required by the configure phase B<must> be
  available for use before the distribution building tool has been
  executed.
  
  =item build
  
  The build phase is when the distribution's source code is compiled (if
  necessary) and otherwise made ready for installation.
  
  =item test
  
  The test phase is when the distribution's automated test suite is run.
  Any library that is needed only for testing and not for subsequent use
  should be listed here.
  
  =item runtime
  
  The runtime phase refers not only to when the distribution's contents
  are installed, but also to its continued use.  Any library that is a
  prerequisite for regular use of this distribution should be indicated
  here.
  
  =item develop
  
  The develop phase's prereqs are libraries needed to work on the
  distribution's source code as its author does.  These tools might be
  needed to build a release tarball, to run author-only tests, or to
  perform other tasks related to developing new versions of the
  distribution.
  
  =back
  
  =head3 Relationships
  
  =over
  
  =item requires
  
  These dependencies B<must> be installed for proper completion of the
  phase.
  
  =item recommends
  
  Recommended dependencies are I<strongly> encouraged and should be
  satisfied except in resource constrained environments.
  
  =item suggests
  
  These dependencies are optional, but are suggested for enhanced operation
  of the described distribution.
  
  =item conflicts
  
  These libraries cannot be installed when the phase is in operation.
  This is a very rare situation, and the C<conflicts> relationship should
  be used with great caution, or not at all.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Merging and Resolving Prerequisites
  
  Whenever metadata consumers merge prerequisites, either from different
  phases or from C<optional_features>, they should merged in a way which
  preserves the intended semantics of the prerequisite structure.  Generally,
  this means concatenating the version specifications using commas, as
  described in the L<Version Ranges> section.
  
  Another subtle error that can occur in resolving prerequisites comes from
  the way that modules in prerequisites are indexed to distribution files on
  CPAN.  When a module is deleted from a distribution, prerequisites calling
  for that module could indicate an older distribution should be installed,
  potentially overwriting files from a newer distribution.
  
  For example, as of Oct 31, 2009, the CPAN index file contained these
  module-distribution mappings:
  
    Class::MOP                   0.94  D/DR/DROLSKY/Class-MOP-0.94.tar.gz
    Class::MOP::Class            0.94  D/DR/DROLSKY/Class-MOP-0.94.tar.gz
    Class::MOP::Class::Immutable 0.04  S/ST/STEVAN/Class-MOP-0.36.tar.gz
  
  Consider the case where "Class::MOP" 0.94 is installed.  If a
  distribution specified "Class::MOP::Class::Immutable" as a prerequisite,
  it could result in Class-MOP-0.36.tar.gz being installed, overwriting
  any files from Class-MOP-0.94.tar.gz.
  
  Consumers of metadata B<should> test whether prerequisites would result
  in installed module files being "downgraded" to an older version and
  B<may> warn users or ignore the prerequisite that would cause such a
  result.
  
  =head1 SERIALIZATION
  
  Distribution metadata should be serialized (as a hashref) as
  JSON-encoded data and packaged with distributions as the file
  F<META.json>.
  
  In the past, the distribution metadata structure had been packed with
  distributions as F<META.yml>, a file in the YAML Tiny format (for which,
  see L<YAML::Tiny>).  Tools that consume distribution metadata from disk
  should be capable of loading F<META.yml>, but should prefer F<META.json>
  if both are found.
  
  =head1 NOTES FOR IMPLEMENTORS
  
  =head2 Extracting Version Numbers from Perl Modules
  
  To get the version number from a Perl module, consumers should use the
  C<< MM->parse_version($file) >> method provided by
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> or L<Module::Metadata>.  For example, for the
  module given by C<$mod>, the version may be retrieved in one of the
  following ways:
  
    # via ExtUtils::MakeMaker
    my $file = MM->_installed_file_for_module($mod);
    my $version = MM->parse_version($file)
  
  The private C<_installed_file_for_module> method may be replaced with
  other methods for locating a module in C<@INC>.
  
    # via Module::Metadata
    my $info = Module::Metadata->new_from_module($mod);
    my $version = $info->version;
  
  If only a filename is available, the following approach may be used:
  
    # via Module::Build
    my $info = Module::Metadata->new_from_file($file);
    my $version = $info->version;
  
  =head2 Comparing Version Numbers
  
  The L<version> module provides the most reliable way to compare version
  numbers in all the various ways they might be provided or might exist
  within modules.  Given two strings containing version numbers, C<$v1> and
  C<$v2>, they should be converted to C<version> objects before using
  ordinary comparison operators.  For example:
  
    use version;
    if ( version->new($v1) <=> version->new($v2) ) {
      print "Versions are not equal\n";
    }
  
  If the only comparison needed is whether an installed module is of a
  sufficiently high version, a direct test may be done using the string
  form of C<eval> and the C<use> function.  For example, for module C<$mod>
  and version prerequisite C<$prereq>:
  
    if ( eval "use $mod $prereq (); 1" ) {
      print "Module $mod version is OK.\n";
    }
  
  If the values of C<$mod> and C<$prereq> have not been scrubbed, however,
  this presents security implications.
  
  =head2 Prerequisites for dynamically configured distributions
  
  When C<dynamic_config> is true, it is an error to presume that the
  prerequisites given in distribution metadata will have any relationship
  whatsoever to the actual prerequisites of the distribution.
  
  In practice, however, one can generally expect such prerequisites to be
  one of two things:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  The minimum prerequisites for the distribution, to which dynamic configuration will only add items
  
  =item *
  
  Whatever the distribution configured with on the releaser's machine at release time
  
  =back
  
  The second case often turns out to have identical results to the first case,
  albeit only by accident.
  
  As such, consumers may use this data for informational analysis, but
  presenting it to the user as canonical or relying on it as such is
  invariably the height of folly.
  
  =head2 Indexing distributions a la PAUSE
  
  While no_index tells you what must be ignored when indexing, this spec holds
  no opinion on how you should get your initial candidate list of things to
  possibly index. For "normal" distributions you might consider simply indexing
  the contents of lib/, but there are many fascinating oddities on CPAN and
  many dists from the days when it was normal to put the main .pm file in the
  root of the distribution archive - so PAUSE currently indexes all .pm and .PL
  files that are not either (a) specifically excluded by no_index (b) in
  C<inc>, C<xt>, or C<t> directories, or common 'mistake' directories such as
  C<perl5>.
  
  Or: If you're trying to be PAUSE-like, make sure you skip C<inc>, C<xt> and
  C<t> as well as anything marked as no_index.
  
  Also remember: If the META file contains a provides field, you shouldn't be
  indexing anything in the first place - just use that.
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  CPAN, L<http://www.cpan.org/>
  
  =item *
  
  JSON, L<http://json.org/>
  
  =item *
  
  YAML, L<http://www.yaml.org/>
  
  =item *
  
  L<CPAN>
  
  =item *
  
  L<CPANPLUS>
  
  =item *
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Module::Build>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Module::Install>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 HISTORY
  
  Ken Williams wrote the original CPAN Meta Spec (also known as the
  "META.yml spec") in 2003 and maintained it through several revisions
  with input from various members of the community.  In 2005, Randy
  Sims redrafted it from HTML to POD for the version 1.2 release.  Ken
  continued to maintain the spec through version 1.4.
  
  In late 2009, David Golden organized the version 2 proposal review
  process.  David and Ricardo Signes drafted the final version 2 spec
  in April 2010 based on the version 1.4 spec and patches contributed
  during the proposal process.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_SPEC

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/Validator.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_VALIDATOR';
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::Validator;
  # VERSION
  $CPAN::Meta::Validator::VERSION = '2.143240';
  #pod =head1 SYNOPSIS
  #pod
  #pod   my $struct = decode_json_file('META.json');
  #pod
  #pod   my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $struct );
  #pod
  #pod   unless ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
  #pod     my $msg = "Invalid META structure.  Errors found:\n";
  #pod     $msg .= join( "\n", $cmv->errors );
  #pod     die $msg;
  #pod   }
  #pod
  #pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
  #pod
  #pod This module validates a CPAN Meta structure against the version of the
  #pod the specification claimed in the C<meta-spec> field of the structure.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # This code copied and adapted from Test::CPAN::Meta
  # by Barbie, <barbie@cpan.org> for Miss Barbell Productions,
  # L<http://www.missbarbell.co.uk>
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # Specification Definitions
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  my %known_specs = (
      '1.4' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.4.html',
      '1.3' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.3.html',
      '1.2' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.2.html',
      '1.1' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.1.html',
      '1.0' => 'http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.0.html'
  );
  my %known_urls = map {$known_specs{$_} => $_} keys %known_specs;
  
  my $module_map1 = { 'map' => { ':key' => { name => \&module, value => \&exversion } } };
  
  my $module_map2 = { 'map' => { ':key' => { name => \&module, value => \&version   } } };
  
  my $no_index_2 = {
      'map'       => { file       => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       directory  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       'package'  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       namespace  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                      ':key'      => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
      }
  };
  
  my $no_index_1_3 = {
      'map'       => { file       => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       directory  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       'package'  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       namespace  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       ':key'     => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
      }
  };
  
  my $no_index_1_2 = {
      'map'       => { file       => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       dir        => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       'package'  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       namespace  => { list => { value => \&string } },
                       ':key'     => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
      }
  };
  
  my $no_index_1_1 = {
      'map'       => { ':key'     => { name => \&string, list => { value => \&string } },
      }
  };
  
  my $prereq_map = {
    map => {
      ':key' => {
        name => \&phase,
        'map' => {
          ':key'  => {
            name => \&relation,
            %$module_map1,
          },
        },
      }
    },
  };
  
  my %definitions = (
    '2' => {
      # REQUIRED
      'abstract'            => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
      'author'              => { mandatory => 1, list => { value => \&string } },
      'dynamic_config'      => { mandatory => 1, value => \&boolean },
      'generated_by'        => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
      'license'             => { mandatory => 1, list => { value => \&license } },
      'meta-spec' => {
        mandatory => 1,
        'map' => {
          version => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version},
          url     => { value => \&url },
          ':key' => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
        }
      },
      'name'                => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
      'release_status'      => { mandatory => 1, value => \&release_status },
      'version'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version },
  
      # OPTIONAL
      'description' => { value => \&string },
      'keywords'    => { list => { value => \&string } },
      'no_index'    => $no_index_2,
      'optional_features'   => {
        'map'       => {
          ':key'  => {
            name => \&string,
            'map'   => {
              description        => { value => \&string },
              prereqs => $prereq_map,
              ':key' => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
            }
          }
        }
      },
      'prereqs' => $prereq_map,
      'provides'    => {
        'map'       => {
          ':key' => {
            name  => \&module,
            'map' => {
              file    => { mandatory => 1, value => \&file },
              version => { value => \&version },
              ':key' => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
            }
          }
        }
      },
      'resources'   => {
        'map'       => {
          license    => { list => { value => \&url } },
          homepage   => { value => \&url },
          bugtracker => {
            'map' => {
              web => { value => \&url },
              mailto => { value => \&string},
              ':key' => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
            }
          },
          repository => {
            'map' => {
              web => { value => \&url },
              url => { value => \&url },
              type => { value => \&string },
              ':key' => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
            }
          },
          ':key'     => { value => \&string, name => \&custom_2 },
        }
      },
  
      # CUSTOM -- additional user defined key/value pairs
      # note we can only validate the key name, as the structure is user defined
      ':key'        => { name => \&custom_2, value => \&anything },
    },
  
  '1.4' => {
    'meta-spec'           => {
      mandatory => 1,
      'map' => {
        version => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version},
        url     => { mandatory => 1, value => \&urlspec },
        ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
      },
    },
  
    'name'                => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
    'version'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version },
    'abstract'            => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
    'author'              => { mandatory => 1, list  => { value => \&string } },
    'license'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&license },
    'generated_by'        => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
  
    'distribution_type'   => { value => \&string  },
    'dynamic_config'      => { value => \&boolean },
  
    'requires'            => $module_map1,
    'recommends'          => $module_map1,
    'build_requires'      => $module_map1,
    'configure_requires'  => $module_map1,
    'conflicts'           => $module_map2,
  
    'optional_features'   => {
      'map'       => {
          ':key'  => { name => \&string,
              'map'   => { description        => { value => \&string },
                           requires           => $module_map1,
                           recommends         => $module_map1,
                           build_requires     => $module_map1,
                           conflicts          => $module_map2,
                           ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
              }
          }
       }
    },
  
    'provides'    => {
      'map'       => {
        ':key' => { name  => \&module,
          'map' => {
            file    => { mandatory => 1, value => \&file },
            version => { value => \&version },
            ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
          }
        }
      }
    },
  
    'no_index'    => $no_index_1_3,
    'private'     => $no_index_1_3,
  
    'keywords'    => { list => { value => \&string } },
  
    'resources'   => {
      'map'       => { license    => { value => \&url },
                       homepage   => { value => \&url },
                       bugtracker => { value => \&url },
                       repository => { value => \&url },
                       ':key'     => { value => \&string, name => \&custom_1 },
      }
    },
  
    # additional user defined key/value pairs
    # note we can only validate the key name, as the structure is user defined
    ':key'        => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
  },
  
  '1.3' => {
    'meta-spec'           => {
      mandatory => 1,
      'map' => {
        version => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version},
        url     => { mandatory => 1, value => \&urlspec },
        ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
      },
    },
  
    'name'                => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
    'version'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version },
    'abstract'            => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
    'author'              => { mandatory => 1, list  => { value => \&string } },
    'license'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&license },
    'generated_by'        => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
  
    'distribution_type'   => { value => \&string  },
    'dynamic_config'      => { value => \&boolean },
  
    'requires'            => $module_map1,
    'recommends'          => $module_map1,
    'build_requires'      => $module_map1,
    'conflicts'           => $module_map2,
  
    'optional_features'   => {
      'map'       => {
          ':key'  => { name => \&string,
              'map'   => { description        => { value => \&string },
                           requires           => $module_map1,
                           recommends         => $module_map1,
                           build_requires     => $module_map1,
                           conflicts          => $module_map2,
                           ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
              }
          }
       }
    },
  
    'provides'    => {
      'map'       => {
        ':key' => { name  => \&module,
          'map' => {
            file    => { mandatory => 1, value => \&file },
            version => { value => \&version },
            ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
          }
        }
      }
    },
  
  
    'no_index'    => $no_index_1_3,
    'private'     => $no_index_1_3,
  
    'keywords'    => { list => { value => \&string } },
  
    'resources'   => {
      'map'       => { license    => { value => \&url },
                       homepage   => { value => \&url },
                       bugtracker => { value => \&url },
                       repository => { value => \&url },
                       ':key'     => { value => \&string, name => \&custom_1 },
      }
    },
  
    # additional user defined key/value pairs
    # note we can only validate the key name, as the structure is user defined
    ':key'        => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
  },
  
  # v1.2 is misleading, it seems to assume that a number of fields where created
  # within v1.1, when they were created within v1.2. This may have been an
  # original mistake, and that a v1.1 was retro fitted into the timeline, when
  # v1.2 was originally slated as v1.1. But I could be wrong ;)
  '1.2' => {
    'meta-spec'           => {
      mandatory => 1,
      'map' => {
        version => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version},
        url     => { mandatory => 1, value => \&urlspec },
        ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
      },
    },
  
  
    'name'                => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
    'version'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version },
    'license'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&license },
    'generated_by'        => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
    'author'              => { mandatory => 1, list => { value => \&string } },
    'abstract'            => { mandatory => 1, value => \&string  },
  
    'distribution_type'   => { value => \&string  },
    'dynamic_config'      => { value => \&boolean },
  
    'keywords'            => { list => { value => \&string } },
  
    'private'             => $no_index_1_2,
    '$no_index'           => $no_index_1_2,
  
    'requires'            => $module_map1,
    'recommends'          => $module_map1,
    'build_requires'      => $module_map1,
    'conflicts'           => $module_map2,
  
    'optional_features'   => {
      'map'       => {
          ':key'  => { name => \&string,
              'map'   => { description        => { value => \&string },
                           requires           => $module_map1,
                           recommends         => $module_map1,
                           build_requires     => $module_map1,
                           conflicts          => $module_map2,
                           ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
              }
          }
       }
    },
  
    'provides'    => {
      'map'       => {
        ':key' => { name  => \&module,
          'map' => {
            file    => { mandatory => 1, value => \&file },
            version => { value => \&version },
            ':key'  => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
          }
        }
      }
    },
  
    'resources'   => {
      'map'       => { license    => { value => \&url },
                       homepage   => { value => \&url },
                       bugtracker => { value => \&url },
                       repository => { value => \&url },
                       ':key'     => { value => \&string, name => \&custom_1 },
      }
    },
  
    # additional user defined key/value pairs
    # note we can only validate the key name, as the structure is user defined
    ':key'        => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
  },
  
  # note that the 1.1 spec only specifies 'version' as mandatory
  '1.1' => {
    'name'                => { value => \&string  },
    'version'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version },
    'license'             => { value => \&license },
    'generated_by'        => { value => \&string  },
  
    'license_uri'         => { value => \&url },
    'distribution_type'   => { value => \&string  },
    'dynamic_config'      => { value => \&boolean },
  
    'private'             => $no_index_1_1,
  
    'requires'            => $module_map1,
    'recommends'          => $module_map1,
    'build_requires'      => $module_map1,
    'conflicts'           => $module_map2,
  
    # additional user defined key/value pairs
    # note we can only validate the key name, as the structure is user defined
    ':key'        => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
  },
  
  # note that the 1.0 spec doesn't specify optional or mandatory fields
  # but we will treat version as mandatory since otherwise META 1.0 is
  # completely arbitrary and pointless
  '1.0' => {
    'name'                => { value => \&string  },
    'version'             => { mandatory => 1, value => \&version },
    'license'             => { value => \&license },
    'generated_by'        => { value => \&string  },
  
    'license_uri'         => { value => \&url },
    'distribution_type'   => { value => \&string  },
    'dynamic_config'      => { value => \&boolean },
  
    'requires'            => $module_map1,
    'recommends'          => $module_map1,
    'build_requires'      => $module_map1,
    'conflicts'           => $module_map2,
  
    # additional user defined key/value pairs
    # note we can only validate the key name, as the structure is user defined
    ':key'        => { name => \&string, value => \&anything },
  },
  );
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # Code
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  #pod =method new
  #pod
  #pod   my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $struct )
  #pod
  #pod The constructor must be passed a metadata structure.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub new {
    my ($class,$data) = @_;
  
    # create an attributes hash
    my $self = {
      'data'    => $data,
      'spec'    => eval { $data->{'meta-spec'}{'version'} } || "1.0",
      'errors'  => undef,
    };
  
    # create the object
    return bless $self, $class;
  }
  
  #pod =method is_valid
  #pod
  #pod   if ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
  #pod     ...
  #pod   }
  #pod
  #pod Returns a boolean value indicating whether the metadata provided
  #pod is valid.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub is_valid {
      my $self = shift;
      my $data = $self->{data};
      my $spec_version = $self->{spec};
      $self->check_map($definitions{$spec_version},$data);
      return ! $self->errors;
  }
  
  #pod =method errors
  #pod
  #pod   warn( join "\n", $cmv->errors );
  #pod
  #pod Returns a list of errors seen during validation.
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub errors {
      my $self = shift;
      return ()   unless(defined $self->{errors});
      return @{$self->{errors}};
  }
  
  #pod =begin :internals
  #pod
  #pod =head2 Check Methods
  #pod
  #pod =over
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod check_map($spec,$data)
  #pod
  #pod Checks whether a map (or hash) part of the data structure conforms to the
  #pod appropriate specification definition.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod check_list($spec,$data)
  #pod
  #pod Checks whether a list (or array) part of the data structure conforms to
  #pod the appropriate specification definition.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod =back
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  my $spec_error = "Missing validation action in specification. "
    . "Must be one of 'map', 'list', or 'value'";
  
  sub check_map {
      my ($self,$spec,$data) = @_;
  
      if(ref($spec) ne 'HASH') {
          $self->_error( "Unknown META specification, cannot validate." );
          return;
      }
  
      if(ref($data) ne 'HASH') {
          $self->_error( "Expected a map structure from string or file." );
          return;
      }
  
      for my $key (keys %$spec) {
          next    unless($spec->{$key}->{mandatory});
          next    if(defined $data->{$key});
          push @{$self->{stack}}, $key;
          $self->_error( "Missing mandatory field, '$key'" );
          pop @{$self->{stack}};
      }
  
      for my $key (keys %$data) {
          push @{$self->{stack}}, $key;
          if($spec->{$key}) {
              if($spec->{$key}{value}) {
                  $spec->{$key}{value}->($self,$key,$data->{$key});
              } elsif($spec->{$key}{'map'}) {
                  $self->check_map($spec->{$key}{'map'},$data->{$key});
              } elsif($spec->{$key}{'list'}) {
                  $self->check_list($spec->{$key}{'list'},$data->{$key});
              } else {
                  $self->_error( "$spec_error for '$key'" );
              }
  
          } elsif ($spec->{':key'}) {
              $spec->{':key'}{name}->($self,$key,$key);
              if($spec->{':key'}{value}) {
                  $spec->{':key'}{value}->($self,$key,$data->{$key});
              } elsif($spec->{':key'}{'map'}) {
                  $self->check_map($spec->{':key'}{'map'},$data->{$key});
              } elsif($spec->{':key'}{'list'}) {
                  $self->check_list($spec->{':key'}{'list'},$data->{$key});
              } else {
                  $self->_error( "$spec_error for ':key'" );
              }
  
  
          } else {
              $self->_error( "Unknown key, '$key', found in map structure" );
          }
          pop @{$self->{stack}};
      }
  }
  
  sub check_list {
      my ($self,$spec,$data) = @_;
  
      if(ref($data) ne 'ARRAY') {
          $self->_error( "Expected a list structure" );
          return;
      }
  
      if(defined $spec->{mandatory}) {
          if(!defined $data->[0]) {
              $self->_error( "Missing entries from mandatory list" );
          }
      }
  
      for my $value (@$data) {
          push @{$self->{stack}}, $value || "<undef>";
          if(defined $spec->{value}) {
              $spec->{value}->($self,'list',$value);
          } elsif(defined $spec->{'map'}) {
              $self->check_map($spec->{'map'},$value);
          } elsif(defined $spec->{'list'}) {
              $self->check_list($spec->{'list'},$value);
          } elsif ($spec->{':key'}) {
              $self->check_map($spec,$value);
          } else {
            $self->_error( "$spec_error associated with '$self->{stack}[-2]'" );
          }
          pop @{$self->{stack}};
      }
  }
  
  #pod =head2 Validator Methods
  #pod
  #pod =over
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod header($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that the header is valid.
  #pod
  #pod Note: No longer used as we now read the data structure, not the file.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod url($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that a given value is in an acceptable URL format
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod urlspec($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that the URL to a META specification is a known one.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod string_or_undef($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that the value is either a string or an undef value. Bit of a
  #pod catchall function for parts of the data structure that are completely user
  #pod defined.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod string($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that a string exists for the given key.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod file($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validate that a file is passed for the given key. This may be made more
  #pod thorough in the future. For now it acts like \&string.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod exversion($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates a list of versions, e.g. '<= 5, >=2, ==3, !=4, >1, <6, 0'.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod version($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates a single version string. Versions of the type '5.8.8' and '0.00_00'
  #pod are both valid. A leading 'v' like 'v1.2.3' is also valid.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod boolean($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates for a boolean value. Currently these values are '1', '0', 'true',
  #pod 'false', however the latter 2 may be removed.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod license($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that a value is given for the license. Returns 1 if an known license
  #pod type, or 2 if a value is given but the license type is not a recommended one.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod custom_1($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that the given key is in CamelCase, to indicate a user defined
  #pod keyword and only has characters in the class [-_a-zA-Z].  In version 1.X
  #pod of the spec, this was only explicitly stated for 'resources'.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod custom_2($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that the given key begins with 'x_' or 'X_', to indicate a user
  #pod defined keyword and only has characters in the class [-_a-zA-Z]
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod identifier($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that key is in an acceptable format for the META specification,
  #pod for an identifier, i.e. any that matches the regular expression
  #pod qr/[a-z][a-z_]/i.
  #pod
  #pod =item *
  #pod
  #pod module($self,$key,$value)
  #pod
  #pod Validates that a given key is in an acceptable module name format, e.g.
  #pod 'Test::CPAN::Meta::Version'.
  #pod
  #pod =back
  #pod
  #pod =end :internals
  #pod
  #pod =cut
  
  sub header {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value) {
          return 1    if($value && $value =~ /^--- #YAML:1.0/);
      }
      $self->_error( "file does not have a valid YAML header." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub release_status {
    my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
    if(defined $value) {
      my $version = $self->{data}{version} || '';
      if ( $version =~ /_/ ) {
        return 1 if ( $value =~ /\A(?:testing|unstable)\z/ );
        $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' is invalid for version '$version'" );
      }
      else {
        return 1 if ( $value =~ /\A(?:stable|testing|unstable)\z/ );
        $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' is invalid" );
      }
    }
    else {
      $self->_error( "'$key' is not defined" );
    }
    return 0;
  }
  
  # _uri_split taken from URI::Split by Gisle Aas, Copyright 2003
  sub _uri_split {
       return $_[0] =~ m,(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#(.*))?,;
  }
  
  sub url {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value) {
        my ($scheme, $auth, $path, $query, $frag) = _uri_split($value);
        unless ( defined $scheme && length $scheme ) {
          $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' does not have a URL scheme" );
          return 0;
        }
        unless ( defined $auth && length $auth ) {
          $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' does not have a URL authority" );
          return 0;
        }
        return 1;
      }
      $value ||= '';
      $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' is not a valid URL." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub urlspec {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value) {
          return 1    if($value && $known_specs{$self->{spec}} eq $value);
          if($value && $known_urls{$value}) {
              $self->_error( 'META specification URL does not match version' );
              return 0;
          }
      }
      $self->_error( 'Unknown META specification' );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub anything { return 1 }
  
  sub string {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value) {
          return 1    if($value || $value =~ /^0$/);
      }
      $self->_error( "value is an undefined string" );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub string_or_undef {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      return 1    unless(defined $value);
      return 1    if($value || $value =~ /^0$/);
      $self->_error( "No string defined for '$key'" );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub file {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      return 1    if(defined $value);
      $self->_error( "No file defined for '$key'" );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub exversion {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value && ($value || $value =~ /0/)) {
          my $pass = 1;
          for(split(",",$value)) { $self->version($key,$_) or ($pass = 0); }
          return $pass;
      }
      $value = '<undef>'  unless(defined $value);
      $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' is not a valid version." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub version {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value) {
          return 0    unless($value || $value =~ /0/);
          return 1    if($value =~ /^\s*((<|<=|>=|>|!=|==)\s*)?v?\d+((\.\d+((_|\.)\d+)?)?)/);
      } else {
          $value = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' is not a valid version." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub boolean {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      if(defined $value) {
          return 1    if($value =~ /^(0|1|true|false)$/);
      } else {
          $value = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "'$value' for '$key' is not a boolean value." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  my %v1_licenses = (
      'perl'         => 'http://dev.perl.org/licenses/',
      'gpl'          => 'http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php',
      'apache'       => 'http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0',
      'artistic'     => 'http://opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license.php',
      'artistic_2'   => 'http://opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license-2.0.php',
      'lgpl'         => 'http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license.php',
      'bsd'          => 'http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php',
      'gpl'          => 'http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php',
      'mit'          => 'http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php',
      'mozilla'      => 'http://opensource.org/licenses/mozilla1.1.php',
      'open_source'  => undef,
      'unrestricted' => undef,
      'restrictive'  => undef,
      'unknown'      => undef,
  );
  
  my %v2_licenses = map { $_ => 1 } qw(
    agpl_3
    apache_1_1
    apache_2_0
    artistic_1
    artistic_2
    bsd
    freebsd
    gfdl_1_2
    gfdl_1_3
    gpl_1
    gpl_2
    gpl_3
    lgpl_2_1
    lgpl_3_0
    mit
    mozilla_1_0
    mozilla_1_1
    openssl
    perl_5
    qpl_1_0
    ssleay
    sun
    zlib
    open_source
    restricted
    unrestricted
    unknown
  );
  
  sub license {
      my ($self,$key,$value) = @_;
      my $licenses = $self->{spec} < 2 ? \%v1_licenses : \%v2_licenses;
      if(defined $value) {
          return 1    if($value && exists $licenses->{$value});
      } else {
          $value = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "License '$value' is invalid" );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub custom_1 {
      my ($self,$key) = @_;
      if(defined $key) {
          # a valid user defined key should be alphabetic
          # and contain at least one capital case letter.
          return 1    if($key && $key =~ /^[_a-z]+$/i && $key =~ /[A-Z]/);
      } else {
          $key = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "Custom resource '$key' must be in CamelCase." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub custom_2 {
      my ($self,$key) = @_;
      if(defined $key) {
          return 1    if($key && $key =~ /^x_/i);  # user defined
      } else {
          $key = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "Custom key '$key' must begin with 'x_' or 'X_'." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub identifier {
      my ($self,$key) = @_;
      if(defined $key) {
          return 1    if($key && $key =~ /^([a-z][_a-z]+)$/i);    # spec 2.0 defined
      } else {
          $key = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "Key '$key' is not a legal identifier." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub module {
      my ($self,$key) = @_;
      if(defined $key) {
          return 1    if($key && $key =~ /^[A-Za-z0-9_]+(::[A-Za-z0-9_]+)*$/);
      } else {
          $key = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "Key '$key' is not a legal module name." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  my @valid_phases = qw/ configure build test runtime develop /;
  sub phase {
      my ($self,$key) = @_;
      if(defined $key) {
          return 1 if( length $key && grep { $key eq $_ } @valid_phases );
          return 1 if $key =~ /x_/i;
      } else {
          $key = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "Key '$key' is not a legal phase." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  my @valid_relations = qw/ requires recommends suggests conflicts /;
  sub relation {
      my ($self,$key) = @_;
      if(defined $key) {
          return 1 if( length $key && grep { $key eq $_ } @valid_relations );
          return 1 if $key =~ /x_/i;
      } else {
          $key = '<undef>';
      }
      $self->_error( "Key '$key' is not a legal prereq relationship." );
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub _error {
      my $self = shift;
      my $mess = shift;
  
      $mess .= ' ('.join(' -> ',@{$self->{stack}}).')'  if($self->{stack});
      $mess .= " [Validation: $self->{spec}]";
  
      push @{$self->{errors}}, $mess;
  }
  
  1;
  
  # ABSTRACT: validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::Validator - validate CPAN distribution metadata structures
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 2.143240
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    my $struct = decode_json_file('META.json');
  
    my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $struct );
  
    unless ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
      my $msg = "Invalid META structure.  Errors found:\n";
      $msg .= join( "\n", $cmv->errors );
      die $msg;
    }
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This module validates a CPAN Meta structure against the version of the
  the specification claimed in the C<meta-spec> field of the structure.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =head2 new
  
    my $cmv = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $struct )
  
  The constructor must be passed a metadata structure.
  
  =head2 is_valid
  
    if ( $cmv->is_valid ) {
      ...
    }
  
  Returns a boolean value indicating whether the metadata provided
  is valid.
  
  =head2 errors
  
    warn( join "\n", $cmv->errors );
  
  Returns a list of errors seen during validation.
  
  =begin :internals
  
  =head2 Check Methods
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  check_map($spec,$data)
  
  Checks whether a map (or hash) part of the data structure conforms to the
  appropriate specification definition.
  
  =item *
  
  check_list($spec,$data)
  
  Checks whether a list (or array) part of the data structure conforms to
  the appropriate specification definition.
  
  =item *
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Validator Methods
  
  =over
  
  =item *
  
  header($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that the header is valid.
  
  Note: No longer used as we now read the data structure, not the file.
  
  =item *
  
  url($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that a given value is in an acceptable URL format
  
  =item *
  
  urlspec($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that the URL to a META specification is a known one.
  
  =item *
  
  string_or_undef($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that the value is either a string or an undef value. Bit of a
  catchall function for parts of the data structure that are completely user
  defined.
  
  =item *
  
  string($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that a string exists for the given key.
  
  =item *
  
  file($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validate that a file is passed for the given key. This may be made more
  thorough in the future. For now it acts like \&string.
  
  =item *
  
  exversion($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates a list of versions, e.g. '<= 5, >=2, ==3, !=4, >1, <6, 0'.
  
  =item *
  
  version($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates a single version string. Versions of the type '5.8.8' and '0.00_00'
  are both valid. A leading 'v' like 'v1.2.3' is also valid.
  
  =item *
  
  boolean($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates for a boolean value. Currently these values are '1', '0', 'true',
  'false', however the latter 2 may be removed.
  
  =item *
  
  license($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that a value is given for the license. Returns 1 if an known license
  type, or 2 if a value is given but the license type is not a recommended one.
  
  =item *
  
  custom_1($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that the given key is in CamelCase, to indicate a user defined
  keyword and only has characters in the class [-_a-zA-Z].  In version 1.X
  of the spec, this was only explicitly stated for 'resources'.
  
  =item *
  
  custom_2($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that the given key begins with 'x_' or 'X_', to indicate a user
  defined keyword and only has characters in the class [-_a-zA-Z]
  
  =item *
  
  identifier($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that key is in an acceptable format for the META specification,
  for an identifier, i.e. any that matches the regular expression
  qr/[a-z][a-z_]/i.
  
  =item *
  
  module($self,$key,$value)
  
  Validates that a given key is in an acceptable module name format, e.g.
  'Test::CPAN::Meta::Version'.
  
  =back
  
  =end :internals
  
  =for Pod::Coverage anything boolean check_list custom_1 custom_2 exversion file
  identifier license module phase relation release_status string string_or_undef
  url urlspec version header check_map
  
  =head1 BUGS
  
  Please report any bugs or feature using the CPAN Request Tracker.
  Bugs can be submitted through the web interface at
  L<http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=CPAN-Meta>
  
  When submitting a bug or request, please include a test-file or a patch to an
  existing test-file that illustrates the bug or desired feature.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by David Golden and Ricardo Signes.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_META_VALIDATOR

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Meta/YAML.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_META_YAML';
  use 5.008001; # sane UTF-8 support
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package CPAN::Meta::YAML;
  $CPAN::Meta::YAML::VERSION = '0.011';
  BEGIN {
    $CPAN::Meta::YAML::AUTHORITY = 'cpan:ADAMK';
  }
  # git description: v1.59-TRIAL-1-g33d9cd2
  ; # original $VERSION removed by Doppelgaenger
  # XXX-INGY is 5.8.1 too old/broken for utf8?
  # XXX-XDG Lancaster consensus was that it was sufficient until
  # proven otherwise
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # The CPAN::Meta::YAML API.
  #
  # These are the currently documented API functions/methods and
  # exports:
  
  use Exporter;
  our @ISA       = qw{ Exporter  };
  our @EXPORT    = qw{ Load Dump };
  our @EXPORT_OK = qw{ LoadFile DumpFile freeze thaw };
  
  ###
  # Functional/Export API:
  
  sub Dump {
      return CPAN::Meta::YAML->new(@_)->_dump_string;
  }
  
  # XXX-INGY Returning last document seems a bad behavior.
  # XXX-XDG I think first would seem more natural, but I don't know
  # that it's worth changing now
  sub Load {
      my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML->_load_string(@_);
      if ( wantarray ) {
          return @$self;
      } else {
          # To match YAML.pm, return the last document
          return $self->[-1];
      }
  }
  
  # XXX-INGY Do we really need freeze and thaw?
  # XXX-XDG I don't think so.  I'd support deprecating them.
  BEGIN {
      *freeze = \&Dump;
      *thaw   = \&Load;
  }
  
  sub DumpFile {
      my $file = shift;
      return CPAN::Meta::YAML->new(@_)->_dump_file($file);
  }
  
  sub LoadFile {
      my $file = shift;
      my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML->_load_file($file);
      if ( wantarray ) {
          return @$self;
      } else {
          # Return only the last document to match YAML.pm,
          return $self->[-1];
      }
  }
  
  
  ###
  # Object Oriented API:
  
  # Create an empty CPAN::Meta::YAML object
  # XXX-INGY Why do we use ARRAY object?
  # NOTE: I get it now, but I think it's confusing and not needed.
  # Will change it on a branch later, for review.
  #
  # XXX-XDG I don't support changing it yet.  It's a very well-documented
  # "API" of CPAN::Meta::YAML.  I'd support deprecating it, but Adam suggested
  # we not change it until YAML.pm's own OO API is established so that
  # users only have one API change to digest, not two
  sub new {
      my $class = shift;
      bless [ @_ ], $class;
  }
  
  # XXX-INGY It probably doesn't matter, and it's probably too late to
  # change, but 'read/write' are the wrong names. Read and Write
  # are actions that take data from storage to memory
  # characters/strings. These take the data to/from storage to native
  # Perl objects, which the terms dump and load are meant. As long as
  # this is a legacy quirk to CPAN::Meta::YAML it's ok, but I'd prefer not
  # to add new {read,write}_* methods to this API.
  
  sub read_string {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->_load_string(@_);
  }
  
  sub write_string {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->_dump_string(@_);
  }
  
  sub read {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->_load_file(@_);
  }
  
  sub write {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->_dump_file(@_);
  }
  
  
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # Constants
  
  # Printed form of the unprintable characters in the lowest range
  # of ASCII characters, listed by ASCII ordinal position.
  my @UNPRINTABLE = qw(
      0    x01  x02  x03  x04  x05  x06  a
      b    t    n    v    f    r    x0E  x0F
      x10  x11  x12  x13  x14  x15  x16  x17
      x18  x19  x1A  e    x1C  x1D  x1E  x1F
  );
  
  # Printable characters for escapes
  my %UNESCAPES = (
      0 => "\x00", z => "\x00", N    => "\x85",
      a => "\x07", b => "\x08", t    => "\x09",
      n => "\x0a", v => "\x0b", f    => "\x0c",
      r => "\x0d", e => "\x1b", '\\' => '\\',
  );
  
  # XXX-INGY
  # I(ngy) need to decide if these values should be quoted in
  # CPAN::Meta::YAML or not. Probably yes.
  
  # These 3 values have special meaning when unquoted and using the
  # default YAML schema. They need quotes if they are strings.
  my %QUOTE = map { $_ => 1 } qw{
      null true false
  };
  
  # The commented out form is simpler, but overloaded the Perl regex
  # engine due to recursion and backtracking problems on strings
  # larger than 32,000ish characters. Keep it for reference purposes.
  # qr/\"((?:\\.|[^\"])*)\"/
  my $re_capture_double_quoted = qr/\"([^\\"]*(?:\\.[^\\"]*)*)\"/;
  my $re_capture_single_quoted = qr/\'([^\']*(?:\'\'[^\']*)*)\'/;
  # unquoted re gets trailing space that needs to be stripped
  my $re_capture_unquoted_key  = qr/([^:]+(?::+\S[^:]*)*)(?=\s*\:(?:\s+|$))/;
  my $re_trailing_comment      = qr/(?:\s+\#.*)?/;
  my $re_key_value_separator   = qr/\s*:(?:\s+(?:\#.*)?|$)/;
  
  
  
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # CPAN::Meta::YAML Implementation.
  #
  # These are the private methods that do all the work. They may change
  # at any time.
  
  
  ###
  # Loader functions:
  
  # Create an object from a file
  sub _load_file {
      my $class = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift;
  
      # Check the file
      my $file = shift or $class->_error( 'You did not specify a file name' );
      $class->_error( "File '$file' does not exist" )
          unless -e $file;
      $class->_error( "'$file' is a directory, not a file" )
          unless -f _;
      $class->_error( "Insufficient permissions to read '$file'" )
          unless -r _;
  
      # Open unbuffered with strict UTF-8 decoding and no translation layers
      open( my $fh, "<:unix:encoding(UTF-8)", $file );
      unless ( $fh ) {
          $class->_error("Failed to open file '$file': $!");
      }
  
      # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons)
      if ( _can_flock() ) {
          flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_SH() )
              or warn "Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!";
      }
  
      # slurp the contents
      my $contents = eval {
          use warnings FATAL => 'utf8';
          local $/;
          <$fh>
      };
      if ( my $err = $@ ) {
          $class->_error("Error reading from file '$file': $err");
      }
  
      # close the file (release the lock)
      unless ( close $fh ) {
          $class->_error("Failed to close file '$file': $!");
      }
  
      $class->_load_string( $contents );
  }
  
  # Create an object from a string
  sub _load_string {
      my $class  = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift;
      my $self   = bless [], $class;
      my $string = $_[0];
      eval {
          unless ( defined $string ) {
              die \"Did not provide a string to load";
          }
  
          # Check if Perl has it marked as characters, but it's internally
          # inconsistent.  E.g. maybe latin1 got read on a :utf8 layer
          if ( utf8::is_utf8($string) && ! utf8::valid($string) ) {
              die \<<'...';
  Read an invalid UTF-8 string (maybe mixed UTF-8 and 8-bit character set).
  Did you decode with lax ":utf8" instead of strict ":encoding(UTF-8)"?
  ...
          }
  
          # Ensure Unicode character semantics, even for 0x80-0xff
          utf8::upgrade($string);
  
          # Check for and strip any leading UTF-8 BOM
          $string =~ s/^\x{FEFF}//;
  
          # Check for some special cases
          return $self unless length $string;
  
          # Split the file into lines
          my @lines = grep { ! /^\s*(?:\#.*)?\z/ }
                  split /(?:\015{1,2}\012|\015|\012)/, $string;
  
          # Strip the initial YAML header
          @lines and $lines[0] =~ /^\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+.*\z/ and shift @lines;
  
          # A nibbling parser
          my $in_document = 0;
          while ( @lines ) {
              # Do we have a document header?
              if ( $lines[0] =~ /^---\s*(?:(.+)\s*)?\z/ ) {
                  # Handle scalar documents
                  shift @lines;
                  if ( defined $1 and $1 !~ /^(?:\#.+|\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+)\z/ ) {
                      push @$self,
                          $self->_load_scalar( "$1", [ undef ], \@lines );
                      next;
                  }
                  $in_document = 1;
              }
  
              if ( ! @lines or $lines[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
                  # A naked document
                  push @$self, undef;
                  while ( @lines and $lines[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                      shift @lines;
                  }
                  $in_document = 0;
  
              # XXX The final '-+$' is to look for -- which ends up being an
              # error later.
              } elsif ( ! $in_document && @$self ) {
                  # only the first document can be explicit
                  die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'";
              } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^\s*\-(?:\s|$|-+$)/ ) {
                  # An array at the root
                  my $document = [ ];
                  push @$self, $document;
                  $self->_load_array( $document, [ 0 ], \@lines );
  
              } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^(\s*)\S/ ) {
                  # A hash at the root
                  my $document = { };
                  push @$self, $document;
                  $self->_load_hash( $document, [ length($1) ], \@lines );
  
              } else {
                  # Shouldn't get here.  @lines have whitespace-only lines
                  # stripped, and previous match is a line with any
                  # non-whitespace.  So this clause should only be reachable via
                  # a perlbug where \s is not symmetric with \S
  
                  # uncoverable statement
                  die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'";
              }
          }
      };
      if ( ref $@ eq 'SCALAR' ) {
          $self->_error(${$@});
      } elsif ( $@ ) {
          $self->_error($@);
      }
  
      return $self;
  }
  
  sub _unquote_single {
      my ($self, $string) = @_;
      return '' unless length $string;
      $string =~ s/\'\'/\'/g;
      return $string;
  }
  
  sub _unquote_double {
      my ($self, $string) = @_;
      return '' unless length $string;
      $string =~ s/\\"/"/g;
      $string =~
          s{\\([Nnever\\fartz0b]|x([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))}
           {(length($1)>1)?pack("H2",$2):$UNESCAPES{$1}}gex;
      return $string;
  }
  
  # Load a YAML scalar string to the actual Perl scalar
  sub _load_scalar {
      my ($self, $string, $indent, $lines) = @_;
  
      # Trim trailing whitespace
      $string =~ s/\s*\z//;
  
      # Explitic null/undef
      return undef if $string eq '~';
  
      # Single quote
      if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_single_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) {
          return $self->_unquote_single($1);
      }
  
      # Double quote.
      if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_double_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) {
          return $self->_unquote_double($1);
      }
  
      # Special cases
      if ( $string =~ /^[\'\"!&]/ ) {
          die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$string'";
      }
      return {} if $string =~ /^{}(?:\s+\#.*)?\z/;
      return [] if $string =~ /^\[\](?:\s+\#.*)?\z/;
  
      # Regular unquoted string
      if ( $string !~ /^[>|]/ ) {
          die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found illegal characters in plain scalar: '$string'"
              if $string =~ /^(?:-(?:\s|$)|[\@\%\`])/ or
                  $string =~ /:(?:\s|$)/;
          $string =~ s/\s+#.*\z//;
          return $string;
      }
  
      # Error
      die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to find multi-line scalar content" unless @$lines;
  
      # Check the indent depth
      $lines->[0]   =~ /^(\s*)/;
      $indent->[-1] = length("$1");
      if ( defined $indent->[-2] and $indent->[-1] <= $indent->[-2] ) {
          die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'";
      }
  
      # Pull the lines
      my @multiline = ();
      while ( @$lines ) {
          $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
          last unless length($1) >= $indent->[-1];
          push @multiline, substr(shift(@$lines), length($1));
      }
  
      my $j = (substr($string, 0, 1) eq '>') ? ' ' : "\n";
      my $t = (substr($string, 1, 1) eq '-') ? ''  : "\n";
      return join( $j, @multiline ) . $t;
  }
  
  # Load an array
  sub _load_array {
      my ($self, $array, $indent, $lines) = @_;
  
      while ( @$lines ) {
          # Check for a new document
          if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
              while ( @$lines and $lines->[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                  shift @$lines;
              }
              return 1;
          }
  
          # Check the indent level
          $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
          if ( length($1) < $indent->[-1] ) {
              return 1;
          } elsif ( length($1) > $indent->[-1] ) {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'";
          }
  
          if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*\-\s+)[^\'\"]\S*\s*:(?:\s+|$)/ ) {
              # Inline nested hash
              my $indent2 = length("$1");
              $lines->[0] =~ s/-/ /;
              push @$array, { };
              $self->_load_hash( $array->[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines );
  
          } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s*\-\s*\z/ ) {
              shift @$lines;
              unless ( @$lines ) {
                  push @$array, undef;
                  return 1;
              }
              if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)\-/ ) {
                  my $indent2 = length("$1");
                  if ( $indent->[-1] == $indent2 ) {
                      # Null array entry
                      push @$array, undef;
                  } else {
                      # Naked indenter
                      push @$array, [ ];
                      $self->_load_array(
                          $array->[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines
                      );
                  }
  
              } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)\S/ ) {
                  push @$array, { };
                  $self->_load_hash(
                      $array->[-1], [ @$indent, length("$1") ], $lines
                  );
  
              } else {
                  die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'";
              }
  
          } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s*\-(\s*)(.+?)\s*\z/ ) {
              # Array entry with a value
              shift @$lines;
              push @$array, $self->_load_scalar(
                  "$2", [ @$indent, undef ], $lines
              );
  
          } elsif ( defined $indent->[-2] and $indent->[-1] == $indent->[-2] ) {
              # This is probably a structure like the following...
              # ---
              # foo:
              # - list
              # bar: value
              #
              # ... so lets return and let the hash parser handle it
              return 1;
  
          } else {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'";
          }
      }
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  # Load a hash
  sub _load_hash {
      my ($self, $hash, $indent, $lines) = @_;
  
      while ( @$lines ) {
          # Check for a new document
          if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
              while ( @$lines and $lines->[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                  shift @$lines;
              }
              return 1;
          }
  
          # Check the indent level
          $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
          if ( length($1) < $indent->[-1] ) {
              return 1;
          } elsif ( length($1) > $indent->[-1] ) {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'";
          }
  
          # Find the key
          my $key;
  
          # Quoted keys
          if ( $lines->[0] =~
              s/^\s*$re_capture_single_quoted$re_key_value_separator//
          ) {
              $key = $self->_unquote_single($1);
          }
          elsif ( $lines->[0] =~
              s/^\s*$re_capture_double_quoted$re_key_value_separator//
          ) {
              $key = $self->_unquote_double($1);
          }
          elsif ( $lines->[0] =~
              s/^\s*$re_capture_unquoted_key$re_key_value_separator//
          ) {
              $key = $1;
              $key =~ s/\s+$//;
          }
          elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s*\?/ ) {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$lines->[0]'";
          }
          else {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'";
          }
  
          # Do we have a value?
          if ( length $lines->[0] ) {
              # Yes
              $hash->{$key} = $self->_load_scalar(
                  shift(@$lines), [ @$indent, undef ], $lines
              );
          } else {
              # An indent
              shift @$lines;
              unless ( @$lines ) {
                  $hash->{$key} = undef;
                  return 1;
              }
              if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)-/ ) {
                  $hash->{$key} = [];
                  $self->_load_array(
                      $hash->{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines
                  );
              } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)./ ) {
                  my $indent2 = length("$1");
                  if ( $indent->[-1] >= $indent2 ) {
                      # Null hash entry
                      $hash->{$key} = undef;
                  } else {
                      $hash->{$key} = {};
                      $self->_load_hash(
                          $hash->{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines
                      );
                  }
              }
          }
      }
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  ###
  # Dumper functions:
  
  # Save an object to a file
  sub _dump_file {
      my $self = shift;
  
      require Fcntl;
  
      # Check the file
      my $file = shift or $self->_error( 'You did not specify a file name' );
  
      my $fh;
      # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons)
      if ( _can_flock() ) {
          # Open without truncation (truncate comes after lock)
          my $flags = Fcntl::O_WRONLY()|Fcntl::O_CREAT();
          sysopen( $fh, $file, $flags );
          unless ( $fh ) {
              $self->_error("Failed to open file '$file' for writing: $!");
          }
  
          # Use no translation and strict UTF-8
          binmode( $fh, ":raw:encoding(UTF-8)");
  
          flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_EX() )
              or warn "Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!";
  
          # truncate and spew contents
          truncate $fh, 0;
          seek $fh, 0, 0;
      }
      else {
          open $fh, ">:unix:encoding(UTF-8)", $file;
      }
  
      # serialize and spew to the handle
      print {$fh} $self->_dump_string;
  
      # close the file (release the lock)
      unless ( close $fh ) {
          $self->_error("Failed to close file '$file': $!");
      }
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  # Save an object to a string
  sub _dump_string {
      my $self = shift;
      return '' unless ref $self && @$self;
  
      # Iterate over the documents
      my $indent = 0;
      my @lines  = ();
  
      eval {
          foreach my $cursor ( @$self ) {
              push @lines, '---';
  
              # An empty document
              if ( ! defined $cursor ) {
                  # Do nothing
  
              # A scalar document
              } elsif ( ! ref $cursor ) {
                  $lines[-1] .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $cursor );
  
              # A list at the root
              } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'ARRAY' ) {
                  unless ( @$cursor ) {
                      $lines[-1] .= ' []';
                      next;
                  }
                  push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $cursor, $indent, {} );
  
              # A hash at the root
              } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'HASH' ) {
                  unless ( %$cursor ) {
                      $lines[-1] .= ' {}';
                      next;
                  }
                  push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $cursor, $indent, {} );
  
              } else {
                  die \("Cannot serialize " . ref($cursor));
              }
          }
      };
      if ( ref $@ eq 'SCALAR' ) {
          $self->_error(${$@});
      } elsif ( $@ ) {
          $self->_error($@);
      }
  
      join '', map { "$_\n" } @lines;
  }
  
  sub _has_internal_string_value {
      my $value = shift;
      my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value);  # for round trip problem
      return $b_obj->FLAGS & B::SVf_POK();
  }
  
  sub _dump_scalar {
      my $string = $_[1];
      my $is_key = $_[2];
      # Check this before checking length or it winds up looking like a string!
      my $has_string_flag = _has_internal_string_value($string);
      return '~'  unless defined $string;
      return "''" unless length  $string;
      if (Scalar::Util::looks_like_number($string)) {
          # keys and values that have been used as strings get quoted
          if ( $is_key || $has_string_flag ) {
              return qq['$string'];
          }
          else {
              return $string;
          }
      }
      if ( $string =~ /[\x00-\x09\x0b-\x0d\x0e-\x1f\x7f-\x9f\'\n]/ ) {
          $string =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
          $string =~ s/"/\\"/g;
          $string =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
          $string =~ s/[\x85]/\\N/g;
          $string =~ s/([\x00-\x1f])/\\$UNPRINTABLE[ord($1)]/g;
          $string =~ s/([\x7f-\x9f])/'\x' . sprintf("%X",ord($1))/ge;
          return qq|"$string"|;
      }
      if ( $string =~ /(?:^[~!@#%&*|>?:,'"`{}\[\]]|^-+$|\s|:\z)/ or
          $QUOTE{$string}
      ) {
          return "'$string'";
      }
      return $string;
  }
  
  sub _dump_array {
      my ($self, $array, $indent, $seen) = @_;
      if ( $seen->{refaddr($array)}++ ) {
          die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references";
      }
      my @lines  = ();
      foreach my $el ( @$array ) {
          my $line = ('  ' x $indent) . '-';
          my $type = ref $el;
          if ( ! $type ) {
              $line .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $el );
              push @lines, $line;
  
          } elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) {
              if ( @$el ) {
                  push @lines, $line;
                  push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
              } else {
                  $line .= ' []';
                  push @lines, $line;
              }
  
          } elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) {
              if ( keys %$el ) {
                  push @lines, $line;
                  push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
              } else {
                  $line .= ' {}';
                  push @lines, $line;
              }
  
          } else {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references";
          }
      }
  
      @lines;
  }
  
  sub _dump_hash {
      my ($self, $hash, $indent, $seen) = @_;
      if ( $seen->{refaddr($hash)}++ ) {
          die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references";
      }
      my @lines  = ();
      foreach my $name ( sort keys %$hash ) {
          my $el   = $hash->{$name};
          my $line = ('  ' x $indent) . $self->_dump_scalar($name, 1) . ":";
          my $type = ref $el;
          if ( ! $type ) {
              $line .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $el );
              push @lines, $line;
  
          } elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) {
              if ( @$el ) {
                  push @lines, $line;
                  push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
              } else {
                  $line .= ' []';
                  push @lines, $line;
              }
  
          } elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) {
              if ( keys %$el ) {
                  push @lines, $line;
                  push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
              } else {
                  $line .= ' {}';
                  push @lines, $line;
              }
  
          } else {
              die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references";
          }
      }
  
      @lines;
  }
  
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # DEPRECATED API methods:
  
  # Error storage (DEPRECATED as of 1.57)
  our $errstr    = '';
  
  # Set error
  sub _error {
      require Carp;
      $errstr = $_[1];
      $errstr =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+.*//;
      Carp::croak( $errstr );
  }
  
  # Retrieve error
  my $errstr_warned;
  sub errstr {
      require Carp;
      Carp::carp( "CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr and \$CPAN::Meta::YAML::errstr is deprecated" )
          unless $errstr_warned++;
      $errstr;
  }
  
  
  
  
  #####################################################################
  # Helper functions. Possibly not needed.
  
  
  # Use to detect nv or iv
  use B;
  
  # XXX-INGY Is flock CPAN::Meta::YAML's responsibility?
  # Some platforms can't flock :-(
  # XXX-XDG I think it is.  When reading and writing files, we ought
  # to be locking whenever possible.  People (foolishly) use YAML
  # files for things like session storage, which has race issues.
  my $HAS_FLOCK;
  sub _can_flock {
      if ( defined $HAS_FLOCK ) {
          return $HAS_FLOCK;
      }
      else {
          require Config;
          my $c = \%Config::Config;
          $HAS_FLOCK = grep { $c->{$_} } qw/d_flock d_fcntl_can_lock d_lockf/;
          require Fcntl if $HAS_FLOCK;
          return $HAS_FLOCK;
      }
  }
  
  
  # XXX-INGY Is this core in 5.8.1? Can we remove this?
  # XXX-XDG Scalar::Util 1.18 didn't land until 5.8.8, so we need this
  #####################################################################
  # Use Scalar::Util if possible, otherwise emulate it
  
  BEGIN {
      local $@;
      if ( eval { require Scalar::Util }
        && $Scalar::Util::VERSION
        && eval($Scalar::Util::VERSION) >= 1.18
      ) {
          *refaddr = *Scalar::Util::refaddr;
      }
      else {
          eval <<'END_PERL';
  # Scalar::Util failed to load or too old
  sub refaddr {
      my $pkg = ref($_[0]) or return undef;
      if ( !! UNIVERSAL::can($_[0], 'can') ) {
          bless $_[0], 'Scalar::Util::Fake';
      } else {
          $pkg = undef;
      }
      "$_[0]" =~ /0x(\w+)/;
      my $i = do { no warnings 'portable'; hex $1 };
      bless $_[0], $pkg if defined $pkg;
      $i;
  }
  END_PERL
      }
  }
  
  
  
  
  1;
  
  # XXX-INGY Doc notes I'm putting up here. Changing the doc when it's wrong
  # but leaving grey area stuff up here.
  #
  # I would like to change Read/Write to Load/Dump below without
  # changing the actual API names.
  #
  # It might be better to put Load/Dump API in the SYNOPSIS instead of the
  # dubious OO API.
  #
  # null and bool explanations may be outdated.
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Meta::YAML - Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 0.011
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
      use CPAN::Meta::YAML;
  
      # reading a META file
      open $fh, "<:utf8", "META.yml";
      $yaml_text = do { local $/; <$fh> };
      $yaml = CPAN::Meta::YAML->read_string($yaml_text)
        or die CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr;
  
      # finding the metadata
      $meta = $yaml->[0];
  
      # writing a META file
      $yaml_text = $yaml->write_string
        or die CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr;
      open $fh, ">:utf8", "META.yml";
      print $fh $yaml_text;
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This module implements a subset of the YAML specification for use in reading
  and writing CPAN metadata files like F<META.yml> and F<MYMETA.yml>.  It should
  not be used for any other general YAML parsing or generation task.
  
  NOTE: F<META.yml> (and F<MYMETA.yml>) files should be UTF-8 encoded.  Users are
  responsible for proper encoding and decoding.  In particular, the C<read> and
  C<write> methods do B<not> support UTF-8 and should not be used.
  
  =head1 SUPPORT
  
  This module is currently derived from L<YAML::Tiny> by Adam Kennedy.  If
  there are bugs in how it parses a particular META.yml file, please file
  a bug report in the YAML::Tiny bugtracker:
  L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=YAML-Tiny>
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<YAML::Tiny>, L<YAML>, L<YAML::XS>
  
  =for :stopwords cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee diff irc mailto metadata placeholders metacpan
  
  =head1 SUPPORT
  
  =head2 Bugs / Feature Requests
  
  Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker
  at L<https://github.com/dagolden/CPAN-Meta-YAML/issues>.
  You will be notified automatically of any progress on your issue.
  
  =head2 Source Code
  
  This is open source software.  The code repository is available for
  public review and contribution under the terms of the license.
  
  L<https://github.com/dagolden/CPAN-Meta-YAML>
  
    git clone https://github.com/dagolden/CPAN-Meta-YAML.git
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>
  
  =item *
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2010 by Adam Kennedy.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
  
  __END__
  
  
  # ABSTRACT: Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files
  
  
CPAN_META_YAML

$fatpacked{"CPAN/Perl/Releases.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CPAN_PERL_RELEASES';
  package CPAN::Perl::Releases;
  $CPAN::Perl::Releases::VERSION = '5.20200120';
  #ABSTRACT: Mapping Perl releases on CPAN to the location of the tarballs
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  use vars qw[@ISA @EXPORT_OK];
  
  use Exporter;
  
  @ISA       = qw(Exporter);
  @EXPORT_OK = qw(perl_tarballs perl_versions perl_pumpkins);
  
  # Data gathered from using findlinks.pl script in this dists tools/
  # directory, run over the src/5.0 of a local CPAN mirror.
  our $cache = { };
  our $data =
  {
  "5.004" => { id => 'CHIPS' },
  "5.004_01" => { id => 'TIMB' },
  "5.004_02" => { id => 'TIMB' },
  "5.004_03" => { id => 'TIMB' },
  "5.004_04" => { id => 'TIMB' },
  "5.004_05" => { id => 'CHIPS' },
  "5.005" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.005_01" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.005_02" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.005_03" => { id => 'GBARR' },
  "5.005_04" => { id => 'LBROCARD' },
  "5.6.0" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.6.1-TRIAL1" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.6.1-TRIAL2" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.6.1-TRIAL3" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.6.1" => { id => 'GSAR' },
  "5.6.2" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.7.0" => { id => 'JHI' },
  "5.7.2" => { id => 'JHI' },
  "5.7.3" => { id => 'JHI' },
  "5.8.0" => { id => 'JHI' },
  "5.8.1" => { id => 'JHI' },
  "5.8.2" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.3" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.4" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.5" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.6" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.7" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.8" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.8.9" => { id => 'NWCLARK' },
  "5.9.0" => { id => 'HVDS' },
  "5.9.1" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.9.2" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.9.3" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.9.4" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.9.5" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.10.0" => { id => 'RGARCIA' },
  "5.10.1" => { id => 'DAPM' },
  "5.11.0" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.11.1" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.11.2" => { id => 'LBROCARD' },
  "5.11.3" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.11.4" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.11.5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.12.0" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.12.1" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.12.2" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.12.3" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.12.4" => { id => 'LBROCARD' },
  "5.12.5" => { id => 'DOM' },
  "5.13.0" => { id => 'LBROCARD' },
  "5.13.1" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.13.2" => { id => 'MSTROUT' },
  "5.13.3" => { id => 'DAGOLDEN' },
  "5.13.4" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.13.5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.13.6" => { id => 'MIYAGAWA' },
  "5.13.7" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.13.8" => { id => 'ZEFRAM' },
  "5.13.9" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.13.10" => { id => 'AVAR' },
  "5.13.11" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.14.0" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.14.1" => { id => 'JESSE' },
  "5.14.2-RC1" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.14.2" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.14.3" => { id => 'DOM' },
  "5.14.4-RC1" => { id => 'DAPM' },
  "5.14.4-RC2" => { id => 'DAPM' },
  "5.14.4" => { id => 'DAPM' },
  "5.15.0" => { id => 'DAGOLDEN' },
  "5.15.1" => { id => 'ZEFRAM' },
  "5.15.2" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.15.3" => { id => 'STEVAN' },
  "5.15.4" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.15.5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.15.6" => { id => 'DROLSKY' },
  "5.15.7" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.15.8" => { id => 'CORION' },
  "5.15.9" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.16.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.16.1" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.16.2" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.16.3" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.17.0" => { id => 'ZEFRAM' },
  "5.17.1" => { id => 'DOY' },
  "5.17.2" => { id => 'TONYC' },
  "5.17.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.17.4" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.17.5" => { id => 'FLORA' },
  "5.17.6" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.17.7" => { id => 'DROLSKY' },
  "5.17.8" => { id => 'ARC' },
  "5.17.9" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.17.10" => { id => 'CORION' },
  "5.17.11" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.18.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.18.1" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.19.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.19.1" => { id => 'DAGOLDEN' },
  "5.19.2" => { id => 'ARISTOTLE' },
  "5.19.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.19.4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.19.5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.19.6" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.19.7" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.18.2" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.19.8" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.19.9" => { id => 'TONYC' },
  "5.19.10" => { id => 'ARC' },
  "5.19.11" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.20.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.21.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.21.1" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  "5.21.2" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.21.3" => { id => 'PCM' },
  "5.20.1-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.20.1-RC2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.20.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.21.4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.18.3" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.18.4" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.21.5" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.21.6" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.21.7" => { id => 'CORION' },
  "5.21.8" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  "5.20.2-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.20.2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.21.10" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.21.11" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.23.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.23.1" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  "5.23.2" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  "5.20.3-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.20.3-RC2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.20.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.23.3" => { id => 'PCM' },
  "5.23.4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.1-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.1-RC2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.23.5" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.22.1-RC3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.1-RC4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.23.6" => { id => 'DAGOLDEN', noxz => 1 },
  "5.23.7" => { id => 'STEVAN' },
  "5.23.9" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.22.2-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.0-RC1" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.24.0-RC2" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.24.0-RC3" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.22.2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.0-RC4" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.24.0-RC5" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.24.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.25.0" => { id => 'RJBS' },
  "5.25.2" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  "5.22.3-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.1-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.25.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.3-RC2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.1-RC2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.3-RC3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.1-RC3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.25.4" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.25.5" => { id => 'STEVAN' },
  "5.22.3-RC4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.1-RC4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.25.6" => { id => 'ARC' },
  "5.25.7" => { id => 'EXODIST' },
  "5.22.3-RC5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.1-RC5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.25.9" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.25.10" => { id => 'RENEEB' },
  "5.26.0" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.27.1" => { id => 'EHERMAN' },
  "5.22.4-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.2-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.22.4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.27.2" => { id => 'ARC' },
  "5.27.3" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  "5.24.3-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.26.1-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.27.4" => { id => 'GENEHACK' },
  "5.24.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.26.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.27.5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.27.6" => { id => 'ETHER' },
  "5.27.7" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.27.8" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.27.9" => { id => 'RENEEB' },
  "5.27.10" => { id => 'TODDR' },
  "5.24.4-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.26.2-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.24.4" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.26.2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.27.11" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.28.0-RC1" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.28.0-RC2" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.28.0-RC3" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.28.0-RC4" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.28.0" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.29.0" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.29.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.29.2" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.29.3" => { id => 'GENEHACK' },
  "5.29.4" => { id => 'ARC' },
  "5.29.5" => { id => 'ETHER' },
  "5.26.3" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.28.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.29.6" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.29.7" => { id => 'ABIGAIL' },
  "5.29.8" => { id => 'ATOOMIC' },
  "5.29.9" => { id => 'ZAKAME' },
  "5.28.2-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.28.2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.29.10" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.30.0-RC1" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.30.0-RC2" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.30.0" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.31.0" => { id => 'XSAWYERX' },
  "5.31.1" => { id => 'ETHER' },
  "5.31.2" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.31.3" => { id => 'TOMHUKINS' },
  "5.31.4" => { id => 'CORION' },
  "5.31.5" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.30.1-RC1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.30.1" => { id => 'SHAY' },
  "5.31.6" => { id => 'BINGOS' },
  "5.31.7" => { id => 'ATOOMIC' },
  "5.31.8" => { id => 'WOLFSAGE' },
  };
  
  sub perl_tarballs {
    my $vers = shift;
    return unless defined $vers;
    $vers = shift if eval { $vers->isa(__PACKAGE__) };
    return unless exists $data->{ $vers };
    if ( exists $cache->{ $vers } ) {
      return { %{ $cache->{ $vers } } };
    }
    my $pumpkin = $data->{ $vers }->{id};
    my $path = join '/', substr( $pumpkin, 0, 1 ), substr( $pumpkin, 0, 2 ), $pumpkin;
    my $sep = ( $vers =~ m!^5\.0! ? '' : '-' );
    my $perl = join $sep, 'perl', $vers;
    my $onlygz = 1 if $vers =~ m!(?-xism:5.(?:00(?:4(?:_0[12345])?|5(?:_0[1234])?|3_07)|1(?:0.0(?:-RC[12])?|6.0-RC0)|6.(?:[02]|1(?:-TRIAL[123])?)|9.[12345]|7.[0123]|8.[01]))! || $data->{ $vers }->{onlygz};
    my $onlybz2 = 1 if $data->{ $vers }->{onlybz2};
    my $noxz = 1 if $data->{ $vers }->{noxz};
    my $lvers;
    {
      my $tvers = $vers;
      $tvers =~ s!\-?(TRIAL|RC)\d*!!g;
      $tvers =~ s!_!.!g;
      my @parts = split m!\.!, $tvers;
      push @parts, 0 if scalar @parts < 3;
      $lvers = sprintf("%d.%03d%03d",@parts);
    }
    my $foo = { };
    $foo->{'tar.gz'} = "$path/$perl.tar.gz" unless $onlybz2;
    $foo->{'tar.bz2'} = "$path/$perl.tar.bz2" unless $onlygz || $lvers > 5.027005;
    $foo->{'tar.xz'} = "$path/$perl.tar.xz" if $lvers > 5.021005 && !$noxz;
    $cache->{ $vers } = $foo;
    return { %$foo };
  }
  
  sub perl_versions {
      return sort _by_version keys %$data;
  }
  
  
  sub _by_version {
    my %v = map {
      my @v = split(qr/[-._]0*/, $_);
      $v[2] ||= 0;
      $v[3] ||= 'Z';
      ($_ => sprintf '%d.%03d%03d-%s', @v)
    } $a, $b;
    $v{$a} cmp $v{$b};
  }
  
  sub perl_pumpkins {
      my %pumps = map { ( $data->{$_}->{id} => 1 ) } keys %$data;
      return sort keys %pumps;
  }
  
  q|Acme::Why::Did::I::Not::Read::The::Fecking::Memo|;
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  CPAN::Perl::Releases - Mapping Perl releases on CPAN to the location of the tarballs
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 5.20200120
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use CPAN::Perl::Releases qw[perl_tarballs];
  
    my $perl = '5.14.0';
  
    my $hashref = perl_tarballs( $perl );
  
    print "Location: ", $_, "\n" for values %{ $hashref };
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  CPAN::Perl::Releases is a module that contains the mappings of all C<perl> releases that have been uploaded to CPAN to the
  C<authors/id/> path that the tarballs reside in.
  
  This is static data, but newer versions of this module will be made available as new releases of C<perl> are uploaded to CPAN.
  
  =head1 FUNCTIONS
  
  =over
  
  =item C<perl_tarballs>
  
  Takes one parameter, a C<perl> version to search for. Returns an hashref on success or C<undef> otherwise.
  
  The returned hashref will have a key/value for each type of tarball. A key of C<tar.gz> indicates the location
  of a gzipped tar file and C<tar.bz2> of a bzip2'd tar file. The values will be the relative path under C<authors/id/>
  on CPAN where the indicated tarball will be located.
  
    perl_tarballs( '5.14.0' );
  
    Returns a hashref like:
  
    {
      "tar.bz2" => "J/JE/JESSE/perl-5.14.0.tar.bz2",
      "tar.gz" => "J/JE/JESSE/perl-5.14.0.tar.gz"
    }
  
  Not all C<perl> releases had C<tar.bz2>, but only a C<tar.gz>.
  
  Perl tarballs may also be compressed using C<xz> and therefore have a C<tar.xz> entry.
  
  =item C<perl_versions>
  
  Returns the list of all the perl versions supported by the module in ascending order. C<TRIAL> and C<RC> will be lower
  than an actual release.
  
  =item C<perl_pumpkins>
  
  Returns a sorted list of all PAUSE IDs of Perl pumpkins.
  
  =back
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/>
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Chris Williams <chris@bingosnet.co.uk>
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 2020 by Chris Williams.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
CPAN_PERL_RELEASES

$fatpacked{"Capture/Tiny.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'CAPTURE_TINY';
  use 5.006;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  package Capture::Tiny;
  # ABSTRACT: Capture STDOUT and STDERR from Perl, XS or external programs
  our $VERSION = '0.48';
  use Carp ();
  use Exporter ();
  use IO::Handle ();
  use File::Spec ();
  use File::Temp qw/tempfile tmpnam/;
  use Scalar::Util qw/reftype blessed/;
  # Get PerlIO or fake it
  BEGIN {
    local $@;
    eval { require PerlIO; PerlIO->can('get_layers') }
      or *PerlIO::get_layers = sub { return () };
  }
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # create API subroutines and export them
  # [do STDOUT flag, do STDERR flag, do merge flag, do tee flag]
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  my %api = (
    capture         => [1,1,0,0],
    capture_stdout  => [1,0,0,0],
    capture_stderr  => [0,1,0,0],
    capture_merged  => [1,1,1,0],
    tee             => [1,1,0,1],
    tee_stdout      => [1,0,0,1],
    tee_stderr      => [0,1,0,1],
    tee_merged      => [1,1,1,1],
  );
  
  for my $sub ( keys %api ) {
    my $args = join q{, }, @{$api{$sub}};
    eval "sub $sub(&;@) {unshift \@_, $args; goto \\&_capture_tee;}"; ## no critic
  }
  
  our @ISA = qw/Exporter/;
  our @EXPORT_OK = keys %api;
  our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => \@EXPORT_OK );
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # constants and fixtures
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  my $IS_WIN32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
  
  ##our $DEBUG = $ENV{PERL_CAPTURE_TINY_DEBUG};
  ##
  ##my $DEBUGFH;
  ##open $DEBUGFH, "> DEBUG" if $DEBUG;
  ##
  ##*_debug = $DEBUG ? sub(@) { print {$DEBUGFH} @_ } : sub(){0};
  
  our $TIMEOUT = 30;
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # command to tee output -- the argument is a filename that must
  # be opened to signal that the process is ready to receive input.
  # This is annoying, but seems to be the best that can be done
  # as a simple, portable IPC technique
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  my @cmd = ($^X, '-C0', '-e', <<'HERE');
  use Fcntl;
  $SIG{HUP}=sub{exit};
  if ( my $fn=shift ) {
      sysopen(my $fh, qq{$fn}, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL) or die $!;
      print {$fh} $$;
      close $fh;
  }
  my $buf; while (sysread(STDIN, $buf, 2048)) {
      syswrite(STDOUT, $buf); syswrite(STDERR, $buf);
  }
  HERE
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # filehandle manipulation
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  sub _relayer {
    my ($fh, $apply_layers) = @_;
    # _debug("# requested layers (@{$layers}) for @{[fileno $fh]}\n");
  
    # eliminate pseudo-layers
    binmode( $fh, ":raw" );
    # strip off real layers until only :unix is left
    while ( 1 < ( my $layers =()= PerlIO::get_layers( $fh, output => 1 ) ) ) {
        binmode( $fh, ":pop" );
    }
    # apply other layers
    my @to_apply = @$apply_layers;
    shift @to_apply; # eliminate initial :unix
    # _debug("# applying layers  (unix @to_apply) to @{[fileno $fh]}\n");
    binmode($fh, ":" . join(":",@to_apply));
  }
  
  sub _name {
    my $glob = shift;
    no strict 'refs'; ## no critic
    return *{$glob}{NAME};
  }
  
  sub _open {
    open $_[0], $_[1] or Carp::confess "Error from open(" . join(q{, }, @_) . "): $!";
    # _debug( "# open " . join( ", " , map { defined $_ ? _name($_) : 'undef' } @_ ) . " as " . fileno( $_[0] ) . "\n" );
  }
  
  sub _close {
    # _debug( "# closing " . ( defined $_[0] ? _name($_[0]) : 'undef' )  . " on " . fileno( $_[0] ) . "\n" );
    close $_[0] or Carp::confess "Error from close(" . join(q{, }, @_) . "): $!";
  }
  
  my %dup; # cache this so STDIN stays fd0
  my %proxy_count;
  sub _proxy_std {
    my %proxies;
    if ( ! defined fileno STDIN ) {
      $proxy_count{stdin}++;
      if (defined $dup{stdin}) {
        _open \*STDIN, "<&=" . fileno($dup{stdin});
        # _debug( "# restored proxy STDIN as " . (defined fileno STDIN ? fileno STDIN : 'undef' ) . "\n" );
      }
      else {
        _open \*STDIN, "<" . File::Spec->devnull;
        # _debug( "# proxied STDIN as " . (defined fileno STDIN ? fileno STDIN : 'undef' ) . "\n" );
        _open $dup{stdin} = IO::Handle->new, "<&=STDIN";
      }
      $proxies{stdin} = \*STDIN;
      binmode(STDIN, ':utf8') if $] >= 5.008; ## no critic
    }
    if ( ! defined fileno STDOUT ) {
      $proxy_count{stdout}++;
      if (defined $dup{stdout}) {
        _open \*STDOUT, ">&=" . fileno($dup{stdout});
        # _debug( "# restored proxy STDOUT as " . (defined fileno STDOUT ? fileno STDOUT : 'undef' ) . "\n" );
      }
      else {
        _open \*STDOUT, ">" . File::Spec->devnull;
         # _debug( "# proxied STDOUT as " . (defined fileno STDOUT ? fileno STDOUT : 'undef' ) . "\n" );
        _open $dup{stdout} = IO::Handle->new, ">&=STDOUT";
      }
      $proxies{stdout} = \*STDOUT;
      binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8') if $] >= 5.008; ## no critic
    }
    if ( ! defined fileno STDERR ) {
      $proxy_count{stderr}++;
      if (defined $dup{stderr}) {
        _open \*STDERR, ">&=" . fileno($dup{stderr});
         # _debug( "# restored proxy STDERR as " . (defined fileno STDERR ? fileno STDERR : 'undef' ) . "\n" );
      }
      else {
        _open \*STDERR, ">" . File::Spec->devnull;
         # _debug( "# proxied STDERR as " . (defined fileno STDERR ? fileno STDERR : 'undef' ) . "\n" );
        _open $dup{stderr} = IO::Handle->new, ">&=STDERR";
      }
      $proxies{stderr} = \*STDERR;
      binmode(STDERR, ':utf8') if $] >= 5.008; ## no critic
    }
    return %proxies;
  }
  
  sub _unproxy {
    my (%proxies) = @_;
    # _debug( "# unproxying: " . join(" ", keys %proxies) . "\n" );
    for my $p ( keys %proxies ) {
      $proxy_count{$p}--;
      # _debug( "# unproxied " . uc($p) . " ($proxy_count{$p} left)\n" );
      if ( ! $proxy_count{$p} ) {
        _close $proxies{$p};
        _close $dup{$p} unless $] < 5.008; # 5.6 will have already closed this as dup
        delete $dup{$p};
      }
    }
  }
  
  sub _copy_std {
    my %handles;
    for my $h ( qw/stdout stderr stdin/ ) {
      next if $h eq 'stdin' && ! $IS_WIN32; # WIN32 hangs on tee without STDIN copied
      my $redir = $h eq 'stdin' ? "<&" : ">&";
      _open $handles{$h} = IO::Handle->new(), $redir . uc($h); # ">&STDOUT" or "<&STDIN"
    }
    return \%handles;
  }
  
  # In some cases we open all (prior to forking) and in others we only open
  # the output handles (setting up redirection)
  sub _open_std {
    my ($handles) = @_;
    _open \*STDIN, "<&" . fileno $handles->{stdin} if defined $handles->{stdin};
    _open \*STDOUT, ">&" . fileno $handles->{stdout} if defined $handles->{stdout};
    _open \*STDERR, ">&" . fileno $handles->{stderr} if defined $handles->{stderr};
  }
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # private subs
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  sub _start_tee {
    my ($which, $stash) = @_; # $which is "stdout" or "stderr"
    # setup pipes
    $stash->{$_}{$which} = IO::Handle->new for qw/tee reader/;
    pipe $stash->{reader}{$which}, $stash->{tee}{$which};
    # _debug( "# pipe for $which\: " .  _name($stash->{tee}{$which}) . " " . fileno( $stash->{tee}{$which} ) . " => " . _name($stash->{reader}{$which}) . " " . fileno( $stash->{reader}{$which}) . "\n" );
    select((select($stash->{tee}{$which}), $|=1)[0]); # autoflush
    # setup desired redirection for parent and child
    $stash->{new}{$which} = $stash->{tee}{$which};
    $stash->{child}{$which} = {
      stdin   => $stash->{reader}{$which},
      stdout  => $stash->{old}{$which},
      stderr  => $stash->{capture}{$which},
    };
    # flag file is used to signal the child is ready
    $stash->{flag_files}{$which} = scalar( tmpnam() ) . $$;
    # execute @cmd as a separate process
    if ( $IS_WIN32 ) {
      my $old_eval_err=$@;
      undef $@;
  
      eval "use Win32API::File qw/GetOsFHandle SetHandleInformation fileLastError HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE/ ";
      # _debug( "# Win32API::File loaded\n") unless $@;
      my $os_fhandle = GetOsFHandle( $stash->{tee}{$which} );
      # _debug( "# Couldn't get OS handle: " . fileLastError() . "\n") if ! defined $os_fhandle || $os_fhandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE();
      my $result = SetHandleInformation( $os_fhandle, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT(), 0);
      # _debug( $result ? "# set no-inherit flag on $which tee\n" : ("# can't disable tee handle flag inherit: " . fileLastError() . "\n"));
      _open_std( $stash->{child}{$which} );
      $stash->{pid}{$which} = system(1, @cmd, $stash->{flag_files}{$which});
      # not restoring std here as it all gets redirected again shortly anyway
      $@=$old_eval_err;
    }
    else { # use fork
      _fork_exec( $which, $stash );
    }
  }
  
  sub _fork_exec {
    my ($which, $stash) = @_; # $which is "stdout" or "stderr"
    my $pid = fork;
    if ( not defined $pid ) {
      Carp::confess "Couldn't fork(): $!";
    }
    elsif ($pid == 0) { # child
      # _debug( "# in child process ...\n" );
      untie *STDIN; untie *STDOUT; untie *STDERR;
      _close $stash->{tee}{$which};
      # _debug( "# redirecting handles in child ...\n" );
      _open_std( $stash->{child}{$which} );
      # _debug( "# calling exec on command ...\n" );
      exec @cmd, $stash->{flag_files}{$which};
    }
    $stash->{pid}{$which} = $pid
  }
  
  my $have_usleep = eval "use Time::HiRes 'usleep'; 1";
  sub _files_exist {
    return 1 if @_ == grep { -f } @_;
    Time::HiRes::usleep(1000) if $have_usleep;
    return 0;
  }
  
  sub _wait_for_tees {
    my ($stash) = @_;
    my $start = time;
    my @files = values %{$stash->{flag_files}};
    my $timeout = defined $ENV{PERL_CAPTURE_TINY_TIMEOUT}
                ? $ENV{PERL_CAPTURE_TINY_TIMEOUT} : $TIMEOUT;
    1 until _files_exist(@files) || ($timeout && (time - $start > $timeout));
    Carp::confess "Timed out waiting for subprocesses to start" if ! _files_exist(@files);
    unlink $_ for @files;
  }
  
  sub _kill_tees {
    my ($stash) = @_;
    if ( $IS_WIN32 ) {
      # _debug( "# closing handles\n");
      close($_) for values %{ $stash->{tee} };
      # _debug( "# waiting for subprocesses to finish\n");
      my $start = time;
      1 until wait == -1 || (time - $start > 30);
    }
    else {
      _close $_ for values %{ $stash->{tee} };
      waitpid $_, 0 for values %{ $stash->{pid} };
    }
  }
  
  sub _slurp {
    my ($name, $stash) = @_;
    my ($fh, $pos) = map { $stash->{$_}{$name} } qw/capture pos/;
    # _debug( "# slurping captured $name from " . fileno($fh) . " at pos $pos with layers: @{[PerlIO::get_layers($fh)]}\n");
    seek( $fh, $pos, 0 ) or die "Couldn't seek on capture handle for $name\n";
    my $text = do { local $/; scalar readline $fh };
    return defined($text) ? $text : "";
  }
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # _capture_tee() -- generic main sub for capturing or teeing
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  sub _capture_tee {
    # _debug( "# starting _capture_tee with (@_)...\n" );
    my ($do_stdout, $do_stderr, $do_merge, $do_tee, $code, @opts) = @_;
    my %do = ($do_stdout ? (stdout => 1) : (),  $do_stderr ? (stderr => 1) : ());
    Carp::confess("Custom capture options must be given as key/value pairs\n")
      unless @opts % 2 == 0;
    my $stash = { capture => { @opts } };
    for ( keys %{$stash->{capture}} ) {
      my $fh = $stash->{capture}{$_};
      Carp::confess "Custom handle for $_ must be seekable\n"
        unless ref($fh) eq 'GLOB' || (blessed($fh) && $fh->isa("IO::Seekable"));
    }
    # save existing filehandles and setup captures
    local *CT_ORIG_STDIN  = *STDIN ;
    local *CT_ORIG_STDOUT = *STDOUT;
    local *CT_ORIG_STDERR = *STDERR;
    # find initial layers
    my %layers = (
      stdin   => [PerlIO::get_layers(\*STDIN) ],
      stdout  => [PerlIO::get_layers(\*STDOUT, output => 1)],
      stderr  => [PerlIO::get_layers(\*STDERR, output => 1)],
    );
    # _debug( "# existing layers for $_\: @{$layers{$_}}\n" ) for qw/stdin stdout stderr/;
    # get layers from underlying glob of tied filehandles if we can
    # (this only works for things that work like Tie::StdHandle)
    $layers{stdout} = [PerlIO::get_layers(tied *STDOUT)]
      if tied(*STDOUT) && (reftype tied *STDOUT eq 'GLOB');
    $layers{stderr} = [PerlIO::get_layers(tied *STDERR)]
      if tied(*STDERR) && (reftype tied *STDERR eq 'GLOB');
    # _debug( "# tied object corrected layers for $_\: @{$layers{$_}}\n" ) for qw/stdin stdout stderr/;
    # bypass scalar filehandles and tied handles
    # localize scalar STDIN to get a proxy to pick up FD0, then restore later to CT_ORIG_STDIN
    my %localize;
    $localize{stdin}++,  local(*STDIN)
      if grep { $_ eq 'scalar' } @{$layers{stdin}};
    $localize{stdout}++, local(*STDOUT)
      if $do_stdout && grep { $_ eq 'scalar' } @{$layers{stdout}};
    $localize{stderr}++, local(*STDERR)
      if ($do_stderr || $do_merge) && grep { $_ eq 'scalar' } @{$layers{stderr}};
    $localize{stdin}++, local(*STDIN), _open( \*STDIN, "<&=0")
      if tied *STDIN && $] >= 5.008;
    $localize{stdout}++, local(*STDOUT), _open( \*STDOUT, ">&=1")
      if $do_stdout && tied *STDOUT && $] >= 5.008;
    $localize{stderr}++, local(*STDERR), _open( \*STDERR, ">&=2")
      if ($do_stderr || $do_merge) && tied *STDERR && $] >= 5.008;
    # _debug( "# localized $_\n" ) for keys %localize;
    # proxy any closed/localized handles so we don't use fds 0, 1 or 2
    my %proxy_std = _proxy_std();
    # _debug( "# proxy std: @{ [%proxy_std] }\n" );
    # update layers after any proxying
    $layers{stdout} = [PerlIO::get_layers(\*STDOUT, output => 1)] if $proxy_std{stdout};
    $layers{stderr} = [PerlIO::get_layers(\*STDERR, output => 1)] if $proxy_std{stderr};
    # _debug( "# post-proxy layers for $_\: @{$layers{$_}}\n" ) for qw/stdin stdout stderr/;
    # store old handles and setup handles for capture
    $stash->{old} = _copy_std();
    $stash->{new} = { %{$stash->{old}} }; # default to originals
    for ( keys %do ) {
      $stash->{new}{$_} = ($stash->{capture}{$_} ||= File::Temp->new);
      seek( $stash->{capture}{$_}, 0, 2 ) or die "Could not seek on capture handle for $_\n";
      $stash->{pos}{$_} = tell $stash->{capture}{$_};
      # _debug("# will capture $_ on " . fileno($stash->{capture}{$_})."\n" );
      _start_tee( $_ => $stash ) if $do_tee; # tees may change $stash->{new}
    }
    _wait_for_tees( $stash ) if $do_tee;
    # finalize redirection
    $stash->{new}{stderr} = $stash->{new}{stdout} if $do_merge;
    # _debug( "# redirecting in parent ...\n" );
    _open_std( $stash->{new} );
    # execute user provided code
    my ($exit_code, $inner_error, $outer_error, $orig_pid, @result);
    {
      $orig_pid = $$;
      local *STDIN = *CT_ORIG_STDIN if $localize{stdin}; # get original, not proxy STDIN
      # _debug( "# finalizing layers ...\n" );
      _relayer(\*STDOUT, $layers{stdout}) if $do_stdout;
      _relayer(\*STDERR, $layers{stderr}) if $do_stderr;
      # _debug( "# running code $code ...\n" );
      my $old_eval_err=$@;
      undef $@;
      eval { @result = $code->(); $inner_error = $@ };
      $exit_code = $?; # save this for later
      $outer_error = $@; # save this for later
      STDOUT->flush if $do_stdout;
      STDERR->flush if $do_stderr;
      $@ = $old_eval_err;
    }
    # restore prior filehandles and shut down tees
    # _debug( "# restoring filehandles ...\n" );
    _open_std( $stash->{old} );
    _close( $_ ) for values %{$stash->{old}}; # don't leak fds
    # shouldn't need relayering originals, but see rt.perl.org #114404
    _relayer(\*STDOUT, $layers{stdout}) if $do_stdout;
    _relayer(\*STDERR, $layers{stderr}) if $do_stderr;
    _unproxy( %proxy_std );
    # _debug( "# killing tee subprocesses ...\n" ) if $do_tee;
    _kill_tees( $stash ) if $do_tee;
    # return captured output, but shortcut in void context
    # unless we have to echo output to tied/scalar handles;
    my %got;
    if ( $orig_pid == $$ and ( defined wantarray or ($do_tee && keys %localize) ) ) {
      for ( keys %do ) {
        _relayer($stash->{capture}{$_}, $layers{$_});
        $got{$_} = _slurp($_, $stash);
        # _debug("# slurped " . length($got{$_}) . " bytes from $_\n");
      }
      print CT_ORIG_STDOUT $got{stdout}
        if $do_stdout && $do_tee && $localize{stdout};
      print CT_ORIG_STDERR $got{stderr}
        if $do_stderr && $do_tee && $localize{stderr};
    }
    $? = $exit_code;
    $@ = $inner_error if $inner_error;
    die $outer_error if $outer_error;
    # _debug( "# ending _capture_tee with (@_)...\n" );
    return unless defined wantarray;
    my @return;
    push @return, $got{stdout} if $do_stdout;
    push @return, $got{stderr} if $do_stderr && ! $do_merge;
    push @return, @result;
    return wantarray ? @return : $return[0];
  }
  
  1;
  
  __END__
  
  =pod
  
  =encoding UTF-8
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  Capture::Tiny - Capture STDOUT and STDERR from Perl, XS or external programs
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 0.48
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use Capture::Tiny ':all';
  
    # capture from external command
  
    ($stdout, $stderr, $exit) = capture {
      system( $cmd, @args );
    };
  
    # capture from arbitrary code (Perl or external)
  
    ($stdout, $stderr, @result) = capture {
      # your code here
    };
  
    # capture partial or merged output
  
    $stdout = capture_stdout { ... };
    $stderr = capture_stderr { ... };
    $merged = capture_merged { ... };
  
    # tee output
  
    ($stdout, $stderr) = tee {
      # your code here
    };
  
    $stdout = tee_stdout { ... };
    $stderr = tee_stderr { ... };
    $merged = tee_merged { ... };
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  Capture::Tiny provides a simple, portable way to capture almost anything sent
  to STDOUT or STDERR, regardless of whether it comes from Perl, from XS code or
  from an external program.  Optionally, output can be teed so that it is
  captured while being passed through to the original filehandles.  Yes, it even
  works on Windows (usually).  Stop guessing which of a dozen capturing modules
  to use in any particular situation and just use this one.
  
  =head1 USAGE
  
  The following functions are available.  None are exported by default.
  
  =head2 capture
  
    ($stdout, $stderr, @result) = capture \&code;
    $stdout = capture \&code;
  
  The C<capture> function takes a code reference and returns what is sent to
  STDOUT and STDERR as well as any return values from the code reference.  In
  scalar context, it returns only STDOUT.  If no output was received for a
  filehandle, it returns an empty string for that filehandle.  Regardless of calling
  context, all output is captured -- nothing is passed to the existing filehandles.
  
  It is prototyped to take a subroutine reference as an argument. Thus, it
  can be called in block form:
  
    ($stdout, $stderr) = capture {
      # your code here ...
    };
  
  Note that the coderef is evaluated in list context.  If you wish to force
  scalar context on the return value, you must use the C<scalar> keyword.
  
    ($stdout, $stderr, $count) = capture {
      my @list = qw/one two three/;
      return scalar @list; # $count will be 3
    };
  
  Also note that within the coderef, the C<@_> variable will be empty.  So don't
  use arguments from a surrounding subroutine without copying them to an array
  first:
  
    sub wont_work {
      my ($stdout, $stderr) = capture { do_stuff( @_ ) };    # WRONG
      ...
    }
  
    sub will_work {
      my @args = @_;
      my ($stdout, $stderr) = capture { do_stuff( @args ) }; # RIGHT
      ...
    }
  
  Captures are normally done to an anonymous temporary filehandle.  To
  capture via a named file (e.g. to externally monitor a long-running capture),
  provide custom filehandles as a trailing list of option pairs:
  
    my $out_fh = IO::File->new("out.txt", "w+");
    my $err_fh = IO::File->new("out.txt", "w+");
    capture { ... } stdout => $out_fh, stderr => $err_fh;
  
  The filehandles must be read/write and seekable.  Modifying the files or
  filehandles during a capture operation will give unpredictable results.
  Existing IO layers on them may be changed by the capture.
  
  When called in void context, C<capture> saves memory and time by
  not reading back from the capture handles.
  
  =head2 capture_stdout
  
    ($stdout, @result) = capture_stdout \&code;
    $stdout = capture_stdout \&code;
  
  The C<capture_stdout> function works just like C<capture> except only
  STDOUT is captured.  STDERR is not captured.
  
  =head2 capture_stderr
  
    ($stderr, @result) = capture_stderr \&code;
    $stderr = capture_stderr \&code;
  
  The C<capture_stderr> function works just like C<capture> except only
  STDERR is captured.  STDOUT is not captured.
  
  =head2 capture_merged
  
    ($merged, @result) = capture_merged \&code;
    $merged = capture_merged \&code;
  
  The C<capture_merged> function works just like C<capture> except STDOUT and
  STDERR are merged. (Technically, STDERR is redirected to the same capturing
  handle as STDOUT before executing the function.)
  
  Caution: STDOUT and STDERR output in the merged result are not guaranteed to be
  properly ordered due to buffering.
  
  =head2 tee
  
    ($stdout, $stderr, @result) = tee \&code;
    $stdout = tee \&code;
  
  The C<tee> function works just like C<capture>, except that output is captured
  as well as passed on to the original STDOUT and STDERR.
  
  When called in void context, C<tee> saves memory and time by
  not reading back from the capture handles, except when the
  original STDOUT OR STDERR were tied or opened to a scalar
  handle.
  
  =head2 tee_stdout
  
    ($stdout, @result) = tee_stdout \&code;
    $stdout = tee_stdout \&code;
  
  The C<tee_stdout> function works just like C<tee> except only
  STDOUT is teed.  STDERR is not teed (output goes to STDERR as usual).
  
  =head2 tee_stderr
  
    ($stderr, @result) = tee_stderr \&code;
    $stderr = tee_stderr \&code;
  
  The C<tee_stderr> function works just like C<tee> except only
  STDERR is teed.  STDOUT is not teed (output goes to STDOUT as usual).
  
  =head2 tee_merged
  
    ($merged, @result) = tee_merged \&code;
    $merged = tee_merged \&code;
  
  The C<tee_merged> function works just like C<capture_merged> except that output
  is captured as well as passed on to STDOUT.
  
  Caution: STDOUT and STDERR output in the merged result are not guaranteed to be
  properly ordered due to buffering.
  
  =head1 LIMITATIONS
  
  =head2 Portability
  
  Portability is a goal, not a guarantee.  C<tee> requires fork, except on
  Windows where C<system(1, @cmd)> is used instead.  Not tested on any
  particularly esoteric platforms yet.  See the
  L<CPAN Testers Matrix|http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=Capture-Tiny>
  for test result by platform.
  
  =head2 PerlIO layers
  
  Capture::Tiny does its best to preserve PerlIO layers such as ':utf8' or
  ':crlf' when capturing (only for Perl 5.8.1+) .  Layers should be applied to
  STDOUT or STDERR I<before> the call to C<capture> or C<tee>.  This may not work
  for tied filehandles (see below).
  
  =head2 Modifying filehandles before capturing
  
  Generally speaking, you should do little or no manipulation of the standard IO
  filehandles prior to using Capture::Tiny.  In particular, closing, reopening,
  localizing or tying standard filehandles prior to capture may cause a variety of
  unexpected, undesirable and/or unreliable behaviors, as described below.
  Capture::Tiny does its best to compensate for these situations, but the
  results may not be what you desire.
  
  =head3 Closed filehandles
  
  Capture::Tiny will work even if STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR have been previously
  closed.  However, since they will be reopened to capture or tee output, any
  code within the captured block that depends on finding them closed will, of
  course, not find them to be closed.  If they started closed, Capture::Tiny will
  close them again when the capture block finishes.
  
  Note that this reopening will happen even for STDIN or a filehandle not being
  captured to ensure that the filehandle used for capture is not opened to file
  descriptor 0, as this causes problems on various platforms.
  
  Prior to Perl 5.12, closed STDIN combined with PERL_UNICODE=D leaks filehandles
  and also breaks tee() for undiagnosed reasons.  So don't do that.
  
  =head3 Localized filehandles
  
  If code localizes any of Perl's standard filehandles before capturing, the capture
  will affect the localized filehandles and not the original ones.  External system
  calls are not affected by localizing a filehandle in Perl and will continue
  to send output to the original filehandles (which will thus not be captured).
  
  =head3 Scalar filehandles
  
  If STDOUT or STDERR are reopened to scalar filehandles prior to the call to
  C<capture> or C<tee>, then Capture::Tiny will override the output filehandle for
  the duration of the C<capture> or C<tee> call and then, for C<tee>, send captured
  output to the output filehandle after the capture is complete.  (Requires Perl
  5.8)
  
  Capture::Tiny attempts to preserve the semantics of STDIN opened to a scalar
  reference, but note that external processes will not be able to read from such
  a handle.  Capture::Tiny tries to ensure that external processes will read from
  the null device instead, but this is not guaranteed.
  
  =head3 Tied output filehandles
  
  If STDOUT or STDERR are tied prior to the call to C<capture> or C<tee>, then
  Capture::Tiny will attempt to override the tie for the duration of the
  C<capture> or C<tee> call and then send captured output to the tied filehandle after
  the capture is complete.  (Requires Perl 5.8)
  
  Capture::Tiny may not succeed resending UTF-8 encoded data to a tied
  STDOUT or STDERR filehandle.  Characters may appear as bytes.  If the tied filehandle
  is based on L<Tie::StdHandle>, then Capture::Tiny will attempt to determine
  appropriate layers like C<:utf8> from the underlying filehandle and do the right
  thing.
  
  =head3 Tied input filehandle
  
  Capture::Tiny attempts to preserve the semantics of tied STDIN, but this
  requires Perl 5.8 and is not entirely predictable.  External processes
  will not be able to read from such a handle.
  
  Unless having STDIN tied is crucial, it may be safest to localize STDIN when
  capturing:
  
    my ($out, $err) = do { local *STDIN; capture { ... } };
  
  =head2 Modifying filehandles during a capture
  
  Attempting to modify STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR I<during> C<capture> or C<tee> is
  almost certainly going to cause problems.  Don't do that.
  
  =head3 Forking inside a capture
  
  Forks aren't portable.  The behavior of filehandles during a fork is even
  less so.  If Capture::Tiny detects that a fork has occurred within a
  capture, it will shortcut in the child process and return empty strings for
  captures.  Other problems may occur in the child or parent, as well.
  Forking in a capture block is not recommended.
  
  =head3 Using threads
  
  Filehandles are global.  Mixing up I/O and captures in different threads
  without coordination is going to cause problems.  Besides, threads are
  officially discouraged.
  
  =head3 Dropping privileges during a capture
  
  If you drop privileges during a capture, temporary files created to
  facilitate the capture may not be cleaned up afterwards.
  
  =head2 No support for Perl 5.8.0
  
  It's just too buggy when it comes to layers and UTF-8.  Perl 5.8.1 or later
  is recommended.
  
  =head2 Limited support for Perl 5.6
  
  Perl 5.6 predates PerlIO.  UTF-8 data may not be captured correctly.
  
  =head1 ENVIRONMENT
  
  =head2 PERL_CAPTURE_TINY_TIMEOUT
  
  Capture::Tiny uses subprocesses internally for C<tee>.  By default,
  Capture::Tiny will timeout with an error if such subprocesses are not ready to
  receive data within 30 seconds (or whatever is the value of
  C<$Capture::Tiny::TIMEOUT>).  An alternate timeout may be specified by setting
  the C<PERL_CAPTURE_TINY_TIMEOUT> environment variable.  Setting it to zero will
  disable timeouts.  B<NOTE>, this does not timeout the code reference being
  captured -- this only prevents Capture::Tiny itself from hanging your process
  waiting for its child processes to be ready to proceed.
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  This module was inspired by L<IO::CaptureOutput>, which provides
  similar functionality without the ability to tee output and with more
  complicated code and API.  L<IO::CaptureOutput> does not handle layers
  or most of the unusual cases described in the L</Limitations> section and
  I no longer recommend it.
  
  There are many other CPAN modules that provide some sort of output capture,
  albeit with various limitations that make them appropriate only in particular
  circumstances.  I'm probably missing some.  The long list is provided to show
  why I felt Capture::Tiny was necessary.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  L<IO::Capture>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IO::Capture::Extended>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IO::CaptureOutput>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Capture>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Cmd>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Open2>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Open3>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Open3::Simple>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Open3::Utils>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Run>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Run::SafeHandles>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Run::Simple>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::Run3>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IPC::System::Simple>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Tee>
  
  =item *
  
  L<IO::Tee>
  
  =item *
  
  L<File::Tee>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Filter::Handle>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Tie::STDERR>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Tie::STDOUT>
  
  =item *
  
  L<Test::Output>
  
  =back
  
  =for :stopwords cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee diff irc mailto metadata placeholders metacpan
  
  =head1 SUPPORT
  
  =head2 Bugs / Feature Requests
  
  Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker
  at L<https://github.com/dagolden/Capture-Tiny/issues>.
  You will be notified automatically of any progress on your issue.
  
  =head2 Source Code
  
  This is open source software.  The code repository is available for
  public review and contribution under the terms of the license.
  
  L<https://github.com/dagolden/Capture-Tiny>
  
    git clone https://github.com/dagolden/Capture-Tiny.git
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>
  
  =head1 CONTRIBUTORS
  
  =for stopwords Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker David E. Wheeler fecundf Graham Knop Peter Rabbitson
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
  
  =item *
  
  David E. Wheeler <david@justatheory.com>
  
  =item *
  
  fecundf <not.com+github@gmail.com>
  
  =item *
  
  Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>
  
  =item *
  
  Peter Rabbitson <ribasushi@cpan.org>
  
  =back
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is Copyright (c) 2009 by David Golden.
  
  This is free software, licensed under:
  
    The Apache License, Version 2.0, January 2004
  
  =cut
CAPTURE_TINY

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Command.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_COMMAND';
  package ExtUtils::Command;
  
  use 5.00503;
  use strict;
  require Exporter;
  use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION);
  @ISA       = qw(Exporter);
  @EXPORT    = qw(cp rm_f rm_rf mv cat eqtime mkpath touch test_f test_d chmod
                  dos2unix);
  $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  my $Is_VMS   = $^O eq 'VMS';
  my $Is_VMS_mode = $Is_VMS;
  my $Is_VMS_noefs = $Is_VMS;
  my $Is_Win32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
  
  if( $Is_VMS ) {
      my $vms_unix_rpt;
      my $vms_efs;
      my $vms_case;
  
      if (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__};
                 local @INC = @INC;
                 pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.';
                 require VMS::Feature; }) {
          $vms_unix_rpt = VMS::Feature::current("filename_unix_report");
          $vms_efs = VMS::Feature::current("efs_charset");
          $vms_case = VMS::Feature::current("efs_case_preserve");
      } else {
          my $unix_rpt = $ENV{'DECC$FILENAME_UNIX_REPORT'} || '';
          my $efs_charset = $ENV{'DECC$EFS_CHARSET'} || '';
          my $efs_case = $ENV{'DECC$EFS_CASE_PRESERVE'} || '';
          $vms_unix_rpt = $unix_rpt =~ /^[ET1]/i;
          $vms_efs = $efs_charset =~ /^[ET1]/i;
          $vms_case = $efs_case =~ /^[ET1]/i;
      }
      $Is_VMS_mode = 0 if $vms_unix_rpt;
      $Is_VMS_noefs = 0 if ($vms_efs);
  }
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e cat files... > destination
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e mv source... destination
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e cp source... destination
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e touch files...
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e rm_f files...
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e rm_rf directories...
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e mkpath directories...
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e eqtime source destination
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e test_f file
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e test_d directory
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e chmod mode files...
    ...
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  The module is used to replace common UNIX commands.  In all cases the
  functions work from @ARGV rather than taking arguments.  This makes
  them easier to deal with in Makefiles.  Call them like this:
  
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e some_command some files to work on
  
  and I<NOT> like this:
  
    perl -MExtUtils::Command -e 'some_command qw(some files to work on)'
  
  For that use L<Shell::Command>.
  
  Filenames with * and ? will be glob expanded.
  
  
  =head2 FUNCTIONS
  
  =over 4
  
  =cut
  
  # VMS uses % instead of ? to mean "one character"
  my $wild_regex = $Is_VMS ? '*%' : '*?';
  sub expand_wildcards
  {
   @ARGV = map(/[$wild_regex]/o ? glob($_) : $_,@ARGV);
  }
  
  
  =item cat
  
      cat file ...
  
  Concatenates all files mentioned on command line to STDOUT.
  
  =cut
  
  sub cat ()
  {
   expand_wildcards();
   print while (<>);
  }
  
  =item eqtime
  
      eqtime source destination
  
  Sets modified time of destination to that of source.
  
  =cut
  
  sub eqtime
  {
   my ($src,$dst) = @ARGV;
   local @ARGV = ($dst);  touch();  # in case $dst doesn't exist
   utime((stat($src))[8,9],$dst);
  }
  
  =item rm_rf
  
      rm_rf files or directories ...
  
  Removes files and directories - recursively (even if readonly)
  
  =cut
  
  sub rm_rf
  {
   expand_wildcards();
   require File::Path;
   File::Path::rmtree([grep -e $_,@ARGV],0,0);
  }
  
  =item rm_f
  
      rm_f file ...
  
  Removes files (even if readonly)
  
  =cut
  
  sub rm_f {
      expand_wildcards();
  
      foreach my $file (@ARGV) {
          next unless -f $file;
  
          next if _unlink($file);
  
          chmod(0777, $file);
  
          next if _unlink($file);
  
          require Carp;
          Carp::carp("Cannot delete $file: $!");
      }
  }
  
  sub _unlink {
      my $files_unlinked = 0;
      foreach my $file (@_) {
          my $delete_count = 0;
          $delete_count++ while unlink $file;
          $files_unlinked++ if $delete_count;
      }
      return $files_unlinked;
  }
  
  
  =item touch
  
      touch file ...
  
  Makes files exist, with current timestamp
  
  =cut
  
  sub touch {
      my $t    = time;
      expand_wildcards();
      foreach my $file (@ARGV) {
          open(FILE,">>$file") || die "Cannot write $file:$!";
          close(FILE);
          utime($t,$t,$file);
      }
  }
  
  =item mv
  
      mv source_file destination_file
      mv source_file source_file destination_dir
  
  Moves source to destination.  Multiple sources are allowed if
  destination is an existing directory.
  
  Returns true if all moves succeeded, false otherwise.
  
  =cut
  
  sub mv {
      expand_wildcards();
      my @src = @ARGV;
      my $dst = pop @src;
  
      if (@src > 1 && ! -d $dst) {
          require Carp;
          Carp::croak("Too many arguments");
      }
  
      require File::Copy;
      my $nok = 0;
      foreach my $src (@src) {
          $nok ||= !File::Copy::move($src,$dst);
      }
      return !$nok;
  }
  
  =item cp
  
      cp source_file destination_file
      cp source_file source_file destination_dir
  
  Copies sources to the destination.  Multiple sources are allowed if
  destination is an existing directory.
  
  Returns true if all copies succeeded, false otherwise.
  
  =cut
  
  sub cp {
      expand_wildcards();
      my @src = @ARGV;
      my $dst = pop @src;
  
      if (@src > 1 && ! -d $dst) {
          require Carp;
          Carp::croak("Too many arguments");
      }
  
      require File::Copy;
      my $nok = 0;
      foreach my $src (@src) {
          $nok ||= !File::Copy::copy($src,$dst);
  
          # Win32 does not update the mod time of a copied file, just the
          # created time which make does not look at.
          utime(time, time, $dst) if $Is_Win32;
      }
      return $nok;
  }
  
  =item chmod
  
      chmod mode files ...
  
  Sets UNIX like permissions 'mode' on all the files.  e.g. 0666
  
  =cut
  
  sub chmod {
      local @ARGV = @ARGV;
      my $mode = shift(@ARGV);
      expand_wildcards();
  
      if( $Is_VMS_mode && $Is_VMS_noefs) {
          require File::Spec;
          foreach my $idx (0..$#ARGV) {
              my $path = $ARGV[$idx];
              next unless -d $path;
  
              # chmod 0777, [.foo.bar] doesn't work on VMS, you have to do
              # chmod 0777, [.foo]bar.dir
              my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir( $path );
              $dirs[-1] .= '.dir';
              $path = File::Spec->catfile(@dirs);
  
              $ARGV[$idx] = $path;
          }
      }
  
      chmod(oct $mode,@ARGV) || die "Cannot chmod ".join(' ',$mode,@ARGV).":$!";
  }
  
  =item mkpath
  
      mkpath directory ...
  
  Creates directories, including any parent directories.
  
  =cut
  
  sub mkpath
  {
   expand_wildcards();
   require File::Path;
   File::Path::mkpath([@ARGV],0,0777);
  }
  
  =item test_f
  
      test_f file
  
  Tests if a file exists.  I<Exits> with 0 if it does, 1 if it does not (ie.
  shell's idea of true and false).
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_f
  {
   exit(-f $ARGV[0] ? 0 : 1);
  }
  
  =item test_d
  
      test_d directory
  
  Tests if a directory exists.  I<Exits> with 0 if it does, 1 if it does
  not (ie. shell's idea of true and false).
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_d
  {
   exit(-d $ARGV[0] ? 0 : 1);
  }
  
  =item dos2unix
  
      dos2unix files or dirs ...
  
  Converts DOS and OS/2 linefeeds to Unix style recursively.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dos2unix {
      require File::Find;
      File::Find::find(sub {
          return if -d;
          return unless -w _;
          return unless -r _;
          return if -B _;
  
          local $\;
  
  	my $orig = $_;
  	my $temp = '.dos2unix_tmp';
  	open ORIG, $_ or do { warn "dos2unix can't open $_: $!"; return };
  	open TEMP, ">$temp" or
  	    do { warn "dos2unix can't create .dos2unix_tmp: $!"; return };
          binmode ORIG; binmode TEMP;
          while (my $line = <ORIG>) {
              $line =~ s/\015\012/\012/g;
              print TEMP $line;
          }
  	close ORIG;
  	close TEMP;
  	rename $temp, $orig;
  
      }, @ARGV);
  }
  
  =back
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  Shell::Command which is these same functions but take arguments normally.
  
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Nick Ing-Simmons C<ni-s@cpan.org>
  
  Maintained by Michael G Schwern C<schwern@pobox.com> within the
  ExtUtils-MakeMaker package and, as a separate CPAN package, by
  Randy Kobes C<r.kobes@uwinnipeg.ca>.
  
  =cut
  
EXTUTILS_COMMAND

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Command/MM.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_COMMAND_MM';
  package ExtUtils::Command::MM;
  
  require 5.006;
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  require Exporter;
  our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
  
  our @EXPORT  = qw(test_harness pod2man perllocal_install uninstall
                    warn_if_old_packlist test_s cp_nonempty);
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
  
  sub mtime {
    no warnings 'redefine';
    local $@;
    *mtime = (eval { require Time::HiRes } && defined &Time::HiRes::stat)
      ? sub { (Time::HiRes::stat($_[0]))[9] }
      : sub { (             stat($_[0]))[9] }
    ;
    goto &mtime;
  }
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e "function" "--" arguments...
  
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  B<FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!>  The interface is not stable.
  
  ExtUtils::Command::MM encapsulates code which would otherwise have to
  be done with large "one" liners.
  
  Any $(FOO) used in the examples are make variables, not Perl.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item B<test_harness>
  
    test_harness($verbose, @test_libs);
  
  Runs the tests on @ARGV via Test::Harness passing through the $verbose
  flag.  Any @test_libs will be unshifted onto the test's @INC.
  
  @test_libs are run in alphabetical order.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_harness {
      require Test::Harness;
      require File::Spec;
  
      $Test::Harness::verbose = shift;
  
      # Because Windows doesn't do this for us and listing all the *.t files
      # out on the command line can blow over its exec limit.
      require ExtUtils::Command;
      my @argv = ExtUtils::Command::expand_wildcards(@ARGV);
  
      local @INC = @INC;
      unshift @INC, map { File::Spec->rel2abs($_) } @_;
      Test::Harness::runtests(sort { lc $a cmp lc $b } @argv);
  }
  
  
  
  =item B<pod2man>
  
    pod2man( '--option=value',
             $podfile1 => $manpage1,
             $podfile2 => $manpage2,
             ...
           );
  
    # or args on @ARGV
  
  pod2man() is a function performing most of the duties of the pod2man
  program.  Its arguments are exactly the same as pod2man as of 5.8.0
  with the addition of:
  
      --perm_rw   octal permission to set the resulting manpage to
  
  And the removal of:
  
      --verbose/-v
      --help/-h
  
  If no arguments are given to pod2man it will read from @ARGV.
  
  If Pod::Man is unavailable, this function will warn and return undef.
  
  =cut
  
  sub pod2man {
      local @ARGV = @_ ? @_ : @ARGV;
  
      {
          local $@;
          if( !eval { require Pod::Man } ) {
              warn "Pod::Man is not available: $@".
                   "Man pages will not be generated during this install.\n";
              return 0;
          }
      }
      require Getopt::Long;
  
      # We will cheat and just use Getopt::Long.  We fool it by putting
      # our arguments into @ARGV.  Should be safe.
      my %options = ();
      Getopt::Long::config ('bundling_override');
      Getopt::Long::GetOptions (\%options,
                  'section|s=s', 'release|r=s', 'center|c=s',
                  'date|d=s', 'fixed=s', 'fixedbold=s', 'fixeditalic=s',
                  'fixedbolditalic=s', 'official|o', 'quotes|q=s', 'lax|l',
                  'name|n=s', 'perm_rw=i', 'utf8|u'
      );
      delete $options{utf8} unless $Pod::Man::VERSION >= 2.17;
  
      # If there's no files, don't bother going further.
      return 0 unless @ARGV;
  
      # Official sets --center, but don't override things explicitly set.
      if ($options{official} && !defined $options{center}) {
          $options{center} = q[Perl Programmer's Reference Guide];
      }
  
      # This isn't a valid Pod::Man option and is only accepted for backwards
      # compatibility.
      delete $options{lax};
      my $count = scalar @ARGV / 2;
      my $plural = $count == 1 ? 'document' : 'documents';
      print "Manifying $count pod $plural\n";
  
      do {{  # so 'next' works
          my ($pod, $man) = splice(@ARGV, 0, 2);
  
          next if ((-e $man) &&
                   (mtime($man) > mtime($pod)) &&
                   (mtime($man) > mtime("Makefile")));
  
          my $parser = Pod::Man->new(%options);
          $parser->parse_from_file($pod, $man)
            or do { warn("Could not install $man\n");  next };
  
          if (exists $options{perm_rw}) {
              chmod(oct($options{perm_rw}), $man)
                or do { warn("chmod $options{perm_rw} $man: $!\n"); next };
          }
      }} while @ARGV;
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =item B<warn_if_old_packlist>
  
    perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e warn_if_old_packlist <somefile>
  
  Displays a warning that an old packlist file was found.  Reads the
  filename from @ARGV.
  
  =cut
  
  sub warn_if_old_packlist {
      my $packlist = $ARGV[0];
  
      return unless -f $packlist;
      print <<"PACKLIST_WARNING";
  WARNING: I have found an old package in
      $packlist.
  Please make sure the two installations are not conflicting
  PACKLIST_WARNING
  
  }
  
  
  =item B<perllocal_install>
  
      perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e perllocal_install
          <type> <module name> <key> <value> ...
  
      # VMS only, key|value pairs come on STDIN
      perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e perllocal_install
          <type> <module name> < <key>|<value> ...
  
  Prints a fragment of POD suitable for appending to perllocal.pod.
  Arguments are read from @ARGV.
  
  'type' is the type of what you're installing.  Usually 'Module'.
  
  'module name' is simply the name of your module.  (Foo::Bar)
  
  Key/value pairs are extra information about the module.  Fields include:
  
      installed into      which directory your module was out into
      LINKTYPE            dynamic or static linking
      VERSION             module version number
      EXE_FILES           any executables installed in a space separated
                          list
  
  =cut
  
  sub perllocal_install {
      my($type, $name) = splice(@ARGV, 0, 2);
  
      # VMS feeds args as a piped file on STDIN since it usually can't
      # fit all the args on a single command line.
      my @mod_info = $Is_VMS ? split /\|/, <STDIN>
                             : @ARGV;
  
      my $pod;
      my $time = gmtime($ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} || time);
      $pod = sprintf <<'POD', scalar($time), $type, $name, $name;
   =head2 %s: C<%s> L<%s|%s>
  
   =over 4
  
  POD
  
      do {
          my($key, $val) = splice(@mod_info, 0, 2);
  
          $pod .= <<POD
   =item *
  
   C<$key: $val>
  
  POD
  
      } while(@mod_info);
  
      $pod .= "=back\n\n";
      $pod =~ s/^ //mg;
      print $pod;
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  =item B<uninstall>
  
      perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e uninstall <packlist>
  
  A wrapper around ExtUtils::Install::uninstall().  Warns that
  uninstallation is deprecated and doesn't actually perform the
  uninstallation.
  
  =cut
  
  sub uninstall {
      my($packlist) = shift @ARGV;
  
      require ExtUtils::Install;
  
      print <<'WARNING';
  
  Uninstall is unsafe and deprecated, the uninstallation was not performed.
  We will show what would have been done.
  
  WARNING
  
      ExtUtils::Install::uninstall($packlist, 1, 1);
  
      print <<'WARNING';
  
  Uninstall is unsafe and deprecated, the uninstallation was not performed.
  Please check the list above carefully, there may be errors.
  Remove the appropriate files manually.
  Sorry for the inconvenience.
  
  WARNING
  
  }
  
  =item B<test_s>
  
     perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e test_s <file>
  
  Tests if a file exists and is not empty (size > 0).
  I<Exits> with 0 if it does, 1 if it does not.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_s {
    exit(-s $ARGV[0] ? 0 : 1);
  }
  
  =item B<cp_nonempty>
  
    perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e cp_nonempty <srcfile> <dstfile> <perm>
  
  Tests if the source file exists and is not empty (size > 0). If it is not empty
  it copies it to the given destination with the given permissions.
  
  =back
  
  =cut
  
  sub cp_nonempty {
    my @args = @ARGV;
    return 0 unless -s $args[0];
    require ExtUtils::Command;
    {
      local @ARGV = @args[0,1];
      ExtUtils::Command::cp(@ARGV);
    }
    {
      local @ARGV = @args[2,1];
      ExtUtils::Command::chmod(@ARGV);
    }
  }
  
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_COMMAND_MM

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Install.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_INSTALL';
  package ExtUtils::Install;
  use strict;
  
  use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT $VERSION $MUST_REBOOT %Config);
  
  use AutoSplit;
  use Carp ();
  use Config qw(%Config);
  use Cwd qw(cwd);
  use Exporter;
  use ExtUtils::Packlist;
  use File::Basename qw(dirname);
  use File::Compare qw(compare);
  use File::Copy;
  use File::Find qw(find);
  use File::Path;
  use File::Spec;
  
  
  @ISA = ('Exporter');
  @EXPORT = ('install','uninstall','pm_to_blib', 'install_default');
  
  =pod
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use ExtUtils::Install;
  
    install({ 'blib/lib' => 'some/install/dir' } );
  
    uninstall($packlist);
  
    pm_to_blib({ 'lib/Foo/Bar.pm' => 'blib/lib/Foo/Bar.pm' });
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  2.06
  
  =cut
  
  $VERSION = '2.06';  # <-- do not forget to update the POD section just above this line!
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  =pod
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  Handles the installing and uninstalling of perl modules, scripts, man
  pages, etc...
  
  Both install() and uninstall() are specific to the way
  ExtUtils::MakeMaker handles the installation and deinstallation of
  perl modules. They are not designed as general purpose tools.
  
  On some operating systems such as Win32 installation may not be possible
  until after a reboot has occurred. This can have varying consequences:
  removing an old DLL does not impact programs using the new one, but if
  a new DLL cannot be installed properly until reboot then anything
  depending on it must wait. The package variable
  
    $ExtUtils::Install::MUST_REBOOT
  
  is used to store this status.
  
  If this variable is true then such an operation has occurred and
  anything depending on this module cannot proceed until a reboot
  has occurred.
  
  If this value is defined but false then such an operation has
  ocurred, but should not impact later operations.
  
  =over
  
  =begin _private
  
  =item _chmod($$;$)
  
  Wrapper to chmod() for debugging and error trapping.
  
  =item _warnonce(@)
  
  Warns about something only once.
  
  =item _choke(@)
  
  Dies with a special message.
  
  =back
  
  =end _private
  
  =cut
  
  my $Is_VMS     = $^O eq 'VMS';
  my $Is_MacPerl = $^O eq 'MacOS';
  my $Is_Win32   = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
  my $Is_cygwin  = $^O eq 'cygwin';
  my $CanMoveAtBoot = ($Is_Win32 || $Is_cygwin);
  
  
  my $Inc_uninstall_warn_handler;
  
  # install relative to here
  
  my $INSTALL_ROOT = $ENV{PERL_INSTALL_ROOT};
  my $INSTALL_QUIET = $ENV{PERL_INSTALL_QUIET};
  
  my $Curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
  my $Updir  = File::Spec->updir;
  
  sub _estr(@) {
      return join "\n",'!' x 72,@_,'!' x 72,'';
  }
  
  {my %warned;
  sub _warnonce(@) {
      my $first=shift;
      my $msg=_estr "WARNING: $first",@_;
      warn $msg unless $warned{$msg}++;
  }}
  
  sub _choke(@) {
      my $first=shift;
      my $msg=_estr "ERROR: $first",@_;
      Carp::croak($msg);
  }
  
  
  sub _chmod($$;$) {
      my ( $mode, $item, $verbose )=@_;
      $verbose ||= 0;
      if (chmod $mode, $item) {
          printf "chmod(0%o, %s)\n",$mode, $item if $verbose > 1;
      } else {
          my $err="$!";
          _warnonce sprintf "WARNING: Failed chmod(0%o, %s): %s\n",
                    $mode, $item, $err
              if -e $item;
      }
  }
  
  =begin _private
  
  =over
  
  =item _move_file_at_boot( $file, $target, $moan  )
  
  OS-Specific, Win32/Cygwin
  
  Schedules a file to be moved/renamed/deleted at next boot.
  $file should be a filespec of an existing file
  $target should be a ref to an array if the file is to be deleted
  otherwise it should be a filespec for a rename. If the file is existing
  it will be replaced.
  
  Sets $MUST_REBOOT to 0 to indicate a deletion operation has occurred
  and sets it to 1 to indicate that a move operation has been requested.
  
  returns 1 on success, on failure if $moan is false errors are fatal.
  If $moan is true then returns 0 on error and warns instead of dies.
  
  =end _private
  
  =cut
  
  {
      my $Has_Win32API_File;
      sub _move_file_at_boot { #XXX OS-SPECIFIC
          my ( $file, $target, $moan  )= @_;
          Carp::confess("Panic: Can't _move_file_at_boot on this platform!")
               unless $CanMoveAtBoot;
  
          my $descr= ref $target
                      ? "'$file' for deletion"
                      : "'$file' for installation as '$target'";
  
          # *note* CanMoveAtBoot is only incidentally the same condition as below
          # this needs not hold true in the future.
          $Has_Win32API_File = ($Is_Win32 || $Is_cygwin)
              ? (eval {require Win32API::File; 1} || 0)
              : 0 unless defined $Has_Win32API_File;
          if ( ! $Has_Win32API_File ) {
  
              my @msg=(
                  "Cannot schedule $descr at reboot.",
                  "Try installing Win32API::File to allow operations on locked files",
                  "to be scheduled during reboot. Or try to perform the operation by",
                  "hand yourself. (You may need to close other perl processes first)"
              );
              if ( $moan ) { _warnonce(@msg) } else { _choke(@msg) }
              return 0;
          }
          my $opts= Win32API::File::MOVEFILE_DELAY_UNTIL_REBOOT();
          $opts= $opts | Win32API::File::MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING()
              unless ref $target;
  
          _chmod( 0666, $file );
          _chmod( 0666, $target ) unless ref $target;
  
          if (Win32API::File::MoveFileEx( $file, $target, $opts )) {
              $MUST_REBOOT ||= ref $target ? 0 : 1;
              return 1;
          } else {
              my @msg=(
                  "MoveFileEx $descr at reboot failed: $^E",
                  "You may try to perform the operation by hand yourself. ",
                  "(You may need to close other perl processes first).",
              );
              if ( $moan ) { _warnonce(@msg) } else { _choke(@msg) }
          }
          return 0;
      }
  }
  
  
  =begin _private
  
  
  =item _unlink_or_rename( $file, $tryhard, $installing )
  
  OS-Specific, Win32/Cygwin
  
  Tries to get a file out of the way by unlinking it or renaming it. On
  some OS'es (Win32 based) DLL files can end up locked such that they can
  be renamed but not deleted. Likewise sometimes a file can be locked such
  that it cant even be renamed or changed except at reboot. To handle
  these cases this routine finds a tempfile name that it can either rename
  the file out of the way or use as a proxy for the install so that the
  rename can happen later (at reboot).
  
    $file : the file to remove.
    $tryhard : should advanced tricks be used for deletion
    $installing : we are not merely deleting but we want to overwrite
  
  When $tryhard is not true if the unlink fails its fatal. When $tryhard
  is true then the file is attempted to be renamed. The renamed file is
  then scheduled for deletion. If the rename fails then $installing
  governs what happens. If it is false the failure is fatal. If it is true
  then an attempt is made to schedule installation at boot using a
  temporary file to hold the new file. If this fails then a fatal error is
  thrown, if it succeeds it returns the temporary file name (which will be
  a derivative of the original in the same directory) so that the caller can
  use it to install under. In all other cases of success returns $file.
  On failure throws a fatal error.
  
  =end _private
  
  =cut
  
  
  
  sub _unlink_or_rename { #XXX OS-SPECIFIC
      my ( $file, $tryhard, $installing )= @_;
  
      # this chmod was originally unconditional. However, its not needed on
      # POSIXy systems since permission to unlink a file is specified by the
      # directory rather than the file; and in fact it screwed up hard- and
      # symlinked files. Keep it for other platforms in case its still
      # needed there.
      if ($^O =~ /^(dos|os2|MSWin32|VMS)$/) {
          _chmod( 0666, $file );
      }
      my $unlink_count = 0;
      while (unlink $file) { $unlink_count++; }
      return $file if $unlink_count > 0;
      my $error="$!";
  
      _choke("Cannot unlink '$file': $!")
            unless $CanMoveAtBoot && $tryhard;
  
      my $tmp= "AAA";
      ++$tmp while -e "$file.$tmp";
      $tmp= "$file.$tmp";
  
      warn "WARNING: Unable to unlink '$file': $error\n",
           "Going to try to rename it to '$tmp'.\n";
  
      if ( rename $file, $tmp ) {
          warn "Rename successful. Scheduling '$tmp'\nfor deletion at reboot.\n";
          # when $installing we can set $moan to true.
          # IOW, if we cant delete the renamed file at reboot its
          # not the end of the world. The other cases are more serious
          # and need to be fatal.
          _move_file_at_boot( $tmp, [], $installing );
          return $file;
      } elsif ( $installing ) {
          _warnonce("Rename failed: $!. Scheduling '$tmp'\nfor".
               " installation as '$file' at reboot.\n");
          _move_file_at_boot( $tmp, $file );
          return $tmp;
      } else {
          _choke("Rename failed:$!", "Cannot proceed.");
      }
  
  }
  
  
  =pod
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Functions
  
  =begin _private
  
  =over
  
  =item _get_install_skip
  
  Handles loading the INSTALL.SKIP file. Returns an array of patterns to use.
  
  =cut
  
  
  
  sub _get_install_skip {
      my ( $skip, $verbose )= @_;
      if ($ENV{EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP}) {
          print "EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP is set, ignore skipfile settings\n"
              if $verbose>2;
          return [];
      }
      if ( ! defined $skip ) {
          print "Looking for install skip list\n"
              if $verbose>2;
          for my $file ( 'INSTALL.SKIP', $ENV{EU_INSTALL_SITE_SKIPFILE} ) {
              next unless $file;
              print "\tChecking for $file\n"
                  if $verbose>2;
              if (-e $file) {
                  $skip= $file;
                  last;
              }
          }
      }
      if ($skip && !ref $skip) {
          print "Reading skip patterns from '$skip'.\n"
              if $verbose;
          if (open my $fh,$skip ) {
              my @patterns;
              while (<$fh>) {
                  chomp;
                  next if /^\s*(?:#|$)/;
                  print "\tSkip pattern: $_\n" if $verbose>3;
                  push @patterns, $_;
              }
              $skip= \@patterns;
          } else {
              warn "Can't read skip file:'$skip':$!\n";
              $skip=[];
          }
      } elsif ( UNIVERSAL::isa($skip,'ARRAY') ) {
          print "Using array for skip list\n"
              if $verbose>2;
      } elsif ($verbose) {
          print "No skip list found.\n"
              if $verbose>1;
          $skip= [];
      }
      warn "Got @{[0+@$skip]} skip patterns.\n"
          if $verbose>3;
      return $skip
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item _have_write_access
  
  Abstract a -w check that tries to use POSIX::access() if possible.
  
  =cut
  
  {
      my  $has_posix;
      sub _have_write_access {
          my $dir=shift;
          unless (defined $has_posix) {
              $has_posix= (!$Is_cygwin && !$Is_Win32
               && eval 'local $^W; require POSIX; 1') || 0;
          }
          if ($has_posix) {
              return POSIX::access($dir, POSIX::W_OK());
          } else {
              return -w $dir;
          }
      }
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item _can_write_dir(C<$dir>)
  
  Checks whether a given directory is writable, taking account
  the possibility that the directory might not exist and would have to
  be created first.
  
  Returns a list, containing: C<($writable, $determined_by, @create)>
  
  C<$writable> says whether the directory is (hypothetically) writable
  
  C<$determined_by> is the directory the status was determined from. It will be
  either the C<$dir>, or one of its parents.
  
  C<@create> is a list of directories that would probably have to be created
  to make the requested directory. It may not actually be correct on
  relative paths with C<..> in them. But for our purposes it should work ok
  
  =cut
  
  
  sub _can_write_dir {
      my $dir=shift;
      return
          unless defined $dir and length $dir;
  
      my ($vol, $dirs, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($dir,1);
      my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dirs);
      unshift @dirs, File::Spec->curdir
          unless File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($dir);
  
      my $path='';
      my @make;
      while (@dirs) {
          if ($Is_VMS) {
              $dir = File::Spec->catdir($vol,@dirs);
          }
          else {
              $dir = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs);
              $dir = File::Spec->catpath($vol,$dir,'')
                      if defined $vol and length $vol;
          }
          next if ( $dir eq $path );
          if ( ! -e $dir ) {
              unshift @make,$dir;
              next;
          }
          if ( _have_write_access($dir) ) {
              return 1,$dir,@make
          } else {
              return 0,$dir,@make
          }
      } continue {
          pop @dirs;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item _mkpath($dir,$show,$mode,$verbose,$dry_run)
  
  Wrapper around File::Path::mkpath() to handle errors.
  
  If $verbose is true and >1 then additional diagnostics will be produced, also
  this will force $show to true.
  
  If $dry_run is true then the directory will not be created but a check will be
  made to see whether it would be possible to write to the directory, or that
  it would be possible to create the directory.
  
  If $dry_run is not true dies if the directory can not be created or is not
  writable.
  
  =cut
  
  sub _mkpath {
      my ($dir,$show,$mode,$verbose,$dry_run)=@_;
      if ( $verbose && $verbose > 1 && ! -d $dir) {
          $show= 1;
          printf "mkpath(%s,%d,%#o)\n", $dir, $show, $mode;
      }
      if (!$dry_run) {
          if ( ! eval { File::Path::mkpath($dir,$show,$mode); 1 } ) {
              _choke("Can't create '$dir'","$@");
          }
  
      }
      my ($can,$root,@make)=_can_write_dir($dir);
      if (!$can) {
          my @msg=(
              "Can't create '$dir'",
              $root ? "Do not have write permissions on '$root'"
                    : "Unknown Error"
          );
          if ($dry_run) {
              _warnonce @msg;
          } else {
              _choke @msg;
          }
      } elsif ($show and $dry_run) {
          print "$_\n" for @make;
      }
  
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item _copy($from,$to,$verbose,$dry_run)
  
  Wrapper around File::Copy::copy to handle errors.
  
  If $verbose is true and >1 then additional diagnostics will be emitted.
  
  If $dry_run is true then the copy will not actually occur.
  
  Dies if the copy fails.
  
  =cut
  
  
  sub _copy {
      my ( $from, $to, $verbose, $dry_run)=@_;
      if ($verbose && $verbose>1) {
          printf "copy(%s,%s)\n", $from, $to;
      }
      if (!$dry_run) {
          File::Copy::copy($from,$to)
              or Carp::croak( _estr "ERROR: Cannot copy '$from' to '$to': $!" );
      }
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item _chdir($from)
  
  Wrapper around chdir to catch errors.
  
  If not called in void context returns the cwd from before the chdir.
  
  dies on error.
  
  =cut
  
  sub _chdir {
      my ($dir)= @_;
      my $ret;
      if (defined wantarray) {
          $ret= cwd;
      }
      chdir $dir
          or _choke("Couldn't chdir to '$dir': $!");
      return $ret;
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =back
  
  =end _private
  
  =over
  
  =item B<install>
  
      # deprecated forms
      install(\%from_to);
      install(\%from_to, $verbose, $dry_run, $uninstall_shadows,
                  $skip, $always_copy, \%result);
  
      # recommended form as of 1.47
      install([
          from_to => \%from_to,
          verbose => 1,
          dry_run => 0,
          uninstall_shadows => 1,
          skip => undef,
          always_copy => 1,
          result => \%install_results,
      ]);
  
  
  Copies each directory tree of %from_to to its corresponding value
  preserving timestamps and permissions.
  
  There are two keys with a special meaning in the hash: "read" and
  "write".  These contain packlist files.  After the copying is done,
  install() will write the list of target files to $from_to{write}. If
  $from_to{read} is given the contents of this file will be merged into
  the written file. The read and the written file may be identical, but
  on AFS it is quite likely that people are installing to a different
  directory than the one where the files later appear.
  
  If $verbose is true, will print out each file removed.  Default is
  false.  This is "make install VERBINST=1". $verbose values going
  up to 5 show increasingly more diagnostics output.
  
  If $dry_run is true it will only print what it was going to do
  without actually doing it.  Default is false.
  
  If $uninstall_shadows is true any differing versions throughout @INC
  will be uninstalled.  This is "make install UNINST=1"
  
  As of 1.37_02 install() supports the use of a list of patterns to filter out
  files that shouldn't be installed. If $skip is omitted or undefined then
  install will try to read the list from INSTALL.SKIP in the CWD. This file is
  a list of regular expressions and is just like the MANIFEST.SKIP file used
  by L<ExtUtils::Manifest>.
  
  A default site INSTALL.SKIP may be provided by setting then environment
  variable EU_INSTALL_SITE_SKIPFILE, this will only be used when there isn't a
  distribution specific INSTALL.SKIP. If the environment variable
  EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP is true then no install file filtering will be
  performed.
  
  If $skip is undefined then the skip file will be autodetected and used if it
  is found. If $skip is a reference to an array then it is assumed the array
  contains the list of patterns, if $skip is a true non reference it is
  assumed to be the filename holding the list of patterns, any other value of
  $skip is taken to mean that no install filtering should occur.
  
  B<Changes As of Version 1.47>
  
  As of version 1.47 the following additions were made to the install interface.
  Note that the new argument style and use of the %result hash is recommended.
  
  The $always_copy parameter which when true causes files to be updated
  regardless as to whether they have changed, if it is defined but false then
  copies are made only if the files have changed, if it is undefined then the
  value of the environment variable EU_INSTALL_ALWAYS_COPY is used as default.
  
  The %result hash will be populated with the various keys/subhashes reflecting
  the install. Currently these keys and their structure are:
  
      install             => { $target    => $source },
      install_fail        => { $target    => $source },
      install_unchanged   => { $target    => $source },
  
      install_filtered    => { $source    => $pattern },
  
      uninstall           => { $uninstalled => $source },
      uninstall_fail      => { $uninstalled => $source },
  
  where C<$source> is the filespec of the file being installed. C<$target> is where
  it is being installed to, and C<$uninstalled> is any shadow file that is in C<@INC>
  or C<$ENV{PERL5LIB}> or other standard locations, and C<$pattern> is the pattern that
  caused a source file to be skipped. In future more keys will be added, such as to
  show created directories, however this requires changes in other modules and must
  therefore wait.
  
  These keys will be populated before any exceptions are thrown should there be an
  error.
  
  Note that all updates of the %result are additive, the hash will not be
  cleared before use, thus allowing status results of many installs to be easily
  aggregated.
  
  B<NEW ARGUMENT STYLE>
  
  If there is only one argument and it is a reference to an array then
  the array is assumed to contain a list of key-value pairs specifying
  the options. In this case the option "from_to" is mandatory. This style
  means that you do not have to supply a cryptic list of arguments and can
  use a self documenting argument list that is easier to understand.
  
  This is now the recommended interface to install().
  
  B<RETURN>
  
  If all actions were successful install will return a hashref of the results
  as described above for the $result parameter. If any action is a failure
  then install will die, therefore it is recommended to pass in the $result
  parameter instead of using the return value. If the result parameter is
  provided then the returned hashref will be the passed in hashref.
  
  =cut
  
  sub install { #XXX OS-SPECIFIC
      my($from_to,$verbose,$dry_run,$uninstall_shadows,$skip,$always_copy,$result) = @_;
      if (@_==1 and eval { 1+@$from_to }) {
          my %opts        = @$from_to;
          $from_to        = $opts{from_to}
                              or Carp::confess("from_to is a mandatory parameter");
          $verbose        = $opts{verbose};
          $dry_run        = $opts{dry_run};
          $uninstall_shadows  = $opts{uninstall_shadows};
          $skip           = $opts{skip};
          $always_copy    = $opts{always_copy};
          $result         = $opts{result};
      }
  
      $result ||= {};
      $verbose ||= 0;
      $dry_run  ||= 0;
  
      $skip= _get_install_skip($skip,$verbose);
      $always_copy =  $ENV{EU_INSTALL_ALWAYS_COPY}
                   || $ENV{EU_ALWAYS_COPY}
                   || 0
          unless defined $always_copy;
  
      my(%from_to) = %$from_to;
      my(%pack, $dir, %warned);
      my($packlist) = ExtUtils::Packlist->new();
  
      local(*DIR);
      for (qw/read write/) {
          $pack{$_}=$from_to{$_};
          delete $from_to{$_};
      }
      my $tmpfile = install_rooted_file($pack{"read"});
      $packlist->read($tmpfile) if (-f $tmpfile);
      my $cwd = cwd();
      my @found_files;
      my %check_dirs;
  
      MOD_INSTALL: foreach my $source (sort keys %from_to) {
          #copy the tree to the target directory without altering
          #timestamp and permission and remember for the .packlist
          #file. The packlist file contains the absolute paths of the
          #install locations. AFS users may call this a bug. We'll have
          #to reconsider how to add the means to satisfy AFS users also.
  
          #October 1997: we want to install .pm files into archlib if
          #there are any files in arch. So we depend on having ./blib/arch
          #hardcoded here.
  
          my $targetroot = install_rooted_dir($from_to{$source});
  
          my $blib_lib  = File::Spec->catdir('blib', 'lib');
          my $blib_arch = File::Spec->catdir('blib', 'arch');
          if ($source eq $blib_lib and
              exists $from_to{$blib_arch} and
              directory_not_empty($blib_arch)
          ){
              $targetroot = install_rooted_dir($from_to{$blib_arch});
              print "Files found in $blib_arch: installing files in $blib_lib into architecture dependent library tree\n";
          }
  
          next unless -d $source;
          _chdir($source);
          # 5.5.3's File::Find missing no_chdir option
          # XXX OS-SPECIFIC
          # File::Find seems to always be Unixy except on MacPerl :(
          my $current_directory= $Is_MacPerl ? $Curdir : '.';
          find(sub {
              my ($mode,$size,$atime,$mtime) = (stat)[2,7,8,9];
  
              return if !-f _;
              my $origfile = $_;
  
              return if $origfile eq ".exists";
              my $targetdir  = File::Spec->catdir($targetroot, $File::Find::dir);
              my $targetfile = File::Spec->catfile($targetdir, $origfile);
              my $sourcedir  = File::Spec->catdir($source, $File::Find::dir);
              my $sourcefile = File::Spec->catfile($sourcedir, $origfile);
  
              for my $pat (@$skip) {
                  if ( $sourcefile=~/$pat/ ) {
                      print "Skipping $targetfile (filtered)\n"
                          if $verbose>1;
                      $result->{install_filtered}{$sourcefile} = $pat;
                      return;
                  }
              }
              # we have to do this for back compat with old File::Finds
              # and because the target is relative
              my $save_cwd = _chdir($cwd);
              my $diff = 0;
              # XXX: I wonder how useful this logic is actually -- demerphq
              if ( $always_copy or !-f $targetfile or -s $targetfile != $size) {
                  $diff++;
              } else {
                  # we might not need to copy this file
                  $diff = compare($sourcefile, $targetfile);
              }
              $check_dirs{$targetdir}++
                  unless -w $targetfile;
  
              push @found_files,
                  [ $diff, $File::Find::dir, $origfile,
                    $mode, $size, $atime, $mtime,
                    $targetdir, $targetfile, $sourcedir, $sourcefile,
  
                  ];
              #restore the original directory we were in when File::Find
              #called us so that it doesn't get horribly confused.
              _chdir($save_cwd);
          }, $current_directory );
          _chdir($cwd);
      }
      foreach my $targetdir (sort keys %check_dirs) {
          _mkpath( $targetdir, 0, 0755, $verbose, $dry_run );
      }
      foreach my $found (@found_files) {
          my ($diff, $ffd, $origfile, $mode, $size, $atime, $mtime,
              $targetdir, $targetfile, $sourcedir, $sourcefile)= @$found;
  
          my $realtarget= $targetfile;
          if ($diff) {
              eval {
                  if (-f $targetfile) {
                      print "_unlink_or_rename($targetfile)\n" if $verbose>1;
                      $targetfile= _unlink_or_rename( $targetfile, 'tryhard', 'install' )
                          unless $dry_run;
                  } elsif ( ! -d $targetdir ) {
                      _mkpath( $targetdir, 0, 0755, $verbose, $dry_run );
                  }
                  print "Installing $targetfile\n";
  
                  _copy( $sourcefile, $targetfile, $verbose, $dry_run, );
  
  
                  #XXX OS-SPECIFIC
                  print "utime($atime,$mtime,$targetfile)\n" if $verbose>1;
                  utime($atime,$mtime + $Is_VMS,$targetfile) unless $dry_run>1;
  
  
                  $mode = 0444 | ( $mode & 0111 ? 0111 : 0 );
                  $mode = $mode | 0222
                      if $realtarget ne $targetfile;
                  _chmod( $mode, $targetfile, $verbose );
                  $result->{install}{$targetfile} = $sourcefile;
                  1
              } or do {
                  $result->{install_fail}{$targetfile} = $sourcefile;
                  die $@;
              };
          } else {
              $result->{install_unchanged}{$targetfile} = $sourcefile;
              print "Skipping $targetfile (unchanged)\n" if $verbose;
          }
  
          if ( $uninstall_shadows ) {
              inc_uninstall($sourcefile,$ffd, $verbose,
                            $dry_run,
                            $realtarget ne $targetfile ? $realtarget : "",
                            $result);
          }
  
          # Record the full pathname.
          $packlist->{$targetfile}++;
      }
  
      if ($pack{'write'}) {
          $dir = install_rooted_dir(dirname($pack{'write'}));
          _mkpath( $dir, 0, 0755, $verbose, $dry_run );
          print "Writing $pack{'write'}\n" if $verbose;
          $packlist->write(install_rooted_file($pack{'write'})) unless $dry_run;
      }
  
      _do_cleanup($verbose);
      return $result;
  }
  
  =begin _private
  
  =item _do_cleanup
  
  Standardize finish event for after another instruction has occurred.
  Handles converting $MUST_REBOOT to a die for instance.
  
  =end _private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _do_cleanup {
      my ($verbose) = @_;
      if ($MUST_REBOOT) {
          die _estr "Operation not completed! ",
              "You must reboot to complete the installation.",
              "Sorry.";
      } elsif (defined $MUST_REBOOT & $verbose) {
          warn _estr "Installation will be completed at the next reboot.\n",
               "However it is not necessary to reboot immediately.\n";
      }
  }
  
  =begin _undocumented
  
  =item install_rooted_file( $file )
  
  Returns $file, or catfile($INSTALL_ROOT,$file) if $INSTALL_ROOT
  is defined.
  
  =item install_rooted_dir( $dir )
  
  Returns $dir, or catdir($INSTALL_ROOT,$dir) if $INSTALL_ROOT
  is defined.
  
  =end _undocumented
  
  =cut
  
  
  sub install_rooted_file {
      if (defined $INSTALL_ROOT) {
          File::Spec->catfile($INSTALL_ROOT, $_[0]);
      } else {
          $_[0];
      }
  }
  
  
  sub install_rooted_dir {
      if (defined $INSTALL_ROOT) {
          File::Spec->catdir($INSTALL_ROOT, $_[0]);
      } else {
          $_[0];
      }
  }
  
  =begin _undocumented
  
  =item forceunlink( $file, $tryhard )
  
  Tries to delete a file. If $tryhard is true then we will use whatever
  devious tricks we can to delete the file. Currently this only applies to
  Win32 in that it will try to use Win32API::File to schedule a delete at
  reboot. A wrapper for _unlink_or_rename().
  
  =end _undocumented
  
  =cut
  
  
  sub forceunlink {
      my ( $file, $tryhard )= @_; #XXX OS-SPECIFIC
      _unlink_or_rename( $file, $tryhard, not("installing") );
  }
  
  =begin _undocumented
  
  =item directory_not_empty( $dir )
  
  Returns 1 if there is an .exists file somewhere in a directory tree.
  Returns 0 if there is not.
  
  =end _undocumented
  
  =cut
  
  sub directory_not_empty ($) {
    my($dir) = @_;
    my $files = 0;
    find(sub {
             return if $_ eq ".exists";
             if (-f) {
               $File::Find::prune++;
               $files = 1;
             }
         }, $dir);
    return $files;
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
  
      install_default();
      install_default($fullext);
  
  Calls install() with arguments to copy a module from blib/ to the
  default site installation location.
  
  $fullext is the name of the module converted to a directory
  (ie. Foo::Bar would be Foo/Bar).  If $fullext is not specified, it
  will attempt to read it from @ARGV.
  
  This is primarily useful for install scripts.
  
  B<NOTE> This function is not really useful because of the hard-coded
  install location with no way to control site vs core vs vendor
  directories and the strange way in which the module name is given.
  Consider its use discouraged.
  
  =cut
  
  sub install_default {
    @_ < 2 or Carp::croak("install_default should be called with 0 or 1 argument");
    my $FULLEXT = @_ ? shift : $ARGV[0];
    defined $FULLEXT or die "Do not know to where to write install log";
    my $INST_LIB = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,"blib","lib");
    my $INST_ARCHLIB = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,"blib","arch");
    my $INST_BIN = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,'blib','bin');
    my $INST_SCRIPT = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,'blib','script');
    my $INST_MAN1DIR = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,'blib','man1');
    my $INST_MAN3DIR = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,'blib','man3');
  
    my @INST_HTML;
    if($Config{installhtmldir}) {
        my $INST_HTMLDIR = File::Spec->catdir($Curdir,'blib','html');
        @INST_HTML = ($INST_HTMLDIR => $Config{installhtmldir});
    }
  
    install({
             read => "$Config{sitearchexp}/auto/$FULLEXT/.packlist",
             write => "$Config{installsitearch}/auto/$FULLEXT/.packlist",
             $INST_LIB => (directory_not_empty($INST_ARCHLIB)) ?
                           $Config{installsitearch} :
                           $Config{installsitelib},
             $INST_ARCHLIB => $Config{installsitearch},
             $INST_BIN => $Config{installbin} ,
             $INST_SCRIPT => $Config{installscript},
             $INST_MAN1DIR => $Config{installman1dir},
             $INST_MAN3DIR => $Config{installman3dir},
         @INST_HTML,
            },1,0,0);
  }
  
  
  =item B<uninstall>
  
      uninstall($packlist_file);
      uninstall($packlist_file, $verbose, $dont_execute);
  
  Removes the files listed in a $packlist_file.
  
  If $verbose is true, will print out each file removed.  Default is
  false.
  
  If $dont_execute is true it will only print what it was going to do
  without actually doing it.  Default is false.
  
  =cut
  
  sub uninstall {
      my($fil,$verbose,$dry_run) = @_;
      $verbose ||= 0;
      $dry_run  ||= 0;
  
      die _estr "ERROR: no packlist file found: '$fil'"
          unless -f $fil;
      # my $my_req = $self->catfile(qw(auto ExtUtils Install forceunlink.al));
      # require $my_req; # Hairy, but for the first
      my ($packlist) = ExtUtils::Packlist->new($fil);
      foreach (sort(keys(%$packlist))) {
          chomp;
          print "unlink $_\n" if $verbose;
          forceunlink($_,'tryhard') unless $dry_run;
      }
      print "unlink $fil\n" if $verbose;
      forceunlink($fil, 'tryhard') unless $dry_run;
      _do_cleanup($verbose);
  }
  
  =begin _undocumented
  
  =item inc_uninstall($filepath,$libdir,$verbose,$dry_run,$ignore,$results)
  
  Remove shadowed files. If $ignore is true then it is assumed to hold
  a filename to ignore. This is used to prevent spurious warnings from
  occurring when doing an install at reboot.
  
  We now only die when failing to remove a file that has precedence over
  our own, when our install has precedence we only warn.
  
  $results is assumed to contain a hashref which will have the keys
  'uninstall' and 'uninstall_fail' populated with  keys for the files
  removed and values of the source files they would shadow.
  
  =end _undocumented
  
  =cut
  
  sub inc_uninstall {
      my($filepath,$libdir,$verbose,$dry_run,$ignore,$results) = @_;
      my($dir);
      $ignore||="";
      my $file = (File::Spec->splitpath($filepath))[2];
      my %seen_dir = ();
  
      my @PERL_ENV_LIB = split $Config{path_sep}, defined $ENV{'PERL5LIB'}
        ? $ENV{'PERL5LIB'} : $ENV{'PERLLIB'} || '';
  
      my @dirs=( @PERL_ENV_LIB,
                 @INC,
                 @Config{qw(archlibexp
                            privlibexp
                            sitearchexp
                            sitelibexp)});
  
      #warn join "\n","---",@dirs,"---";
      my $seen_ours;
      foreach $dir ( @dirs ) {
          my $canonpath = $Is_VMS ? $dir : File::Spec->canonpath($dir);
          next if $canonpath eq $Curdir;
          next if $seen_dir{$canonpath}++;
          my $targetfile = File::Spec->catfile($canonpath,$libdir,$file);
          next unless -f $targetfile;
  
          # The reason why we compare file's contents is, that we cannot
          # know, which is the file we just installed (AFS). So we leave
          # an identical file in place
          my $diff = 0;
          if ( -f $targetfile && -s _ == -s $filepath) {
              # We have a good chance, we can skip this one
              $diff = compare($filepath,$targetfile);
          } else {
              $diff++;
          }
          print "#$file and $targetfile differ\n" if $diff && $verbose > 1;
  
          if (!$diff or $targetfile eq $ignore) {
              $seen_ours = 1;
              next;
          }
          if ($dry_run) {
              $results->{uninstall}{$targetfile} = $filepath;
              if ($verbose) {
                  $Inc_uninstall_warn_handler ||= ExtUtils::Install::Warn->new();
                  $libdir =~ s|^\./||s ; # That's just cosmetics, no need to port. It looks prettier.
                  $Inc_uninstall_warn_handler->add(
                                       File::Spec->catfile($libdir, $file),
                                       $targetfile
                                      );
              }
              # if not verbose, we just say nothing
          } else {
              print "Unlinking $targetfile (shadowing?)\n" if $verbose;
              eval {
                  die "Fake die for testing"
                      if $ExtUtils::Install::Testing and
                         ucase(File::Spec->canonpath($ExtUtils::Install::Testing)) eq ucase($targetfile);
                  forceunlink($targetfile,'tryhard');
                  $results->{uninstall}{$targetfile} = $filepath;
                  1;
              } or do {
                  $results->{fail_uninstall}{$targetfile} = $filepath;
                  if ($seen_ours) {
                      warn "Failed to remove probably harmless shadow file '$targetfile'\n";
                  } else {
                      die "$@\n";
                  }
              };
          }
      }
  }
  
  =begin _undocumented
  
  =item run_filter($cmd,$src,$dest)
  
  Filter $src using $cmd into $dest.
  
  =end _undocumented
  
  =cut
  
  sub run_filter {
      my ($cmd, $src, $dest) = @_;
      local(*CMD, *SRC);
      open(CMD, "|$cmd >$dest") || die "Cannot fork: $!";
      open(SRC, $src)           || die "Cannot open $src: $!";
      my $buf;
      my $sz = 1024;
      while (my $len = sysread(SRC, $buf, $sz)) {
          syswrite(CMD, $buf, $len);
      }
      close SRC;
      close CMD or die "Filter command '$cmd' failed for $src";
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =item B<pm_to_blib>
  
      pm_to_blib(\%from_to);
      pm_to_blib(\%from_to, $autosplit_dir);
      pm_to_blib(\%from_to, $autosplit_dir, $filter_cmd);
  
  Copies each key of %from_to to its corresponding value efficiently.
  If an $autosplit_dir is provided, all .pm files will be autosplit into it.
  Any destination directories are created.
  
  $filter_cmd is an optional shell command to run each .pm file through
  prior to splitting and copying.  Input is the contents of the module,
  output the new module contents.
  
  You can have an environment variable PERL_INSTALL_ROOT set which will
  be prepended as a directory to each installed file (and directory).
  
  By default verbose output is generated, setting the PERL_INSTALL_QUIET
  environment variable will silence this output.
  
  =cut
  
  sub pm_to_blib {
      my($fromto,$autodir,$pm_filter) = @_;
  
      _mkpath($autodir,0,0755) if defined $autodir;
      while(my($from, $to) = each %$fromto) {
          if( -f $to && -s $from == -s $to && -M $to < -M $from ) {
              print "Skip $to (unchanged)\n" unless $INSTALL_QUIET;
              next;
          }
  
          # When a pm_filter is defined, we need to pre-process the source first
          # to determine whether it has changed or not.  Therefore, only perform
          # the comparison check when there's no filter to be ran.
          #    -- RAM, 03/01/2001
  
          my $need_filtering = defined $pm_filter && length $pm_filter &&
                               $from =~ /\.pm$/;
  
          if (!$need_filtering && 0 == compare($from,$to)) {
              print "Skip $to (unchanged)\n" unless $INSTALL_QUIET;
              next;
          }
          if (-f $to){
              # we wont try hard here. its too likely to mess things up.
              forceunlink($to);
          } else {
              _mkpath(dirname($to),0,0755);
          }
          if ($need_filtering) {
              run_filter($pm_filter, $from, $to);
              print "$pm_filter <$from >$to\n";
          } else {
              _copy( $from, $to );
              print "cp $from $to\n" unless $INSTALL_QUIET;
          }
          my($mode,$atime,$mtime) = (stat $from)[2,8,9];
          utime($atime,$mtime+$Is_VMS,$to);
          _chmod(0444 | ( $mode & 0111 ? 0111 : 0 ),$to);
          next unless $from =~ /\.pm$/;
          _autosplit($to,$autodir) if defined $autodir;
      }
  }
  
  
  =begin _private
  
  =item _autosplit
  
  From 1.0307 back, AutoSplit will sometimes leave an open filehandle to
  the file being split.  This causes problems on systems with mandatory
  locking (ie. Windows).  So we wrap it and close the filehandle.
  
  =end _private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _autosplit { #XXX OS-SPECIFIC
      my $retval = autosplit(@_);
      close *AutoSplit::IN if defined *AutoSplit::IN{IO};
  
      return $retval;
  }
  
  
  package ExtUtils::Install::Warn;
  
  sub new { bless {}, shift }
  
  sub add {
      my($self,$file,$targetfile) = @_;
      push @{$self->{$file}}, $targetfile;
  }
  
  sub DESTROY {
      unless(defined $INSTALL_ROOT) {
          my $self = shift;
          my($file,$i,$plural);
          foreach $file (sort keys %$self) {
              $plural = @{$self->{$file}} > 1 ? "s" : "";
              print "## Differing version$plural of $file found. You might like to\n";
              for (0..$#{$self->{$file}}) {
                  print "rm ", $self->{$file}[$_], "\n";
                  $i++;
              }
          }
          $plural = $i>1 ? "all those files" : "this file";
          my $inst = (_invokant() eq 'ExtUtils::MakeMaker')
                   ? ( $Config::Config{make} || 'make' ).' install'
                       . ( $Is_VMS ? '/MACRO="UNINST"=1' : ' UNINST=1' )
                   : './Build install uninst=1';
          print "## Running '$inst' will unlink $plural for you.\n";
      }
  }
  
  =begin _private
  
  =item _invokant
  
  Does a heuristic on the stack to see who called us for more intelligent
  error messages. Currently assumes we will be called only by Module::Build
  or by ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
  
  =end _private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _invokant {
      my @stack;
      my $frame = 0;
      while (my $file = (caller($frame++))[1]) {
          push @stack, (File::Spec->splitpath($file))[2];
      }
  
      my $builder;
      my $top = pop @stack;
      if ($top =~ /^Build/i || exists($INC{'Module/Build.pm'})) {
          $builder = 'Module::Build';
      } else {
          $builder = 'ExtUtils::MakeMaker';
      }
      return $builder;
  }
  
  =pod
  
  =back
  
  =head1 ENVIRONMENT
  
  =over 4
  
  =item B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
  
  Will be prepended to each install path.
  
  =item B<EU_INSTALL_IGNORE_SKIP>
  
  Will prevent the automatic use of INSTALL.SKIP as the install skip file.
  
  =item B<EU_INSTALL_SITE_SKIPFILE>
  
  If there is no INSTALL.SKIP file in the make directory then this value
  can be used to provide a default.
  
  =item B<EU_INSTALL_ALWAYS_COPY>
  
  If this environment variable is true then normal install processes will
  always overwrite older identical files during the install process.
  
  Note that the alias EU_ALWAYS_COPY will be supported if EU_INSTALL_ALWAYS_COPY
  is not defined until at least the 1.50 release. Please ensure you use the
  correct EU_INSTALL_ALWAYS_COPY.
  
  =back
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Original author lost in the mists of time.  Probably the same as Makemaker.
  
  Production release currently maintained by demerphq C<yves at cpan.org>,
  extensive changes by Michael G. Schwern.
  
  Send bug reports via http://rt.cpan.org/.  Please send your
  generated Makefile along with your report.
  
  =head1 LICENSE
  
  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
  
  See L<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>
  
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_INSTALL

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Installed.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_INSTALLED';
  package ExtUtils::Installed;
  
  use 5.00503;
  use strict;
  #use warnings; # XXX requires 5.6
  use Carp qw();
  use ExtUtils::Packlist;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
  use Config;
  use File::Find;
  use File::Basename;
  use File::Spec;
  
  my $Is_VMS = $^O eq 'VMS';
  my $DOSISH = ($^O =~ /^(MSWin\d\d|os2|dos|mint)$/);
  
  require VMS::Filespec if $Is_VMS;
  
  use vars qw($VERSION);
  $VERSION = '2.06';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  sub _is_prefix {
      my ($self, $path, $prefix) = @_;
      return unless defined $prefix && defined $path;
  
      if( $Is_VMS ) {
          $prefix = VMS::Filespec::unixify($prefix);
          $path   = VMS::Filespec::unixify($path);
      }
  
      # Unix path normalization.
      $prefix = File::Spec->canonpath($prefix);
  
      return 1 if substr($path, 0, length($prefix)) eq $prefix;
  
      if ($DOSISH) {
          $path =~ s|\\|/|g;
          $prefix =~ s|\\|/|g;
          return 1 if $path =~ m{^\Q$prefix\E}i;
      }
      return(0);
  }
  
  sub _is_doc {
      my ($self, $path) = @_;
  
      my $man1dir = $self->{':private:'}{Config}{man1direxp};
      my $man3dir = $self->{':private:'}{Config}{man3direxp};
      return(($man1dir && $self->_is_prefix($path, $man1dir))
             ||
             ($man3dir && $self->_is_prefix($path, $man3dir))
             ? 1 : 0)
  }
  
  sub _is_type {
      my ($self, $path, $type) = @_;
      return 1 if $type eq "all";
  
      return($self->_is_doc($path)) if $type eq "doc";
      my $conf= $self->{':private:'}{Config};
      if ($type eq "prog") {
          return($self->_is_prefix($path, $conf->{prefix} || $conf->{prefixexp})
                 && !($self->_is_doc($path)) ? 1 : 0);
      }
      return(0);
  }
  
  sub _is_under {
      my ($self, $path, @under) = @_;
      $under[0] = "" if (! @under);
      foreach my $dir (@under) {
          return(1) if ($self->_is_prefix($path, $dir));
      }
  
      return(0);
  }
  
  sub _fix_dirs {
      my ($self, @dirs)= @_;
      # File::Find does not know how to deal with VMS filepaths.
      if( $Is_VMS ) {
          $_ = VMS::Filespec::unixify($_)
              for @dirs;
      }
  
      if ($DOSISH) {
          s|\\|/|g for @dirs;
      }
      return wantarray ? @dirs : $dirs[0];
  }
  
  sub _make_entry {
      my ($self, $module, $packlist_file, $modfile)= @_;
  
      my $data= {
          module => $module,
          packlist => scalar(ExtUtils::Packlist->new($packlist_file)),
          packlist_file => $packlist_file,
      };
  
      if (!$modfile) {
          $data->{version} = $self->{':private:'}{Config}{version};
      } else {
          $data->{modfile} = $modfile;
          # Find the top-level module file in @INC
          $data->{version} = '';
          foreach my $dir (@{$self->{':private:'}{INC}}) {
              my $p = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $modfile);
              if (-r $p) {
                  $module = _module_name($p, $module) if $Is_VMS;
  
                  $data->{version} = MM->parse_version($p);
                  $data->{version_from} = $p;
                  $data->{packlist_valid} = exists $data->{packlist}{$p};
                  last;
              }
          }
      }
      $self->{$module}= $data;
  }
  
  our $INSTALLED;
  sub new {
      my ($class) = shift(@_);
      $class = ref($class) || $class;
  
      my %args = @_;
  
      return $INSTALLED if $INSTALLED and ($args{default_get} || $args{default});
  
      my $self = bless {}, $class;
  
      $INSTALLED= $self if $args{default_set} || $args{default};
  
  
      if ($args{config_override}) {
          eval {
              $self->{':private:'}{Config} = { %{$args{config_override}} };
          } or Carp::croak(
              "The 'config_override' parameter must be a hash reference."
          );
      }
      else {
          $self->{':private:'}{Config} = \%Config;
      }
  
      for my $tuple ([inc_override => INC => [ @INC ] ],
                     [ extra_libs => EXTRA => [] ])
      {
          my ($arg,$key,$val)=@$tuple;
          if ( $args{$arg} ) {
              eval {
                  $self->{':private:'}{$key} = [ @{$args{$arg}} ];
              } or Carp::croak(
                  "The '$arg' parameter must be an array reference."
              );
          }
          elsif ($val) {
              $self->{':private:'}{$key} = $val;
          }
      }
      {
          my %dupe;
          @{$self->{':private:'}{LIBDIRS}} =
              grep { $_ ne '.' || ! $args{skip_cwd} }
              grep { -e $_ && !$dupe{$_}++ }
              @{$self->{':private:'}{EXTRA}}, @{$self->{':private:'}{INC}};
      }
  
      my @dirs= $self->_fix_dirs(@{$self->{':private:'}{LIBDIRS}});
  
      # Read the core packlist
      my $archlib = $self->_fix_dirs($self->{':private:'}{Config}{archlibexp});
      $self->_make_entry("Perl",File::Spec->catfile($archlib, '.packlist'));
  
      my $root;
      # Read the module packlists
      my $sub = sub {
          # Only process module .packlists
          return if $_ ne ".packlist" || $File::Find::dir eq $archlib;
  
          # Hack of the leading bits of the paths & convert to a module name
          my $module = $File::Find::name;
          my $found = $module =~ s!^.*?/auto/(.*)/.packlist!$1!s
              or do {
              # warn "Woah! \$_=$_\n\$module=$module\n\$File::Find::dir=$File::Find::dir\n",
              #    join ("\n",@dirs);
              return;
          };
  
          my $modfile = "$module.pm";
          $module =~ s!/!::!g;
  
          return if $self->{$module}; #shadowing?
          $self->_make_entry($module,$File::Find::name,$modfile);
      };
      while (@dirs) {
          $root= shift @dirs;
          next if !-d $root;
          find($sub,$root);
      }
  
      return $self;
  }
  
  # VMS's non-case preserving file-system means the package name can't
  # be reconstructed from the filename.
  sub _module_name {
      my($file, $orig_module) = @_;
  
      my $module = '';
      if (open PACKFH, $file) {
          while (<PACKFH>) {
              if (/package\s+(\S+)\s*;/) {
                  my $pack = $1;
                  # Make a sanity check, that lower case $module
                  # is identical to lowercase $pack before
                  # accepting it
                  if (lc($pack) eq lc($orig_module)) {
                      $module = $pack;
                      last;
                  }
              }
          }
          close PACKFH;
      }
  
      print STDERR "Couldn't figure out the package name for $file\n"
        unless $module;
  
      return $module;
  }
  
  sub modules {
      my ($self) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
  
      # Bug/feature of sort in scalar context requires this.
      return wantarray
          ? sort grep { not /^:private:$/ } keys %$self
          : grep { not /^:private:$/ } keys %$self;
  }
  
  sub files {
      my ($self, $module, $type, @under) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
  
      # Validate arguments
      Carp::croak("$module is not installed") if (! exists($self->{$module}));
      $type = "all" if (! defined($type));
      Carp::croak('type must be "all", "prog" or "doc"')
          if ($type ne "all" && $type ne "prog" && $type ne "doc");
  
      my (@files);
      foreach my $file (keys(%{$self->{$module}{packlist}})) {
          push(@files, $file)
            if ($self->_is_type($file, $type) &&
                $self->_is_under($file, @under));
      }
      return(@files);
  }
  
  sub directories {
      my ($self, $module, $type, @under) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
      my (%dirs);
      foreach my $file ($self->files($module, $type, @under)) {
          $dirs{dirname($file)}++;
      }
      return sort keys %dirs;
  }
  
  sub directory_tree {
      my ($self, $module, $type, @under) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
      my (%dirs);
      foreach my $dir ($self->directories($module, $type, @under)) {
          $dirs{$dir}++;
          my ($last) = ("");
          while ($last ne $dir) {
              $last = $dir;
              $dir = dirname($dir);
              last if !$self->_is_under($dir, @under);
              $dirs{$dir}++;
          }
      }
      return(sort(keys(%dirs)));
  }
  
  sub validate {
      my ($self, $module, $remove) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
      Carp::croak("$module is not installed") if (! exists($self->{$module}));
      return($self->{$module}{packlist}->validate($remove));
  }
  
  sub packlist {
      my ($self, $module) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
      Carp::croak("$module is not installed") if (! exists($self->{$module}));
      return($self->{$module}{packlist});
  }
  
  sub version {
      my ($self, $module) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
      Carp::croak("$module is not installed") if (! exists($self->{$module}));
      return($self->{$module}{version});
  }
  
  sub debug_dump {
      my ($self, $module) = @_;
      $self= $self->new(default=>1) if !ref $self;
      local $self->{":private:"}{Config};
      require Data::Dumper;
      print Data::Dumper->new([$self])->Sortkeys(1)->Indent(1)->Dump();
  }
  
  
  1;
  
  __END__
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
     use ExtUtils::Installed;
     my ($inst) = ExtUtils::Installed->new( skip_cwd => 1 );
     my (@modules) = $inst->modules();
     my (@missing) = $inst->validate("DBI");
     my $all_files = $inst->files("DBI");
     my $files_below_usr_local = $inst->files("DBI", "all", "/usr/local");
     my $all_dirs = $inst->directories("DBI");
     my $dirs_below_usr_local = $inst->directory_tree("DBI", "prog");
     my $packlist = $inst->packlist("DBI");
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  ExtUtils::Installed  provides a standard way to find out what core and module
  files have been installed.  It uses the information stored in .packlist files
  created during installation to provide this information.  In addition it
  provides facilities to classify the installed files and to extract directory
  information from the .packlist files.
  
  =head1 USAGE
  
  The new() function searches for all the installed .packlists on the system, and
  stores their contents. The .packlists can be queried with the functions
  described below. Where it searches by default is determined by the settings found
  in C<%Config::Config>, and what the value is of the PERL5LIB environment variable.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  Unless specified otherwise all method can be called as class methods, or as object
  methods. If called as class methods then the "default" object will be used, and if
  necessary created using the current processes %Config and @INC.  See the
  'default' option to new() for details.
  
  
  =over 4
  
  =item new()
  
  This takes optional named parameters. Without parameters, this
  searches for all the installed .packlists on the system using
  information from C<%Config::Config> and the default module search
  paths C<@INC>. The packlists are read using the
  L<ExtUtils::Packlist> module.
  
  If the named parameter C<skip_cwd> is true, the current directory C<.> will
  be stripped from C<@INC> before searching for .packlists.  This keeps
  ExtUtils::Installed from finding modules installed in other perls that
  happen to be located below the current directory.
  
  If the named parameter C<config_override> is specified,
  it should be a reference to a hash which contains all information
  usually found in C<%Config::Config>. For example, you can obtain
  the configuration information for a separate perl installation and
  pass that in.
  
      my $yoda_cfg  = get_fake_config('yoda');
      my $yoda_inst =
                 ExtUtils::Installed->new(config_override=>$yoda_cfg);
  
  Similarly, the parameter C<inc_override> may be a reference to an
  array which is used in place of the default module search paths
  from C<@INC>.
  
      use Config;
      my @dirs = split(/\Q$Config{path_sep}\E/, $ENV{PERL5LIB});
      my $p5libs = ExtUtils::Installed->new(inc_override=>\@dirs);
  
  B<Note>: You probably do not want to use these options alone, almost always
  you will want to set both together.
  
  The parameter C<extra_libs> can be used to specify B<additional> paths to
  search for installed modules. For instance
  
      my $installed =
               ExtUtils::Installed->new(extra_libs=>["/my/lib/path"]);
  
  This should only be necessary if F</my/lib/path> is not in PERL5LIB.
  
  Finally there is the 'default', and the related 'default_get' and 'default_set'
  options. These options control the "default" object which is provided by the
  class interface to the methods. Setting C<default_get> to true tells the constructor
  to return the default object if it is defined. Setting C<default_set> to true tells
  the constructor to make the default object the constructed object. Setting the
  C<default> option is like setting both to true. This is used primarily internally
  and probably isn't interesting to any real user.
  
  =item modules()
  
  This returns a list of the names of all the installed modules.  The perl 'core'
  is given the special name 'Perl'.
  
  =item files()
  
  This takes one mandatory parameter, the name of a module.  It returns a list of
  all the filenames from the package.  To obtain a list of core perl files, use
  the module name 'Perl'.  Additional parameters are allowed.  The first is one
  of the strings "prog", "doc" or "all", to select either just program files,
  just manual files or all files.  The remaining parameters are a list of
  directories. The filenames returned will be restricted to those under the
  specified directories.
  
  =item directories()
  
  This takes one mandatory parameter, the name of a module.  It returns a list of
  all the directories from the package.  Additional parameters are allowed.  The
  first is one of the strings "prog", "doc" or "all", to select either just
  program directories, just manual directories or all directories.  The remaining
  parameters are a list of directories. The directories returned will be
  restricted to those under the specified directories.  This method returns only
  the leaf directories that contain files from the specified module.
  
  =item directory_tree()
  
  This is identical in operation to directories(), except that it includes all the
  intermediate directories back up to the specified directories.
  
  =item validate()
  
  This takes one mandatory parameter, the name of a module.  It checks that all
  the files listed in the modules .packlist actually exist, and returns a list of
  any missing files.  If an optional second argument which evaluates to true is
  given any missing files will be removed from the .packlist
  
  =item packlist()
  
  This returns the ExtUtils::Packlist object for the specified module.
  
  =item version()
  
  This returns the version number for the specified module.
  
  =back
  
  =head1 EXAMPLE
  
  See the example in L<ExtUtils::Packlist>.
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Alan Burlison <Alan.Burlison@uk.sun.com>
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_INSTALLED

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Liblist.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_LIBLIST';
  package ExtUtils::Liblist;
  
  use strict;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  use File::Spec;
  require ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid File::Spec);
  
  # Backwards compatibility with old interface.
  sub ext {
      goto &ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid::ext;
  }
  
  sub lsdir {
    shift;
    my $rex = qr/$_[1]/;
    opendir my $dir_fh, $_[0];
    my @out = grep /$rex/, readdir $dir_fh;
    closedir $dir_fh;
    return @out;
  }
  
  __END__
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    require ExtUtils::Liblist;
  
    $MM->ext($potential_libs, $verbose, $need_names);
  
    # Usually you can get away with:
    ExtUtils::Liblist->ext($potential_libs, $verbose, $need_names)
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This utility takes a list of libraries in the form C<-llib1 -llib2
  -llib3> and returns lines suitable for inclusion in an extension
  Makefile.  Extra library paths may be included with the form
  C<-L/another/path> this will affect the searches for all subsequent
  libraries.
  
  It returns an array of four or five scalar values: EXTRALIBS,
  BSLOADLIBS, LDLOADLIBS, LD_RUN_PATH, and, optionally, a reference to
  the array of the filenames of actual libraries.  Some of these don't
  mean anything unless on Unix.  See the details about those platform
  specifics below.  The list of the filenames is returned only if
  $need_names argument is true.
  
  Dependent libraries can be linked in one of three ways:
  
  =over 2
  
  =item * For static extensions
  
  by the ld command when the perl binary is linked with the extension
  library. See EXTRALIBS below.
  
  =item * For dynamic extensions at build/link time
  
  by the ld command when the shared object is built/linked. See
  LDLOADLIBS below.
  
  =item * For dynamic extensions at load time
  
  by the DynaLoader when the shared object is loaded. See BSLOADLIBS
  below.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 EXTRALIBS
  
  List of libraries that need to be linked with when linking a perl
  binary which includes this extension. Only those libraries that
  actually exist are included.  These are written to a file and used
  when linking perl.
  
  =head2 LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
  
  List of those libraries which can or must be linked into the shared
  library when created using ld. These may be static or dynamic
  libraries.  LD_RUN_PATH is a colon separated list of the directories
  in LDLOADLIBS. It is passed as an environment variable to the process
  that links the shared library.
  
  =head2 BSLOADLIBS
  
  List of those libraries that are needed but can be linked in
  dynamically at run time on this platform.  SunOS/Solaris does not need
  this because ld records the information (from LDLOADLIBS) into the
  object file.  This list is used to create a .bs (bootstrap) file.
  
  =head1 PORTABILITY
  
  This module deals with a lot of system dependencies and has quite a
  few architecture specific C<if>s in the code.
  
  =head2 VMS implementation
  
  The version of ext() which is executed under VMS differs from the
  Unix-OS/2 version in several respects:
  
  =over 2
  
  =item *
  
  Input library and path specifications are accepted with or without the
  C<-l> and C<-L> prefixes used by Unix linkers.  If neither prefix is
  present, a token is considered a directory to search if it is in fact
  a directory, and a library to search for otherwise.  Authors who wish
  their extensions to be portable to Unix or OS/2 should use the Unix
  prefixes, since the Unix-OS/2 version of ext() requires them.
  
  =item *
  
  Wherever possible, shareable images are preferred to object libraries,
  and object libraries to plain object files.  In accordance with VMS
  naming conventions, ext() looks for files named I<lib>shr and I<lib>rtl;
  it also looks for I<lib>lib and libI<lib> to accommodate Unix conventions
  used in some ported software.
  
  =item *
  
  For each library that is found, an appropriate directive for a linker options
  file is generated.  The return values are space-separated strings of
  these directives, rather than elements used on the linker command line.
  
  =item *
  
  LDLOADLIBS contains both the libraries found based on C<$potential_libs> and
  the CRTLs, if any, specified in Config.pm.  EXTRALIBS contains just those
  libraries found based on C<$potential_libs>.  BSLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
  are always empty.
  
  =back
  
  In addition, an attempt is made to recognize several common Unix library
  names, and filter them out or convert them to their VMS equivalents, as
  appropriate.
  
  In general, the VMS version of ext() should properly handle input from
  extensions originally designed for a Unix or VMS environment.  If you
  encounter problems, or discover cases where the search could be improved,
  please let us know.
  
  =head2 Win32 implementation
  
  The version of ext() which is executed under Win32 differs from the
  Unix-OS/2 version in several respects:
  
  =over 2
  
  =item *
  
  If C<$potential_libs> is empty, the return value will be empty.
  Otherwise, the libraries specified by C<$Config{perllibs}> (see Config.pm)
  will be appended to the list of C<$potential_libs>.  The libraries
  will be searched for in the directories specified in C<$potential_libs>,
  C<$Config{libpth}>, and in C<$Config{installarchlib}/CORE>.
  For each library that is found,  a space-separated list of fully qualified
  library pathnames is generated.
  
  =item *
  
  Input library and path specifications are accepted with or without the
  C<-l> and C<-L> prefixes used by Unix linkers.
  
  An entry of the form C<-La:\foo> specifies the C<a:\foo> directory to look
  for the libraries that follow.
  
  An entry of the form C<-lfoo> specifies the library C<foo>, which may be
  spelled differently depending on what kind of compiler you are using.  If
  you are using GCC, it gets translated to C<libfoo.a>, but for other win32
  compilers, it becomes C<foo.lib>.  If no files are found by those translated
  names, one more attempt is made to find them using either C<foo.a> or
  C<libfoo.lib>, depending on whether GCC or some other win32 compiler is
  being used, respectively.
  
  If neither the C<-L> or C<-l> prefix is present in an entry, the entry is
  considered a directory to search if it is in fact a directory, and a
  library to search for otherwise.  The C<$Config{lib_ext}> suffix will
  be appended to any entries that are not directories and don't already have
  the suffix.
  
  Note that the C<-L> and C<-l> prefixes are B<not required>, but authors
  who wish their extensions to be portable to Unix or OS/2 should use the
  prefixes, since the Unix-OS/2 version of ext() requires them.
  
  =item *
  
  Entries cannot be plain object files, as many Win32 compilers will
  not handle object files in the place of libraries.
  
  =item *
  
  Entries in C<$potential_libs> beginning with a colon and followed by
  alphanumeric characters are treated as flags.  Unknown flags will be ignored.
  
  An entry that matches C</:nodefault/i> disables the appending of default
  libraries found in C<$Config{perllibs}> (this should be only needed very rarely).
  
  An entry that matches C</:nosearch/i> disables all searching for
  the libraries specified after it.  Translation of C<-Lfoo> and
  C<-lfoo> still happens as appropriate (depending on compiler being used,
  as reflected by C<$Config{cc}>), but the entries are not verified to be
  valid files or directories.
  
  An entry that matches C</:search/i> reenables searching for
  the libraries specified after it.  You can put it at the end to
  enable searching for default libraries specified by C<$Config{perllibs}>.
  
  =item *
  
  The libraries specified may be a mixture of static libraries and
  import libraries (to link with DLLs).  Since both kinds are used
  pretty transparently on the Win32 platform, we do not attempt to
  distinguish between them.
  
  =item *
  
  LDLOADLIBS and EXTRALIBS are always identical under Win32, and BSLOADLIBS
  and LD_RUN_PATH are always empty (this may change in future).
  
  =item *
  
  You must make sure that any paths and path components are properly
  surrounded with double-quotes if they contain spaces. For example,
  C<$potential_libs> could be (literally):
  
  	"-Lc:\Program Files\vc\lib" msvcrt.lib "la test\foo bar.lib"
  
  Note how the first and last entries are protected by quotes in order
  to protect the spaces.
  
  =item *
  
  Since this module is most often used only indirectly from extension
  C<Makefile.PL> files, here is an example C<Makefile.PL> entry to add
  a library to the build process for an extension:
  
          LIBS => ['-lgl']
  
  When using GCC, that entry specifies that MakeMaker should first look
  for C<libgl.a> (followed by C<gl.a>) in all the locations specified by
  C<$Config{libpth}>.
  
  When using a compiler other than GCC, the above entry will search for
  C<gl.lib> (followed by C<libgl.lib>).
  
  If the library happens to be in a location not in C<$Config{libpth}>,
  you need:
  
          LIBS => ['-Lc:\gllibs -lgl']
  
  Here is a less often used example:
  
          LIBS => ['-lgl', ':nosearch -Ld:\mesalibs -lmesa -luser32']
  
  This specifies a search for library C<gl> as before.  If that search
  fails to find the library, it looks at the next item in the list. The
  C<:nosearch> flag will prevent searching for the libraries that follow,
  so it simply returns the value as C<-Ld:\mesalibs -lmesa -luser32>,
  since GCC can use that value as is with its linker.
  
  When using the Visual C compiler, the second item is returned as
  C<-libpath:d:\mesalibs mesa.lib user32.lib>.
  
  When using the Borland compiler, the second item is returned as
  C<-Ld:\mesalibs mesa.lib user32.lib>, and MakeMaker takes care of
  moving the C<-Ld:\mesalibs> to the correct place in the linker
  command line.
  
  =back
  
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
EXTUTILS_LIBLIST

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Liblist/Kid.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_LIBLIST_KID';
  package ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid;
  
  # XXX Splitting this out into its own .pm is a temporary solution.
  
  # This kid package is to be used by MakeMaker.  It will not work if
  # $self is not a Makemaker.
  
  use 5.006;
  
  # Broken out of MakeMaker from version 4.11
  
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use Cwd 'cwd';
  use File::Basename;
  use File::Spec;
  
  sub ext {
      if    ( $^O eq 'VMS' )     { return &_vms_ext; }
      elsif ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) { return &_win32_ext; }
      else                       { return &_unix_os2_ext; }
  }
  
  sub _unix_os2_ext {
      my ( $self, $potential_libs, $verbose, $give_libs ) = @_;
      $verbose ||= 0;
  
      if ( $^O =~ /os2|android/ and $Config{perllibs} ) {
  
          # Dynamic libraries are not transitive, so we may need including
          # the libraries linked against perl.dll/libperl.so again.
  
          $potential_libs .= " " if $potential_libs;
          $potential_libs .= $Config{perllibs};
      }
      return ( "", "", "", "", ( $give_libs ? [] : () ) ) unless $potential_libs;
      warn "Potential libraries are '$potential_libs':\n" if $verbose;
  
      my ( $so ) = $Config{so};
      my ( $libs ) = defined $Config{perllibs} ? $Config{perllibs} : $Config{libs};
      my $Config_libext = $Config{lib_ext} || ".a";
      my $Config_dlext = $Config{dlext};
  
      # compute $extralibs, $bsloadlibs and $ldloadlibs from
      # $potential_libs
      # this is a rewrite of Andy Dougherty's extliblist in perl
  
      my ( @searchpath );    # from "-L/path" entries in $potential_libs
      my ( @libpath ) = split " ", $Config{'libpth'} || '';
      my ( @ldloadlibs, @bsloadlibs, @extralibs, @ld_run_path, %ld_run_path_seen );
      my ( @libs,       %libs_seen );
      my ( $fullname,   @fullname );
      my ( $pwd )   = cwd();    # from Cwd.pm
      my ( $found ) = 0;
  
      if ( $^O eq 'darwin' or $^O eq 'next' )  {
          # 'escape' Mach-O ld -framework and -F flags, so they aren't dropped later on
          $potential_libs =~ s/(^|\s)(-(?:weak_|reexport_|lazy_)?framework)\s+(\S+)/$1-Wl,$2 -Wl,$3/g;
          $potential_libs =~ s/(^|\s)(-F)\s*(\S+)/$1-Wl,$2 -Wl,$3/g;
      }
  
      foreach my $thislib ( split ' ', $potential_libs ) {
          my ( $custom_name ) = '';
  
          # Handle possible linker path arguments.
          if ( $thislib =~ s/^(-[LR]|-Wl,-R|-Wl,-rpath,)// ) {    # save path flag type
              my ( $ptype ) = $1;
              unless ( -d $thislib ) {
                  warn "$ptype$thislib ignored, directory does not exist\n"
                    if $verbose;
                  next;
              }
              my ( $rtype ) = $ptype;
              if ( ( $ptype eq '-R' ) or ( $ptype =~ m!^-Wl,-[Rr]! ) ) {
                  if ( $Config{'lddlflags'} =~ /-Wl,-[Rr]/ ) {
                      $rtype = '-Wl,-R';
                  }
                  elsif ( $Config{'lddlflags'} =~ /-R/ ) {
                      $rtype = '-R';
                  }
              }
              unless ( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $thislib ) ) {
                  warn "Warning: $ptype$thislib changed to $ptype$pwd/$thislib\n";
                  $thislib = $self->catdir( $pwd, $thislib );
              }
              push( @searchpath, $thislib );
              push( @extralibs,  "$ptype$thislib" );
              push( @ldloadlibs, "$rtype$thislib" );
              next;
          }
  
          if ( $thislib =~ m!^-Wl,! ) {
              push( @extralibs,  $thislib );
              push( @ldloadlibs, $thislib );
              next;
          }
  
          # Handle possible library arguments.
          if ( $thislib =~ s/^-l(:)?// ) {
              # Handle -l:foo.so, which means that the library will
              # actually be called foo.so, not libfoo.so.  This
              # is used in Android by ExtUtils::Depends to allow one XS
              # module to link to another.
              $custom_name = $1 || '';
          }
          else {
              warn "Unrecognized argument in LIBS ignored: '$thislib'\n";
              next;
          }
  
          my ( $found_lib ) = 0;
          foreach my $thispth ( @searchpath, @libpath ) {
  
              # Try to find the full name of the library.  We need this to
              # determine whether it's a dynamically-loadable library or not.
              # This tends to be subject to various os-specific quirks.
              # For gcc-2.6.2 on linux (March 1995), DLD can not load
              # .sa libraries, with the exception of libm.sa, so we
              # deliberately skip them.
              if ((@fullname =
                   $self->lsdir($thispth, "^\Qlib$thislib.$so.\E[0-9]+")) ||
                  (@fullname =
                   $self->lsdir($thispth, "^\Qlib$thislib.\E[0-9]+\Q\.$so"))) {
                  # Take care that libfoo.so.10 wins against libfoo.so.9.
                  # Compare two libraries to find the most recent version
                  # number.  E.g.  if you have libfoo.so.9.0.7 and
                  # libfoo.so.10.1, first convert all digits into two
                  # decimal places.  Then we'll add ".00" to the shorter
                  # strings so that we're comparing strings of equal length
                  # Thus we'll compare libfoo.so.09.07.00 with
                  # libfoo.so.10.01.00.  Some libraries might have letters
                  # in the version.  We don't know what they mean, but will
                  # try to skip them gracefully -- we'll set any letter to
                  # '0'.  Finally, sort in reverse so we can take the
                  # first element.
  
                  #TODO: iterate through the directory instead of sorting
  
                  $fullname = "$thispth/" . (
                      sort {
                          my ( $ma ) = $a;
                          my ( $mb ) = $b;
                          $ma =~ tr/A-Za-z/0/s;
                          $ma =~ s/\b(\d)\b/0$1/g;
                          $mb =~ tr/A-Za-z/0/s;
                          $mb =~ s/\b(\d)\b/0$1/g;
                          while ( length( $ma ) < length( $mb ) ) { $ma .= ".00"; }
                          while ( length( $mb ) < length( $ma ) ) { $mb .= ".00"; }
  
                          # Comparison deliberately backwards
                          $mb cmp $ma;
                        } @fullname
                  )[0];
              }
              elsif ( -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/lib$thislib.$so" )
                  && ( ( $Config{'dlsrc'} ne "dl_dld.xs" ) || ( $thislib eq "m" ) ) )
              {
              }
              elsif (-f ( $fullname = "$thispth/lib${thislib}_s$Config_libext" )
                  && ( $Config{'archname'} !~ /RM\d\d\d-svr4/ )
                  && ( $thislib .= "_s" ) )
              {    # we must explicitly use _s version
              }
              elsif ( -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/lib$thislib$Config_libext" ) ) {
              }
              elsif ( defined( $Config_dlext )
                  && -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/lib$thislib.$Config_dlext" ) )
              {
              }
              elsif ( -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/$thislib$Config_libext" ) ) {
              }
              elsif ( -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/lib$thislib.dll$Config_libext" ) ) {
              }
              elsif ( $^O eq 'cygwin' && -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/$thislib.dll" ) ) {
              }
              elsif ( -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/Slib$thislib$Config_libext" ) ) {
              }
              elsif ($^O eq 'dgux'
                  && -l ( $fullname = "$thispth/lib$thislib$Config_libext" )
                  && readlink( $fullname ) =~ /^elink:/s )
              {
  
                  # Some of DG's libraries look like misconnected symbolic
                  # links, but development tools can follow them.  (They
                  # look like this:
                  #
                  #    libm.a -> elink:${SDE_PATH:-/usr}/sde/\
                  #    ${TARGET_BINARY_INTERFACE:-m88kdgux}/usr/lib/libm.a
                  #
                  # , the compilation tools expand the environment variables.)
              }
              elsif ( $custom_name && -f ( $fullname = "$thispth/$thislib" ) ) {
              }
              else {
                  warn "$thislib not found in $thispth\n" if $verbose;
                  next;
              }
              warn "'-l$thislib' found at $fullname\n" if $verbose;
              push @libs, $fullname unless $libs_seen{$fullname}++;
              $found++;
              $found_lib++;
  
              # Now update library lists
  
              # what do we know about this library...
              my $is_dyna = ( $fullname !~ /\Q$Config_libext\E\z/ );
              my $in_perl = ( $libs =~ /\B-l:?\Q${thislib}\E\b/s );
  
              # include the path to the lib once in the dynamic linker path
              # but only if it is a dynamic lib and not in Perl itself
              my ( $fullnamedir ) = dirname( $fullname );
              push @ld_run_path, $fullnamedir
                if $is_dyna
                    && !$in_perl
                    && !$ld_run_path_seen{$fullnamedir}++;
  
              # Do not add it into the list if it is already linked in
              # with the main perl executable.
              # We have to special-case the NeXT, because math and ndbm
              # are both in libsys_s
              unless (
                  $in_perl
                  || ( $Config{'osname'} eq 'next'
                      && ( $thislib eq 'm' || $thislib eq 'ndbm' ) )
                )
              {
                  push( @extralibs, "-l$custom_name$thislib" );
              }
  
              # We might be able to load this archive file dynamically
              if (   ( $Config{'dlsrc'} =~ /dl_next/ && $Config{'osvers'} lt '4_0' )
                  || ( $Config{'dlsrc'} =~ /dl_dld/ ) )
              {
  
                  # We push -l$thislib instead of $fullname because
                  # it avoids hardwiring a fixed path into the .bs file.
                  # Mkbootstrap will automatically add dl_findfile() to
                  # the .bs file if it sees a name in the -l format.
                  # USE THIS, when dl_findfile() is fixed:
                  # push(@bsloadlibs, "-l$thislib");
                  # OLD USE WAS while checking results against old_extliblist
                  push( @bsloadlibs, "$fullname" );
              }
              else {
                  if ( $is_dyna ) {
  
                      # For SunOS4, do not add in this shared library if
                      # it is already linked in the main perl executable
                      push( @ldloadlibs, "-l$custom_name$thislib" )
                        unless ( $in_perl and $^O eq 'sunos' );
                  }
                  else {
                      push( @ldloadlibs, "-l$custom_name$thislib" );
                  }
              }
              last;    # found one here so don't bother looking further
          }
          warn "Warning (mostly harmless): " . "No library found for -l$thislib\n"
            unless $found_lib > 0;
      }
  
      unless ( $found ) {
          return ( '', '', '', '', ( $give_libs ? \@libs : () ) );
      }
      else {
          return ( "@extralibs", "@bsloadlibs", "@ldloadlibs", join( ":", @ld_run_path ), ( $give_libs ? \@libs : () ) );
      }
  }
  
  sub _win32_ext {
  
      require Text::ParseWords;
  
      my ( $self, $potential_libs, $verbose, $give_libs ) = @_;
      $verbose ||= 0;
  
      # If user did not supply a list, we punt.
      # (caller should probably use the list in $Config{libs})
      return ( "", "", "", "", ( $give_libs ? [] : () ) ) unless $potential_libs;
  
      # TODO: make this use MM_Win32.pm's compiler detection
      my %libs_seen;
      my @extralibs;
      my $cc = $Config{cc} || '';
      my $VC = $cc =~ /\bcl\b/i;
      my $GC = $cc =~ /\bgcc\b/i;
  
      my $libext     = _win32_lib_extensions();
      my @searchpath = ( '' );                                    # from "-L/path" entries in $potential_libs
      my @libpath    = _win32_default_search_paths( $VC, $GC );
      my $pwd        = cwd();                                     # from Cwd.pm
      my $search     = 1;
  
      # compute @extralibs from $potential_libs
      my @lib_search_list = _win32_make_lib_search_list( $potential_libs, $verbose );
      for ( @lib_search_list ) {
  
          my $thislib = $_;
  
          # see if entry is a flag
          if ( /^:\w+$/ ) {
              $search = 0 if lc eq ':nosearch';
              $search = 1 if lc eq ':search';
              _debug( "Ignoring unknown flag '$thislib'\n", $verbose ) if !/^:(no)?(search|default)$/i;
              next;
          }
  
          # if searching is disabled, do compiler-specific translations
          unless ( $search ) {
              s/^-l(.+)$/$1.lib/ unless $GC;
              s/^-L/-libpath:/ if $VC;
              push( @extralibs, $_ );
              next;
          }
  
          # handle possible linker path arguments
          if ( s/^-L// and not -d ) {
              _debug( "$thislib ignored, directory does not exist\n", $verbose );
              next;
          }
          elsif ( -d ) {
              unless ( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $_ ) ) {
                  warn "Warning: '$thislib' changed to '-L$pwd/$_'\n";
                  $_ = $self->catdir( $pwd, $_ );
              }
              push( @searchpath, $_ );
              next;
          }
  
          my @paths = ( @searchpath, @libpath );
          my ( $fullname, $path ) = _win32_search_file( $thislib, $libext, \@paths, $verbose, $GC );
  
          if ( !$fullname ) {
              warn "Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for $thislib\n";
              next;
          }
  
          _debug( "'$thislib' found as '$fullname'\n", $verbose );
          push( @extralibs, $fullname );
          $libs_seen{$fullname} = 1 if $path;    # why is this a special case?
      }
  
      my @libs = sort keys %libs_seen;
  
      return ( '', '', '', '', ( $give_libs ? \@libs : () ) ) unless @extralibs;
  
      # make sure paths with spaces are properly quoted
      @extralibs = map { qq["$_"] } @extralibs;
      @libs      = map { qq["$_"] } @libs;
  
      my $lib = join( ' ', @extralibs );
  
      # normalize back to backward slashes (to help braindead tools)
      # XXX this may break equally braindead GNU tools that don't understand
      # backslashes, either.  Seems like one can't win here.  Cursed be CP/M.
      $lib =~ s,/,\\,g;
  
      _debug( "Result: $lib\n", $verbose );
      wantarray ? ( $lib, '', $lib, '', ( $give_libs ? \@libs : () ) ) : $lib;
  }
  
  sub _win32_make_lib_search_list {
      my ( $potential_libs, $verbose ) = @_;
  
      # If Config.pm defines a set of default libs, we always
      # tack them on to the user-supplied list, unless the user
      # specified :nodefault
      my $libs = $Config{'perllibs'};
      $potential_libs = join( ' ', $potential_libs, $libs ) if $libs and $potential_libs !~ /:nodefault/i;
      _debug( "Potential libraries are '$potential_libs':\n", $verbose );
  
      $potential_libs =~ s,\\,/,g;    # normalize to forward slashes
  
      my @list = Text::ParseWords::quotewords( '\s+', 0, $potential_libs );
  
      return @list;
  }
  
  sub _win32_default_search_paths {
      my ( $VC, $GC ) = @_;
  
      my $libpth = $Config{'libpth'} || '';
      $libpth =~ s,\\,/,g;            # normalize to forward slashes
  
      my @libpath = Text::ParseWords::quotewords( '\s+', 0, $libpth );
      push @libpath, "$Config{installarchlib}/CORE";    # add "$Config{installarchlib}/CORE" to default search path
  
      push @libpath, split /;/, $ENV{LIB}          if $VC and $ENV{LIB};
      push @libpath, split /;/, $ENV{LIBRARY_PATH} if $GC and $ENV{LIBRARY_PATH};
  
      return @libpath;
  }
  
  sub _win32_search_file {
      my ( $thislib, $libext, $paths, $verbose, $GC ) = @_;
  
      my @file_list = _win32_build_file_list( $thislib, $GC, $libext );
  
      for my $lib_file ( @file_list ) {
          for my $path ( @{$paths} ) {
              my $fullname = $lib_file;
              $fullname = "$path\\$fullname" if $path;
  
              return ( $fullname, $path ) if -f $fullname;
  
              _debug( "'$thislib' not found as '$fullname'\n", $verbose );
          }
      }
  
      return;
  }
  
  sub _win32_build_file_list {
      my ( $lib, $GC, $extensions ) = @_;
  
      my @pre_fixed = _win32_build_prefixed_list( $lib, $GC );
      return map _win32_attach_extensions( $_, $extensions ), @pre_fixed;
  }
  
  sub _win32_build_prefixed_list {
      my ( $lib, $GC ) = @_;
  
      return $lib if $lib !~ s/^-l//;
      return $lib if $lib =~ /^lib/ and !$GC;
  
      ( my $no_prefix = $lib ) =~ s/^lib//i;
      $lib = "lib$lib" if $no_prefix eq $lib;
  
      return ( $lib, $no_prefix ) if $GC;
      return ( $no_prefix, $lib );
  }
  
  sub _win32_attach_extensions {
      my ( $lib, $extensions ) = @_;
      return map _win32_try_attach_extension( $lib, $_ ), @{$extensions};
  }
  
  sub _win32_try_attach_extension {
      my ( $lib, $extension ) = @_;
  
      return $lib if $lib =~ /\Q$extension\E$/i;
      return "$lib$extension";
  }
  
  sub _win32_lib_extensions {
      my @extensions;
      push @extensions, $Config{'lib_ext'} if $Config{'lib_ext'};
      push @extensions, '.dll.a' if grep { m!^\.a$! } @extensions;
      push @extensions, '.lib' unless grep { m!^\.lib$! } @extensions;
      return \@extensions;
  }
  
  sub _debug {
      my ( $message, $verbose ) = @_;
      return if !$verbose;
      warn $message;
      return;
  }
  
  sub _vms_ext {
      my ( $self, $potential_libs, $verbose, $give_libs ) = @_;
      $verbose ||= 0;
  
      my ( @crtls, $crtlstr );
      @crtls = ( ( $Config{'ldflags'} =~ m-/Debug-i ? $Config{'dbgprefix'} : '' ) . 'PerlShr/Share' );
      push( @crtls, grep { not /\(/ } split /\s+/, $Config{'perllibs'} );
      push( @crtls, grep { not /\(/ } split /\s+/, $Config{'libc'} );
  
      # In general, we pass through the basic libraries from %Config unchanged.
      # The one exception is that if we're building in the Perl source tree, and
      # a library spec could be resolved via a logical name, we go to some trouble
      # to insure that the copy in the local tree is used, rather than one to
      # which a system-wide logical may point.
      if ( $self->{PERL_SRC} ) {
          my ( $locspec, $type );
          foreach my $lib ( @crtls ) {
              if ( ( $locspec, $type ) = $lib =~ m{^([\w\$-]+)(/\w+)?} and $locspec =~ /perl/i ) {
                  if    ( lc $type eq '/share' )   { $locspec .= $Config{'exe_ext'}; }
                  elsif ( lc $type eq '/library' ) { $locspec .= $Config{'lib_ext'}; }
                  else                             { $locspec .= $Config{'obj_ext'}; }
                  $locspec = $self->catfile( $self->{PERL_SRC}, $locspec );
                  $lib = "$locspec$type" if -e $locspec;
              }
          }
      }
      $crtlstr = @crtls ? join( ' ', @crtls ) : '';
  
      unless ( $potential_libs ) {
          warn "Result:\n\tEXTRALIBS: \n\tLDLOADLIBS: $crtlstr\n" if $verbose;
          return ( '', '', $crtlstr, '', ( $give_libs ? [] : () ) );
      }
  
      my ( %found, @fndlibs, $ldlib );
      my $cwd = cwd();
      my ( $so, $lib_ext, $obj_ext ) = @Config{ 'so', 'lib_ext', 'obj_ext' };
  
      # List of common Unix library names and their VMS equivalents
      # (VMS equivalent of '' indicates that the library is automatically
      # searched by the linker, and should be skipped here.)
      my ( @flibs, %libs_seen );
      my %libmap = (
          'm'      => '',
          'f77'    => '',
          'F77'    => '',
          'V77'    => '',
          'c'      => '',
          'malloc' => '',
          'crypt'  => '',
          'resolv' => '',
          'c_s'    => '',
          'socket' => '',
          'X11'    => 'DECW$XLIBSHR',
          'Xt'     => 'DECW$XTSHR',
          'Xm'     => 'DECW$XMLIBSHR',
          'Xmu'    => 'DECW$XMULIBSHR'
      );
  
      warn "Potential libraries are '$potential_libs'\n" if $verbose;
  
      # First, sort out directories and library names in the input
      my ( @dirs, @libs );
      foreach my $lib ( split ' ', $potential_libs ) {
          push( @dirs, $1 ),   next if $lib =~ /^-L(.*)/;
          push( @dirs, $lib ), next if $lib =~ /[:>\]]$/;
          push( @dirs, $lib ), next if -d $lib;
          push( @libs, $1 ),   next if $lib =~ /^-l(.*)/;
          push( @libs, $lib );
      }
      push( @dirs, split( ' ', $Config{'libpth'} ) );
  
      # Now make sure we've got VMS-syntax absolute directory specs
      # (We don't, however, check whether someone's hidden a relative
      # path in a logical name.)
      foreach my $dir ( @dirs ) {
          unless ( -d $dir ) {
              warn "Skipping nonexistent Directory $dir\n" if $verbose > 1;
              $dir = '';
              next;
          }
          warn "Resolving directory $dir\n" if $verbose;
          if ( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute( $dir ) ) {
              $dir = VMS::Filespec::vmspath( $dir );
          }
          else {
              $dir = $self->catdir( $cwd, $dir );
          }
      }
      @dirs = grep { length( $_ ) } @dirs;
      unshift( @dirs, '' );    # Check each $lib without additions first
  
    LIB: foreach my $lib ( @libs ) {
          if ( exists $libmap{$lib} ) {
              next unless length $libmap{$lib};
              $lib = $libmap{$lib};
          }
  
          my ( @variants, $cand );
          my ( $ctype ) = '';
  
          # If we don't have a file type, consider it a possibly abbreviated name and
          # check for common variants.  We try these first to grab libraries before
          # a like-named executable image (e.g. -lperl resolves to perlshr.exe
          # before perl.exe).
          if ( $lib !~ /\.[^:>\]]*$/ ) {
              push( @variants, "${lib}shr", "${lib}rtl", "${lib}lib" );
              push( @variants, "lib$lib" ) if $lib !~ /[:>\]]/;
          }
          push( @variants, $lib );
          warn "Looking for $lib\n" if $verbose;
          foreach my $variant ( @variants ) {
              my ( $fullname, $name );
  
              foreach my $dir ( @dirs ) {
                  my ( $type );
  
                  $name = "$dir$variant";
                  warn "\tChecking $name\n" if $verbose > 2;
                  $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name );
                  if ( defined $fullname and -f $fullname ) {
  
                      # It's got its own suffix, so we'll have to figure out the type
                      if    ( $fullname =~ /(?:$so|exe)$/i )      { $type = 'SHR'; }
                      elsif ( $fullname =~ /(?:$lib_ext|olb)$/i ) { $type = 'OLB'; }
                      elsif ( $fullname =~ /(?:$obj_ext|obj)$/i ) {
                          warn "Warning (mostly harmless): " . "Plain object file $fullname found in library list\n";
                          $type = 'OBJ';
                      }
                      else {
                          warn "Warning (mostly harmless): " . "Unknown library type for $fullname; assuming shared\n";
                          $type = 'SHR';
                      }
                  }
                  elsif (-f ( $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name, $so ) )
                      or -f ( $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name, '.exe' ) ) )
                  {
                      $type = 'SHR';
                      $name = $fullname unless $fullname =~ /exe;?\d*$/i;
                  }
                  elsif (
                      not length( $ctype ) and    # If we've got a lib already,
                                                  # don't bother
                      ( -f ( $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name, $lib_ext ) ) or -f ( $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name, '.olb' ) ) )
                    )
                  {
                      $type = 'OLB';
                      $name = $fullname unless $fullname =~ /olb;?\d*$/i;
                  }
                  elsif (
                      not length( $ctype ) and    # If we've got a lib already,
                                                  # don't bother
                      ( -f ( $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name, $obj_ext ) ) or -f ( $fullname = VMS::Filespec::rmsexpand( $name, '.obj' ) ) )
                    )
                  {
                      warn "Warning (mostly harmless): " . "Plain object file $fullname found in library list\n";
                      $type = 'OBJ';
                      $name = $fullname unless $fullname =~ /obj;?\d*$/i;
                  }
                  if ( defined $type ) {
                      $ctype = $type;
                      $cand  = $name;
                      last if $ctype eq 'SHR';
                  }
              }
              if ( $ctype ) {
  
                  push @{ $found{$ctype} }, $cand;
                  warn "\tFound as $cand (really $fullname), type $ctype\n"
                    if $verbose > 1;
                  push @flibs, $name unless $libs_seen{$fullname}++;
                  next LIB;
              }
          }
          warn "Warning (mostly harmless): " . "No library found for $lib\n";
      }
  
      push @fndlibs, @{ $found{OBJ} } if exists $found{OBJ};
      push @fndlibs, map { "$_/Library" } @{ $found{OLB} } if exists $found{OLB};
      push @fndlibs, map { "$_/Share" } @{ $found{SHR} }   if exists $found{SHR};
      my $lib = join( ' ', @fndlibs );
  
      $ldlib = $crtlstr ? "$lib $crtlstr" : $lib;
      $ldlib =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
      warn "Result:\n\tEXTRALIBS: $lib\n\tLDLOADLIBS: $ldlib\n" if $verbose;
      wantarray ? ( $lib, '', $ldlib, '', ( $give_libs ? \@flibs : () ) ) : $lib;
  }
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_LIBLIST_KID

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM';
  package ExtUtils::MM;
  
  use strict;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::Liblist;
  require ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::Liblist ExtUtils::MakeMaker);
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    require ExtUtils::MM;
    my $mm = MM->new(...);
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  B<FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY>
  
  ExtUtils::MM is a subclass of ExtUtils::MakeMaker which automatically
  chooses the appropriate OS specific subclass for you
  (ie. ExtUils::MM_Unix, etc...).
  
  It also provides a convenient alias via the MM class (I didn't want
  MakeMaker modules outside of ExtUtils/).
  
  This class might turn out to be a temporary solution, but MM won't go
  away.
  
  =cut
  
  {
      # Convenient alias.
      package MM;
      our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM);
      sub DESTROY {}
  }
  
  sub _is_win95 {
      # miniperl might not have the Win32 functions available and we need
      # to run in miniperl.
      my $have_win32 = eval { require Win32 };
      return $have_win32 && defined &Win32::IsWin95 ? Win32::IsWin95()
                                                    : ! defined $ENV{SYSTEMROOT};
  }
  
  my %Is = ();
  $Is{VMS}    = $^O eq 'VMS';
  $Is{OS2}    = $^O eq 'os2';
  $Is{MacOS}  = $^O eq 'MacOS';
  if( $^O eq 'MSWin32' ) {
      _is_win95() ? $Is{Win95} = 1 : $Is{Win32} = 1;
  }
  $Is{UWIN}   = $^O =~ /^uwin(-nt)?$/;
  $Is{Cygwin} = $^O eq 'cygwin';
  $Is{NW5}    = $Config{osname} eq 'NetWare';  # intentional
  $Is{BeOS}   = ($^O =~ /beos/i or $^O eq 'haiku');
  $Is{DOS}    = $^O eq 'dos';
  if( $Is{NW5} ) {
      $^O = 'NetWare';
      delete $Is{Win32};
  }
  $Is{VOS}    = $^O eq 'vos';
  $Is{QNX}    = $^O eq 'qnx';
  $Is{AIX}    = $^O eq 'aix';
  $Is{Darwin} = $^O eq 'darwin';
  
  $Is{Unix}   = !grep { $_ } values %Is;
  
  map { delete $Is{$_} unless $Is{$_} } keys %Is;
  _assert( keys %Is == 1 );
  my($OS) = keys %Is;
  
  
  my $class = "ExtUtils::MM_$OS";
  eval "require $class" unless $INC{"ExtUtils/MM_$OS.pm"}; ## no critic
  die $@ if $@;
  unshift @ISA, $class;
  
  
  sub _assert {
      my $sanity = shift;
      die sprintf "Assert failed at %s line %d\n", (caller)[1,2] unless $sanity;
      return;
  }
EXTUTILS_MM

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_AIX.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_AIX';
  package ExtUtils::MM_AIX;
  
  use strict;
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Unix);
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    Don't use this module directly.
    Use ExtUtils::MM and let it choose.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix which contains functionality for
  AIX.
  
  Unless otherwise stated it works just like ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  =head3 dlsyms
  
  Define DL_FUNCS and DL_VARS and write the *.exp files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dlsyms {
      my($self,%attribs) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking;
      join "\n", $self->xs_dlsyms_iterator(\%attribs);
  }
  
  =head3 xs_dlsyms_ext
  
  On AIX, is C<.exp>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_ext {
      '.exp';
  }
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_arg {
      my($self, $file) = @_;
      return qq{-bE:${file}};
  }
  
  sub init_others {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->SUPER::init_others;
      # perl "hints" add -bE:$(BASEEXT).exp to LDDLFLAGS. strip that out
      # so right value can be added by xs_make_dynamic_lib to work for XSMULTI
      $self->{LDDLFLAGS} ||= $Config{lddlflags};
      $self->{LDDLFLAGS} =~ s#(\s*)\S*\Q$(BASEEXT)\E\S*(\s*)#$1$2#;
      return;
  }
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_AIX

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_Any.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_ANY';
  package ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  
  use strict;
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  use Carp;
  use File::Spec;
  use File::Basename;
  BEGIN { our @ISA = qw(File::Spec); }
  
  # We need $Verbose
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw($Verbose neatvalue _sprintf562);
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  
  
  # So we don't have to keep calling the methods over and over again,
  # we have these globals to cache the values.  Faster and shrtr.
  my $Curdir  = __PACKAGE__->curdir;
  #my $Updir   = __PACKAGE__->updir;
  
  my $METASPEC_URL = 'https://metacpan.org/pod/CPAN::Meta::Spec';
  my $METASPEC_V = 2;
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!
  
    package ExtUtils::MM_SomeOS;
  
    # Temporarily, you have to subclass both.  Put MM_Any first.
    require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
    require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
    @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::Unix);
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  B<FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!>
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Any is a superclass for the ExtUtils::MM_* set of
  modules.  It contains methods which are either inherently
  cross-platform or are written in a cross-platform manner.
  
  Subclass off of ExtUtils::MM_Any I<and> ExtUtils::MM_Unix.  This is a
  temporary solution.
  
  B<THIS MAY BE TEMPORARY!>
  
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  Any methods marked I<Abstract> must be implemented by subclasses.
  
  
  =head2 Cross-platform helper methods
  
  These are methods which help writing cross-platform code.
  
  
  
  =head3 os_flavor  I<Abstract>
  
      my @os_flavor = $mm->os_flavor;
  
  @os_flavor is the style of operating system this is, usually
  corresponding to the MM_*.pm file we're using.
  
  The first element of @os_flavor is the major family (ie. Unix,
  Windows, VMS, OS/2, etc...) and the rest are sub families.
  
  Some examples:
  
      Cygwin98       ('Unix',  'Cygwin', 'Cygwin9x')
      Windows        ('Win32')
      Win98          ('Win32', 'Win9x')
      Linux          ('Unix',  'Linux')
      MacOS X        ('Unix',  'Darwin', 'MacOS', 'MacOS X')
      OS/2           ('OS/2')
  
  This is used to write code for styles of operating system.
  See os_flavor_is() for use.
  
  
  =head3 os_flavor_is
  
      my $is_this_flavor = $mm->os_flavor_is($this_flavor);
      my $is_this_flavor = $mm->os_flavor_is(@one_of_these_flavors);
  
  Checks to see if the current operating system is one of the given flavors.
  
  This is useful for code like:
  
      if( $mm->os_flavor_is('Unix') ) {
          $out = `foo 2>&1`;
      }
      else {
          $out = `foo`;
      }
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor_is {
      my $self = shift;
      my %flavors = map { ($_ => 1) } $self->os_flavor;
      return (grep { $flavors{$_} } @_) ? 1 : 0;
  }
  
  
  =head3 can_load_xs
  
      my $can_load_xs = $self->can_load_xs;
  
  Returns true if we have the ability to load XS.
  
  This is important because miniperl, used to build XS modules in the
  core, can not load XS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub can_load_xs {
      return defined &DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader ? 1 : 0;
  }
  
  
  =head3 can_run
  
    use ExtUtils::MM;
    my $runnable = MM->can_run($Config{make});
  
  If called in a scalar context it will return the full path to the binary
  you asked for if it was found, or C<undef> if it was not.
  
  If called in a list context, it will return a list of the full paths to instances
  of the binary where found in C<PATH>, or an empty list if it was not found.
  
  Copied from L<IPC::Cmd|IPC::Cmd/"$path = can_run( PROGRAM );">, but modified into
  a method (and removed C<$INSTANCES> capability).
  
  =cut
  
  sub can_run {
      my ($self, $command) = @_;
  
      # a lot of VMS executables have a symbol defined
      # check those first
      if ( $^O eq 'VMS' ) {
          require VMS::DCLsym;
          my $syms = VMS::DCLsym->new;
          return $command if scalar $syms->getsym( uc $command );
      }
  
      my @possibles;
  
      if( File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($command) ) {
          return $self->maybe_command($command);
  
      } else {
          for my $dir (
              File::Spec->path,
              File::Spec->curdir
          ) {
              next if ! $dir || ! -d $dir;
              my $abs = File::Spec->catfile($self->os_flavor_is('Win32') ? Win32::GetShortPathName( $dir ) : $dir, $command);
              push @possibles, $abs if $abs = $self->maybe_command($abs);
          }
      }
      return @possibles if wantarray;
      return shift @possibles;
  }
  
  
  =head3 can_redirect_error
  
    $useredirect = MM->can_redirect_error;
  
  True if on an OS where qx operator (or backticks) can redirect C<STDERR>
  onto C<STDOUT>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub can_redirect_error {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->os_flavor_is('Unix')
        or ($self->os_flavor_is('Win32') and !$self->os_flavor_is('Win9x'))
        or $self->os_flavor_is('OS/2')
  }
  
  
  =head3 is_make_type
  
      my $is_dmake = $self->is_make_type('dmake');
  
  Returns true if C<<$self->make>> is the given type; possibilities are:
  
    gmake    GNU make
    dmake
    nmake
    bsdmake  BSD pmake-derived
  
  =cut
  
  my %maketype2true;
  # undocumented - so t/cd.t can still do its thing
  sub _clear_maketype_cache { %maketype2true = () }
  
  sub is_make_type {
      my($self, $type) = @_;
      return $maketype2true{$type} if defined $maketype2true{$type};
      (undef, undef, my $make_basename) = $self->splitpath($self->make);
      return $maketype2true{$type} = 1
          if $make_basename =~ /\b$type\b/i; # executable's filename
      return $maketype2true{$type} = 0
          if $make_basename =~ /\b[gdn]make\b/i; # Never fall through for dmake/nmake/gmake
      # now have to run with "-v" and guess
      my $redirect = $self->can_redirect_error ? '2>&1' : '';
      my $make = $self->make || $self->{MAKE};
      my $minus_v = `"$make" -v $redirect`;
      return $maketype2true{$type} = 1
          if $type eq 'gmake' and $minus_v =~ /GNU make/i;
      return $maketype2true{$type} = 1
          if $type eq 'bsdmake'
        and $minus_v =~ /^usage: make \[-BeikNnqrstWwX\]/im;
      $maketype2true{$type} = 0; # it wasn't whatever you asked
  }
  
  
  =head3 can_dep_space
  
      my $can_dep_space = $self->can_dep_space;
  
  Returns true if C<make> can handle (probably by quoting)
  dependencies that contain a space. Currently known true for GNU make,
  false for BSD pmake derivative.
  
  =cut
  
  my $cached_dep_space;
  sub can_dep_space {
      my $self = shift;
      return $cached_dep_space if defined $cached_dep_space;
      return $cached_dep_space = 1 if $self->is_make_type('gmake');
      return $cached_dep_space = 0 if $self->is_make_type('dmake'); # only on W32
      return $cached_dep_space = 0 if $self->is_make_type('bsdmake');
      return $cached_dep_space = 0; # assume no
  }
  
  
  =head3 quote_dep
  
    $text = $mm->quote_dep($text);
  
  Method that protects Makefile single-value constants (mainly filenames),
  so that make will still treat them as single values even if they
  inconveniently have spaces in. If the make program being used cannot
  achieve such protection and the given text would need it, throws an
  exception.
  
  =cut
  
  sub quote_dep {
      my ($self, $arg) = @_;
      die <<EOF if $arg =~ / / and not $self->can_dep_space;
  Tried to use make dependency with space for make that can't:
    '$arg'
  EOF
      $arg =~ s/( )/\\$1/g; # how GNU make does it
      return $arg;
  }
  
  
  =head3 split_command
  
      my @cmds = $MM->split_command($cmd, @args);
  
  Most OS have a maximum command length they can execute at once.  Large
  modules can easily generate commands well past that limit.  Its
  necessary to split long commands up into a series of shorter commands.
  
  C<split_command> will return a series of @cmds each processing part of
  the args.  Collectively they will process all the arguments.  Each
  individual line in @cmds will not be longer than the
  $self->max_exec_len being careful to take into account macro expansion.
  
  $cmd should include any switches and repeated initial arguments.
  
  If no @args are given, no @cmds will be returned.
  
  Pairs of arguments will always be preserved in a single command, this
  is a heuristic for things like pm_to_blib and pod2man which work on
  pairs of arguments.  This makes things like this safe:
  
      $self->split_command($cmd, %pod2man);
  
  
  =cut
  
  sub split_command {
      my($self, $cmd, @args) = @_;
  
      my @cmds = ();
      return(@cmds) unless @args;
  
      # If the command was given as a here-doc, there's probably a trailing
      # newline.
      chomp $cmd;
  
      # set aside 30% for macro expansion.
      my $len_left = int($self->max_exec_len * 0.70);
      $len_left -= length $self->_expand_macros($cmd);
  
      do {
          my $arg_str = '';
          my @next_args;
          while( @next_args = splice(@args, 0, 2) ) {
              # Two at a time to preserve pairs.
              my $next_arg_str = "\t  ". join ' ', @next_args, "\n";
  
              if( !length $arg_str ) {
                  $arg_str .= $next_arg_str
              }
              elsif( length($arg_str) + length($next_arg_str) > $len_left ) {
                  unshift @args, @next_args;
                  last;
              }
              else {
                  $arg_str .= $next_arg_str;
              }
          }
          chop $arg_str;
  
          push @cmds, $self->escape_newlines("$cmd \n$arg_str");
      } while @args;
  
      return @cmds;
  }
  
  
  sub _expand_macros {
      my($self, $cmd) = @_;
  
      $cmd =~ s{\$\((\w+)\)}{
          defined $self->{$1} ? $self->{$1} : "\$($1)"
      }e;
      return $cmd;
  }
  
  
  =head3 make_type
  
  Returns a suitable string describing the type of makefile being written.
  
  =cut
  
  # override if this isn't suitable!
  sub make_type { return 'Unix-style'; }
  
  
  =head3 stashmeta
  
      my @recipelines = $MM->stashmeta($text, $file);
  
  Generates a set of C<@recipelines> which will result in the literal
  C<$text> ending up in literal C<$file> when the recipe is executed. Call
  it once, with all the text you want in C<$file>. Make macros will not
  be expanded, so the locations will be fixed at configure-time, not
  at build-time.
  
  =cut
  
  sub stashmeta {
      my($self, $text, $file) = @_;
      $self->echo($text, $file, { allow_variables => 0, append => 0 });
  }
  
  
  =head3 echo
  
      my @commands = $MM->echo($text);
      my @commands = $MM->echo($text, $file);
      my @commands = $MM->echo($text, $file, \%opts);
  
  Generates a set of @commands which print the $text to a $file.
  
  If $file is not given, output goes to STDOUT.
  
  If $opts{append} is true the $file will be appended to rather than
  overwritten.  Default is to overwrite.
  
  If $opts{allow_variables} is true, make variables of the form
  C<$(...)> will not be escaped.  Other C<$> will.  Default is to escape
  all C<$>.
  
  Example of use:
  
      my $make = join '', map "\t$_\n", $MM->echo($text, $file);
  
  =cut
  
  sub echo {
      my($self, $text, $file, $opts) = @_;
  
      # Compatibility with old options
      if( !ref $opts ) {
          my $append = $opts;
          $opts = { append => $append || 0 };
      }
      $opts->{allow_variables} = 0 unless defined $opts->{allow_variables};
  
      my $ql_opts = { allow_variables => $opts->{allow_variables} };
      my @cmds = map { '$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) '.$self->quote_literal($_, $ql_opts) }
                 split /\n/, $text;
      if( $file ) {
          my $redirect = $opts->{append} ? '>>' : '>';
          $cmds[0] .= " $redirect $file";
          $_ .= " >> $file" foreach @cmds[1..$#cmds];
      }
  
      return @cmds;
  }
  
  
  =head3 wraplist
  
    my $args = $mm->wraplist(@list);
  
  Takes an array of items and turns them into a well-formatted list of
  arguments.  In most cases this is simply something like:
  
      FOO \
      BAR \
      BAZ
  
  =cut
  
  sub wraplist {
      my $self = shift;
      return join " \\\n\t", @_;
  }
  
  
  =head3 maketext_filter
  
      my $filter_make_text = $mm->maketext_filter($make_text);
  
  The text of the Makefile is run through this method before writing to
  disk.  It allows systems a chance to make portability fixes to the
  Makefile.
  
  By default it does nothing.
  
  This method is protected and not intended to be called outside of
  MakeMaker.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maketext_filter { return $_[1] }
  
  
  =head3 cd  I<Abstract>
  
    my $subdir_cmd = $MM->cd($subdir, @cmds);
  
  This will generate a make fragment which runs the @cmds in the given
  $dir.  The rough equivalent to this, except cross platform.
  
    cd $subdir && $cmd
  
  Currently $dir can only go down one level.  "foo" is fine.  "foo/bar" is
  not.  "../foo" is right out.
  
  The resulting $subdir_cmd has no leading tab nor trailing newline.  This
  makes it easier to embed in a make string.  For example.
  
        my $make = sprintf <<'CODE', $subdir_cmd;
    foo :
        $(ECHO) what
        %s
        $(ECHO) mouche
    CODE
  
  
  =head3 oneliner  I<Abstract>
  
    my $oneliner = $MM->oneliner($perl_code);
    my $oneliner = $MM->oneliner($perl_code, \@switches);
  
  This will generate a perl one-liner safe for the particular platform
  you're on based on the given $perl_code and @switches (a -e is
  assumed) suitable for using in a make target.  It will use the proper
  shell quoting and escapes.
  
  $(PERLRUN) will be used as perl.
  
  Any newlines in $perl_code will be escaped.  Leading and trailing
  newlines will be stripped.  Makes this idiom much easier:
  
      my $code = $MM->oneliner(<<'CODE', [...switches...]);
  some code here
  another line here
  CODE
  
  Usage might be something like:
  
      # an echo emulation
      $oneliner = $MM->oneliner('print "Foo\n"');
      $make = '$oneliner > somefile';
  
  Dollar signs in the $perl_code will be protected from make using the
  C<quote_literal> method, unless they are recognised as being a make
  variable, C<$(varname)>, in which case they will be left for make
  to expand. Remember to quote make macros else it might be used as a
  bareword. For example:
  
      # Assign the value of the $(VERSION_FROM) make macro to $vf.
      $oneliner = $MM->oneliner('$vf = "$(VERSION_FROM)"');
  
  Its currently very simple and may be expanded sometime in the figure
  to include more flexible code and switches.
  
  
  =head3 quote_literal  I<Abstract>
  
      my $safe_text = $MM->quote_literal($text);
      my $safe_text = $MM->quote_literal($text, \%options);
  
  This will quote $text so it is interpreted literally in the shell.
  
  For example, on Unix this would escape any single-quotes in $text and
  put single-quotes around the whole thing.
  
  If $options{allow_variables} is true it will leave C<'$(FOO)'> make
  variables untouched.  If false they will be escaped like any other
  C<$>.  Defaults to true.
  
  =head3 escape_dollarsigns
  
      my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_dollarsigns($text);
  
  Escapes stray C<$> so they are not interpreted as make variables.
  
  It lets by C<$(...)>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub escape_dollarsigns {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      # Escape dollar signs which are not starting a variable
      $text =~ s{\$ (?!\() }{\$\$}gx;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  
  =head3 escape_all_dollarsigns
  
      my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_all_dollarsigns($text);
  
  Escapes all C<$> so they are not interpreted as make variables.
  
  =cut
  
  sub escape_all_dollarsigns {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      # Escape dollar signs
      $text =~ s{\$}{\$\$}gx;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  
  =head3 escape_newlines  I<Abstract>
  
      my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_newlines($text);
  
  Shell escapes newlines in $text.
  
  
  =head3 max_exec_len  I<Abstract>
  
      my $max_exec_len = $MM->max_exec_len;
  
  Calculates the maximum command size the OS can exec.  Effectively,
  this is the max size of a shell command line.
  
  =for _private
  $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} is set by this method, but only for testing purposes.
  
  
  =head3 make
  
      my $make = $MM->make;
  
  Returns the make variant we're generating the Makefile for.  This attempts
  to do some normalization on the information from %Config or the user.
  
  =cut
  
  sub make {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $make = lc $self->{MAKE};
  
      # Truncate anything like foomake6 to just foomake.
      $make =~ s/^(\w+make).*/$1/;
  
      # Turn gnumake into gmake.
      $make =~ s/^gnu/g/;
  
      return $make;
  }
  
  
  =head2 Targets
  
  These are methods which produce make targets.
  
  
  =head3 all_target
  
  Generate the default target 'all'.
  
  =cut
  
  sub all_target {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_EXT';
  all :: pure_all
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  MAKE_EXT
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 blibdirs_target
  
      my $make_frag = $mm->blibdirs_target;
  
  Creates the blibdirs target which creates all the directories we use
  in blib/.
  
  The blibdirs.ts target is deprecated.  Depend on blibdirs instead.
  
  
  =cut
  
  sub _xs_list_basenames {
      my ($self) = @_;
      map { (my $b = $_) =~ s/\.xs$//; $b } sort keys %{ $self->{XS} };
  }
  
  sub blibdirs_target {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my @dirs = map { uc "\$(INST_$_)" } qw(libdir archlib
                                             autodir archautodir
                                             bin script
                                             man1dir man3dir
                                            );
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
          for my $ext ($self->_xs_list_basenames) {
              my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($ext);
              my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($d);
              shift @d if $d[0] eq 'lib';
              push @dirs, $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto', @d, $f);
  	}
      }
  
      my @exists = map { $_.'$(DFSEP).exists' } @dirs;
  
      my $make = sprintf <<'MAKE', join(' ', @exists);
  blibdirs : %s
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  # Backwards compat with 6.18 through 6.25
  blibdirs.ts : blibdirs
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  MAKE
  
      $make .= $self->dir_target(@dirs);
  
      return $make;
  }
  
  
  =head3 clean (o)
  
  Defines the clean target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub clean {
  # --- Cleanup and Distribution Sections ---
  
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my @m;
      push(@m, '
  # Delete temporary files but do not touch installed files. We don\'t delete
  # the Makefile here so a later make realclean still has a makefile to use.
  
  clean :: clean_subdirs
  ');
  
      my @files = sort values %{$self->{XS}}; # .c files from *.xs files
      push @files, map {
  	my $file = $_;
  	map { $file.$_ } $self->{OBJ_EXT}, qw(.def _def.old .bs .bso .exp .base);
      } $self->_xs_list_basenames;
      my @dirs  = qw(blib);
  
      # Normally these are all under blib but they might have been
      # redefined.
      # XXX normally this would be a good idea, but the Perl core sets
      # INST_LIB = ../../lib rather than actually installing the files.
      # So a "make clean" in an ext/ directory would blow away lib.
      # Until the core is adjusted let's leave this out.
  #     push @dirs, qw($(INST_ARCHLIB) $(INST_LIB)
  #                    $(INST_BIN) $(INST_SCRIPT)
  #                    $(INST_MAN1DIR) $(INST_MAN3DIR)
  #                    $(INST_LIBDIR) $(INST_ARCHLIBDIR) $(INST_AUTODIR)
  #                    $(INST_STATIC) $(INST_DYNAMIC)
  #                 );
  
  
      if( $attribs{FILES} ) {
          # Use @dirs because we don't know what's in here.
          push @dirs, ref $attribs{FILES}                ?
                          @{$attribs{FILES}}             :
                          split /\s+/, $attribs{FILES}   ;
      }
  
      push(@files, qw[$(MAKE_APERL_FILE)
                      MYMETA.json MYMETA.yml perlmain.c tmon.out mon.out so_locations
                      blibdirs.ts pm_to_blib pm_to_blib.ts
                      *$(OBJ_EXT) *$(LIB_EXT) perl.exe perl perl$(EXE_EXT)
                      $(BOOTSTRAP) $(BASEEXT).bso
                      $(BASEEXT).def lib$(BASEEXT).def
                      $(BASEEXT).exp $(BASEEXT).x
                     ]);
  
      push(@files, $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)','extralibs.all'));
      push(@files, $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)','extralibs.ld'));
  
      # core files
      if ($^O eq 'vos') {
          push(@files, qw[perl*.kp]);
      }
      else {
          push(@files, qw[core core.*perl.*.? *perl.core]);
      }
  
      push(@files, map { "core." . "[0-9]"x$_ } (1..5));
  
      # OS specific things to clean up.  Use @dirs since we don't know
      # what might be in here.
      push @dirs, $self->extra_clean_files;
  
      # Occasionally files are repeated several times from different sources
      { my(%f) = map { ($_ => 1) } @files; @files = sort keys %f; }
      { my(%d) = map { ($_ => 1) } @dirs;  @dirs  = sort keys %d; }
  
      push @m, map "\t$_\n", $self->split_command('- $(RM_F)',  @files);
      push @m, map "\t$_\n", $self->split_command('- $(RM_RF)', @dirs);
  
      # Leave Makefile.old around for realclean
      push @m, <<'MAKE';
  	  $(NOECHO) $(RM_F) $(MAKEFILE_OLD)
  	- $(MV) $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(MAKEFILE_OLD) $(DEV_NULL)
  MAKE
  
      push(@m, "\t$attribs{POSTOP}\n")   if $attribs{POSTOP};
  
      join("", @m);
  }
  
  
  =head3 clean_subdirs_target
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->clean_subdirs_target;
  
  Returns the clean_subdirs target.  This is used by the clean target to
  call clean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.
  
  =cut
  
  sub clean_subdirs_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      # No subdirectories, no cleaning.
      return <<'NOOP_FRAG' unless @{$self->{DIR}};
  clean_subdirs :
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  NOOP_FRAG
  
  
      my $clean = "clean_subdirs :\n";
  
      for my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}) {
          my $subclean = $self->oneliner(sprintf <<'CODE', $dir);
  exit 0 unless chdir '%s';  system '$(MAKE) clean' if -f '$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)';
  CODE
  
          $clean .= "\t$subclean\n";
      }
  
      return $clean;
  }
  
  
  =head3 dir_target
  
      my $make_frag = $mm->dir_target(@directories);
  
  Generates targets to create the specified directories and set its
  permission to PERM_DIR.
  
  Because depending on a directory to just ensure it exists doesn't work
  too well (the modified time changes too often) dir_target() creates a
  .exists file in the created directory.  It is this you should depend on.
  For portability purposes you should use the $(DIRFILESEP) macro rather
  than a '/' to separate the directory from the file.
  
      yourdirectory$(DIRFILESEP).exists
  
  =cut
  
  sub dir_target {
      my($self, @dirs) = @_;
  
      my $make = '';
      foreach my $dir (@dirs) {
          $make .= sprintf <<'MAKE', ($dir) x 4;
  %s$(DFSEP).exists :: Makefile.PL
  	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) %s
  	$(NOECHO) $(CHMOD) $(PERM_DIR) %s
  	$(NOECHO) $(TOUCH) %s$(DFSEP).exists
  
  MAKE
  
      }
  
      return $make;
  }
  
  
  =head3 distdir
  
  Defines the scratch directory target that will hold the distribution
  before tar-ing (or shar-ing).
  
  =cut
  
  # For backwards compatibility.
  *dist_dir = *distdir;
  
  sub distdir {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my $meta_target = $self->{NO_META} ? '' : 'distmeta';
      my $sign_target = !$self->{SIGN}   ? '' : 'distsignature';
  
      return sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $meta_target, $sign_target;
  create_distdir :
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Manifest=manicopy,maniread" \
  		-e "manicopy(maniread(),'$(DISTVNAME)', '$(DIST_CP)');"
  
  distdir : create_distdir %s %s
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 dist_test
  
  Defines a target that produces the distribution in the
  scratch directory, and runs 'perl Makefile.PL; make ;make test' in that
  subdirectory.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dist_test {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my $mpl_args = join " ", map qq["$_"], @ARGV;
  
      my $test = $self->cd('$(DISTVNAME)',
                           '$(ABSPERLRUN) Makefile.PL '.$mpl_args,
                           '$(MAKE) $(PASTHRU)',
                           '$(MAKE) test $(PASTHRU)'
                          );
  
      return sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $test;
  disttest : distdir
  	%s
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 xs_dlsyms_arg
  
  Returns command-line arg(s) to linker for file listing dlsyms to export.
  Defaults to returning empty string, can be overridden by e.g. AIX.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_arg {
      return '';
  }
  
  =head3 xs_dlsyms_ext
  
  Returns file-extension for C<xs_make_dlsyms> method's output file,
  including any "." character.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_ext {
      die "Pure virtual method";
  }
  
  =head3 xs_dlsyms_extra
  
  Returns any extra text to be prepended to the C<$extra> argument of
  C<xs_make_dlsyms>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_extra {
      '';
  }
  
  =head3 xs_dlsyms_iterator
  
  Iterates over necessary shared objects, calling C<xs_make_dlsyms> method
  for each with appropriate arguments.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_iterator {
      my ($self, $attribs) = @_;
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
          my @m;
          for my $ext ($self->_xs_list_basenames) {
              my @parts = File::Spec->splitdir($ext);
              shift @parts if $parts[0] eq 'lib';
              my $name = join '::', @parts;
              push @m, $self->xs_make_dlsyms(
                  $attribs,
                  $ext . $self->xs_dlsyms_ext,
                  "$ext.xs",
                  $name,
                  $parts[-1],
                  {}, [], {}, [],
                  $self->xs_dlsyms_extra . q!, 'FILE' => ! . neatvalue($ext),
              );
          }
          return join "\n", @m;
      } else {
          return $self->xs_make_dlsyms(
              $attribs,
              $self->{BASEEXT} . $self->xs_dlsyms_ext,
              'Makefile.PL',
              $self->{NAME},
              $self->{DLBASE},
              $attribs->{DL_FUNCS} || $self->{DL_FUNCS} || {},
              $attribs->{FUNCLIST} || $self->{FUNCLIST} || [],
              $attribs->{IMPORTS} || $self->{IMPORTS} || {},
              $attribs->{DL_VARS} || $self->{DL_VARS} || [],
              $self->xs_dlsyms_extra,
          );
      }
  }
  
  =head3 xs_make_dlsyms
  
      $self->xs_make_dlsyms(
          \%attribs, # hashref from %attribs in caller
          "$self->{BASEEXT}.def", # output file for Makefile target
          'Makefile.PL', # dependency
          $self->{NAME}, # shared object's "name"
          $self->{DLBASE}, # last ::-separated part of name
          $attribs{DL_FUNCS} || $self->{DL_FUNCS} || {}, # various params
          $attribs{FUNCLIST} || $self->{FUNCLIST} || [],
          $attribs{IMPORTS} || $self->{IMPORTS} || {},
          $attribs{DL_VARS} || $self->{DL_VARS} || [],
          # optional extra param that will be added as param to Mksymlists
      );
  
  Utility method that returns Makefile snippet to call C<Mksymlists>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_make_dlsyms {
      my ($self, $attribs, $target, $dep, $name, $dlbase, $funcs, $funclist, $imports, $vars, $extra) = @_;
      my @m = (
       "\n$target: $dep\n",
       q!	$(PERLRUN) -MExtUtils::Mksymlists \\
       -e "Mksymlists('NAME'=>\"!, $name,
       q!\", 'DLBASE' => '!,$dlbase,
       # The above two lines quoted differently to work around
       # a bug in the 4DOS/4NT command line interpreter.  The visible
       # result of the bug was files named q('extension_name',) *with the
       # single quotes and the comma* in the extension build directories.
       q!', 'DL_FUNCS' => !,neatvalue($funcs),
       q!, 'FUNCLIST' => !,neatvalue($funclist),
       q!, 'IMPORTS' => !,neatvalue($imports),
       q!, 'DL_VARS' => !, neatvalue($vars)
      );
      push @m, $extra if defined $extra;
      push @m, qq!);"\n!;
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  =head3 dynamic (o)
  
  Defines the dynamic target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dynamic {
  # --- Dynamic Loading Sections ---
  
      my($self) = shift;
      '
  dynamic :: $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) config $(INST_BOOT) $(INST_DYNAMIC)
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  ';
  }
  
  
  =head3 makemakerdflt_target
  
    my $make_frag = $mm->makemakerdflt_target
  
  Returns a make fragment with the makemakerdeflt_target specified.
  This target is the first target in the Makefile, is the default target
  and simply points off to 'all' just in case any make variant gets
  confused or something gets snuck in before the real 'all' target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub makemakerdflt_target {
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  makemakerdflt : all
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 manifypods_target
  
    my $manifypods_target = $self->manifypods_target;
  
  Generates the manifypods target.  This target generates man pages from
  all POD files in MAN1PODS and MAN3PODS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub manifypods_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my $man1pods      = '';
      my $man3pods      = '';
      my $dependencies  = '';
  
      # populate manXpods & dependencies:
      foreach my $name (sort keys %{$self->{MAN1PODS}}, sort keys %{$self->{MAN3PODS}}) {
          $dependencies .= " \\\n\t$name";
      }
  
      my $manify = <<END;
  manifypods : pure_all config $dependencies
  END
  
      my @man_cmds;
      foreach my $section (qw(1 3)) {
          my $pods = $self->{"MAN${section}PODS"};
          my $p2m = sprintf <<'CMD', $section, $] > 5.008 ? " -u" : "";
  	$(NOECHO) $(POD2MAN) --section=%s --perm_rw=$(PERM_RW)%s
  CMD
          push @man_cmds, $self->split_command($p2m, map {($_,$pods->{$_})} sort keys %$pods);
      }
  
      $manify .= "\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n" unless @man_cmds;
      $manify .= join '', map { "$_\n" } @man_cmds;
  
      return $manify;
  }
  
  {
      my $has_cpan_meta;
      sub _has_cpan_meta {
          return $has_cpan_meta if defined $has_cpan_meta;
          return $has_cpan_meta = !!eval {
              require CPAN::Meta;
              CPAN::Meta->VERSION(2.112150);
              1;
          };
      }
  }
  
  =head3 metafile_target
  
      my $target = $mm->metafile_target;
  
  Generate the metafile target.
  
  Writes the file META.yml (YAML encoded meta-data) and META.json
  (JSON encoded meta-data) about the module in the distdir.
  The format follows Module::Build's as closely as possible.
  
  =cut
  
  sub metafile_target {
      my $self = shift;
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG' if $self->{NO_META} or ! _has_cpan_meta();
  metafile :
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      my $metadata   = $self->metafile_data(
          $self->{META_ADD}   || {},
          $self->{META_MERGE} || {},
      );
  
      my $meta = $self->_fix_metadata_before_conversion( $metadata );
  
      my @write_metayml = $self->stashmeta(
        $meta->as_string({version => "1.4"}), 'META_new.yml'
      );
      my @write_metajson = $self->stashmeta(
        $meta->as_string({version => "2.0"}), 'META_new.json'
      );
  
      my $metayml = join("\n\t", @write_metayml);
      my $metajson = join("\n\t", @write_metajson);
      return sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $metayml, $metajson;
  metafile : create_distdir
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Generating META.yml
  	%s
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MV) META_new.yml $(DISTVNAME)/META.yml
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Generating META.json
  	%s
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MV) META_new.json $(DISTVNAME)/META.json
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  }
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _fix_metadata_before_conversion
  
      $mm->_fix_metadata_before_conversion( \%metadata );
  
  Fixes errors in the metadata before it's handed off to CPAN::Meta for
  conversion. This hopefully results in something that can be used further
  on, no guarantee is made though.
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _fix_metadata_before_conversion {
      my ( $self, $metadata ) = @_;
  
      # we should never be called unless this already passed but
      # prefer to be defensive in case somebody else calls this
  
      return unless _has_cpan_meta;
  
      my $bad_version = $metadata->{version} &&
                        !CPAN::Meta::Validator->new->version( 'version', $metadata->{version} );
      # just delete all invalid versions
      if( $bad_version ) {
          warn "Can't parse version '$metadata->{version}'\n";
          $metadata->{version} = '';
      }
  
      my $validator2 = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new( $metadata );
      my @errors;
      push @errors, $validator2->errors if !$validator2->is_valid;
      my $validator14 = CPAN::Meta::Validator->new(
          {
              %$metadata,
              'meta-spec' => { version => 1.4 },
          }
      );
      push @errors, $validator14->errors if !$validator14->is_valid;
      # fix non-camelcase custom resource keys (only other trick we know)
      for my $error ( @errors ) {
          my ( $key ) = ( $error =~ /Custom resource '(.*)' must be in CamelCase./ );
          next if !$key;
  
          # first try to remove all non-alphabetic chars
          ( my $new_key = $key ) =~ s/[^_a-zA-Z]//g;
  
          # if that doesn't work, uppercase first one
          $new_key = ucfirst $new_key if !$validator14->custom_1( $new_key );
  
          # copy to new key if that worked
          $metadata->{resources}{$new_key} = $metadata->{resources}{$key}
            if $validator14->custom_1( $new_key );
  
          # and delete old one in any case
          delete $metadata->{resources}{$key};
      }
  
      # paper over validation issues, but still complain, necessary because
      # there's no guarantee that the above will fix ALL errors
      my $meta = eval { CPAN::Meta->create( $metadata, { lazy_validation => 1 } ) };
      warn $@ if $@ and
                 $@ !~ /encountered CODE.*, but JSON can only represent references to arrays or hashes/;
  
      # use the original metadata straight if the conversion failed
      # or if it can't be stringified.
      if( !$meta                                                  ||
          !eval { $meta->as_string( { version => $METASPEC_V } ) }      ||
          !eval { $meta->as_string }
      ) {
          $meta = bless $metadata, 'CPAN::Meta';
      }
  
      my $now_license = $meta->as_struct({ version => 2 })->{license};
      if ($self->{LICENSE} and $self->{LICENSE} ne 'unknown' and
          @{$now_license} == 1 and $now_license->[0] eq 'unknown'
      ) {
          warn "Invalid LICENSE value '$self->{LICENSE}' ignored\n";
      }
  
      $meta;
  }
  
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _sort_pairs
  
      my @pairs = _sort_pairs($sort_sub, \%hash);
  
  Sorts the pairs of a hash based on keys ordered according
  to C<$sort_sub>.
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _sort_pairs {
      my $sort  = shift;
      my $pairs = shift;
      return map  { $_ => $pairs->{$_} }
             sort $sort
             keys %$pairs;
  }
  
  
  # Taken from Module::Build::Base
  sub _hash_merge {
      my ($self, $h, $k, $v) = @_;
      if (ref $h->{$k} eq 'ARRAY') {
          push @{$h->{$k}}, ref $v ? @$v : $v;
      } elsif (ref $h->{$k} eq 'HASH') {
          $self->_hash_merge($h->{$k}, $_, $v->{$_}) foreach keys %$v;
      } else {
          $h->{$k} = $v;
      }
  }
  
  
  =head3 metafile_data
  
      my $metadata_hashref = $mm->metafile_data(\%meta_add, \%meta_merge);
  
  Returns the data which MakeMaker turns into the META.yml file 
  and the META.json file. It is always in version 2.0 of the format.
  
  Values of %meta_add will overwrite any existing metadata in those
  keys.  %meta_merge will be merged with them.
  
  =cut
  
  sub metafile_data {
      my $self = shift;
      my($meta_add, $meta_merge) = @_;
  
      $meta_add ||= {};
      $meta_merge ||= {};
  
      my $version = _normalize_version($self->{VERSION});
      my $release_status = ($version =~ /_/) ? 'unstable' : 'stable';
      my %meta = (
          # required
          abstract     => $self->{ABSTRACT} || 'unknown',
          author       => defined($self->{AUTHOR}) ? $self->{AUTHOR} : ['unknown'],
          dynamic_config => 1,
          generated_by => "ExtUtils::MakeMaker version $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION",
          license      => [ $self->{LICENSE} || 'unknown' ],
          'meta-spec'  => {
              url         => $METASPEC_URL,
              version     => $METASPEC_V,
          },
          name         => $self->{DISTNAME},
          release_status => $release_status,
          version      => $version,
  
          # optional
          no_index     => { directory => [qw(t inc)] },
      );
      $self->_add_requirements_to_meta(\%meta);
  
      if (!eval { require JSON::PP; require CPAN::Meta::Converter; CPAN::Meta::Converter->VERSION(2.141170) }) {
        return \%meta;
      }
  
      # needs to be based on the original version
      my $v1_add = _metaspec_version($meta_add) !~ /^2/;
  
      my ($add_v, $merge_v) = map _metaspec_version($_), $meta_add, $meta_merge;
      for my $frag ($meta_add, $meta_merge) {
          my $def_v = $frag == $meta_add ? $merge_v : $add_v;
          $frag = CPAN::Meta::Converter->new($frag, default_version => $def_v)->upgrade_fragment;
      }
  
      # if we upgraded a 1.x _ADD fragment, we gave it a prereqs key that
      # will override all prereqs, which is more than the user asked for;
      # instead, we'll go inside the prereqs and override all those
      while( my($key, $val) = each %$meta_add ) {
          if ($v1_add and $key eq 'prereqs') {
              $meta{$key}{$_} = $val->{$_} for keys %$val;
          } elsif ($key ne 'meta-spec') {
              $meta{$key} = $val;
          }
      }
  
      while( my($key, $val) = each %$meta_merge ) {
          next if $key eq 'meta-spec';
          $self->_hash_merge(\%meta, $key, $val);
      }
  
      return \%meta;
  }
  
  
  =begin private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _add_requirements_to_meta {
      my ( $self, $meta ) = @_;
      # Check the original args so we can tell between the user setting it
      # to an empty hash and it just being initialized.
      $meta->{prereqs}{configure}{requires} = $self->{ARGS}{CONFIGURE_REQUIRES}
          ? $self->{CONFIGURE_REQUIRES}
          : { 'ExtUtils::MakeMaker' => 0, };
      $meta->{prereqs}{build}{requires} = $self->{ARGS}{BUILD_REQUIRES}
          ? $self->{BUILD_REQUIRES}
          : { 'ExtUtils::MakeMaker' => 0, };
      $meta->{prereqs}{test}{requires} = $self->{TEST_REQUIRES}
          if $self->{ARGS}{TEST_REQUIRES};
      $meta->{prereqs}{runtime}{requires} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}
          if $self->{ARGS}{PREREQ_PM};
      $meta->{prereqs}{runtime}{requires}{perl} = _normalize_version($self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION})
          if $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION};
  }
  
  # spec version of given fragment - if not given, assume 1.4
  sub _metaspec_version {
    my ( $meta ) = @_;
    return $meta->{'meta-spec'}->{version}
      if defined $meta->{'meta-spec'}
         and defined $meta->{'meta-spec'}->{version};
    return '1.4';
  }
  
  sub _add_requirements_to_meta_v1_4 {
      my ( $self, $meta ) = @_;
      # Check the original args so we can tell between the user setting it
      # to an empty hash and it just being initialized.
      if( $self->{ARGS}{CONFIGURE_REQUIRES} ) {
          $meta->{configure_requires} = $self->{CONFIGURE_REQUIRES};
      } else {
          $meta->{configure_requires} = {
              'ExtUtils::MakeMaker'       => 0,
          };
      }
      if( $self->{ARGS}{BUILD_REQUIRES} ) {
          $meta->{build_requires} = $self->{BUILD_REQUIRES};
      } else {
          $meta->{build_requires} = {
              'ExtUtils::MakeMaker'       => 0,
          };
      }
      if( $self->{ARGS}{TEST_REQUIRES} ) {
          $meta->{build_requires} = {
            %{ $meta->{build_requires} },
            %{ $self->{TEST_REQUIRES} },
          };
      }
      $meta->{requires} = $self->{PREREQ_PM}
          if defined $self->{PREREQ_PM};
      $meta->{requires}{perl} = _normalize_version($self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION})
          if $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION};
  }
  
  # Adapted from Module::Build::Base
  sub _normalize_version {
    my ($version) = @_;
    $version = 0 unless defined $version;
  
    if ( ref $version eq 'version' ) { # version objects
      $version = $version->stringify;
    }
    elsif ( $version =~ /^[^v][^.]*\.[^.]+\./ ) { # no leading v, multiple dots
      # normalize string tuples without "v": "1.2.3" -> "v1.2.3"
      $version = "v$version";
    }
    else {
      # leave alone
    }
    return $version;
  }
  
  =head3 _dump_hash
  
      $yaml = _dump_hash(\%options, %hash);
  
  Implements a fake YAML dumper for a hash given
  as a list of pairs. No quoting/escaping is done. Keys
  are supposed to be strings. Values are undef, strings,
  hash refs or array refs of strings.
  
  Supported options are:
  
      delta => STR - indentation delta
      use_header => BOOL - whether to include a YAML header
      indent => STR - a string of spaces
            default: ''
  
      max_key_length => INT - maximum key length used to align
          keys and values of the same hash
          default: 20
      key_sort => CODE - a sort sub
              It may be undef, which means no sorting by keys
          default: sub { lc $a cmp lc $b }
  
      customs => HASH - special options for certain keys
             (whose values are hashes themselves)
          may contain: max_key_length, key_sort, customs
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _dump_hash {
      croak "first argument should be a hash ref" unless ref $_[0] eq 'HASH';
      my $options = shift;
      my %hash = @_;
  
      # Use a list to preserve order.
      my @pairs;
  
      my $k_sort
          = exists $options->{key_sort} ? $options->{key_sort}
                                        : sub { lc $a cmp lc $b };
      if ($k_sort) {
          croak "'key_sort' should be a coderef" unless ref $k_sort eq 'CODE';
          @pairs = _sort_pairs($k_sort, \%hash);
      } else { # list of pairs, no sorting
          @pairs = @_;
      }
  
      my $yaml     = $options->{use_header} ? "--- #YAML:1.0\n" : '';
      my $indent   = $options->{indent} || '';
      my $k_length = min(
          ($options->{max_key_length} || 20),
          max(map { length($_) + 1 } grep { !ref $hash{$_} } keys %hash)
      );
      my $customs  = $options->{customs} || {};
  
      # printf format for key
      my $k_format = "%-${k_length}s";
  
      while( @pairs ) {
          my($key, $val) = splice @pairs, 0, 2;
          $val = '~' unless defined $val;
          if(ref $val eq 'HASH') {
              if ( keys %$val ) {
                  my %k_options = ( # options for recursive call
                      delta => $options->{delta},
                      use_header => 0,
                      indent => $indent . $options->{delta},
                  );
                  if (exists $customs->{$key}) {
                      my %k_custom = %{$customs->{$key}};
                      foreach my $k (qw(key_sort max_key_length customs)) {
                          $k_options{$k} = $k_custom{$k} if exists $k_custom{$k};
                      }
                  }
                  $yaml .= $indent . "$key:\n"
                    . _dump_hash(\%k_options, %$val);
              }
              else {
                  $yaml .= $indent . "$key:  {}\n";
              }
          }
          elsif (ref $val eq 'ARRAY') {
              if( @$val ) {
                  $yaml .= $indent . "$key:\n";
  
                  for (@$val) {
                      croak "only nested arrays of non-refs are supported" if ref $_;
                      $yaml .= $indent . $options->{delta} . "- $_\n";
                  }
              }
              else {
                  $yaml .= $indent . "$key:  []\n";
              }
          }
          elsif( ref $val and !blessed($val) ) {
              croak "only nested hashes, arrays and objects are supported";
          }
          else {  # if it's an object, just stringify it
              $yaml .= $indent . sprintf "$k_format  %s\n", "$key:", $val;
          }
      };
  
      return $yaml;
  
  }
  
  sub blessed {
      return eval { $_[0]->isa("UNIVERSAL"); };
  }
  
  sub max {
      return (sort { $b <=> $a } @_)[0];
  }
  
  sub min {
      return (sort { $a <=> $b } @_)[0];
  }
  
  =head3 metafile_file
  
      my $meta_yml = $mm->metafile_file(@metadata_pairs);
  
  Turns the @metadata_pairs into YAML.
  
  This method does not implement a complete YAML dumper, being limited
  to dump a hash with values which are strings, undef's or nested hashes
  and arrays of strings. No quoting/escaping is done.
  
  =cut
  
  sub metafile_file {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my %dump_options = (
          use_header => 1,
          delta      => ' ' x 4,
          key_sort   => undef,
      );
      return _dump_hash(\%dump_options, @_);
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 distmeta_target
  
      my $make_frag = $mm->distmeta_target;
  
  Generates the distmeta target to add META.yml and META.json to the MANIFEST
  in the distdir.
  
  =cut
  
  sub distmeta_target {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my @add_meta = (
        $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-MExtUtils::Manifest=maniadd']),
  exit unless -e q{META.yml};
  eval { maniadd({q{META.yml} => q{Module YAML meta-data (added by MakeMaker)}}) }
      or die "Could not add META.yml to MANIFEST: ${'@'}"
  CODE
        $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-MExtUtils::Manifest=maniadd'])
  exit unless -f q{META.json};
  eval { maniadd({q{META.json} => q{Module JSON meta-data (added by MakeMaker)}}) }
      or die "Could not add META.json to MANIFEST: ${'@'}"
  CODE
      );
  
      my @add_meta_to_distdir = map { $self->cd('$(DISTVNAME)', $_) } @add_meta;
  
      return sprintf <<'MAKE', @add_meta_to_distdir;
  distmeta : create_distdir metafile
  	$(NOECHO) %s
  	$(NOECHO) %s
  
  MAKE
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 mymeta
  
      my $mymeta = $mm->mymeta;
  
  Generate MYMETA information as a hash either from an existing CPAN Meta file
  (META.json or META.yml) or from internal data.
  
  =cut
  
  sub mymeta {
      my $self = shift;
      my $file = shift || ''; # for testing
  
      my $mymeta = $self->_mymeta_from_meta($file);
      my $v2 = 1;
  
      unless ( $mymeta ) {
          $mymeta = $self->metafile_data(
              $self->{META_ADD}   || {},
              $self->{META_MERGE} || {},
          );
          $v2 = 0;
      }
  
      # Overwrite the non-configure dependency hashes
      $self->_add_requirements_to_meta($mymeta);
  
      $mymeta->{dynamic_config} = 0;
  
      return $mymeta;
  }
  
  
  sub _mymeta_from_meta {
      my $self = shift;
      my $metafile = shift || ''; # for testing
  
      return unless _has_cpan_meta();
  
      my $meta;
      for my $file ( $metafile, "META.json", "META.yml" ) {
        next unless -e $file;
        eval {
            $meta = CPAN::Meta->load_file($file)->as_struct( { version => 2 } );
        };
        last if $meta;
      }
      return unless $meta;
  
      # META.yml before 6.25_01 cannot be trusted.  META.yml lived in the source directory.
      # There was a good chance the author accidentally uploaded a stale META.yml if they
      # rolled their own tarball rather than using "make dist".
      if ($meta->{generated_by} &&
          $meta->{generated_by} =~ /ExtUtils::MakeMaker version ([\d\._]+)/) {
          my $eummv = do { local $^W = 0; $1+0; };
          if ($eummv < 6.2501) {
              return;
          }
      }
  
      return $meta;
  }
  
  =head3 write_mymeta
  
      $self->write_mymeta( $mymeta );
  
  Write MYMETA information to MYMETA.json and MYMETA.yml.
  
  =cut
  
  sub write_mymeta {
      my $self = shift;
      my $mymeta = shift;
  
      return unless _has_cpan_meta();
  
      my $meta_obj = $self->_fix_metadata_before_conversion( $mymeta );
  
      $meta_obj->save( 'MYMETA.json', { version => "2.0" } );
      $meta_obj->save( 'MYMETA.yml', { version => "1.4" } );
      return 1;
  }
  
  =head3 realclean (o)
  
  Defines the realclean target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub realclean {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
  
      my @dirs  = qw($(DISTVNAME));
      my @files = qw($(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(MAKEFILE_OLD));
  
      # Special exception for the perl core where INST_* is not in blib.
      # This cleans up the files built from the ext/ directory (all XS).
      if( $self->{PERL_CORE} ) {
          push @dirs, qw($(INST_AUTODIR) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR));
          push @files, values %{$self->{PM}};
      }
  
      if( $self->has_link_code ){
          push @files, qw($(OBJECT));
      }
  
      if( $attribs{FILES} ) {
          if( ref $attribs{FILES} ) {
              push @dirs, @{ $attribs{FILES} };
          }
          else {
              push @dirs, split /\s+/, $attribs{FILES};
          }
      }
  
      # Occasionally files are repeated several times from different sources
      { my(%f) = map { ($_ => 1) } @files;  @files = sort keys %f; }
      { my(%d) = map { ($_ => 1) } @dirs;   @dirs  = sort keys %d; }
  
      my $rm_cmd  = join "\n\t", map { "$_" }
                      $self->split_command('- $(RM_F)',  @files);
      my $rmf_cmd = join "\n\t", map { "$_" }
                      $self->split_command('- $(RM_RF)', @dirs);
  
      my $m = sprintf <<'MAKE', $rm_cmd, $rmf_cmd;
  # Delete temporary files (via clean) and also delete dist files
  realclean purge :: realclean_subdirs
  	%s
  	%s
  MAKE
  
      $m .= "\t$attribs{POSTOP}\n" if $attribs{POSTOP};
  
      return $m;
  }
  
  
  =head3 realclean_subdirs_target
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->realclean_subdirs_target;
  
  Returns the realclean_subdirs target.  This is used by the realclean
  target to call realclean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.
  
  =cut
  
  sub realclean_subdirs_target {
      my $self = shift;
      my @m = <<'EOF';
  # so clean is forced to complete before realclean_subdirs runs
  realclean_subdirs : clean
  EOF
      return join '', @m, "\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n" unless @{$self->{DIR}};
      foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}) {
          foreach my $makefile ('$(MAKEFILE_OLD)', '$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)' ) {
              my $subrclean .= $self->oneliner(_sprintf562 <<'CODE', $dir, $makefile);
  chdir '%1$s';  system '$(MAKE) $(USEMAKEFILE) %2$s realclean' if -f '%2$s';
  CODE
              push @m, "\t- $subrclean\n";
          }
      }
      return join '', @m;
  }
  
  
  =head3 signature_target
  
      my $target = $mm->signature_target;
  
  Generate the signature target.
  
  Writes the file SIGNATURE with "cpansign -s".
  
  =cut
  
  sub signature_target {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  signature :
  	cpansign -s
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 distsignature_target
  
      my $make_frag = $mm->distsignature_target;
  
  Generates the distsignature target to add SIGNATURE to the MANIFEST in the
  distdir.
  
  =cut
  
  sub distsignature_target {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $add_sign = $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-MExtUtils::Manifest=maniadd']);
  eval { maniadd({q{SIGNATURE} => q{Public-key signature (added by MakeMaker)}}) }
      or die "Could not add SIGNATURE to MANIFEST: ${'@'}"
  CODE
  
      my $sign_dist        = $self->cd('$(DISTVNAME)' => 'cpansign -s');
  
      # cpansign -s complains if SIGNATURE is in the MANIFEST yet does not
      # exist
      my $touch_sig        = $self->cd('$(DISTVNAME)' => '$(TOUCH) SIGNATURE');
      my $add_sign_to_dist = $self->cd('$(DISTVNAME)' => $add_sign );
  
      return sprintf <<'MAKE', $add_sign_to_dist, $touch_sig, $sign_dist
  distsignature : distmeta
  	$(NOECHO) %s
  	$(NOECHO) %s
  	%s
  
  MAKE
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 special_targets
  
    my $make_frag = $mm->special_targets
  
  Returns a make fragment containing any targets which have special
  meaning to make.  For example, .SUFFIXES and .PHONY.
  
  =cut
  
  sub special_targets {
      my $make_frag = <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  .SUFFIXES : .xs .c .C .cpp .i .s .cxx .cc $(OBJ_EXT)
  
  .PHONY: all config static dynamic test linkext manifest blibdirs clean realclean disttest distdir pure_all subdirs clean_subdirs makemakerdflt manifypods realclean_subdirs subdirs_dynamic subdirs_pure_nolink subdirs_static subdirs-test_dynamic subdirs-test_static test_dynamic test_static
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      $make_frag .= <<'MAKE_FRAG' if $ENV{CLEARCASE_ROOT};
  .NO_CONFIG_REC: Makefile
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  
  
  
  =head2 Init methods
  
  Methods which help initialize the MakeMaker object and macros.
  
  
  =head3 init_ABSTRACT
  
      $mm->init_ABSTRACT
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_ABSTRACT {
      my $self = shift;
  
      if( $self->{ABSTRACT_FROM} and $self->{ABSTRACT} ) {
          warn "Both ABSTRACT_FROM and ABSTRACT are set.  ".
               "Ignoring ABSTRACT_FROM.\n";
          return;
      }
  
      if ($self->{ABSTRACT_FROM}){
          $self->{ABSTRACT} = $self->parse_abstract($self->{ABSTRACT_FROM}) or
              carp "WARNING: Setting ABSTRACT via file ".
                   "'$self->{ABSTRACT_FROM}' failed\n";
      }
  
      if ($self->{ABSTRACT} && $self->{ABSTRACT} =~ m![[:cntrl:]]+!) {
              warn "WARNING: ABSTRACT contains control character(s),".
                   " they will be removed\n";
              $self->{ABSTRACT} =~ s![[:cntrl:]]+!!g;
              return;
      }
  }
  
  =head3 init_INST
  
      $mm->init_INST;
  
  Called by init_main.  Sets up all INST_* variables except those related
  to XS code.  Those are handled in init_xs.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_INST {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{INST_ARCHLIB} ||= $self->catdir($Curdir,"blib","arch");
      $self->{INST_BIN}     ||= $self->catdir($Curdir,'blib','bin');
  
      # INST_LIB typically pre-set if building an extension after
      # perl has been built and installed. Setting INST_LIB allows
      # you to build directly into, say $Config{privlibexp}.
      unless ($self->{INST_LIB}){
          if ($self->{PERL_CORE}) {
              $self->{INST_LIB} = $self->{INST_ARCHLIB} = $self->{PERL_LIB};
          } else {
              $self->{INST_LIB} = $self->catdir($Curdir,"blib","lib");
          }
      }
  
      my @parentdir = split(/::/, $self->{PARENT_NAME});
      $self->{INST_LIBDIR}      = $self->catdir('$(INST_LIB)',     @parentdir);
      $self->{INST_ARCHLIBDIR}  = $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', @parentdir);
      $self->{INST_AUTODIR}     = $self->catdir('$(INST_LIB)', 'auto',
                                                '$(FULLEXT)');
      $self->{INST_ARCHAUTODIR} = $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto',
                                                '$(FULLEXT)');
  
      $self->{INST_SCRIPT}  ||= $self->catdir($Curdir,'blib','script');
  
      $self->{INST_MAN1DIR} ||= $self->catdir($Curdir,'blib','man1');
      $self->{INST_MAN3DIR} ||= $self->catdir($Curdir,'blib','man3');
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_INSTALL
  
      $mm->init_INSTALL;
  
  Called by init_main.  Sets up all INSTALL_* variables (except
  INSTALLDIRS) and *PREFIX.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_INSTALL {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      if( $self->{ARGS}{INSTALL_BASE} and $self->{ARGS}{PREFIX} ) {
          die "Only one of PREFIX or INSTALL_BASE can be given.  Not both.\n";
      }
  
      if( $self->{ARGS}{INSTALL_BASE} ) {
          $self->init_INSTALL_from_INSTALL_BASE;
      }
      else {
          $self->init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX;
      }
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX
  
    $mm->init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX;
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->init_lib2arch;
  
      # There are often no Config.pm defaults for these new man variables so
      # we fall back to the old behavior which is to use installman*dir
      foreach my $num (1, 3) {
          my $k = 'installsiteman'.$num.'dir';
  
          $self->{uc $k} ||= uc "\$(installman${num}dir)"
            unless $Config{$k};
      }
  
      foreach my $num (1, 3) {
          my $k = 'installvendorman'.$num.'dir';
  
          unless( $Config{$k} ) {
              $self->{uc $k}  ||= $Config{usevendorprefix}
                                ? uc "\$(installman${num}dir)"
                                : '';
          }
      }
  
      $self->{INSTALLSITEBIN} ||= '$(INSTALLBIN)'
        unless $Config{installsitebin};
      $self->{INSTALLSITESCRIPT} ||= '$(INSTALLSCRIPT)'
        unless $Config{installsitescript};
  
      unless( $Config{installvendorbin} ) {
          $self->{INSTALLVENDORBIN} ||= $Config{usevendorprefix}
                                      ? $Config{installbin}
                                      : '';
      }
      unless( $Config{installvendorscript} ) {
          $self->{INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT} ||= $Config{usevendorprefix}
                                         ? $Config{installscript}
                                         : '';
      }
  
  
      my $iprefix = $Config{installprefixexp} || $Config{installprefix} ||
                    $Config{prefixexp}        || $Config{prefix} || '';
      my $vprefix = $Config{usevendorprefix}  ? $Config{vendorprefixexp} : '';
      my $sprefix = $Config{siteprefixexp}    || '';
  
      # 5.005_03 doesn't have a siteprefix.
      $sprefix = $iprefix unless $sprefix;
  
  
      $self->{PREFIX}       ||= '';
  
      if( $self->{PREFIX} ) {
          @{$self}{qw(PERLPREFIX SITEPREFIX VENDORPREFIX)} =
            ('$(PREFIX)') x 3;
      }
      else {
          $self->{PERLPREFIX}   ||= $iprefix;
          $self->{SITEPREFIX}   ||= $sprefix;
          $self->{VENDORPREFIX} ||= $vprefix;
  
          # Lots of MM extension authors like to use $(PREFIX) so we
          # put something sensible in there no matter what.
          $self->{PREFIX} = '$('.uc $self->{INSTALLDIRS}.'PREFIX)';
      }
  
      my $arch    = $Config{archname};
      my $version = $Config{version};
  
      # default style
      my $libstyle = $Config{installstyle} || 'lib/perl5';
      my $manstyle = '';
  
      if( $self->{LIBSTYLE} ) {
          $libstyle = $self->{LIBSTYLE};
          $manstyle = $self->{LIBSTYLE} eq 'lib/perl5' ? 'lib/perl5' : '';
      }
  
      # Some systems, like VOS, set installman*dir to '' if they can't
      # read man pages.
      for my $num (1, 3) {
          $self->{'INSTALLMAN'.$num.'DIR'} ||= 'none'
            unless $Config{'installman'.$num.'dir'};
      }
  
      my %bin_layouts =
      (
          bin         => { s => $iprefix,
                           t => 'perl',
                           d => 'bin' },
          vendorbin   => { s => $vprefix,
                           t => 'vendor',
                           d => 'bin' },
          sitebin     => { s => $sprefix,
                           t => 'site',
                           d => 'bin' },
          script      => { s => $iprefix,
                           t => 'perl',
                           d => 'bin' },
          vendorscript=> { s => $vprefix,
                           t => 'vendor',
                           d => 'bin' },
          sitescript  => { s => $sprefix,
                           t => 'site',
                           d => 'bin' },
      );
  
      my %man_layouts =
      (
          man1dir         => { s => $iprefix,
                               t => 'perl',
                               d => 'man/man1',
                               style => $manstyle, },
          siteman1dir     => { s => $sprefix,
                               t => 'site',
                               d => 'man/man1',
                               style => $manstyle, },
          vendorman1dir   => { s => $vprefix,
                               t => 'vendor',
                               d => 'man/man1',
                               style => $manstyle, },
  
          man3dir         => { s => $iprefix,
                               t => 'perl',
                               d => 'man/man3',
                               style => $manstyle, },
          siteman3dir     => { s => $sprefix,
                               t => 'site',
                               d => 'man/man3',
                               style => $manstyle, },
          vendorman3dir   => { s => $vprefix,
                               t => 'vendor',
                               d => 'man/man3',
                               style => $manstyle, },
      );
  
      my %lib_layouts =
      (
          privlib     => { s => $iprefix,
                           t => 'perl',
                           d => '',
                           style => $libstyle, },
          vendorlib   => { s => $vprefix,
                           t => 'vendor',
                           d => '',
                           style => $libstyle, },
          sitelib     => { s => $sprefix,
                           t => 'site',
                           d => 'site_perl',
                           style => $libstyle, },
  
          archlib     => { s => $iprefix,
                           t => 'perl',
                           d => "$version/$arch",
                           style => $libstyle },
          vendorarch  => { s => $vprefix,
                           t => 'vendor',
                           d => "$version/$arch",
                           style => $libstyle },
          sitearch    => { s => $sprefix,
                           t => 'site',
                           d => "site_perl/$version/$arch",
                           style => $libstyle },
      );
  
  
      # Special case for LIB.
      if( $self->{LIB} ) {
          foreach my $var (keys %lib_layouts) {
              my $Installvar = uc "install$var";
  
              if( $var =~ /arch/ ) {
                  $self->{$Installvar} ||=
                    $self->catdir($self->{LIB}, $Config{archname});
              }
              else {
                  $self->{$Installvar} ||= $self->{LIB};
              }
          }
      }
  
      my %type2prefix = ( perl    => 'PERLPREFIX',
                          site    => 'SITEPREFIX',
                          vendor  => 'VENDORPREFIX'
                        );
  
      my %layouts = (%bin_layouts, %man_layouts, %lib_layouts);
      while( my($var, $layout) = each(%layouts) ) {
          my($s, $t, $d, $style) = @{$layout}{qw(s t d style)};
          my $r = '$('.$type2prefix{$t}.')';
  
          warn "Prefixing $var\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
  
          my $installvar = "install$var";
          my $Installvar = uc $installvar;
          next if $self->{$Installvar};
  
          $d = "$style/$d" if $style;
          $self->prefixify($installvar, $s, $r, $d);
  
          warn "  $Installvar == $self->{$Installvar}\n"
            if $Verbose >= 2;
      }
  
      # Generate these if they weren't figured out.
      $self->{VENDORARCHEXP} ||= $self->{INSTALLVENDORARCH};
      $self->{VENDORLIBEXP}  ||= $self->{INSTALLVENDORLIB};
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_from_INSTALL_BASE
  
      $mm->init_from_INSTALL_BASE
  
  =cut
  
  my %map = (
             lib      => [qw(lib perl5)],
             arch     => [('lib', 'perl5', $Config{archname})],
             bin      => [qw(bin)],
             man1dir  => [qw(man man1)],
             man3dir  => [qw(man man3)]
            );
  $map{script} = $map{bin};
  
  sub init_INSTALL_from_INSTALL_BASE {
      my $self = shift;
  
      @{$self}{qw(PREFIX VENDORPREFIX SITEPREFIX PERLPREFIX)} =
                                                           '$(INSTALL_BASE)';
  
      my %install;
      foreach my $thing (keys %map) {
          foreach my $dir (('', 'SITE', 'VENDOR')) {
              my $uc_thing = uc $thing;
              my $key = "INSTALL".$dir.$uc_thing;
  
              $install{$key} ||=
                $self->catdir('$(INSTALL_BASE)', @{$map{$thing}});
          }
      }
  
      # Adjust for variable quirks.
      $install{INSTALLARCHLIB} ||= delete $install{INSTALLARCH};
      $install{INSTALLPRIVLIB} ||= delete $install{INSTALLLIB};
  
      foreach my $key (keys %install) {
          $self->{$key} ||= $install{$key};
      }
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_VERSION  I<Abstract>
  
      $mm->init_VERSION
  
  Initialize macros representing versions of MakeMaker and other tools
  
  MAKEMAKER: path to the MakeMaker module.
  
  MM_VERSION: ExtUtils::MakeMaker Version
  
  MM_REVISION: ExtUtils::MakeMaker version control revision (for backwards
               compat)
  
  VERSION: version of your module
  
  VERSION_MACRO: which macro represents the version (usually 'VERSION')
  
  VERSION_SYM: like version but safe for use as an RCS revision number
  
  DEFINE_VERSION: -D line to set the module version when compiling
  
  XS_VERSION: version in your .xs file.  Defaults to $(VERSION)
  
  XS_VERSION_MACRO: which macro represents the XS version.
  
  XS_DEFINE_VERSION: -D line to set the xs version when compiling.
  
  Called by init_main.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_VERSION {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{MAKEMAKER}  = $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Filename;
      $self->{MM_VERSION} = $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION;
      $self->{MM_REVISION}= $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Revision;
      $self->{VERSION_FROM} ||= '';
  
      if ($self->{VERSION_FROM}){
          $self->{VERSION} = $self->parse_version($self->{VERSION_FROM});
          if( $self->{VERSION} eq 'undef' ) {
              carp("WARNING: Setting VERSION via file ".
                   "'$self->{VERSION_FROM}' failed\n");
          }
      }
  
      if (defined $self->{VERSION}) {
          if ( $self->{VERSION} !~ /^\s*v?[\d_\.]+\s*$/ ) {
            require version;
            my $normal = eval { version->new( $self->{VERSION} ) };
            $self->{VERSION} = $normal if defined $normal;
          }
          $self->{VERSION} =~ s/^\s+//;
          $self->{VERSION} =~ s/\s+$//;
      }
      else {
          $self->{VERSION} = '';
      }
  
  
      $self->{VERSION_MACRO}  = 'VERSION';
      ($self->{VERSION_SYM} = $self->{VERSION}) =~ s/\W/_/g;
      $self->{DEFINE_VERSION} = '-D$(VERSION_MACRO)=\"$(VERSION)\"';
  
  
      # Graham Barr and Paul Marquess had some ideas how to ensure
      # version compatibility between the *.pm file and the
      # corresponding *.xs file. The bottom line was, that we need an
      # XS_VERSION macro that defaults to VERSION:
      $self->{XS_VERSION} ||= $self->{VERSION};
  
      $self->{XS_VERSION_MACRO}  = 'XS_VERSION';
      $self->{XS_DEFINE_VERSION} = '-D$(XS_VERSION_MACRO)=\"$(XS_VERSION)\"';
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_tools
  
      $MM->init_tools();
  
  Initializes the simple macro definitions used by tools_other() and
  places them in the $MM object.  These use conservative cross platform
  versions and should be overridden with platform specific versions for
  performance.
  
  Defines at least these macros.
  
    Macro             Description
  
    NOOP              Do nothing
    NOECHO            Tell make not to display the command itself
  
    SHELL             Program used to run shell commands
  
    ECHO              Print text adding a newline on the end
    RM_F              Remove a file
    RM_RF             Remove a directory
    TOUCH             Update a file's timestamp
    TEST_F            Test for a file's existence
    TEST_S            Test the size of a file
    CP                Copy a file
    CP_NONEMPTY       Copy a file if it is not empty
    MV                Move a file
    CHMOD             Change permissions on a file
    FALSE             Exit with non-zero
    TRUE              Exit with zero
  
    UMASK_NULL        Nullify umask
    DEV_NULL          Suppress all command output
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_tools {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{ECHO}     ||= $self->oneliner('binmode STDOUT, qq{:raw}; print qq{@ARGV}', ['-l']);
      $self->{ECHO_N}   ||= $self->oneliner('print qq{@ARGV}');
  
      $self->{TOUCH}    ||= $self->oneliner('touch', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
      $self->{CHMOD}    ||= $self->oneliner('chmod', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
      $self->{RM_F}     ||= $self->oneliner('rm_f',  ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
      $self->{RM_RF}    ||= $self->oneliner('rm_rf', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
      $self->{TEST_F}   ||= $self->oneliner('test_f', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
      $self->{TEST_S}   ||= $self->oneliner('test_s', ["-MExtUtils::Command::MM"]);
      $self->{CP_NONEMPTY} ||= $self->oneliner('cp_nonempty', ["-MExtUtils::Command::MM"]);
      $self->{FALSE}    ||= $self->oneliner('exit 1');
      $self->{TRUE}     ||= $self->oneliner('exit 0');
  
      $self->{MKPATH}   ||= $self->oneliner('mkpath', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
  
      $self->{CP}       ||= $self->oneliner('cp', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
      $self->{MV}       ||= $self->oneliner('mv', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
  
      $self->{MOD_INSTALL} ||=
        $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-MExtUtils::Install']);
  install([ from_to => {@ARGV}, verbose => '$(VERBINST)', uninstall_shadows => '$(UNINST)', dir_mode => '$(PERM_DIR)' ]);
  CODE
      $self->{DOC_INSTALL} ||= $self->oneliner('perllocal_install', ["-MExtUtils::Command::MM"]);
      $self->{UNINSTALL}   ||= $self->oneliner('uninstall', ["-MExtUtils::Command::MM"]);
      $self->{WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST} ||=
        $self->oneliner('warn_if_old_packlist', ["-MExtUtils::Command::MM"]);
      $self->{FIXIN}       ||= $self->oneliner('MY->fixin(shift)', ["-MExtUtils::MY"]);
      $self->{EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP} ||= $self->oneliner('eqtime', ["-MExtUtils::Command"]);
  
      $self->{UNINST}     ||= 0;
      $self->{VERBINST}   ||= 0;
  
      $self->{SHELL}              ||= $Config{sh};
  
      # UMASK_NULL is not used by MakeMaker but some CPAN modules
      # make use of it.
      $self->{UMASK_NULL}         ||= "umask 0";
  
      # Not the greatest default, but its something.
      $self->{DEV_NULL}           ||= "> /dev/null 2>&1";
  
      $self->{NOOP}               ||= '$(TRUE)';
      $self->{NOECHO}             = '@' unless defined $self->{NOECHO};
  
      $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE}     ||= $self->{MAKEFILE} || 'Makefile';
      $self->{MAKEFILE}           ||= $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE};
      $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}       ||= $self->{MAKEFILE}.'.old';
      $self->{MAKE_APERL_FILE}    ||= $self->{MAKEFILE}.'.aperl';
  
      # Not everybody uses -f to indicate "use this Makefile instead"
      $self->{USEMAKEFILE}        ||= '-f';
  
      # Some makes require a wrapper around macros passed in on the command
      # line.
      $self->{MACROSTART}         ||= '';
      $self->{MACROEND}           ||= '';
  
      return;
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_others
  
      $MM->init_others();
  
  Initializes the macro definitions having to do with compiling and
  linking used by tools_other() and places them in the $MM object.
  
  If there is no description, its the same as the parameter to
  WriteMakefile() documented in ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_others {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{LD_RUN_PATH} = "";
  
      $self->{LIBS} = $self->_fix_libs($self->{LIBS});
  
      # Compute EXTRALIBS, BSLOADLIBS and LDLOADLIBS from $self->{LIBS}
      foreach my $libs ( @{$self->{LIBS}} ){
          $libs =~ s/^\s*(.*\S)\s*$/$1/; # remove leading and trailing whitespace
          my(@libs) = $self->extliblist($libs);
          if ($libs[0] or $libs[1] or $libs[2]){
              # LD_RUN_PATH now computed by ExtUtils::Liblist
              ($self->{EXTRALIBS},  $self->{BSLOADLIBS},
               $self->{LDLOADLIBS}, $self->{LD_RUN_PATH}) = @libs;
              last;
          }
      }
  
      if ( $self->{OBJECT} ) {
          $self->{OBJECT} = join(" ", @{$self->{OBJECT}}) if ref $self->{OBJECT};
          $self->{OBJECT} =~ s!\.o(bj)?\b!\$(OBJ_EXT)!g;
      } elsif ( ($self->{MAGICXS} || $self->{XSMULTI}) && @{$self->{O_FILES}||[]} ) {
          $self->{OBJECT} = join(" ", @{$self->{O_FILES}});
          $self->{OBJECT} =~ s!\.o(bj)?\b!\$(OBJ_EXT)!g;
      } else {
          # init_dirscan should have found out, if we have C files
          $self->{OBJECT} = "";
          $self->{OBJECT} = '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)' if @{$self->{C}||[]};
      }
      $self->{OBJECT} =~ s/\n+/ \\\n\t/g;
  
      $self->{BOOTDEP}  = (-f "$self->{BASEEXT}_BS") ? "$self->{BASEEXT}_BS" : "";
      $self->{PERLMAINCC} ||= '$(CC)';
      $self->{LDFROM} = '$(OBJECT)' unless $self->{LDFROM};
  
      # Sanity check: don't define LINKTYPE = dynamic if we're skipping
      # the 'dynamic' section of MM.  We don't have this problem with
      # 'static', since we either must use it (%Config says we can't
      # use dynamic loading) or the caller asked for it explicitly.
      if (!$self->{LINKTYPE}) {
         $self->{LINKTYPE} = $self->{SKIPHASH}{'dynamic'}
                          ? 'static'
                          : ($Config{usedl} ? 'dynamic' : 'static');
      }
  
      return;
  }
  
  
  # Lets look at $self->{LIBS} carefully: It may be an anon array, a string or
  # undefined. In any case we turn it into an anon array
  sub _fix_libs {
      my($self, $libs) = @_;
  
      return !defined $libs       ? ['']          :
             !ref $libs           ? [$libs]       :
             !defined $libs->[0]  ? ['']          :
                                    $libs         ;
  }
  
  
  =head3 tools_other
  
      my $make_frag = $MM->tools_other;
  
  Returns a make fragment containing definitions for the macros init_others()
  initializes.
  
  =cut
  
  sub tools_other {
      my($self) = shift;
      my @m;
  
      # We set PM_FILTER as late as possible so it can see all the earlier
      # on macro-order sensitive makes such as nmake.
      for my $tool (qw{ SHELL CHMOD CP MV NOOP NOECHO RM_F RM_RF TEST_F TOUCH
                        UMASK_NULL DEV_NULL MKPATH EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP
                        FALSE TRUE
                        ECHO ECHO_N
                        UNINST VERBINST
                        MOD_INSTALL DOC_INSTALL UNINSTALL
                        WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST
                        MACROSTART MACROEND
                        USEMAKEFILE
                        PM_FILTER
                        FIXIN
                        CP_NONEMPTY
                      } )
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$tool};
          push @m, "$tool = $self->{$tool}\n";
      }
  
      return join "", @m;
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_DIRFILESEP  I<Abstract>
  
    $MM->init_DIRFILESEP;
    my $dirfilesep = $MM->{DIRFILESEP};
  
  Initializes the DIRFILESEP macro which is the separator between the
  directory and filename in a filepath.  ie. / on Unix, \ on Win32 and
  nothing on VMS.
  
  For example:
  
      # instead of $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.ld
      $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP)extralibs.ld
  
  Something of a hack but it prevents a lot of code duplication between
  MM_* variants.
  
  Do not use this as a separator between directories.  Some operating
  systems use different separators between subdirectories as between
  directories and filenames (for example:  VOLUME:[dir1.dir2]file on VMS).
  
  =head3 init_linker  I<Abstract>
  
      $mm->init_linker;
  
  Initialize macros which have to do with linking.
  
  PERL_ARCHIVE: path to libperl.a equivalent to be linked to dynamic
  extensions.
  
  PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER: path to a library which should be put on the
  linker command line I<after> the external libraries to be linked to
  dynamic extensions.  This may be needed if the linker is one-pass, and
  Perl includes some overrides for C RTL functions, such as malloc().
  
  EXPORT_LIST: name of a file that is passed to linker to define symbols
  to be exported.
  
  Some OSes do not need these in which case leave it blank.
  
  
  =head3 init_platform
  
      $mm->init_platform
  
  Initialize any macros which are for platform specific use only.
  
  A typical one is the version number of your OS specific module.
  (ie. MM_Unix_VERSION or MM_VMS_VERSION).
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_platform {
      return '';
  }
  
  
  =head3 init_MAKE
  
      $mm->init_MAKE
  
  Initialize MAKE from either a MAKE environment variable or $Config{make}.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_MAKE {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{MAKE} ||= $ENV{MAKE} || $Config{make};
  }
  
  
  =head2 Tools
  
  A grab bag of methods to generate specific macros and commands.
  
  
  
  =head3 manifypods
  
  Defines targets and routines to translate the pods into manpages and
  put them into the INST_* directories.
  
  =cut
  
  sub manifypods {
      my $self          = shift;
  
      my $POD2MAN_macro = $self->POD2MAN_macro();
      my $manifypods_target = $self->manifypods_target();
  
      return <<END_OF_TARGET;
  
  $POD2MAN_macro
  
  $manifypods_target
  
  END_OF_TARGET
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 POD2MAN_macro
  
    my $pod2man_macro = $self->POD2MAN_macro
  
  Returns a definition for the POD2MAN macro.  This is a program
  which emulates the pod2man utility.  You can add more switches to the
  command by simply appending them on the macro.
  
  Typical usage:
  
      $(POD2MAN) --section=3 --perm_rw=$(PERM_RW) podfile1 man_page1 ...
  
  =cut
  
  sub POD2MAN_macro {
      my $self = shift;
  
  # Need the trailing '--' so perl stops gobbling arguments and - happens
  # to be an alternative end of line separator on VMS so we quote it
      return <<'END_OF_DEF';
  POD2MAN_EXE = $(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" -e pod2man "--"
  POD2MAN = $(POD2MAN_EXE)
  END_OF_DEF
  }
  
  
  =head3 test_via_harness
  
    my $command = $mm->test_via_harness($perl, $tests);
  
  Returns a $command line which runs the given set of $tests with
  Test::Harness and the given $perl.
  
  Used on the t/*.t files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_via_harness {
      my($self, $perl, $tests) = @_;
  
      return qq{\t$perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" }.
             qq{"-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(\$(TEST_VERBOSE), '\$(INST_LIB)', '\$(INST_ARCHLIB)')" $tests\n};
  }
  
  =head3 test_via_script
  
    my $command = $mm->test_via_script($perl, $script);
  
  Returns a $command line which just runs a single test without
  Test::Harness.  No checks are done on the results, they're just
  printed.
  
  Used for test.pl, since they don't always follow Test::Harness
  formatting.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_via_script {
      my($self, $perl, $script) = @_;
      return qq{\t$perl "-I\$(INST_LIB)" "-I\$(INST_ARCHLIB)" $script\n};
  }
  
  
  =head3 tool_autosplit
  
  Defines a simple perl call that runs autosplit. May be deprecated by
  pm_to_blib soon.
  
  =cut
  
  sub tool_autosplit {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
  
      my $maxlen = $attribs{MAXLEN} ? '$$AutoSplit::Maxlen=$attribs{MAXLEN};'
                                    : '';
  
      my $asplit = $self->oneliner(sprintf <<'PERL_CODE', $maxlen);
  use AutoSplit; %s autosplit($$ARGV[0], $$ARGV[1], 0, 1, 1)
  PERL_CODE
  
      return sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $asplit;
  # Usage: $(AUTOSPLITFILE) FileToSplit AutoDirToSplitInto
  AUTOSPLITFILE = %s
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  }
  
  
  =head3 arch_check
  
      my $arch_ok = $mm->arch_check(
          $INC{"Config.pm"},
          File::Spec->catfile($Config{archlibexp}, "Config.pm")
      );
  
  A sanity check that what Perl thinks the architecture is and what
  Config thinks the architecture is are the same.  If they're not it
  will return false and show a diagnostic message.
  
  When building Perl it will always return true, as nothing is installed
  yet.
  
  The interface is a bit odd because this is the result of a
  quick refactoring.  Don't rely on it.
  
  =cut
  
  sub arch_check {
      my $self = shift;
      my($pconfig, $cconfig) = @_;
  
      return 1 if $self->{PERL_SRC};
  
      my($pvol, $pthinks) = $self->splitpath($pconfig);
      my($cvol, $cthinks) = $self->splitpath($cconfig);
  
      $pthinks = $self->canonpath($pthinks);
      $cthinks = $self->canonpath($cthinks);
  
      my $ret = 1;
      if ($pthinks ne $cthinks) {
          print "Have $pthinks\n";
          print "Want $cthinks\n";
  
          $ret = 0;
  
          my $arch = (grep length, $self->splitdir($pthinks))[-1];
  
          print <<END unless $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL};
  Your perl and your Config.pm seem to have different ideas about the
  architecture they are running on.
  Perl thinks: [$arch]
  Config says: [$Config{archname}]
  This may or may not cause problems. Please check your installation of perl
  if you have problems building this extension.
  END
      }
  
      return $ret;
  }
  
  
  
  =head2 File::Spec wrappers
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Any is a subclass of File::Spec.  The methods noted here
  override File::Spec.
  
  
  
  =head3 catfile
  
  File::Spec <= 0.83 has a bug where the file part of catfile is not
  canonicalized.  This override fixes that bug.
  
  =cut
  
  sub catfile {
      my $self = shift;
      return $self->canonpath($self->SUPER::catfile(@_));
  }
  
  
  
  =head2 Misc
  
  Methods I can't really figure out where they should go yet.
  
  
  =head3 find_tests
  
    my $test = $mm->find_tests;
  
  Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all
  tests in t/*.t.
  
  =cut
  
  sub find_tests {
      my($self) = shift;
      return -d 't' ? 't/*.t' : '';
  }
  
  =head3 find_tests_recursive
  
    my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive;
  
  Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all
  tests in t/ but recursively. Equivalent to
  
    my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive_in('t');
  
  =cut
  
  sub find_tests_recursive {
      my $self = shift;
      return $self->find_tests_recursive_in('t');
  }
  
  =head3 find_tests_recursive_in
  
    my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive_in($dir);
  
  Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all
  tests in $dir recursively.
  
  =cut
  
  sub find_tests_recursive_in {
      my($self, $dir) = @_;
      return '' unless -d $dir;
  
      require File::Find;
  
      my $base_depth = grep { $_ ne '' } File::Spec->splitdir( (File::Spec->splitpath($dir))[1] );
      my %depths;
  
      my $wanted = sub {
          return unless m!\.t$!;
          my ($volume,$directories,$file) =
              File::Spec->splitpath( $File::Find::name  );
          my $depth = grep { $_ ne '' } File::Spec->splitdir( $directories );
          $depth -= $base_depth;
          $depths{ $depth } = 1;
      };
  
      File::Find::find( $wanted, $dir );
  
      return join ' ',
          map { $dir . '/*' x $_ . '.t' }
          sort { $a <=> $b }
          keys %depths;
  }
  
  =head3 extra_clean_files
  
      my @files_to_clean = $MM->extra_clean_files;
  
  Returns a list of OS specific files to be removed in the clean target in
  addition to the usual set.
  
  =cut
  
  # An empty method here tickled a perl 5.8.1 bug and would return its object.
  sub extra_clean_files {
      return;
  }
  
  
  =head3 installvars
  
      my @installvars = $mm->installvars;
  
  A list of all the INSTALL* variables without the INSTALL prefix.  Useful
  for iteration or building related variable sets.
  
  =cut
  
  sub installvars {
      return qw(PRIVLIB SITELIB  VENDORLIB
                ARCHLIB SITEARCH VENDORARCH
                BIN     SITEBIN  VENDORBIN
                SCRIPT  SITESCRIPT  VENDORSCRIPT
                MAN1DIR SITEMAN1DIR VENDORMAN1DIR
                MAN3DIR SITEMAN3DIR VENDORMAN3DIR
               );
  }
  
  
  =head3 libscan
  
    my $wanted = $self->libscan($path);
  
  Takes a path to a file or dir and returns an empty string if we don't
  want to include this file in the library.  Otherwise it returns the
  the $path unchanged.
  
  Mainly used to exclude version control administrative directories
  and base-level F<README.pod> from installation.
  
  =cut
  
  sub libscan {
      my($self,$path) = @_;
  
      if ($path =~ m<^README\.pod$>i) {
          warn "WARNING: Older versions of ExtUtils::MakeMaker may errantly install $path as part of this distribution. It is recommended to avoid using this path in CPAN modules.\n"
            unless $ENV{PERL_CORE};
          return '';
      }
  
      my($dirs,$file) = ($self->splitpath($path))[1,2];
      return '' if grep /^(?:RCS|CVS|SCCS|\.svn|_darcs)$/,
                       $self->splitdir($dirs), $file;
  
      return $path;
  }
  
  
  =head3 platform_constants
  
      my $make_frag = $mm->platform_constants
  
  Returns a make fragment defining all the macros initialized in
  init_platform() rather than put them in constants().
  
  =cut
  
  sub platform_constants {
      return '';
  }
  
  =head3 post_constants (o)
  
  Returns an empty string per default. Dedicated to overrides from
  within Makefile.PL after all constants have been defined.
  
  =cut
  
  sub post_constants {
      "";
  }
  
  =head3 post_initialize (o)
  
  Returns an empty string per default. Used in Makefile.PLs to add some
  chunk of text to the Makefile after the object is initialized.
  
  =cut
  
  sub post_initialize {
      "";
  }
  
  =head3 postamble (o)
  
  Returns an empty string. Can be used in Makefile.PLs to write some
  text to the Makefile at the end.
  
  =cut
  
  sub postamble {
      "";
  }
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _PREREQ_PRINT
  
      $self->_PREREQ_PRINT;
  
  Implements PREREQ_PRINT.
  
  Refactored out of MakeMaker->new().
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _PREREQ_PRINT {
      my $self = shift;
  
      require Data::Dumper;
      my @what = ('PREREQ_PM');
      push @what, 'MIN_PERL_VERSION' if $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION};
      push @what, 'BUILD_REQUIRES'   if $self->{BUILD_REQUIRES};
      print Data::Dumper->Dump([@{$self}{@what}], \@what);
      exit 0;
  }
  
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _PRINT_PREREQ
  
    $mm->_PRINT_PREREQ;
  
  Implements PRINT_PREREQ, a slightly different version of PREREQ_PRINT
  added by Redhat to, I think, support generating RPMs from Perl modules.
  
  Should not include BUILD_REQUIRES as RPMs do not include them.
  
  Refactored out of MakeMaker->new().
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _PRINT_PREREQ {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $prereqs= $self->{PREREQ_PM};
      my @prereq = map { [$_, $prereqs->{$_}] } keys %$prereqs;
  
      if ( $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
          push @prereq, ['perl' => $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}];
      }
  
      print join(" ", map { "perl($_->[0])>=$_->[1] " }
                   sort { $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @prereq), "\n";
      exit 0;
  }
  
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _perl_header_files
  
    my $perl_header_files= $self->_perl_header_files;
  
  returns a sorted list of header files as found in PERL_SRC or $archlibexp/CORE.
  
  Used by perldepend() in MM_Unix and MM_VMS via _perl_header_files_fragment()
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _perl_header_files {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $header_dir = $self->{PERL_SRC} || $ENV{PERL_SRC} || $self->catdir($Config{archlibexp}, 'CORE');
      opendir my $dh, $header_dir
          or die "Failed to opendir '$header_dir' to find header files: $!";
  
      # we need to use a temporary here as the sort in scalar context would have undefined results.
      my @perl_headers= sort grep { /\.h\z/ } readdir($dh);
  
      closedir $dh;
  
      return @perl_headers;
  }
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _perl_header_files_fragment ($o, $separator)
  
    my $perl_header_files_fragment= $self->_perl_header_files_fragment("/");
  
  return a Makefile fragment which holds the list of perl header files which
  XS code depends on $(PERL_INC), and sets up the dependency for the $(OBJECT) file.
  
  The $separator argument defaults to "". MM_VMS will set it to "" and MM_UNIX to "/"
  in perldepend(). This reason child subclasses need to control this is that in
  VMS the $(PERL_INC) directory will already have delimiters in it, but in
  UNIX $(PERL_INC) will need a slash between it an the filename. Hypothetically
  win32 could use "\\" (but it doesn't need to).
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _perl_header_files_fragment {
      my ($self, $separator)= @_;
      $separator ||= "";
      return join("\\\n",
                  "PERL_HDRS = ",
                  map {
                      sprintf( "        \$(PERL_INCDEP)%s%s            ", $separator, $_ )
                  } $self->_perl_header_files()
             ) . "\n\n"
             . "\$(OBJECT) : \$(PERL_HDRS)\n";
  }
  
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> and the denizens of
  makemaker@perl.org with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix and
  ExtUtils::MM_Win32.
  
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_ANY

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_BeOS.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_BEOS';
  package ExtUtils::MM_BeOS;
  
  use strict;
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
   use ExtUtils::MM_BeOS;	# Done internally by ExtUtils::MakeMaker if needed
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided
  there. This package overrides the implementation of these methods, not
  the semantics.
  
  =over 4
  
  =cut
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use File::Spec;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  
  our @ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::MM_Unix );
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  BeOS is BeOS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('BeOS');
  }
  
  =item init_linker
  
  libperl.a equivalent to be linked to dynamic extensions.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_linker {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} ||=
        File::Spec->catdir('$(PERL_INC)',$Config{libperl});
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP} ||= '';
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} ||= '';
      $self->{EXPORT_LIST}  ||= '';
  }
  
  =back
  
  1;
  __END__
  
EXTUTILS_MM_BEOS

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_CYGWIN';
  package ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin;
  
  use strict;
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use File::Spec;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
  our @ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Unix );
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
   use ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin; # Done internally by ExtUtils::MakeMaker if needed
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided there.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  We're Unix and Cygwin.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('Unix', 'Cygwin');
  }
  
  =item cflags
  
  if configured for dynamic loading, triggers #define EXT in EXTERN.h
  
  =cut
  
  sub cflags {
      my($self,$libperl)=@_;
      return $self->{CFLAGS} if $self->{CFLAGS};
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
  
      my $base = $self->SUPER::cflags($libperl);
      foreach (split /\n/, $base) {
          /^(\S*)\s*=\s*(\S*)$/ and $self->{$1} = $2;
      };
      $self->{CCFLAGS} .= " -DUSEIMPORTLIB" if ($Config{useshrplib} eq 'true');
  
      return $self->{CFLAGS} = qq{
  CCFLAGS = $self->{CCFLAGS}
  OPTIMIZE = $self->{OPTIMIZE}
  PERLTYPE = $self->{PERLTYPE}
  };
  
  }
  
  
  =item replace_manpage_separator
  
  replaces strings '::' with '.' in MAN*POD man page names
  
  =cut
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self, $man) = @_;
      $man =~ s{/+}{.}g;
      return $man;
  }
  
  =item init_linker
  
  points to libperl.a
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_linker {
      my $self = shift;
  
      if ($Config{useshrplib} eq 'true') {
          my $libperl = '$(PERL_INC)' .'/'. "$Config{libperl}";
          if( $] >= 5.006002 ) {
              $libperl =~ s/(dll\.)?a$/dll.a/;
          }
          $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} = $libperl;
      } else {
          $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} =
            '$(PERL_INC)' .'/'. ("$Config{libperl}" or "libperl.a");
      }
  
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP} ||= '';
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} ||= '';
      $self->{EXPORT_LIST}  ||= '';
  }
  
  =item maybe_command
  
  Determine whether a file is native to Cygwin by checking whether it
  resides inside the Cygwin installation (using Windows paths). If so,
  use C<ExtUtils::MM_Unix> to determine if it may be a command.
  Otherwise use the tests from C<ExtUtils::MM_Win32>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maybe_command {
      my ($self, $file) = @_;
  
      my $cygpath = Cygwin::posix_to_win_path('/', 1);
      my $filepath = Cygwin::posix_to_win_path($file, 1);
  
      return (substr($filepath,0,length($cygpath)) eq $cygpath)
      ? $self->SUPER::maybe_command($file) # Unix
      : ExtUtils::MM_Win32->maybe_command($file); # Win32
  }
  
  =item dynamic_lib
  
  Use the default to produce the *.dll's.
  But for new archdir dll's use the same rebase address if the old exists.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dynamic_lib {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my $s = ExtUtils::MM_Unix::dynamic_lib($self, %attribs);
      return '' unless $s;
      return $s unless %{$self->{XS}};
  
      # do an ephemeral rebase so the new DLL fits to the current rebase map
      $s .= "\t/bin/find \$\(INST_ARCHLIB\)/auto -xdev -name \\*.$self->{DLEXT} | /bin/rebase -sOT -" if (( $Config{myarchname} eq 'i686-cygwin' ) and not ( exists $ENV{CYGPORT_PACKAGE_VERSION} ));
      $s;
  }
  
  =item install
  
  Rebase dll's with the global rebase database after installation.
  
  =cut
  
  sub install {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my $s = ExtUtils::MM_Unix::install($self, %attribs);
      return '' unless $s;
      return $s unless %{$self->{XS}};
  
      my $INSTALLDIRS = $self->{INSTALLDIRS};
      my $INSTALLLIB = $self->{"INSTALL". ($INSTALLDIRS eq 'perl' ? 'ARCHLIB' : uc($INSTALLDIRS)."ARCH")};
      my $dop = "\$\(DESTDIR\)$INSTALLLIB/auto/";
      my $dll = "$dop/$self->{FULLEXT}/$self->{BASEEXT}.$self->{DLEXT}";
      $s =~ s|^(pure_install :: pure_\$\(INSTALLDIRS\)_install\n\t)\$\(NOECHO\) \$\(NOOP\)\n|$1\$(CHMOD) \$(PERM_RWX) $dll\n\t/bin/find $dop -xdev -name \\*.$self->{DLEXT} \| /bin/rebase -sOT -\n|m if (( $Config{myarchname} eq 'i686-cygwin') and not ( exists $ENV{CYGPORT_PACKAGE_VERSION} ));
      $s;
  }
  
  =item all_target
  
  Build man pages, too
  
  =cut
  
  sub all_target {
      ExtUtils::MM_Unix::all_target(shift);
  }
  
  =back
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_CYGWIN

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_DOS.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_DOS';
  package ExtUtils::MM_DOS;
  
  use strict;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::MM_Unix );
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    Don't use this module directly.
    Use ExtUtils::MM and let it choose.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix which contains functionality
  for DOS.
  
  Unless otherwise stated, it works just like ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  =over 4
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('DOS');
  }
  
  =item B<replace_manpage_separator>
  
  Generates Foo__Bar.3 style man page names
  
  =cut
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self, $man) = @_;
  
      $man =~ s,/+,__,g;
      return $man;
  }
  
  =item xs_static_lib_is_xs
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_static_lib_is_xs {
      return 1;
  }
  
  =back
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_DOS

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_Darwin.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_DARWIN';
  package ExtUtils::MM_Darwin;
  
  use strict;
  
  BEGIN {
      require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
      our @ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Unix );
  }
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Darwin - special behaviors for OS X
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
      For internal MakeMaker use only
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix> for L<ExtUtils::MM_Any> for documentation on the
  methods overridden here.
  
  =head2 Overridden Methods
  
  =head3 init_dist
  
  Turn off Apple tar's tendency to copy resource forks as "._foo" files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_dist {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Thank you, Apple, for breaking tar and then breaking the work around.
      # 10.4 wants COPY_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES_DISABLE while 10.5 wants
      # COPYFILE_DISABLE.  I'm not going to push my luck and instead just
      # set both.
      $self->{TAR} ||=
          'COPY_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES_DISABLE=1 COPYFILE_DISABLE=1 tar';
  
      $self->SUPER::init_dist(@_);
  }
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_DARWIN

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_MacOS.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_MACOS';
  package ExtUtils::MM_MacOS;
  
  use strict;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  sub new {
      die 'MacOS Classic (MacPerl) is no longer supported by MakeMaker';
  }
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    # MM_MacOS no longer contains any code.  This is just a stub.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  Once upon a time, MakeMaker could produce an approximation of a correct
  Makefile on MacOS Classic (MacPerl).  Due to a lack of maintainers, this
  fell out of sync with the rest of MakeMaker and hadn't worked in years.
  Since there's little chance of it being repaired, MacOS Classic is fading
  away, and the code was icky to begin with, the code has been deleted to
  make maintenance easier.
  
  Anyone interested in resurrecting this file should pull the old version
  from the MakeMaker CVS repository and contact makemaker@perl.org.
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_MACOS

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_NW5.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_NW5';
  package ExtUtils::MM_NW5;
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
   use ExtUtils::MM_NW5; # Done internally by ExtUtils::MakeMaker if needed
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided
  there. This package overrides the implementation of these methods, not
  the semantics.
  
  =over
  
  =cut
  
  use strict;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use File::Basename;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Win32);
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(&neatvalue &_sprintf562);
  
  $ENV{EMXSHELL} = 'sh'; # to run `commands`
  
  my $BORLAND  = $Config{'cc'} =~ /\bbcc/i;
  my $GCC      = $Config{'cc'} =~ /\bgcc/i;
  
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  We're Netware in addition to being Windows.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      my $self = shift;
      return ($self->SUPER::os_flavor, 'Netware');
  }
  
  =item init_platform
  
  Add Netware macros.
  
  LIBPTH, BASE_IMPORT, NLM_VERSION, MPKTOOL, TOOLPATH, BOOT_SYMBOL,
  NLM_SHORT_NAME, INCLUDE, PATH, MM_NW5_REVISION
  
  
  =item platform_constants
  
  Add Netware macros initialized above to the Makefile.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_platform {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      # To get Win32's setup.
      $self->SUPER::init_platform;
  
      # incpath is copied to makefile var INCLUDE in constants sub, here just
      # make it empty
      my $libpth = $Config{'libpth'};
      $libpth =~ s( )(;);
      $self->{'LIBPTH'} = $libpth;
  
      $self->{'BASE_IMPORT'} = $Config{'base_import'};
  
      # Additional import file specified from Makefile.pl
      if($self->{'base_import'}) {
          $self->{'BASE_IMPORT'} .= ', ' . $self->{'base_import'};
      }
  
      $self->{'NLM_VERSION'} = $Config{'nlm_version'};
      $self->{'MPKTOOL'}	= $Config{'mpktool'};
      $self->{'TOOLPATH'}	= $Config{'toolpath'};
  
      (my $boot = $self->{'NAME'}) =~ s/:/_/g;
      $self->{'BOOT_SYMBOL'}=$boot;
  
      # If the final binary name is greater than 8 chars,
      # truncate it here.
      if(length($self->{'BASEEXT'}) > 8) {
          $self->{'NLM_SHORT_NAME'} = substr($self->{'BASEEXT'},0,8);
      }
  
      # Get the include path and replace the spaces with ;
      # Copy this to makefile as INCLUDE = d:\...;d:\;
      ($self->{INCLUDE} = $Config{'incpath'}) =~ s/([ ]*)-I/;/g;
  
      # Set the path to CodeWarrior binaries which might not have been set in
      # any other place
      $self->{PATH} = '$(PATH);$(TOOLPATH)';
  
      $self->{MM_NW5_VERSION} = $VERSION;
  }
  
  sub platform_constants {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $make_frag = '';
  
      # Setup Win32's constants.
      $make_frag .= $self->SUPER::platform_constants;
  
      foreach my $macro (qw(LIBPTH BASE_IMPORT NLM_VERSION MPKTOOL
                            TOOLPATH BOOT_SYMBOL NLM_SHORT_NAME INCLUDE PATH
                            MM_NW5_VERSION
                        ))
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          $make_frag .= "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
      }
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  =item static_lib_pure_cmd
  
  Defines how to run the archive utility
  
  =cut
  
  sub static_lib_pure_cmd {
      my ($self, $src) = @_;
      $src =~ s/(\$\(\w+)(\))/$1:^"+"$2/g if $BORLAND;
      sprintf qq{\t\$(AR) %s\n}, ($BORLAND ? '$@ ' . $src
                            : ($GCC ? '-ru $@ ' . $src
                                    : '-type library -o $@ ' . $src));
  }
  
  =item xs_static_lib_is_xs
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_static_lib_is_xs {
      return 1;
  }
  
  =item dynamic_lib
  
  Override of utility methods for OS-specific work.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_make_dynamic_lib {
      my ($self, $attribs, $from, $to, $todir, $ldfrom, $exportlist) = @_;
      my @m;
      # Taking care of long names like FileHandle, ByteLoader, SDBM_File etc
      if ($to =~ /^\$/) {
          if ($self->{NLM_SHORT_NAME}) {
              # deal with shortnames
              my $newto = q{$(INST_AUTODIR)\\$(NLM_SHORT_NAME).$(DLEXT)};
              push @m, "$to: $newto\n\n";
              $to = $newto;
          }
      } else {
          my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($to);
          # relies on $f having a literal "." in it, unlike for $(OBJ_EXT)
          if ($f =~ /[^\.]{9}\./) {
              # 9+ chars before '.', need to shorten
              $f = substr $f, 0, 8;
          }
          my $newto = File::Spec->catpath($v, $d, $f);
          push @m, "$to: $newto\n\n";
          $to = $newto;
      }
      # bits below should be in dlsyms, not here
      #                                   1    2      3       4
      push @m, _sprintf562 <<'MAKE_FRAG', $to, $from, $todir, $exportlist;
  # Create xdc data for an MT safe NLM in case of mpk build
  %1$s: %2$s $(MYEXTLIB) $(BOOTSTRAP) %3$s$(DFSEP).exists
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Export boot_$(BOOT_SYMBOL) > %4$s
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) $(BASE_IMPORT) >> %4$s
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Import @$(PERL_INC)\perl.imp >> %4$s
  MAKE_FRAG
      if ( $self->{CCFLAGS} =~ m/ -DMPK_ON /) {
          (my $xdc = $exportlist) =~ s#def\z#xdc#;
          $xdc = '$(BASEEXT).xdc';
          push @m, sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $xdc, $exportlist;
  	$(MPKTOOL) $(XDCFLAGS) %s
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) xdcdata $(BASEEXT).xdc >> %s
  MAKE_FRAG
      }
      # Reconstruct the X.Y.Z version.
      my $version = join '.', map { sprintf "%d", $_ }
                                $] =~ /(\d)\.(\d{3})(\d{2})/;
      push @m, sprintf <<'EOF', $from, $version, $to, $exportlist;
  	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) %s -desc "Perl %s Extension ($(BASEEXT))  XS_VERSION: $(XS_VERSION)" -nlmversion $(NLM_VERSION) -o %s $(MYEXTLIB) $(PERL_INC)\Main.lib -commandfile %s
  	$(CHMOD) 755 $@
  EOF
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  1;
  __END__
  
  =back
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_MM_NW5

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_OS2.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_OS2';
  package ExtUtils::MM_OS2;
  
  use strict;
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(neatvalue);
  use File::Spec;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::MM_Unix);
  
  =pod
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
   use ExtUtils::MM_OS2; # Done internally by ExtUtils::MakeMaker if needed
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided
  there. This package overrides the implementation of these methods, not
  the semantics.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  =over 4
  
  =item init_dist
  
  Define TO_UNIX to convert OS2 linefeeds to Unix style.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_dist {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      $self->{TO_UNIX} ||= <<'MAKE_TEXT';
  $(NOECHO) $(TEST_F) tmp.zip && $(RM_F) tmp.zip; $(ZIP) -ll -mr tmp.zip $(DISTVNAME) && unzip -o tmp.zip && $(RM_F) tmp.zip
  MAKE_TEXT
  
      $self->SUPER::init_dist;
  }
  
  sub dlsyms {
      my($self,%attribs) = @_;
      if ($self->{IMPORTS} && %{$self->{IMPORTS}}) {
  	# Make import files (needed for static build)
  	-d 'tmp_imp' or mkdir 'tmp_imp', 0777 or die "Can't mkdir tmp_imp";
  	open my $imp, '>', 'tmpimp.imp' or die "Can't open tmpimp.imp";
  	foreach my $name (sort keys %{$self->{IMPORTS}}) {
  	    my $exp = $self->{IMPORTS}->{$name};
  	    my ($lib, $id) = ($exp =~ /(.*)\.(.*)/) or die "Malformed IMPORT `$exp'";
  	    print $imp "$name $lib $id ?\n";
  	}
  	close $imp or die "Can't close tmpimp.imp";
  	# print "emximp -o tmpimp$Config::Config{lib_ext} tmpimp.imp\n";
  	system "emximp -o tmpimp$Config::Config{lib_ext} tmpimp.imp"
  	    and die "Cannot make import library: $!, \$?=$?";
  	# May be running under miniperl, so have no glob...
  	eval { unlink <tmp_imp/*>; 1 } or system "rm tmp_imp/*";
  	system "cd tmp_imp; $Config::Config{ar} x ../tmpimp$Config::Config{lib_ext}"
  	    and die "Cannot extract import objects: $!, \$?=$?";
      }
      return '' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{'dynamic'};
      $self->xs_dlsyms_iterator(\%attribs);
  }
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_ext {
      '.def';
  }
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_extra {
      join '', map { qq{, "$_" => "\$($_)"} } qw(VERSION DISTNAME INSTALLDIRS);
  }
  
  sub static_lib_pure_cmd {
      my($self) = @_;
      my $old = $self->SUPER::static_lib_pure_cmd;
      return $old unless $self->{IMPORTS} && %{$self->{IMPORTS}};
      $old . <<'EOC';
  	$(AR) $(AR_STATIC_ARGS) "$@" tmp_imp/*
  	$(RANLIB) "$@"
  EOC
  }
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self,$man) = @_;
      $man =~ s,/+,.,g;
      $man;
  }
  
  sub maybe_command {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      $file =~ s,[/\\]+,/,g;
      return $file if -x $file && ! -d _;
      return "$file.exe" if -x "$file.exe" && ! -d _;
      return "$file.cmd" if -x "$file.cmd" && ! -d _;
      return;
  }
  
  =item init_linker
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_linker {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} = "\$(PERL_INC)/libperl\$(LIB_EXT)";
  
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP} ||= '';
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} = $OS2::is_aout
        ? ''
        : '$(PERL_INC)/libperl_override$(LIB_EXT)';
      $self->{EXPORT_LIST} = '$(BASEEXT).def';
  }
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  OS/2 is OS/2
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('OS/2');
  }
  
  =item xs_static_lib_is_xs
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_static_lib_is_xs {
      return 1;
  }
  
  =back
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_OS2

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_QNX.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_QNX';
  package ExtUtils::MM_QNX;
  
  use strict;
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Unix);
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    Don't use this module directly.
    Use ExtUtils::MM and let it choose.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix which contains functionality for
  QNX.
  
  Unless otherwise stated it works just like ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  =head3 extra_clean_files
  
  Add .err files corresponding to each .c file.
  
  =cut
  
  sub extra_clean_files {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my @errfiles = @{$self->{C}};
      for ( @errfiles ) {
  	s/.c$/.err/;
      }
  
      return( @errfiles, 'perlmain.err' );
  }
  
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_QNX

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_UWIN.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_UWIN';
  package ExtUtils::MM_UWIN;
  
  use strict;
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Unix);
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    Don't use this module directly.
    Use ExtUtils::MM and let it choose.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix which contains functionality for
  the AT&T U/WIN UNIX on Windows environment.
  
  Unless otherwise stated it works just like ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  =over 4
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  In addition to being Unix, we're U/WIN.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('Unix', 'U/WIN');
  }
  
  
  =item B<replace_manpage_separator>
  
  =cut
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self, $man) = @_;
  
      $man =~ s,/+,.,g;
      return $man;
  }
  
  =back
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MM_Win32>, L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_UWIN

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_Unix.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_UNIX';
  package ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  
  require 5.006;
  
  use strict;
  
  use Carp;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
  
  our %Config_Override;
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw($Verbose neatvalue _sprintf562);
  
  # If we make $VERSION an our variable parse_version() breaks
  use vars qw($VERSION);
  $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;  ## no critic [BuiltinFunctions::ProhibitStringyEval]
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Any);
  
  my %Is;
  BEGIN {
      $Is{OS2}     = $^O eq 'os2';
      $Is{Win32}   = $^O eq 'MSWin32' || $Config{osname} eq 'NetWare';
      $Is{Dos}     = $^O eq 'dos';
      $Is{VMS}     = $^O eq 'VMS';
      $Is{OSF}     = $^O eq 'dec_osf';
      $Is{IRIX}    = $^O eq 'irix';
      $Is{NetBSD}  = $^O eq 'netbsd';
      $Is{Interix} = $^O eq 'interix';
      $Is{SunOS4}  = $^O eq 'sunos';
      $Is{Solaris} = $^O eq 'solaris';
      $Is{SunOS}   = $Is{SunOS4} || $Is{Solaris};
      $Is{BSD}     = ($^O =~ /^(?:free|net|open)bsd$/ or
                     grep( $^O eq $_, qw(bsdos interix dragonfly) )
                    );
      $Is{Android} = $^O =~ /android/;
  }
  
  BEGIN {
      if( $Is{VMS} ) {
          # For things like vmsify()
          require VMS::Filespec;
          VMS::Filespec->import;
      }
  }
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
  C<require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;>
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  The methods provided by this package are designed to be used in
  conjunction with ExtUtils::MakeMaker. When MakeMaker writes a
  Makefile, it creates one or more objects that inherit their methods
  from a package C<MM>. MM itself doesn't provide any methods, but it
  ISA ExtUtils::MM_Unix class. The inheritance tree of MM lets operating
  specific packages take the responsibility for all the methods provided
  by MM_Unix. We are trying to reduce the number of the necessary
  overrides by defining rather primitive operations within
  ExtUtils::MM_Unix.
  
  If you are going to write a platform specific MM package, please try
  to limit the necessary overrides to primitive methods, and if it is not
  possible to do so, let's work out how to achieve that gain.
  
  If you are overriding any of these methods in your Makefile.PL (in the
  MY class), please report that to the makemaker mailing list. We are
  trying to minimize the necessary method overrides and switch to data
  driven Makefile.PLs wherever possible. In the long run less methods
  will be overridable via the MY class.
  
  =head1 METHODS
  
  The following description of methods is still under
  development. Please refer to the code for not suitably documented
  sections and complain loudly to the makemaker@perl.org mailing list.
  Better yet, provide a patch.
  
  Not all of the methods below are overridable in a
  Makefile.PL. Overridable methods are marked as (o). All methods are
  overridable by a platform specific MM_*.pm file.
  
  Cross-platform methods are being moved into MM_Any.  If you can't find
  something that used to be in here, look in MM_Any.
  
  =cut
  
  # So we don't have to keep calling the methods over and over again,
  # we have these globals to cache the values.  Faster and shrtr.
  my $Curdir  = __PACKAGE__->curdir;
  my $Updir   = __PACKAGE__->updir;
  
  
  =head2 Methods
  
  =over 4
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  Simply says that we're Unix.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('Unix');
  }
  
  
  =item c_o (o)
  
  Defines the suffix rules to compile different flavors of C files to
  object files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub c_o {
  # --- Translation Sections ---
  
      my($self) = shift;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      my(@m);
  
      my $command = '$(CCCMD)';
      my $flags   = '$(CCCDLFLAGS) "-I$(PERL_INC)" $(PASTHRU_DEFINE) $(DEFINE)';
  
      if (my $cpp = $Config{cpprun}) {
          my $cpp_cmd = $self->const_cccmd;
          $cpp_cmd =~ s/^CCCMD\s*=\s*\$\(CC\)/$cpp/;
          push @m, qq{
  .c.i:
  	$cpp_cmd $flags \$*.c > \$*.i
  };
      }
  
      my $m_o = $self->{XSMULTI} ? $self->xs_obj_opt('$*.s') : '';
      push @m, sprintf <<'EOF', $command, $flags, $m_o;
  
  .c.s :
  	%s -S %s $*.c %s
  EOF
  
      my @exts = qw(c cpp cxx cc);
      push @exts, 'C' if !$Is{OS2} and !$Is{Win32} and !$Is{Dos}; #Case-specific
      $m_o = $self->{XSMULTI} ? $self->xs_obj_opt('$*$(OBJ_EXT)') : '';
      for my $ext (@exts) {
  	push @m, "\n.$ext\$(OBJ_EXT) :\n\t$command $flags \$*.$ext" . ( $m_o ? " $m_o" : '' ) . "\n";
      }
      return join "", @m;
  }
  
  
  =item xs_obj_opt
  
  Takes the object file as an argument, and returns the portion of compile
  command-line that will output to the specified object file.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_obj_opt {
      my ($self, $output_file) = @_;
      "-o $output_file";
  }
  
  
  =item cflags (o)
  
  Does very much the same as the cflags script in the perl
  distribution. It doesn't return the whole compiler command line, but
  initializes all of its parts. The const_cccmd method then actually
  returns the definition of the CCCMD macro which uses these parts.
  
  =cut
  
  #'
  
  sub cflags {
      my($self,$libperl)=@_;
      return $self->{CFLAGS} if $self->{CFLAGS};
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
  
      my($prog, $uc, $perltype, %cflags);
      $libperl ||= $self->{LIBPERL_A} || "libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}" ;
      $libperl =~ s/\.\$\(A\)$/$self->{LIB_EXT}/;
  
      @cflags{qw(cc ccflags optimize shellflags)}
  	= @Config{qw(cc ccflags optimize shellflags)};
  
      # Perl 5.21.4 adds the (gcc) warning (-Wall ...) and std (-std=c89)
      # flags to the %Config, and the modules in the core should be built
      # with the warning flags, but NOT the -std=c89 flags (the latter
      # would break using any system header files that are strict C99).
      my @ccextraflags = qw(ccwarnflags);
      if ($ENV{PERL_CORE}) {
        for my $x (@ccextraflags) {
          if (exists $Config{$x}) {
            $cflags{$x} = $Config{$x};
          }
        }
      }
  
      my($optdebug) = "";
  
      $cflags{shellflags} ||= '';
  
      my(%map) =  (
  		D =>   '-DDEBUGGING',
  		E =>   '-DEMBED',
  		DE =>  '-DDEBUGGING -DEMBED',
  		M =>   '-DEMBED -DMULTIPLICITY',
  		DM =>  '-DDEBUGGING -DEMBED -DMULTIPLICITY',
  		);
  
      if ($libperl =~ /libperl(\w*)\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}/){
  	$uc = uc($1);
      } else {
  	$uc = ""; # avoid warning
      }
      $perltype = $map{$uc} ? $map{$uc} : "";
  
      if ($uc =~ /^D/) {
  	$optdebug = "-g";
      }
  
  
      my($name);
      ( $name = $self->{NAME} . "_cflags" ) =~ s/:/_/g ;
      if ($prog = $Config{$name}) {
  	# Expand hints for this extension via the shell
  	print "Processing $name hint:\n" if $Verbose;
  	my(@o)=`cc=\"$cflags{cc}\"
  	  ccflags=\"$cflags{ccflags}\"
  	  optimize=\"$cflags{optimize}\"
  	  perltype=\"$cflags{perltype}\"
  	  optdebug=\"$cflags{optdebug}\"
  	  eval '$prog'
  	  echo cc=\$cc
  	  echo ccflags=\$ccflags
  	  echo optimize=\$optimize
  	  echo perltype=\$perltype
  	  echo optdebug=\$optdebug
  	  `;
  	foreach my $line (@o){
  	    chomp $line;
  	    if ($line =~ /(.*?)=\s*(.*)\s*$/){
  		$cflags{$1} = $2;
  		print "	$1 = $2\n" if $Verbose;
  	    } else {
  		print "Unrecognised result from hint: '$line'\n";
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      if ($optdebug) {
  	$cflags{optimize} = $optdebug;
      }
  
      for (qw(ccflags optimize perltype)) {
          $cflags{$_} ||= '';
  	$cflags{$_} =~ s/^\s+//;
  	$cflags{$_} =~ s/\s+/ /g;
  	$cflags{$_} =~ s/\s+$//;
  	$self->{uc $_} ||= $cflags{$_};
      }
  
      if ($self->{POLLUTE}) {
  	$self->{CCFLAGS} .= ' -DPERL_POLLUTE ';
      }
  
      for my $x (@ccextraflags) {
        next unless exists $cflags{$x};
        $self->{CCFLAGS} .= $cflags{$x} =~ m!^\s! ? $cflags{$x} : ' ' . $cflags{$x};
      }
  
      my $pollute = '';
      if ($Config{usemymalloc} and not $Config{bincompat5005}
  	and not $Config{ccflags} =~ /-DPERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC\b/
  	and $self->{PERL_MALLOC_OK}) {
  	$pollute = '$(PERL_MALLOC_DEF)';
      }
  
      return $self->{CFLAGS} = qq{
  CCFLAGS = $self->{CCFLAGS}
  OPTIMIZE = $self->{OPTIMIZE}
  PERLTYPE = $self->{PERLTYPE}
  MPOLLUTE = $pollute
  };
  
  }
  
  
  =item const_cccmd (o)
  
  Returns the full compiler call for C programs and stores the
  definition in CONST_CCCMD.
  
  =cut
  
  sub const_cccmd {
      my($self,$libperl)=@_;
      return $self->{CONST_CCCMD} if $self->{CONST_CCCMD};
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      return $self->{CONST_CCCMD} =
  	q{CCCMD = $(CC) -c $(PASTHRU_INC) $(INC) \\
  	$(CCFLAGS) $(OPTIMIZE) \\
  	$(PERLTYPE) $(MPOLLUTE) $(DEFINE_VERSION) \\
  	$(XS_DEFINE_VERSION)};
  }
  
  =item const_config (o)
  
  Sets SHELL if needed, then defines a couple of constants in the Makefile
  that are imported from %Config.
  
  =cut
  
  sub const_config {
  # --- Constants Sections ---
  
      my($self) = shift;
      my @m = $self->specify_shell(); # Usually returns empty string
      push @m, <<"END";
  
  # These definitions are from config.sh (via $INC{'Config.pm'}).
  # They may have been overridden via Makefile.PL or on the command line.
  END
  
      my(%once_only);
      foreach my $key (@{$self->{CONFIG}}){
          # SITE*EXP macros are defined in &constants; avoid duplicates here
          next if $once_only{$key};
          push @m, uc($key) , ' = ' , $self->{uc $key}, "\n";
          $once_only{$key} = 1;
      }
      join('', @m);
  }
  
  =item const_loadlibs (o)
  
  Defines EXTRALIBS, LDLOADLIBS, BSLOADLIBS, LD_RUN_PATH. See
  L<ExtUtils::Liblist> for details.
  
  =cut
  
  sub const_loadlibs {
      my($self) = shift;
      return "" unless $self->needs_linking;
      my @m;
      push @m, qq{
  # $self->{NAME} might depend on some other libraries:
  # See ExtUtils::Liblist for details
  #
  };
      for my $tmp (qw/
           EXTRALIBS LDLOADLIBS BSLOADLIBS
           /) {
          next unless defined $self->{$tmp};
          push @m, "$tmp = $self->{$tmp}\n";
      }
      # don't set LD_RUN_PATH if empty
      for my $tmp (qw/
           LD_RUN_PATH
           /) {
          next unless $self->{$tmp};
          push @m, "$tmp = $self->{$tmp}\n";
      }
      return join "", @m;
  }
  
  =item constants (o)
  
    my $make_frag = $mm->constants;
  
  Prints out macros for lots of constants.
  
  =cut
  
  sub constants {
      my($self) = @_;
      my @m = ();
  
      $self->{DFSEP} = '$(DIRFILESEP)';  # alias for internal use
  
      for my $macro (qw(
  
                AR_STATIC_ARGS DIRFILESEP DFSEP
                NAME NAME_SYM
                VERSION    VERSION_MACRO    VERSION_SYM DEFINE_VERSION
                XS_VERSION XS_VERSION_MACRO             XS_DEFINE_VERSION
                INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT INST_BIN INST_LIB
                INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR
                MAN1EXT      MAN3EXT
                INSTALLDIRS INSTALL_BASE DESTDIR PREFIX
                PERLPREFIX      SITEPREFIX      VENDORPREFIX
                     ),
                     (map { ("INSTALL".$_,
                            "DESTINSTALL".$_)
                          } $self->installvars),
                     qw(
                PERL_LIB
                PERL_ARCHLIB PERL_ARCHLIBDEP
                LIBPERL_A MYEXTLIB
                FIRST_MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD MAKE_APERL_FILE
                PERLMAINCC PERL_SRC PERL_INC PERL_INCDEP
                PERL            FULLPERL          ABSPERL
                PERLRUN         FULLPERLRUN       ABSPERLRUN
                PERLRUNINST     FULLPERLRUNINST   ABSPERLRUNINST
                PERL_CORE
                PERM_DIR PERM_RW PERM_RWX
  
  	      ) )
      {
  	next unless defined $self->{$macro};
  
          # pathnames can have sharp signs in them; escape them so
          # make doesn't think it is a comment-start character.
          $self->{$macro} =~ s/#/\\#/g;
  	$self->{$macro} = $self->quote_dep($self->{$macro})
  	  if $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::macro_dep{$macro};
  	push @m, "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
      }
  
      push @m, qq{
  MAKEMAKER   = $self->{MAKEMAKER}
  MM_VERSION  = $self->{MM_VERSION}
  MM_REVISION = $self->{MM_REVISION}
  };
  
      push @m, q{
  # FULLEXT = Pathname for extension directory (eg Foo/Bar/Oracle).
  # BASEEXT = Basename part of FULLEXT. May be just equal FULLEXT. (eg Oracle)
  # PARENT_NAME = NAME without BASEEXT and no trailing :: (eg Foo::Bar)
  # DLBASE  = Basename part of dynamic library. May be just equal BASEEXT.
  };
  
      for my $macro (qw/
                MAKE
  	      FULLEXT BASEEXT PARENT_NAME DLBASE VERSION_FROM INC DEFINE OBJECT
  	      LDFROM LINKTYPE BOOTDEP
  	      /	)
      {
  	next unless defined $self->{$macro};
  	push @m, "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
      }
  
      push @m, "
  # Handy lists of source code files:
  XS_FILES = ".$self->wraplist(sort keys %{$self->{XS}})."
  C_FILES  = ".$self->wraplist(sort @{$self->{C}})."
  O_FILES  = ".$self->wraplist(sort @{$self->{O_FILES}})."
  H_FILES  = ".$self->wraplist(sort @{$self->{H}})."
  MAN1PODS = ".$self->wraplist(sort keys %{$self->{MAN1PODS}})."
  MAN3PODS = ".$self->wraplist(sort keys %{$self->{MAN3PODS}})."
  ";
  
  
      push @m, q{
  # Where is the Config information that we are using/depend on
  CONFIGDEP = $(PERL_ARCHLIBDEP)$(DFSEP)Config.pm $(PERL_INCDEP)$(DFSEP)config.h
  } if -e $self->catfile( $self->{PERL_INC}, 'config.h' );
  
  
      push @m, qq{
  # Where to build things
  INST_LIBDIR      = $self->{INST_LIBDIR}
  INST_ARCHLIBDIR  = $self->{INST_ARCHLIBDIR}
  
  INST_AUTODIR     = $self->{INST_AUTODIR}
  INST_ARCHAUTODIR = $self->{INST_ARCHAUTODIR}
  
  INST_STATIC      = $self->{INST_STATIC}
  INST_DYNAMIC     = $self->{INST_DYNAMIC}
  INST_BOOT        = $self->{INST_BOOT}
  };
  
      push @m, qq{
  # Extra linker info
  EXPORT_LIST        = $self->{EXPORT_LIST}
  PERL_ARCHIVE       = $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE}
  PERL_ARCHIVEDEP    = $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP}
  PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER = $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER}
  };
  
      push @m, "
  
  TO_INST_PM = ".$self->wraplist(map $self->quote_dep($_), sort keys %{$self->{PM}})."\n";
  
      join('',@m);
  }
  
  
  =item depend (o)
  
  Same as macro for the depend attribute.
  
  =cut
  
  sub depend {
      my($self,%attribs) = @_;
      my(@m,$key,$val);
      for my $key (sort keys %attribs){
  	my $val = $attribs{$key};
  	next unless defined $key and defined $val;
  	push @m, "$key : $val\n";
      }
      join "", @m;
  }
  
  
  =item init_DEST
  
    $mm->init_DEST
  
  Defines the DESTDIR and DEST* variables paralleling the INSTALL*.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_DEST {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Initialize DESTDIR
      $self->{DESTDIR} ||= '';
  
      # Make DEST variables.
      foreach my $var ($self->installvars) {
          my $destvar = 'DESTINSTALL'.$var;
          $self->{$destvar} ||= '$(DESTDIR)$(INSTALL'.$var.')';
      }
  }
  
  
  =item init_dist
  
    $mm->init_dist;
  
  Defines a lot of macros for distribution support.
  
    macro         description                     default
  
    TAR           tar command to use              tar
    TARFLAGS      flags to pass to TAR            cvf
  
    ZIP           zip command to use              zip
    ZIPFLAGS      flags to pass to ZIP            -r
  
    COMPRESS      compression command to          gzip --best
                  use for tarfiles
    SUFFIX        suffix to put on                .gz
                  compressed files
  
    SHAR          shar command to use             shar
  
    PREOP         extra commands to run before
                  making the archive
    POSTOP        extra commands to run after
                  making the archive
  
    TO_UNIX       a command to convert linefeeds
                  to Unix style in your archive
  
    CI            command to checkin your         ci -u
                  sources to version control
    RCS_LABEL     command to label your sources   rcs -Nv$(VERSION_SYM): -q
                  just after CI is run
  
    DIST_CP       $how argument to manicopy()     best
                  when the distdir is created
  
    DIST_DEFAULT  default target to use to        tardist
                  create a distribution
  
    DISTVNAME     name of the resulting archive   $(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)
                  (minus suffixes)
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_dist {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{TAR}      ||= 'tar';
      $self->{TARFLAGS} ||= 'cvf';
      $self->{ZIP}      ||= 'zip';
      $self->{ZIPFLAGS} ||= '-r';
      $self->{COMPRESS} ||= 'gzip --best';
      $self->{SUFFIX}   ||= '.gz';
      $self->{SHAR}     ||= 'shar';
      $self->{PREOP}    ||= '$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)'; # eg update MANIFEST
      $self->{POSTOP}   ||= '$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)'; # eg remove the distdir
      $self->{TO_UNIX}  ||= '$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)';
  
      $self->{CI}       ||= 'ci -u';
      $self->{RCS_LABEL}||= 'rcs -Nv$(VERSION_SYM): -q';
      $self->{DIST_CP}  ||= 'best';
      $self->{DIST_DEFAULT} ||= 'tardist';
  
      ($self->{DISTNAME} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s{::}{-}g unless $self->{DISTNAME};
      $self->{DISTVNAME} ||= $self->{DISTNAME}.'-'.$self->{VERSION};
  }
  
  =item dist (o)
  
    my $dist_macros = $mm->dist(%overrides);
  
  Generates a make fragment defining all the macros initialized in
  init_dist.
  
  %overrides can be used to override any of the above.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dist {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
  
      my $make = '';
      if ( $attribs{SUFFIX} && $attribs{SUFFIX} !~ m!^\.! ) {
        $attribs{SUFFIX} = '.' . $attribs{SUFFIX};
      }
      foreach my $key (qw(
              TAR TARFLAGS ZIP ZIPFLAGS COMPRESS SUFFIX SHAR
              PREOP POSTOP TO_UNIX
              CI RCS_LABEL DIST_CP DIST_DEFAULT
              DISTNAME DISTVNAME
             ))
      {
          my $value = $attribs{$key} || $self->{$key};
          $make .= "$key = $value\n";
      }
  
      return $make;
  }
  
  =item dist_basics (o)
  
  Defines the targets distclean, distcheck, skipcheck, manifest, veryclean.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dist_basics {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  distclean :: realclean distcheck
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  distcheck :
  	$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Manifest=fullcheck" -e fullcheck
  
  skipcheck :
  	$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Manifest=skipcheck" -e skipcheck
  
  manifest :
  	$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Manifest=mkmanifest" -e mkmanifest
  
  veryclean : realclean
  	$(RM_F) *~ */*~ *.orig */*.orig *.bak */*.bak *.old */*.old
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
  }
  
  =item dist_ci (o)
  
  Defines a check in target for RCS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dist_ci {
      my($self) = shift;
      return sprintf "ci :\n\t%s\n", $self->oneliner(<<'EOF', [qw(-MExtUtils::Manifest=maniread)]);
  @all = sort keys %{ maniread() };
  print(qq{Executing $(CI) @all\n});
  system(qq{$(CI) @all}) == 0 or die $!;
  print(qq{Executing $(RCS_LABEL) ...\n});
  system(qq{$(RCS_LABEL) @all}) == 0 or die $!;
  EOF
  }
  
  =item dist_core (o)
  
    my $dist_make_fragment = $MM->dist_core;
  
  Puts the targets necessary for 'make dist' together into one make
  fragment.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dist_core {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my $make_frag = '';
      foreach my $target (qw(dist tardist uutardist tarfile zipdist zipfile
                             shdist))
      {
          my $method = $target.'_target';
          $make_frag .= "\n";
          $make_frag .= $self->$method();
      }
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  
  =item B<dist_target>
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->dist_target;
  
  Returns the 'dist' target to make an archive for distribution.  This
  target simply checks to make sure the Makefile is up-to-date and
  depends on $(DIST_DEFAULT).
  
  =cut
  
  sub dist_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my $date_check = $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-l']);
  print 'Warning: Makefile possibly out of date with $(VERSION_FROM)'
      if -e '$(VERSION_FROM)' and -M '$(VERSION_FROM)' < -M '$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)';
  CODE
  
      return sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $date_check;
  dist : $(DIST_DEFAULT) $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
  	$(NOECHO) %s
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item B<tardist_target>
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->tardist_target;
  
  Returns the 'tardist' target which is simply so 'make tardist' works.
  The real work is done by the dynamically named tardistfile_target()
  method, tardist should have that as a dependency.
  
  =cut
  
  sub tardist_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  tardist : $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item B<zipdist_target>
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->zipdist_target;
  
  Returns the 'zipdist' target which is simply so 'make zipdist' works.
  The real work is done by the dynamically named zipdistfile_target()
  method, zipdist should have that as a dependency.
  
  =cut
  
  sub zipdist_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  zipdist : $(DISTVNAME).zip
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item B<tarfile_target>
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->tarfile_target;
  
  The name of this target is the name of the tarball generated by
  tardist.  This target does the actual work of turning the distdir into
  a tarball.
  
  =cut
  
  sub tarfile_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) : distdir
  	$(PREOP)
  	$(TO_UNIX)
  	$(TAR) $(TARFLAGS) $(DISTVNAME).tar $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(COMPRESS) $(DISTVNAME).tar
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) 'Created $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)'
  	$(POSTOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item zipfile_target
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->zipfile_target;
  
  The name of this target is the name of the zip file generated by
  zipdist.  This target does the actual work of turning the distdir into
  a zip file.
  
  =cut
  
  sub zipfile_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  $(DISTVNAME).zip : distdir
  	$(PREOP)
  	$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS) $(DISTVNAME).zip $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) 'Created $(DISTVNAME).zip'
  	$(POSTOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item uutardist_target
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->uutardist_target;
  
  Converts the tarfile into a uuencoded file
  
  =cut
  
  sub uutardist_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  uutardist : $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)
  	uuencode $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) > $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)_uu
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) 'Created $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX)_uu'
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  
  =item shdist_target
  
    my $make_frag = $MM->shdist_target;
  
  Converts the distdir into a shell archive.
  
  =cut
  
  sub shdist_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  shdist : distdir
  	$(PREOP)
  	$(SHAR) $(DISTVNAME) > $(DISTVNAME).shar
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) 'Created $(DISTVNAME).shar'
  	$(POSTOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  
  =item dlsyms (o)
  
  Used by some OS' to define DL_FUNCS and DL_VARS and write the *.exp files.
  
  Normally just returns an empty string.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dlsyms {
      return '';
  }
  
  
  =item dynamic_bs (o)
  
  Defines targets for bootstrap files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dynamic_bs {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      return "\nBOOTSTRAP =\n" unless $self->has_link_code();
      my @exts;
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
  	@exts = $self->_xs_list_basenames;
      } else {
  	@exts = '$(BASEEXT)';
      }
      return join "\n",
          "BOOTSTRAP = @{[map { qq{$_.bs} } @exts]}\n",
          map { $self->_xs_make_bs($_) } @exts;
  }
  
  sub _xs_make_bs {
      my ($self, $basename) = @_;
      my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($basename);
      my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($d);
      shift @d if $self->{XSMULTI} and $d[0] eq 'lib';
      my $instdir = $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto', @d, $f);
      $instdir = '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)' if $basename eq '$(BASEEXT)';
      my $instfile = $self->catfile($instdir, "$f.bs");
      my $exists = "$instdir\$(DFSEP).exists"; # match blibdirs_target
      #                                 1          2          3
      return _sprintf562 <<'MAKE_FRAG', $basename, $instfile, $exists;
  # As Mkbootstrap might not write a file (if none is required)
  # we use touch to prevent make continually trying to remake it.
  # The DynaLoader only reads a non-empty file.
  %1$s.bs : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(BOOTDEP)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Running Mkbootstrap for %1$s ($(BSLOADLIBS))"
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) \
  		"-MExtUtils::Mkbootstrap" \
  		-e "Mkbootstrap('%1$s','$(BSLOADLIBS)');"
  	$(NOECHO) $(TOUCH) "%1$s.bs"
  	$(CHMOD) $(PERM_RW) "%1$s.bs"
  
  %2$s : %1$s.bs %3$s
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_RF) %2$s
  	- $(CP_NONEMPTY) %1$s.bs %2$s $(PERM_RW)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item dynamic_lib (o)
  
  Defines how to produce the *.so (or equivalent) files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dynamic_lib {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking(); #might be because of a subdir
      return '' unless $self->has_link_code;
      my @m = $self->xs_dynamic_lib_macros(\%attribs);
      my @libs;
      my $dlsyms_ext = eval { $self->xs_dlsyms_ext };
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
          my @exts = $self->_xs_list_basenames;
          for my $ext (@exts) {
              my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($ext);
              my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($d);
              shift @d if $d[0] eq 'lib';
              my $instdir = $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto', @d, $f);
  
              # Dynamic library names may need special handling.
              eval { require DynaLoader };
              if (defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname) {
                  $f = &DynaLoader::mod2fname([@d, $f]);
              }
  
              my $instfile = $self->catfile($instdir, "$f.\$(DLEXT)");
              my $objfile = $self->_xsbuild_value('xs', $ext, 'OBJECT');
              $objfile = "$ext\$(OBJ_EXT)" unless defined $objfile;
              my $ldfrom = $self->_xsbuild_value('xs', $ext, 'LDFROM');
              $ldfrom = $objfile unless defined $ldfrom;
              my $exportlist = "$ext.def";
              my @libchunk = ($objfile, $instfile, $instdir, $ldfrom, $exportlist);
              push @libchunk, $dlsyms_ext ? $ext.$dlsyms_ext : undef;
              push @libs, \@libchunk;
          }
      } else {
          my @libchunk = qw($(OBJECT) $(INST_DYNAMIC) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR) $(LDFROM) $(EXPORT_LIST));
          push @libchunk, $dlsyms_ext ? '$(BASEEXT)'.$dlsyms_ext : undef;
          @libs = (\@libchunk);
      }
      push @m, map { $self->xs_make_dynamic_lib(\%attribs, @$_); } @libs;
  
      return join("\n",@m);
  }
  
  =item xs_dynamic_lib_macros
  
  Defines the macros for the C<dynamic_lib> section.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dynamic_lib_macros {
      my ($self, $attribs) = @_;
      my $otherldflags = $attribs->{OTHERLDFLAGS} || "";
      my $inst_dynamic_dep = $attribs->{INST_DYNAMIC_DEP} || "";
      my $armaybe = $self->_xs_armaybe($attribs);
      my $ld_opt = $Is{OS2} ? '$(OPTIMIZE) ' : ''; # Useful on other systems too?
      my $ld_fix = $Is{OS2} ? '|| ( $(RM_F) $@ && sh -c false )' : '';
      sprintf <<'EOF', $armaybe, $ld_opt.$otherldflags, $inst_dynamic_dep, $ld_fix;
  # This section creates the dynamically loadable objects from relevant
  # objects and possibly $(MYEXTLIB).
  ARMAYBE = %s
  OTHERLDFLAGS = %s
  INST_DYNAMIC_DEP = %s
  INST_DYNAMIC_FIX = %s
  EOF
  }
  
  sub _xs_armaybe {
      my ($self, $attribs) = @_;
      my $armaybe = $attribs->{ARMAYBE} || $self->{ARMAYBE} || ":";
      $armaybe = 'ar' if ($Is{OSF} and $armaybe eq ':');
      $armaybe;
  }
  
  =item xs_make_dynamic_lib
  
  Defines the recipes for the C<dynamic_lib> section.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_make_dynamic_lib {
      my ($self, $attribs, $object, $to, $todir, $ldfrom, $exportlist, $dlsyms) = @_;
      $exportlist = '' if $exportlist ne '$(EXPORT_LIST)';
      my $armaybe = $self->_xs_armaybe($attribs);
      my @m = sprintf '%s : %s $(MYEXTLIB) %s$(DFSEP).exists %s $(PERL_ARCHIVEDEP) $(PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER) $(INST_DYNAMIC_DEP) %s'."\n", $to, $object, $todir, $exportlist, ($dlsyms || '');
      my $dlsyms_arg = $self->xs_dlsyms_arg($dlsyms);
      if ($armaybe ne ':'){
          $ldfrom = 'tmp$(LIB_EXT)';
          push(@m,"	\$(ARMAYBE) cr $ldfrom $object\n");
          push(@m,"	\$(RANLIB) $ldfrom\n");
      }
      $ldfrom = "-all $ldfrom -none" if $Is{OSF};
  
      # The IRIX linker doesn't use LD_RUN_PATH
      my $ldrun = $Is{IRIX} && $self->{LD_RUN_PATH} ?
                         qq{-rpath "$self->{LD_RUN_PATH}"} : '';
  
      # For example in AIX the shared objects/libraries from previous builds
      # linger quite a while in the shared dynalinker cache even when nobody
      # is using them.  This is painful if one for instance tries to restart
      # a failed build because the link command will fail unnecessarily 'cos
      # the shared object/library is 'busy'.
      push(@m,"	\$(RM_F) \$\@\n");
  
      my $libs = '$(LDLOADLIBS)';
      if (($Is{NetBSD} || $Is{Interix} || $Is{Android}) && $Config{'useshrplib'} eq 'true') {
          # Use nothing on static perl platforms, and to the flags needed
          # to link against the shared libperl library on shared perl
          # platforms.  We peek at lddlflags to see if we need -Wl,-R
          # or -R to add paths to the run-time library search path.
          if ($Config{'lddlflags'} =~ /-Wl,-R/) {
              $libs .= ' "-L$(PERL_INC)" "-Wl,-R$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/CORE" "-Wl,-R$(PERL_ARCHLIB)/CORE" -lperl';
          } elsif ($Config{'lddlflags'} =~ /-R/) {
              $libs .= ' "-L$(PERL_INC)" "-R$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/CORE" "-R$(PERL_ARCHLIB)/CORE" -lperl';
          } elsif ( $Is{Android} ) {
              # The Android linker will not recognize symbols from
              # libperl unless the module explicitly depends on it.
              $libs .= ' "-L$(PERL_INC)" -lperl';
          }
      }
  
      my $ld_run_path_shell = "";
      if ($self->{LD_RUN_PATH} ne "") {
          $ld_run_path_shell = 'LD_RUN_PATH="$(LD_RUN_PATH)" ';
      }
  
      push @m, sprintf <<'MAKE', $ld_run_path_shell, $ldrun, $dlsyms_arg, $ldfrom, $self->xs_obj_opt('$@'), $libs, $exportlist;
  	%s$(LD) %s $(LDDLFLAGS) %s %s $(OTHERLDFLAGS) %s $(MYEXTLIB) \
  	  $(PERL_ARCHIVE) %s $(PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER) %s \
  	  $(INST_DYNAMIC_FIX)
  	$(CHMOD) $(PERM_RWX) $@
  MAKE
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  =item exescan
  
  Deprecated method. Use libscan instead.
  
  =cut
  
  sub exescan {
      my($self,$path) = @_;
      $path;
  }
  
  =item extliblist
  
  Called by init_others, and calls ext ExtUtils::Liblist. See
  L<ExtUtils::Liblist> for details.
  
  =cut
  
  sub extliblist {
      my($self,$libs) = @_;
      require ExtUtils::Liblist;
      $self->ext($libs, $Verbose);
  }
  
  =item find_perl
  
  Finds the executables PERL and FULLPERL
  
  =cut
  
  sub find_perl {
      my($self, $ver, $names, $dirs, $trace) = @_;
  
      if ($trace >= 2){
          print "Looking for perl $ver by these names:
  @$names
  in these dirs:
  @$dirs
  ";
      }
  
      my $stderr_duped = 0;
      local *STDERR_COPY;
  
      unless ($Is{BSD}) {
          # >& and lexical filehandles together give 5.6.2 indigestion
          if( open(STDERR_COPY, '>&STDERR') ) {  ## no critic
              $stderr_duped = 1;
          }
          else {
              warn <<WARNING;
  find_perl() can't dup STDERR: $!
  You might see some garbage while we search for Perl
  WARNING
          }
      }
  
      foreach my $name (@$names){
          my ($abs, $use_dir);
          if ($self->file_name_is_absolute($name)) {     # /foo/bar
              $abs = $name;
          } elsif ($self->canonpath($name) eq
                   $self->canonpath(basename($name))) {  # foo
              $use_dir = 1;
          } else {                                            # foo/bar
              $abs = $self->catfile($Curdir, $name);
          }
          foreach my $dir ($use_dir ? @$dirs : 1){
              next unless defined $dir; # $self->{PERL_SRC} may be undefined
  
              $abs = $self->catfile($dir, $name)
                  if $use_dir;
  
              print "Checking $abs\n" if ($trace >= 2);
              next unless $self->maybe_command($abs);
              print "Executing $abs\n" if ($trace >= 2);
  
              my $val;
              my $version_check = qq{"$abs" -le "require $ver; print qq{VER_OK}"};
  
              # To avoid using the unportable 2>&1 to suppress STDERR,
              # we close it before running the command.
              # However, thanks to a thread library bug in many BSDs
              # ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=51535 )
              # we cannot use the fancier more portable way in here
              # but instead need to use the traditional 2>&1 construct.
              if ($Is{BSD}) {
                  $val = `$version_check 2>&1`;
              } else {
                  close STDERR if $stderr_duped;
                  $val = `$version_check`;
  
                  # 5.6.2's 3-arg open doesn't work with >&
                  open STDERR, ">&STDERR_COPY"  ## no critic
                          if $stderr_duped;
              }
  
              if ($val =~ /^VER_OK/m) {
                  print "Using PERL=$abs\n" if $trace;
                  return $abs;
              } elsif ($trace >= 2) {
                  print "Result: '$val' ".($? >> 8)."\n";
              }
          }
      }
      print "Unable to find a perl $ver (by these names: @$names, in these dirs: @$dirs)\n";
      0; # false and not empty
  }
  
  
  =item fixin
  
    $mm->fixin(@files);
  
  Inserts the sharpbang or equivalent magic number to a set of @files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub fixin {    # stolen from the pink Camel book, more or less
      my ( $self, @files ) = @_;
  
      for my $file (@files) {
          my $file_new = "$file.new";
          my $file_bak = "$file.bak";
  
          open( my $fixin, '<', $file ) or croak "Can't process '$file': $!";
          local $/ = "\n";
          chomp( my $line = <$fixin> );
          next unless $line =~ s/^\s*\#!\s*//;    # Not a shebang file.
  
          my $shb = $self->_fixin_replace_shebang( $file, $line );
          next unless defined $shb;
  
          open( my $fixout, ">", "$file_new" ) or do {
              warn "Can't create new $file: $!\n";
              next;
          };
  
          # Print out the new #! line (or equivalent).
          local $\;
          local $/;
          print $fixout $shb, <$fixin>;
          close $fixin;
          close $fixout;
  
          chmod 0666, $file_bak;
          unlink $file_bak;
          unless ( _rename( $file, $file_bak ) ) {
              warn "Can't rename $file to $file_bak: $!";
              next;
          }
          unless ( _rename( $file_new, $file ) ) {
              warn "Can't rename $file_new to $file: $!";
              unless ( _rename( $file_bak, $file ) ) {
                  warn "Can't rename $file_bak back to $file either: $!";
                  warn "Leaving $file renamed as $file_bak\n";
              }
              next;
          }
          unlink $file_bak;
      }
      continue {
          system("$Config{'eunicefix'} $file") if $Config{'eunicefix'} ne ':';
      }
  }
  
  
  sub _rename {
      my($old, $new) = @_;
  
      foreach my $file ($old, $new) {
          if( $Is{VMS} and basename($file) !~ /\./ ) {
              # rename() in 5.8.0 on VMS will not rename a file if it
              # does not contain a dot yet it returns success.
              $file = "$file.";
          }
      }
  
      return rename($old, $new);
  }
  
  sub _fixin_replace_shebang {
      my ( $self, $file, $line ) = @_;
  
      # Now figure out the interpreter name.
      my ( $cmd, $arg ) = split ' ', $line, 2;
      $cmd =~ s!^.*/!!;
  
      # Now look (in reverse) for interpreter in absolute PATH (unless perl).
      my $interpreter;
      if ( $cmd =~ m{^perl(?:\z|[^a-z])} ) {
          if ( $Config{startperl} =~ m,^\#!.*/perl, ) {
              $interpreter = $Config{startperl};
              $interpreter =~ s,^\#!,,;
          }
          else {
              $interpreter = $Config{perlpath};
          }
      }
      else {
          my (@absdirs)
              = reverse grep { $self->file_name_is_absolute($_) } $self->path;
          $interpreter = '';
  
          foreach my $dir (@absdirs) {
              my $maybefile = $self->catfile($dir,$cmd);
              if ( $self->maybe_command($maybefile) ) {
                  warn "Ignoring $interpreter in $file\n"
                      if $Verbose && $interpreter;
                  $interpreter = $maybefile;
              }
          }
      }
  
      # Figure out how to invoke interpreter on this machine.
  
      my ($does_shbang) = $Config{'sharpbang'} =~ /^\s*\#\!/;
      my ($shb) = "";
      if ($interpreter) {
          print "Changing sharpbang in $file to $interpreter"
              if $Verbose;
           # this is probably value-free on DOSISH platforms
          if ($does_shbang) {
              $shb .= "$Config{'sharpbang'}$interpreter";
              $shb .= ' ' . $arg if defined $arg;
              $shb .= "\n";
          }
      }
      else {
          warn "Can't find $cmd in PATH, $file unchanged"
              if $Verbose;
          return;
      }
      return $shb
  }
  
  =item force (o)
  
  Writes an empty FORCE: target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub force {
      my($self) = shift;
      '# Phony target to force checking subdirectories.
  FORCE :
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  ';
  }
  
  =item guess_name
  
  Guess the name of this package by examining the working directory's
  name. MakeMaker calls this only if the developer has not supplied a
  NAME attribute.
  
  =cut
  
  # ';
  
  sub guess_name {
      my($self) = @_;
      use Cwd 'cwd';
      my $name = basename(cwd());
      $name =~ s|[\-_][\d\.\-]+\z||;  # this is new with MM 5.00, we
                                      # strip minus or underline
                                      # followed by a float or some such
      print "Warning: Guessing NAME [$name] from current directory name.\n";
      $name;
  }
  
  =item has_link_code
  
  Returns true if C, XS, MYEXTLIB or similar objects exist within this
  object that need a compiler. Does not descend into subdirectories as
  needs_linking() does.
  
  =cut
  
  sub has_link_code {
      my($self) = shift;
      return $self->{HAS_LINK_CODE} if defined $self->{HAS_LINK_CODE};
      if ($self->{OBJECT} or @{$self->{C} || []} or $self->{MYEXTLIB}){
  	$self->{HAS_LINK_CODE} = 1;
  	return 1;
      }
      return $self->{HAS_LINK_CODE} = 0;
  }
  
  
  =item init_dirscan
  
  Scans the directory structure and initializes DIR, XS, XS_FILES,
  C, C_FILES, O_FILES, H, H_FILES, PL_FILES, EXE_FILES.
  
  Called by init_main.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_dirscan {	# --- File and Directory Lists (.xs .pm .pod etc)
      my($self) = @_;
      my(%dir, %xs, %c, %o, %h, %pl_files, %pm);
  
      my %ignore = map {( $_ => 1 )} qw(Makefile.PL Build.PL test.pl t);
  
      # ignore the distdir
      $Is{VMS} ? $ignore{"$self->{DISTVNAME}.dir"} = 1
              : $ignore{$self->{DISTVNAME}} = 1;
  
      my $distprefix = $Is{VMS} ? qr/^\Q$self->{DISTNAME}\E-v?[\d\.]+\.dir$/i
                                : qr/^\Q$self->{DISTNAME}\E-v?[\d\.]+$/;
  
      @ignore{map lc, keys %ignore} = values %ignore if $Is{VMS};
  
      if ( defined $self->{XS} and !defined $self->{C} ) {
  	my @c_files = grep { m/\.c(pp|xx)?\z/i } values %{$self->{XS}};
  	my @o_files = grep { m/(?:.(?:o(?:bj)?)|\$\(OBJ_EXT\))\z/i } values %{$self->{XS}};
  	%c = map { $_ => 1 } @c_files;
  	%o = map { $_ => 1 } @o_files;
      }
  
      foreach my $name ($self->lsdir($Curdir)){
  	next if $name =~ /\#/;
  	next if $name =~ $distprefix && -d $name;
  	$name = lc($name) if $Is{VMS};
  	next if $name eq $Curdir or $name eq $Updir or $ignore{$name};
  	next unless $self->libscan($name);
  	if (-d $name){
  	    next if -l $name; # We do not support symlinks at all
              next if $self->{NORECURS};
  	    $dir{$name} = $name if (-f $self->catfile($name,"Makefile.PL"));
  	} elsif ($name =~ /\.xs\z/){
  	    my($c); ($c = $name) =~ s/\.xs\z/.c/;
  	    $xs{$name} = $c;
  	    $c{$c} = 1;
  	} elsif ($name =~ /\.c(pp|xx|c)?\z/i){  # .c .C .cpp .cxx .cc
  	    $c{$name} = 1
  		unless $name =~ m/perlmain\.c/; # See MAP_TARGET
  	} elsif ($name =~ /\.h\z/i){
  	    $h{$name} = 1;
  	} elsif ($name =~ /\.PL\z/) {
  	    ($pl_files{$name} = $name) =~ s/\.PL\z// ;
  	} elsif (($Is{VMS} || $Is{Dos}) && $name =~ /[._]pl$/i) {
  	    # case-insensitive filesystem, one dot per name, so foo.h.PL
  	    # under Unix appears as foo.h_pl under VMS or fooh.pl on Dos
  	    local($/); open(my $pl, '<', $name); my $txt = <$pl>; close $pl;
  	    if ($txt =~ /Extracting \S+ \(with variable substitutions/) {
  		($pl_files{$name} = $name) =~ s/[._]pl\z//i ;
  	    }
  	    else {
                  $pm{$name} = $self->catfile($self->{INST_LIBDIR},$name);
              }
  	} elsif ($name =~ /\.(p[ml]|pod)\z/){
  	    $pm{$name} = $self->catfile($self->{INST_LIBDIR},$name);
  	}
      }
  
      $self->{PL_FILES}   ||= \%pl_files;
      $self->{DIR}        ||= [sort keys %dir];
      $self->{XS}         ||= \%xs;
      $self->{C}          ||= [sort keys %c];
      $self->{H}          ||= [sort keys %h];
      $self->{PM}         ||= \%pm;
  
      my @o_files = @{$self->{C}};
      %o = (%o, map { $_ => 1 } grep s/\.c(pp|xx|c)?\z/$self->{OBJ_EXT}/i, @o_files);
      $self->{O_FILES} = [sort keys %o];
  }
  
  
  =item init_MANPODS
  
  Determines if man pages should be generated and initializes MAN1PODS
  and MAN3PODS as appropriate.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_MANPODS {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Set up names of manual pages to generate from pods
      foreach my $man (qw(MAN1 MAN3)) {
          if ( $self->{"${man}PODS"}
               or $self->{"INSTALL${man}DIR"} =~ /^(none|\s*)$/
          ) {
              $self->{"${man}PODS"} ||= {};
          }
          else {
              my $init_method = "init_${man}PODS";
              $self->$init_method();
          }
      }
  }
  
  
  sub _has_pod {
      my($self, $file) = @_;
  
      my($ispod)=0;
      if (open( my $fh, '<', $file )) {
          while (<$fh>) {
              if (/^=(?:head\d+|item|pod)\b/) {
                  $ispod=1;
                  last;
              }
          }
          close $fh;
      } else {
          # If it doesn't exist yet, we assume, it has pods in it
          $ispod = 1;
      }
  
      return $ispod;
  }
  
  
  =item init_MAN1PODS
  
  Initializes MAN1PODS from the list of EXE_FILES.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_MAN1PODS {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      if ( exists $self->{EXE_FILES} ) {
  	foreach my $name (@{$self->{EXE_FILES}}) {
  	    next unless $self->_has_pod($name);
  
  	    $self->{MAN1PODS}->{$name} =
  		$self->catfile("\$(INST_MAN1DIR)",
  			       basename($name).".\$(MAN1EXT)");
  	}
      }
  }
  
  
  =item init_MAN3PODS
  
  Initializes MAN3PODS from the list of PM files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_MAN3PODS {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my %manifypods = (); # we collect the keys first, i.e. the files
                           # we have to convert to pod
  
      foreach my $name (keys %{$self->{PM}}) {
  	if ($name =~ /\.pod\z/ ) {
  	    $manifypods{$name} = $self->{PM}{$name};
  	} elsif ($name =~ /\.p[ml]\z/ ) {
  	    if( $self->_has_pod($name) ) {
  		$manifypods{$name} = $self->{PM}{$name};
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      my $parentlibs_re = join '|', @{$self->{PMLIBPARENTDIRS}};
  
      # Remove "Configure.pm" and similar, if it's not the only pod listed
      # To force inclusion, just name it "Configure.pod", or override
      # MAN3PODS
      foreach my $name (keys %manifypods) {
  	if (
              ($self->{PERL_CORE} and $name =~ /(config|setup).*\.pm/is) or
              ( $name =~ m/^README\.pod$/i ) # don't manify top-level README.pod
          ) {
  	    delete $manifypods{$name};
  	    next;
  	}
  	my($manpagename) = $name;
  	$manpagename =~ s/\.p(od|m|l)\z//;
  	# everything below lib is ok
  	unless($manpagename =~ s!^\W*($parentlibs_re)\W+!!s) {
  	    $manpagename = $self->catfile(
  	        split(/::/,$self->{PARENT_NAME}),$manpagename
  	    );
  	}
  	$manpagename = $self->replace_manpage_separator($manpagename);
  	$self->{MAN3PODS}->{$name} =
  	    $self->catfile("\$(INST_MAN3DIR)", "$manpagename.\$(MAN3EXT)");
      }
  }
  
  
  =item init_PM
  
  Initializes PMLIBDIRS and PM from PMLIBDIRS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_PM {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Some larger extensions often wish to install a number of *.pm/pl
      # files into the library in various locations.
  
      # The attribute PMLIBDIRS holds an array reference which lists
      # subdirectories which we should search for library files to
      # install. PMLIBDIRS defaults to [ 'lib', $self->{BASEEXT} ].  We
      # recursively search through the named directories (skipping any
      # which don't exist or contain Makefile.PL files).
  
      # For each *.pm or *.pl file found $self->libscan() is called with
      # the default installation path in $_[1]. The return value of
      # libscan defines the actual installation location.  The default
      # libscan function simply returns the path.  The file is skipped
      # if libscan returns false.
  
      # The default installation location passed to libscan in $_[1] is:
      #
      #  ./*.pm		=> $(INST_LIBDIR)/*.pm
      #  ./xyz/...	=> $(INST_LIBDIR)/xyz/...
      #  ./lib/...	=> $(INST_LIB)/...
      #
      # In this way the 'lib' directory is seen as the root of the actual
      # perl library whereas the others are relative to INST_LIBDIR
      # (which includes PARENT_NAME). This is a subtle distinction but one
      # that's important for nested modules.
  
      unless( $self->{PMLIBDIRS} ) {
          if( $Is{VMS} ) {
              # Avoid logical name vs directory collisions
              $self->{PMLIBDIRS} = ['./lib', "./$self->{BASEEXT}"];
          }
          else {
              $self->{PMLIBDIRS} = ['lib', $self->{BASEEXT}];
          }
      }
  
      #only existing directories that aren't in $dir are allowed
  
      # Avoid $_ wherever possible:
      # @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}} = grep -d && !$dir{$_}, @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}};
      my (@pmlibdirs) = @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}};
      @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}} = ();
      my %dir = map { ($_ => $_) } @{$self->{DIR}};
      foreach my $pmlibdir (@pmlibdirs) {
  	-d $pmlibdir && !$dir{$pmlibdir} && push @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}}, $pmlibdir;
      }
  
      unless( $self->{PMLIBPARENTDIRS} ) {
  	@{$self->{PMLIBPARENTDIRS}} = ('lib');
      }
  
      return if $self->{PM} and $self->{ARGS}{PM};
  
      if (@{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}}){
  	print "Searching PMLIBDIRS: @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}}\n"
  	    if ($Verbose >= 2);
  	require File::Find;
          File::Find::find(sub {
              if (-d $_){
                  unless ($self->libscan($_)){
                      $File::Find::prune = 1;
                  }
                  return;
              }
              return if /\#/;
              return if /~$/;             # emacs temp files
              return if /,v$/;            # RCS files
              return if m{\.swp$};        # vim swap files
  
  	    my $path   = $File::Find::name;
              my $prefix = $self->{INST_LIBDIR};
              my $striplibpath;
  
  	    my $parentlibs_re = join '|', @{$self->{PMLIBPARENTDIRS}};
  	    $prefix =  $self->{INST_LIB}
                  if ($striplibpath = $path) =~ s{^(\W*)($parentlibs_re)\W}
  	                                       {$1}i;
  
  	    my($inst) = $self->catfile($prefix,$striplibpath);
  	    local($_) = $inst; # for backwards compatibility
  	    $inst = $self->libscan($inst);
  	    print "libscan($path) => '$inst'\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
  	    return unless $inst;
  	    if ($self->{XSMULTI} and $inst =~ /\.xs\z/) {
  		my($base); ($base = $path) =~ s/\.xs\z//;
  		$self->{XS}{$path} = "$base.c";
  		push @{$self->{C}}, "$base.c";
  		push @{$self->{O_FILES}}, "$base$self->{OBJ_EXT}";
  	    } else {
  		$self->{PM}{$path} = $inst;
  	    }
  	}, @{$self->{PMLIBDIRS}});
      }
  }
  
  
  =item init_DIRFILESEP
  
  Using / for Unix.  Called by init_main.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_DIRFILESEP {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{DIRFILESEP} = '/';
  }
  
  
  =item init_main
  
  Initializes AR, AR_STATIC_ARGS, BASEEXT, CONFIG, DISTNAME, DLBASE,
  EXE_EXT, FULLEXT, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, INST_*,
  INSTALL*, INSTALLDIRS, LIB_EXT, LIBPERL_A, MAP_TARGET, NAME,
  OBJ_EXT, PARENT_NAME, PERL, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_INC, PERL_LIB,
  PERL_SRC, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PREFIX, VERSION,
  VERSION_SYM, XS_VERSION.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_main {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      # --- Initialize Module Name and Paths
  
      # NAME    = Foo::Bar::Oracle
      # FULLEXT = Foo/Bar/Oracle
      # BASEEXT = Oracle
      # PARENT_NAME = Foo::Bar
  ### Only UNIX:
  ###    ($self->{FULLEXT} =
  ###     $self->{NAME}) =~ s!::!/!g ; #eg. BSD/Foo/Socket
      $self->{FULLEXT} = $self->catdir(split /::/, $self->{NAME});
  
  
      # Copied from DynaLoader:
  
      my(@modparts) = split(/::/,$self->{NAME});
      my($modfname) = $modparts[-1];
  
      # Some systems have restrictions on files names for DLL's etc.
      # mod2fname returns appropriate file base name (typically truncated)
      # It may also edit @modparts if required.
      # We require DynaLoader to make sure that mod2fname is loaded
      eval { require DynaLoader };
      if (defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname) {
          $modfname = &DynaLoader::mod2fname(\@modparts);
      }
  
      ($self->{PARENT_NAME}, $self->{BASEEXT}) = $self->{NAME} =~ m!(?:([\w:]+)::)?(\w+)\z! ;
      $self->{PARENT_NAME} ||= '';
  
      if (defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname) {
  	# As of 5.001m, dl_os2 appends '_'
  	$self->{DLBASE} = $modfname;
      } else {
  	$self->{DLBASE} = '$(BASEEXT)';
      }
  
  
      # --- Initialize PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC
  
      # *Real* information: where did we get these two from? ...
      my $inc_config_dir = dirname($INC{'Config.pm'});
      my $inc_carp_dir   = dirname($INC{'Carp.pm'});
  
      unless ($self->{PERL_SRC}){
          foreach my $dir_count (1..8) { # 8 is the VMS limit for nesting
              my $dir = $self->catdir(($Updir) x $dir_count);
  
              if (-f $self->catfile($dir,"config_h.SH")   &&
                  -f $self->catfile($dir,"perl.h")        &&
                  -f $self->catfile($dir,"lib","strict.pm")
              ) {
                  $self->{PERL_SRC}=$dir ;
                  last;
              }
          }
      }
  
      warn "PERL_CORE is set but I can't find your PERL_SRC!\n" if
        $self->{PERL_CORE} and !$self->{PERL_SRC};
  
      if ($self->{PERL_SRC}){
  	$self->{PERL_LIB}     ||= $self->catdir("$self->{PERL_SRC}","lib");
  
          $self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} = $self->{PERL_LIB};
          $self->{PERL_INC}     = ($Is{Win32}) ?
              $self->catdir($self->{PERL_LIB},"CORE") : $self->{PERL_SRC};
  
  	# catch a situation that has occurred a few times in the past:
  	unless (
  		-s $self->catfile($self->{PERL_SRC},'cflags')
  		or
  		$Is{VMS}
  		&&
  		-s $self->catfile($self->{PERL_SRC},'vmsish.h')
  		or
  		$Is{Win32}
  	       ){
  	    warn qq{
  You cannot build extensions below the perl source tree after executing
  a 'make clean' in the perl source tree.
  
  To rebuild extensions distributed with the perl source you should
  simply Configure (to include those extensions) and then build perl as
  normal. After installing perl the source tree can be deleted. It is
  not needed for building extensions by running 'perl Makefile.PL'
  usually without extra arguments.
  
  It is recommended that you unpack and build additional extensions away
  from the perl source tree.
  };
  	}
      } else {
  	# we should also consider $ENV{PERL5LIB} here
          my $old = $self->{PERL_LIB} || $self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} || $self->{PERL_INC};
  	$self->{PERL_LIB}     ||= $Config{privlibexp};
  	$self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} ||= $Config{archlibexp};
  	$self->{PERL_INC}     = $self->catdir("$self->{PERL_ARCHLIB}","CORE"); # wild guess for now
  	my $perl_h;
  
  	if (not -f ($perl_h = $self->catfile($self->{PERL_INC},"perl.h"))
  	    and not $old){
  	    # Maybe somebody tries to build an extension with an
  	    # uninstalled Perl outside of Perl build tree
  	    my $lib;
  	    for my $dir (@INC) {
  	      $lib = $dir, last if -e $self->catfile($dir, "Config.pm");
  	    }
  	    if ($lib) {
                # Win32 puts its header files in /perl/src/lib/CORE.
                # Unix leaves them in /perl/src.
  	      my $inc = $Is{Win32} ? $self->catdir($lib, "CORE" )
                                    : dirname $lib;
  	      if (-e $self->catfile($inc, "perl.h")) {
  		$self->{PERL_LIB}	   = $lib;
  		$self->{PERL_ARCHLIB}	   = $lib;
  		$self->{PERL_INC}	   = $inc;
  		$self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL}  = 1;
  		print <<EOP;
  ... Detected uninstalled Perl.  Trying to continue.
  EOP
  	      }
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      if ($Is{Android}) {
      	# Android fun times!
      	# ../../perl -I../../lib -MFile::Glob -e1 works
      	# ../../../perl -I../../../lib -MFile::Glob -e1 fails to find
      	# the .so for File::Glob.
      	# This always affects core perl, but may also affect an installed
      	# perl built with -Duserelocatableinc.
      	$self->{PERL_LIB} = File::Spec->rel2abs($self->{PERL_LIB});
      	$self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} = File::Spec->rel2abs($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB});
      }
      $self->{PERL_INCDEP} = $self->{PERL_INC};
      $self->{PERL_ARCHLIBDEP} = $self->{PERL_ARCHLIB};
  
      # We get SITELIBEXP and SITEARCHEXP directly via
      # Get_from_Config. When we are running standard modules, these
      # won't matter, we will set INSTALLDIRS to "perl". Otherwise we
      # set it to "site". I prefer that INSTALLDIRS be set from outside
      # MakeMaker.
      $self->{INSTALLDIRS} ||= "site";
  
      $self->{MAN1EXT} ||= $Config{man1ext};
      $self->{MAN3EXT} ||= $Config{man3ext};
  
      # Get some stuff out of %Config if we haven't yet done so
      print "CONFIG must be an array ref\n"
          if ($self->{CONFIG} and ref $self->{CONFIG} ne 'ARRAY');
      $self->{CONFIG} = [] unless (ref $self->{CONFIG});
      push(@{$self->{CONFIG}}, @ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Get_from_Config);
      push(@{$self->{CONFIG}}, 'shellflags') if $Config{shellflags};
      my(%once_only);
      foreach my $m (@{$self->{CONFIG}}){
          next if $once_only{$m};
          print "CONFIG key '$m' does not exist in Config.pm\n"
                  unless exists $Config{$m};
          $self->{uc $m} ||= $Config{$m};
          $once_only{$m} = 1;
      }
  
  # This is too dangerous:
  #    if ($^O eq "next") {
  #	$self->{AR} = "libtool";
  #	$self->{AR_STATIC_ARGS} = "-o";
  #    }
  # But I leave it as a placeholder
  
      $self->{AR_STATIC_ARGS} ||= "cr";
  
      # These should never be needed
      $self->{OBJ_EXT} ||= '.o';
      $self->{LIB_EXT} ||= '.a';
  
      $self->{MAP_TARGET} ||= "perl";
  
      $self->{LIBPERL_A} ||= "libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}";
  
      # make a simple check if we find strict
      warn "Warning: PERL_LIB ($self->{PERL_LIB}) seems not to be a perl library directory
          (strict.pm not found)"
          unless -f $self->catfile("$self->{PERL_LIB}","strict.pm") ||
                 $self->{NAME} eq "ExtUtils::MakeMaker";
  }
  
  =item init_tools
  
  Initializes tools to use their common (and faster) Unix commands.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_tools {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{ECHO}       ||= 'echo';
      $self->{ECHO_N}     ||= 'echo -n';
      $self->{RM_F}       ||= "rm -f";
      $self->{RM_RF}      ||= "rm -rf";
      $self->{TOUCH}      ||= "touch";
      $self->{TEST_F}     ||= "test -f";
      $self->{TEST_S}     ||= "test -s";
      $self->{CP}         ||= "cp";
      $self->{MV}         ||= "mv";
      $self->{CHMOD}      ||= "chmod";
      $self->{FALSE}      ||= 'false';
      $self->{TRUE}       ||= 'true';
  
      $self->{LD}         ||= 'ld';
  
      return $self->SUPER::init_tools(@_);
  
      # After SUPER::init_tools so $Config{shell} has a
      # chance to get set.
      $self->{SHELL}      ||= '/bin/sh';
  
      return;
  }
  
  
  =item init_linker
  
  Unix has no need of special linker flags.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_linker {
      my($self) = shift;
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} ||= '';
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP} ||= '';
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} ||= '';
      $self->{EXPORT_LIST}  ||= '';
  }
  
  
  =begin _protected
  
  =item init_lib2arch
  
      $mm->init_lib2arch
  
  =end _protected
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_lib2arch {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      # The user who requests an installation directory explicitly
      # should not have to tell us an architecture installation directory
      # as well. We look if a directory exists that is named after the
      # architecture. If not we take it as a sign that it should be the
      # same as the requested installation directory. Otherwise we take
      # the found one.
      for my $libpair ({l=>"privlib",   a=>"archlib"},
                       {l=>"sitelib",   a=>"sitearch"},
                       {l=>"vendorlib", a=>"vendorarch"},
                      )
      {
          my $lib = "install$libpair->{l}";
          my $Lib = uc $lib;
          my $Arch = uc "install$libpair->{a}";
          if( $self->{$Lib} && ! $self->{$Arch} ){
              my($ilib) = $Config{$lib};
  
              $self->prefixify($Arch,$ilib,$self->{$Lib});
  
              unless (-d $self->{$Arch}) {
                  print "Directory $self->{$Arch} not found\n"
                    if $Verbose;
                  $self->{$Arch} = $self->{$Lib};
              }
              print "Defaulting $Arch to $self->{$Arch}\n" if $Verbose;
          }
      }
  }
  
  
  =item init_PERL
  
      $mm->init_PERL;
  
  Called by init_main.  Sets up ABSPERL, PERL, FULLPERL and all the
  *PERLRUN* permutations.
  
      PERL is allowed to be miniperl
      FULLPERL must be a complete perl
  
      ABSPERL is PERL converted to an absolute path
  
      *PERLRUN contains everything necessary to run perl, find it's
           libraries, etc...
  
      *PERLRUNINST is *PERLRUN + everything necessary to find the
           modules being built.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_PERL {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my @defpath = ();
      foreach my $component ($self->{PERL_SRC}, $self->path(),
                             $Config{binexp})
      {
  	push @defpath, $component if defined $component;
      }
  
      # Build up a set of file names (not command names).
      my $thisperl = $self->canonpath($^X);
      $thisperl .= $Config{exe_ext} unless
                  # VMS might have a file version # at the end
        $Is{VMS} ? $thisperl =~ m/$Config{exe_ext}(;\d+)?$/i
                : $thisperl =~ m/$Config{exe_ext}$/i;
  
      # We need a relative path to perl when in the core.
      $thisperl = $self->abs2rel($thisperl) if $self->{PERL_CORE};
  
      my @perls = ($thisperl);
      push @perls, map { "$_$Config{exe_ext}" }
                       ("perl$Config{version}", 'perl5', 'perl');
  
      # miniperl has priority over all but the canonical perl when in the
      # core.  Otherwise its a last resort.
      my $miniperl = "miniperl$Config{exe_ext}";
      if( $self->{PERL_CORE} ) {
          splice @perls, 1, 0, $miniperl;
      }
      else {
          push @perls, $miniperl;
      }
  
      $self->{PERL} ||=
          $self->find_perl(5.0, \@perls, \@defpath, $Verbose );
  
      my $perl = $self->{PERL};
      $perl =~ s/^"//;
      my $has_mcr = $perl =~ s/^MCR\s*//;
      my $perlflags = '';
      my $stripped_perl;
      while ($perl) {
  	($stripped_perl = $perl) =~ s/"$//;
  	last if -x $stripped_perl;
  	last unless $perl =~ s/(\s+\S+)$//;
  	$perlflags = $1.$perlflags;
      }
      $self->{PERL} = $stripped_perl;
      $self->{PERL} = 'MCR '.$self->{PERL} if $has_mcr || $Is{VMS};
  
      # When built for debugging, VMS doesn't create perl.exe but ndbgperl.exe.
      my $perl_name = 'perl';
      $perl_name = 'ndbgperl' if $Is{VMS} &&
        defined $Config{usevmsdebug} && $Config{usevmsdebug} eq 'define';
  
      # XXX This logic is flawed.  If "miniperl" is anywhere in the path
      # it will get confused.  It should be fixed to work only on the filename.
      # Define 'FULLPERL' to be a non-miniperl (used in test: target)
      unless ($self->{FULLPERL}) {
        ($self->{FULLPERL} = $self->{PERL}) =~ s/\Q$miniperl\E$/$perl_name$Config{exe_ext}/i;
        $self->{FULLPERL} = qq{"$self->{FULLPERL}"}.$perlflags;
      }
      # Can't have an image name with quotes, and findperl will have
      # already escaped spaces.
      $self->{FULLPERL} =~ tr/"//d if $Is{VMS};
  
      # Little hack to get around VMS's find_perl putting "MCR" in front
      # sometimes.
      $self->{ABSPERL} = $self->{PERL};
      $has_mcr = $self->{ABSPERL} =~ s/^MCR\s*//;
      if( $self->file_name_is_absolute($self->{ABSPERL}) ) {
          $self->{ABSPERL} = '$(PERL)';
      }
      else {
          $self->{ABSPERL} = $self->rel2abs($self->{ABSPERL});
  
          # Quote the perl command if it contains whitespace
          $self->{ABSPERL} = $self->quote_literal($self->{ABSPERL})
            if $self->{ABSPERL} =~ /\s/;
  
          $self->{ABSPERL} = 'MCR '.$self->{ABSPERL} if $has_mcr;
      }
      $self->{PERL} = qq{"$self->{PERL}"}.$perlflags;
  
      # Can't have an image name with quotes, and findperl will have
      # already escaped spaces.
      $self->{PERL} =~ tr/"//d if $Is{VMS};
  
      # Are we building the core?
      $self->{PERL_CORE} = $ENV{PERL_CORE} unless exists $self->{PERL_CORE};
      $self->{PERL_CORE} = 0               unless defined $self->{PERL_CORE};
  
      # Make sure perl can find itself before it's installed.
      my $lib_paths = $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL} || $self->{PERL_CORE}
          ? ( $self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} && $self->{PERL_LIB} && $self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} ne $self->{PERL_LIB} ) ?
              q{ "-I$(PERL_LIB)" "-I$(PERL_ARCHLIB)"} : q{ "-I$(PERL_LIB)"}
          : undef;
      my $inst_lib_paths = $self->{INST_ARCHLIB} ne $self->{INST_LIB}
          ? 'RUN)'.$perlflags.' "-I$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(INST_LIB)"'
          : 'RUN)'.$perlflags.' "-I$(INST_LIB)"';
      # How do we run perl?
      foreach my $perl (qw(PERL FULLPERL ABSPERL)) {
          my $run  = $perl.'RUN';
  
          $self->{$run}  = qq{\$($perl)};
          $self->{$run} .= $lib_paths if $lib_paths;
  
          $self->{$perl.'RUNINST'} = '$('.$perl.$inst_lib_paths;
      }
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =item init_platform
  
  =item platform_constants
  
  Add MM_Unix_VERSION.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_platform {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{MM_Unix_VERSION} = $VERSION;
      $self->{PERL_MALLOC_DEF} = '-DPERL_EXTMALLOC_DEF -Dmalloc=Perl_malloc '.
                                 '-Dfree=Perl_mfree -Drealloc=Perl_realloc '.
                                 '-Dcalloc=Perl_calloc';
  
  }
  
  sub platform_constants {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $make_frag = '';
  
      foreach my $macro (qw(MM_Unix_VERSION PERL_MALLOC_DEF))
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          $make_frag .= "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
      }
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  
  =item init_PERM
  
    $mm->init_PERM
  
  Called by init_main.  Initializes PERL_*
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_PERM {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{PERM_DIR} = 755  unless defined $self->{PERM_DIR};
      $self->{PERM_RW}  = 644  unless defined $self->{PERM_RW};
      $self->{PERM_RWX} = 755  unless defined $self->{PERM_RWX};
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =item init_xs
  
      $mm->init_xs
  
  Sets up macros having to do with XS code.  Currently just INST_STATIC,
  INST_DYNAMIC and INST_BOOT.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_xs {
      my $self = shift;
  
      if ($self->has_link_code()) {
          $self->{INST_STATIC}  =
            $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)', '$(BASEEXT)$(LIB_EXT)');
          $self->{INST_DYNAMIC} =
            $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)', '$(DLBASE).$(DLEXT)');
          $self->{INST_BOOT}    =
            $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)', '$(BASEEXT).bs');
  	if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
  	    my @exts = $self->_xs_list_basenames;
  	    my (@statics, @dynamics, @boots);
  	    for my $ext (@exts) {
  		my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($ext);
  		my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($d);
  		shift @d if defined $d[0] and $d[0] eq 'lib';
  		my $instdir = $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto', @d, $f);
  		my $instfile = $self->catfile($instdir, $f);
  		push @statics, "$instfile\$(LIB_EXT)";
  
                  # Dynamic library names may need special handling.
                  my $dynfile = $instfile;
                  eval { require DynaLoader };
                  if (defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname) {
                      $dynfile = $self->catfile($instdir, &DynaLoader::mod2fname([@d, $f]));
                  }
  
  		push @dynamics, "$dynfile.\$(DLEXT)";
  		push @boots, "$instfile.bs";
  	    }
  	    $self->{INST_STATIC} = join ' ', @statics;
  	    $self->{INST_DYNAMIC} = join ' ', @dynamics;
  	    $self->{INST_BOOT} = join ' ', @boots;
  	}
      } else {
          $self->{INST_STATIC}  = '';
          $self->{INST_DYNAMIC} = '';
          $self->{INST_BOOT}    = '';
      }
  }
  
  =item install (o)
  
  Defines the install target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub install {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my(@m);
  
      push @m, q{
  install :: pure_install doc_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  install_perl :: pure_perl_install doc_perl_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  install_site :: pure_site_install doc_site_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  install_vendor :: pure_vendor_install doc_vendor_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  pure_install :: pure_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  doc_install :: doc_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  pure__install : pure_site_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site
  
  doc__install : doc_site_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site
  
  pure_perl_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) \
  };
  
      push @m,
  q{		read "}.$self->catfile('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{" \
  		write "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{" \
  } unless $self->{NO_PACKLIST};
  
      push @m,
  q{		"$(INST_LIB)" "$(DESTINSTALLPRIVLIB)" \
  		"$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)" \
  		"$(INST_BIN)" "$(DESTINSTALLBIN)" \
  		"$(INST_SCRIPT)" "$(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT)" \
  		"$(INST_MAN1DIR)" "$(DESTINSTALLMAN1DIR)" \
  		"$(INST_MAN3DIR)" "$(DESTINSTALLMAN3DIR)"
  	$(NOECHO) $(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) \
  		"}.$self->catdir('$(SITEARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)').q{"
  
  
  pure_site_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) \
  };
      push @m,
  q{		read "}.$self->catfile('$(SITEARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{" \
  		write "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLSITEARCH)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{" \
  } unless $self->{NO_PACKLIST};
  
      push @m,
  q{		"$(INST_LIB)" "$(DESTINSTALLSITELIB)" \
  		"$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "$(DESTINSTALLSITEARCH)" \
  		"$(INST_BIN)" "$(DESTINSTALLSITEBIN)" \
  		"$(INST_SCRIPT)" "$(DESTINSTALLSITESCRIPT)" \
  		"$(INST_MAN1DIR)" "$(DESTINSTALLSITEMAN1DIR)" \
  		"$(INST_MAN3DIR)" "$(DESTINSTALLSITEMAN3DIR)"
  	$(NOECHO) $(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) \
  		"}.$self->catdir('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)').q{"
  
  pure_vendor_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) \
  };
      push @m,
  q{		read "}.$self->catfile('$(VENDORARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{" \
  		write "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{" \
  } unless $self->{NO_PACKLIST};
  
      push @m,
  q{		"$(INST_LIB)" "$(DESTINSTALLVENDORLIB)" \
  		"$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "$(DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH)" \
  		"$(INST_BIN)" "$(DESTINSTALLVENDORBIN)" \
  		"$(INST_SCRIPT)" "$(DESTINSTALLVENDORSCRIPT)" \
  		"$(INST_MAN1DIR)" "$(DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR)" \
  		"$(INST_MAN3DIR)" "$(DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR)"
  
  };
  
      push @m, q{
  doc_perl_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  doc_site_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  doc_vendor_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  } if $self->{NO_PERLLOCAL};
  
      push @m, q{
  doc_perl_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Appending installation info to "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) \
  		"Module" "$(NAME)" \
  		"installed into" "$(INSTALLPRIVLIB)" \
  		LINKTYPE "$(LINKTYPE)" \
  		VERSION "$(VERSION)" \
  		EXE_FILES "$(EXE_FILES)" \
  		>> "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','perllocal.pod').q{"
  
  doc_site_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Appending installation info to "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) \
  		"Module" "$(NAME)" \
  		"installed into" "$(INSTALLSITELIB)" \
  		LINKTYPE "$(LINKTYPE)" \
  		VERSION "$(VERSION)" \
  		EXE_FILES "$(EXE_FILES)" \
  		>> "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','perllocal.pod').q{"
  
  doc_vendor_install :: all
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Appending installation info to "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) \
  		"Module" "$(NAME)" \
  		"installed into" "$(INSTALLVENDORLIB)" \
  		LINKTYPE "$(LINKTYPE)" \
  		VERSION "$(VERSION)" \
  		EXE_FILES "$(EXE_FILES)" \
  		>> "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','perllocal.pod').q{"
  
  } unless $self->{NO_PERLLOCAL};
  
      push @m, q{
  uninstall :: uninstall_from_$(INSTALLDIRS)dirs
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  uninstall_from_perldirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) "}.$self->catfile('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{"
  
  uninstall_from_sitedirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) "}.$self->catfile('$(SITEARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{"
  
  uninstall_from_vendordirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) "}.$self->catfile('$(VENDORARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').q{"
  };
  
      join("",@m);
  }
  
  =item installbin (o)
  
  Defines targets to make and to install EXE_FILES.
  
  =cut
  
  sub installbin {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return "" unless $self->{EXE_FILES} && ref $self->{EXE_FILES} eq "ARRAY";
      my @exefiles = sort @{$self->{EXE_FILES}};
      return "" unless @exefiles;
  
      @exefiles = map vmsify($_), @exefiles if $Is{VMS};
  
      my %fromto;
      for my $from (@exefiles) {
  	my($path)= $self->catfile('$(INST_SCRIPT)', basename($from));
  
  	local($_) = $path; # for backwards compatibility
  	my $to = $self->libscan($path);
  	print "libscan($from) => '$to'\n" if ($Verbose >=2);
  
          $to = vmsify($to) if $Is{VMS};
  	$fromto{$from} = $to;
      }
      my @to   = sort values %fromto;
  
      my @m;
      push(@m, qq{
  EXE_FILES = @exefiles
  
  pure_all :: @to
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  realclean ::
  });
  
      # realclean can get rather large.
      push @m, map "\t$_\n", $self->split_command('$(RM_F)', @to);
      push @m, "\n";
  
      # A target for each exe file.
      my @froms = sort keys %fromto;
      for my $from (@froms) {
          #                              1      2
          push @m, _sprintf562 <<'MAKE', $from, $fromto{$from};
  %2$s : %1$s $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(INST_SCRIPT)$(DFSEP).exists $(INST_BIN)$(DFSEP).exists
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) %2$s
  	$(CP) %1$s %2$s
  	$(FIXIN) %2$s
  	-$(NOECHO) $(CHMOD) $(PERM_RWX) %2$s
  
  MAKE
  
      }
  
      join "", @m;
  }
  
  =item linkext (o)
  
  Defines the linkext target which in turn defines the LINKTYPE.
  
  =cut
  
  # LINKTYPE => static or dynamic or ''
  sub linkext {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my $linktype = $attribs{LINKTYPE};
      $linktype = $self->{LINKTYPE} unless defined $linktype;
      if (defined $linktype and $linktype eq '') {
          warn "Warning: LINKTYPE set to '', no longer necessary\n";
      }
      $linktype = '$(LINKTYPE)' unless defined $linktype;
      "
  linkext :: $linktype
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  ";
  }
  
  =item lsdir
  
  Takes as arguments a directory name and a regular expression. Returns
  all entries in the directory that match the regular expression.
  
  =cut
  
  sub lsdir {
      #  $self
      my(undef, $dir, $regex) = @_;
      opendir(my $dh, defined($dir) ? $dir : ".")
          or return;
      my @ls = readdir $dh;
      closedir $dh;
      @ls = grep(/$regex/, @ls) if defined $regex;
      @ls;
  }
  
  =item macro (o)
  
  Simple subroutine to insert the macros defined by the macro attribute
  into the Makefile.
  
  =cut
  
  sub macro {
      my($self,%attribs) = @_;
      my @m;
      foreach my $key (sort keys %attribs) {
  	my $val = $attribs{$key};
  	push @m, "$key = $val\n";
      }
      join "", @m;
  }
  
  =item makeaperl (o)
  
  Called by staticmake. Defines how to write the Makefile to produce a
  static new perl.
  
  By default the Makefile produced includes all the static extensions in
  the perl library. (Purified versions of library files, e.g.,
  DynaLoader_pure_p1_c0_032.a are automatically ignored to avoid link errors.)
  
  =cut
  
  sub makeaperl {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my($makefilename, $searchdirs, $static, $extra, $perlinc, $target, $tmp, $libperl) =
  	@attribs{qw(MAKE DIRS STAT EXTRA INCL TARGET TMP LIBPERL)};
      s/^(.*)/"-I$1"/ for @{$perlinc || []};
      my(@m);
      push @m, "
  # --- MakeMaker makeaperl section ---
  MAP_TARGET    = $target
  FULLPERL      = $self->{FULLPERL}
  MAP_PERLINC   = @{$perlinc || []}
  ";
      return join '', @m if $self->{PARENT};
  
      my($dir) = join ":", @{$self->{DIR}};
  
      unless ($self->{MAKEAPERL}) {
  	push @m, q{
  $(MAP_TARGET) :: $(MAKE_APERL_FILE)
  	$(MAKE) $(USEMAKEFILE) $(MAKE_APERL_FILE) $@
  
  $(MAKE_APERL_FILE) : static $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) pm_to_blib
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Writing \"$(MAKE_APERL_FILE)\" for this $(MAP_TARGET)
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUNINST) \
  		Makefile.PL DIR="}, $dir, q{" \
  		MAKEFILE=$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) LINKTYPE=static \
  		MAKEAPERL=1 NORECURS=1 CCCDLFLAGS=};
  
  	foreach (@ARGV){
  		my $arg = $_; # avoid lvalue aliasing
  		if ( $arg =~ /(^.*?=)(.*['\s].*)/ ) {
  			$arg = $1 . $self->quote_literal($2);
  		}
  		push @m, " \\\n\t\t$arg";
  	}
  	push @m, "\n";
  
  	return join '', @m;
      }
  
      my $cccmd = $self->const_cccmd($libperl);
      $cccmd =~ s/^CCCMD\s*=\s*//;
      $cccmd =~ s/\$\(INC\)/ "-I$self->{PERL_INC}" /;
      $cccmd .= " $Config{cccdlflags}"
  	if ($Config{useshrplib} eq 'true');
      $cccmd =~ s/\(CC\)/\(PERLMAINCC\)/;
  
      # The front matter of the linkcommand...
      my $linkcmd = join ' ', "\$(CC)",
  	    grep($_, @Config{qw(ldflags ccdlflags)});
      $linkcmd =~ s/\s+/ /g;
      $linkcmd =~ s,(perl\.exp),\$(PERL_INC)/$1,;
  
      # Which *.a files could we make use of...
      my $staticlib21 = $self->_find_static_libs($searchdirs);
      # We trust that what has been handed in as argument, will be buildable
      $static = [] unless $static;
      @$staticlib21{@{$static}} = (1) x @{$static};
  
      $extra = [] unless $extra && ref $extra eq 'ARRAY';
      for (sort keys %$staticlib21) {
  	next unless /\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E\z/;
  	$_ = dirname($_) . "/extralibs.ld";
  	push @$extra, $_;
      }
  
      s/^(.*)/"-I$1"/ for @{$perlinc || []};
  
      $target ||= "perl";
      $tmp    ||= ".";
  
  # MAP_STATIC doesn't look into subdirs yet. Once "all" is made and we
  # regenerate the Makefiles, MAP_STATIC and the dependencies for
  # extralibs.all are computed correctly
      my @map_static = reverse sort keys %$staticlib21;
      push @m, "
  MAP_LINKCMD   = $linkcmd
  MAP_STATIC    = ", join(" \\\n\t", map { qq{"$_"} } @map_static), "
  MAP_STATICDEP = ", join(' ', map { $self->quote_dep($_) } @map_static), "
  
  MAP_PRELIBS   = $Config{perllibs} $Config{cryptlib}
  ";
  
      my $lperl;
      if (defined $libperl) {
  	($lperl = $libperl) =~ s/\$\(A\)/$self->{LIB_EXT}/;
      }
      unless ($libperl && -f $lperl) { # Ilya's code...
  	my $dir = $self->{PERL_SRC} || "$self->{PERL_ARCHLIB}/CORE";
  	$dir = "$self->{PERL_ARCHLIB}/.." if $self->{UNINSTALLED_PERL};
  	$libperl ||= "libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}";
  	$libperl   = "$dir/$libperl";
  	$lperl   ||= "libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}";
  	$lperl     = "$dir/$lperl";
  
          if (! -f $libperl and ! -f $lperl) {
            # We did not find a static libperl. Maybe there is a shared one?
            if ($Is{SunOS}) {
              $lperl  = $libperl = "$dir/$Config{libperl}";
              # SUNOS ld does not take the full path to a shared library
              $libperl = '' if $Is{SunOS4};
            }
          }
  
  	print <<EOF unless -f $lperl || defined($self->{PERL_SRC});
  Warning: $libperl not found
  If you're going to build a static perl binary, make sure perl is installed
  otherwise ignore this warning
  EOF
      }
  
      # SUNOS ld does not take the full path to a shared library
      my $llibperl = $libperl ? '$(MAP_LIBPERL)' : '-lperl';
      my $libperl_dep = $self->quote_dep($libperl);
  
      push @m, "
  MAP_LIBPERL = $libperl
  MAP_LIBPERLDEP = $libperl_dep
  LLIBPERL    = $llibperl
  ";
  
      push @m, '
  $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.all : $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DFSEP).exists '.join(" \\\n\t", @$extra).'
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F)  $@
  	$(NOECHO) $(TOUCH) $@
  ';
  
      foreach my $catfile (@$extra){
  	push @m, "\tcat $catfile >> \$\@\n";
      }
  
      my $ldfrom = $self->{XSMULTI} ? '' : '$(LDFROM)';
      #                             1     2                        3        4
      push @m, _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $tmp, $ldfrom, $self->xs_obj_opt('$@'), $makefilename;
  $(MAP_TARGET) :: %1$s/perlmain$(OBJ_EXT) $(MAP_LIBPERLDEP) $(MAP_STATICDEP) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.all
  	$(MAP_LINKCMD) %2$s $(OPTIMIZE) %1$s/perlmain$(OBJ_EXT) %3$s $(MAP_STATIC) "$(LLIBPERL)" `cat $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.all` $(MAP_PRELIBS)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "To install the new '$(MAP_TARGET)' binary, call"
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "    $(MAKE) $(USEMAKEFILE) %4$s inst_perl MAP_TARGET=$(MAP_TARGET)"
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "    $(MAKE) $(USEMAKEFILE) %4$s map_clean"
  
  %1$s/perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT): %1$s/perlmain.c
  EOF
      push @m, "\t".$self->cd($tmp, qq[$cccmd "-I\$(PERL_INC)" perlmain.c])."\n";
  
      my $maybe_DynaLoader = $Config{usedl} ? 'q(DynaLoader)' : '';
      push @m, _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $tmp, $makefilename, $maybe_DynaLoader;
  
  %1$s/perlmain.c: %2$s
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Writing $@
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) $(MAP_PERLINC) "-MExtUtils::Miniperl" \
  		-e "writemain(grep(s#.*/auto/##s, @ARGV), %3$s)" $(MAP_STATIC) > $@t
  	$(MV) $@t $@
  
  EOF
      push @m, "\t", q{$(NOECHO) $(PERL) "$(INSTALLSCRIPT)/fixpmain"
  } if (defined (&Dos::UseLFN) && Dos::UseLFN()==0);
  
  
      push @m, q{
  doc_inst_perl :
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) Appending installation info to "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) "$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)"
  	-$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) \
  		"Perl binary" "$(MAP_TARGET)" \
  		MAP_STATIC "$(MAP_STATIC)" \
  		MAP_EXTRA "`cat $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.all`" \
  		MAP_LIBPERL "$(MAP_LIBPERL)" \
  		>> "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','perllocal.pod').q{"
  
  };
  
      push @m, q{
  inst_perl : pure_inst_perl doc_inst_perl
  
  pure_inst_perl : $(MAP_TARGET)
  	}.$self->{CP}.q{ $(MAP_TARGET) "}.$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLBIN)','$(MAP_TARGET)').q{"
  
  clean :: map_clean
  
  map_clean :
  	}.$self->{RM_F}.qq{ $tmp/perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT) $tmp/perlmain.c \$(MAP_TARGET) $makefilename \$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.all
  };
  
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  # utility method
  sub _find_static_libs {
      my ($self, $searchdirs) = @_;
      # don't use File::Spec here because on Win32 F::F still uses "/"
      my $installed_version = join('/',
  	'auto', $self->{FULLEXT}, "$self->{BASEEXT}$self->{LIB_EXT}"
      );
      my %staticlib21;
      require File::Find;
      File::Find::find(sub {
  	if ($File::Find::name =~ m{/auto/share\z}) {
  	    # in a subdir of auto/share, prune because e.g.
  	    # Alien::pkgconfig uses File::ShareDir to put .a files
  	    # there. do not want
  	    $File::Find::prune = 1;
  	    return;
  	}
  
  	return unless m/\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E$/;
  
  	return unless -f 'extralibs.ld'; # this checks is a "proper" XS installation
  
          # Skip perl's libraries.
          return if m/^libperl/ or m/^perl\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E$/;
  
  	# Skip purified versions of libraries
          # (e.g., DynaLoader_pure_p1_c0_032.a)
  	return if m/_pure_\w+_\w+_\w+\.\w+$/ and -f "$File::Find::dir/.pure";
  
  	if( exists $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} ){
  		my $found = 0;
  
  		(my $xx = $File::Find::name) =~ s,.*?/auto/,,s;
  		$xx =~ s,/?$_,,;
  		$xx =~ s,/,::,g;
  
  		# Throw away anything not explicitly marked for inclusion.
  		# DynaLoader is implied.
  		foreach my $incl ((@{$self->{INCLUDE_EXT}},'DynaLoader')){
  			if( $xx eq $incl ){
  				$found++;
  				last;
  			}
  		}
  		return unless $found;
  	}
  	elsif( exists $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} ){
  		(my $xx = $File::Find::name) =~ s,.*?/auto/,,s;
  		$xx =~ s,/?$_,,;
  		$xx =~ s,/,::,g;
  
  		# Throw away anything explicitly marked for exclusion
  		foreach my $excl (@{$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}}){
  			return if( $xx eq $excl );
  		}
  	}
  
  	# don't include the installed version of this extension. I
  	# leave this line here, although it is not necessary anymore:
  	# I patched minimod.PL instead, so that Miniperl.pm won't
  	# include duplicates
  
  	# Once the patch to minimod.PL is in the distribution, I can
  	# drop it
  	return if $File::Find::name =~ m:\Q$installed_version\E\z:;
  	return if !$self->xs_static_lib_is_xs($_);
  	use Cwd 'cwd';
  	$staticlib21{cwd() . "/" . $_}++;
      }, grep( -d $_, map { $self->catdir($_, 'auto') } @{$searchdirs || []}) );
      return \%staticlib21;
  }
  
  =item xs_static_lib_is_xs (o)
  
  Called by a utility method of makeaperl. Checks whether a given file
  is an XS library by seeing whether it defines any symbols starting
  with C<boot_>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_static_lib_is_xs {
      my ($self, $libfile) = @_;
      my $devnull = File::Spec->devnull;
      return `nm $libfile 2>$devnull` =~ /\bboot_/;
  }
  
  =item makefile (o)
  
  Defines how to rewrite the Makefile.
  
  =cut
  
  sub makefile {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $m;
      # We do not know what target was originally specified so we
      # must force a manual rerun to be sure. But as it should only
      # happen very rarely it is not a significant problem.
      $m = '
  $(OBJECT) : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
  
  ' if $self->{OBJECT};
  
      my $newer_than_target = $Is{VMS} ? '$(MMS$SOURCE_LIST)' : '$?';
      my $mpl_args = join " ", map qq["$_"], @ARGV;
      my $cross = '';
      if (defined $::Cross::platform) {
          # Inherited from win32/buildext.pl
          $cross = "-MCross=$::Cross::platform ";
      }
      $m .= sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $newer_than_target, $cross, $mpl_args;
  # We take a very conservative approach here, but it's worth it.
  # We move Makefile to Makefile.old here to avoid gnu make looping.
  $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) : Makefile.PL $(CONFIGDEP)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Makefile out-of-date with respect to %s"
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Cleaning current config before rebuilding Makefile..."
  	-$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) $(MAKEFILE_OLD)
  	-$(NOECHO) $(MV)   $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(MAKEFILE_OLD)
  	- $(MAKE) $(USEMAKEFILE) $(MAKEFILE_OLD) clean $(DEV_NULL)
  	$(PERLRUN) %sMakefile.PL %s
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "==> Your Makefile has been rebuilt. <=="
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "==> Please rerun the $(MAKE) command.  <=="
  	$(FALSE)
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      return $m;
  }
  
  
  =item maybe_command
  
  Returns true, if the argument is likely to be a command.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maybe_command {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      return $file if -x $file && ! -d $file;
      return;
  }
  
  
  =item needs_linking (o)
  
  Does this module need linking? Looks into subdirectory objects (see
  also has_link_code())
  
  =cut
  
  sub needs_linking {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      my $caller = (caller(0))[3];
      confess("needs_linking called too early") if
        $caller =~ /^ExtUtils::MakeMaker::/;
      return $self->{NEEDS_LINKING} if defined $self->{NEEDS_LINKING};
      if ($self->has_link_code or $self->{MAKEAPERL}){
  	$self->{NEEDS_LINKING} = 1;
  	return 1;
      }
      foreach my $child (keys %{$self->{CHILDREN}}) {
  	if ($self->{CHILDREN}->{$child}->needs_linking) {
  	    $self->{NEEDS_LINKING} = 1;
  	    return 1;
  	}
      }
      return $self->{NEEDS_LINKING} = 0;
  }
  
  
  =item parse_abstract
  
  parse a file and return what you think is the ABSTRACT
  
  =cut
  
  sub parse_abstract {
      my($self,$parsefile) = @_;
      my $result;
  
      local $/ = "\n";
      open(my $fh, '<', $parsefile) or die "Could not open '$parsefile': $!";
      binmode $fh;
      my $inpod = 0;
      my $pod_encoding;
      my $package = $self->{DISTNAME};
      $package =~ s/-/::/g;
      while (<$fh>) {
          $inpod = /^=(?!cut)/ ? 1 : /^=cut/ ? 0 : $inpod;
          next if !$inpod;
          s#\r*\n\z##; # handle CRLF input
  
          if ( /^=encoding\s*(.*)$/i ) {
              $pod_encoding = $1;
          }
  
          if ( /^($package(?:\.pm)? \s+ -+ \s+)(.*)/x ) {
            $result = $2;
            next;
          }
          next unless $result;
  
          if ( $result && ( /^\s*$/ || /^\=/ ) ) {
            last;
          }
          $result = join ' ', $result, $_;
      }
      close $fh;
  
      if ( $pod_encoding and !( $] < 5.008 or !$Config{useperlio} ) ) {
          # Have to wrap in an eval{} for when running under PERL_CORE
          # Encode isn't available during build phase and parsing
          # ABSTRACT isn't important there
          eval {
            require Encode;
            $result = Encode::decode($pod_encoding, $result);
          }
      }
  
      return $result;
  }
  
  =item parse_version
  
      my $version = MM->parse_version($file);
  
  Parse a $file and return what $VERSION is set to by the first assignment.
  It will return the string "undef" if it can't figure out what $VERSION
  is. $VERSION should be for all to see, so C<our $VERSION> or plain $VERSION
  are okay, but C<my $VERSION> is not.
  
  C<<package Foo VERSION>> is also checked for.  The first version
  declaration found is used, but this may change as it differs from how
  Perl does it.
  
  parse_version() will try to C<use version> before checking for
  C<$VERSION> so the following will work.
  
      $VERSION = qv(1.2.3);
  
  =cut
  
  sub parse_version {
      my($self,$parsefile) = @_;
      my $result;
  
      local $/ = "\n";
      local $_;
      open(my $fh, '<', $parsefile) or die "Could not open '$parsefile': $!";
      my $inpod = 0;
      while (<$fh>) {
          $inpod = /^=(?!cut)/ ? 1 : /^=cut/ ? 0 : $inpod;
          next if $inpod || /^\s*#/;
          chop;
          next if /^\s*(if|unless|elsif)/;
          if ( m{^ \s* package \s+ \w[\w\:\']* \s+ (v?[0-9._]+) \s* (;|\{)  }x ) {
              local $^W = 0;
              $result = $1;
          }
          elsif ( m{(?<!\\) ([\$*]) (([\w\:\']*) \bVERSION)\b .* (?<![<>=!])\=[^=]}x ) {
  			$result = $self->get_version($parsefile, $1, $2);
          }
          else {
            next;
          }
          last if defined $result;
      }
      close $fh;
  
      if ( defined $result && $result !~ /^v?[\d_\.]+$/ ) {
        require version;
        my $normal = eval { version->new( $result ) };
        $result = $normal if defined $normal;
      }
      $result = "undef" unless defined $result;
      return $result;
  }
  
  sub get_version {
      my ($self, $parsefile, $sigil, $name) = @_;
      my $line = $_; # from the while() loop in parse_version
      {
          package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::_version;
          undef *version; # in case of unexpected version() sub
          eval {
              require version;
              version::->import;
          };
          no strict;
          local *{$name};
          local $^W = 0;
          $line = $1 if $line =~ m{^(.+)}s;
          eval($line); ## no critic
          return ${$name};
      }
  }
  
  =item pasthru (o)
  
  Defines the string that is passed to recursive make calls in
  subdirectories. The variables like C<PASTHRU_DEFINE> are used in each
  level, and passed downwards on the command-line with e.g. the value of
  that level's DEFINE. Example:
  
      # Level 0 has DEFINE = -Dfunky
      # This code will define level 0's PASTHRU=PASTHRU_DEFINE="$(DEFINE)
      #     $(PASTHRU_DEFINE)"
      # Level 0's $(CCCMD) will include macros $(DEFINE) and $(PASTHRU_DEFINE)
      # So will level 1's, so when level 1 compiles, it will get right values
      # And so ad infinitum
  
  =cut
  
  sub pasthru {
      my($self) = shift;
      my(@m);
  
      my(@pasthru);
      my($sep) = $Is{VMS} ? ',' : '';
      $sep .= "\\\n\t";
  
      foreach my $key (qw(LIB LIBPERL_A LINKTYPE OPTIMIZE
                       PREFIX INSTALL_BASE)
                   )
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$key};
  	push @pasthru, "$key=\"\$($key)\"";
      }
  
      foreach my $key (qw(DEFINE INC)) {
          # default to the make var
          my $val = qq{\$($key)};
          # expand within perl if given since need to use quote_literal
          # since INC might include space-protecting ""!
          chomp($val = $self->{$key}) if defined $self->{$key};
          $val .= " \$(PASTHRU_$key)";
          my $quoted = $self->quote_literal($val);
          push @pasthru, qq{PASTHRU_$key=$quoted};
      }
  
      push @m, "\nPASTHRU = ", join ($sep, @pasthru), "\n";
      join "", @m;
  }
  
  =item perl_script
  
  Takes one argument, a file name, and returns the file name, if the
  argument is likely to be a perl script. On MM_Unix this is true for
  any ordinary, readable file.
  
  =cut
  
  sub perl_script {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      return $file if -r $file && -f _;
      return;
  }
  
  =item perldepend (o)
  
  Defines the dependency from all *.h files that come with the perl
  distribution.
  
  =cut
  
  sub perldepend {
      my($self) = shift;
      my(@m);
  
      my $make_config = $self->cd('$(PERL_SRC)', '$(MAKE) lib/Config.pm');
  
      push @m, sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $make_config if $self->{PERL_SRC};
  # Check for unpropogated config.sh changes. Should never happen.
  # We do NOT just update config.h because that is not sufficient.
  # An out of date config.h is not fatal but complains loudly!
  $(PERL_INCDEP)/config.h: $(PERL_SRC)/config.sh
  	-$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Warning: $(PERL_INC)/config.h out of date with $(PERL_SRC)/config.sh"; $(FALSE)
  
  $(PERL_ARCHLIB)/Config.pm: $(PERL_SRC)/config.sh
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Warning: $(PERL_ARCHLIB)/Config.pm may be out of date with $(PERL_SRC)/config.sh"
  	%s
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      return join "", @m unless $self->needs_linking;
  
      if ($self->{OBJECT}) {
          # Need to add an object file dependency on the perl headers.
          # this is very important for XS modules in perl.git development.
          push @m, $self->_perl_header_files_fragment("/"); # Directory separator between $(PERL_INC)/header.h
      }
  
      push @m, join(" ", sort values %{$self->{XS}})." : \$(XSUBPPDEPS)\n"  if %{$self->{XS}};
  
      return join "\n", @m;
  }
  
  
  =item pm_to_blib
  
  Defines target that copies all files in the hash PM to their
  destination and autosplits them. See L<ExtUtils::Install/DESCRIPTION>
  
  =cut
  
  sub pm_to_blib {
      my $self = shift;
      my($autodir) = $self->catdir('$(INST_LIB)','auto');
      my $r = q{
  pm_to_blib : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(TO_INST_PM)
  };
  
      # VMS will swallow '' and PM_FILTER is often empty.  So use q[]
      my $pm_to_blib = $self->oneliner(<<CODE, ['-MExtUtils::Install']);
  pm_to_blib({\@ARGV}, '$autodir', q[\$(PM_FILTER)], '\$(PERM_DIR)')
  CODE
  
      my @cmds = $self->split_command($pm_to_blib,
                    map { ($self->quote_literal($_) => $self->quote_literal($self->{PM}->{$_})) } sort keys %{$self->{PM}});
  
      $r .= join '', map { "\t\$(NOECHO) $_\n" } @cmds;
      $r .= qq{\t\$(NOECHO) \$(TOUCH) pm_to_blib\n};
  
      return $r;
  }
  
  # transform dot-separated version string into comma-separated quadruple
  # examples:  '1.2.3.4.5' => '1,2,3,4'
  #            '1.2.3'     => '1,2,3,0'
  sub _ppd_version {
      my ($self, $string) = @_;
      return join ',', ((split /\./, $string), (0) x 4)[0..3];
  }
  
  =item ppd
  
  Defines target that creates a PPD (Perl Package Description) file
  for a binary distribution.
  
  =cut
  
  sub ppd {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      my $abstract = $self->{ABSTRACT} || '';
      $abstract =~ s/\n/\\n/sg;
      $abstract =~ s/</&lt;/g;
      $abstract =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
  
      my $author = join(', ',@{ ref $self->{AUTHOR} eq 'ARRAY' ? $self->{AUTHOR} : [ $self->{AUTHOR} || '']});
      $author =~ s/</&lt;/g;
      $author =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
  
      my $ppd_file = "$self->{DISTNAME}.ppd";
  
      my @ppd_chunks = qq(<SOFTPKG NAME="$self->{DISTNAME}" VERSION="$self->{VERSION}">\n);
  
      push @ppd_chunks, sprintf <<'PPD_HTML', $abstract, $author;
      <ABSTRACT>%s</ABSTRACT>
      <AUTHOR>%s</AUTHOR>
  PPD_HTML
  
      push @ppd_chunks, "    <IMPLEMENTATION>\n";
      if ( $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
          my $min_perl_version = $self->_ppd_version($self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION});
          push @ppd_chunks, sprintf <<'PPD_PERLVERS', $min_perl_version;
          <PERLCORE VERSION="%s" />
  PPD_PERLVERS
  
      }
  
      # Don't add "perl" to requires.  perl dependencies are
      # handles by ARCHITECTURE.
      my %prereqs = %{$self->{PREREQ_PM}};
      delete $prereqs{perl};
  
      # Build up REQUIRE
      foreach my $prereq (sort keys %prereqs) {
          my $name = $prereq;
          $name .= '::' unless $name =~ /::/;
          my $version = $prereqs{$prereq};
  
          my %attrs = ( NAME => $name );
          $attrs{VERSION} = $version if $version;
          my $attrs = join " ", map { qq[$_="$attrs{$_}"] } sort keys %attrs;
          push @ppd_chunks, qq(        <REQUIRE $attrs />\n);
      }
  
      my $archname = $Config{archname};
      if ($] >= 5.008) {
          # archname did not change from 5.6 to 5.8, but those versions may
          # not be not binary compatible so now we append the part of the
          # version that changes when binary compatibility may change
          $archname .= "-$Config{PERL_REVISION}.$Config{PERL_VERSION}";
      }
      push @ppd_chunks, sprintf <<'PPD_OUT', $archname;
          <ARCHITECTURE NAME="%s" />
  PPD_OUT
  
      if ($self->{PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT}) {
          if ($self->{PPM_INSTALL_EXEC}) {
              push @ppd_chunks, sprintf qq{        <INSTALL EXEC="%s">%s</INSTALL>\n},
                    $self->{PPM_INSTALL_EXEC}, $self->{PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT};
          }
          else {
              push @ppd_chunks, sprintf qq{        <INSTALL>%s</INSTALL>\n},
                    $self->{PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT};
          }
      }
  
      if ($self->{PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT}) {
          if ($self->{PPM_UNINSTALL_EXEC}) {
              push @ppd_chunks, sprintf qq{        <UNINSTALL EXEC="%s">%s</UNINSTALL>\n},
                    $self->{PPM_UNINSTALL_EXEC}, $self->{PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT};
          }
          else {
              push @ppd_chunks, sprintf qq{        <UNINSTALL>%s</UNINSTALL>\n},
                    $self->{PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT};
          }
      }
  
      my ($bin_location) = $self->{BINARY_LOCATION} || '';
      $bin_location =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
  
      push @ppd_chunks, sprintf <<'PPD_XML', $bin_location;
          <CODEBASE HREF="%s" />
      </IMPLEMENTATION>
  </SOFTPKG>
  PPD_XML
  
      my @ppd_cmds = $self->stashmeta(join('', @ppd_chunks), $ppd_file);
  
      return sprintf <<'PPD_OUT', join "\n\t", @ppd_cmds;
  # Creates a PPD (Perl Package Description) for a binary distribution.
  ppd :
  	%s
  PPD_OUT
  
  }
  
  =item prefixify
  
    $MM->prefixify($var, $prefix, $new_prefix, $default);
  
  Using either $MM->{uc $var} || $Config{lc $var}, it will attempt to
  replace it's $prefix with a $new_prefix.
  
  Should the $prefix fail to match I<AND> a PREFIX was given as an
  argument to WriteMakefile() it will set it to the $new_prefix +
  $default.  This is for systems whose file layouts don't neatly fit into
  our ideas of prefixes.
  
  This is for heuristics which attempt to create directory structures
  that mirror those of the installed perl.
  
  For example:
  
      $MM->prefixify('installman1dir', '/usr', '/home/foo', 'man/man1');
  
  this will attempt to remove '/usr' from the front of the
  $MM->{INSTALLMAN1DIR} path (initializing it to $Config{installman1dir}
  if necessary) and replace it with '/home/foo'.  If this fails it will
  simply use '/home/foo/man/man1'.
  
  =cut
  
  sub prefixify {
      my($self,$var,$sprefix,$rprefix,$default) = @_;
  
      my $path = $self->{uc $var} ||
                 $Config_Override{lc $var} || $Config{lc $var} || '';
  
      $rprefix .= '/' if $sprefix =~ m|/$|;
  
      warn "  prefixify $var => $path\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
      warn "    from $sprefix to $rprefix\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
  
      if( $self->{ARGS}{PREFIX} &&
          $path !~ s{^\Q$sprefix\E\b}{$rprefix}s )
      {
  
          warn "    cannot prefix, using default.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
          warn "    no default!\n" if !$default && $Verbose >= 2;
  
          $path = $self->catdir($rprefix, $default) if $default;
      }
  
      print "    now $path\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
      return $self->{uc $var} = $path;
  }
  
  
  =item processPL (o)
  
  Defines targets to run *.PL files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub processPL {
      my $self = shift;
      my $pl_files = $self->{PL_FILES};
  
      return "" unless $pl_files;
  
      my $m = '';
      foreach my $plfile (sort keys %$pl_files) {
          my $list = ref($pl_files->{$plfile})
                       ?  $pl_files->{$plfile}
                       : [$pl_files->{$plfile}];
  
          foreach my $target (@$list) {
              if( $Is{VMS} ) {
                  $plfile = vmsify($self->eliminate_macros($plfile));
                  $target = vmsify($self->eliminate_macros($target));
              }
  
              # Normally a .PL file runs AFTER pm_to_blib so it can have
              # blib in its @INC and load the just built modules.  BUT if
              # the generated module is something in $(TO_INST_PM) which
              # pm_to_blib depends on then it can't depend on pm_to_blib
              # else we have a dependency loop.
              my $pm_dep;
              my $perlrun;
              if( defined $self->{PM}{$target} ) {
                  $pm_dep  = '';
                  $perlrun = 'PERLRUN';
              }
              else {
                  $pm_dep  = 'pm_to_blib';
                  $perlrun = 'PERLRUNINST';
              }
  
              $m .= <<MAKE_FRAG;
  
  pure_all :: $target
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  $target :: $plfile $pm_dep
  	\$($perlrun) $plfile $target
  MAKE_FRAG
  
          }
      }
  
      return $m;
  }
  
  =item specify_shell
  
  Specify SHELL if needed - not done on Unix.
  
  =cut
  
  sub specify_shell {
    return '';
  }
  
  =item quote_paren
  
  Backslashes parentheses C<()> in command line arguments.
  Doesn't handle recursive Makefile C<$(...)> constructs,
  but handles simple ones.
  
  =cut
  
  sub quote_paren {
      my $arg = shift;
      $arg =~ s{\$\((.+?)\)}{\$\\\\($1\\\\)}g;	# protect $(...)
      $arg =~ s{(?<!\\)([()])}{\\$1}g;		# quote unprotected
      $arg =~ s{\$\\\\\((.+?)\\\\\)}{\$($1)}g;	# unprotect $(...)
      return $arg;
  }
  
  =item replace_manpage_separator
  
    my $man_name = $MM->replace_manpage_separator($file_path);
  
  Takes the name of a package, which may be a nested package, in the
  form 'Foo/Bar.pm' and replaces the slash with C<::> or something else
  safe for a man page file name.  Returns the replacement.
  
  =cut
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self,$man) = @_;
  
      $man =~ s,/+,::,g;
      return $man;
  }
  
  
  =item cd
  
  =cut
  
  sub cd {
      my($self, $dir, @cmds) = @_;
  
      # No leading tab and no trailing newline makes for easier embedding
      my $make_frag = join "\n\t", map { "cd $dir && $_" } @cmds;
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  =item oneliner
  
  =cut
  
  sub oneliner {
      my($self, $cmd, $switches) = @_;
      $switches = [] unless defined $switches;
  
      # Strip leading and trailing newlines
      $cmd =~ s{^\n+}{};
      $cmd =~ s{\n+$}{};
  
      my @cmds = split /\n/, $cmd;
      $cmd = join " \n\t  -e ", map $self->quote_literal($_), @cmds;
      $cmd = $self->escape_newlines($cmd);
  
      $switches = join ' ', @$switches;
  
      return qq{\$(ABSPERLRUN) $switches -e $cmd --};
  }
  
  
  =item quote_literal
  
  Quotes macro literal value suitable for being used on a command line so
  that when expanded by make, will be received by command as given to
  this method:
  
    my $quoted = $mm->quote_literal(q{it isn't});
    # returns:
    #   'it isn'\''t'
    print MAKEFILE "target:\n\techo $quoted\n";
    # when run "make target", will output:
    #   it isn't
  
  =cut
  
  sub quote_literal {
      my($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
      $opts->{allow_variables} = 1 unless defined $opts->{allow_variables};
  
      # Quote single quotes
      $text =~ s{'}{'\\''}g;
  
      $text = $opts->{allow_variables}
        ? $self->escape_dollarsigns($text) : $self->escape_all_dollarsigns($text);
  
      return "'$text'";
  }
  
  
  =item escape_newlines
  
  =cut
  
  sub escape_newlines {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      $text =~ s{\n}{\\\n}g;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  
  =item max_exec_len
  
  Using POSIX::ARG_MAX.  Otherwise falling back to 4096.
  
  =cut
  
  sub max_exec_len {
      my $self = shift;
  
      if (!defined $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN}) {
          if (my $arg_max = eval { require POSIX;  &POSIX::ARG_MAX }) {
              $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} = $arg_max;
          }
          else {      # POSIX minimum exec size
              $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} = 4096;
          }
      }
  
      return $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN};
  }
  
  
  =item static (o)
  
  Defines the static target.
  
  =cut
  
  sub static {
  # --- Static Loading Sections ---
  
      my($self) = shift;
      '
  ## $(INST_PM) has been moved to the all: target.
  ## It remains here for awhile to allow for old usage: "make static"
  static :: $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(INST_STATIC)
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  ';
  }
  
  sub static_lib {
      my($self) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->has_link_code;
      my(@m);
      my @libs;
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
  	for my $ext ($self->_xs_list_basenames) {
  	    my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($ext);
  	    my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($d);
  	    shift @d if $d[0] eq 'lib';
  	    my $instdir = $self->catdir('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto', @d, $f);
  	    my $instfile = $self->catfile($instdir, "$f\$(LIB_EXT)");
  	    my $objfile = "$ext\$(OBJ_EXT)";
  	    push @libs, [ $objfile, $instfile, $instdir ];
  	}
      } else {
  	@libs = ([ qw($(OBJECT) $(INST_STATIC) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)) ]);
      }
      push @m, map { $self->xs_make_static_lib(@$_); } @libs;
      join "\n", @m;
  }
  
  =item xs_make_static_lib
  
  Defines the recipes for the C<static_lib> section.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_make_static_lib {
      my ($self, $from, $to, $todir) = @_;
      my @m = sprintf '%s: %s $(MYEXTLIB) %s$(DFSEP).exists'."\n", $to, $from, $todir;
      push @m, "\t\$(RM_F) \"\$\@\"\n";
      push @m, $self->static_lib_fixtures;
      push @m, $self->static_lib_pure_cmd($from);
      push @m, "\t\$(CHMOD) \$(PERM_RWX) \$\@\n";
      push @m, $self->static_lib_closures($todir);
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  =item static_lib_closures
  
  Records C<$(EXTRALIBS)> in F<extralibs.ld> and F<$(PERL_SRC)/ext.libs>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub static_lib_closures {
      my ($self, $todir) = @_;
      my @m = sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $todir;
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "$(EXTRALIBS)" > %s$(DFSEP)extralibs.ld
  MAKE_FRAG
      # Old mechanism - still available:
      push @m, <<'MAKE_FRAG' if $self->{PERL_SRC} && $self->{EXTRALIBS};
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "$(EXTRALIBS)" >> $(PERL_SRC)$(DFSEP)ext.libs
  MAKE_FRAG
      @m;
  }
  
  =item static_lib_fixtures
  
  Handles copying C<$(MYEXTLIB)> as starter for final static library that
  then gets added to.
  
  =cut
  
  sub static_lib_fixtures {
      my ($self) = @_;
      # If this extension has its own library (eg SDBM_File)
      # then copy that to $(INST_STATIC) and add $(OBJECT) into it.
      return unless $self->{MYEXTLIB};
      "\t\$(CP) \$(MYEXTLIB) \"\$\@\"\n";
  }
  
  =item static_lib_pure_cmd
  
  Defines how to run the archive utility.
  
  =cut
  
  sub static_lib_pure_cmd {
      my ($self, $from) = @_;
      my $ar;
      if (exists $self->{FULL_AR} && -x $self->{FULL_AR}) {
          # Prefer the absolute pathed ar if available so that PATH
          # doesn't confuse us.  Perl itself is built with the full_ar.
          $ar = 'FULL_AR';
      } else {
          $ar = 'AR';
      }
      sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $ar, $from;
  	$(%s) $(AR_STATIC_ARGS) "$@" %s
  	$(RANLIB) "$@"
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item staticmake (o)
  
  Calls makeaperl.
  
  =cut
  
  sub staticmake {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my(@static);
  
      my(@searchdirs)=($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB}, $self->{SITEARCHEXP},  $self->{INST_ARCHLIB});
  
      # And as it's not yet built, we add the current extension
      # but only if it has some C code (or XS code, which implies C code)
      if (@{$self->{C}}) {
  	@static = $self->catfile($self->{INST_ARCHLIB},
  				 "auto",
  				 $self->{FULLEXT},
  				 "$self->{BASEEXT}$self->{LIB_EXT}"
  				);
      }
  
      # Either we determine now, which libraries we will produce in the
      # subdirectories or we do it at runtime of the make.
  
      # We could ask all subdir objects, but I cannot imagine, why it
      # would be necessary.
  
      # Instead we determine all libraries for the new perl at
      # runtime.
      my(@perlinc) = ($self->{INST_ARCHLIB}, $self->{INST_LIB}, $self->{PERL_ARCHLIB}, $self->{PERL_LIB});
  
      $self->makeaperl(MAKE	=> $self->{MAKEFILE},
  		     DIRS	=> \@searchdirs,
  		     STAT	=> \@static,
  		     INCL	=> \@perlinc,
  		     TARGET	=> $self->{MAP_TARGET},
  		     TMP	=> "",
  		     LIBPERL	=> $self->{LIBPERL_A}
  		    );
  }
  
  =item subdir_x (o)
  
  Helper subroutine for subdirs
  
  =cut
  
  sub subdir_x {
      my($self, $subdir) = @_;
  
      my $subdir_cmd = $self->cd($subdir,
        '$(MAKE) $(USEMAKEFILE) $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) all $(PASTHRU)'
      );
      return sprintf <<'EOT', $subdir_cmd;
  
  subdirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) %s
  EOT
  
  }
  
  =item subdirs (o)
  
  Defines targets to process subdirectories.
  
  =cut
  
  sub subdirs {
  # --- Sub-directory Sections ---
      my($self) = shift;
      my(@m);
      # This method provides a mechanism to automatically deal with
      # subdirectories containing further Makefile.PL scripts.
      # It calls the subdir_x() method for each subdirectory.
      foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
  	push @m, $self->subdir_x($dir);
  ####	print "Including $dir subdirectory\n";
      }
      if (@m){
  	unshift @m, <<'EOF';
  
  # The default clean, realclean and test targets in this Makefile
  # have automatically been given entries for each subdir.
  
  EOF
      } else {
  	push(@m, "\n# none")
      }
      join('',@m);
  }
  
  =item test (o)
  
  Defines the test targets.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my $tests = $attribs{TESTS} || '';
      if (!$tests && -d 't' && defined $attribs{RECURSIVE_TEST_FILES}) {
          $tests = $self->find_tests_recursive;
      }
      elsif (!$tests && -d 't') {
          $tests = $self->find_tests;
      }
      # have to do this because nmake is broken
      $tests =~ s!/!\\!g if $self->is_make_type('nmake');
      # note: 'test.pl' name is also hardcoded in init_dirscan()
      my @m;
      my $default_testtype = $Config{usedl} ? 'dynamic' : 'static';
      push @m, <<EOF;
  TEST_VERBOSE=0
  TEST_TYPE=test_\$(LINKTYPE)
  TEST_FILE = test.pl
  TEST_FILES = $tests
  TESTDB_SW = -d
  
  testdb :: testdb_\$(LINKTYPE)
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  test :: \$(TEST_TYPE)
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  # Occasionally we may face this degenerate target:
  test_ : test_$default_testtype
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  EOF
  
      for my $linktype (qw(dynamic static)) {
          my $directdeps = join ' ', grep !$self->{SKIPHASH}{$_}, $linktype, "pure_all"; # no depend on a linktype if SKIPped
          push @m, "subdirs-test_$linktype :: $directdeps\n";
          foreach my $dir (@{ $self->{DIR} }) {
              my $test = $self->cd($dir, "\$(MAKE) test_$linktype \$(PASTHRU)");
              push @m, "\t\$(NOECHO) $test\n";
          }
          push @m, "\n";
          if ($tests or -f "test.pl") {
              for my $testspec ([ '', '' ], [ 'db', ' $(TESTDB_SW)' ]) {
                  my ($db, $switch) = @$testspec;
                  my ($command, $deps);
                  # if testdb, build all but don't test all
                  $deps = $db eq 'db' ? $directdeps : "subdirs-test_$linktype";
                  if ($linktype eq 'static' and $self->needs_linking) {
                      my $target = File::Spec->rel2abs('$(MAP_TARGET)');
                      $command = qq{"$target" \$(MAP_PERLINC)};
                      $deps .= ' $(MAP_TARGET)';
                  } else {
                      $command = '$(FULLPERLRUN)' . $switch;
                  }
                  push @m, "test${db}_$linktype :: $deps\n";
                  if ($db eq 'db') {
                      push @m, $self->test_via_script($command, '$(TEST_FILE)')
                  } else {
                      push @m, $self->test_via_script($command, '$(TEST_FILE)')
                          if -f "test.pl";
                      push @m, $self->test_via_harness($command, '$(TEST_FILES)')
                          if $tests;
                  }
                  push @m, "\n";
              }
          } else {
              push @m, _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $linktype;
  testdb_%1$s test_%1$s :: subdirs-test_%1$s
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) 'No tests defined for $(NAME) extension.'
  
  EOF
          }
      }
  
      join "", @m;
  }
  
  =item test_via_harness (override)
  
  For some reason which I forget, Unix machines like to have
  PERL_DL_NONLAZY set for tests.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_via_harness {
      my($self, $perl, $tests) = @_;
      return $self->SUPER::test_via_harness("PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 $perl", $tests);
  }
  
  =item test_via_script (override)
  
  Again, the PERL_DL_NONLAZY thing.
  
  =cut
  
  sub test_via_script {
      my($self, $perl, $script) = @_;
      return $self->SUPER::test_via_script("PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 $perl", $script);
  }
  
  
  =item tool_xsubpp (o)
  
  Determines typemaps, xsubpp version, prototype behaviour.
  
  =cut
  
  sub tool_xsubpp {
      my($self) = shift;
      return "" unless $self->needs_linking;
  
      my $xsdir;
      my @xsubpp_dirs = @INC;
  
      # Make sure we pick up the new xsubpp if we're building perl.
      unshift @xsubpp_dirs, $self->{PERL_LIB} if $self->{PERL_CORE};
  
      my $foundxsubpp = 0;
      foreach my $dir (@xsubpp_dirs) {
          $xsdir = $self->catdir($dir, 'ExtUtils');
          if( -r $self->catfile($xsdir, "xsubpp") ) {
              $foundxsubpp = 1;
              last;
          }
      }
      die "ExtUtils::MM_Unix::tool_xsubpp : Can't find xsubpp" if !$foundxsubpp;
  
      my $tmdir   = $self->catdir($self->{PERL_LIB},"ExtUtils");
      my(@tmdeps) = $self->catfile($tmdir,'typemap');
      if( $self->{TYPEMAPS} ){
          foreach my $typemap (@{$self->{TYPEMAPS}}){
              if( ! -f  $typemap ) {
                  warn "Typemap $typemap not found.\n";
              }
              else {
                  $typemap = vmsify($typemap) if $Is{VMS};
                  push(@tmdeps, $typemap);
              }
          }
      }
      push(@tmdeps, "typemap") if -f "typemap";
      # absolutised because with deep-located typemaps, eg "lib/XS/typemap",
      # if xsubpp is called from top level with
      #     $(XSUBPP) ... -typemap "lib/XS/typemap" "lib/XS/Test.xs"
      # it says:
      #     Can't find lib/XS/type map in (fulldir)/lib/XS
      # because ExtUtils::ParseXS::process_file chdir's to .xs file's
      # location. This is the only way to get all specified typemaps used,
      # wherever located.
      my @tmargs = map { '-typemap '.$self->quote_literal(File::Spec->rel2abs($_)) } @tmdeps;
      $_ = $self->quote_dep($_) for @tmdeps;
      if( exists $self->{XSOPT} ){
          unshift( @tmargs, $self->{XSOPT} );
      }
  
      if ($Is{VMS}                          &&
          $Config{'ldflags'}               &&
          $Config{'ldflags'} =~ m!/Debug!i &&
          (!exists($self->{XSOPT}) || $self->{XSOPT} !~ /linenumbers/)
         )
      {
          unshift(@tmargs,'-nolinenumbers');
      }
  
  
      $self->{XSPROTOARG} = "" unless defined $self->{XSPROTOARG};
      my $xsdirdep = $self->quote_dep($xsdir);
      # -dep for use when dependency not command
  
      return qq{
  XSUBPPDIR = $xsdir
  XSUBPP = "\$(XSUBPPDIR)\$(DFSEP)xsubpp"
  XSUBPPRUN = \$(PERLRUN) \$(XSUBPP)
  XSPROTOARG = $self->{XSPROTOARG}
  XSUBPPDEPS = @tmdeps $xsdirdep\$(DFSEP)xsubpp
  XSUBPPARGS = @tmargs
  XSUBPP_EXTRA_ARGS =
  };
  }
  
  
  =item all_target
  
  Build man pages, too
  
  =cut
  
  sub all_target {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_EXT';
  all :: pure_all manifypods
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  MAKE_EXT
  }
  
  =item top_targets (o)
  
  Defines the targets all, subdirs, config, and O_FILES
  
  =cut
  
  sub top_targets {
  # --- Target Sections ---
  
      my($self) = shift;
      my(@m);
  
      push @m, $self->all_target, "\n" unless $self->{SKIPHASH}{'all'};
  
      push @m, sprintf <<'EOF';
  pure_all :: config pm_to_blib subdirs linkext
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  subdirs :: $(MYEXTLIB)
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  config :: $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) blibdirs
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  EOF
  
      push @m, '
  $(O_FILES) : $(H_FILES)
  ' if @{$self->{O_FILES} || []} && @{$self->{H} || []};
  
      push @m, q{
  help :
  	perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  };
  
      join('',@m);
  }
  
  =item writedoc
  
  Obsolete, deprecated method. Not used since Version 5.21.
  
  =cut
  
  sub writedoc {
  # --- perllocal.pod section ---
      my($self,$what,$name,@attribs)=@_;
      my $time = gmtime($ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} || time);
      print "=head2 $time: $what C<$name>\n\n=over 4\n\n=item *\n\n";
      print join "\n\n=item *\n\n", map("C<$_>",@attribs);
      print "\n\n=back\n\n";
  }
  
  =item xs_c (o)
  
  Defines the suffix rules to compile XS files to C.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_c {
      my($self) = shift;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      '
  .xs.c:
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $(XSUBPP_EXTRA_ARGS) $*.xs > $*.xsc
  	$(MV) $*.xsc $*.c
  ';
  }
  
  =item xs_cpp (o)
  
  Defines the suffix rules to compile XS files to C++.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_cpp {
      my($self) = shift;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      '
  .xs.cpp:
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $*.xs > $*.xsc
  	$(MV) $*.xsc $*.cpp
  ';
  }
  
  =item xs_o (o)
  
  Defines suffix rules to go from XS to object files directly. This was
  originally only intended for broken make implementations, but is now
  necessary for per-XS file under C<XSMULTI>, since each XS file might
  have an individual C<$(VERSION)>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_o {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      my $m_o = $self->{XSMULTI} ? $self->xs_obj_opt('$*$(OBJ_EXT)') : '';
      my $frag = '';
      # dmake makes noise about ambiguous rule
      $frag .= sprintf <<'EOF', $m_o unless $self->is_make_type('dmake');
  .xs$(OBJ_EXT) :
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $*.xs > $*.xsc
  	$(MV) $*.xsc $*.c
  	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) "-I$(PERL_INC)" $(PASTHRU_DEFINE) $(DEFINE) $*.c %s
  EOF
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
  	for my $ext ($self->_xs_list_basenames) {
  	    my $pmfile = "$ext.pm";
  	    croak "$ext.xs has no matching $pmfile: $!" unless -f $pmfile;
  	    my $version = $self->parse_version($pmfile);
  	    my $cccmd = $self->{CONST_CCCMD};
  	    $cccmd =~ s/^\s*CCCMD\s*=\s*//;
  	    $cccmd =~ s/\$\(DEFINE_VERSION\)/-DVERSION=\\"$version\\"/;
  	    $cccmd =~ s/\$\(XS_DEFINE_VERSION\)/-DXS_VERSION=\\"$version\\"/;
              $self->_xsbuild_replace_macro($cccmd, 'xs', $ext, 'INC');
              my $define = '$(DEFINE)';
              $self->_xsbuild_replace_macro($define, 'xs', $ext, 'DEFINE');
              #                             1     2       3     4
              $frag .= _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $ext, $cccmd, $m_o, $define;
  
  %1$s$(OBJ_EXT): %1$s.xs
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $*.xs > $*.xsc
  	$(MV) $*.xsc $*.c
  	%2$s $(CCCDLFLAGS) "-I$(PERL_INC)" $(PASTHRU_DEFINE) %4$s $*.c %3$s
  EOF
  	}
      }
      $frag;
  }
  
  # param gets modified
  sub _xsbuild_replace_macro {
      my ($self, undef, $xstype, $ext, $varname) = @_;
      my $value = $self->_xsbuild_value($xstype, $ext, $varname);
      return unless defined $value;
      $_[1] =~ s/\$\($varname\)/$value/;
  }
  
  sub _xsbuild_value {
      my ($self, $xstype, $ext, $varname) = @_;
      return $self->{XSBUILD}{$xstype}{$ext}{$varname}
          if $self->{XSBUILD}{$xstype}{$ext}{$varname};
      return $self->{XSBUILD}{$xstype}{all}{$varname}
          if $self->{XSBUILD}{$xstype}{all}{$varname};
      ();
  }
  
  1;
  
  =back
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
  __END__
EXTUTILS_MM_UNIX

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_VMS.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_VMS';
  package ExtUtils::MM_VMS;
  
  use strict;
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  require Exporter;
  
  BEGIN {
      # so we can compile the thing on non-VMS platforms.
      if( $^O eq 'VMS' ) {
          require VMS::Filespec;
          VMS::Filespec->import;
      }
  }
  
  use File::Basename;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::MM_Unix );
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw($Verbose neatvalue _sprintf562);
  our $Revision = $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Revision;
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    Do not use this directly.
    Instead, use ExtUtils::MM and it will figure out which MM_*
    class to use for you.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided
  there. This package overrides the implementation of these methods, not
  the semantics.
  
  =head2 Methods always loaded
  
  =over 4
  
  =item wraplist
  
  Converts a list into a string wrapped at approximately 80 columns.
  
  =cut
  
  sub wraplist {
      my($self) = shift;
      my($line,$hlen) = ('',0);
  
      foreach my $word (@_) {
        # Perl bug -- seems to occasionally insert extra elements when
        # traversing array (scalar(@array) doesn't show them, but
        # foreach(@array) does) (5.00307)
        next unless $word =~ /\w/;
        $line .= ' ' if length($line);
        if ($hlen > 80) { $line .= "\\\n\t"; $hlen = 0; }
        $line .= $word;
        $hlen += length($word) + 2;
      }
      $line;
  }
  
  
  # This isn't really an override.  It's just here because ExtUtils::MM_VMS
  # appears in @MM::ISA before ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid, so if there isn't an ext()
  # in MM_VMS, then AUTOLOAD is called, and bad things happen.  So, we just
  # mimic inheritance here and hand off to ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid.
  # XXX This hackery will die soon. --Schwern
  sub ext {
      require ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid;
      goto &ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid::ext;
  }
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Methods
  
  Those methods which override default MM_Unix methods are marked
  "(override)", while methods unique to MM_VMS are marked "(specific)".
  For overridden methods, documentation is limited to an explanation
  of why this method overrides the MM_Unix method; see the ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  documentation for more details.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item guess_name (override)
  
  Try to determine name of extension being built.  We begin with the name
  of the current directory.  Since VMS filenames are case-insensitive,
  however, we look for a F<.pm> file whose name matches that of the current
  directory (presumably the 'main' F<.pm> file for this extension), and try
  to find a C<package> statement from which to obtain the Mixed::Case
  package name.
  
  =cut
  
  sub guess_name {
      my($self) = @_;
      my($defname,$defpm,@pm,%xs);
      local *PM;
  
      $defname = basename(fileify($ENV{'DEFAULT'}));
      $defname =~ s![\d\-_]*\.dir.*$!!;  # Clip off .dir;1 suffix, and package version
      $defpm = $defname;
      # Fallback in case for some reason a user has copied the files for an
      # extension into a working directory whose name doesn't reflect the
      # extension's name.  We'll use the name of a unique .pm file, or the
      # first .pm file with a matching .xs file.
      if (not -e "${defpm}.pm") {
        @pm = glob('*.pm');
        s/.pm$// for @pm;
        if (@pm == 1) { ($defpm = $pm[0]) =~ s/.pm$//; }
        elsif (@pm) {
          %xs = map { s/.xs$//; ($_,1) } glob('*.xs');  ## no critic
          if (keys %xs) {
              foreach my $pm (@pm) {
                  $defpm = $pm, last if exists $xs{$pm};
              }
          }
        }
      }
      if (open(my $pm, '<', "${defpm}.pm")){
          while (<$pm>) {
              if (/^\s*package\s+([^;]+)/i) {
                  $defname = $1;
                  last;
              }
          }
          print "Warning (non-fatal): Couldn't find package name in ${defpm}.pm;\n\t",
                       "defaulting package name to $defname\n"
              if eof($pm);
          close $pm;
      }
      else {
          print "Warning (non-fatal): Couldn't find ${defpm}.pm;\n\t",
                       "defaulting package name to $defname\n";
      }
      $defname =~ s#[\d.\-_]+$##;
      $defname;
  }
  
  =item find_perl (override)
  
  Use VMS file specification syntax and CLI commands to find and
  invoke Perl images.
  
  =cut
  
  sub find_perl {
      my($self, $ver, $names, $dirs, $trace) = @_;
      my($vmsfile,@sdirs,@snames,@cand);
      my($rslt);
      my($inabs) = 0;
      local *TCF;
  
      if( $self->{PERL_CORE} ) {
          # Check in relative directories first, so we pick up the current
          # version of Perl if we're running MakeMaker as part of the main build.
          @sdirs = sort { my($absa) = $self->file_name_is_absolute($a);
                          my($absb) = $self->file_name_is_absolute($b);
                          if ($absa && $absb) { return $a cmp $b }
                          else { return $absa ? 1 : ($absb ? -1 : ($a cmp $b)); }
                        } @$dirs;
          # Check miniperl before perl, and check names likely to contain
          # version numbers before "generic" names, so we pick up an
          # executable that's less likely to be from an old installation.
          @snames = sort { my($ba) = $a =~ m!([^:>\]/]+)$!;  # basename
                           my($bb) = $b =~ m!([^:>\]/]+)$!;
                           my($ahasdir) = (length($a) - length($ba) > 0);
                           my($bhasdir) = (length($b) - length($bb) > 0);
                           if    ($ahasdir and not $bhasdir) { return 1; }
                           elsif ($bhasdir and not $ahasdir) { return -1; }
                           else { $bb =~ /\d/ <=> $ba =~ /\d/
                                    or substr($ba,0,1) cmp substr($bb,0,1)
                                    or length($bb) <=> length($ba) } } @$names;
      }
      else {
          @sdirs  = @$dirs;
          @snames = @$names;
      }
  
      # Image names containing Perl version use '_' instead of '.' under VMS
      s/\.(\d+)$/_$1/ for @snames;
      if ($trace >= 2){
          print "Looking for perl $ver by these names:\n";
          print "\t@snames,\n";
          print "in these dirs:\n";
          print "\t@sdirs\n";
      }
      foreach my $dir (@sdirs){
          next unless defined $dir; # $self->{PERL_SRC} may be undefined
          $inabs++ if $self->file_name_is_absolute($dir);
          if ($inabs == 1) {
              # We've covered relative dirs; everything else is an absolute
              # dir (probably an installed location).  First, we'll try
              # potential command names, to see whether we can avoid a long
              # MCR expression.
              foreach my $name (@snames) {
                  push(@cand,$name) if $name =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/;
              }
              $inabs++; # Should happen above in next $dir, but just in case...
          }
          foreach my $name (@snames){
              push @cand, ($name !~ m![/:>\]]!) ? $self->catfile($dir,$name)
                                                : $self->fixpath($name,0);
          }
      }
      foreach my $name (@cand) {
          print "Checking $name\n" if $trace >= 2;
          # If it looks like a potential command, try it without the MCR
          if ($name =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/) {
              open(my $tcf, ">", "temp_mmvms.com")
                  or die('unable to open temp file');
              print $tcf "\$ set message/nofacil/nosever/noident/notext\n";
              print $tcf "\$ $name -e \"require $ver; print \"\"VER_OK\\n\"\"\"\n";
              close $tcf;
              $rslt = `\@temp_mmvms.com` ;
              unlink('temp_mmvms.com');
              if ($rslt =~ /VER_OK/) {
                  print "Using PERL=$name\n" if $trace;
                  return $name;
              }
          }
          next unless $vmsfile = $self->maybe_command($name);
          $vmsfile =~ s/;[\d\-]*$//;  # Clip off version number; we can use a newer version as well
          print "Executing $vmsfile\n" if ($trace >= 2);
          open(my $tcf, '>', "temp_mmvms.com")
                  or die('unable to open temp file');
          print $tcf "\$ set message/nofacil/nosever/noident/notext\n";
          print $tcf "\$ mcr $vmsfile -e \"require $ver; print \"\"VER_OK\\n\"\"\" \n";
          close $tcf;
          $rslt = `\@temp_mmvms.com`;
          unlink('temp_mmvms.com');
          if ($rslt =~ /VER_OK/) {
              print "Using PERL=MCR $vmsfile\n" if $trace;
              return "MCR $vmsfile";
          }
      }
      print "Unable to find a perl $ver (by these names: @$names, in these dirs: @$dirs)\n";
      0; # false and not empty
  }
  
  =item _fixin_replace_shebang (override)
  
  Helper routine for MM->fixin(), overridden because there's no such thing as an
  actual shebang line that will be interpreted by the shell, so we just prepend
  $Config{startperl} and preserve the shebang line argument for any switches it
  may contain.
  
  =cut
  
  sub _fixin_replace_shebang {
      my ( $self, $file, $line ) = @_;
  
      my ( undef, $arg ) = split ' ', $line, 2;
  
      return $Config{startperl} . "\n" . $Config{sharpbang} . "perl $arg\n";
  }
  
  =item maybe_command (override)
  
  Follows VMS naming conventions for executable files.
  If the name passed in doesn't exactly match an executable file,
  appends F<.Exe> (or equivalent) to check for executable image, and F<.Com>
  to check for DCL procedure.  If this fails, checks directories in DCL$PATH
  and finally F<Sys$System:> for an executable file having the name specified,
  with or without the F<.Exe>-equivalent suffix.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maybe_command {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      return $file if -x $file && ! -d _;
      my(@dirs) = ('');
      my(@exts) = ('',$Config{'exe_ext'},'.exe','.com');
  
      if ($file !~ m![/:>\]]!) {
          for (my $i = 0; defined $ENV{"DCL\$PATH;$i"}; $i++) {
              my $dir = $ENV{"DCL\$PATH;$i"};
              $dir .= ':' unless $dir =~ m%[\]:]$%;
              push(@dirs,$dir);
          }
          push(@dirs,'Sys$System:');
          foreach my $dir (@dirs) {
              my $sysfile = "$dir$file";
              foreach my $ext (@exts) {
                  return $file if -x "$sysfile$ext" && ! -d _;
              }
          }
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  =item pasthru (override)
  
  The list of macro definitions to be passed through must be specified using
  the /MACRO qualifier and must not add another /DEFINE qualifier.  We prepend
  our own comma here to the contents of $(PASTHRU_DEFINE) because it is often
  empty and a comma always present in CCFLAGS would generate a missing
  qualifier value error.
  
  =cut
  
  sub pasthru {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $pasthru = $self->SUPER::pasthru;
      $pasthru =~ s|(PASTHRU\s*=\s*)|$1/MACRO=(|;
      $pasthru =~ s|\n\z|)\n|m;
      $pasthru =~ s|/defi?n?e?=\(?([^\),]+)\)?|,$1|ig;
  
      return $pasthru;
  }
  
  
  =item pm_to_blib (override)
  
  VMS wants a dot in every file so we can't have one called 'pm_to_blib',
  it becomes 'pm_to_blib.' and MMS/K isn't smart enough to know that when
  you have a target called 'pm_to_blib' it should look for 'pm_to_blib.'.
  
  So in VMS its pm_to_blib.ts.
  
  =cut
  
  sub pm_to_blib {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $make = $self->SUPER::pm_to_blib;
  
      $make =~ s{^pm_to_blib :}{pm_to_blib.ts :}m;
      $make =~ s{\$\(TOUCH\) pm_to_blib}{\$(TOUCH) pm_to_blib.ts};
  
      $make = <<'MAKE' . $make;
  # Dummy target to match Unix target name; we use pm_to_blib.ts as
  # timestamp file to avoid repeated invocations under VMS
  pm_to_blib : pm_to_blib.ts
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  MAKE
  
      return $make;
  }
  
  
  =item perl_script (override)
  
  If name passed in doesn't specify a readable file, appends F<.com> or
  F<.pl> and tries again, since it's customary to have file types on all files
  under VMS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub perl_script {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      return $file if -r $file && ! -d _;
      return "$file.com" if -r "$file.com";
      return "$file.pl" if -r "$file.pl";
      return '';
  }
  
  
  =item replace_manpage_separator
  
  Use as separator a character which is legal in a VMS-syntax file name.
  
  =cut
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self,$man) = @_;
      $man = unixify($man);
      $man =~ s#/+#__#g;
      $man;
  }
  
  =item init_DEST
  
  (override) Because of the difficulty concatenating VMS filepaths we
  must pre-expand the DEST* variables.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_DEST {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->SUPER::init_DEST;
  
      # Expand DEST variables.
      foreach my $var ($self->installvars) {
          my $destvar = 'DESTINSTALL'.$var;
          $self->{$destvar} = $self->eliminate_macros($self->{$destvar});
      }
  }
  
  
  =item init_DIRFILESEP
  
  No separator between a directory path and a filename on VMS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_DIRFILESEP {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{DIRFILESEP} = '';
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  =item init_main (override)
  
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_main {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->SUPER::init_main;
  
      $self->{DEFINE} ||= '';
      if ($self->{DEFINE} ne '') {
          my(@terms) = split(/\s+/,$self->{DEFINE});
          my(@defs,@udefs);
          foreach my $def (@terms) {
              next unless $def;
              my $targ = \@defs;
              if ($def =~ s/^-([DU])//) {    # If it was a Unix-style definition
                  $targ = \@udefs if $1 eq 'U';
                  $def =~ s/='(.*)'$/=$1/;  # then remove shell-protection ''
                  $def =~ s/^'(.*)'$/$1/;   # from entire term or argument
              }
              if ($def =~ /=/) {
                  $def =~ s/"/""/g;  # Protect existing " from DCL
                  $def = qq["$def"]; # and quote to prevent parsing of =
              }
              push @$targ, $def;
          }
  
          $self->{DEFINE} = '';
          if (@defs)  {
              $self->{DEFINE}  = '/Define=(' . join(',',@defs)  . ')';
          }
          if (@udefs) {
              $self->{DEFINE} .= '/Undef=('  . join(',',@udefs) . ')';
          }
      }
  }
  
  =item init_tools (override)
  
  Provide VMS-specific forms of various utility commands.
  
  Sets DEV_NULL to nothing because I don't know how to do it on VMS.
  
  Changes EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP to set revision date of target file to
  one second later than source file, since MMK interprets precisely
  equal revision dates for a source and target file as a sign that the
  target needs to be updated.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_tools {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      $self->{NOOP}               = 'Continue';
      $self->{NOECHO}             ||= '@ ';
  
      $self->{MAKEFILE}           ||= $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE} || 'Descrip.MMS';
      $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE}     ||= $self->{MAKEFILE};
      $self->{MAKE_APERL_FILE}    ||= 'Makeaperl.MMS';
      $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}       ||= $self->eliminate_macros('$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old');
  #
  #   If an extension is not specified, then MMS/MMK assumes an
  #   an extension of .MMS.  If there really is no extension,
  #   then a trailing "." needs to be appended to specify a
  #   a null extension.
  #
      $self->{MAKEFILE} .= '.' unless $self->{MAKEFILE} =~ m/\./;
      $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE} .= '.' unless $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE} =~ m/\./;
      $self->{MAKE_APERL_FILE} .= '.' unless $self->{MAKE_APERL_FILE} =~ m/\./;
      $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD} .= '.' unless $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD} =~ m/\./;
  
      $self->{MACROSTART}         ||= '/Macro=(';
      $self->{MACROEND}           ||= ')';
      $self->{USEMAKEFILE}        ||= '/Descrip=';
  
      $self->{EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP} ||= '$(ABSPERLRUN) -we "open F,qq{>>$ARGV[1]};close F;utime(0,(stat($ARGV[0]))[9]+1,$ARGV[1])"';
  
      $self->{MOD_INSTALL} ||=
        $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-MExtUtils::Install']);
  install([ from_to => {split('\|', <STDIN>)}, verbose => '$(VERBINST)', uninstall_shadows => '$(UNINST)', dir_mode => '$(PERM_DIR)' ]);
  CODE
  
      $self->{UMASK_NULL} = '! ';
  
      $self->SUPER::init_tools;
  
      # Use the default shell
      $self->{SHELL}    ||= 'Posix';
  
      # Redirection on VMS goes before the command, not after as on Unix.
      # $(DEV_NULL) is used once and its not worth going nuts over making
      # it work.  However, Unix's DEV_NULL is quite wrong for VMS.
      $self->{DEV_NULL}   = '';
  
      return;
  }
  
  =item init_platform (override)
  
  Add PERL_VMS, MM_VMS_REVISION and MM_VMS_VERSION.
  
  MM_VMS_REVISION is for backwards compatibility before MM_VMS had a
  $VERSION.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_platform {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{MM_VMS_REVISION} = $Revision;
      $self->{MM_VMS_VERSION}  = $VERSION;
      $self->{PERL_VMS} = $self->catdir($self->{PERL_SRC}, 'VMS')
        if $self->{PERL_SRC};
  }
  
  
  =item platform_constants
  
  =cut
  
  sub platform_constants {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $make_frag = '';
  
      foreach my $macro (qw(PERL_VMS MM_VMS_REVISION MM_VMS_VERSION))
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          $make_frag .= "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
      }
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  
  =item init_VERSION (override)
  
  Override the *DEFINE_VERSION macros with VMS semantics.  Translate the
  MAKEMAKER filepath to VMS style.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_VERSION {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->SUPER::init_VERSION;
  
      $self->{DEFINE_VERSION}    = '"$(VERSION_MACRO)=""$(VERSION)"""';
      $self->{XS_DEFINE_VERSION} = '"$(XS_VERSION_MACRO)=""$(XS_VERSION)"""';
      $self->{MAKEMAKER} = vmsify($INC{'ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm'});
  }
  
  
  =item constants (override)
  
  Fixes up numerous file and directory macros to insure VMS syntax
  regardless of input syntax.  Also makes lists of files
  comma-separated.
  
  =cut
  
  sub constants {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      # Be kind about case for pollution
      for (@ARGV) { $_ = uc($_) if /POLLUTE/i; }
  
      # Cleanup paths for directories in MMS macros.
      foreach my $macro ( qw [
              INST_BIN INST_SCRIPT INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB
              PERL_LIB PERL_ARCHLIB
              PERL_INC PERL_SRC ],
                          (map { 'INSTALL'.$_ } $self->installvars)
                        )
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          next if $macro =~ /MAN/ && $self->{$macro} eq 'none';
          $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},1);
      }
  
      # Cleanup paths for files in MMS macros.
      foreach my $macro ( qw[LIBPERL_A FIRST_MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD
                             MAKE_APERL_FILE MYEXTLIB] )
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},0);
      }
  
      # Fixup files for MMS macros
      # XXX is this list complete?
      for my $macro (qw/
                     FULLEXT VERSION_FROM
  	      /	) {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},0);
      }
  
  
      for my $macro (qw/
                     OBJECT LDFROM
  	      /	) {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
  
          # Must expand macros before splitting on unescaped whitespace.
          $self->{$macro} = $self->eliminate_macros($self->{$macro});
          if ($self->{$macro} =~ /(?<!\^)\s/) {
              $self->{$macro} =~ s/(\\)?\n+\s+/ /g;
              $self->{$macro} = $self->wraplist(
                  map $self->fixpath($_,0), split /,?(?<!\^)\s+/, $self->{$macro}
              );
          }
          else {
              $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},0);
          }
      }
  
      for my $macro (qw/ XS MAN1PODS MAN3PODS PM /) {
          # Where is the space coming from? --jhi
          next unless $self ne " " && defined $self->{$macro};
          my %tmp = ();
          for my $key (keys %{$self->{$macro}}) {
              $tmp{$self->fixpath($key,0)} =
                                       $self->fixpath($self->{$macro}{$key},0);
          }
          $self->{$macro} = \%tmp;
      }
  
      for my $macro (qw/ C O_FILES H /) {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          my @tmp = ();
          for my $val (@{$self->{$macro}}) {
              push(@tmp,$self->fixpath($val,0));
          }
          $self->{$macro} = \@tmp;
      }
  
      # mms/k does not define a $(MAKE) macro.
      $self->{MAKE} = '$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS)';
  
      return $self->SUPER::constants;
  }
  
  
  =item special_targets
  
  Clear the default .SUFFIXES and put in our own list.
  
  =cut
  
  sub special_targets {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $make_frag .= <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  .SUFFIXES :
  .SUFFIXES : $(OBJ_EXT) .c .cpp .cxx .xs
  
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  =item cflags (override)
  
  Bypass shell script and produce qualifiers for CC directly (but warn
  user if a shell script for this extension exists).  Fold multiple
  /Defines into one, since some C compilers pay attention to only one
  instance of this qualifier on the command line.
  
  =cut
  
  sub cflags {
      my($self,$libperl) = @_;
      my($quals) = $self->{CCFLAGS} || $Config{'ccflags'};
      my($definestr,$undefstr,$flagoptstr) = ('','','');
      my($incstr) = '/Include=($(PERL_INC)';
      my($name,$sys,@m);
  
      ( $name = $self->{NAME} . "_cflags" ) =~ s/:/_/g ;
      print "Unix shell script ".$Config{"$self->{'BASEEXT'}_cflags"}.
           " required to modify CC command for $self->{'BASEEXT'}\n"
      if ($Config{$name});
  
      if ($quals =~ / -[DIUOg]/) {
  	while ($quals =~ / -([Og])(\d*)\b/) {
  	    my($type,$lvl) = ($1,$2);
  	    $quals =~ s/ -$type$lvl\b\s*//;
  	    if ($type eq 'g') { $flagoptstr = '/NoOptimize'; }
  	    else { $flagoptstr = '/Optimize' . (defined($lvl) ? "=$lvl" : ''); }
  	}
  	while ($quals =~ / -([DIU])(\S+)/) {
  	    my($type,$def) = ($1,$2);
  	    $quals =~ s/ -$type$def\s*//;
  	    $def =~ s/"/""/g;
  	    if    ($type eq 'D') { $definestr .= qq["$def",]; }
  	    elsif ($type eq 'I') { $incstr .= ',' . $self->fixpath($def,1); }
  	    else                 { $undefstr  .= qq["$def",]; }
  	}
      }
      if (length $quals and $quals !~ m!/!) {
  	warn "MM_VMS: Ignoring unrecognized CCFLAGS elements \"$quals\"\n";
  	$quals = '';
      }
      $definestr .= q["PERL_POLLUTE",] if $self->{POLLUTE};
      if (length $definestr) { chop($definestr); $quals .= "/Define=($definestr)"; }
      if (length $undefstr)  { chop($undefstr);  $quals .= "/Undef=($undefstr)";   }
      # Deal with $self->{DEFINE} here since some C compilers pay attention
      # to only one /Define clause on command line, so we have to
      # conflate the ones from $Config{'ccflags'} and $self->{DEFINE}
      # ($self->{DEFINE} has already been VMSified in constants() above)
      if ($self->{DEFINE}) { $quals .= $self->{DEFINE}; }
      for my $type (qw(Def Undef)) {
  	my(@terms);
  	while ($quals =~ m:/${type}i?n?e?=([^/]+):ig) {
  		my $term = $1;
  		$term =~ s:^\((.+)\)$:$1:;
  		push @terms, $term;
  	}
  	if ($type eq 'Def') {
  	    push @terms, qw[ $(DEFINE_VERSION) $(XS_DEFINE_VERSION) ];
  	}
  	if (@terms) {
  	    $quals =~ s:/${type}i?n?e?=[^/]+::ig;
              # PASTHRU_DEFINE will have its own comma
  	    $quals .= "/${type}ine=(" . join(',',@terms) . ($type eq 'Def' ? '$(PASTHRU_DEFINE)' : '') . ')';
  	}
      }
  
      $libperl or $libperl = $self->{LIBPERL_A} || "libperl.olb";
  
      # Likewise with $self->{INC} and /Include
      if ($self->{'INC'}) {
  	my(@includes) = split(/\s+/,$self->{INC});
  	foreach (@includes) {
  	    s/^-I//;
  	    $incstr .= ','.$self->fixpath($_,1);
  	}
      }
      $quals .= "$incstr)";
  #    $quals =~ s/,,/,/g; $quals =~ s/\(,/(/g;
      $self->{CCFLAGS} = $quals;
  
      $self->{PERLTYPE} ||= '';
  
      $self->{OPTIMIZE} ||= $flagoptstr || $Config{'optimize'};
      if ($self->{OPTIMIZE} !~ m!/!) {
  	if    ($self->{OPTIMIZE} =~ m!-g!) { $self->{OPTIMIZE} = '/Debug/NoOptimize' }
  	elsif ($self->{OPTIMIZE} =~ /-O(\d*)/) {
  	    $self->{OPTIMIZE} = '/Optimize' . (defined($1) ? "=$1" : '');
  	}
  	else {
  	    warn "MM_VMS: Can't parse OPTIMIZE \"$self->{OPTIMIZE}\"; using default\n" if length $self->{OPTIMIZE};
  	    $self->{OPTIMIZE} = '/Optimize';
  	}
      }
  
      return $self->{CFLAGS} = qq{
  CCFLAGS = $self->{CCFLAGS}
  OPTIMIZE = $self->{OPTIMIZE}
  PERLTYPE = $self->{PERLTYPE}
  };
  }
  
  =item const_cccmd (override)
  
  Adds directives to point C preprocessor to the right place when
  handling #include E<lt>sys/foo.hE<gt> directives.  Also constructs CC
  command line a bit differently than MM_Unix method.
  
  =cut
  
  sub const_cccmd {
      my($self,$libperl) = @_;
      my(@m);
  
      return $self->{CONST_CCCMD} if $self->{CONST_CCCMD};
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      if ($Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'gcc') {
          push @m,'
  .FIRST
  	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog SYS GNU_CC_Include:[VMS]';
      }
      elsif ($Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'vaxc') {
          push @m,'
  .FIRST
  	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("VAXC$Include").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog SYS Sys$Library
  	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("VAXC$Include").nes."" Then Define/NoLog SYS VAXC$Include';
      }
      else {
          push @m,'
  .FIRST
  	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("DECC$System_Include").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog SYS ',
  		($Config{'archname'} eq 'VMS_AXP' ? 'Sys$Library' : 'DECC$Library_Include'),'
  	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("DECC$System_Include").nes."" Then Define/NoLog SYS DECC$System_Include';
      }
  
      push(@m, "\n\nCCCMD = $Config{'cc'} \$(CCFLAGS)\$(OPTIMIZE)\n");
  
      $self->{CONST_CCCMD} = join('',@m);
  }
  
  
  =item tools_other (override)
  
  Throw in some dubious extra macros for Makefile args.
  
  Also keep around the old $(SAY) macro in case somebody's using it.
  
  =cut
  
  sub tools_other {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      # XXX Are these necessary?  Does anyone override them?  They're longer
      # than just typing the literal string.
      my $extra_tools = <<'EXTRA_TOOLS';
  
  # Just in case anyone is using the old macro.
  USEMACROS = $(MACROSTART)
  SAY = $(ECHO)
  
  EXTRA_TOOLS
  
      return $self->SUPER::tools_other . $extra_tools;
  }
  
  =item init_dist (override)
  
  VMSish defaults for some values.
  
    macro         description                     default
  
    ZIPFLAGS      flags to pass to ZIP            -Vu
  
    COMPRESS      compression command to          gzip
                  use for tarfiles
    SUFFIX        suffix to put on                -gz
                  compressed files
  
    SHAR          shar command to use             vms_share
  
    DIST_DEFAULT  default target to use to        tardist
                  create a distribution
  
    DISTVNAME     Use VERSION_SYM instead of      $(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION_SYM)
                  VERSION for the name
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_dist {
      my($self) = @_;
      $self->{ZIPFLAGS}     ||= '-Vu';
      $self->{COMPRESS}     ||= 'gzip';
      $self->{SUFFIX}       ||= '-gz';
      $self->{SHAR}         ||= 'vms_share';
      $self->{DIST_DEFAULT} ||= 'zipdist';
  
      $self->SUPER::init_dist;
  
      $self->{DISTVNAME} = "$self->{DISTNAME}-$self->{VERSION_SYM}"
        unless $self->{ARGS}{DISTVNAME};
  
      return;
  }
  
  =item c_o (override)
  
  Use VMS syntax on command line.  In particular, $(DEFINE) and
  $(PERL_INC) have been pulled into $(CCCMD).  Also use MM[SK] macros.
  
  =cut
  
  sub c_o {
      my($self) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      '
  .c$(OBJ_EXT) :
  	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c /OBJECT=$(MMS$TARGET_NAME)$(OBJ_EXT)
  
  .cpp$(OBJ_EXT) :
  	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).cpp /OBJECT=$(MMS$TARGET_NAME)$(OBJ_EXT)
  
  .cxx$(OBJ_EXT) :
  	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).cxx /OBJECT=$(MMS$TARGET_NAME)$(OBJ_EXT)
  
  ';
  }
  
  =item xs_c (override)
  
  Use MM[SK] macros.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_c {
      my($self) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      '
  .xs.c :
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xs >$(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xsc
  	$(MV) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xsc $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c
  ';
  }
  
  =item xs_o (override)
  
  Use MM[SK] macros, and VMS command line for C compiler.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_o {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
      my $frag = '
  .xs$(OBJ_EXT) :
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xs >$(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xsc
  	$(MV) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xsc $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c
  	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c /OBJECT=$(MMS$TARGET_NAME)$(OBJ_EXT)
  ';
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
  	for my $ext ($self->_xs_list_basenames) {
  	    my $version = $self->parse_version("$ext.pm");
  	    my $ccflags = $self->{CCFLAGS};
  	    $ccflags =~ s/\$\(DEFINE_VERSION\)/\"VERSION_MACRO=\\"\"$version\\"\"/;
  	    $ccflags =~ s/\$\(XS_DEFINE_VERSION\)/\"XS_VERSION_MACRO=\\"\"$version\\"\"/;
  	    $self->_xsbuild_replace_macro($ccflags, 'xs', $ext, 'INC');
  	    $self->_xsbuild_replace_macro($ccflags, 'xs', $ext, 'DEFINE');
  
  	    $frag .= _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $ext, $ccflags;
  
  %1$s$(OBJ_EXT) : %1$s.xs
  	$(XSUBPPRUN) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xs > $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xsc
  	$(MV) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xsc $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c
  	$(CC)%2$s$(OPTIMIZE) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c /OBJECT=$(MMS$TARGET_NAME)$(OBJ_EXT)
  EOF
  	}
      }
      $frag;
  }
  
  =item _xsbuild_replace_macro (override)
  
  There is no simple replacement possible since a qualifier and all its
  subqualifiers must be considered together, so we use our own utility
  routine for the replacement.
  
  =cut
  
  sub _xsbuild_replace_macro {
      my ($self, undef, $xstype, $ext, $varname) = @_;
      my $value = $self->_xsbuild_value($xstype, $ext, $varname);
      return unless defined $value;
      $_[1] = _vms_replace_qualifier($self, $_[1], $value, $varname);
  }
  
  =item _xsbuild_value (override)
  
  Convert the extension spec to Unix format, as that's what will
  match what's in the XSBUILD data structure.
  
  =cut
  
  sub _xsbuild_value {
      my ($self, $xstype, $ext, $varname) = @_;
      $ext = unixify($ext);
      return $self->SUPER::_xsbuild_value($xstype, $ext, $varname);
  }
  
  sub _vms_replace_qualifier {
      my ($self, $flags, $newflag, $macro) = @_;
      my $qual_type;
      my $type_suffix;
      my $quote_subquals = 0;
      my @subquals_new = split /\s+/, $newflag;
  
      if ($macro eq 'DEFINE') {
          $qual_type = 'Def';
          $type_suffix = 'ine';
          map { $_ =~ s/^-D// } @subquals_new;
          $quote_subquals = 1;
      }
      elsif ($macro eq 'INC') {
          $qual_type = 'Inc';
          $type_suffix = 'lude';
          map { $_ =~ s/^-I//; $_ = $self->fixpath($_) } @subquals_new;
      }
  
      my @subquals = ();
      while ($flags =~ m:/${qual_type}\S{0,4}=([^/]+):ig) {
          my $term = $1;
          $term =~ s/\"//g;
          $term =~ s:^\((.+)\)$:$1:;
          push @subquals, split /,/, $term;
      }
      for my $new (@subquals_new) {
          my ($sq_new, $sqval_new) = split /=/, $new;
          my $replaced_old = 0;
          for my $old (@subquals) {
              my ($sq, $sqval) = split /=/, $old;
              if ($sq_new eq $sq) {
                  $old = $sq_new;
                  $old .= '=' . $sqval_new if defined($sqval_new) and length($sqval_new);
                  $replaced_old = 1;
                  last;
              }
          }
          push @subquals, $new unless $replaced_old;
      }
  
      if (@subquals) {
          $flags =~ s:/${qual_type}\S{0,4}=[^/]+::ig;
          # add quotes if requested but not for unexpanded macros
          map { $_ = qq/"$_"/ if $_ !~ m/^\$\(/ } @subquals if $quote_subquals;
          $flags .= "/${qual_type}$type_suffix=(" . join(',',@subquals) . ')';
      }
  
      return $flags;
  }
  
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_ext {
      '.opt';
  }
  
  =item dlsyms (override)
  
  Create VMS linker options files specifying universal symbols for this
  extension's shareable image(s), and listing other shareable images or
  libraries to which it should be linked.
  
  =cut
  
  sub dlsyms {
      my ($self, %attribs) = @_;
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking;
      $self->xs_dlsyms_iterator;
  }
  
  sub xs_make_dlsyms {
      my ($self, $attribs, $target, $dep, $name, $dlbase, $funcs, $funclist, $imports, $vars, $extra) = @_;
      my @m;
      my $instloc;
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
  	my ($v, $d, $f) = File::Spec->splitpath($target);
  	my @d = File::Spec->splitdir($d);
  	shift @d if $d[0] eq 'lib';
  	$instloc = $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHLIB)', 'auto', @d, $f);
  	push @m,"\ndynamic :: $instloc\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n"
  	  unless $self->{SKIPHASH}{'dynamic'};
  	push @m,"\nstatic :: $instloc\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n"
  	  unless $self->{SKIPHASH}{'static'};
  	push @m, "\n", sprintf <<'EOF', $instloc, $target;
  %s : %s
  	$(CP) $(MMS$SOURCE) $(MMS$TARGET)
  EOF
      }
      else {
  	push @m,"\ndynamic :: \$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$self->{BASEEXT}.opt\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n"
  	  unless $self->{SKIPHASH}{'dynamic'};
  	push @m,"\nstatic :: \$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$self->{BASEEXT}.opt\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n"
  	  unless $self->{SKIPHASH}{'static'};
  	push @m, "\n", sprintf <<'EOF', $target;
  $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(BASEEXT).opt : %s
  	$(CP) $(MMS$SOURCE) $(MMS$TARGET)
  EOF
      }
      push @m,
       "\n$target : $dep\n\t",
       q!$(PERLRUN) -MExtUtils::Mksymlists -e "Mksymlists('NAME'=>'!, $name,
       q!', 'DLBASE' => '!,$dlbase,
       q!', 'DL_FUNCS' => !,neatvalue($funcs),
       q!, 'FUNCLIST' => !,neatvalue($funclist),
       q!, 'IMPORTS' => !,neatvalue($imports),
       q!, 'DL_VARS' => !, neatvalue($vars);
      push @m, $extra if defined $extra;
      push @m, qq!);"\n\t!;
      # Can't use dlbase as it's been through mod2fname.
      my $olb_base = basename($target, '.opt');
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
          # We've been passed everything but the kitchen sink -- and the location of the
          # static library we're using to build the dynamic library -- so concoct that
          # location from what we do have.
          my $olb_dir = $self->catdir(dirname($instloc), $olb_base);
          push @m, qq!\$(PERL) -e "print ""${olb_dir}${olb_base}\$(LIB_EXT)/Include=!;
          push @m, ($Config{d_vms_case_sensitive_symbols} ? uc($olb_base) : $olb_base);
          push @m, '\n' . $olb_dir . $olb_base . '$(LIB_EXT)/Library\n"";" >>$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";
      }
      else {
          push @m, qq!\$(PERL) -e "print ""\$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)${olb_base}\$(LIB_EXT)/Include=!;
          if ($self->{OBJECT} =~ /\bBASEEXT\b/ or
              $self->{OBJECT} =~ /\b$self->{BASEEXT}\b/i) {
              push @m, ($Config{d_vms_case_sensitive_symbols}
  	              ? uc($self->{BASEEXT}) :'$(BASEEXT)');
          }
          else {  # We don't have a "main" object file, so pull 'em all in
              # Upcase module names if linker is being case-sensitive
              my($upcase) = $Config{d_vms_case_sensitive_symbols};
              my(@omods) = split ' ', $self->eliminate_macros($self->{OBJECT});
              for (@omods) {
                  s/\.[^.]*$//;         # Trim off file type
                  s[\$\(\w+_EXT\)][];   # even as a macro
                  s/.*[:>\/\]]//;       # Trim off dir spec
                  $_ = uc if $upcase;
              };
              my(@lines);
              my $tmp = shift @omods;
              foreach my $elt (@omods) {
                  $tmp .= ",$elt";
                  if (length($tmp) > 80) { push @lines, $tmp;  $tmp = ''; }
              }
              push @lines, $tmp;
              push @m, '(', join( qq[, -\\n\\t"";" >>\$(MMS\$TARGET)\n\t\$(PERL) -e "print ""], @lines),')';
          }
          push @m, '\n$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)' . $olb_base . '$(LIB_EXT)/Library\n"";" >>$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";
      }
      if (length $self->{LDLOADLIBS}) {
          my($line) = '';
          foreach my $lib (split ' ', $self->{LDLOADLIBS}) {
              $lib =~ s%\$%\\\$%g;  # Escape '$' in VMS filespecs
              if (length($line) + length($lib) > 160) {
                  push @m, "\t\$(PERL) -e \"print qq{$line}\" >>\$(MMS\$TARGET)\n";
                  $line = $lib . '\n';
              }
              else { $line .= $lib . '\n'; }
          }
          push @m, "\t\$(PERL) -e \"print qq{$line}\" >>\$(MMS\$TARGET)\n" if $line;
      }
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  
  =item xs_obj_opt
  
  Override to fixup -o flags.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_obj_opt {
      my ($self, $output_file) = @_;
      "/OBJECT=$output_file";
  }
  
  =item dynamic_lib (override)
  
  Use VMS Link command.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dynamic_lib_macros {
      my ($self, $attribs) = @_;
      my $otherldflags = $attribs->{OTHERLDFLAGS} || "";
      my $inst_dynamic_dep = $attribs->{INST_DYNAMIC_DEP} || "";
      sprintf <<'EOF', $otherldflags, $inst_dynamic_dep;
  # This section creates the dynamically loadable objects from relevant
  # objects and possibly $(MYEXTLIB).
  OTHERLDFLAGS = %s
  INST_DYNAMIC_DEP = %s
  EOF
  }
  
  sub xs_make_dynamic_lib {
      my ($self, $attribs, $from, $to, $todir, $ldfrom, $exportlist) = @_;
      my $shr = $Config{'dbgprefix'} . 'PerlShr';
      $exportlist =~ s/.def$/.opt/;  # it's a linker options file
      #                    1    2       3            4     5
      _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $to, $todir, $exportlist, $shr, "$shr Sys\$Share:$shr.$Config{'dlext'}";
  %1$s : $(INST_STATIC) $(PERL_INC)perlshr_attr.opt %2$s$(DFSEP).exists %3$s $(PERL_ARCHIVE) $(INST_DYNAMIC_DEP)
  	If F$TrnLNm("%4$s").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog/User %5$s
  	Link $(LDFLAGS) /Shareable=$(MMS$TARGET)$(OTHERLDFLAGS) %3$s/Option,$(PERL_INC)perlshr_attr.opt/Option
  EOF
  }
  
  =item xs_make_static_lib (override)
  
  Use VMS commands to manipulate object library.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_make_static_lib {
      my ($self, $object, $to, $todir) = @_;
  
      my @objects;
      if ($self->{XSMULTI}) {
          # The extension name should be the main object file name minus file type.
          my $lib = $object;
          $lib =~ s/\$\(OBJ_EXT\)\z//;
          my $override = $self->_xsbuild_value('xs', $lib, 'OBJECT');
          $object = $override if defined $override;
          @objects = map { $self->fixpath($_,0) } split /(?<!\^)\s+/, $object;
      }
      else {
          push @objects, $object;
      }
  
      my @m;
      for my $obj (@objects) {
          push(@m, sprintf "\n%s : %s\$(DFSEP).exists", $obj, $todir);
      }
      push(@m, sprintf "\n\n%s : %s \$(MYEXTLIB)\n", $to, (join ' ', @objects));
  
      # If this extension has its own library (eg SDBM_File)
      # then copy that to $(INST_STATIC) and add $(OBJECT) into it.
      push(@m, "\t",'$(CP) $(MYEXTLIB) $(MMS$TARGET)',"\n") if $self->{MYEXTLIB};
  
      push(@m,"\t",'If F$Search("$(MMS$TARGET)").eqs."" Then Library/Object/Create $(MMS$TARGET)',"\n");
  
      # if there was a library to copy, then we can't use MMS$SOURCE_LIST,
      # 'cause it's a library and you can't stick them in other libraries.
      # In that case, we use $OBJECT instead and hope for the best
      if ($self->{MYEXTLIB}) {
          for my $obj (@objects) {
              push(@m,"\t",'Library/Object/Replace $(MMS$TARGET) ' . $obj,"\n");
          }
      }
      else {
        push(@m,"\t",'Library/Object/Replace $(MMS$TARGET) $(MMS$SOURCE_LIST)',"\n");
      }
  
      push @m, "\t\$(NOECHO) \$(PERL) -e 1 >\$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)extralibs.ld\n";
      foreach my $lib (split ' ', $self->{EXTRALIBS}) {
        push(@m,"\t",'$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print qq{',$lib,'\n}" >>$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)extralibs.ld',"\n");
      }
      join('',@m);
  }
  
  
  =item static_lib_pure_cmd (override)
  
  Use VMS commands to manipulate object library.
  
  =cut
  
  sub static_lib_pure_cmd {
      my ($self, $from) = @_;
  
      sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $from;
  	If F$Search("$(MMS$TARGET)").eqs."" Then Library/Object/Create $(MMS$TARGET)
  	Library/Object/Replace $(MMS$TARGET) %s
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  =item xs_static_lib_is_xs
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_static_lib_is_xs {
      return 1;
  }
  
  =item extra_clean_files
  
  Clean up some OS specific files.  Plus the temp file used to shorten
  a lot of commands.  And the name mangler database.
  
  =cut
  
  sub extra_clean_files {
      return qw(
                *.Map *.Dmp *.Lis *.cpp *.$(DLEXT) *.Opt $(BASEEXT).bso
                .MM_Tmp cxx_repository
               );
  }
  
  
  =item zipfile_target
  
  =item tarfile_target
  
  =item shdist_target
  
  Syntax for invoking shar, tar and zip differs from that for Unix.
  
  =cut
  
  sub zipfile_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  $(DISTVNAME).zip : distdir
  	$(PREOP)
  	$(ZIP) "$(ZIPFLAGS)" $(MMS$TARGET) [.$(DISTVNAME)...]*.*;
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(POSTOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  sub tarfile_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  $(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) : distdir
  	$(PREOP)
  	$(TO_UNIX)
  	$(TAR) "$(TARFLAGS)" $(DISTVNAME).tar [.$(DISTVNAME)...]
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(COMPRESS) $(DISTVNAME).tar
  	$(POSTOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  sub shdist_target {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
  shdist : distdir
  	$(PREOP)
  	$(SHAR) [.$(DISTVNAME)...]*.*; $(DISTVNAME).share
  	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
  	$(POSTOP)
  MAKE_FRAG
  }
  
  
  # --- Test and Installation Sections ---
  
  =item install (override)
  
  Work around DCL's 255 character limit several times,and use
  VMS-style command line quoting in a few cases.
  
  =cut
  
  sub install {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my(@m);
  
      push @m, q[
  install :: all pure_install doc_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  install_perl :: all pure_perl_install doc_perl_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  install_site :: all pure_site_install doc_site_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  install_vendor :: all pure_vendor_install doc_vendor_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  pure_install :: pure_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  doc_install :: doc_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  pure__install : pure_site_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site"
  
  doc__install : doc_site_install
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site"
  
  # This hack brought to you by DCL's 255-character command line limit
  pure_perl_install ::
  ];
      push @m,
  q[	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'read|'.File::Spec->catfile('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').'|'" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'write|'.File::Spec->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').'|'" >>.MM_tmp
  ] unless $self->{NO_PACKLIST};
  
      push @m,
  q[	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_LIB)|$(DESTINSTALLPRIVLIB)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_ARCHLIB)|$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_BIN)|$(DESTINSTALLBIN)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_SCRIPT)|$(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN1DIR) $(DESTINSTALLMAN1DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN3DIR)|$(DESTINSTALLMAN3DIR)" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) "].$self->catfile($self->{SITEARCHEXP},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q["
  
  # Likewise
  pure_site_install ::
  ];
      push @m,
  q[	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'read|'.File::Spec->catfile('$(SITEARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').'|'" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'write|'.File::Spec->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLSITEARCH)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').'|'" >>.MM_tmp
  ] unless $self->{NO_PACKLIST};
  
      push @m,
  q[	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_LIB)|$(DESTINSTALLSITELIB)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_ARCHLIB)|$(DESTINSTALLSITEARCH)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_BIN)|$(DESTINSTALLSITEBIN)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_SCRIPT)|$(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN1DIR)|$(DESTINSTALLSITEMAN1DIR)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN3DIR)|$(DESTINSTALLSITEMAN3DIR)" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) "].$self->catfile($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q["
  
  pure_vendor_install ::
  ];
      push @m,
  q[	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'read|'.File::Spec->catfile('$(VENDORARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').'|'" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'write|'.File::Spec->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').'|'" >>.MM_tmp
  ] unless $self->{NO_PACKLIST};
  
      push @m,
  q[	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_LIB)|$(DESTINSTALLVENDORLIB)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_ARCHLIB)|$(DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_BIN)|$(DESTINSTALLVENDORBIN)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_SCRIPT)|$(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN1DIR)|$(DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN3DIR)|$(DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR)" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  
  ];
  
      push @m, q[
  # Ditto
  doc_perl_install ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  # And again
  doc_site_install ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  doc_vendor_install ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  ] if $self->{NO_PERLLOCAL};
  
      push @m, q[
  # Ditto
  doc_perl_install ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Appending installation info to ].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB}, 'perllocal.pod').q["
  	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "installed into|$(INSTALLPRIVLIB)|" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "LINKTYPE|$(LINKTYPE)|VERSION|$(VERSION)|EXE_FILES|$(EXE_FILES) " >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) "Module" "$(NAME)" <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB},'perllocal.pod').q[
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  
  # And again
  doc_site_install ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Appending installation info to ].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB}, 'perllocal.pod').q["
  	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "installed into|$(INSTALLSITELIB)|" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "LINKTYPE|$(LINKTYPE)|VERSION|$(VERSION)|EXE_FILES|$(EXE_FILES) " >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) "Module" "$(NAME)" <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB},'perllocal.pod').q[
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  
  doc_vendor_install ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Appending installation info to ].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB}, 'perllocal.pod').q["
  	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "installed into|$(INSTALLVENDORLIB)|" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "LINKTYPE|$(LINKTYPE)|VERSION|$(VERSION)|EXE_FILES|$(EXE_FILES) " >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) "Module" "$(NAME)" <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB},'perllocal.pod').q[
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  
  ] unless $self->{NO_PERLLOCAL};
  
      push @m, q[
  uninstall :: uninstall_from_$(INSTALLDIRS)dirs
  	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
  
  uninstall_from_perldirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) ].$self->catfile($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[
  
  uninstall_from_sitedirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) ].$self->catfile($self->{SITEARCHEXP},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[
  
  uninstall_from_vendordirs ::
  	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) ].$self->catfile($self->{VENDORARCHEXP},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[
  ];
  
      join('',@m);
  }
  
  =item perldepend (override)
  
  Use VMS-style syntax for files; it's cheaper to just do it directly here
  than to have the MM_Unix method call C<catfile> repeatedly.  Also, if
  we have to rebuild Config.pm, use MM[SK] to do it.
  
  =cut
  
  sub perldepend {
      my($self) = @_;
      my(@m);
  
      if ($self->{OBJECT}) {
          # Need to add an object file dependency on the perl headers.
          # this is very important for XS modules in perl.git development.
  
          push @m, $self->_perl_header_files_fragment(""); # empty separator on VMS as its in the $(PERL_INC)
      }
  
      if ($self->{PERL_SRC}) {
  	my(@macros);
  	my($mmsquals) = '$(USEMAKEFILE)[.vms]$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)';
  	push(@macros,'__AXP__=1') if $Config{'archname'} eq 'VMS_AXP';
  	push(@macros,'DECC=1')    if $Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'decc';
  	push(@macros,'GNUC=1')    if $Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'gcc';
  	push(@macros,'SOCKET=1')  if $Config{'d_has_sockets'};
  	push(@macros,qq["CC=$Config{'cc'}"])  if $Config{'cc'} =~ m!/!;
  	$mmsquals .= '$(USEMACROS)' . join(',',@macros) . '$(MACROEND)' if @macros;
  	push(@m,q[
  # Check for unpropagated config.sh changes. Should never happen.
  # We do NOT just update config.h because that is not sufficient.
  # An out of date config.h is not fatal but complains loudly!
  $(PERL_INC)config.h : $(PERL_SRC)config.sh
  	$(NOOP)
  
  $(PERL_ARCHLIB)Config.pm : $(PERL_SRC)config.sh
  	$(NOECHO) Write Sys$Error "$(PERL_ARCHLIB)Config.pm may be out of date with config.h or genconfig.pl"
  	olddef = F$Environment("Default")
  	Set Default $(PERL_SRC)
  	$(MMS)],$mmsquals,);
  	if ($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} =~ m|\[-| && $self->{PERL_SRC} =~ m|(\[-+)|) {
  	    my($prefix,$target) = ($1,$self->fixpath('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)Config.pm',0));
  	    $target =~ s/\Q$prefix/[/;
  	    push(@m," $target");
  	}
  	else { push(@m,' $(MMS$TARGET)'); }
  	push(@m,q[
  	Set Default 'olddef'
  ]);
      }
  
      push(@m, join(" ", map($self->fixpath($_,0),sort values %{$self->{XS}}))." : \$(XSUBPPDEPS)\n")
        if %{$self->{XS}};
  
      join('',@m);
  }
  
  
  =item makeaperl (override)
  
  Undertake to build a new set of Perl images using VMS commands.  Since
  VMS does dynamic loading, it's not necessary to statically link each
  extension into the Perl image, so this isn't the normal build path.
  Consequently, it hasn't really been tested, and may well be incomplete.
  
  =cut
  
  our %olbs;  # needs to be localized
  
  sub makeaperl {
      my($self, %attribs) = @_;
      my($makefilename, $searchdirs, $static, $extra, $perlinc, $target, $tmpdir, $libperl) =
        @attribs{qw(MAKE DIRS STAT EXTRA INCL TARGET TMP LIBPERL)};
      my(@m);
      push @m, "
  # --- MakeMaker makeaperl section ---
  MAP_TARGET    = $target
  ";
      return join '', @m if $self->{PARENT};
  
      my($dir) = join ":", @{$self->{DIR}};
  
      unless ($self->{MAKEAPERL}) {
  	push @m, q{
  $(MAKE_APERL_FILE) : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Writing ""$(MMS$TARGET)"" for this $(MAP_TARGET)"
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUNINST) \
  		Makefile.PL DIR=}, $dir, q{ \
  		FIRST_MAKEFILE=$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) LINKTYPE=static \
  		MAKEAPERL=1 NORECURS=1 };
  
  	push @m, map(q[ \\\n\t\t"$_"], @ARGV),q{
  
  $(MAP_TARGET) :: $(MAKE_APERL_FILE)
  	$(MAKE)$(USEMAKEFILE)$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) static $(MMS$TARGET)
  };
  	push @m, "\n";
  
  	return join '', @m;
      }
  
  
      my($linkcmd,@optlibs,@staticpkgs,$extralist,$targdir,$libperldir,%libseen);
      local($_);
  
      # The front matter of the linkcommand...
      $linkcmd = join ' ', $Config{'ld'},
  	    grep($_, @Config{qw(large split ldflags ccdlflags)});
      $linkcmd =~ s/\s+/ /g;
  
      # Which *.olb files could we make use of...
      local(%olbs);       # XXX can this be lexical?
      $olbs{$self->{INST_ARCHAUTODIR}} = "$self->{BASEEXT}\$(LIB_EXT)";
      require File::Find;
      File::Find::find(sub {
  	return unless m/\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E$/;
  	return if m/^libperl/;
  
  	if( exists $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} ){
  		my $found = 0;
  
  		(my $xx = $File::Find::name) =~ s,.*?/auto/,,;
  		$xx =~ s,/?$_,,;
  		$xx =~ s,/,::,g;
  
  		# Throw away anything not explicitly marked for inclusion.
  		# DynaLoader is implied.
  		foreach my $incl ((@{$self->{INCLUDE_EXT}},'DynaLoader')){
  			if( $xx eq $incl ){
  				$found++;
  				last;
  			}
  		}
  		return unless $found;
  	}
  	elsif( exists $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} ){
  		(my $xx = $File::Find::name) =~ s,.*?/auto/,,;
  		$xx =~ s,/?$_,,;
  		$xx =~ s,/,::,g;
  
  		# Throw away anything explicitly marked for exclusion
  		foreach my $excl (@{$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}}){
  			return if( $xx eq $excl );
  		}
  	}
  
  	$olbs{$ENV{DEFAULT}} = $_;
      }, grep( -d $_, @{$searchdirs || []}));
  
      # We trust that what has been handed in as argument will be buildable
      $static = [] unless $static;
      @olbs{@{$static}} = (1) x @{$static};
  
      $extra = [] unless $extra && ref $extra eq 'ARRAY';
      # Sort the object libraries in inverse order of
      # filespec length to try to insure that dependent extensions
      # will appear before their parents, so the linker will
      # search the parent library to resolve references.
      # (e.g. Intuit::DWIM will precede Intuit, so unresolved
      # references from [.intuit.dwim]dwim.obj can be found
      # in [.intuit]intuit.olb).
      for (sort { length($a) <=> length($b) || $a cmp $b } keys %olbs) {
  	next unless $olbs{$_} =~ /\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E$/;
  	my($dir) = $self->fixpath($_,1);
  	my($extralibs) = $dir . "extralibs.ld";
  	my($extopt) = $dir . $olbs{$_};
  	$extopt =~ s/$self->{LIB_EXT}$/.opt/;
  	push @optlibs, "$dir$olbs{$_}";
  	# Get external libraries this extension will need
  	if (-f $extralibs ) {
  	    my %seenthis;
  	    open my $list, "<", $extralibs or warn $!,next;
  	    while (<$list>) {
  		chomp;
  		# Include a library in the link only once, unless it's mentioned
  		# multiple times within a single extension's options file, in which
  		# case we assume the builder needed to search it again later in the
  		# link.
  		my $skip = exists($libseen{$_}) && !exists($seenthis{$_});
  		$libseen{$_}++;  $seenthis{$_}++;
  		next if $skip;
  		push @$extra,$_;
  	    }
  	}
  	# Get full name of extension for ExtUtils::Miniperl
  	if (-f $extopt) {
  	    open my $opt, '<', $extopt or die $!;
  	    while (<$opt>) {
  		next unless /(?:UNIVERSAL|VECTOR)=boot_([\w_]+)/;
  		my $pkg = $1;
  		$pkg =~ s#__*#::#g;
  		push @staticpkgs,$pkg;
  	    }
  	}
      }
      # Place all of the external libraries after all of the Perl extension
      # libraries in the final link, in order to maximize the opportunity
      # for XS code from multiple extensions to resolve symbols against the
      # same external library while only including that library once.
      push @optlibs, @$extra;
  
      $target = "Perl$Config{'exe_ext'}" unless $target;
      my $shrtarget;
      ($shrtarget,$targdir) = fileparse($target);
      $shrtarget =~ s/^([^.]*)/$1Shr/;
      $shrtarget = $targdir . $shrtarget;
      $target = "Perlshr.$Config{'dlext'}" unless $target;
      $tmpdir = "[]" unless $tmpdir;
      $tmpdir = $self->fixpath($tmpdir,1);
      if (@optlibs) { $extralist = join(' ',@optlibs); }
      else          { $extralist = ''; }
      # Let ExtUtils::Liblist find the necessary libs for us (but skip PerlShr)
      # that's what we're building here).
      push @optlibs, grep { !/PerlShr/i } split ' ', +($self->ext())[2];
      if ($libperl) {
  	unless (-f $libperl || -f ($libperl = $self->catfile($Config{'installarchlib'},'CORE',$libperl))) {
  	    print "Warning: $libperl not found\n";
  	    undef $libperl;
  	}
      }
      unless ($libperl) {
  	if (defined $self->{PERL_SRC}) {
  	    $libperl = $self->catfile($self->{PERL_SRC},"libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}");
  	} elsif (-f ($libperl = $self->catfile($Config{'installarchlib'},'CORE',"libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}")) ) {
  	} else {
  	    print "Warning: $libperl not found
      If you're going to build a static perl binary, make sure perl is installed
      otherwise ignore this warning\n";
  	}
      }
      $libperldir = $self->fixpath((fileparse($libperl))[1],1);
  
      push @m, '
  # Fill in the target you want to produce if it\'s not perl
  MAP_TARGET    = ',$self->fixpath($target,0),'
  MAP_SHRTARGET = ',$self->fixpath($shrtarget,0),"
  MAP_LINKCMD   = $linkcmd
  MAP_PERLINC   = ", $perlinc ? map('"$_" ',@{$perlinc}) : '',"
  MAP_EXTRA     = $extralist
  MAP_LIBPERL = ",$self->fixpath($libperl,0),'
  ';
  
  
      push @m,"\n${tmpdir}Makeaperl.Opt : \$(MAP_EXTRA)\n";
      foreach (@optlibs) {
  	push @m,'	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print q{',$_,'}" >>$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";
      }
      push @m,"\n${tmpdir}PerlShr.Opt :\n\t";
      push @m,'$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print q{$(MAP_SHRTARGET)}" >$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";
  
      push @m,'
  $(MAP_SHRTARGET) : $(MAP_LIBPERL) Makeaperl.Opt ',"${libperldir}Perlshr_Attr.Opt",'
  	$(MAP_LINKCMD)/Shareable=$(MMS$TARGET) $(MAP_LIBPERL), Makeaperl.Opt/Option ',"${libperldir}Perlshr_Attr.Opt/Option",'
  $(MAP_TARGET) : $(MAP_SHRTARGET) ',"${tmpdir}perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT) ${tmpdir}PerlShr.Opt",'
  	$(MAP_LINKCMD) ',"${tmpdir}perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT)",', PerlShr.Opt/Option
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "To install the new ""$(MAP_TARGET)"" binary, say"
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "    $(MAKE)$(USEMAKEFILE)$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) inst_perl $(USEMACROS)MAP_TARGET=$(MAP_TARGET)$(ENDMACRO)"
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "To remove the intermediate files, say
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "    $(MAKE)$(USEMAKEFILE)$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) map_clean"
  ';
      push @m,"\n${tmpdir}perlmain.c : \$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(PERL) -e 1 >${tmpdir}Writemain.tmp\n";
      push @m, "# More from the 255-char line length limit\n";
      foreach (@staticpkgs) {
  	push @m,'	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print q{',$_,qq[}" >>${tmpdir}Writemain.tmp\n];
      }
  
      push @m, sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $tmpdir, $tmpdir;
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) $(MAP_PERLINC) -ane "use ExtUtils::Miniperl; writemain(@F)" %sWritemain.tmp >$(MMS$TARGET)
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) %sWritemain.tmp
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      push @m, q[
  # Still more from the 255-char line length limit
  doc_inst_perl :
  	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Perl binary $(MAP_TARGET)|" >.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "MAP_STATIC|$(MAP_STATIC)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -pl040 -e " " ].$self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)','extralibs.all'),q[ >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) -e "MAP_LIBPERL|$(MAP_LIBPERL)|" >>.MM_tmp
  	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','perllocal.pod').q[
  	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
  ];
  
      push @m, "
  inst_perl : pure_inst_perl doc_inst_perl
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  pure_inst_perl : \$(MAP_TARGET)
  	$self->{CP} \$(MAP_SHRTARGET) ",$self->fixpath($Config{'installbin'},1),"
  	$self->{CP} \$(MAP_TARGET) ",$self->fixpath($Config{'installbin'},1),"
  
  clean :: map_clean
  	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)
  
  map_clean :
  	\$(RM_F) ${tmpdir}perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT) ${tmpdir}perlmain.c \$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
  	\$(RM_F) ${tmpdir}Makeaperl.Opt ${tmpdir}PerlShr.Opt \$(MAP_TARGET)
  ";
  
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  
  # --- Output postprocessing section ---
  
  =item maketext_filter (override)
  
  Ensure that colons marking targets are preceded by space, in order
  to distinguish the target delimiter from a colon appearing as
  part of a filespec.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maketext_filter {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      $text =~ s/^([^\s:=]+)(:+\s)/$1 $2/mg;
      return $text;
  }
  
  =item prefixify (override)
  
  prefixifying on VMS is simple.  Each should simply be:
  
      perl_root:[some.dir]
  
  which can just be converted to:
  
      volume:[your.prefix.some.dir]
  
  otherwise you get the default layout.
  
  In effect, your search prefix is ignored and $Config{vms_prefix} is
  used instead.
  
  =cut
  
  sub prefixify {
      my($self, $var, $sprefix, $rprefix, $default) = @_;
  
      # Translate $(PERLPREFIX) to a real path.
      $rprefix = $self->eliminate_macros($rprefix);
      $rprefix = vmspath($rprefix) if $rprefix;
      $sprefix = vmspath($sprefix) if $sprefix;
  
      $default = vmsify($default)
        unless $default =~ /\[.*\]/;
  
      (my $var_no_install = $var) =~ s/^install//;
      my $path = $self->{uc $var} ||
                 $ExtUtils::MM_Unix::Config_Override{lc $var} ||
                 $Config{lc $var} || $Config{lc $var_no_install};
  
      if( !$path ) {
          warn "  no Config found for $var.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
          $path = $self->_prefixify_default($rprefix, $default);
      }
      elsif( !$self->{ARGS}{PREFIX} || !$self->file_name_is_absolute($path) ) {
          # do nothing if there's no prefix or if its relative
      }
      elsif( $sprefix eq $rprefix ) {
          warn "  no new prefix.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
      }
      else {
  
          warn "  prefixify $var => $path\n"     if $Verbose >= 2;
          warn "    from $sprefix to $rprefix\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
  
          my($path_vol, $path_dirs) = $self->splitpath( $path );
          if( $path_vol eq $Config{vms_prefix}.':' ) {
              warn "  $Config{vms_prefix}: seen\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
  
              $path_dirs =~ s{^\[}{\[.} unless $path_dirs =~ m{^\[\.};
              $path = $self->_catprefix($rprefix, $path_dirs);
          }
          else {
              $path = $self->_prefixify_default($rprefix, $default);
          }
      }
  
      print "    now $path\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
      return $self->{uc $var} = $path;
  }
  
  
  sub _prefixify_default {
      my($self, $rprefix, $default) = @_;
  
      warn "  cannot prefix, using default.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
  
      if( !$default ) {
          warn "No default!\n" if $Verbose >= 1;
          return;
      }
      if( !$rprefix ) {
          warn "No replacement prefix!\n" if $Verbose >= 1;
          return '';
      }
  
      return $self->_catprefix($rprefix, $default);
  }
  
  sub _catprefix {
      my($self, $rprefix, $default) = @_;
  
      my($rvol, $rdirs) = $self->splitpath($rprefix);
      if( $rvol ) {
          return $self->catpath($rvol,
                                     $self->catdir($rdirs, $default),
                                     ''
                                    )
      }
      else {
          return $self->catdir($rdirs, $default);
      }
  }
  
  
  =item cd
  
  =cut
  
  sub cd {
      my($self, $dir, @cmds) = @_;
  
      $dir = vmspath($dir);
  
      my $cmd = join "\n\t", map "$_", @cmds;
  
      # No leading tab makes it look right when embedded
      my $make_frag = sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $dir, $cmd;
  startdir = F$Environment("Default")
  	Set Default %s
  	%s
  	Set Default 'startdir'
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      # No trailing newline makes this easier to embed
      chomp $make_frag;
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  
  =item oneliner
  
  =cut
  
  sub oneliner {
      my($self, $cmd, $switches) = @_;
      $switches = [] unless defined $switches;
  
      # Strip leading and trailing newlines
      $cmd =~ s{^\n+}{};
      $cmd =~ s{\n+$}{};
  
      my @cmds = split /\n/, $cmd;
      $cmd = join " \n\t  -e ", map $self->quote_literal($_), @cmds;
      $cmd = $self->escape_newlines($cmd);
  
      # Switches must be quoted else they will be lowercased.
      $switches = join ' ', map { qq{"$_"} } @$switches;
  
      return qq{\$(ABSPERLRUN) $switches -e $cmd "--"};
  }
  
  
  =item B<echo>
  
  perl trips up on "<foo>" thinking it's an input redirect.  So we use the
  native Write command instead.  Besides, it's faster.
  
  =cut
  
  sub echo {
      my($self, $text, $file, $opts) = @_;
  
      # Compatibility with old options
      if( !ref $opts ) {
          my $append = $opts;
          $opts = { append => $append || 0 };
      }
      my $opencmd = $opts->{append} ? 'Open/Append' : 'Open/Write';
  
      $opts->{allow_variables} = 0 unless defined $opts->{allow_variables};
  
      my $ql_opts = { allow_variables => $opts->{allow_variables} };
  
      my @cmds = ("\$(NOECHO) $opencmd MMECHOFILE $file ");
      push @cmds, map { '$(NOECHO) Write MMECHOFILE '.$self->quote_literal($_, $ql_opts) }
                  split /\n/, $text;
      push @cmds, '$(NOECHO) Close MMECHOFILE';
      return @cmds;
  }
  
  
  =item quote_literal
  
  =cut
  
  sub quote_literal {
      my($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
      $opts->{allow_variables} = 1 unless defined $opts->{allow_variables};
  
      # I believe this is all we should need.
      $text =~ s{"}{""}g;
  
      $text = $opts->{allow_variables}
        ? $self->escape_dollarsigns($text) : $self->escape_all_dollarsigns($text);
  
      return qq{"$text"};
  }
  
  =item escape_dollarsigns
  
  Quote, don't escape.
  
  =cut
  
  sub escape_dollarsigns {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      # Quote dollar signs which are not starting a variable
      $text =~ s{\$ (?!\() }{"\$"}gx;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  
  =item escape_all_dollarsigns
  
  Quote, don't escape.
  
  =cut
  
  sub escape_all_dollarsigns {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      # Quote dollar signs
      $text =~ s{\$}{"\$\"}gx;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  =item escape_newlines
  
  =cut
  
  sub escape_newlines {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      $text =~ s{\n}{-\n}g;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  =item max_exec_len
  
  256 characters.
  
  =cut
  
  sub max_exec_len {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} ||= 256;
  }
  
  =item init_linker
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_linker {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->{EXPORT_LIST} ||= '$(BASEEXT).opt';
  
      my $shr = $Config{dbgprefix} . 'PERLSHR';
      if ($self->{PERL_SRC}) {
          $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} ||=
            $self->catfile($self->{PERL_SRC}, "$shr.$Config{'dlext'}");
      }
      else {
          $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} ||=
            $ENV{$shr} ? $ENV{$shr} : "Sys\$Share:$shr.$Config{'dlext'}";
      }
  
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP} ||= '';
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} ||= '';
  }
  
  
  =item catdir (override)
  
  =item catfile (override)
  
  Eliminate the macros in the output to the MMS/MMK file.
  
  (File::Spec::VMS used to do this for us, but it's being removed)
  
  =cut
  
  sub catdir {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Process the macros on VMS MMS/MMK
      my @args = map { m{\$\(} ? $self->eliminate_macros($_) : $_  } @_;
  
      my $dir = $self->SUPER::catdir(@args);
  
      # Fix up the directory and force it to VMS format.
      $dir = $self->fixpath($dir, 1);
  
      return $dir;
  }
  
  sub catfile {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Process the macros on VMS MMS/MMK
      my @args = map { m{\$\(} ? $self->eliminate_macros($_) : $_  } @_;
  
      my $file = $self->SUPER::catfile(@args);
  
      $file = vmsify($file);
  
      return $file
  }
  
  
  =item eliminate_macros
  
  Expands MM[KS]/Make macros in a text string, using the contents of
  identically named elements of C<%$self>, and returns the result
  as a file specification in Unix syntax.
  
  NOTE:  This is the canonical version of the method.  The version in
  File::Spec::VMS is deprecated.
  
  =cut
  
  sub eliminate_macros {
      my($self,$path) = @_;
      return '' unless $path;
      $self = {} unless ref $self;
  
      my($npath) = unixify($path);
      # sometimes unixify will return a string with an off-by-one trailing null
      $npath =~ s{\0$}{};
  
      my($complex) = 0;
      my($head,$macro,$tail);
  
      # perform m##g in scalar context so it acts as an iterator
      while ($npath =~ m#(.*?)\$\((\S+?)\)(.*)#gs) {
          if (defined $self->{$2}) {
              ($head,$macro,$tail) = ($1,$2,$3);
              if (ref $self->{$macro}) {
                  if (ref $self->{$macro} eq 'ARRAY') {
                      $macro = join ' ', @{$self->{$macro}};
                  }
                  else {
                      print "Note: can't expand macro \$($macro) containing ",ref($self->{$macro}),
                            "\n\t(using MMK-specific deferred substitutuon; MMS will break)\n";
                      $macro = "\cB$macro\cB";
                      $complex = 1;
                  }
              }
              else {
                  $macro = $self->{$macro};
                  # Don't unixify if there is unescaped whitespace
                  $macro = unixify($macro) unless ($macro =~ /(?<!\^)\s/);
                  $macro =~ s#/\Z(?!\n)##;
              }
              $npath = "$head$macro$tail";
          }
      }
      if ($complex) { $npath =~ s#\cB(.*?)\cB#\${$1}#gs; }
      $npath;
  }
  
  =item fixpath
  
     my $path = $mm->fixpath($path);
     my $path = $mm->fixpath($path, $is_dir);
  
  Catchall routine to clean up problem MM[SK]/Make macros.  Expands macros
  in any directory specification, in order to avoid juxtaposing two
  VMS-syntax directories when MM[SK] is run.  Also expands expressions which
  are all macro, so that we can tell how long the expansion is, and avoid
  overrunning DCL's command buffer when MM[KS] is running.
  
  fixpath() checks to see whether the result matches the name of a
  directory in the current default directory and returns a directory or
  file specification accordingly.  C<$is_dir> can be set to true to
  force fixpath() to consider the path to be a directory or false to force
  it to be a file.
  
  NOTE:  This is the canonical version of the method.  The version in
  File::Spec::VMS is deprecated.
  
  =cut
  
  sub fixpath {
      my($self,$path,$force_path) = @_;
      return '' unless $path;
      $self = bless {}, $self unless ref $self;
      my($fixedpath,$prefix,$name);
  
      if ($path =~ m#^\$\([^\)]+\)\Z(?!\n)#s || $path =~ m#[/:>\]]#) {
          if ($force_path or $path =~ /(?:DIR\)|\])\Z(?!\n)/) {
              $fixedpath = vmspath($self->eliminate_macros($path));
          }
          else {
              $fixedpath = vmsify($self->eliminate_macros($path));
          }
      }
      elsif ((($prefix,$name) = ($path =~ m#^\$\(([^\)]+)\)(.+)#s)) && $self->{$prefix}) {
          my($vmspre) = $self->eliminate_macros("\$($prefix)");
          # is it a dir or just a name?
          $vmspre = ($vmspre =~ m|/| or $prefix =~ /DIR\Z(?!\n)/) ? vmspath($vmspre) : '';
          $fixedpath = ($vmspre ? $vmspre : $self->{$prefix}) . $name;
          $fixedpath = vmspath($fixedpath) if $force_path;
      }
      else {
          $fixedpath = $path;
          $fixedpath = vmspath($fixedpath) if $force_path;
      }
      # No hints, so we try to guess
      if (!defined($force_path) and $fixedpath !~ /[:>(.\]]/) {
          $fixedpath = vmspath($fixedpath) if -d $fixedpath;
      }
  
      # Trim off root dirname if it's had other dirs inserted in front of it.
      $fixedpath =~ s/\.000000([\]>])/$1/;
      # Special case for VMS absolute directory specs: these will have had device
      # prepended during trip through Unix syntax in eliminate_macros(), since
      # Unix syntax has no way to express "absolute from the top of this device's
      # directory tree".
      if ($path =~ /^[\[>][^.\-]/) { $fixedpath =~ s/^[^\[<]+//; }
  
      return $fixedpath;
  }
  
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  VMS is VMS.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('VMS');
  }
  
  
  =item is_make_type (override)
  
  None of the make types being checked for is viable on VMS,
  plus our $self->{MAKE} is an unexpanded (and unexpandable)
  macro whose value is known only to the make utility itself.
  
  =cut
  
  sub is_make_type {
      my($self, $type) = @_;
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  =item make_type (override)
  
  Returns a suitable string describing the type of makefile being written.
  
  =cut
  
  sub make_type { "$Config{make}-style"; }
  
  
  =back
  
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Original author Charles Bailey F<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>
  
  Maintained by Michael G Schwern F<schwern@pobox.com>
  
  See L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> for patching and contact information.
  
  
  =cut
  
  1;
  
EXTUTILS_MM_VMS

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_VOS.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_VOS';
  package ExtUtils::MM_VOS;
  
  use strict;
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Unix);
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    Don't use this module directly.
    Use ExtUtils::MM and let it choose.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix which contains functionality for
  VOS.
  
  Unless otherwise stated it works just like ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  =head3 extra_clean_files
  
  Cleanup VOS core files
  
  =cut
  
  sub extra_clean_files {
      return qw(*.kp);
  }
  
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>
  
  =cut
  
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_VOS

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_Win32.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_WIN32';
  package ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
  
  use strict;
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
   use ExtUtils::MM_Win32; # Done internally by ExtUtils::MakeMaker if needed
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided
  there. This package overrides the implementation of these methods, not
  the semantics.
  
  =cut
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use File::Basename;
  use File::Spec;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(neatvalue _sprintf562);
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  our @ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::MM_Unix );
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  $ENV{EMXSHELL} = 'sh'; # to run `commands`
  
  my ( $BORLAND, $GCC, $MSVC ) = _identify_compiler_environment( \%Config );
  
  sub _identify_compiler_environment {
  	my ( $config ) = @_;
  
  	my $BORLAND = $config->{cc} =~ /\bbcc/i ? 1 : 0;
  	my $GCC     = $config->{cc} =~ /\bgcc\b/i ? 1 : 0;
  	my $MSVC    = $config->{cc} =~ /\b(?:cl|icl)/i ? 1 : 0; # MSVC can come as clarm.exe, icl=Intel C
  
  	return ( $BORLAND, $GCC, $MSVC );
  }
  
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  =over 4
  
  =item B<dlsyms>
  
  =cut
  
  sub dlsyms {
      my($self,%attribs) = @_;
      return '' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{'dynamic'};
      $self->xs_dlsyms_iterator(\%attribs);
  }
  
  =item xs_dlsyms_ext
  
  On Win32, is C<.def>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_dlsyms_ext {
      '.def';
  }
  
  =item replace_manpage_separator
  
  Changes the path separator with .
  
  =cut
  
  sub replace_manpage_separator {
      my($self,$man) = @_;
      $man =~ s,/+,.,g;
      $man;
  }
  
  
  =item B<maybe_command>
  
  Since Windows has nothing as simple as an executable bit, we check the
  file extension.
  
  The PATHEXT env variable will be used to get a list of extensions that
  might indicate a command, otherwise .com, .exe, .bat and .cmd will be
  used by default.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maybe_command {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      my @e = exists($ENV{'PATHEXT'})
            ? split(/;/, $ENV{PATHEXT})
  	  : qw(.com .exe .bat .cmd);
      my $e = '';
      for (@e) { $e .= "\Q$_\E|" }
      chop $e;
      # see if file ends in one of the known extensions
      if ($file =~ /($e)$/i) {
  	return $file if -e $file;
      }
      else {
  	for (@e) {
  	    return "$file$_" if -e "$file$_";
  	}
      }
      return;
  }
  
  
  =item B<init_DIRFILESEP>
  
  Using \ for Windows, except for "gmake" where it is /.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_DIRFILESEP {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      # The ^ makes sure its not interpreted as an escape in nmake
      $self->{DIRFILESEP} = $self->is_make_type('nmake') ? '^\\' :
                            $self->is_make_type('dmake') ? '\\\\' :
                            $self->is_make_type('gmake') ? '/'
                                                         : '\\';
  }
  
  =item init_tools
  
  Override some of the slower, portable commands with Windows specific ones.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_tools {
      my ($self) = @_;
  
      $self->{NOOP}     ||= 'rem';
      $self->{DEV_NULL} ||= '> NUL';
  
      $self->{FIXIN}    ||= $self->{PERL_CORE} ?
        "\$(PERLRUN) $self->{PERL_SRC}\\win32\\bin\\pl2bat.pl" :
        'pl2bat.bat';
  
      $self->SUPER::init_tools;
  
      # Setting SHELL from $Config{sh} can break dmake.  Its ok without it.
      delete $self->{SHELL};
  
      return;
  }
  
  
  =item init_others
  
  Override the default link and compile tools.
  
  LDLOADLIBS's default is changed to $Config{libs}.
  
  Adjustments are made for Borland's quirks needing -L to come first.
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_others {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{LD}     ||= 'link';
      $self->{AR}     ||= 'lib';
  
      $self->SUPER::init_others;
  
      $self->{LDLOADLIBS} ||= $Config{libs};
      # -Lfoo must come first for Borland, so we put it in LDDLFLAGS
      if ($BORLAND) {
          my $libs = $self->{LDLOADLIBS};
          my $libpath = '';
          while ($libs =~ s/(?:^|\s)(("?)-L.+?\2)(?:\s|$)/ /) {
              $libpath .= ' ' if length $libpath;
              $libpath .= $1;
          }
          $self->{LDLOADLIBS} = $libs;
          $self->{LDDLFLAGS} ||= $Config{lddlflags};
          $self->{LDDLFLAGS} .= " $libpath";
      }
  
      return;
  }
  
  
  =item init_platform
  
  Add MM_Win32_VERSION.
  
  =item platform_constants
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_platform {
      my($self) = shift;
  
      $self->{MM_Win32_VERSION} = $VERSION;
  
      return;
  }
  
  sub platform_constants {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $make_frag = '';
  
      foreach my $macro (qw(MM_Win32_VERSION))
      {
          next unless defined $self->{$macro};
          $make_frag .= "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
      }
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  =item specify_shell
  
  Set SHELL to $ENV{COMSPEC} only if make is type 'gmake'.
  
  =cut
  
  sub specify_shell {
      my $self = shift;
      return '' unless $self->is_make_type('gmake');
      "\nSHELL = $ENV{COMSPEC}\n";
  }
  
  =item constants
  
  Add MAXLINELENGTH for dmake before all the constants are output.
  
  =cut
  
  sub constants {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $make_text = $self->SUPER::constants;
      return $make_text unless $self->is_make_type('dmake');
  
      # dmake won't read any single "line" (even those with escaped newlines)
      # larger than a certain size which can be as small as 8k.  PM_TO_BLIB
      # on large modules like DateTime::TimeZone can create lines over 32k.
      # So we'll crank it up to a <ironic>WHOPPING</ironic> 64k.
      #
      # This has to come here before all the constants and not in
      # platform_constants which is after constants.
      my $size = $self->{MAXLINELENGTH} || 800000;
      my $prefix = qq{
  # Get dmake to read long commands like PM_TO_BLIB
  MAXLINELENGTH = $size
  
  };
  
      return $prefix . $make_text;
  }
  
  
  =item special_targets
  
  Add .USESHELL target for dmake.
  
  =cut
  
  sub special_targets {
      my($self) = @_;
  
      my $make_frag = $self->SUPER::special_targets;
  
      $make_frag .= <<'MAKE_FRAG' if $self->is_make_type('dmake');
  .USESHELL :
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  =item static_lib_pure_cmd
  
  Defines how to run the archive utility
  
  =cut
  
  sub static_lib_pure_cmd {
      my ($self, $from) = @_;
      $from =~ s/(\$\(\w+)(\))/$1:^"+"$2/g if $BORLAND;
      sprintf qq{\t\$(AR) %s\n}, ($BORLAND ? '$@ ' . $from
                            : ($GCC ? '-ru $@ ' . $from
                                    : '-out:$@ ' . $from));
  }
  
  =item dynamic_lib
  
  Methods are overridden here: not dynamic_lib itself, but the utility
  ones that do the OS-specific work.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_make_dynamic_lib {
      my ($self, $attribs, $from, $to, $todir, $ldfrom, $exportlist) = @_;
      my @m = sprintf '%s : %s $(MYEXTLIB) %s$(DFSEP).exists %s $(PERL_ARCHIVEDEP) $(INST_DYNAMIC_DEP)'."\n", $to, $from, $todir, $exportlist;
      if ($GCC) {
        # per https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=78395 no longer
        # uses dlltool - relies on post 2002 MinGW
        #                             1            2
        push @m, _sprintf562 <<'EOF', $exportlist, $ldfrom;
  	$(LD) %1$s -o $@ $(LDDLFLAGS) %2$s $(OTHERLDFLAGS) $(MYEXTLIB) "$(PERL_ARCHIVE)" $(LDLOADLIBS) -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base
  EOF
      } elsif ($BORLAND) {
        my $ldargs = $self->is_make_type('dmake')
            ? q{"$(PERL_ARCHIVE:s,/,\,)" $(LDLOADLIBS:s,/,\,) $(MYEXTLIB:s,/,\,),}
            : q{"$(subst /,\,$(PERL_ARCHIVE))" $(subst /,\,$(LDLOADLIBS)) $(subst /,\,$(MYEXTLIB)),};
        my $subbed;
        if ($exportlist eq '$(EXPORT_LIST)') {
            $subbed = $self->is_make_type('dmake')
                ? q{$(EXPORT_LIST:s,/,\,)}
                : q{$(subst /,\,$(EXPORT_LIST))};
        } else {
              # in XSMULTI, exportlist is per-XS, so have to sub in perl not make
            ($subbed = $exportlist) =~ s#/#\\#g;
        }
        push @m, sprintf <<'EOF', $ldfrom, $ldargs . $subbed;
          $(LD) $(LDDLFLAGS) $(OTHERLDFLAGS) %s,$@,,%s,$(RESFILES)
  EOF
      } else {	# VC
        push @m, sprintf <<'EOF', $ldfrom, $exportlist;
  	$(LD) -out:$@ $(LDDLFLAGS) %s $(OTHERLDFLAGS) $(MYEXTLIB) "$(PERL_ARCHIVE)" $(LDLOADLIBS) -def:%s
  EOF
        # Embed the manifest file if it exists
        push(@m, q{	if exist $@.manifest mt -nologo -manifest $@.manifest -outputresource:$@;2
  	if exist $@.manifest del $@.manifest});
      }
      push @m, "\n\t\$(CHMOD) \$(PERM_RWX) \$\@\n";
  
      join '', @m;
  }
  
  sub xs_dynamic_lib_macros {
      my ($self, $attribs) = @_;
      my $otherldflags = $attribs->{OTHERLDFLAGS} || ($BORLAND ? 'c0d32.obj': '');
      my $inst_dynamic_dep = $attribs->{INST_DYNAMIC_DEP} || "";
      sprintf <<'EOF', $otherldflags, $inst_dynamic_dep;
  # This section creates the dynamically loadable objects from relevant
  # objects and possibly $(MYEXTLIB).
  OTHERLDFLAGS = %s
  INST_DYNAMIC_DEP = %s
  EOF
  }
  
  =item extra_clean_files
  
  Clean out some extra dll.{base,exp} files which might be generated by
  gcc.  Otherwise, take out all *.pdb files.
  
  =cut
  
  sub extra_clean_files {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return $GCC ? (qw(dll.base dll.exp)) : ('*.pdb');
  }
  
  =item init_linker
  
  =cut
  
  sub init_linker {
      my $self = shift;
  
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE}       = "\$(PERL_INC)\\$Config{libperl}";
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVEDEP}    = "\$(PERL_INCDEP)\\$Config{libperl}";
      $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} = '';
      $self->{EXPORT_LIST}        = '$(BASEEXT).def';
  }
  
  
  =item perl_script
  
  Checks for the perl program under several common perl extensions.
  
  =cut
  
  sub perl_script {
      my($self,$file) = @_;
      return $file if -r $file && -f _;
      return "$file.pl"  if -r "$file.pl" && -f _;
      return "$file.plx" if -r "$file.plx" && -f _;
      return "$file.bat" if -r "$file.bat" && -f _;
      return;
  }
  
  sub can_dep_space {
      my $self = shift;
      1; # with Win32::GetShortPathName
  }
  
  =item quote_dep
  
  =cut
  
  sub quote_dep {
      my ($self, $arg) = @_;
      if ($arg =~ / / and not $self->is_make_type('gmake')) {
          require Win32;
          $arg = Win32::GetShortPathName($arg);
          die <<EOF if not defined $arg or $arg =~ / /;
  Tried to use make dependency with space for non-GNU make:
    '$arg'
  Fallback to short pathname failed.
  EOF
          return $arg;
      }
      return $self->SUPER::quote_dep($arg);
  }
  
  
  =item xs_obj_opt
  
  Override to fixup -o flags for MSVC.
  
  =cut
  
  sub xs_obj_opt {
      my ($self, $output_file) = @_;
      ($MSVC ? "/Fo" : "-o ") . $output_file;
  }
  
  
  =item pasthru
  
  All we send is -nologo to nmake to prevent it from printing its damned
  banner.
  
  =cut
  
  sub pasthru {
      my($self) = shift;
      my $old = $self->SUPER::pasthru;
      return $old unless $self->is_make_type('nmake');
      $old =~ s/(PASTHRU\s*=\s*)/$1 -nologo /;
      $old;
  }
  
  
  =item arch_check (override)
  
  Normalize all arguments for consistency of comparison.
  
  =cut
  
  sub arch_check {
      my $self = shift;
  
      # Win32 is an XS module, minperl won't have it.
      # arch_check() is not critical, so just fake it.
      return 1 unless $self->can_load_xs;
      return $self->SUPER::arch_check( map { $self->_normalize_path_name($_) } @_);
  }
  
  sub _normalize_path_name {
      my $self = shift;
      my $file = shift;
  
      require Win32;
      my $short = Win32::GetShortPathName($file);
      return defined $short ? lc $short : lc $file;
  }
  
  
  =item oneliner
  
  These are based on what command.com does on Win98.  They may be wrong
  for other Windows shells, I don't know.
  
  =cut
  
  sub oneliner {
      my($self, $cmd, $switches) = @_;
      $switches = [] unless defined $switches;
  
      # Strip leading and trailing newlines
      $cmd =~ s{^\n+}{};
      $cmd =~ s{\n+$}{};
  
      $cmd = $self->quote_literal($cmd);
      $cmd = $self->escape_newlines($cmd);
  
      $switches = join ' ', @$switches;
  
      return qq{\$(ABSPERLRUN) $switches -e $cmd --};
  }
  
  
  sub quote_literal {
      my($self, $text, $opts) = @_;
      $opts->{allow_variables} = 1 unless defined $opts->{allow_variables};
  
      # See: http://www.autohotkey.net/~deleyd/parameters/parameters.htm#CPP
  
      # Apply the Microsoft C/C++ parsing rules
      $text =~ s{\\\\"}{\\\\\\\\\\"}g;  # \\" -> \\\\\"
      $text =~ s{(?<!\\)\\"}{\\\\\\"}g; # \"  -> \\\"
      $text =~ s{(?<!\\)"}{\\"}g;       # "   -> \"
      $text = qq{"$text"} if $text =~ /[ \t]/;
  
      # Apply the Command Prompt parsing rules (cmd.exe)
      my @text = split /("[^"]*")/, $text;
      # We should also escape parentheses, but it breaks one-liners containing
      # $(MACRO)s in makefiles.
      s{([<>|&^@!])}{^$1}g foreach grep { !/^"[^"]*"$/ } @text;
      $text = join('', @text);
  
      # dmake expands {{ to { and }} to }.
      if( $self->is_make_type('dmake') ) {
          $text =~ s/{/{{/g;
          $text =~ s/}/}}/g;
      }
  
      $text = $opts->{allow_variables}
        ? $self->escape_dollarsigns($text) : $self->escape_all_dollarsigns($text);
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  
  sub escape_newlines {
      my($self, $text) = @_;
  
      # Escape newlines
      $text =~ s{\n}{\\\n}g;
  
      return $text;
  }
  
  
  =item cd
  
  dmake can handle Unix style cd'ing but nmake (at least 1.5) cannot.  It
  wants:
  
      cd dir1\dir2
      command
      another_command
      cd ..\..
  
  =cut
  
  sub cd {
      my($self, $dir, @cmds) = @_;
  
      return $self->SUPER::cd($dir, @cmds) unless $self->is_make_type('nmake');
  
      my $cmd = join "\n\t", map "$_", @cmds;
  
      my $updirs = $self->catdir(map { $self->updir } $self->splitdir($dir));
  
      # No leading tab and no trailing newline makes for easier embedding.
      my $make_frag = sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $dir, $cmd, $updirs;
  cd %s
  	%s
  	cd %s
  MAKE_FRAG
  
      chomp $make_frag;
  
      return $make_frag;
  }
  
  
  =item max_exec_len
  
  nmake 1.50 limits command length to 2048 characters.
  
  =cut
  
  sub max_exec_len {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} ||= 2 * 1024;
  }
  
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  Windows is Win32.
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      return('Win32');
  }
  
  
  =item cflags
  
  Defines the PERLDLL symbol if we are configured for static building since all
  code destined for the perl5xx.dll must be compiled with the PERLDLL symbol
  defined.
  
  =cut
  
  sub cflags {
      my($self,$libperl)=@_;
      return $self->{CFLAGS} if $self->{CFLAGS};
      return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
  
      my $base = $self->SUPER::cflags($libperl);
      foreach (split /\n/, $base) {
          /^(\S*)\s*=\s*(\S*)$/ and $self->{$1} = $2;
      };
      $self->{CCFLAGS} .= " -DPERLDLL" if ($self->{LINKTYPE} eq 'static');
  
      return $self->{CFLAGS} = qq{
  CCFLAGS = $self->{CCFLAGS}
  OPTIMIZE = $self->{OPTIMIZE}
  PERLTYPE = $self->{PERLTYPE}
  };
  
  }
  
  =item make_type
  
  Returns a suitable string describing the type of makefile being written.
  
  =cut
  
  sub make_type {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $make = $self->make;
      $make = +( File::Spec->splitpath( $make ) )[-1];
      $make =~ s!\.exe$!!i;
      if ( $make =~ m![^A-Z0-9]!i ) {
        ($make) = grep { m!make!i } split m![^A-Z0-9]!i, $make;
      }
      return "$make-style";
  }
  
  1;
  __END__
  
  =back
EXTUTILS_MM_WIN32

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MM_Win95.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MM_WIN95';
  package ExtUtils::MM_Win95;
  
  use strict;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require ExtUtils::MM_Win32;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Win32);
  
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    You should not be using this module directly.
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Win32 containing changes necessary
  to get MakeMaker playing nice with command.com and other Win9Xisms.
  
  =head2 Overridden methods
  
  Most of these make up for limitations in the Win9x/nmake command shell.
  
  =over 4
  
  
  =item max_exec_len
  
  Win98 chokes on things like Encode if we set the max length to nmake's max
  of 2K.  So we go for a more conservative value of 1K.
  
  =cut
  
  sub max_exec_len {
      my $self = shift;
  
      return $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} ||= 1024;
  }
  
  
  =item os_flavor
  
  Win95 and Win98 and WinME are collectively Win9x and Win32
  
  =cut
  
  sub os_flavor {
      my $self = shift;
      return ($self->SUPER::os_flavor, 'Win9x');
  }
  
  
  =back
  
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Code originally inside MM_Win32.  Original author unknown.
  
  Currently maintained by Michael G Schwern C<schwern@pobox.com>.
  
  Send patches and ideas to C<makemaker@perl.org>.
  
  See https://metacpan.org/release/ExtUtils-MakeMaker.
  
  =cut
  
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MM_WIN95

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MY.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MY';
  package ExtUtils::MY;
  
  use strict;
  require ExtUtils::MM;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM);
  
  {
      package MY;
      our @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MY);
  }
  
  sub DESTROY {}
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    # in your Makefile.PL
    sub MY::whatever {
        ...
    }
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  B<FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY>
  
  ExtUtils::MY is a subclass of ExtUtils::MM.  Its provided in your
  Makefile.PL for you to add and override MakeMaker functionality.
  
  It also provides a convenient alias via the MY class.
  
  ExtUtils::MY might turn out to be a temporary solution, but MY won't
  go away.
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_MY

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER';
  # $Id$
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
  
  use strict;
  
  BEGIN {require 5.006;}
  
  require Exporter;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version; # ensure we always have our fake version.pm
  use Carp;
  use File::Path;
  my $CAN_DECODE = eval { require ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale; }; # 2 birds, 1 stone
  eval { ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale::reinit('UTF-8') }
    if $CAN_DECODE and Encode::find_encoding('locale')->name eq 'ascii';
  
  our $Verbose = 0;       # exported
  our @Parent;            # needs to be localized
  our @Get_from_Config;   # referenced by MM_Unix
  our @MM_Sections;
  our @Overridable;
  my @Prepend_parent;
  my %Recognized_Att_Keys;
  our %macro_fsentity; # whether a macro is a filesystem name
  our %macro_dep; # whether a macro is a dependency
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;  ## no critic [BuiltinFunctions::ProhibitStringyEval]
  
  # Emulate something resembling CVS $Revision$
  (our $Revision = $VERSION) =~ s{_}{};
  $Revision = int $Revision * 10000;
  
  our $Filename = __FILE__;   # referenced outside MakeMaker
  
  our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
  our @EXPORT    = qw(&WriteMakefile $Verbose &prompt &os_unsupported);
  our @EXPORT_OK = qw($VERSION &neatvalue &mkbootstrap &mksymlists
                      &WriteEmptyMakefile &open_for_writing &write_file_via_tmp
                      &_sprintf562);
  
  # These will go away once the last of the Win32 & VMS specific code is
  # purged.
  my $Is_VMS     = $^O eq 'VMS';
  my $Is_Win32   = $^O eq 'MSWin32';
  our $UNDER_CORE = $ENV{PERL_CORE}; # needs to be our
  
  full_setup();
  
  require ExtUtils::MM;  # Things like CPAN assume loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker
                         # will give them MM.
  
  require ExtUtils::MY;  # XXX pre-5.8 versions of ExtUtils::Embed expect
                         # loading ExtUtils::MakeMaker will give them MY.
                         # This will go when Embed is its own CPAN module.
  
  
  # 5.6.2 can't do sprintf "%1$s" - this can only do %s
  sub _sprintf562 {
      my ($format, @args) = @_;
      for (my $i = 1; $i <= @args; $i++) {
          $format =~ s#%$i\$s#$args[$i-1]#g;
      }
      $format;
  }
  
  sub WriteMakefile {
      croak "WriteMakefile: Need even number of args" if @_ % 2;
  
      require ExtUtils::MY;
      my %att = @_;
  
      _convert_compat_attrs(\%att);
  
      _verify_att(\%att);
  
      my $mm = MM->new(\%att);
      $mm->flush;
  
      return $mm;
  }
  
  
  # Basic signatures of the attributes WriteMakefile takes.  Each is the
  # reference type.  Empty value indicate it takes a non-reference
  # scalar.
  my %Att_Sigs;
  my %Special_Sigs = (
   AUTHOR             => 'ARRAY',
   C                  => 'ARRAY',
   CONFIG             => 'ARRAY',
   CONFIGURE          => 'CODE',
   DIR                => 'ARRAY',
   DL_FUNCS           => 'HASH',
   DL_VARS            => 'ARRAY',
   EXCLUDE_EXT        => 'ARRAY',
   EXE_FILES          => 'ARRAY',
   FUNCLIST           => 'ARRAY',
   H                  => 'ARRAY',
   IMPORTS            => 'HASH',
   INCLUDE_EXT        => 'ARRAY',
   LIBS               => ['ARRAY',''],
   MAN1PODS           => 'HASH',
   MAN3PODS           => 'HASH',
   META_ADD           => 'HASH',
   META_MERGE         => 'HASH',
   OBJECT             => ['ARRAY', ''],
   PL_FILES           => 'HASH',
   PM                 => 'HASH',
   PMLIBDIRS          => 'ARRAY',
   PMLIBPARENTDIRS    => 'ARRAY',
   PREREQ_PM          => 'HASH',
   BUILD_REQUIRES     => 'HASH',
   CONFIGURE_REQUIRES => 'HASH',
   TEST_REQUIRES      => 'HASH',
   SKIP               => 'ARRAY',
   TYPEMAPS           => 'ARRAY',
   XS                 => 'HASH',
   XSBUILD            => 'HASH',
   VERSION            => ['version',''],
   _KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH  => '',
  
   clean      => 'HASH',
   depend     => 'HASH',
   dist       => 'HASH',
   dynamic_lib=> 'HASH',
   linkext    => 'HASH',
   macro      => 'HASH',
   postamble  => 'HASH',
   realclean  => 'HASH',
   test       => 'HASH',
   tool_autosplit => 'HASH',
  );
  
  @Att_Sigs{keys %Recognized_Att_Keys} = ('') x keys %Recognized_Att_Keys;
  @Att_Sigs{keys %Special_Sigs} = values %Special_Sigs;
  
  sub _convert_compat_attrs { #result of running several times should be same
      my($att) = @_;
      if (exists $att->{AUTHOR}) {
          if ($att->{AUTHOR}) {
              if (!ref($att->{AUTHOR})) {
                  my $t = $att->{AUTHOR};
                  $att->{AUTHOR} = [$t];
              }
          } else {
                  $att->{AUTHOR} = [];
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub _verify_att {
      my($att) = @_;
  
      foreach my $key (sort keys %$att) {
          my $val = $att->{$key};
          my $sig = $Att_Sigs{$key};
          unless( defined $sig ) {
              warn "WARNING: $key is not a known parameter.\n";
              next;
          }
  
          my @sigs   = ref $sig ? @$sig : $sig;
          my $given  = ref $val;
          unless( grep { _is_of_type($val, $_) } @sigs ) {
              my $takes = join " or ", map { _format_att($_) } @sigs;
  
              my $has = _format_att($given);
              warn "WARNING: $key takes a $takes not a $has.\n".
                   "         Please inform the author.\n";
          }
      }
  }
  
  
  # Check if a given thing is a reference or instance of $type
  sub _is_of_type {
      my($thing, $type) = @_;
  
      return 1 if ref $thing eq $type;
  
      local $SIG{__DIE__};
      return 1 if eval{ $thing->isa($type) };
  
      return 0;
  }
  
  
  sub _format_att {
      my $given = shift;
  
      return $given eq ''        ? "string/number"
           : uc $given eq $given ? "$given reference"
           :                       "$given object"
           ;
  }
  
  
  sub prompt ($;$) {  ## no critic
      my($mess, $def) = @_;
      confess("prompt function called without an argument")
          unless defined $mess;
  
      my $isa_tty = -t STDIN && (-t STDOUT || !(-f STDOUT || -c STDOUT)) ;
  
      my $dispdef = defined $def ? "[$def] " : " ";
      $def = defined $def ? $def : "";
  
      local $|=1;
      local $\;
      print "$mess $dispdef";
  
      my $ans;
      if ($ENV{PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT} || (!$isa_tty && eof STDIN)) {
          print "$def\n";
      }
      else {
          $ans = <STDIN>;
          if( defined $ans ) {
              $ans =~ s{\015?\012$}{};
          }
          else { # user hit ctrl-D
              print "\n";
          }
      }
  
      return (!defined $ans || $ans eq '') ? $def : $ans;
  }
  
  sub os_unsupported {
      die "OS unsupported\n";
  }
  
  sub eval_in_subdirs {
      my($self) = @_;
      use Cwd qw(cwd abs_path);
      my $pwd = cwd() || die "Can't figure out your cwd!";
  
      local @INC = map eval {abs_path($_) if -e} || $_, @INC;
      push @INC, '.';     # '.' has to always be at the end of @INC
  
      foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}){
          my($abs) = $self->catdir($pwd,$dir);
          eval { $self->eval_in_x($abs); };
          last if $@;
      }
      chdir $pwd;
      die $@ if $@;
  }
  
  sub eval_in_x {
      my($self,$dir) = @_;
      chdir $dir or carp("Couldn't change to directory $dir: $!");
  
      {
          package main;
          do './Makefile.PL';
      };
      if ($@) {
  #         if ($@ =~ /prerequisites/) {
  #             die "MakeMaker WARNING: $@";
  #         } else {
  #             warn "WARNING from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
  #         }
          die "ERROR from evaluation of $dir/Makefile.PL: $@";
      }
  }
  
  
  # package name for the classes into which the first object will be blessed
  my $PACKNAME = 'PACK000';
  
  sub full_setup {
      $Verbose ||= 0;
  
      my @dep_macros = qw/
      PERL_INCDEP        PERL_ARCHLIBDEP     PERL_ARCHIVEDEP
      /;
  
      my @fs_macros = qw/
      FULLPERL XSUBPPDIR
  
      INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR
      INSTALLDIRS
      DESTDIR PREFIX INSTALL_BASE
      PERLPREFIX      SITEPREFIX      VENDORPREFIX
      INSTALLPRIVLIB  INSTALLSITELIB  INSTALLVENDORLIB
      INSTALLARCHLIB  INSTALLSITEARCH INSTALLVENDORARCH
      INSTALLBIN      INSTALLSITEBIN  INSTALLVENDORBIN
      INSTALLMAN1DIR          INSTALLMAN3DIR
      INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR      INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
      INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR    INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
      INSTALLSCRIPT   INSTALLSITESCRIPT  INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
      PERL_LIB        PERL_ARCHLIB
      SITELIBEXP      SITEARCHEXP
  
      MAKE LIBPERL_A LIB PERL_SRC PERL_INC
      PPM_INSTALL_EXEC PPM_UNINSTALL_EXEC
      PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT
      /;
  
      my @attrib_help = qw/
  
      AUTHOR ABSTRACT ABSTRACT_FROM BINARY_LOCATION
      C CAPI CCFLAGS CONFIG CONFIGURE DEFINE DIR DISTNAME DISTVNAME
      DL_FUNCS DL_VARS
      EXCLUDE_EXT EXE_FILES FIRST_MAKEFILE
      FULLPERLRUN FULLPERLRUNINST
      FUNCLIST H IMPORTS
  
      INC INCLUDE_EXT LDFROM LIBS LICENSE
      LINKTYPE MAKEAPERL MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD MAN1PODS MAN3PODS MAP_TARGET
      META_ADD META_MERGE MIN_PERL_VERSION BUILD_REQUIRES CONFIGURE_REQUIRES
      MYEXTLIB NAME NEEDS_LINKING NOECHO NO_META NO_MYMETA NO_PACKLIST NO_PERLLOCAL
      NORECURS NO_VC OBJECT OPTIMIZE PERL_MALLOC_OK PERL PERLMAINCC PERLRUN
      PERLRUNINST PERL_CORE
      PERM_DIR PERM_RW PERM_RWX MAGICXS
      PL_FILES PM PM_FILTER PMLIBDIRS PMLIBPARENTDIRS POLLUTE
      PREREQ_FATAL PREREQ_PM PREREQ_PRINT PRINT_PREREQ
      SIGN SKIP TEST_REQUIRES TYPEMAPS UNINST VERSION VERSION_FROM XS
      XSBUILD XSMULTI XSOPT XSPROTOARG XS_VERSION
      clean depend dist dynamic_lib linkext macro realclean tool_autosplit
  
      MAN1EXT MAN3EXT
  
      MACPERL_SRC MACPERL_LIB MACLIBS_68K MACLIBS_PPC MACLIBS_SC MACLIBS_MRC
      MACLIBS_ALL_68K MACLIBS_ALL_PPC MACLIBS_SHARED
          /;
      push @attrib_help, @fs_macros;
      @macro_fsentity{@fs_macros, @dep_macros} = (1) x (@fs_macros+@dep_macros);
      @macro_dep{@dep_macros} = (1) x @dep_macros;
  
      # IMPORTS is used under OS/2 and Win32
  
      # @Overridable is close to @MM_Sections but not identical.  The
      # order is important. Many subroutines declare macros. These
      # depend on each other. Let's try to collect the macros up front,
      # then pasthru, then the rules.
  
      # MM_Sections are the sections we have to call explicitly
      # in Overridable we have subroutines that are used indirectly
  
  
      @MM_Sections =
          qw(
  
   post_initialize const_config constants platform_constants
   tool_autosplit tool_xsubpp tools_other
  
   makemakerdflt
  
   dist macro depend cflags const_loadlibs const_cccmd
   post_constants
  
   pasthru
  
   special_targets
   c_o xs_c xs_o
   top_targets blibdirs linkext dlsyms dynamic_bs dynamic
   dynamic_lib static static_lib manifypods processPL
   installbin subdirs
   clean_subdirs clean realclean_subdirs realclean
   metafile signature
   dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci distmeta distsignature
   install force perldepend makefile staticmake test ppd
  
            ); # loses section ordering
  
      @Overridable = @MM_Sections;
      push @Overridable, qw[
  
   libscan makeaperl needs_linking
   subdir_x test_via_harness test_via_script
  
   init_VERSION init_dist init_INST init_INSTALL init_DEST init_dirscan
   init_PM init_MANPODS init_xs init_PERL init_DIRFILESEP init_linker
                           ];
  
      push @MM_Sections, qw[
  
   pm_to_blib selfdocument
  
                           ];
  
      # Postamble needs to be the last that was always the case
      push @MM_Sections, "postamble";
      push @Overridable, "postamble";
  
      # All sections are valid keys.
      @Recognized_Att_Keys{@MM_Sections} = (1) x @MM_Sections;
  
      # we will use all these variables in the Makefile
      @Get_from_Config =
          qw(
             ar cc cccdlflags ccdlflags dlext dlsrc exe_ext full_ar ld
             lddlflags ldflags libc lib_ext obj_ext osname osvers ranlib
             sitelibexp sitearchexp so
            );
  
      # 5.5.3 doesn't have any concept of vendor libs
      push @Get_from_Config, qw( vendorarchexp vendorlibexp ) if $] >= 5.006;
  
      foreach my $item (@attrib_help){
          $Recognized_Att_Keys{$item} = 1;
      }
      foreach my $item (@Get_from_Config) {
          $Recognized_Att_Keys{uc $item} = $Config{$item};
          print "Attribute '\U$item\E' => '$Config{$item}'\n"
              if ($Verbose >= 2);
      }
  
      #
      # When we eval a Makefile.PL in a subdirectory, that one will ask
      # us (the parent) for the values and will prepend "..", so that
      # all files to be installed end up below OUR ./blib
      #
      @Prepend_parent = qw(
             INST_BIN INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB INST_SCRIPT
             MAP_TARGET INST_MAN1DIR INST_MAN3DIR PERL_SRC
             PERL FULLPERL
      );
  }
  
  sub _has_cpan_meta_requirements {
      return eval {
        require CPAN::Meta::Requirements;
        CPAN::Meta::Requirements->VERSION(2.130);
        require B; # CMR requires this, for core we have to too.
      };
  }
  
  sub new {
      my($class,$self) = @_;
      my($key);
  
      _convert_compat_attrs($self) if defined $self && $self;
  
      # Store the original args passed to WriteMakefile()
      foreach my $k (keys %$self) {
          $self->{ARGS}{$k} = $self->{$k};
      }
  
      $self = {} unless defined $self;
  
      # Temporarily bless it into MM so it can be used as an
      # object.  It will be blessed into a temp package later.
      bless $self, "MM";
  
      # Cleanup all the module requirement bits
      my %key2cmr;
      for my $key (qw(PREREQ_PM BUILD_REQUIRES CONFIGURE_REQUIRES TEST_REQUIRES)) {
          $self->{$key}      ||= {};
          if (_has_cpan_meta_requirements) {
              my $cmr = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->from_string_hash(
                  $self->{$key},
                  {
                    bad_version_hook => sub {
                      #no warnings 'numeric'; # module doesn't use warnings
                      my $fallback;
                      if ( $_[0] =~ m!^[-+]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$! ) {
                        $fallback = sprintf "%f", $_[0];
                      } else {
                        ($fallback) = $_[0] ? ($_[0] =~ /^([0-9.]+)/) : 0;
                        $fallback += 0;
                        carp "Unparsable version '$_[0]' for prerequisite $_[1] treated as $fallback";
                      }
                      version->new($fallback);
                    },
                  },
              );
              $self->{$key} = $cmr->as_string_hash;
              $key2cmr{$key} = $cmr;
          } else {
              for my $module (sort keys %{ $self->{$key} }) {
                  my $version = $self->{$key}->{$module};
                  my $fallback = 0;
                  if (!defined($version) or !length($version)) {
                      carp "Undefined requirement for $module treated as '0' (CPAN::Meta::Requirements not available)";
                  }
                  elsif ($version =~ /^\d+(?:\.\d+(?:_\d+)*)?$/) {
                      next;
                  }
                  else {
                      if ( $version =~ m!^[-+]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$! ) {
                        $fallback = sprintf "%f", $version;
                      } else {
                        ($fallback) = $version ? ($version =~ /^([0-9.]+)/) : 0;
                        $fallback += 0;
                        carp "Unparsable version '$version' for prerequisite $module treated as $fallback (CPAN::Meta::Requirements not available)";
                      }
                  }
                  $self->{$key}->{$module} = $fallback;
              }
          }
      }
  
      if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPREREQ_PRINT\b/) {
          $self->_PREREQ_PRINT;
      }
  
      # PRINT_PREREQ is RedHatism.
      if ("@ARGV" =~ /\bPRINT_PREREQ\b/) {
          $self->_PRINT_PREREQ;
     }
  
      print "MakeMaker (v$VERSION)\n" if $Verbose;
      if (-f "MANIFEST" && ! -f "Makefile" && ! $UNDER_CORE){
          check_manifest();
      }
  
      check_hints($self);
  
      if ( defined $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}
            && $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} !~ /^v?[\d_\.]+$/ ) {
        require version;
        my $normal = eval {
          local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
              # simulate "use warnings FATAL => 'all'" for vintage perls
              die @_;
          };
          version->new( $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} )
        };
        $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} = $normal if defined $normal && !$@;
      }
  
      # Translate X.Y.Z to X.00Y00Z
      if( defined $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} ) {
          $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} =~ s{ ^v? (\d+) \. (\d+) \. (\d+) $ }
                                        {sprintf "%d.%03d%03d", $1, $2, $3}ex;
      }
  
      my $perl_version_ok = eval {
          local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
              # simulate "use warnings FATAL => 'all'" for vintage perls
              die @_;
          };
          !$self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} or $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION} <= $]
      };
      if (!$perl_version_ok) {
          if (!defined $perl_version_ok) {
              die <<'END';
  Warning: MIN_PERL_VERSION is not in a recognized format.
  Recommended is a quoted numerical value like '5.005' or '5.008001'.
  END
          }
          elsif ($self->{PREREQ_FATAL}) {
              die sprintf <<"END", $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}, $];
  MakeMaker FATAL: perl version too low for this distribution.
  Required is %s. We run %s.
  END
          }
          else {
              warn sprintf
                  "Warning: Perl version %s or higher required. We run %s.\n",
                  $self->{MIN_PERL_VERSION}, $];
          }
      }
  
      my %configure_att;         # record &{$self->{CONFIGURE}} attributes
      my(%initial_att) = %$self; # record initial attributes
  
      my(%unsatisfied) = ();
      my %prereq2version;
      my $cmr;
      if (_has_cpan_meta_requirements) {
          $cmr = CPAN::Meta::Requirements->new;
          for my $key (qw(PREREQ_PM BUILD_REQUIRES CONFIGURE_REQUIRES TEST_REQUIRES)) {
              $cmr->add_requirements($key2cmr{$key}) if $key2cmr{$key};
          }
          foreach my $prereq ($cmr->required_modules) {
              $prereq2version{$prereq} = $cmr->requirements_for_module($prereq);
          }
      } else {
          for my $key (qw(PREREQ_PM BUILD_REQUIRES CONFIGURE_REQUIRES TEST_REQUIRES)) {
              next unless my $module2version = $self->{$key};
              $prereq2version{$_} = $module2version->{$_} for keys %$module2version;
          }
      }
      foreach my $prereq (sort keys %prereq2version) {
          my $required_version = $prereq2version{$prereq};
  
          my $pr_version = 0;
          my $installed_file;
  
          if ( $prereq eq 'perl' ) {
            if ( defined $required_version && $required_version =~ /^v?[\d_\.]+$/
                 || $required_version !~ /^v?[\d_\.]+$/ ) {
              require version;
              my $normal = eval { version->new( $required_version ) };
              $required_version = $normal if defined $normal;
            }
            $installed_file = $prereq;
            $pr_version = $];
          }
          else {
            $installed_file = MM->_installed_file_for_module($prereq);
            $pr_version = MM->parse_version($installed_file) if $installed_file;
            $pr_version = 0 if $pr_version eq 'undef';
            if ( !eval { version->new( $pr_version ); 1 } ) {
              #no warnings 'numeric'; # module doesn't use warnings
              my $fallback;
              if ( $pr_version =~ m!^[-+]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$! ) {
                $fallback = sprintf '%f', $pr_version;
              } else {
                ($fallback) = $pr_version ? ($pr_version =~ /^([0-9.]+)/) : 0;
                $fallback += 0;
                carp "Unparsable version '$pr_version' for installed prerequisite $prereq treated as $fallback";
              }
              $pr_version = $fallback;
            }
          }
  
          # convert X.Y_Z alpha version #s to X.YZ for easier comparisons
          $pr_version =~ s/(\d+)\.(\d+)_(\d+)/$1.$2$3/;
  
          if (!$installed_file) {
              warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found.\n",
                $prereq, $required_version
                     unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}
                         or $UNDER_CORE;
  
              $unsatisfied{$prereq} = 'not installed';
          }
          elsif (
              $cmr
                  ? !$cmr->accepts_module($prereq, $pr_version)
                  : $required_version > $pr_version
          ) {
              warn sprintf "Warning: prerequisite %s %s not found. We have %s.\n",
                $prereq, $required_version, ($pr_version || 'unknown version')
                    unless $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}
                         or $UNDER_CORE;
  
              $unsatisfied{$prereq} = $required_version || 'unknown version' ;
          }
      }
  
      if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
          my $failedprereqs = join "\n", map {"    $_ $unsatisfied{$_}"}
                              sort { $a cmp $b } keys %unsatisfied;
          die <<"END";
  MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found.
  $failedprereqs
  
  Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.
  END
      }
  
      if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
          if (ref $self->{CONFIGURE} eq 'CODE') {
              %configure_att = %{&{$self->{CONFIGURE}}};
              _convert_compat_attrs(\%configure_att);
              $self = { %$self, %configure_att };
          } else {
              croak "Attribute 'CONFIGURE' to WriteMakefile() not a code reference\n";
          }
      }
  
      my $newclass = ++$PACKNAME;
      local @Parent = @Parent;    # Protect against non-local exits
      {
          print "Blessing Object into class [$newclass]\n" if $Verbose>=2;
          mv_all_methods("MY",$newclass);
          bless $self, $newclass;
          push @Parent, $self;
          require ExtUtils::MY;
  
          no strict 'refs';   ## no critic;
          @{"$newclass\:\:ISA"} = 'MM';
      }
  
      if (defined $Parent[-2]){
          $self->{PARENT} = $Parent[-2];
          for my $key (@Prepend_parent) {
              next unless defined $self->{PARENT}{$key};
  
              # Don't stomp on WriteMakefile() args.
              next if defined $self->{ARGS}{$key} and
                      $self->{ARGS}{$key} eq $self->{$key};
  
              $self->{$key} = $self->{PARENT}{$key};
  
              if ($Is_VMS && $key =~ /PERL$/) {
                  # PERL or FULLPERL will be a command verb or even a
                  # command with an argument instead of a full file
                  # specification under VMS.  So, don't turn the command
                  # into a filespec, but do add a level to the path of
                  # the argument if not already absolute.
                  my @cmd = split /\s+/, $self->{$key};
                  $cmd[1] = $self->catfile('[-]',$cmd[1])
                    unless (@cmd < 2) || $self->file_name_is_absolute($cmd[1]);
                  $self->{$key} = join(' ', @cmd);
              } else {
                  my $value = $self->{$key};
                  # not going to test in FS so only stripping start
                  $value =~ s/^"// if $key =~ /PERL$/;
                  $value = $self->catdir("..", $value)
                    unless $self->file_name_is_absolute($value);
                  $value = qq{"$value} if $key =~ /PERL$/;
                  $self->{$key} = $value;
              }
          }
          if ($self->{PARENT}) {
              $self->{PARENT}->{CHILDREN}->{$newclass} = $self;
              foreach my $opt (qw(POLLUTE PERL_CORE LINKTYPE LD OPTIMIZE)) {
                  if (exists $self->{PARENT}->{$opt}
                      and not exists $self->{$opt})
                      {
                          # inherit, but only if already unspecified
                          $self->{$opt} = $self->{PARENT}->{$opt};
                      }
              }
          }
          my @fm = grep /^FIRST_MAKEFILE=/, @ARGV;
          parse_args($self,@fm) if @fm;
      }
      else {
          parse_args($self, _shellwords($ENV{PERL_MM_OPT} || ''),@ARGV);
      }
  
      # RT#91540 PREREQ_FATAL not recognized on command line
      if (%unsatisfied && $self->{PREREQ_FATAL}){
          my $failedprereqs = join "\n", map {"    $_ $unsatisfied{$_}"}
                              sort { $a cmp $b } keys %unsatisfied;
          die <<"END";
  MakeMaker FATAL: prerequisites not found.
  $failedprereqs
  
  Please install these modules first and rerun 'perl Makefile.PL'.
  END
      }
  
      $self->{NAME} ||= $self->guess_name;
  
      warn "Warning: NAME must be a package name\n"
        unless $self->{NAME} =~ m!^[A-Z_a-z][0-9A-Z_a-z]*(?:::[0-9A-Z_a-z]+)*$!;
  
      ($self->{NAME_SYM} = $self->{NAME}) =~ s/\W+/_/g;
  
      $self->init_MAKE;
      $self->init_main;
      $self->init_VERSION;
      $self->init_dist;
      $self->init_INST;
      $self->init_INSTALL;
      $self->init_DEST;
      $self->init_dirscan;
      $self->init_PM;
      $self->init_MANPODS;
      $self->init_xs;
      $self->init_PERL;
      $self->init_DIRFILESEP;
      $self->init_linker;
      $self->init_ABSTRACT;
  
      $self->arch_check(
          $INC{'Config.pm'},
          $self->catfile($Config{'archlibexp'}, "Config.pm")
      );
  
      $self->init_tools();
      $self->init_others();
      $self->init_platform();
      $self->init_PERM();
      my @args = @ARGV;
      @args = map { Encode::decode(locale => $_) } @args if $CAN_DECODE;
      my($argv) = neatvalue(\@args);
      $argv =~ s/^\[/(/;
      $argv =~ s/\]$/)/;
  
      push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
  # This Makefile is for the $self->{NAME} extension to perl.
  #
  # It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version
  # $VERSION (Revision: $Revision) from the contents of
  # Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead.
  #
  #       ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST!
  #
  #   MakeMaker ARGV: $argv
  #
  END
  
      push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->_MakeMaker_Parameters_section(\%initial_att);
  
      if (defined $self->{CONFIGURE}) {
         push @{$self->{RESULT}}, <<END;
  
  #   MakeMaker 'CONFIGURE' Parameters:
  END
          if (scalar(keys %configure_att) > 0) {
              foreach my $key (sort keys %configure_att){
                 next if $key eq 'ARGS';
                 my($v) = neatvalue($configure_att{$key});
                 $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
                 $v =~ tr/\n/ /s;
                 push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "#     $key => $v";
              }
          }
          else
          {
             push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# no values returned";
          }
          undef %configure_att;  # free memory
      }
  
      # turn the SKIP array into a SKIPHASH hash
      for my $skip (@{$self->{SKIP} || []}) {
          $self->{SKIPHASH}{$skip} = 1;
      }
      delete $self->{SKIP}; # free memory
  
      if ($self->{PARENT}) {
          for (qw/install dist dist_basics dist_core distdir dist_test dist_ci/) {
              $self->{SKIPHASH}{$_} = 1;
          }
      }
  
      # We run all the subdirectories now. They don't have much to query
      # from the parent, but the parent has to query them: if they need linking!
      unless ($self->{NORECURS}) {
          $self->eval_in_subdirs if @{$self->{DIR}};
      }
  
      foreach my $section ( @MM_Sections ){
          # Support for new foo_target() methods.
          my $method = $section;
          $method .= '_target' unless $self->can($method);
  
          print "Processing Makefile '$section' section\n" if ($Verbose >= 2);
          my($skipit) = $self->skipcheck($section);
          if ($skipit){
              push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section $skipit.";
          } else {
              my(%a) = %{$self->{$section} || {}};
              push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# --- MakeMaker $section section:";
              push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "# " . join ", ", %a if $Verbose && %a;
              push @{$self->{RESULT}}, $self->maketext_filter(
                  $self->$method( %a )
              );
          }
      }
  
      push @{$self->{RESULT}}, "\n# End.";
  
      $self;
  }
  
  sub WriteEmptyMakefile {
      croak "WriteEmptyMakefile: Need an even number of args" if @_ % 2;
  
      my %att = @_;
      $att{DIR} = [] unless $att{DIR}; # don't recurse by default
      my $self = MM->new(\%att);
  
      my $new = $self->{MAKEFILE};
      my $old = $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD};
      if (-f $old) {
          _unlink($old) or warn "unlink $old: $!";
      }
      if ( -f $new ) {
          _rename($new, $old) or warn "rename $new => $old: $!"
      }
      open my $mfh, '>', $new or die "open $new for write: $!";
      print $mfh <<'EOP';
  all :
  
  manifypods :
  
  subdirs :
  
  dynamic :
  
  static :
  
  clean :
  
  install :
  
  makemakerdflt :
  
  test :
  
  test_dynamic :
  
  test_static :
  
  EOP
      close $mfh or die "close $new for write: $!";
  }
  
  
  =begin private
  
  =head3 _installed_file_for_module
  
    my $file = MM->_installed_file_for_module($module);
  
  Return the first installed .pm $file associated with the $module.  The
  one which will show up when you C<use $module>.
  
  $module is something like "strict" or "Test::More".
  
  =end private
  
  =cut
  
  sub _installed_file_for_module {
      my $class  = shift;
      my $prereq = shift;
  
      my $file = "$prereq.pm";
      $file =~ s{::}{/}g;
  
      my $path;
      for my $dir (@INC) {
          my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $file);
          if ( -r $tmp ) {
              $path = $tmp;
              last;
          }
      }
  
      return $path;
  }
  
  
  # Extracted from MakeMaker->new so we can test it
  sub _MakeMaker_Parameters_section {
      my $self = shift;
      my $att  = shift;
  
      my @result = <<'END';
  #   MakeMaker Parameters:
  END
  
      foreach my $key (sort keys %$att){
          next if $key eq 'ARGS';
          my $v;
          if ($key eq 'PREREQ_PM') {
              # CPAN.pm takes prereqs from this field in 'Makefile'
              # and does not know about BUILD_REQUIRES
              $v = neatvalue({
                  %{ $att->{PREREQ_PM} || {} },
                  %{ $att->{BUILD_REQUIRES} || {} },
                  %{ $att->{TEST_REQUIRES} || {} },
              });
          } else {
              $v = neatvalue($att->{$key});
          }
  
          $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
          $v =~ tr/\n/ /s;
          push @result, "#     $key => $v";
      }
  
      return @result;
  }
  
  # _shellwords and _parseline borrowed from Text::ParseWords
  sub _shellwords {
      my (@lines) = @_;
      my @allwords;
  
      foreach my $line (@lines) {
        $line =~ s/^\s+//;
        my @words = _parse_line('\s+', 0, $line);
        pop @words if (@words and !defined $words[-1]);
        return() unless (@words || !length($line));
        push(@allwords, @words);
      }
      return(@allwords);
  }
  
  sub _parse_line {
      my($delimiter, $keep, $line) = @_;
      my($word, @pieces);
  
      no warnings 'uninitialized';  # we will be testing undef strings
  
      while (length($line)) {
          # This pattern is optimised to be stack conservative on older perls.
          # Do not refactor without being careful and testing it on very long strings.
          # See Perl bug #42980 for an example of a stack busting input.
          $line =~ s/^
                      (?:
                          # double quoted string
                          (")                             # $quote
                          ((?>[^\\"]*(?:\\.[^\\"]*)*))"   # $quoted
          | # --OR--
                          # singe quoted string
                          (')                             # $quote
                          ((?>[^\\']*(?:\\.[^\\']*)*))'   # $quoted
                      |   # --OR--
                          # unquoted string
              (                               # $unquoted
                              (?:\\.|[^\\"'])*?
                          )
                          # followed by
              (                               # $delim
                              \Z(?!\n)                    # EOL
                          |   # --OR--
                              (?-x:$delimiter)            # delimiter
                          |   # --OR--
                              (?!^)(?=["'])               # a quote
                          )
          )//xs or return;    # extended layout
          my ($quote, $quoted, $unquoted, $delim) = (($1 ? ($1,$2) : ($3,$4)), $5, $6);
  
  
    return() unless( defined($quote) || length($unquoted) || length($delim));
  
          if ($keep) {
        $quoted = "$quote$quoted$quote";
    }
          else {
        $unquoted =~ s/\\(.)/$1/sg;
        if (defined $quote) {
      $quoted =~ s/\\(.)/$1/sg if ($quote eq '"');
      #$quoted =~ s/\\([\\'])/$1/g if ( $PERL_SINGLE_QUOTE && $quote eq "'");
              }
    }
          $word .= substr($line, 0, 0); # leave results tainted
          $word .= defined $quote ? $quoted : $unquoted;
  
          if (length($delim)) {
              push(@pieces, $word);
              push(@pieces, $delim) if ($keep eq 'delimiters');
              undef $word;
          }
          if (!length($line)) {
              push(@pieces, $word);
    }
      }
      return(@pieces);
  }
  
  sub check_manifest {
      print "Checking if your kit is complete...\n";
      require ExtUtils::Manifest;
      # avoid warning
      $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = $ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet = 1;
      my(@missed) = ExtUtils::Manifest::manicheck();
      if (@missed) {
          print "Warning: the following files are missing in your kit:\n";
          print "\t", join "\n\t", @missed;
          print "\n";
          print "Please inform the author.\n";
      } else {
          print "Looks good\n";
      }
  }
  
  sub parse_args{
      my($self, @args) = @_;
      @args = map { Encode::decode(locale => $_) } @args if $CAN_DECODE;
      foreach (@args) {
          unless (m/(.*?)=(.*)/) {
              ++$Verbose if m/^verb/;
              next;
          }
          my($name, $value) = ($1, $2);
          if ($value =~ m/^~(\w+)?/) { # tilde with optional username
              $value =~ s [^~(\w*)]
                  [$1 ?
                   ((getpwnam($1))[7] || "~$1") :
                   (getpwuid($>))[7]
                   ]ex;
          }
  
          # Remember the original args passed it.  It will be useful later.
          $self->{ARGS}{uc $name} = $self->{uc $name} = $value;
      }
  
      # catch old-style 'potential_libs' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
      if (defined $self->{potential_libs}){
          my($msg)="'potential_libs' => '$self->{potential_libs}' should be";
          if ($self->{potential_libs}){
              print "$msg changed to:\n\t'LIBS' => ['$self->{potential_libs}']\n";
          } else {
              print "$msg deleted.\n";
          }
          $self->{LIBS} = [$self->{potential_libs}];
          delete $self->{potential_libs};
      }
      # catch old-style 'ARMAYBE' and inform user how to 'upgrade'
      if (defined $self->{ARMAYBE}){
          my($armaybe) = $self->{ARMAYBE};
          print "ARMAYBE => '$armaybe' should be changed to:\n",
                          "\t'dynamic_lib' => {ARMAYBE => '$armaybe'}\n";
          my(%dl) = %{$self->{dynamic_lib} || {}};
          $self->{dynamic_lib} = { %dl, ARMAYBE => $armaybe};
          delete $self->{ARMAYBE};
      }
      if (defined $self->{LDTARGET}){
          print "LDTARGET should be changed to LDFROM\n";
          $self->{LDFROM} = $self->{LDTARGET};
          delete $self->{LDTARGET};
      }
      # Turn a DIR argument on the command line into an array
      if (defined $self->{DIR} && ref \$self->{DIR} eq 'SCALAR') {
          # So they can choose from the command line, which extensions they want
          # the grep enables them to have some colons too much in case they
          # have to build a list with the shell
          $self->{DIR} = [grep $_, split ":", $self->{DIR}];
      }
      # Turn a INCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
      if (defined $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{INCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
          $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{INCLUDE_EXT}];
      }
      # Turn a EXCLUDE_EXT argument on the command line into an array
      if (defined $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} && ref \$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} eq 'SCALAR') {
          $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} = [grep $_, split '\s+', $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}];
      }
  
      foreach my $mmkey (sort keys %$self){
          next if $mmkey eq 'ARGS';
          print "  $mmkey => ", neatvalue($self->{$mmkey}), "\n" if $Verbose;
          print "'$mmkey' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.\n"
              unless exists $Recognized_Att_Keys{$mmkey};
      }
      $| = 1 if $Verbose;
  }
  
  sub check_hints {
      my($self) = @_;
      # We allow extension-specific hints files.
  
      require File::Spec;
      my $curdir = File::Spec->curdir;
  
      my $hint_dir = File::Spec->catdir($curdir, "hints");
      return unless -d $hint_dir;
  
      # First we look for the best hintsfile we have
      my($hint)="${^O}_$Config{osvers}";
      $hint =~ s/\./_/g;
      $hint =~ s/_$//;
      return unless $hint;
  
      # Also try without trailing minor version numbers.
      while (1) {
          last if -f File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl");  # found
      } continue {
          last unless $hint =~ s/_[^_]*$//; # nothing to cut off
      }
      my $hint_file = File::Spec->catfile($hint_dir, "$hint.pl");
  
      return unless -f $hint_file;    # really there
  
      _run_hintfile($self, $hint_file);
  }
  
  sub _run_hintfile {
      our $self;
      local($self) = shift;       # make $self available to the hint file.
      my($hint_file) = shift;
  
      local($@, $!);
      print "Processing hints file $hint_file\n" if $Verbose;
  
      # Just in case the ./ isn't on the hint file, which File::Spec can
      # often strip off, we bung the curdir into @INC
      local @INC = (File::Spec->curdir, @INC);
      my $ret = do $hint_file;
      if( !defined $ret ) {
          my $error = $@ || $!;
          warn $error;
      }
  }
  
  sub mv_all_methods {
      my($from,$to) = @_;
      local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
          # can't use 'no warnings redefined', 5.6 only
          warn @_ unless $_[0] =~ /^Subroutine .* redefined/
      };
      foreach my $method (@Overridable) {
          next unless defined &{"${from}::$method"};
          no strict 'refs';   ## no critic
          *{"${to}::$method"} = \&{"${from}::$method"};
  
          # If we delete a method, then it will be undefined and cannot
          # be called.  But as long as we have Makefile.PLs that rely on
          # %MY:: being intact, we have to fill the hole with an
          # inheriting method:
  
          {
              package MY;
              my $super = "SUPER::".$method;
              *{$method} = sub {
                  shift->$super(@_);
              };
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub skipcheck {
      my($self) = shift;
      my($section) = @_;
      return 'skipped' if $section eq 'metafile' && $UNDER_CORE;
      if ($section eq 'dynamic') {
          print "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
          "in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
              if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
          print "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'dynamic' depends on targets ",
          "in skipped section 'dynamic_lib'\n"
              if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_lib} && $Verbose;
      }
      if ($section eq 'dynamic_lib') {
          print "Warning (non-fatal): Target '\$(INST_DYNAMIC)' depends on ",
          "targets in skipped section 'dynamic_bs'\n"
              if $self->{SKIPHASH}{dynamic_bs} && $Verbose;
      }
      if ($section eq 'static') {
          print "Warning (non-fatal): Target 'static' depends on targets ",
          "in skipped section 'static_lib'\n"
              if $self->{SKIPHASH}{static_lib} && $Verbose;
      }
      return 'skipped' if $self->{SKIPHASH}{$section};
      return '';
  }
  
  # returns filehandle, dies on fail. :raw so no :crlf
  sub open_for_writing {
      my ($file) = @_;
      open my $fh ,">", $file or die "Unable to open $file: $!";
      my @layers = ':raw';
      push @layers, join ' ', ':encoding(locale)' if $CAN_DECODE;
      binmode $fh, join ' ', @layers;
      $fh;
  }
  
  sub flush {
      my $self = shift;
  
      my $finalname = $self->{MAKEFILE};
      printf "Generating a %s %s\n", $self->make_type, $finalname if $Verbose || !$self->{PARENT};
      print "Writing $finalname for $self->{NAME}\n" if $Verbose || !$self->{PARENT};
  
      unlink($finalname, "MakeMaker.tmp", $Is_VMS ? 'Descrip.MMS' : ());
  
      write_file_via_tmp($finalname, $self->{RESULT});
  
      # Write MYMETA.yml to communicate metadata up to the CPAN clients
      print "Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json\n"
        if !$self->{NO_MYMETA} and $self->write_mymeta( $self->mymeta );
  
      # save memory
      if ($self->{PARENT} && !$self->{_KEEP_AFTER_FLUSH}) {
          my %keep = map { ($_ => 1) } qw(NEEDS_LINKING HAS_LINK_CODE);
          delete $self->{$_} for grep !$keep{$_}, keys %$self;
      }
  
      system("$Config::Config{eunicefix} $finalname")
        if $Config::Config{eunicefix} ne ":";
  
      return;
  }
  
  sub write_file_via_tmp {
      my ($finalname, $contents) = @_;
      my $fh = open_for_writing("MakeMaker.tmp");
      die "write_file_via_tmp: 2nd arg must be ref" unless ref $contents;
      for my $chunk (@$contents) {
          my $to_write = $chunk;
          utf8::encode $to_write if !$CAN_DECODE && $] > 5.008;
          print $fh "$to_write\n" or die "Can't write to MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
      }
      close $fh or die "Can't write to MakeMaker.tmp: $!";
      _rename("MakeMaker.tmp", $finalname) or
        warn "rename MakeMaker.tmp => $finalname: $!";
      chmod 0644, $finalname if !$Is_VMS;
      return;
  }
  
  # This is a rename for OS's where the target must be unlinked first.
  sub _rename {
      my($src, $dest) = @_;
      _unlink($dest);
      return rename $src, $dest;
  }
  
  # This is an unlink for OS's where the target must be writable first.
  sub _unlink {
      my @files = @_;
      chmod 0666, @files;
      return unlink @files;
  }
  
  
  # The following mkbootstrap() is only for installations that are calling
  # the pre-4.1 mkbootstrap() from their old Makefiles. This MakeMaker
  # writes Makefiles, that use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap directly.
  sub mkbootstrap {
      die <<END;
  !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
  !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker.   !!!
  !!! Please rebuild your Makefile                       !!!
  END
  }
  
  # Ditto for mksymlists() as of MakeMaker 5.17
  sub mksymlists {
      die <<END;
  !!! Your Makefile has been built such a long time ago, !!!
  !!! that is unlikely to work with current MakeMaker.   !!!
  !!! Please rebuild your Makefile                       !!!
  END
  }
  
  sub neatvalue {
      my($v) = @_;
      return "undef" unless defined $v;
      my($t) = ref $v;
      return "q[$v]" unless $t;
      if ($t eq 'ARRAY') {
          my(@m, @neat);
          push @m, "[";
          foreach my $elem (@$v) {
              push @neat, "q[$elem]";
          }
          push @m, join ", ", @neat;
          push @m, "]";
          return join "", @m;
      }
      return $v unless $t eq 'HASH';
      my(@m, $key, $val);
      for my $key (sort keys %$v) {
          last unless defined $key; # cautious programming in case (undef,undef) is true
          push @m,"$key=>".neatvalue($v->{$key});
      }
      return "{ ".join(', ',@m)." }";
  }
  
  sub _find_magic_vstring {
      my $value = shift;
      return $value if $UNDER_CORE;
      my $tvalue = '';
      require B;
      my $sv = B::svref_2object(\$value);
      my $magic = ref($sv) eq 'B::PVMG' ? $sv->MAGIC : undef;
      while ( $magic ) {
          if ( $magic->TYPE eq 'V' ) {
              $tvalue = $magic->PTR;
              $tvalue =~ s/^v?(.+)$/v$1/;
              last;
          }
          else {
              $magic = $magic->MOREMAGIC;
          }
      }
      return $tvalue;
  }
  
  sub selfdocument {
      my($self) = @_;
      my(@m);
      if ($Verbose){
          push @m, "\n# Full list of MakeMaker attribute values:";
          foreach my $key (sort keys %$self){
              next if $key eq 'RESULT' || $key =~ /^[A-Z][a-z]/;
              my($v) = neatvalue($self->{$key});
              $v =~ s/(CODE|HASH|ARRAY|SCALAR)\([\dxa-f]+\)/$1\(...\)/;
              $v =~ tr/\n/ /s;
              push @m, "# $key => $v";
          }
      }
      # added here as selfdocument is not overridable
      push @m, <<'EOF';
  
  # here so even if top_targets is overridden, these will still be defined
  # gmake will silently still work if any are .PHONY-ed but nmake won't
  EOF
      push @m, join "\n", map "$_ ::\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n",
          # config is so manifypods won't puke if no subdirs
          grep !$self->{SKIPHASH}{$_},
          qw(static dynamic config);
      join "\n", @m;
  }
  
  1;
  
  __END__
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
  
    WriteMakefile(
        NAME              => "Foo::Bar",
        VERSION_FROM      => "lib/Foo/Bar.pm",
    );
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  This utility is designed to write a Makefile for an extension module
  from a Makefile.PL. It is based on the Makefile.SH model provided by
  Andy Dougherty and the perl5-porters.
  
  It splits the task of generating the Makefile into several subroutines
  that can be individually overridden.  Each subroutine returns the text
  it wishes to have written to the Makefile.
  
  As there are various Make programs with incompatible syntax, which
  use operating system shells, again with incompatible syntax, it is
  important for users of this module to know which flavour of Make
  a Makefile has been written for so they'll use the correct one and
  won't have to face the possibly bewildering errors resulting from
  using the wrong one.
  
  On POSIX systems, that program will likely be GNU Make; on Microsoft
  Windows, it will be either Microsoft NMake, DMake or GNU Make.
  See the section on the L</"MAKE"> parameter for details.
  
  ExtUtils::MakeMaker (EUMM) is object oriented. Each directory below the current
  directory that contains a Makefile.PL is treated as a separate
  object. This makes it possible to write an unlimited number of
  Makefiles with a single invocation of WriteMakefile().
  
  All inputs to WriteMakefile are Unicode characters, not just octets. EUMM
  seeks to handle all of these correctly. It is currently still not possible
  to portably use Unicode characters in module names, because this requires
  Perl to handle Unicode filenames, which is not yet the case on Windows.
  
  =head2 How To Write A Makefile.PL
  
  See L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial>.
  
  The long answer is the rest of the manpage :-)
  
  =head2 Default Makefile Behaviour
  
  The generated Makefile enables the user of the extension to invoke
  
    perl Makefile.PL # optionally "perl Makefile.PL verbose"
    make
    make test        # optionally set TEST_VERBOSE=1
    make install     # See below
  
  The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
  form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
  
    perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=~
  
  Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
  
    make config     # to check if the Makefile is up-to-date
    make clean      # delete local temp files (Makefile gets renamed)
    make realclean  # delete derived files (including ./blib)
    make ci         # check in all the files in the MANIFEST file
    make dist       # see below the Distribution Support section
  
  =head2 make test
  
  MakeMaker checks for the existence of a file named F<test.pl> in the
  current directory, and if it exists it executes the script with the
  proper set of perl C<-I> options.
  
  MakeMaker also checks for any files matching glob("t/*.t"). It will
  execute all matching files in alphabetical order via the
  L<Test::Harness> module with the C<-I> switches set correctly.
  
  You can also organize your tests within subdirectories in the F<t/> directory.
  To do so, use the F<test> directive in your I<Makefile.PL>. For example, if you
  had tests in:
  
      t/foo
      t/foo/bar
  
  You could tell make to run tests in both of those directories with the
  following directives:
  
      test => {TESTS => 't/*/*.t t/*/*/*.t'}
      test => {TESTS => 't/foo/*.t t/foo/bar/*.t'}
  
  The first will run all test files in all first-level subdirectories and all
  subdirectories they contain. The second will run tests in only the F<t/foo>
  and F<t/foo/bar>.
  
  If you'd like to see the raw output of your tests, set the
  C<TEST_VERBOSE> variable to true.
  
    make test TEST_VERBOSE=1
  
  If you want to run particular test files, set the C<TEST_FILES> variable.
  It is possible to use globbing with this mechanism.
  
    make test TEST_FILES='t/foobar.t t/dagobah*.t'
  
  Windows users who are using C<nmake> should note that due to a bug in C<nmake>,
  when specifying C<TEST_FILES> you must use back-slashes instead of forward-slashes.
  
    nmake test TEST_FILES='t\foobar.t t\dagobah*.t'
  
  =head2 make testdb
  
  A useful variation of the above is the target C<testdb>. It runs the
  test under the Perl debugger (see L<perldebug>). If the file
  F<test.pl> exists in the current directory, it is used for the test.
  
  If you want to debug some other testfile, set the C<TEST_FILE> variable
  thusly:
  
    make testdb TEST_FILE=t/mytest.t
  
  By default the debugger is called using C<-d> option to perl. If you
  want to specify some other option, set the C<TESTDB_SW> variable:
  
    make testdb TESTDB_SW=-Dx
  
  =head2 make install
  
  make alone puts all relevant files into directories that are named by
  the macros INST_LIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_SCRIPT, INST_MAN1DIR and
  INST_MAN3DIR.  All these default to something below ./blib if you are
  I<not> building below the perl source directory. If you I<are>
  building below the perl source, INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB default to
  ../../lib, and INST_SCRIPT is not defined.
  
  The I<install> target of the generated Makefile copies the files found
  below each of the INST_* directories to their INSTALL*
  counterparts. Which counterparts are chosen depends on the setting of
  INSTALLDIRS according to the following table:
  
                                   INSTALLDIRS set to
                             perl        site          vendor
  
                   PERLPREFIX      SITEPREFIX          VENDORPREFIX
    INST_ARCHLIB   INSTALLARCHLIB  INSTALLSITEARCH     INSTALLVENDORARCH
    INST_LIB       INSTALLPRIVLIB  INSTALLSITELIB      INSTALLVENDORLIB
    INST_BIN       INSTALLBIN      INSTALLSITEBIN      INSTALLVENDORBIN
    INST_SCRIPT    INSTALLSCRIPT   INSTALLSITESCRIPT   INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
    INST_MAN1DIR   INSTALLMAN1DIR  INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR  INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
    INST_MAN3DIR   INSTALLMAN3DIR  INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR  INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
  
  The INSTALL... macros in turn default to their %Config
  ($Config{installprivlib}, $Config{installarchlib}, etc.) counterparts.
  
  You can check the values of these variables on your system with
  
      perl '-V:install.*'
  
  And to check the sequence in which the library directories are
  searched by perl, run
  
      perl -le 'print join $/, @INC'
  
  Sometimes older versions of the module you're installing live in other
  directories in @INC.  Because Perl loads the first version of a module it
  finds, not the newest, you might accidentally get one of these older
  versions even after installing a brand new version.  To delete I<all other
  versions of the module you're installing> (not simply older ones) set the
  C<UNINST> variable.
  
      make install UNINST=1
  
  
  =head2 INSTALL_BASE
  
  INSTALL_BASE can be passed into Makefile.PL to change where your
  module will be installed.  INSTALL_BASE is more like what everyone
  else calls "prefix" than PREFIX is.
  
  To have everything installed in your home directory, do the following.
  
      # Unix users, INSTALL_BASE=~ works fine
      perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=/path/to/your/home/dir
  
  Like PREFIX, it sets several INSTALL* attributes at once.  Unlike
  PREFIX it is easy to predict where the module will end up.  The
  installation pattern looks like this:
  
      INSTALLARCHLIB     INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5/$Config{archname}
      INSTALLPRIVLIB     INSTALL_BASE/lib/perl5
      INSTALLBIN         INSTALL_BASE/bin
      INSTALLSCRIPT      INSTALL_BASE/bin
      INSTALLMAN1DIR     INSTALL_BASE/man/man1
      INSTALLMAN3DIR     INSTALL_BASE/man/man3
  
  INSTALL_BASE in MakeMaker and C<--install_base> in Module::Build (as
  of 0.28) install to the same location.  If you want MakeMaker and
  Module::Build to install to the same location simply set INSTALL_BASE
  and C<--install_base> to the same location.
  
  INSTALL_BASE was added in 6.31.
  
  
  =head2 PREFIX and LIB attribute
  
  PREFIX and LIB can be used to set several INSTALL* attributes in one
  go.  Here's an example for installing into your home directory.
  
      # Unix users, PREFIX=~ works fine
      perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/path/to/your/home/dir
  
  This will install all files in the module under your home directory,
  with man pages and libraries going into an appropriate place (usually
  ~/man and ~/lib).  How the exact location is determined is complicated
  and depends on how your Perl was configured.  INSTALL_BASE works more
  like what other build systems call "prefix" than PREFIX and we
  recommend you use that instead.
  
  Another way to specify many INSTALL directories with a single
  parameter is LIB.
  
      perl Makefile.PL LIB=~/lib
  
  This will install the module's architecture-independent files into
  ~/lib, the architecture-dependent files into ~/lib/$archname.
  
  Note, that in both cases the tilde expansion is done by MakeMaker, not
  by perl by default, nor by make.
  
  Conflicts between parameters LIB, PREFIX and the various INSTALL*
  arguments are resolved so that:
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  setting LIB overrides any setting of INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
  INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH (and they are not affected by PREFIX);
  
  =item *
  
  without LIB, setting PREFIX replaces the initial C<$Config{prefix}>
  part of those INSTALL* arguments, even if the latter are explicitly
  set (but are set to still start with C<$Config{prefix}>).
  
  =back
  
  If the user has superuser privileges, and is not working on AFS or
  relatives, then the defaults for INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLARCHLIB,
  INSTALLSCRIPT, etc. will be appropriate, and this incantation will be
  the best:
  
      perl Makefile.PL;
      make;
      make test
      make install
  
  make install by default writes some documentation of what has been
  done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This feature
  can be bypassed by calling make pure_install.
  
  =head2 AFS users
  
  will have to specify the installation directories as these most
  probably have changed since perl itself has been installed. They will
  have to do this by calling
  
      perl Makefile.PL INSTALLSITELIB=/afs/here/today \
          INSTALLSCRIPT=/afs/there/now INSTALLMAN3DIR=/afs/for/manpages
      make
  
  Be careful to repeat this procedure every time you recompile an
  extension, unless you are sure the AFS installation directories are
  still valid.
  
  =head2 Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
  
  An extension that is built with the above steps is ready to use on
  systems supporting dynamic loading. On systems that do not support
  dynamic loading, any newly created extension has to be linked together
  with the available resources. MakeMaker supports the linking process
  by creating appropriate targets in the Makefile whenever an extension
  is built. You can invoke the corresponding section of the makefile with
  
      make perl
  
  That produces a new perl binary in the current directory with all
  extensions linked in that can be found in INST_ARCHLIB, SITELIBEXP,
  and PERL_ARCHLIB. To do that, MakeMaker writes a new Makefile, on
  UNIX, this is called F<Makefile.aperl> (may be system dependent). If you
  want to force the creation of a new perl, it is recommended that you
  delete this F<Makefile.aperl>, so the directories are searched through
  for linkable libraries again.
  
  The binary can be installed into the directory where perl normally
  resides on your machine with
  
      make inst_perl
  
  To produce a perl binary with a different name than C<perl>, either say
  
      perl Makefile.PL MAP_TARGET=myperl
      make myperl
      make inst_perl
  
  or say
  
      perl Makefile.PL
      make myperl MAP_TARGET=myperl
      make inst_perl MAP_TARGET=myperl
  
  In any case you will be prompted with the correct invocation of the
  C<inst_perl> target that installs the new binary into INSTALLBIN.
  
  make inst_perl by default writes some documentation of what has been
  done into the file C<$(INSTALLARCHLIB)/perllocal.pod>. This
  can be bypassed by calling make pure_inst_perl.
  
  Warning: the inst_perl: target will most probably overwrite your
  existing perl binary. Use with care!
  
  Sometimes you might want to build a statically linked perl although
  your system supports dynamic loading. In this case you may explicitly
  set the linktype with the invocation of the Makefile.PL or make:
  
      perl Makefile.PL LINKTYPE=static    # recommended
  
  or
  
      make LINKTYPE=static                # works on most systems
  
  =head2 Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
  
  MakeMaker needs to know, or to guess, where certain things are
  located.  Especially INST_LIB and INST_ARCHLIB (where to put the files
  during the make(1) run), PERL_LIB and PERL_ARCHLIB (where to read
  existing modules from), and PERL_INC (header files and C<libperl*.*>).
  
  Extensions may be built either using the contents of the perl source
  directory tree or from the installed perl library. The recommended way
  is to build extensions after you have run 'make install' on perl
  itself. You can do that in any directory on your hard disk that is not
  below the perl source tree. The support for extensions below the ext
  directory of the perl distribution is only good for the standard
  extensions that come with perl.
  
  If an extension is being built below the C<ext/> directory of the perl
  source then MakeMaker will set PERL_SRC automatically (e.g.,
  C<../..>).  If PERL_SRC is defined and the extension is recognized as
  a standard extension, then other variables default to the following:
  
    PERL_INC     = PERL_SRC
    PERL_LIB     = PERL_SRC/lib
    PERL_ARCHLIB = PERL_SRC/lib
    INST_LIB     = PERL_LIB
    INST_ARCHLIB = PERL_ARCHLIB
  
  If an extension is being built away from the perl source then MakeMaker
  will leave PERL_SRC undefined and default to using the installed copy
  of the perl library. The other variables default to the following:
  
    PERL_INC     = $archlibexp/CORE
    PERL_LIB     = $privlibexp
    PERL_ARCHLIB = $archlibexp
    INST_LIB     = ./blib/lib
    INST_ARCHLIB = ./blib/arch
  
  If perl has not yet been installed then PERL_SRC can be defined on the
  command line as shown in the previous section.
  
  
  =head2 Which architecture dependent directory?
  
  If you don't want to keep the defaults for the INSTALL* macros,
  MakeMaker helps you to minimize the typing needed: the usual
  relationship between INSTALLPRIVLIB and INSTALLARCHLIB is determined
  by Configure at perl compilation time. MakeMaker supports the user who
  sets INSTALLPRIVLIB. If INSTALLPRIVLIB is set, but INSTALLARCHLIB not,
  then MakeMaker defaults the latter to be the same subdirectory of
  INSTALLPRIVLIB as Configure decided for the counterparts in %Config,
  otherwise it defaults to INSTALLPRIVLIB. The same relationship holds
  for INSTALLSITELIB and INSTALLSITEARCH.
  
  MakeMaker gives you much more freedom than needed to configure
  internal variables and get different results. It is worth mentioning
  that make(1) also lets you configure most of the variables that are
  used in the Makefile. But in the majority of situations this will not
  be necessary, and should only be done if the author of a package
  recommends it (or you know what you're doing).
  
  =head2 Using Attributes and Parameters
  
  The following attributes may be specified as arguments to WriteMakefile()
  or as NAME=VALUE pairs on the command line. Attributes that became
  available with later versions of MakeMaker are indicated.
  
  In order to maintain portability of attributes with older versions of
  MakeMaker you may want to use L<App::EUMM::Upgrade> with your C<Makefile.PL>.
  
  =over 2
  
  =item ABSTRACT
  
  One line description of the module. Will be included in PPD file.
  
  =item ABSTRACT_FROM
  
  Name of the file that contains the package description. MakeMaker looks
  for a line in the POD matching /^($package\s-\s)(.*)/. This is typically
  the first line in the "=head1 NAME" section. $2 becomes the abstract.
  
  =item AUTHOR
  
  Array of strings containing name (and email address) of package author(s).
  Is used in CPAN Meta files (META.yml or META.json) and PPD
  (Perl Package Description) files for PPM (Perl Package Manager).
  
  =item BINARY_LOCATION
  
  Used when creating PPD files for binary packages.  It can be set to a
  full or relative path or URL to the binary archive for a particular
  architecture.  For example:
  
          perl Makefile.PL BINARY_LOCATION=x86/Agent.tar.gz
  
  builds a PPD package that references a binary of the C<Agent> package,
  located in the C<x86> directory relative to the PPD itself.
  
  =item BUILD_REQUIRES
  
  Available in version 6.55_03 and above.
  
  A hash of modules that are needed to build your module but not run it.
  
  This will go into the C<build_requires> field of your F<META.yml> and the C<build> of the C<prereqs> field of your F<META.json>.
  
  Defaults to C<<< { "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" => 0 } >>> if this attribute is not specified.
  
  The format is the same as PREREQ_PM.
  
  =item C
  
  Ref to array of *.c file names. Initialised from a directory scan
  and the values portion of the XS attribute hash. This is not
  currently used by MakeMaker but may be handy in Makefile.PLs.
  
  =item CCFLAGS
  
  String that will be included in the compiler call command line between
  the arguments INC and OPTIMIZE.
  
  =item CONFIG
  
  Arrayref. E.g. [qw(archname manext)] defines ARCHNAME & MANEXT from
  config.sh. MakeMaker will add to CONFIG the following values anyway:
  ar
  cc
  cccdlflags
  ccdlflags
  dlext
  dlsrc
  ld
  lddlflags
  ldflags
  libc
  lib_ext
  obj_ext
  ranlib
  sitelibexp
  sitearchexp
  so
  
  =item CONFIGURE
  
  CODE reference. The subroutine should return a hash reference. The
  hash may contain further attributes, e.g. {LIBS =E<gt> ...}, that have to
  be determined by some evaluation method.
  
  =item CONFIGURE_REQUIRES
  
  Available in version 6.52 and above.
  
  A hash of modules that are required to run Makefile.PL itself, but not
  to run your distribution.
  
  This will go into the C<configure_requires> field of your F<META.yml> and the C<configure> of the C<prereqs> field of your F<META.json>.
  
  Defaults to C<<< { "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" => 0 } >>> if this attribute is not specified.
  
  The format is the same as PREREQ_PM.
  
  =item DEFINE
  
  Something like C<"-DHAVE_UNISTD_H">
  
  =item DESTDIR
  
  This is the root directory into which the code will be installed.  It
  I<prepends itself to the normal prefix>.  For example, if your code
  would normally go into F</usr/local/lib/perl> you could set DESTDIR=~/tmp/
  and installation would go into F<~/tmp/usr/local/lib/perl>.
  
  This is primarily of use for people who repackage Perl modules.
  
  NOTE: Due to the nature of make, it is important that you put the trailing
  slash on your DESTDIR.  F<~/tmp/> not F<~/tmp>.
  
  =item DIR
  
  Ref to array of subdirectories containing Makefile.PLs e.g. ['sdbm']
  in ext/SDBM_File
  
  =item DISTNAME
  
  A safe filename for the package.
  
  Defaults to NAME below but with :: replaced with -.
  
  For example, Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar.
  
  =item DISTVNAME
  
  Your name for distributing the package with the version number
  included.  This is used by 'make dist' to name the resulting archive
  file.
  
  Defaults to DISTNAME-VERSION.
  
  For example, version 1.04 of Foo::Bar becomes Foo-Bar-1.04.
  
  On some OS's where . has special meaning VERSION_SYM may be used in
  place of VERSION.
  
  =item DLEXT
  
  Specifies the extension of the module's loadable object. For example:
  
    DLEXT => 'unusual_ext', # Default value is $Config{so}
  
  NOTE: When using this option to alter the extension of a module's
  loadable object, it is also necessary that the module's pm file
  specifies the same change:
  
    local $DynaLoader::dl_dlext = 'unusual_ext';
  
  =item DL_FUNCS
  
  Hashref of symbol names for routines to be made available as universal
  symbols.  Each key/value pair consists of the package name and an
  array of routine names in that package.  Used only under AIX, OS/2,
  VMS and Win32 at present.  The routine names supplied will be expanded
  in the same way as XSUB names are expanded by the XS() macro.
  Defaults to
  
    {"$(NAME)" => ["boot_$(NAME)" ] }
  
  e.g.
  
    {"RPC" => [qw( boot_rpcb rpcb_gettime getnetconfigent )],
     "NetconfigPtr" => [ 'DESTROY'] }
  
  Please see the L<ExtUtils::Mksymlists> documentation for more information
  about the DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS and FUNCLIST attributes.
  
  =item DL_VARS
  
  Array of symbol names for variables to be made available as universal symbols.
  Used only under AIX, OS/2, VMS and Win32 at present.  Defaults to [].
  (e.g. [ qw(Foo_version Foo_numstreams Foo_tree ) ])
  
  =item EXCLUDE_EXT
  
  Array of extension names to exclude when doing a static build.  This
  is ignored if INCLUDE_EXT is present.  Consult INCLUDE_EXT for more
  details.  (e.g.  [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ] )
  
  This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
  command line:  perl Makefile.PL EXCLUDE_EXT='Socket Safe'
  
  =item EXE_FILES
  
  Ref to array of executable files. The files will be copied to the
  INST_SCRIPT directory. Make realclean will delete them from there
  again.
  
  If your executables start with something like #!perl or
  #!/usr/bin/perl MakeMaker will change this to the path of the perl
  'Makefile.PL' was invoked with so the programs will be sure to run
  properly even if perl is not in /usr/bin/perl.
  
  =item FIRST_MAKEFILE
  
  The name of the Makefile to be produced.  This is used for the second
  Makefile that will be produced for the MAP_TARGET.
  
  Defaults to 'Makefile' or 'Descrip.MMS' on VMS.
  
  (Note: we couldn't use MAKEFILE because dmake uses this for something
  else).
  
  =item FULLPERL
  
  Perl binary able to run this extension, load XS modules, etc...
  
  =item FULLPERLRUN
  
  Like PERLRUN, except it uses FULLPERL.
  
  =item FULLPERLRUNINST
  
  Like PERLRUNINST, except it uses FULLPERL.
  
  =item FUNCLIST
  
  This provides an alternate means to specify function names to be
  exported from the extension.  Its value is a reference to an
  array of function names to be exported by the extension.  These
  names are passed through unaltered to the linker options file.
  
  =item H
  
  Ref to array of *.h file names. Similar to C.
  
  =item IMPORTS
  
  This attribute is used to specify names to be imported into the
  extension. Takes a hash ref.
  
  It is only used on OS/2 and Win32.
  
  =item INC
  
  Include file dirs eg: C<"-I/usr/5include -I/path/to/inc">
  
  =item INCLUDE_EXT
  
  Array of extension names to be included when doing a static build.
  MakeMaker will normally build with all of the installed extensions when
  doing a static build, and that is usually the desired behavior.  If
  INCLUDE_EXT is present then MakeMaker will build only with those extensions
  which are explicitly mentioned. (e.g.  [ qw( Socket POSIX ) ])
  
  It is not necessary to mention DynaLoader or the current extension when
  filling in INCLUDE_EXT.  If the INCLUDE_EXT is mentioned but is empty then
  only DynaLoader and the current extension will be included in the build.
  
  This attribute may be most useful when specified as a string on the
  command line:  perl Makefile.PL INCLUDE_EXT='POSIX Socket Devel::Peek'
  
  =item INSTALLARCHLIB
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
  
  =item INSTALLBIN
  
  Directory to install binary files (e.g. tkperl) into if
  INSTALLDIRS=perl.
  
  =item INSTALLDIRS
  
  Determines which of the sets of installation directories to choose:
  perl, site or vendor.  Defaults to site.
  
  =item INSTALLMAN1DIR
  
  =item INSTALLMAN3DIR
  
  These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
  INSTALLDIRS=perl.  Defaults to $Config{installman*dir}.
  
  If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
  
  =item INSTALLPRIVLIB
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to perl.
  
  Defaults to $Config{installprivlib}.
  
  =item INSTALLSCRIPT
  
  Available in version 6.30_02 and above.
  
  Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS=perl.
  
  =item INSTALLSITEARCH
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
  
  =item INSTALLSITEBIN
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
  
  =item INSTALLSITELIB
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
  
  =item INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR
  
  =item INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR
  
  These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
  INSTALLDIRS=site (default).  Defaults to
  $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
  
  If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
  
  =item INSTALLSITESCRIPT
  
  Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to site (default).
  
  =item INSTALLVENDORARCH
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_ARCHLIB to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor. Note that if you do not set
  this, the value of INSTALLVENDORLIB will be used, which is probably not
  what you want.
  
  =item INSTALLVENDORBIN
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_BIN to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
  
  =item INSTALLVENDORLIB
  
  Used by 'make install', which copies files from INST_LIB to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
  
  =item INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR
  
  =item INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR
  
  These directories get the man pages at 'make install' time if
  INSTALLDIRS=vendor.  Defaults to $(VENDORPREFIX)/man/man$(MAN*EXT).
  
  If set to 'none', no man pages will be installed.
  
  =item INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT
  
  Available in version 6.30_02 and above.
  
  Used by 'make install' which copies files from INST_SCRIPT to this
  directory if INSTALLDIRS is set to vendor.
  
  =item INST_ARCHLIB
  
  Same as INST_LIB for architecture dependent files.
  
  =item INST_BIN
  
  Directory to put real binary files during 'make'. These will be copied
  to INSTALLBIN during 'make install'
  
  =item INST_LIB
  
  Directory where we put library files of this extension while building
  it.
  
  =item INST_MAN1DIR
  
  Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
  
  =item INST_MAN3DIR
  
  Directory to hold the man pages at 'make' time
  
  =item INST_SCRIPT
  
  Directory where executable files should be installed during
  'make'. Defaults to "./blib/script", just to have a dummy location during
  testing. make install will copy the files in INST_SCRIPT to
  INSTALLSCRIPT.
  
  =item LD
  
  Program to be used to link libraries for dynamic loading.
  
  Defaults to $Config{ld}.
  
  =item LDDLFLAGS
  
  Any special flags that might need to be passed to ld to create a
  shared library suitable for dynamic loading.  It is up to the makefile
  to use it.  (See L<Config/lddlflags>)
  
  Defaults to $Config{lddlflags}.
  
  =item LDFROM
  
  Defaults to "$(OBJECT)" and is used in the ld command to specify
  what files to link/load from (also see dynamic_lib below for how to
  specify ld flags)
  
  =item LIB
  
  LIB should only be set at C<perl Makefile.PL> time but is allowed as a
  MakeMaker argument. It has the effect of setting both INSTALLPRIVLIB
  and INSTALLSITELIB to that value regardless any explicit setting of
  those arguments (or of PREFIX).  INSTALLARCHLIB and INSTALLSITEARCH
  are set to the corresponding architecture subdirectory.
  
  =item LIBPERL_A
  
  The filename of the perllibrary that will be used together with this
  extension. Defaults to libperl.a.
  
  =item LIBS
  
  An anonymous array of alternative library
  specifications to be searched for (in order) until
  at least one library is found. E.g.
  
    'LIBS' => ["-lgdbm", "-ldbm -lfoo", "-L/path -ldbm.nfs"]
  
  Mind, that any element of the array
  contains a complete set of arguments for the ld
  command. So do not specify
  
    'LIBS' => ["-ltcl", "-ltk", "-lX11"]
  
  See ODBM_File/Makefile.PL for an example, where an array is needed. If
  you specify a scalar as in
  
    'LIBS' => "-ltcl -ltk -lX11"
  
  MakeMaker will turn it into an array with one element.
  
  =item LICENSE
  
  Available in version 6.31 and above.
  
  The licensing terms of your distribution.  Generally it's "perl_5" for the
  same license as Perl itself.
  
  See L<CPAN::Meta::Spec> for the list of options.
  
  Defaults to "unknown".
  
  =item LINKTYPE
  
  'static' or 'dynamic' (default unless usedl=undef in
  config.sh). Should only be used to force static linking (also see
  linkext below).
  
  =item MAGICXS
  
  Available in version 6.8305 and above.
  
  When this is set to C<1>, C<OBJECT> will be automagically derived from
  C<O_FILES>.
  
  =item MAKE
  
  Available in version 6.30_01 and above.
  
  Variant of make you intend to run the generated Makefile with.  This
  parameter lets Makefile.PL know what make quirks to account for when
  generating the Makefile.
  
  MakeMaker also honors the MAKE environment variable.  This parameter
  takes precedence.
  
  Currently the only significant values are 'dmake' and 'nmake' for Windows
  users, instructing MakeMaker to generate a Makefile in the flavour of
  DMake ("Dennis Vadura's Make") or Microsoft NMake respectively.
  
  Defaults to $Config{make}, which may go looking for a Make program
  in your environment.
  
  How are you supposed to know what flavour of Make a Makefile has
  been generated for if you didn't specify a value explicitly? Search
  the generated Makefile for the definition of the MAKE variable,
  which is used to recursively invoke the Make utility. That will tell
  you what Make you're supposed to invoke the Makefile with.
  
  =item MAKEAPERL
  
  Boolean which tells MakeMaker that it should include the rules to
  make a perl. This is handled automatically as a switch by
  MakeMaker. The user normally does not need it.
  
  =item MAKEFILE_OLD
  
  When 'make clean' or similar is run, the $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) will be
  backed up at this location.
  
  Defaults to $(FIRST_MAKEFILE).old or $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old on VMS.
  
  =item MAN1PODS
  
  Hashref of pod-containing files. MakeMaker will default this to all
  EXE_FILES files that include POD directives. The files listed
  here will be converted to man pages and installed as was requested
  at Configure time.
  
  This hash should map POD files (or scripts containing POD) to the
  man file names under the C<blib/man1/> directory, as in the following
  example:
  
    MAN1PODS            => {
      'doc/command.pod'    => 'blib/man1/command.1',
      'scripts/script.pl'  => 'blib/man1/script.1',
    }
  
  =item MAN3PODS
  
  Hashref that assigns to *.pm and *.pod files the files into which the
  manpages are to be written. MakeMaker parses all *.pod and *.pm files
  for POD directives. Files that contain POD will be the default keys of
  the MAN3PODS hashref. These will then be converted to man pages during
  C<make> and will be installed during C<make install>.
  
  Example similar to MAN1PODS.
  
  =item MAP_TARGET
  
  If it is intended that a new perl binary be produced, this variable
  may hold a name for that binary. Defaults to perl
  
  =item META_ADD
  
  =item META_MERGE
  
  Available in version 6.46 and above.
  
  A hashref of items to add to the CPAN Meta file (F<META.yml> or
  F<META.json>).
  
  They differ in how they behave if they have the same key as the
  default metadata.  META_ADD will override the default value with its
  own.  META_MERGE will merge its value with the default.
  
  Unless you want to override the defaults, prefer META_MERGE so as to
  get the advantage of any future defaults.
  
  Where prereqs are concerned, if META_MERGE is used, prerequisites are merged
  with their counterpart C<WriteMakefile()> argument
  (PREREQ_PM is merged into {prereqs}{runtime}{requires},
  BUILD_REQUIRES into C<{prereqs}{build}{requires}>,
  CONFIGURE_REQUIRES into C<{prereqs}{configure}{requires}>,
  and TEST_REQUIRES into C<{prereqs}{test}{requires})>.
  When prereqs are specified with META_ADD, the only prerequisites added to the
  file come from the metadata, not C<WriteMakefile()> arguments.
  
  Note that these configuration options are only used for generating F<META.yml>
  and F<META.json> -- they are NOT used for F<MYMETA.yml> and F<MYMETA.json>.
  Therefore data in these fields should NOT be used for dynamic (user-side)
  configuration.
  
  By default CPAN Meta specification C<1.4> is used. In order to use
  CPAN Meta specification C<2.0>, indicate with C<meta-spec> the version
  you want to use.
  
    META_MERGE        => {
  
      "meta-spec" => { version => 2 },
  
      resources => {
  
        repository => {
            type => 'git',
            url => 'git://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/ExtUtils-MakeMaker.git',
            web => 'https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/ExtUtils-MakeMaker',
        },
  
      },
  
    },
  
  =item MIN_PERL_VERSION
  
  Available in version 6.48 and above.
  
  The minimum required version of Perl for this distribution.
  
  Either the 5.006001 or the 5.6.1 format is acceptable.
  
  =item MYEXTLIB
  
  If the extension links to a library that it builds, set this to the
  name of the library (see SDBM_File)
  
  =item NAME
  
  The package representing the distribution. For example, C<Test::More>
  or C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. It will be used to derive information about
  the distribution such as the L</DISTNAME>, installation locations
  within the Perl library and where XS files will be looked for by
  default (see L</XS>).
  
  C<NAME> I<must> be a valid Perl package name and it I<must> have an
  associated C<.pm> file. For example, C<Foo::Bar> is a valid C<NAME>
  and there must exist F<Foo/Bar.pm>.  Any XS code should be in
  F<Bar.xs> unless stated otherwise.
  
  Your distribution B<must> have a C<NAME>.
  
  =item NEEDS_LINKING
  
  MakeMaker will figure out if an extension contains linkable code
  anywhere down the directory tree, and will set this variable
  accordingly, but you can speed it up a very little bit if you define
  this boolean variable yourself.
  
  =item NOECHO
  
  Command so make does not print the literal commands it's running.
  
  By setting it to an empty string you can generate a Makefile that
  prints all commands. Mainly used in debugging MakeMaker itself.
  
  Defaults to C<@>.
  
  =item NORECURS
  
  Boolean.  Attribute to inhibit descending into subdirectories.
  
  =item NO_META
  
  When true, suppresses the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of
  the META.yml and META.json module meta-data files during 'make distdir'.
  
  Defaults to false.
  
  =item NO_MYMETA
  
  Available in version 6.57_02 and above.
  
  When true, suppresses the generation of MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json module
  meta-data files during 'perl Makefile.PL'.
  
  Defaults to false.
  
  =item NO_PACKLIST
  
  Available in version 6.7501 and above.
  
  When true, suppresses the writing of C<packlist> files for installs.
  
  Defaults to false.
  
  =item NO_PERLLOCAL
  
  Available in version 6.7501 and above.
  
  When true, suppresses the appending of installations to C<perllocal>.
  
  Defaults to false.
  
  =item NO_VC
  
  In general, any generated Makefile checks for the current version of
  MakeMaker and the version the Makefile was built under. If NO_VC is
  set, the version check is neglected. Do not write this into your
  Makefile.PL, use it interactively instead.
  
  =item OBJECT
  
  List of object files, defaults to '$(BASEEXT)$(OBJ_EXT)', but can be a long
  string or an array containing all object files, e.g. "tkpBind.o
  tkpButton.o tkpCanvas.o" or ["tkpBind.o", "tkpButton.o", "tkpCanvas.o"]
  
  (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME, and OBJ_EXT is $Config{obj_ext}.)
  
  =item OPTIMIZE
  
  Defaults to C<-O>. Set it to C<-g> to turn debugging on. The flag is
  passed to subdirectory makes.
  
  =item PERL
  
  Perl binary for tasks that can be done by miniperl. If it contains
  spaces or other shell metacharacters, it needs to be quoted in a way
  that protects them, since this value is intended to be inserted in a
  shell command line in the Makefile. E.g.:
  
    # Perl executable lives in "C:/Program Files/Perl/bin"
    # Normally you don't need to set this yourself!
    $ perl Makefile.PL PERL='"C:/Program Files/Perl/bin/perl.exe" -w'
  
  =item PERL_CORE
  
  Set only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
  distribution.
  
  =item PERLMAINCC
  
  The call to the program that is able to compile perlmain.c. Defaults
  to $(CC).
  
  =item PERL_ARCHLIB
  
  Same as for PERL_LIB, but for architecture dependent files.
  
  Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
  distribution (because normally $(PERL_ARCHLIB) is automatically in @INC,
  and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
  
  =item PERL_LIB
  
  Directory containing the Perl library to use.
  
  Used only when MakeMaker is building the extensions of the Perl core
  distribution (because normally $(PERL_LIB) is automatically in @INC,
  and adding it would get in the way of PERL5LIB).
  
  =item PERL_MALLOC_OK
  
  defaults to 0.  Should be set to TRUE if the extension can work with
  the memory allocation routines substituted by the Perl malloc() subsystem.
  This should be applicable to most extensions with exceptions of those
  
  =over 4
  
  =item *
  
  with bugs in memory allocations which are caught by Perl's malloc();
  
  =item *
  
  which interact with the memory allocator in other ways than via
  malloc(), realloc(), free(), calloc(), sbrk() and brk();
  
  =item *
  
  which rely on special alignment which is not provided by Perl's malloc().
  
  =back
  
  B<NOTE.>  Neglecting to set this flag in I<any one> of the loaded extension
  nullifies many advantages of Perl's malloc(), such as better usage of
  system resources, error detection, memory usage reporting, catchable failure
  of memory allocations, etc.
  
  =item PERLPREFIX
  
  Directory under which core modules are to be installed.
  
  Defaults to $Config{installprefixexp}, falling back to
  $Config{installprefix}, $Config{prefixexp} or $Config{prefix} should
  $Config{installprefixexp} not exist.
  
  Overridden by PREFIX.
  
  =item PERLRUN
  
  Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl.  It will set up
  extra necessary flags for you.
  
  =item PERLRUNINST
  
  Use this instead of $(PERL) when you wish to run perl to work with
  modules.  It will add things like -I$(INST_ARCH) and other necessary
  flags so perl can see the modules you're about to install.
  
  =item PERL_SRC
  
  Directory containing the Perl source code (use of this should be
  avoided, it may be undefined)
  
  =item PERM_DIR
  
  Available in version 6.51_01 and above.
  
  Desired permission for directories. Defaults to C<755>.
  
  =item PERM_RW
  
  Desired permission for read/writable files. Defaults to C<644>.
  
  =item PERM_RWX
  
  Desired permission for executable files. Defaults to C<755>.
  
  =item PL_FILES
  
  MakeMaker can run programs to generate files for you at build time.
  By default any file named *.PL (except Makefile.PL and Build.PL) in
  the top level directory will be assumed to be a Perl program and run
  passing its own basename in as an argument.  This basename is actually a build
  target, and there is an intention, but not a requirement, that the *.PL file
  make the file passed to to as an argument. For example...
  
      perl foo.PL foo
  
  This behavior can be overridden by supplying your own set of files to
  search.  PL_FILES accepts a hash ref, the key being the file to run
  and the value is passed in as the first argument when the PL file is run.
  
      PL_FILES => {'bin/foobar.PL' => 'bin/foobar'}
  
      PL_FILES => {'foo.PL' => 'foo.c'}
  
  Would run bin/foobar.PL like this:
  
      perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar
  
  If multiple files from one program are desired an array ref can be used.
  
      PL_FILES => {'bin/foobar.PL' => [qw(bin/foobar1 bin/foobar2)]}
  
  In this case the program will be run multiple times using each target file.
  
      perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar1
      perl bin/foobar.PL bin/foobar2
  
  PL files are normally run B<after> pm_to_blib and include INST_LIB and
  INST_ARCH in their C<@INC>, so the just built modules can be
  accessed... unless the PL file is making a module (or anything else in
  PM) in which case it is run B<before> pm_to_blib and does not include
  INST_LIB and INST_ARCH in its C<@INC>.  This apparently odd behavior
  is there for backwards compatibility (and it's somewhat DWIM).  The argument
  passed to the .PL is set up as a target to build in the Makefile.  In other
  sections such as C<postamble> you can specify a dependency on the
  filename/argument that the .PL is supposed (or will have, now that that is
  is a dependency) to generate.  Note the file to be generated will still be
  generated and the .PL will still run even without an explicit dependency created
  by you, since the C<all> target still depends on running all eligible to run.PL
  files.
  
  =item PM
  
  Hashref of .pm files and *.pl files to be installed.  e.g.
  
    {'name_of_file.pm' => '$(INST_LIB)/install_as.pm'}
  
  By default this will include *.pm and *.pl and the files found in
  the PMLIBDIRS directories.  Defining PM in the
  Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
  
  =item PMLIBDIRS
  
  Ref to array of subdirectories containing library files.  Defaults to
  [ 'lib', $(BASEEXT) ]. The directories will be scanned and I<any> files
  they contain will be installed in the corresponding location in the
  library.  A libscan() method can be used to alter the behaviour.
  Defining PM in the Makefile.PL will override PMLIBDIRS.
  
  (Where BASEEXT is the last component of NAME.)
  
  =item PM_FILTER
  
  A filter program, in the traditional Unix sense (input from stdin, output
  to stdout) that is passed on each .pm file during the build (in the
  pm_to_blib() phase).  It is empty by default, meaning no filtering is done.
  You could use:
  
    PM_FILTER => 'perl -ne "print unless /^\\#/"',
  
  to remove all the leading comments on the fly during the build.  In order
  to be as portable as possible, please consider using a Perl one-liner
  rather than Unix (or other) utilities, as above.  The # is escaped for
  the Makefile, since what is going to be generated will then be:
  
    PM_FILTER = perl -ne "print unless /^\#/"
  
  Without the \ before the #, we'd have the start of a Makefile comment,
  and the macro would be incorrectly defined.
  
  You will almost certainly be better off using the C<PL_FILES> system,
  instead. See above, or the L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ> entry.
  
  =item POLLUTE
  
  Release 5.005 grandfathered old global symbol names by providing preprocessor
  macros for extension source compatibility.  As of release 5.6, these
  preprocessor definitions are not available by default.  The POLLUTE flag
  specifies that the old names should still be defined:
  
    perl Makefile.PL POLLUTE=1
  
  Please inform the module author if this is necessary to successfully install
  a module under 5.6 or later.
  
  =item PPM_INSTALL_EXEC
  
  Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
  
  =item PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT
  
  Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager after
  the installation of a package.
  
  =item PPM_UNINSTALL_EXEC
  
  Available in version 6.8502 and above.
  
  Name of the executable used to run C<PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT> below. (e.g. perl)
  
  =item PPM_UNINSTALL_SCRIPT
  
  Available in version 6.8502 and above.
  
  Name of the script that gets executed by the Perl Package Manager before
  the removal of a package.
  
  =item PREFIX
  
  This overrides all the default install locations.  Man pages,
  libraries, scripts, etc...  MakeMaker will try to make an educated
  guess about where to place things under the new PREFIX based on your
  Config defaults.  Failing that, it will fall back to a structure
  which should be sensible for your platform.
  
  If you specify LIB or any INSTALL* variables they will not be affected
  by the PREFIX.
  
  =item PREREQ_FATAL
  
  Bool. If this parameter is true, failing to have the required modules
  (or the right versions thereof) will be fatal. C<perl Makefile.PL>
  will C<die> instead of simply informing the user of the missing dependencies.
  
  It is I<extremely> rare to have to use C<PREREQ_FATAL>. Its use by module
  authors is I<strongly discouraged> and should never be used lightly.
  
  For dependencies that are required in order to run C<Makefile.PL>,
  see C<CONFIGURE_REQUIRES>.
  
  Module installation tools have ways of resolving unmet dependencies but
  to do that they need a F<Makefile>.  Using C<PREREQ_FATAL> breaks this.
  That's bad.
  
  Assuming you have good test coverage, your tests should fail with
  missing dependencies informing the user more strongly that something
  is wrong.  You can write a F<t/00compile.t> test which will simply
  check that your code compiles and stop "make test" prematurely if it
  doesn't.  See L<Test::More/BAIL_OUT> for more details.
  
  
  =item PREREQ_PM
  
  A hash of modules that are needed to run your module.  The keys are
  the module names ie. Test::More, and the minimum version is the
  value. If the required version number is 0 any version will do.
  The versions given may be a Perl v-string (see L<version>) or a range
  (see L<CPAN::Meta::Requirements>).
  
  This will go into the C<requires> field of your F<META.yml> and the
  C<runtime> of the C<prereqs> field of your F<META.json>.
  
      PREREQ_PM => {
          # Require Test::More at least 0.47
          "Test::More" => "0.47",
  
          # Require any version of Acme::Buffy
          "Acme::Buffy" => 0,
      }
  
  =item PREREQ_PRINT
  
  Bool.  If this parameter is true, the prerequisites will be printed to
  stdout and MakeMaker will exit.  The output format is an evalable hash
  ref.
  
    $PREREQ_PM = {
                   'A::B' => Vers1,
                   'C::D' => Vers2,
                   ...
                 };
  
  If a distribution defines a minimal required perl version, this is
  added to the output as an additional line of the form:
  
    $MIN_PERL_VERSION = '5.008001';
  
  If BUILD_REQUIRES is not empty, it will be dumped as $BUILD_REQUIRES hashref.
  
  =item PRINT_PREREQ
  
  RedHatism for C<PREREQ_PRINT>.  The output format is different, though:
  
      perl(A::B)>=Vers1 perl(C::D)>=Vers2 ...
  
  A minimal required perl version, if present, will look like this:
  
      perl(perl)>=5.008001
  
  =item SITEPREFIX
  
  Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the site install locations.
  
  Defaults to $Config{siteprefixexp}.  Perls prior to 5.6.0 didn't have
  an explicit siteprefix in the Config.  In those cases
  $Config{installprefix} will be used.
  
  Overridable by PREFIX
  
  =item SIGN
  
  Available in version 6.18 and above.
  
  When true, perform the generation and addition to the MANIFEST of the
  SIGNATURE file in the distdir during 'make distdir', via 'cpansign
  -s'.
  
  Note that you need to install the Module::Signature module to
  perform this operation.
  
  Defaults to false.
  
  =item SKIP
  
  Arrayref. E.g. [qw(name1 name2)] skip (do not write) sections of the
  Makefile. Caution! Do not use the SKIP attribute for the negligible
  speedup. It may seriously damage the resulting Makefile. Only use it
  if you really need it.
  
  =item TEST_REQUIRES
  
  Available in version 6.64 and above.
  
  A hash of modules that are needed to test your module but not run or
  build it.
  
  This will go into the C<build_requires> field of your F<META.yml> and the C<test> of the C<prereqs> field of your F<META.json>.
  
  The format is the same as PREREQ_PM.
  
  =item TYPEMAPS
  
  Ref to array of typemap file names.  Use this when the typemaps are
  in some directory other than the current directory or when they are
  not named B<typemap>.  The last typemap in the list takes
  precedence.  A typemap in the current directory has highest
  precedence, even if it isn't listed in TYPEMAPS.  The default system
  typemap has lowest precedence.
  
  =item VENDORPREFIX
  
  Like PERLPREFIX, but only for the vendor install locations.
  
  Defaults to $Config{vendorprefixexp}.
  
  Overridable by PREFIX
  
  =item VERBINST
  
  If true, make install will be verbose
  
  =item VERSION
  
  Your version number for distributing the package.  This defaults to
  0.1.
  
  =item VERSION_FROM
  
  Instead of specifying the VERSION in the Makefile.PL you can let
  MakeMaker parse a file to determine the version number. The parsing
  routine requires that the file named by VERSION_FROM contains one
  single line to compute the version number. The first line in the file
  that contains something like a $VERSION assignment or C<package Name
  VERSION> will be used. The following lines will be parsed o.k.:
  
      # Good
      package Foo::Bar 1.23;                      # 1.23
      $VERSION   = '1.00';                        # 1.00
      *VERSION   = \'1.01';                       # 1.01
      ($VERSION) = q$Revision$ =~ /(\d+)/g;       # The digits in $Revision$
      $FOO::VERSION = '1.10';                     # 1.10
      *FOO::VERSION = \'1.11';                    # 1.11
  
  but these will fail:
  
      # Bad
      my $VERSION         = '1.01';
      local $VERSION      = '1.02';
      local $FOO::VERSION = '1.30';
  
  (Putting C<my> or C<local> on the preceding line will work o.k.)
  
  "Version strings" are incompatible and should not be used.
  
      # Bad
      $VERSION = 1.2.3;
      $VERSION = v1.2.3;
  
  L<version> objects are fine.  As of MakeMaker 6.35 version.pm will be
  automatically loaded, but you must declare the dependency on version.pm.
  For compatibility with older MakeMaker you should load on the same line
  as $VERSION is declared.
  
      # All on one line
      use version; our $VERSION = qv(1.2.3);
  
  The file named in VERSION_FROM is not added as a dependency to
  Makefile. This is not really correct, but it would be a major pain
  during development to have to rewrite the Makefile for any smallish
  change in that file. If you want to make sure that the Makefile
  contains the correct VERSION macro after any change of the file, you
  would have to do something like
  
      depend => { Makefile => '$(VERSION_FROM)' }
  
  See attribute C<depend> below.
  
  =item VERSION_SYM
  
  A sanitized VERSION with . replaced by _.  For places where . has
  special meaning (some filesystems, RCS labels, etc...)
  
  =item XS
  
  Hashref of .xs files. MakeMaker will default this.  e.g.
  
    {'name_of_file.xs' => 'name_of_file.c'}
  
  The .c files will automatically be included in the list of files
  deleted by a make clean.
  
  =item XSBUILD
  
  Available in version 7.12 and above.
  
  Hashref with options controlling the operation of C<XSMULTI>:
  
    {
      xs => {
          all => {
              # options applying to all .xs files for this distribution
          },
          'lib/Class/Name/File' => { # specifically for this file
              DEFINE => '-Dfunktastic', # defines for only this file
              INC => "-I$funkyliblocation", # include flags for only this file
              # OBJECT => 'lib/Class/Name/File$(OBJ_EXT)', # default
              LDFROM => "lib/Class/Name/File\$(OBJ_EXT) $otherfile\$(OBJ_EXT)", # what's linked
          },
      },
    }
  
  Note C<xs> is the file-extension. More possibilities may arise in the
  future. Note that object names are specified without their XS extension.
  
  C<LDFROM> defaults to the same as C<OBJECT>. C<OBJECT> defaults to,
  for C<XSMULTI>, just the XS filename with the extension replaced with
  the compiler-specific object-file extension.
  
  The distinction between C<OBJECT> and C<LDFROM>: C<OBJECT> is the make
  target, so make will try to build it. However, C<LDFROM> is what will
  actually be linked together to make the shared object or static library
  (SO/SL), so if you override it, make sure it includes what you want to
  make the final SO/SL, almost certainly including the XS basename with
  C<$(OBJ_EXT)> appended.
  
  =item XSMULTI
  
  Available in version 7.12 and above.
  
  When this is set to C<1>, multiple XS files may be placed under F<lib/>
  next to their corresponding C<*.pm> files (this is essential for compiling
  with the correct C<VERSION> values). This feature should be considered
  experimental, and details of it may change.
  
  This feature was inspired by, and small portions of code copied from,
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker::BigHelper>. Hopefully this feature will render
  that module mainly obsolete.
  
  =item XSOPT
  
  String of options to pass to xsubpp.  This might include C<-C++> or
  C<-extern>.  Do not include typemaps here; the TYPEMAP parameter exists for
  that purpose.
  
  =item XSPROTOARG
  
  May be set to C<-protoypes>, C<-noprototypes> or the empty string.  The
  empty string is equivalent to the xsubpp default, or C<-noprototypes>.
  See the xsubpp documentation for details.  MakeMaker
  defaults to the empty string.
  
  =item XS_VERSION
  
  Your version number for the .xs file of this package.  This defaults
  to the value of the VERSION attribute.
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Additional lowercase attributes
  
  can be used to pass parameters to the methods which implement that
  part of the Makefile.  Parameters are specified as a hash ref but are
  passed to the method as a hash.
  
  =over 2
  
  =item clean
  
    {FILES => "*.xyz foo"}
  
  =item depend
  
    {ANY_TARGET => ANY_DEPENDENCY, ...}
  
  (ANY_TARGET must not be given a double-colon rule by MakeMaker.)
  
  =item dist
  
    {TARFLAGS => 'cvfF', COMPRESS => 'gzip', SUFFIX => '.gz',
    SHAR => 'shar -m', DIST_CP => 'ln', ZIP => '/bin/zip',
    ZIPFLAGS => '-rl', DIST_DEFAULT => 'private tardist' }
  
  If you specify COMPRESS, then SUFFIX should also be altered, as it is
  needed to tell make the target file of the compression. Setting
  DIST_CP to ln can be useful, if you need to preserve the timestamps on
  your files. DIST_CP can take the values 'cp', which copies the file,
  'ln', which links the file, and 'best' which copies symbolic links and
  links the rest. Default is 'best'.
  
  =item dynamic_lib
  
    {ARMAYBE => 'ar', OTHERLDFLAGS => '...', INST_DYNAMIC_DEP => '...'}
  
  =item linkext
  
    {LINKTYPE => 'static', 'dynamic' or ''}
  
  NB: Extensions that have nothing but *.pm files had to say
  
    {LINKTYPE => ''}
  
  with Pre-5.0 MakeMakers. Since version 5.00 of MakeMaker such a line
  can be deleted safely. MakeMaker recognizes when there's nothing to
  be linked.
  
  =item macro
  
    {ANY_MACRO => ANY_VALUE, ...}
  
  =item postamble
  
  Anything put here will be passed to MY::postamble() if you have one.
  
  =item realclean
  
    {FILES => '$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/*.xyz'}
  
  =item test
  
  Specify the targets for testing.
  
    {TESTS => 't/*.t'}
  
  C<RECURSIVE_TEST_FILES> can be used to include all directories
  recursively under C<t> that contain C<.t> files. It will be ignored if
  you provide your own C<TESTS> attribute, defaults to false.
  
    {RECURSIVE_TEST_FILES=>1}
  
  This is supported since 6.76
  
  =item tool_autosplit
  
    {MAXLEN => 8}
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Overriding MakeMaker Methods
  
  If you cannot achieve the desired Makefile behaviour by specifying
  attributes you may define private subroutines in the Makefile.PL.
  Each subroutine returns the text it wishes to have written to
  the Makefile. To override a section of the Makefile you can
  either say:
  
          sub MY::c_o { "new literal text" }
  
  or you can edit the default by saying something like:
  
          package MY; # so that "SUPER" works right
          sub c_o {
              my $inherited = shift->SUPER::c_o(@_);
              $inherited =~ s/old text/new text/;
              $inherited;
          }
  
  If you are running experiments with embedding perl as a library into
  other applications, you might find MakeMaker is not sufficient. You'd
  better have a look at ExtUtils::Embed which is a collection of utilities
  for embedding.
  
  If you still need a different solution, try to develop another
  subroutine that fits your needs and submit the diffs to
  C<makemaker@perl.org>
  
  For a complete description of all MakeMaker methods see
  L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix>.
  
  Here is a simple example of how to add a new target to the generated
  Makefile:
  
      sub MY::postamble {
          return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
      $(MYEXTLIB): sdbm/Makefile
              cd sdbm && $(MAKE) all
  
      MAKE_FRAG
      }
  
  =head2 The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
  
  WriteMakefile() now does some basic sanity checks on its parameters to
  protect against typos and malformatted values.  This means some things
  which happened to work in the past will now throw warnings and
  possibly produce internal errors.
  
  Some of the most common mistakes:
  
  =over 2
  
  =item C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
  
  This is commonly used to suppress the creation of man pages.  MAN3PODS
  takes a hash ref not a string, but the above worked by accident in old
  versions of MakeMaker.
  
  The correct code is C<< MAN3PODS => { } >>.
  
  =back
  
  
  =head2 Hintsfile support
  
  MakeMaker.pm uses the architecture-specific information from
  Config.pm. In addition it evaluates architecture specific hints files
  in a C<hints/> directory. The hints files are expected to be named
  like their counterparts in C<PERL_SRC/hints>, but with an C<.pl> file
  name extension (eg. C<next_3_2.pl>). They are simply C<eval>ed by
  MakeMaker within the WriteMakefile() subroutine, and can be used to
  execute commands as well as to include special variables. The rules
  which hintsfile is chosen are the same as in Configure.
  
  The hintsfile is eval()ed immediately after the arguments given to
  WriteMakefile are stuffed into a hash reference $self but before this
  reference becomes blessed. So if you want to do the equivalent to
  override or create an attribute you would say something like
  
      $self->{LIBS} = ['-ldbm -lucb -lc'];
  
  =head2 Distribution Support
  
  For authors of extensions MakeMaker provides several Makefile
  targets. Most of the support comes from the ExtUtils::Manifest module,
  where additional documentation can be found.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item    make distcheck
  
  reports which files are below the build directory but not in the
  MANIFEST file and vice versa. (See ExtUtils::Manifest::fullcheck() for
  details)
  
  =item    make skipcheck
  
  reports which files are skipped due to the entries in the
  C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (See ExtUtils::Manifest::skipcheck() for
  details)
  
  =item    make distclean
  
  does a realclean first and then the distcheck. Note that this is not
  needed to build a new distribution as long as you are sure that the
  MANIFEST file is ok.
  
  =item    make veryclean
  
  does a realclean first and then removes backup files such as C<*~>,
  C<*.bak>, C<*.old> and C<*.orig>
  
  =item    make manifest
  
  rewrites the MANIFEST file, adding all remaining files found (See
  ExtUtils::Manifest::mkmanifest() for details)
  
  =item    make distdir
  
  Copies all the files that are in the MANIFEST file to a newly created
  directory with the name C<$(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION)>. If that directory
  exists, it will be removed first.
  
  Additionally, it will create META.yml and META.json module meta-data file
  in the distdir and add this to the distdir's MANIFEST.  You can shut this
  behavior off with the NO_META flag.
  
  =item   make disttest
  
  Makes a distdir first, and runs a C<perl Makefile.PL>, a make, and
  a make test in that directory.
  
  =item    make tardist
  
  First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
  command, followed by $(TO_UNIX), which defaults to a null command under
  UNIX, and will convert files in distribution directory to UNIX format
  otherwise. Next it runs C<tar> on that directory into a tarfile and
  deletes the directory. Finishes with a command $(POSTOP) which
  defaults to a null command.
  
  =item    make dist
  
  Defaults to $(DIST_DEFAULT) which in turn defaults to tardist.
  
  =item    make uutardist
  
  Runs a tardist first and uuencodes the tarfile.
  
  =item    make shdist
  
  First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
  command. Next it runs C<shar> on that directory into a sharfile and
  deletes the intermediate directory again. Finishes with a command
  $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.  Note: For shdist to work
  properly a C<shar> program that can handle directories is mandatory.
  
  =item    make zipdist
  
  First does a distdir. Then a command $(PREOP) which defaults to a null
  command. Runs C<$(ZIP) $(ZIPFLAGS)> on that directory into a
  zipfile. Then deletes that directory. Finishes with a command
  $(POSTOP) which defaults to a null command.
  
  =item    make ci
  
  Does a $(CI) and a $(RCS_LABEL) on all files in the MANIFEST file.
  
  =back
  
  Customization of the dist targets can be done by specifying a hash
  reference to the dist attribute of the WriteMakefile call. The
  following parameters are recognized:
  
      CI           ('ci -u')
      COMPRESS     ('gzip --best')
      POSTOP       ('@ :')
      PREOP        ('@ :')
      TO_UNIX      (depends on the system)
      RCS_LABEL    ('rcs -q -Nv$(VERSION_SYM):')
      SHAR         ('shar')
      SUFFIX       ('.gz')
      TAR          ('tar')
      TARFLAGS     ('cvf')
      ZIP          ('zip')
      ZIPFLAGS     ('-r')
  
  An example:
  
      WriteMakefile(
          ...other options...
          dist => {
              COMPRESS => "bzip2",
              SUFFIX   => ".bz2"
          }
      );
  
  
  =head2 Module Meta-Data (META and MYMETA)
  
  Long plaguing users of MakeMaker based modules has been the problem of
  getting basic information about the module out of the sources
  I<without> running the F<Makefile.PL> and doing a bunch of messy
  heuristics on the resulting F<Makefile>.  Over the years, it has become
  standard to keep this information in one or more CPAN Meta files
  distributed with each distribution.
  
  The original format of CPAN Meta files was L<YAML> and the corresponding
  file was called F<META.yml>.  In 2010, version 2 of the L<CPAN::Meta::Spec>
  was released, which mandates JSON format for the metadata in order to
  overcome certain compatibility issues between YAML serializers and to
  avoid breaking older clients unable to handle a new version of the spec.
  The L<CPAN::Meta> library is now standard for accessing old and new-style
  Meta files.
  
  If L<CPAN::Meta> is installed, MakeMaker will automatically generate
  F<META.json> and F<META.yml> files for you and add them to your F<MANIFEST> as
  part of the 'distdir' target (and thus the 'dist' target).  This is intended to
  seamlessly and rapidly populate CPAN with module meta-data.  If you wish to
  shut this feature off, set the C<NO_META> C<WriteMakefile()> flag to true.
  
  At the 2008 QA Hackathon in Oslo, Perl module toolchain maintainers agreed
  to use the CPAN Meta format to communicate post-configuration requirements
  between toolchain components.  These files, F<MYMETA.json> and F<MYMETA.yml>,
  are generated when F<Makefile.PL> generates a F<Makefile> (if L<CPAN::Meta>
  is installed).  Clients like L<CPAN> or L<CPANPLUS> will read these
  files to see what prerequisites must be fulfilled before building or testing
  the distribution.  If you wish to shut this feature off, set the C<NO_MYMETA>
  C<WriteMakeFile()> flag to true.
  
  =head2 Disabling an extension
  
  If some events detected in F<Makefile.PL> imply that there is no way
  to create the Module, but this is a normal state of things, then you
  can create a F<Makefile> which does nothing, but succeeds on all the
  "usual" build targets.  To do so, use
  
      use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw(WriteEmptyMakefile);
      WriteEmptyMakefile();
  
  instead of WriteMakefile().
  
  This may be useful if other modules expect this module to be I<built>
  OK, as opposed to I<work> OK (say, this system-dependent module builds
  in a subdirectory of some other distribution, or is listed as a
  dependency in a CPAN::Bundle, but the functionality is supported by
  different means on the current architecture).
  
  =head2 Other Handy Functions
  
  =over 4
  
  =item prompt
  
      my $value = prompt($message);
      my $value = prompt($message, $default);
  
  The C<prompt()> function provides an easy way to request user input
  used to write a makefile.  It displays the $message as a prompt for
  input.  If a $default is provided it will be used as a default.  The
  function returns the $value selected by the user.
  
  If C<prompt()> detects that it is not running interactively and there
  is nothing on STDIN or if the PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT environment variable
  is set to true, the $default will be used without prompting.  This
  prevents automated processes from blocking on user input.
  
  If no $default is provided an empty string will be used instead.
  
  =item os_unsupported
  
    os_unsupported();
    os_unsupported if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
  
  The C<os_unsupported()> function provides a way to correctly exit your
  C<Makefile.PL> before calling C<WriteMakefile>. It is essentially a
  C<die> with the message "OS unsupported".
  
  This is supported since 7.26
  
  =back
  
  =head2 Supported versions of Perl
  
  Please note that while this module works on Perl 5.6, it is no longer
  being routinely tested on 5.6 - the earliest Perl version being routinely
  tested, and expressly supported, is 5.8.1. However, patches to repair
  any breakage on 5.6 are still being accepted.
  
  =head1 ENVIRONMENT
  
  =over 4
  
  =item PERL_MM_OPT
  
  Command line options used by C<MakeMaker-E<gt>new()>, and thus by
  C<WriteMakefile()>.  The string is split as the shell would, and the result
  is processed before any actual command line arguments are processed.
  
    PERL_MM_OPT='CCFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath -Wl,/foo/bar/lib" LIBS="-lwibble -lwobble"'
  
  =item PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
  
  If set to a true value then MakeMaker's prompt function will
  always return the default without waiting for user input.
  
  =item PERL_CORE
  
  Same as the PERL_CORE parameter.  The parameter overrides this.
  
  =back
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<Module::Build> is a pure-Perl alternative to MakeMaker which does
  not rely on make or any other external utility.  It is easier to
  extend to suit your needs.
  
  L<Module::Install> is a wrapper around MakeMaker which adds features
  not normally available.
  
  L<ExtUtils::ModuleMaker> and L<Module::Starter> are both modules to
  help you setup your distribution.
  
  L<CPAN::Meta> and L<CPAN::Meta::Spec> explain CPAN Meta files in detail.
  
  L<File::ShareDir::Install> makes it easy to install static, sometimes
  also referred to as 'shared' files. L<File::ShareDir> helps accessing
  the shared files after installation.
  
  L<Dist::Zilla> makes it easy for the module author to create MakeMaker-based
  distributions with lots of bells and whistles.
  
  =head1 AUTHORS
  
  Andy Dougherty C<doughera@lafayette.edu>, Andreas KE<ouml>nig
  C<andreas.koenig@mind.de>, Tim Bunce C<timb@cpan.org>.  VMS
  support by Charles Bailey C<bailey@newman.upenn.edu>.  OS/2 support
  by Ilya Zakharevich C<ilya@math.ohio-state.edu>.
  
  Currently maintained by Michael G Schwern C<schwern@pobox.com>
  
  Send patches and ideas to C<makemaker@perl.org>.
  
  Send bug reports via http://rt.cpan.org/.  Please send your
  generated Makefile along with your report.
  
  For more up-to-date information, see L<https://metacpan.org/release/ExtUtils-MakeMaker>.
  
  Repository available at L<https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/ExtUtils-MakeMaker>.
  
  =head1 LICENSE
  
  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
  
  See L<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html>
  
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MakeMaker/Config.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_CONFIG';
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
  
  use strict;
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  use Config ();
  
  # Give us an overridable config.
  our %Config = %Config::Config;
  
  sub import {
      my $caller = caller;
  
      no strict 'refs';   ## no critic
      *{$caller.'::Config'} = \%Config;
  }
  
  1;
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
  
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config;
    print $Config{installbin};  # or whatever
  
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  B<FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY>
  
  A very thin wrapper around Config.pm so MakeMaker is easier to test.
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_CONFIG

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MakeMaker/Locale.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_LOCALE';
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale;
  
  use strict;
  our $VERSION = "7.34";
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  use base 'Exporter';
  our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
      decode_argv env
      $ENCODING_LOCALE $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS
      $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT
  );
  
  use Encode ();
  use Encode::Alias ();
  
  our $ENCODING_LOCALE;
  our $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS;
  our $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN;
  our $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT;
  
  sub DEBUG () { 0 }
  
  sub _init {
      if ($^O eq "MSWin32") {
  	unless ($ENCODING_LOCALE) {
  	    # Try to obtain what the Windows ANSI code page is
  	    eval {
  		unless (defined &GetConsoleCP) {
  		    require Win32;
                      # manually "import" it since Win32->import refuses
  		    *GetConsoleCP = sub { &Win32::GetConsoleCP } if defined &Win32::GetConsoleCP;
  		}
  		unless (defined &GetConsoleCP) {
  		    require Win32::API;
  		    Win32::API->Import('kernel32', 'int GetConsoleCP()');
  		}
  		if (defined &GetConsoleCP) {
  		    my $cp = GetConsoleCP();
  		    $ENCODING_LOCALE = "cp$cp" if $cp;
  		}
  	    };
  	}
  
  	unless ($ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN) {
              # only test one since set together
              unless (defined &GetInputCP) {
                  eval {
                      require Win32;
                      eval { Win32::GetConsoleCP() };
                      # manually "import" it since Win32->import refuses
                      *GetInputCP = sub { &Win32::GetConsoleCP } if defined &Win32::GetConsoleCP;
                      *GetOutputCP = sub { &Win32::GetConsoleOutputCP } if defined &Win32::GetConsoleOutputCP;
                  };
                  unless (defined &GetInputCP) {
                      eval {
                          # try Win32::Console module for codepage to use
                          require Win32::Console;
                          *GetInputCP = sub { &Win32::Console::InputCP }
                              if defined &Win32::Console::InputCP;
                          *GetOutputCP = sub { &Win32::Console::OutputCP }
                              if defined &Win32::Console::OutputCP;
                      };
                  }
                  unless (defined &GetInputCP) {
                      # final fallback
                      *GetInputCP = *GetOutputCP = sub {
                          # another fallback that could work is:
                          # reg query HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\CodePage /v ACP
                          ((qx(chcp) || '') =~ /^Active code page: (\d+)/)
                              ? $1 : ();
                      };
                  }
  	    }
              my $cp = GetInputCP();
              $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN = "cp$cp" if $cp;
              $cp = GetOutputCP();
              $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT = "cp$cp" if $cp;
  	}
      }
  
      unless ($ENCODING_LOCALE) {
  	eval {
  	    require I18N::Langinfo;
  	    $ENCODING_LOCALE = I18N::Langinfo::langinfo(I18N::Langinfo::CODESET());
  
  	    # Workaround of Encode < v2.25.  The "646" encoding  alias was
  	    # introduced in Encode-2.25, but we don't want to require that version
  	    # quite yet.  Should avoid the CPAN testers failure reported from
  	    # openbsd-4.7/perl-5.10.0 combo.
  	    $ENCODING_LOCALE = "ascii" if $ENCODING_LOCALE eq "646";
  
  	    # https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=66373
  	    $ENCODING_LOCALE = "hp-roman8" if $^O eq "hpux" && $ENCODING_LOCALE eq "roman8";
  	};
  	$ENCODING_LOCALE ||= $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN;
      }
  
      if ($^O eq "darwin") {
  	$ENCODING_LOCALE_FS ||= "UTF-8";
      }
  
      # final fallback
      $ENCODING_LOCALE ||= $^O eq "MSWin32" ? "cp1252" : "UTF-8";
      $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS ||= $ENCODING_LOCALE;
      $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN ||= $ENCODING_LOCALE;
      $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT ||= $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN;
  
      unless (Encode::find_encoding($ENCODING_LOCALE)) {
  	my $foundit;
  	if (lc($ENCODING_LOCALE) eq "gb18030") {
  	    eval {
  		require Encode::HanExtra;
  	    };
  	    if ($@) {
  		die "Need Encode::HanExtra to be installed to support locale codeset ($ENCODING_LOCALE), stopped";
  	    }
  	    $foundit++ if Encode::find_encoding($ENCODING_LOCALE);
  	}
  	die "The locale codeset ($ENCODING_LOCALE) isn't one that perl can decode, stopped"
  	    unless $foundit;
  
      }
  
      # use Data::Dump; ddx $ENCODING_LOCALE, $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS, $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN, $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT;
  }
  
  _init();
  Encode::Alias::define_alias(sub {
      no strict 'refs';
      no warnings 'once';
      return ${"ENCODING_" . uc(shift)};
  }, "locale");
  
  sub _flush_aliases {
      no strict 'refs';
      for my $a (sort keys %Encode::Alias::Alias) {
  	if (defined ${"ENCODING_" . uc($a)}) {
  	    delete $Encode::Alias::Alias{$a};
  	    warn "Flushed alias cache for $a" if DEBUG;
  	}
      }
  }
  
  sub reinit {
      $ENCODING_LOCALE = shift;
      $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS = shift;
      $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN = $ENCODING_LOCALE;
      $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT = $ENCODING_LOCALE;
      _init();
      _flush_aliases();
  }
  
  sub decode_argv {
      die if defined wantarray;
      for (@ARGV) {
  	$_ = Encode::decode(locale => $_, @_);
      }
  }
  
  sub env {
      my $k = Encode::encode(locale => shift);
      my $old = $ENV{$k};
      if (@_) {
  	my $v = shift;
  	if (defined $v) {
  	    $ENV{$k} = Encode::encode(locale => $v);
  	}
  	else {
  	    delete $ENV{$k};
  	}
      }
      return Encode::decode(locale => $old) if defined wantarray;
  }
  
  1;
  
  __END__
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale - bundled Encode::Locale
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
    use Encode::Locale;
    use Encode;
  
    $string = decode(locale => $bytes);
    $bytes = encode(locale => $string);
  
    if (-t) {
        binmode(STDIN, ":encoding(console_in)");
        binmode(STDOUT, ":encoding(console_out)");
        binmode(STDERR, ":encoding(console_out)");
    }
  
    # Processing file names passed in as arguments
    my $uni_filename = decode(locale => $ARGV[0]);
    open(my $fh, "<", encode(locale_fs => $uni_filename))
       || die "Can't open '$uni_filename': $!";
    binmode($fh, ":encoding(locale)");
    ...
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  In many applications it's wise to let Perl use Unicode for the strings it
  processes.  Most of the interfaces Perl has to the outside world are still byte
  based.  Programs therefore need to decode byte strings that enter the program
  from the outside and encode them again on the way out.
  
  The POSIX locale system is used to specify both the language conventions
  requested by the user and the preferred character set to consume and
  output.  The C<Encode::Locale> module looks up the charset and encoding (called
  a CODESET in the locale jargon) and arranges for the L<Encode> module to know
  this encoding under the name "locale".  It means bytes obtained from the
  environment can be converted to Unicode strings by calling C<<
  Encode::encode(locale => $bytes) >> and converted back again with C<<
  Encode::decode(locale => $string) >>.
  
  Where file systems interfaces pass file names in and out of the program we also
  need care.  The trend is for operating systems to use a fixed file encoding
  that don't actually depend on the locale; and this module determines the most
  appropriate encoding for file names. The L<Encode> module will know this
  encoding under the name "locale_fs".  For traditional Unix systems this will
  be an alias to the same encoding as "locale".
  
  For programs running in a terminal window (called a "Console" on some systems)
  the "locale" encoding is usually a good choice for what to expect as input and
  output.  Some systems allows us to query the encoding set for the terminal and
  C<Encode::Locale> will do that if available and make these encodings known
  under the C<Encode> aliases "console_in" and "console_out".  For systems where
  we can't determine the terminal encoding these will be aliased as the same
  encoding as "locale".  The advice is to use "console_in" for input known to
  come from the terminal and "console_out" for output to the terminal.
  
  In addition to arranging for various Encode aliases the following functions and
  variables are provided:
  
  =over
  
  =item decode_argv( )
  
  =item decode_argv( Encode::FB_CROAK )
  
  This will decode the command line arguments to perl (the C<@ARGV> array) in-place.
  
  The function will by default replace characters that can't be decoded by
  "\x{FFFD}", the Unicode replacement character.
  
  Any argument provided is passed as CHECK to underlying Encode::decode() call.
  Pass the value C<Encode::FB_CROAK> to have the decoding croak if not all the
  command line arguments can be decoded.  See L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">
  for details on other options for CHECK.
  
  =item env( $uni_key )
  
  =item env( $uni_key => $uni_value )
  
  Interface to get/set environment variables.  Returns the current value as a
  Unicode string. The $uni_key and $uni_value arguments are expected to be
  Unicode strings as well.  Passing C<undef> as $uni_value deletes the
  environment variable named $uni_key.
  
  The returned value will have the characters that can't be decoded replaced by
  "\x{FFFD}", the Unicode replacement character.
  
  There is no interface to request alternative CHECK behavior as for
  decode_argv().  If you need that you need to call encode/decode yourself.
  For example:
  
      my $key = Encode::encode(locale => $uni_key, Encode::FB_CROAK);
      my $uni_value = Encode::decode(locale => $ENV{$key}, Encode::FB_CROAK);
  
  =item reinit( )
  
  =item reinit( $encoding )
  
  Reinitialize the encodings from the locale.  You want to call this function if
  you changed anything in the environment that might influence the locale.
  
  This function will croak if the determined encoding isn't recognized by
  the Encode module.
  
  With argument force $ENCODING_... variables to set to the given value.
  
  =item $ENCODING_LOCALE
  
  The encoding name determined to be suitable for the current locale.
  L<Encode> know this encoding as "locale".
  
  =item $ENCODING_LOCALE_FS
  
  The encoding name determined to be suitable for file system interfaces
  involving file names.
  L<Encode> know this encoding as "locale_fs".
  
  =item $ENCODING_CONSOLE_IN
  
  =item $ENCODING_CONSOLE_OUT
  
  The encodings to be used for reading and writing output to the a console.
  L<Encode> know these encodings as "console_in" and "console_out".
  
  =back
  
  =head1 NOTES
  
  This table summarizes the mapping of the encodings set up
  by the C<Encode::Locale> module:
  
    Encode      |         |              |
    Alias       | Windows | Mac OS X     | POSIX
    ------------+---------+--------------+------------
    locale      | ANSI    | nl_langinfo  | nl_langinfo
    locale_fs   | ANSI    | UTF-8        | nl_langinfo
    console_in  | OEM     | nl_langinfo  | nl_langinfo
    console_out | OEM     | nl_langinfo  | nl_langinfo
  
  =head2 Windows
  
  Windows has basically 2 sets of APIs.  A wide API (based on passing UTF-16
  strings) and a byte based API based a character set called ANSI.  The
  regular Perl interfaces to the OS currently only uses the ANSI APIs.
  Unfortunately ANSI is not a single character set.
  
  The encoding that corresponds to ANSI varies between different editions of
  Windows.  For many western editions of Windows ANSI corresponds to CP-1252
  which is a character set similar to ISO-8859-1.  Conceptually the ANSI
  character set is a similar concept to the POSIX locale CODESET so this module
  figures out what the ANSI code page is and make this available as
  $ENCODING_LOCALE and the "locale" Encoding alias.
  
  Windows systems also operate with another byte based character set.
  It's called the OEM code page.  This is the encoding that the Console
  takes as input and output.  It's common for the OEM code page to
  differ from the ANSI code page.
  
  =head2 Mac OS X
  
  On Mac OS X the file system encoding is always UTF-8 while the locale
  can otherwise be set up as normal for POSIX systems.
  
  File names on Mac OS X will at the OS-level be converted to
  NFD-form.  A file created by passing a NFC-filename will come
  in NFD-form from readdir().  See L<Unicode::Normalize> for details
  of NFD/NFC.
  
  Actually, Apple does not follow the Unicode NFD standard since not all
  character ranges are decomposed.  The claim is that this avoids problems with
  round trip conversions from old Mac text encodings.  See L<Encode::UTF8Mac> for
  details.
  
  =head2 POSIX (Linux and other Unixes)
  
  File systems might vary in what encoding is to be used for
  filenames.  Since this module has no way to actually figure out
  what the is correct it goes with the best guess which is to
  assume filenames are encoding according to the current locale.
  Users are advised to always specify UTF-8 as the locale charset.
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<I18N::Langinfo>, L<Encode>, L<Term::Encoding>
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Copyright 2010 Gisle Aas <gisle@aas.no>.
  
  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_LOCALE

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MakeMaker/version.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_VERSION';
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # This is a modified copy of version.pm 0.9909, bundled exclusively for
  # use by ExtUtils::Makemaker and its dependencies to bootstrap when
  # version.pm is not available.  It should not be used by ordinary modules.
  #
  # When loaded, it will try to load version.pm.  If that fails, it will load
  # ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp and alias various *version functions
  # to functions in that module.  It will also override UNIVERSAL::VERSION.
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version;
  
  use 5.006001;
  use strict;
  
  use vars qw(@ISA $VERSION $CLASS $STRICT $LAX *declare *qv);
  
  $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  $CLASS = 'version';
  
  {
      local $SIG{'__DIE__'};
      eval "use version";
      if ( $@ ) { # don't have any version.pm installed
          eval "use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp";
          die "$@" if ( $@ );
          local $^W;
          delete $INC{'version.pm'};
          $INC{'version.pm'} = $INC{'ExtUtils/MakeMaker/version.pm'};
          push @version::ISA, "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp";
          $version::VERSION = $VERSION;
          *version::qv = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::qv;
          *version::declare = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::declare;
          *version::_VERSION = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::_VERSION;
          *version::vcmp = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::vcmp;
          *version::new = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::new;
          if ($] >= 5.009000) {
              no strict 'refs';
              *version::stringify = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::stringify;
              *{'version::(""'} = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::stringify;
              *{'version::(<=>'} = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::vcmp;
              *version::parse = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::parse;
          }
          require ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex;
          *version::is_lax = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::is_lax;
          *version::is_strict = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::is_strict;
          *LAX = \$ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::LAX;
          *STRICT = \$ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::STRICT;
      }
      elsif ( ! version->can('is_qv') ) {
          *version::is_qv = sub { exists $_[0]->{qv} };
      }
  }
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_VERSION

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MakeMaker/version/regex.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_VERSION_REGEX';
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # This is a modified copy of version.pm 0.9909, bundled exclusively for
  # use by ExtUtils::Makemaker and its dependencies to bootstrap when
  # version.pm is not available.  It should not be used by ordinary modules.
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex;
  
  use strict;
  
  use vars qw($VERSION $CLASS $STRICT $LAX);
  
  $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # Version regexp components
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  # Fraction part of a decimal version number.  This is a common part of
  # both strict and lax decimal versions
  
  my $FRACTION_PART = qr/\.[0-9]+/;
  
  # First part of either decimal or dotted-decimal strict version number.
  # Unsigned integer with no leading zeroes (except for zero itself) to
  # avoid confusion with octal.
  
  my $STRICT_INTEGER_PART = qr/0|[1-9][0-9]*/;
  
  # First part of either decimal or dotted-decimal lax version number.
  # Unsigned integer, but allowing leading zeros.  Always interpreted
  # as decimal.  However, some forms of the resulting syntax give odd
  # results if used as ordinary Perl expressions, due to how perl treats
  # octals.  E.g.
  #   version->new("010" ) == 10
  #   version->new( 010  ) == 8
  #   version->new( 010.2) == 82  # "8" . "2"
  
  my $LAX_INTEGER_PART = qr/[0-9]+/;
  
  # Second and subsequent part of a strict dotted-decimal version number.
  # Leading zeroes are permitted, and the number is always decimal.
  # Limited to three digits to avoid overflow when converting to decimal
  # form and also avoid problematic style with excessive leading zeroes.
  
  my $STRICT_DOTTED_DECIMAL_PART = qr/\.[0-9]{1,3}/;
  
  # Second and subsequent part of a lax dotted-decimal version number.
  # Leading zeroes are permitted, and the number is always decimal.  No
  # limit on the numerical value or number of digits, so there is the
  # possibility of overflow when converting to decimal form.
  
  my $LAX_DOTTED_DECIMAL_PART = qr/\.[0-9]+/;
  
  # Alpha suffix part of lax version number syntax.  Acts like a
  # dotted-decimal part.
  
  my $LAX_ALPHA_PART = qr/_[0-9]+/;
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # Strict version regexp definitions
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  # Strict decimal version number.
  
  my $STRICT_DECIMAL_VERSION =
      qr/ $STRICT_INTEGER_PART $FRACTION_PART? /x;
  
  # Strict dotted-decimal version number.  Must have both leading "v" and
  # at least three parts, to avoid confusion with decimal syntax.
  
  my $STRICT_DOTTED_DECIMAL_VERSION =
      qr/ v $STRICT_INTEGER_PART $STRICT_DOTTED_DECIMAL_PART{2,} /x;
  
  # Complete strict version number syntax -- should generally be used
  # anchored: qr/ \A $STRICT \z /x
  
  $STRICT =
      qr/ $STRICT_DECIMAL_VERSION | $STRICT_DOTTED_DECIMAL_VERSION /x;
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # Lax version regexp definitions
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  # Lax decimal version number.  Just like the strict one except for
  # allowing an alpha suffix or allowing a leading or trailing
  # decimal-point
  
  my $LAX_DECIMAL_VERSION =
      qr/ $LAX_INTEGER_PART (?: \. | $FRACTION_PART $LAX_ALPHA_PART? )?
  	|
  	$FRACTION_PART $LAX_ALPHA_PART?
      /x;
  
  # Lax dotted-decimal version number.  Distinguished by having either
  # leading "v" or at least three non-alpha parts.  Alpha part is only
  # permitted if there are at least two non-alpha parts. Strangely
  # enough, without the leading "v", Perl takes .1.2 to mean v0.1.2,
  # so when there is no "v", the leading part is optional
  
  my $LAX_DOTTED_DECIMAL_VERSION =
      qr/
  	v $LAX_INTEGER_PART (?: $LAX_DOTTED_DECIMAL_PART+ $LAX_ALPHA_PART? )?
  	|
  	$LAX_INTEGER_PART? $LAX_DOTTED_DECIMAL_PART{2,} $LAX_ALPHA_PART?
      /x;
  
  # Complete lax version number syntax -- should generally be used
  # anchored: qr/ \A $LAX \z /x
  #
  # The string 'undef' is a special case to make for easier handling
  # of return values from ExtUtils::MM->parse_version
  
  $LAX =
      qr/ undef | $LAX_DECIMAL_VERSION | $LAX_DOTTED_DECIMAL_VERSION /x;
  
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  # Preloaded methods go here.
  sub is_strict	{ defined $_[0] && $_[0] =~ qr/ \A $STRICT \z /x }
  sub is_lax	{ defined $_[0] && $_[0] =~ qr/ \A $LAX \z /x }
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_VERSION_REGEX

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/MakeMaker/version/vpp.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_VERSION_VPP';
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  # This is a modified copy of version.pm 0.9909, bundled exclusively for
  # use by ExtUtils::Makemaker and its dependencies to bootstrap when
  # version.pm is not available.  It should not be used by ordinary modules.
  #--------------------------------------------------------------------------#
  
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::charstar;
  # a little helper class to emulate C char* semantics in Perl
  # so that prescan_version can use the same code as in C
  
  use overload (
      '""'	=> \&thischar,
      '0+'	=> \&thischar,
      '++'	=> \&increment,
      '--'	=> \&decrement,
      '+'		=> \&plus,
      '-'		=> \&minus,
      '*'		=> \&multiply,
      'cmp'	=> \&cmp,
      '<=>'	=> \&spaceship,
      'bool'	=> \&thischar,
      '='		=> \&clone,
  );
  
  sub new {
      my ($self, $string) = @_;
      my $class = ref($self) || $self;
  
      my $obj = {
  	string  => [split(//,$string)],
  	current => 0,
      };
      return bless $obj, $class;
  }
  
  sub thischar {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $last = $#{$self->{string}};
      my $curr = $self->{current};
      if ($curr >= 0 && $curr <= $last) {
  	return $self->{string}->[$curr];
      }
      else {
  	return '';
      }
  }
  
  sub increment {
      my ($self) = @_;
      $self->{current}++;
  }
  
  sub decrement {
      my ($self) = @_;
      $self->{current}--;
  }
  
  sub plus {
      my ($self, $offset) = @_;
      my $rself = $self->clone;
      $rself->{current} += $offset;
      return $rself;
  }
  
  sub minus {
      my ($self, $offset) = @_;
      my $rself = $self->clone;
      $rself->{current} -= $offset;
      return $rself;
  }
  
  sub multiply {
      my ($left, $right, $swapped) = @_;
      my $char = $left->thischar();
      return $char * $right;
  }
  
  sub spaceship {
      my ($left, $right, $swapped) = @_;
      unless (ref($right)) { # not an object already
  	$right = $left->new($right);
      }
      return $left->{current} <=> $right->{current};
  }
  
  sub cmp {
      my ($left, $right, $swapped) = @_;
      unless (ref($right)) { # not an object already
  	if (length($right) == 1) { # comparing single character only
  	    return $left->thischar cmp $right;
  	}
  	$right = $left->new($right);
      }
      return $left->currstr cmp $right->currstr;
  }
  
  sub bool {
      my ($self) = @_;
      my $char = $self->thischar;
      return ($char ne '');
  }
  
  sub clone {
      my ($left, $right, $swapped) = @_;
      $right = {
  	string  => [@{$left->{string}}],
  	current => $left->{current},
      };
      return bless $right, ref($left);
  }
  
  sub currstr {
      my ($self, $s) = @_;
      my $curr = $self->{current};
      my $last = $#{$self->{string}};
      if (defined($s) && $s->{current} < $last) {
  	$last = $s->{current};
      }
  
      my $string = join('', @{$self->{string}}[$curr..$last]);
      return $string;
  }
  
  package ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp;
  
  use 5.006001;
  use strict;
  
  use Config;
  use vars qw($VERSION $CLASS @ISA $LAX $STRICT);
  $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  $CLASS = 'ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp';
  
  require ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex;
  *ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::is_strict = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::is_strict;
  *ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp::is_lax = \&ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::is_lax;
  *LAX = \$ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::LAX;
  *STRICT = \$ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::regex::STRICT;
  
  use overload (
      '""'       => \&stringify,
      '0+'       => \&numify,
      'cmp'      => \&vcmp,
      '<=>'      => \&vcmp,
      'bool'     => \&vbool,
      '+'        => \&vnoop,
      '-'        => \&vnoop,
      '*'        => \&vnoop,
      '/'        => \&vnoop,
      '+='        => \&vnoop,
      '-='        => \&vnoop,
      '*='        => \&vnoop,
      '/='        => \&vnoop,
      'abs'      => \&vnoop,
  );
  
  eval "use warnings";
  if ($@) {
      eval '
  	package
  	warnings;
  	sub enabled {return $^W;}
  	1;
      ';
  }
  
  sub import {
      no strict 'refs';
      my ($class) = shift;
  
      # Set up any derived class
      unless ($class eq $CLASS) {
  	local $^W;
  	*{$class.'::declare'} =  \&{$CLASS.'::declare'};
  	*{$class.'::qv'} = \&{$CLASS.'::qv'};
      }
  
      my %args;
      if (@_) { # any remaining terms are arguments
  	map { $args{$_} = 1 } @_
      }
      else { # no parameters at all on use line
  	%args =
  	(
  	    qv => 1,
  	    'UNIVERSAL::VERSION' => 1,
  	);
      }
  
      my $callpkg = caller();
  
      if (exists($args{declare})) {
  	*{$callpkg.'::declare'} =
  	    sub {return $class->declare(shift) }
  	  unless defined(&{$callpkg.'::declare'});
      }
  
      if (exists($args{qv})) {
  	*{$callpkg.'::qv'} =
  	    sub {return $class->qv(shift) }
  	  unless defined(&{$callpkg.'::qv'});
      }
  
      if (exists($args{'UNIVERSAL::VERSION'})) {
  	local $^W;
  	*UNIVERSAL::VERSION
  		= \&{$CLASS.'::_VERSION'};
      }
  
      if (exists($args{'VERSION'})) {
  	*{$callpkg.'::VERSION'} = \&{$CLASS.'::_VERSION'};
      }
  
      if (exists($args{'is_strict'})) {
  	*{$callpkg.'::is_strict'} = \&{$CLASS.'::is_strict'}
  	  unless defined(&{$callpkg.'::is_strict'});
      }
  
      if (exists($args{'is_lax'})) {
  	*{$callpkg.'::is_lax'} = \&{$CLASS.'::is_lax'}
  	  unless defined(&{$callpkg.'::is_lax'});
      }
  }
  
  my $VERSION_MAX = 0x7FFFFFFF;
  
  # implement prescan_version as closely to the C version as possible
  use constant TRUE  => 1;
  use constant FALSE => 0;
  
  sub isDIGIT {
      my ($char) = shift->thischar();
      return ($char =~ /\d/);
  }
  
  sub isALPHA {
      my ($char) = shift->thischar();
      return ($char =~ /[a-zA-Z]/);
  }
  
  sub isSPACE {
      my ($char) = shift->thischar();
      return ($char =~ /\s/);
  }
  
  sub BADVERSION {
      my ($s, $errstr, $error) = @_;
      if ($errstr) {
  	$$errstr = $error;
      }
      return $s;
  }
  
  sub prescan_version {
      my ($s, $strict, $errstr, $sqv, $ssaw_decimal, $swidth, $salpha) = @_;
      my $qv          = defined $sqv          ? $$sqv          : FALSE;
      my $saw_decimal = defined $ssaw_decimal ? $$ssaw_decimal : 0;
      my $width       = defined $swidth       ? $$swidth       : 3;
      my $alpha       = defined $salpha       ? $$salpha       : FALSE;
  
      my $d = $s;
  
      if ($qv && isDIGIT($d)) {
  	goto dotted_decimal_version;
      }
  
      if ($d eq 'v') { # explicit v-string
  	$d++;
  	if (isDIGIT($d)) {
  	    $qv = TRUE;
  	}
  	else { # degenerate v-string
  	    # requires v1.2.3
  	    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (dotted-decimal versions require at least three parts)");
  	}
  
  dotted_decimal_version:
  	if ($strict && $d eq '0' && isDIGIT($d+1)) {
  	    # no leading zeros allowed
  	    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (no leading zeros)");
  	}
  
  	while (isDIGIT($d)) { 	# integer part
  	    $d++;
  	}
  
  	if ($d eq '.')
  	{
  	    $saw_decimal++;
  	    $d++; 		# decimal point
  	}
  	else
  	{
  	    if ($strict) {
  		# require v1.2.3
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (dotted-decimal versions require at least three parts)");
  	    }
  	    else {
  		goto version_prescan_finish;
  	    }
  	}
  
  	{
  	    my $i = 0;
  	    my $j = 0;
  	    while (isDIGIT($d)) {	# just keep reading
  		$i++;
  		while (isDIGIT($d)) {
  		    $d++; $j++;
  		    # maximum 3 digits between decimal
  		    if ($strict && $j > 3) {
  			return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (maximum 3 digits between decimals)");
  		    }
  		}
  		if ($d eq '_') {
  		    if ($strict) {
  			return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (no underscores)");
  		    }
  		    if ( $alpha ) {
  			return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (multiple underscores)");
  		    }
  		    $d++;
  		    $alpha = TRUE;
  		}
  		elsif ($d eq '.') {
  		    if ($alpha) {
  			return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)");
  		    }
  		    $saw_decimal++;
  		    $d++;
  		}
  		elsif (!isDIGIT($d)) {
  		    last;
  		}
  		$j = 0;
  	    }
  
  	    if ($strict && $i < 2) {
  		# requires v1.2.3
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (dotted-decimal versions require at least three parts)");
  	    }
  	}
      } 					# end if dotted-decimal
      else
      {					# decimal versions
  	my $j = 0;
  	# special $strict case for leading '.' or '0'
  	if ($strict) {
  	    if ($d eq '.') {
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (0 before decimal required)");
  	    }
  	    if ($d eq '0' && isDIGIT($d+1)) {
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (no leading zeros)");
  	    }
  	}
  
  	# and we never support negative version numbers
  	if ($d eq '-') {
  	    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (negative version number)");
  	}
  
  	# consume all of the integer part
  	while (isDIGIT($d)) {
  	    $d++;
  	}
  
  	# look for a fractional part
  	if ($d eq '.') {
  	    # we found it, so consume it
  	    $saw_decimal++;
  	    $d++;
  	}
  	elsif (!$d || $d eq ';' || isSPACE($d) || $d eq '}') {
  	    if ( $d == $s ) {
  		# found nothing
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (version required)");
  	    }
  	    # found just an integer
  	    goto version_prescan_finish;
  	}
  	elsif ( $d == $s ) {
  	    # didn't find either integer or period
  	    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (non-numeric data)");
  	}
  	elsif ($d eq '_') {
  	    # underscore can't come after integer part
  	    if ($strict) {
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (no underscores)");
  	    }
  	    elsif (isDIGIT($d+1)) {
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (alpha without decimal)");
  	    }
  	    else {
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (misplaced underscore)");
  	    }
  	}
  	elsif ($d) {
  	    # anything else after integer part is just invalid data
  	    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (non-numeric data)");
  	}
  
  	# scan the fractional part after the decimal point
  	if ($d && !isDIGIT($d) && ($strict || ! ($d eq ';' || isSPACE($d) || $d eq '}') )) {
  		# $strict or lax-but-not-the-end
  		return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (fractional part required)");
  	}
  
  	while (isDIGIT($d)) {
  	    $d++; $j++;
  	    if ($d eq '.' && isDIGIT($d-1)) {
  		if ($alpha) {
  		    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)");
  		}
  		if ($strict) {
  		    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (dotted-decimal versions must begin with 'v')");
  		}
  		$d = $s; # start all over again
  		$qv = TRUE;
  		goto dotted_decimal_version;
  	    }
  	    if ($d eq '_') {
  		if ($strict) {
  		    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (no underscores)");
  		}
  		if ( $alpha ) {
  		    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (multiple underscores)");
  		}
  		if ( ! isDIGIT($d+1) ) {
  		    return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (misplaced underscore)");
  		}
  		$width = $j;
  		$d++;
  		$alpha = TRUE;
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
  version_prescan_finish:
      while (isSPACE($d)) {
  	$d++;
      }
  
      if ($d && !isDIGIT($d) && (! ($d eq ';' || $d eq '}') )) {
  	# trailing non-numeric data
  	return BADVERSION($s,$errstr,"Invalid version format (non-numeric data)");
      }
  
      if (defined $sqv) {
  	$$sqv = $qv;
      }
      if (defined $swidth) {
  	$$swidth = $width;
      }
      if (defined $ssaw_decimal) {
  	$$ssaw_decimal = $saw_decimal;
      }
      if (defined $salpha) {
  	$$salpha = $alpha;
      }
      return $d;
  }
  
  sub scan_version {
      my ($s, $rv, $qv) = @_;
      my $start;
      my $pos;
      my $last;
      my $errstr;
      my $saw_decimal = 0;
      my $width = 3;
      my $alpha = FALSE;
      my $vinf = FALSE;
      my @av;
  
      $s = new ExtUtils::MakeMaker::charstar $s;
  
      while (isSPACE($s)) { # leading whitespace is OK
  	$s++;
      }
  
      $last = prescan_version($s, FALSE, \$errstr, \$qv, \$saw_decimal,
  	\$width, \$alpha);
  
      if ($errstr) {
  	# 'undef' is a special case and not an error
  	if ( $s ne 'undef') {
  	    require Carp;
  	    Carp::croak($errstr);
  	}
      }
  
      $start = $s;
      if ($s eq 'v') {
  	$s++;
      }
      $pos = $s;
  
      if ( $qv ) {
  	$$rv->{qv} = $qv;
      }
      if ( $alpha ) {
  	$$rv->{alpha} = $alpha;
      }
      if ( !$qv && $width < 3 ) {
  	$$rv->{width} = $width;
      }
  
      while (isDIGIT($pos)) {
  	$pos++;
      }
      if (!isALPHA($pos)) {
  	my $rev;
  
  	for (;;) {
  	    $rev = 0;
  	    {
    		# this is atoi() that delimits on underscores
    		my $end = $pos;
    		my $mult = 1;
  		my $orev;
  
  		#  the following if() will only be true after the decimal
  		#  point of a version originally created with a bare
  		#  floating point number, i.e. not quoted in any way
  		#
   		if ( !$qv && $s > $start && $saw_decimal == 1 ) {
  		    $mult *= 100;
   		    while ( $s < $end ) {
  			$orev = $rev;
   			$rev += $s * $mult;
   			$mult /= 10;
  			if (   (abs($orev) > abs($rev))
  			    || (abs($rev) > $VERSION_MAX )) {
  			    warn("Integer overflow in version %d",
  					   $VERSION_MAX);
  			    $s = $end - 1;
  			    $rev = $VERSION_MAX;
  			    $vinf = 1;
  			}
   			$s++;
  			if ( $s eq '_' ) {
  			    $s++;
  			}
   		    }
    		}
   		else {
   		    while (--$end >= $s) {
  			$orev = $rev;
   			$rev += $end * $mult;
   			$mult *= 10;
  			if (   (abs($orev) > abs($rev))
  			    || (abs($rev) > $VERSION_MAX )) {
  			    warn("Integer overflow in version");
  			    $end = $s - 1;
  			    $rev = $VERSION_MAX;
  			    $vinf = 1;
  			}
   		    }
   		}
    	    }
  
    	    # Append revision
  	    push @av, $rev;
  	    if ( $vinf ) {
  		$s = $last;
  		last;
  	    }
  	    elsif ( $pos eq '.' ) {
  		$s = ++$pos;
  	    }
  	    elsif ( $pos eq '_' && isDIGIT($pos+1) ) {
  		$s = ++$pos;
  	    }
  	    elsif ( $pos eq ',' && isDIGIT($pos+1) ) {
  		$s = ++$pos;
  	    }
  	    elsif ( isDIGIT($pos) ) {
  		$s = $pos;
  	    }
  	    else {
  		$s = $pos;
  		last;
  	    }
  	    if ( $qv ) {
  		while ( isDIGIT($pos) ) {
  		    $pos++;
  		}
  	    }
  	    else {
  		my $digits = 0;
  		while ( ( isDIGIT($pos) || $pos eq '_' ) && $digits < 3 ) {
  		    if ( $pos ne '_' ) {
  			$digits++;
  		    }
  		    $pos++;
  		}
  	    }
  	}
      }
      if ( $qv ) { # quoted versions always get at least three terms
  	my $len = $#av;
  	#  This for loop appears to trigger a compiler bug on OS X, as it
  	#  loops infinitely. Yes, len is negative. No, it makes no sense.
  	#  Compiler in question is:
  	#  gcc version 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1640)
  	#  for ( len = 2 - len; len > 0; len-- )
  	#  av_push(MUTABLE_AV(sv), newSViv(0));
  	#
  	$len = 2 - $len;
  	while ($len-- > 0) {
  	    push @av, 0;
  	}
      }
  
      # need to save off the current version string for later
      if ( $vinf ) {
  	$$rv->{original} = "v.Inf";
  	$$rv->{vinf} = 1;
      }
      elsif ( $s > $start ) {
  	$$rv->{original} = $start->currstr($s);
  	if ( $qv && $saw_decimal == 1 && $start ne 'v' ) {
  	    # need to insert a v to be consistent
  	    $$rv->{original} = 'v' . $$rv->{original};
  	}
      }
      else {
  	$$rv->{original} = '0';
  	push(@av, 0);
      }
  
      # And finally, store the AV in the hash
      $$rv->{version} = \@av;
  
      # fix RT#19517 - special case 'undef' as string
      if ($s eq 'undef') {
  	$s += 5;
      }
  
      return $s;
  }
  
  sub new {
      my $class = shift;
      unless (defined $class or $#_ > 1) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak('Usage: version::new(class, version)');
      }
  
      my $self = bless ({}, ref ($class) || $class);
      my $qv = FALSE;
  
      if ( $#_ == 1 ) { # must be CVS-style
  	$qv = TRUE;
      }
      my $value = pop; # always going to be the last element
  
      if ( ref($value) && eval('$value->isa("version")') ) {
  	# Can copy the elements directly
  	$self->{version} = [ @{$value->{version} } ];
  	$self->{qv} = 1 if $value->{qv};
  	$self->{alpha} = 1 if $value->{alpha};
  	$self->{original} = ''.$value->{original};
  	return $self;
      }
  
      if ( not defined $value or $value =~ /^undef$/ ) {
  	# RT #19517 - special case for undef comparison
  	# or someone forgot to pass a value
  	push @{$self->{version}}, 0;
  	$self->{original} = "0";
  	return ($self);
      }
  
  
      if (ref($value) =~ m/ARRAY|HASH/) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak("Invalid version format (non-numeric data)");
      }
  
      $value = _un_vstring($value);
  
      if ($Config{d_setlocale} && eval { require POSIX } ) {
        require locale;
  	my $currlocale = POSIX::setlocale(&POSIX::LC_ALL);
  
  	# if the current locale uses commas for decimal points, we
  	# just replace commas with decimal places, rather than changing
  	# locales
  	if ( POSIX::localeconv()->{decimal_point} eq ',' ) {
  	    $value =~ tr/,/./;
  	}
      }
  
      # exponential notation
      if ( $value =~ /\d+.?\d*e[-+]?\d+/ ) {
  	$value = sprintf("%.9f",$value);
  	$value =~ s/(0+)$//; # trim trailing zeros
      }
  
      my $s = scan_version($value, \$self, $qv);
  
      if ($s) { # must be something left over
  	warn("Version string '%s' contains invalid data; "
  		   ."ignoring: '%s'", $value, $s);
      }
  
      return ($self);
  }
  
  *parse = \&new;
  
  sub numify {
      my ($self) = @_;
      unless (_verify($self)) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak("Invalid version object");
      }
      my $width = $self->{width} || 3;
      my $alpha = $self->{alpha} || "";
      my $len = $#{$self->{version}};
      my $digit = $self->{version}[0];
      my $string = sprintf("%d.", $digit );
  
      for ( my $i = 1 ; $i < $len ; $i++ ) {
  	$digit = $self->{version}[$i];
  	if ( $width < 3 ) {
  	    my $denom = 10**(3-$width);
  	    my $quot = int($digit/$denom);
  	    my $rem = $digit - ($quot * $denom);
  	    $string .= sprintf("%0".$width."d_%d", $quot, $rem);
  	}
  	else {
  	    $string .= sprintf("%03d", $digit);
  	}
      }
  
      if ( $len > 0 ) {
  	$digit = $self->{version}[$len];
  	if ( $alpha && $width == 3 ) {
  	    $string .= "_";
  	}
  	$string .= sprintf("%0".$width."d", $digit);
      }
      else # $len = 0
      {
  	$string .= sprintf("000");
      }
  
      return $string;
  }
  
  sub normal {
      my ($self) = @_;
      unless (_verify($self)) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak("Invalid version object");
      }
      my $alpha = $self->{alpha} || "";
      my $len = $#{$self->{version}};
      my $digit = $self->{version}[0];
      my $string = sprintf("v%d", $digit );
  
      for ( my $i = 1 ; $i < $len ; $i++ ) {
  	$digit = $self->{version}[$i];
  	$string .= sprintf(".%d", $digit);
      }
  
      if ( $len > 0 ) {
  	$digit = $self->{version}[$len];
  	if ( $alpha ) {
  	    $string .= sprintf("_%0d", $digit);
  	}
  	else {
  	    $string .= sprintf(".%0d", $digit);
  	}
      }
  
      if ( $len <= 2 ) {
  	for ( $len = 2 - $len; $len != 0; $len-- ) {
  	    $string .= sprintf(".%0d", 0);
  	}
      }
  
      return $string;
  }
  
  sub stringify {
      my ($self) = @_;
      unless (_verify($self)) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak("Invalid version object");
      }
      return exists $self->{original}
      	? $self->{original}
  	: exists $self->{qv}
  	    ? $self->normal
  	    : $self->numify;
  }
  
  sub vcmp {
      require UNIVERSAL;
      my ($left,$right,$swap) = @_;
      my $class = ref($left);
      unless ( UNIVERSAL::isa($right, $class) ) {
  	$right = $class->new($right);
      }
  
      if ( $swap ) {
  	($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
      }
      unless (_verify($left)) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak("Invalid version object");
      }
      unless (_verify($right)) {
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak("Invalid version format");
      }
      my $l = $#{$left->{version}};
      my $r = $#{$right->{version}};
      my $m = $l < $r ? $l : $r;
      my $lalpha = $left->is_alpha;
      my $ralpha = $right->is_alpha;
      my $retval = 0;
      my $i = 0;
      while ( $i <= $m && $retval == 0 ) {
  	$retval = $left->{version}[$i] <=> $right->{version}[$i];
  	$i++;
      }
  
      # tiebreaker for alpha with identical terms
      if ( $retval == 0
  	&& $l == $r
  	&& $left->{version}[$m] == $right->{version}[$m]
  	&& ( $lalpha || $ralpha ) ) {
  
  	if ( $lalpha && !$ralpha ) {
  	    $retval = -1;
  	}
  	elsif ( $ralpha && !$lalpha) {
  	    $retval = +1;
  	}
      }
  
      # possible match except for trailing 0's
      if ( $retval == 0 && $l != $r ) {
  	if ( $l < $r ) {
  	    while ( $i <= $r && $retval == 0 ) {
  		if ( $right->{version}[$i] != 0 ) {
  		    $retval = -1; # not a match after all
  		}
  		$i++;
  	    }
  	}
  	else {
  	    while ( $i <= $l && $retval == 0 ) {
  		if ( $left->{version}[$i] != 0 ) {
  		    $retval = +1; # not a match after all
  		}
  		$i++;
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      return $retval;
  }
  
  sub vbool {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return vcmp($self,$self->new("0"),1);
  }
  
  sub vnoop {
      require Carp;
      Carp::croak("operation not supported with version object");
  }
  
  sub is_alpha {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return (exists $self->{alpha});
  }
  
  sub qv {
      my $value = shift;
      my $class = $CLASS;
      if (@_) {
  	$class = ref($value) || $value;
  	$value = shift;
      }
  
      $value = _un_vstring($value);
      $value = 'v'.$value unless $value =~ /(^v|\d+\.\d+\.\d)/;
      my $obj = $CLASS->new($value);
      return bless $obj, $class;
  }
  
  *declare = \&qv;
  
  sub is_qv {
      my ($self) = @_;
      return (exists $self->{qv});
  }
  
  
  sub _verify {
      my ($self) = @_;
      if ( ref($self)
  	&& eval { exists $self->{version} }
  	&& ref($self->{version}) eq 'ARRAY'
  	) {
  	return 1;
      }
      else {
  	return 0;
      }
  }
  
  sub _is_non_alphanumeric {
      my $s = shift;
      $s = new ExtUtils::MakeMaker::charstar $s;
      while ($s) {
  	return 0 if isSPACE($s); # early out
  	return 1 unless (isALPHA($s) || isDIGIT($s) || $s =~ /[.-]/);
  	$s++;
      }
      return 0;
  }
  
  sub _un_vstring {
      my $value = shift;
      # may be a v-string
      if ( length($value) >= 3 && $value !~ /[._]/
  	&& _is_non_alphanumeric($value)) {
  	my $tvalue;
  	if ( $] ge 5.008_001 ) {
  	    $tvalue = _find_magic_vstring($value);
  	    $value = $tvalue if length $tvalue;
  	}
  	elsif ( $] ge 5.006_000 ) {
  	    $tvalue = sprintf("v%vd",$value);
  	    if ( $tvalue =~ /^v\d+(\.\d+){2,}$/ ) {
  		# must be a v-string
  		$value = $tvalue;
  	    }
  	}
      }
      return $value;
  }
  
  sub _find_magic_vstring {
      my $value = shift;
      my $tvalue = '';
      require B;
      my $sv = B::svref_2object(\$value);
      my $magic = ref($sv) eq 'B::PVMG' ? $sv->MAGIC : undef;
      while ( $magic ) {
  	if ( $magic->TYPE eq 'V' ) {
  	    $tvalue = $magic->PTR;
  	    $tvalue =~ s/^v?(.+)$/v$1/;
  	    last;
  	}
  	else {
  	    $magic = $magic->MOREMAGIC;
  	}
      }
      return $tvalue;
  }
  
  sub _VERSION {
      my ($obj, $req) = @_;
      my $class = ref($obj) || $obj;
  
      no strict 'refs';
      if ( exists $INC{"$class.pm"} and not %{"$class\::"} and $] >= 5.008) {
  	 # file but no package
  	require Carp;
  	Carp::croak( "$class defines neither package nor VERSION"
  	    ."--version check failed");
      }
  
      my $version = eval "\$$class\::VERSION";
      if ( defined $version ) {
  	local $^W if $] <= 5.008;
  	$version = ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp->new($version);
      }
  
      if ( defined $req ) {
  	unless ( defined $version ) {
  	    require Carp;
  	    my $msg =  $] < 5.006
  	    ? "$class version $req required--this is only version "
  	    : "$class does not define \$$class\::VERSION"
  	      ."--version check failed";
  
  	    if ( $ENV{VERSION_DEBUG} ) {
  		Carp::confess($msg);
  	    }
  	    else {
  		Carp::croak($msg);
  	    }
  	}
  
  	$req = ExtUtils::MakeMaker::version::vpp->new($req);
  
  	if ( $req > $version ) {
  	    require Carp;
  	    if ( $req->is_qv ) {
  		Carp::croak(
  		    sprintf ("%s version %s required--".
  			"this is only version %s", $class,
  			$req->normal, $version->normal)
  		);
  	    }
  	    else {
  		Carp::croak(
  		    sprintf ("%s version %s required--".
  			"this is only version %s", $class,
  			$req->stringify, $version->stringify)
  		);
  	    }
  	}
      }
  
      return defined $version ? $version->stringify : undef;
  }
  
  1; #this line is important and will help the module return a true value
EXTUTILS_MAKEMAKER_VERSION_VPP

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Manifest.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MANIFEST';
  package ExtUtils::Manifest;
  
  require Exporter;
  use Config;
  use File::Basename;
  use File::Copy 'copy';
  use File::Find;
  use File::Spec 0.8;
  use Carp;
  use strict;
  use warnings;
  
  our $VERSION = '1.70';
  our @ISA = ('Exporter');
  our @EXPORT_OK = qw(mkmanifest
                  manicheck  filecheck  fullcheck  skipcheck
                  manifind   maniread   manicopy   maniadd
                  maniskip
                 );
  
  our $Is_MacOS = $^O eq 'MacOS';
  our $Is_VMS   = $^O eq 'VMS';
  our $Is_VMS_mode = 0;
  our $Is_VMS_lc = 0;
  our $Is_VMS_nodot = 0;  # No dots in dir names or double dots in files
  
  if ($Is_VMS) {
      require VMS::Filespec if $Is_VMS;
      my $vms_unix_rpt;
      my $vms_efs;
      my $vms_case;
  
      $Is_VMS_mode = 1;
      $Is_VMS_lc = 1;
      $Is_VMS_nodot = 1;
      if (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require VMS::Feature; }) {
          $vms_unix_rpt = VMS::Feature::current("filename_unix_report");
          $vms_efs = VMS::Feature::current("efs_charset");
          $vms_case = VMS::Feature::current("efs_case_preserve");
      } else {
          my $unix_rpt = $ENV{'DECC$FILENAME_UNIX_REPORT'} || '';
          my $efs_charset = $ENV{'DECC$EFS_CHARSET'} || '';
          my $efs_case = $ENV{'DECC$EFS_CASE_PRESERVE'} || '';
          $vms_unix_rpt = $unix_rpt =~ /^[ET1]/i;
          $vms_efs = $efs_charset =~ /^[ET1]/i;
          $vms_case = $efs_case =~ /^[ET1]/i;
      }
      $Is_VMS_lc = 0 if ($vms_case);
      $Is_VMS_mode = 0 if ($vms_unix_rpt);
      $Is_VMS_nodot = 0 if ($vms_efs);
  }
  
  our $Debug   = $ENV{PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG} || 0;
  our $Verbose = defined $ENV{PERL_MM_MANIFEST_VERBOSE} ?
                     $ENV{PERL_MM_MANIFEST_VERBOSE} : 1;
  our $Quiet = 0;
  our $MANIFEST = 'MANIFEST';
  
  our $DEFAULT_MSKIP = File::Spec->catfile( dirname(__FILE__), "$MANIFEST.SKIP" );
  
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
  
  =head1 VERSION
  
  version 1.70
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
      use ExtUtils::Manifest qw(...funcs to import...);
  
      mkmanifest();
  
      my @missing_files    = manicheck;
      my @skipped          = skipcheck;
      my @extra_files      = filecheck;
      my($missing, $extra) = fullcheck;
  
      my $found    = manifind();
  
      my $manifest = maniread();
  
      manicopy($read,$target);
  
      maniadd({$file => $comment, ...});
  
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  =head2 Functions
  
  ExtUtils::Manifest exports no functions by default.  The following are
  exported on request
  
  =over 4
  
  =item mkmanifest
  
      mkmanifest();
  
  Writes all files in and below the current directory to your F<MANIFEST>.
  It works similar to the result of the Unix command
  
      find . > MANIFEST
  
  All files that match any regular expression in a file F<MANIFEST.SKIP>
  (if it exists) are ignored.
  
  Any existing F<MANIFEST> file will be saved as F<MANIFEST.bak>.
  
  =cut
  
  sub _sort {
      return sort { lc $a cmp lc $b } @_;
  }
  
  sub mkmanifest {
      my $manimiss = 0;
      my $read = (-r 'MANIFEST' && maniread()) or $manimiss++;
      $read = {} if $manimiss;
      local *M;
      my $bakbase = $MANIFEST;
      $bakbase =~ s/\./_/g if $Is_VMS_nodot; # avoid double dots
      rename $MANIFEST, "$bakbase.bak" unless $manimiss;
      open M, "> $MANIFEST" or die "Could not open $MANIFEST: $!";
      binmode M, ':raw';
      my $skip = maniskip();
      my $found = manifind();
      my($key,$val,$file,%all);
      %all = (%$found, %$read);
      $all{$MANIFEST} = ($Is_VMS_mode ? "$MANIFEST\t\t" : '') .
                       'This list of files'
          if $manimiss; # add new MANIFEST to known file list
      foreach $file (_sort keys %all) {
  	if ($skip->($file)) {
  	    # Policy: only remove files if they're listed in MANIFEST.SKIP.
  	    # Don't remove files just because they don't exist.
  	    warn "Removed from $MANIFEST: $file\n" if $Verbose and exists $read->{$file};
  	    next;
  	}
  	if ($Verbose){
  	    warn "Added to $MANIFEST: $file\n" unless exists $read->{$file};
  	}
  	my $text = $all{$file};
  	$file = _unmacify($file);
  	my $tabs = (5 - (length($file)+1)/8);
  	$tabs = 1 if $tabs < 1;
  	$tabs = 0 unless $text;
          if ($file =~ /\s/) {
              $file =~ s/([\\'])/\\$1/g;
              $file = "'$file'";
          }
  	print M $file, "\t" x $tabs, $text, "\n";
      }
      close M;
  }
  
  # Geez, shouldn't this use File::Spec or File::Basename or something?
  # Why so careful about dependencies?
  sub clean_up_filename {
    my $filename = shift;
    $filename =~ s|^\./||;
    $filename =~ s/^:([^:]+)$/$1/ if $Is_MacOS;
    if ( $Is_VMS ) {
        $filename =~ s/\.$//;                           # trim trailing dot
        $filename = VMS::Filespec::unixify($filename);  # unescape spaces, etc.
        if( $Is_VMS_lc ) {
            $filename = lc($filename);
            $filename = uc($filename) if $filename =~ /^MANIFEST(\.SKIP)?$/i;
        }
    }
    return $filename;
  }
  
  
  =item manifind
  
      my $found = manifind();
  
  returns a hash reference. The keys of the hash are the files found
  below the current directory.
  
  =cut
  
  sub manifind {
      my $p = shift || {};
      my $found = {};
  
      my $wanted = sub {
  	my $name = clean_up_filename($File::Find::name);
  	warn "Debug: diskfile $name\n" if $Debug;
  	return if -d $_;
  	$found->{$name} = "";
      };
  
      # We have to use "$File::Find::dir/$_" in preprocess, because
      # $File::Find::name is unavailable.
      # Also, it's okay to use / here, because MANIFEST files use Unix-style
      # paths.
      find({wanted => $wanted, follow_fast => 1},
  	 $Is_MacOS ? ":" : ".");
  
      return $found;
  }
  
  
  =item manicheck
  
      my @missing_files = manicheck();
  
  checks if all the files within a C<MANIFEST> in the current directory
  really do exist. If C<MANIFEST> and the tree below the current
  directory are in sync it silently returns an empty list.
  Otherwise it returns a list of files which are listed in the
  C<MANIFEST> but missing from the directory, and by default also
  outputs these names to STDERR.
  
  =cut
  
  sub manicheck {
      return _check_files();
  }
  
  
  =item filecheck
  
      my @extra_files = filecheck();
  
  finds files below the current directory that are not mentioned in the
  C<MANIFEST> file. An optional file C<MANIFEST.SKIP> will be
  consulted. Any file matching a regular expression in such a file will
  not be reported as missing in the C<MANIFEST> file. The list of any
  extraneous files found is returned, and by default also reported to
  STDERR.
  
  =cut
  
  sub filecheck {
      return _check_manifest();
  }
  
  
  =item fullcheck
  
      my($missing, $extra) = fullcheck();
  
  does both a manicheck() and a filecheck(), returning then as two array
  refs.
  
  =cut
  
  sub fullcheck {
      return [_check_files()], [_check_manifest()];
  }
  
  
  =item skipcheck
  
      my @skipped = skipcheck();
  
  lists all the files that are skipped due to your C<MANIFEST.SKIP>
  file.
  
  =cut
  
  sub skipcheck {
      my($p) = @_;
      my $found = manifind();
      my $matches = maniskip();
  
      my @skipped = ();
      foreach my $file (_sort keys %$found){
          if (&$matches($file)){
              warn "Skipping $file\n" unless $Quiet;
              push @skipped, $file;
              next;
          }
      }
  
      return @skipped;
  }
  
  
  sub _check_files {
      my $p = shift;
      my $dosnames=(defined(&Dos::UseLFN) && Dos::UseLFN()==0);
      my $read = maniread() || {};
      my $found = manifind($p);
  
      my(@missfile) = ();
      foreach my $file (_sort keys %$read){
          warn "Debug: manicheck checking from $MANIFEST $file\n" if $Debug;
          if ($dosnames){
              $file = lc $file;
              $file =~ s=(\.(\w|-)+)=substr ($1,0,4)=ge;
              $file =~ s=((\w|-)+)=substr ($1,0,8)=ge;
          }
          unless ( exists $found->{$file} ) {
              warn "No such file: $file\n" unless $Quiet;
              push @missfile, $file;
          }
      }
  
      return @missfile;
  }
  
  
  sub _check_manifest {
      my($p) = @_;
      my $read = maniread() || {};
      my $found = manifind($p);
      my $skip  = maniskip();
  
      my @missentry = ();
      foreach my $file (_sort keys %$found){
          next if $skip->($file);
          warn "Debug: manicheck checking from disk $file\n" if $Debug;
          unless ( exists $read->{$file} ) {
              my $canon = $Is_MacOS ? "\t" . _unmacify($file) : '';
              warn "Not in $MANIFEST: $file$canon\n" unless $Quiet;
              push @missentry, $file;
          }
      }
  
      return @missentry;
  }
  
  
  =item maniread
  
      my $manifest = maniread();
      my $manifest = maniread($manifest_file);
  
  reads a named C<MANIFEST> file (defaults to C<MANIFEST> in the current
  directory) and returns a HASH reference with files being the keys and
  comments being the values of the HASH.  Blank lines and lines which
  start with C<#> in the C<MANIFEST> file are discarded.
  
  =cut
  
  sub maniread {
      my ($mfile) = @_;
      $mfile ||= $MANIFEST;
      my $read = {};
      local *M;
      unless (open M, "< $mfile"){
          warn "Problem opening $mfile: $!";
          return $read;
      }
      local $_;
      while (<M>){
          chomp;
          next if /^\s*#/;
  
          my($file, $comment);
  
          # filename may contain spaces if enclosed in ''
          # (in which case, \\ and \' are escapes)
          if (($file, $comment) = /^'((?:\\[\\']|.+)+)'\s*(.*)/) {
              $file =~ s/\\([\\'])/$1/g;
          }
          else {
              ($file, $comment) = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)/;
          }
          next unless $file;
  
          if ($Is_MacOS) {
              $file = _macify($file);
              $file =~ s/\\([0-3][0-7][0-7])/sprintf("%c", oct($1))/ge;
          }
          elsif ($Is_VMS_mode) {
              require File::Basename;
              my($base,$dir) = File::Basename::fileparse($file);
              # Resolve illegal file specifications in the same way as tar
              if ($Is_VMS_nodot) {
                  $dir =~ tr/./_/;
                  my(@pieces) = split(/\./,$base);
                  if (@pieces > 2)
                      { $base = shift(@pieces) . '.' . join('_',@pieces); }
                  my $okfile = "$dir$base";
                  warn "Debug: Illegal name $file changed to $okfile\n" if $Debug;
                  $file = $okfile;
              }
              if( $Is_VMS_lc ) {
                  $file = lc($file);
                  $file = uc($file) if $file =~ /^MANIFEST(\.SKIP)?$/i;
              }
          }
  
          $read->{$file} = $comment;
      }
      close M;
      $read;
  }
  
  =item maniskip
  
      my $skipchk = maniskip();
      my $skipchk = maniskip($manifest_skip_file);
  
      if ($skipchk->($file)) { .. }
  
  reads a named C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file (defaults to C<MANIFEST.SKIP> in
  the current directory) and returns a CODE reference that tests whether
  a given filename should be skipped.
  
  =cut
  
  # returns an anonymous sub that decides if an argument matches
  sub maniskip {
      my @skip ;
      my $mfile = shift || "$MANIFEST.SKIP";
      _check_mskip_directives($mfile) if -f $mfile;
      local(*M, $_);
      open M, "< $mfile" or open M, "< $DEFAULT_MSKIP" or return sub {0};
      while (<M>){
        chomp;
        s/\r//;
        $_ =~ qr{^\s*(?:(?:'([^\\']*(?:\\.[^\\']*)*)')|([^#\s]\S*))?(?:(?:\s*)|(?:\s+(.*?)\s*))$};
        #my $comment = $3;
        my $filename = $2;
        if ( defined($1) ) {
          $filename = $1;
          $filename =~ s/\\(['\\])/$1/g;
        }
        next if (not defined($filename) or not $filename);
        push @skip, _macify($filename);
      }
      close M;
      return sub {0} unless (scalar @skip > 0);
  
      my $opts = $Is_VMS_mode ? '(?i)' : '';
  
      # Make sure each entry is isolated in its own parentheses, in case
      # any of them contain alternations
      my $regex = join '|', map "(?:$_)", @skip;
  
      return sub { $_[0] =~ qr{$opts$regex} };
  }
  
  # checks for the special directives
  #   #!include_default
  #   #!include /path/to/some/manifest.skip
  # in a custom MANIFEST.SKIP for, for including
  # the content of, respectively, the default MANIFEST.SKIP
  # and an external manifest.skip file
  sub _check_mskip_directives {
      my $mfile = shift;
      local (*M, $_);
      my @lines = ();
      my $flag = 0;
      unless (open M, "< $mfile") {
          warn "Problem opening $mfile: $!";
          return;
      }
      while (<M>) {
          if (/^#!include_default\s*$/) {
  	    if (my @default = _include_mskip_file()) {
  	        push @lines, @default;
  		warn "Debug: Including default MANIFEST.SKIP\n" if $Debug;
  		$flag++;
  	    }
  	    next;
          }
  	if (/^#!include\s+(.*)\s*$/) {
  	    my $external_file = $1;
  	    if (my @external = _include_mskip_file($external_file)) {
  	        push @lines, @external;
  		warn "Debug: Including external $external_file\n" if $Debug;
  		$flag++;
  	    }
              next;
          }
          push @lines, $_;
      }
      close M;
      return unless $flag;
      my $bakbase = $mfile;
      $bakbase =~ s/\./_/g if $Is_VMS_nodot;  # avoid double dots
      rename $mfile, "$bakbase.bak";
      warn "Debug: Saving original $mfile as $bakbase.bak\n" if $Debug;
      unless (open M, "> $mfile") {
          warn "Problem opening $mfile: $!";
          return;
      }
      binmode M, ':raw';
      print M $_ for (@lines);
      close M;
      return;
  }
  
  # returns an array containing the lines of an external
  # manifest.skip file, if given, or $DEFAULT_MSKIP
  sub _include_mskip_file {
      my $mskip = shift || $DEFAULT_MSKIP;
      unless (-f $mskip) {
          warn qq{Included file "$mskip" not found - skipping};
          return;
      }
      local (*M, $_);
      unless (open M, "< $mskip") {
          warn "Problem opening $mskip: $!";
          return;
      }
      my @lines = ();
      push @lines, "\n#!start included $mskip\n";
      push @lines, $_ while <M>;
      close M;
      push @lines, "#!end included $mskip\n\n";
      return @lines;
  }
  
  =item manicopy
  
      manicopy(\%src, $dest_dir);
      manicopy(\%src, $dest_dir, $how);
  
  Copies the files that are the keys in %src to the $dest_dir.  %src is
  typically returned by the maniread() function.
  
      manicopy( maniread(), $dest_dir );
  
  This function is useful for producing a directory tree identical to the
  intended distribution tree.
  
  $how can be used to specify a different methods of "copying".  Valid
  values are C<cp>, which actually copies the files, C<ln> which creates
  hard links, and C<best> which mostly links the files but copies any
  symbolic link to make a tree without any symbolic link.  C<cp> is the
  default.
  
  =cut
  
  sub manicopy {
      my($read,$target,$how)=@_;
      croak "manicopy() called without target argument" unless defined $target;
      $how ||= 'cp';
      require File::Path;
      require File::Basename;
  
      $target = VMS::Filespec::unixify($target) if $Is_VMS_mode;
      File::Path::mkpath([ $target ],! $Quiet,$Is_VMS ? undef : 0755);
      foreach my $file (keys %$read){
  	if ($Is_MacOS) {
  	    if ($file =~ m!:!) {
  		my $dir = _maccat($target, $file);
  		$dir =~ s/[^:]+$//;
  		File::Path::mkpath($dir,1,0755);
  	    }
  	    cp_if_diff($file, _maccat($target, $file), $how);
  	} else {
  	    $file = VMS::Filespec::unixify($file) if $Is_VMS_mode;
  	    if ($file =~ m!/!) { # Ilya, that hurts, I fear, or maybe not?
  		my $dir = File::Basename::dirname($file);
  		$dir = VMS::Filespec::unixify($dir) if $Is_VMS_mode;
  		File::Path::mkpath(["$target/$dir"],! $Quiet,$Is_VMS ? undef : 0755);
  	    }
  	    cp_if_diff($file, "$target/$file", $how);
  	}
      }
  }
  
  sub cp_if_diff {
      my($from, $to, $how)=@_;
      if (! -f $from) {
          carp "$from not found";
          return;
      }
      my($diff) = 0;
      local(*F,*T);
      open(F,"< $from\0") or die "Can't read $from: $!\n";
      if (open(T,"< $to\0")) {
          local $_;
  	while (<F>) { $diff++,last if $_ ne <T>; }
  	$diff++ unless eof(T);
  	close T;
      }
      else { $diff++; }
      close F;
      if ($diff) {
  	if (-e $to) {
  	    unlink($to) or confess "unlink $to: $!";
  	}
          STRICT_SWITCH: {
  	    best($from,$to), last STRICT_SWITCH if $how eq 'best';
  	    cp($from,$to), last STRICT_SWITCH if $how eq 'cp';
  	    ln($from,$to), last STRICT_SWITCH if $how eq 'ln';
  	    croak("ExtUtils::Manifest::cp_if_diff " .
  		  "called with illegal how argument [$how]. " .
  		  "Legal values are 'best', 'cp', and 'ln'.");
  	}
      }
  }
  
  sub cp {
      my ($srcFile, $dstFile) = @_;
      my ($access,$mod) = (stat $srcFile)[8,9];
  
      copy($srcFile,$dstFile);
      utime $access, $mod + ($Is_VMS ? 1 : 0), $dstFile;
      _manicopy_chmod($srcFile, $dstFile);
  }
  
  
  sub ln {
      my ($srcFile, $dstFile) = @_;
      # Fix-me - VMS can support links.
      return &cp if $Is_VMS or ($^O eq 'MSWin32' and Win32::IsWin95());
      link($srcFile, $dstFile);
  
      unless( _manicopy_chmod($srcFile, $dstFile) ) {
          unlink $dstFile;
          return;
      }
      1;
  }
  
  # 1) Strip off all group and world permissions.
  # 2) Let everyone read it.
  # 3) If the owner can execute it, everyone can.
  sub _manicopy_chmod {
      my($srcFile, $dstFile) = @_;
  
      my $perm = 0444 | (stat $srcFile)[2] & 0700;
      chmod( $perm | ( $perm & 0100 ? 0111 : 0 ), $dstFile );
  }
  
  # Files that are often modified in the distdir.  Don't hard link them.
  my @Exceptions = qw(MANIFEST META.yml SIGNATURE);
  sub best {
      my ($srcFile, $dstFile) = @_;
  
      my $is_exception = grep $srcFile =~ /$_/, @Exceptions;
      if ($is_exception or !$Config{d_link} or -l $srcFile) {
  	cp($srcFile, $dstFile);
      } else {
  	ln($srcFile, $dstFile) or cp($srcFile, $dstFile);
      }
  }
  
  sub _macify {
      my($file) = @_;
  
      return $file unless $Is_MacOS;
  
      $file =~ s|^\./||;
      if ($file =~ m|/|) {
  	$file =~ s|/+|:|g;
  	$file = ":$file";
      }
  
      $file;
  }
  
  sub _maccat {
      my($f1, $f2) = @_;
  
      return "$f1/$f2" unless $Is_MacOS;
  
      $f1 .= ":$f2";
      $f1 =~ s/([^:]:):/$1/g;
      return $f1;
  }
  
  sub _unmacify {
      my($file) = @_;
  
      return $file unless $Is_MacOS;
  
      $file =~ s|^:||;
      $file =~ s|([/ \n])|sprintf("\\%03o", unpack("c", $1))|ge;
      $file =~ y|:|/|;
  
      $file;
  }
  
  
  =item maniadd
  
    maniadd({ $file => $comment, ...});
  
  Adds an entry to an existing F<MANIFEST> unless its already there.
  
  $file will be normalized (ie. Unixified).  B<UNIMPLEMENTED>
  
  =cut
  
  sub maniadd {
      my($additions) = shift;
  
      _normalize($additions);
      _fix_manifest($MANIFEST);
  
      my $manifest = maniread();
      my @needed = grep { !exists $manifest->{$_} } keys %$additions;
      return 1 unless @needed;
  
      open(MANIFEST, ">>$MANIFEST") or
        die "maniadd() could not open $MANIFEST: $!";
      binmode MANIFEST, ':raw';
  
      foreach my $file (_sort @needed) {
          my $comment = $additions->{$file} || '';
          if ($file =~ /\s/) {
              $file =~ s/([\\'])/\\$1/g;
              $file = "'$file'";
          }
          printf MANIFEST "%-40s %s\n", $file, $comment;
      }
      close MANIFEST or die "Error closing $MANIFEST: $!";
  
      return 1;
  }
  
  
  # Make sure this MANIFEST is consistently written with native
  # newlines and has a terminal newline.
  sub _fix_manifest {
      my $manifest_file = shift;
  
      open MANIFEST, $MANIFEST or die "Could not open $MANIFEST: $!";
      local $/;
      my @manifest = split /(\015\012|\012|\015)/, <MANIFEST>, -1;
      close MANIFEST;
      my $must_rewrite = "";
      if ($manifest[-1] eq ""){
          # sane case: last line had a terminal newline
          pop @manifest;
          for (my $i=1; $i<=$#manifest; $i+=2) {
              unless ($manifest[$i] eq "\n") {
                  $must_rewrite = "not a newline at pos $i";
                  last;
              }
          }
      } else {
          $must_rewrite = "last line without newline";
      }
  
      if ( $must_rewrite ) {
          1 while unlink $MANIFEST; # avoid multiple versions on VMS
          open MANIFEST, ">", $MANIFEST or die "(must_rewrite=$must_rewrite) Could not open >$MANIFEST: $!";
  	binmode MANIFEST, ':raw';
          for (my $i=0; $i<=$#manifest; $i+=2) {
              print MANIFEST "$manifest[$i]\n";
          }
          close MANIFEST or die "could not write $MANIFEST: $!";
      }
  }
  
  
  # UNIMPLEMENTED
  sub _normalize {
      return;
  }
  
  
  =back
  
  =head2 MANIFEST
  
  A list of files in the distribution, one file per line.  The MANIFEST
  always uses Unix filepath conventions even if you're not on Unix.  This
  means F<foo/bar> style not F<foo\bar>.
  
  Anything between white space and an end of line within a C<MANIFEST>
  file is considered to be a comment.  Any line beginning with # is also
  a comment. Beginning with ExtUtils::Manifest 1.52, a filename may
  contain whitespace characters if it is enclosed in single quotes; single
  quotes or backslashes in that filename must be backslash-escaped.
  
      # this a comment
      some/file
      some/other/file            comment about some/file
      'some/third file'          comment
  
  
  =head2 MANIFEST.SKIP
  
  The file MANIFEST.SKIP may contain regular expressions of files that
  should be ignored by mkmanifest() and filecheck(). The regular
  expressions should appear one on each line. Blank lines and lines
  which start with C<#> are skipped.  Use C<\#> if you need a regular
  expression to start with a C<#>.
  
  For example:
  
      # Version control files and dirs.
      \bRCS\b
      \bCVS\b
      ,v$
      \B\.svn\b
  
      # Makemaker generated files and dirs.
      ^MANIFEST\.
      ^Makefile$
      ^blib/
      ^MakeMaker-\d
  
      # Temp, old and emacs backup files.
      ~$
      \.old$
      ^#.*#$
      ^\.#
  
  If no MANIFEST.SKIP file is found, a default set of skips will be
  used, similar to the example above.  If you want nothing skipped,
  simply make an empty MANIFEST.SKIP file.
  
  In one's own MANIFEST.SKIP file, certain directives
  can be used to include the contents of other MANIFEST.SKIP
  files. At present two such directives are recognized.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item #!include_default
  
  This inserts the contents of the default MANIFEST.SKIP file
  
  =item #!include /Path/to/another/manifest.skip
  
  This inserts the contents of the specified external file
  
  =back
  
  The included contents will be inserted into the MANIFEST.SKIP
  file in between I<#!start included /path/to/manifest.skip>
  and I<#!end included /path/to/manifest.skip> markers.
  The original MANIFEST.SKIP is saved as MANIFEST.SKIP.bak.
  
  =head2 EXPORT_OK
  
  C<&mkmanifest>, C<&manicheck>, C<&filecheck>, C<&fullcheck>,
  C<&maniread>, and C<&manicopy> are exportable.
  
  =head2 GLOBAL VARIABLES
  
  C<$ExtUtils::Manifest::MANIFEST> defaults to C<MANIFEST>. Changing it
  results in both a different C<MANIFEST> and a different
  C<MANIFEST.SKIP> file. This is useful if you want to maintain
  different distributions for different audiences (say a user version
  and a developer version including RCS).
  
  C<$ExtUtils::Manifest::Quiet> defaults to 0. If set to a true value,
  all functions act silently.
  
  C<$ExtUtils::Manifest::Debug> defaults to 0.  If set to a true value,
  or if PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG is true, debugging output will be
  produced.
  
  =head1 DIAGNOSTICS
  
  All diagnostic output is sent to C<STDERR>.
  
  =over 4
  
  =item C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>
  
  is reported if a file is found which is not in C<MANIFEST>.
  
  =item C<Skipping> I<file>
  
  is reported if a file is skipped due to an entry in C<MANIFEST.SKIP>.
  
  =item C<No such file:> I<file>
  
  is reported if a file mentioned in a C<MANIFEST> file does not
  exist.
  
  =item C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>
  
  is reported if C<MANIFEST> could not be opened.
  
  =item C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
  
  is reported by mkmanifest() if $Verbose is set and a file is added
  to MANIFEST. $Verbose is set to 1 by default.
  
  =back
  
  =head1 ENVIRONMENT
  
  =over 4
  
  =item B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
  
  Turns on debugging
  
  =back
  
  =head1 SEE ALSO
  
  L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> which has handy targets for most of the functionality.
  
  =head1 AUTHOR
  
  Andreas Koenig C<andreas.koenig@anima.de>
  
  Currently maintained by the Perl Toolchain Gang.
  
  =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
  
  This software is copyright (c) 1996- by Andreas Koenig.
  
  This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
  the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
  
  =cut
  
  1;
EXTUTILS_MANIFEST

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Mkbootstrap.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MKBOOTSTRAP';
  package ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap;
  
  # There's just too much Dynaloader incest here to turn on strict vars.
  use strict 'refs';
  
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  require Exporter;
  our @ISA = ('Exporter');
  our @EXPORT = ('&Mkbootstrap');
  
  use Config;
  
  our $Verbose = 0;
  
  
  sub Mkbootstrap {
      my($baseext, @bsloadlibs)=@_;
      @bsloadlibs = grep($_, @bsloadlibs); # strip empty libs
  
      print "	bsloadlibs=@bsloadlibs\n" if $Verbose;
  
      # We need DynaLoader here because we and/or the *_BS file may
      # call dl_findfile(). We don't say `use' here because when
      # first building perl extensions the DynaLoader will not have
      # been built when MakeMaker gets first used.
      require DynaLoader;
  
      rename "$baseext.bs", "$baseext.bso"
        if -s "$baseext.bs";
  
      if (-f "${baseext}_BS"){
  	$_ = "${baseext}_BS";
  	package DynaLoader; # execute code as if in DynaLoader
  	local($osname, $dlsrc) = (); # avoid warnings
  	($osname, $dlsrc) = @Config::Config{qw(osname dlsrc)};
  	$bscode = "";
  	unshift @INC, ".";
  	require $_;
  	shift @INC;
      }
  
      if ($Config{'dlsrc'} =~ /^dl_dld/){
  	package DynaLoader;
  	push(@dl_resolve_using, dl_findfile('-lc'));
      }
  
      my(@all) = (@bsloadlibs, @DynaLoader::dl_resolve_using);
      my($method) = '';
      if (@all || (defined $DynaLoader::bscode && length $DynaLoader::bscode)){
  	open my $bs, ">", "$baseext.bs"
  		or die "Unable to open $baseext.bs: $!";
  	print "Writing $baseext.bs\n";
  	print "	containing: @all" if $Verbose;
  	print $bs "# $baseext DynaLoader bootstrap file for $^O architecture.\n";
  	print $bs "# Do not edit this file, changes will be lost.\n";
  	print $bs "# This file was automatically generated by the\n";
  	print $bs "# Mkbootstrap routine in ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap (v$VERSION).\n";
  	if (@all) {
  	    print $bs "\@DynaLoader::dl_resolve_using = ";
  	    # If @all contains names in the form -lxxx or -Lxxx then it's asking for
  	    # runtime library location so we automatically add a call to dl_findfile()
  	    if (" @all" =~ m/ -[lLR]/){
  		print $bs "  dl_findfile(qw(\n  @all\n  ));\n";
  	    } else {
  		print $bs "  qw(@all);\n";
  	    }
  	}
  	# write extra code if *_BS says so
  	print $bs $DynaLoader::bscode if $DynaLoader::bscode;
  	print $bs "\n1;\n";
  	close $bs;
      }
  }
  
  1;
  
  __END__
  
  =head1 NAME
  
  ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
  
  =head1 SYNOPSIS
  
  C<Mkbootstrap>
  
  =head1 DESCRIPTION
  
  Mkbootstrap typically gets called from an extension Makefile.
  
  There is no C<*.bs> file supplied with the extension. Instead, there may
  be a C<*_BS> file which has code for the special cases, like posix for
  berkeley db on the NeXT.
  
  This file will get parsed, and produce a maybe empty
  C<@DynaLoader::dl_resolve_using> array for the current architecture.
  That will be extended by $BSLOADLIBS, which was computed by
  ExtUtils::Liblist::ext(). If this array still is empty, we do nothing,
  else we write a .bs file with an C<@DynaLoader::dl_resolve_using>
  array.
  
  The C<*_BS> file can put some code into the generated C<*.bs> file by
  placing it in C<$bscode>. This is a handy 'escape' mechanism that may
  prove useful in complex situations.
  
  If @DynaLoader::dl_resolve_using contains C<-L*> or C<-l*> entries then
  Mkbootstrap will automatically add a dl_findfile() call to the
  generated C<*.bs> file.
  
  =cut
EXTUTILS_MKBOOTSTRAP

$fatpacked{"ExtUtils/Mksymlists.pm"} = '#line '.(1+__LINE__).' "'.__FILE__."\"\n".<<'EXTUTILS_MKSYMLISTS';
  package ExtUtils::Mksymlists;
  
  use 5.006;
  use strict qw[ subs refs ];
  # no strict 'vars';  # until filehandles are exempted
  
  use Carp;
  use Exporter;
  use Config;
  
  our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
  our @EXPORT = qw(&Mksymlists);
  our $VERSION = '7.34';
  $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
  
  sub Mksymlists {
      my(%spec) = @_;
      my($osname) = $^O;
  
      croak("Insufficient information specified to Mksymlists")
          unless ( $spec{NAME} or
                   ($spec{FILE} and ($spec{DL_FUNCS} or $spec{FUNCLIST})) );
  
      $spec{DL_VARS} = [] unless $spec{DL_VARS};
      ($spec{FILE} = $spec{NAME}) =~ s/.*::// unless $spec{FILE};
      $spec{FUNCLIST} = [] unless $spec{FUNCLIST};
      $spec{DL_FUNCS} = { $spec{NAME} => [] }
          unless ( ($spec{DL_FUNCS} and keys %{$spec{DL_FUNCS}}) or
                   @{$spec{FUNCLIST}});
      if (defined $spec{DL_FUNCS}) {
          foreach my $package (sort keys %{$spec{DL_FUNCS}}) {
              my($packprefix,$bootseen);
              ($packprefix = $package) =~ s/\W/_/g;
              foreach my $sym (@{$spec{DL_FUNCS}->{$package}}) {
                  if ($sym =~ /^boot_/) {
                      push(@{$spec{FUNCLIST}},$sym);
                      $bootseen++;
                  }
                  else {
                      push(@{$spec{FUNCLIST}},"XS_${packprefix}_$sym");
                  }
              }
              push(@{$spec{FUNCLIST}},"boot_$packprefix") unless $bootseen;
          }
      }
  
  #    We'll need this if we ever add any OS which uses mod2fname
  #    not as pseudo-builtin.
  #    require DynaLoader;
      if (defined &DynaLoader::mod2fname and not $spec{DLBASE}) {
          $spec{DLBASE} = DynaLoader::mod2fname([ split(/::/,$spec{NAME}) ]);
      }
  
      if    ($osname eq 'aix') { _write_aix(\%spec); }
      elsif ($osname eq 'MacOS'){ _write_aix(\%spec) }
      elsif ($osname eq 'VMS') { _write_vms(\%spec) }
      elsif ($osname eq 'os2') { _write_os2(\%spec) }
      elsif ($osname eq 'MSWin32') { _write_win32(\%spec) }
      else {
          croak("Don't know how to create linker option file for $osname\n");
      }
  }
  
  
  sub _write_aix {
      my($data) = @_;
  
      rename "$data->{FILE}.exp", "$data->{FILE}.exp_old";
  
      open( my $exp, ">", "$data->{FILE}.exp")
          or croak("Can't create $data->{FILE}.exp: $!\n");
      print $exp join("\n",@{$data->{DL_VARS}}, "\n") if @{$data->{DL_VARS}};
      print $exp join("\n",@{$data->{FUNCLIST}}, "\n") if @{$data->{FUNCLIST}};
      close $exp;
  }
  
  
  sub _write_os2 {
      my($data) = @_;
      require Config;
      my $threaded = ($Config::Config{archname} =~ /-thread/ ? " threaded" : "");
  
      if (not $data->{DLBASE}) {
          ($data->{DLBASE} = $data->{NAME}) =~ s/.*:://;
          $data->{DLBASE} = substr($data->{DLBASE},0,7) . '_';
      }
      my $distname = $data->{DISTNAME} || $data->{NAME};
      $distname = "Distribution $distname";
      my $patchlevel = " pl$Config{perl_patchlevel}" || '';
      my $comment = sprintf "Perl (v%s%s%s) module %s",
        $Config::Config{version}, $threaded, $patchlevel, $data->{NAME};
      chomp $comment;
      if ($data->{INSTALLDIRS} and $data->{INSTALLDIRS} eq 'perl') {
          $distname = 'perl5-porters@perl.org';
          $comment = "Core $comment";
      }
      $comment = "$comment (Perl-config: $Config{config_args})";
      $comment = substr($comment, 0, 200) . "...)" if length $comment > 203;
      rename "$data->{FILE}.def", "$data->{FILE}_def.old";
  
      open(my $def, ">", "$data->{FILE}.def")
          or croak("Can't create $data->{FILE}.def: $!\n");
      print $def "LIBRARY '$data->{DLBASE}' INITINSTANCE TERMINSTANCE\n";
      print $def "DESCRIPTION '\@#$distname:$data->{VERSION}#\@ $comment'\n";
      print $def "CODE LOADONCALL\n";
      print $def "DATA LOADONCALL NONSHARED MULTIPLE\n";
      print $def "EXPORTS\n  ";
      print $def join("\n  ",@{$data->{DL_VARS}}, "\n") if @{$data->{DL_VARS}};
      print $def join("\n  ",@{$data->{FUNCLIST}}, "\n") if @{$data->{FUNCLIST}};
      _print_imports($def, $data);
      close $def;
  }
  
  sub _print_imports {
      my ($def, $data)= @_;
      my $imports= $data->{IMPORTS}
          or return;
      if ( keys %$imports ) {
          print $def "IMPORTS\n";
          foreach my $name (sort keys %$imports) {
              print $def "  $name=$imports->{$name}\n";
          }
      }
  }
  
  sub _write_win32 {
      my($data) = @_;
  
      require Config;
      if (not $data->{DLBASE}) {
          ($data->{DLBASE} = $data->{NAME}) =~ s/.*:://;
          $data->{DLBASE} = substr($data->{DLBASE},0,7) . '_';
      }
      rename "$data->{FILE}.def", "$data->{FILE}_def.old";
  
      open( my $def, ">", "$data->{FILE}.def" )
          or croak("Can't create $data->{FILE}.def: $!\n");
      # put library name in quotes (it could be a keyword, like 'Alias')
      if ($Config::Config{'cc'} !~ /\bgcc/i) {
          print $def "LIBRARY \"$data->{DLBASE}\"\n";
      }
      print $def "EXPORTS\n  ";
      my @syms;
      # Export public symbols both with and without underscores to
      # ensure compatibility between DLLs from Borland C and Visual C
      # NOTE: DynaLoader itself only uses the names without underscores,
      # so this is only to cover the case when t