This schema is a Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED) Library Schema implementation of Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE)[1,2] for describing events occurring during neuroimaging time series recordings. The HED-SCORE library schema allows neurologists, neurophysiologists, and brain researchers to annotate electrophysiology recordings using terms from an internationally accepted set of defined terms (SCORE) compatible with the HED framework. The resulting annotations are understandable to clinicians and directly usable in computer analysis. Future extensions may be implemented in the HED-SCORE library schema. For more information see https://hed-schema-library.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html. Modulator External stimuli / interventions or changes in the alertness level (sleep) that modify: the background activity, or how often a graphoelement is occurring, or change other features of the graphoelement (like intra-burst frequency). For each observed finding, there is an option of specifying how they are influenced by the modulators and procedures that were done during the recording. requireChild Sleep-modulator Sleep-deprivation # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sleep-following-sleep-deprivation # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Natural-sleep # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Induced-sleep # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Drowsiness # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Awakening # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Medication-modulator Medication-administered-during-recording # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Medication-withdrawal-or-reduction-during-recording # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Eye-modulator Manual-eye-closure # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Manual-eye-opening # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Stimulation-modulator Intermittent-photic-stimulation requireChild # takesValue valueClass numericClass unitClass frequencyUnits Auditory-stimulation # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Nociceptive-stimulation # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hyperventilation # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Physical-effort # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Cognitive-task # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Other-modulator-or-procedure requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Background-activity An EEG activity representing the setting in which a given normal or abnormal pattern appears and from which such pattern is distinguished. requireChild Posterior-dominant-rhythm Rhythmic activity occurring during wakefulness over the posterior regions of the head, generally with maximum amplitudes over the occipital areas. Amplitude varies. Best seen with eyes closed and during physical relaxation and relative mental inactivity. Blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. In adults this is the alpha rhythm, and the frequency is 8 to 13 Hz. However the frequency can be higher or lower than this range (often a supra or sub harmonic of alpha frequency) and is called alpha variant rhythm (fast and slow alpha variant rhythm). In children, the normal range of the frequency of the posterior dominant rhythm is age-dependant. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Finding-frequency Posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range Finding-amplitude-asymmetry Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm Mu-rhythm EEG rhythm at 7-11 Hz composed of arch-shaped waves occurring over the central or centro-parietal regions of the scalp during wakefulness. Amplitudes varies but is mostly below 50 microV. Blocked or attenuated most clearly by contralateral movement, thought of movement, readiness to move or tactile stimulation. suggestedTag Finding-frequency Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Other-organized-rhythm EEG activity that consisting of waves of approximately constant period, which is considered as part of the background (ongoing) activity, but does not fulfill the criteria of the posterior dominant rhythm. requireChild suggestedTag Delta-activity-morphology Theta-activity-morphology Alpha-activity-morphology Beta-activity-morphology Gamma-activity-morphology Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Background-activity-special-feature Special Features. Special features contains scoring options for the background activity of critically ill patients. requireChild Continuous-background-activity suggestedTag Delta-activity-morphology Theta-activity-morphology Alpha-activity-morphology Beta-activity-morphology Gamma-activity-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-extent Nearly-continuous-background-activity suggestedTag Delta-activity-morphology Theta-activity-morphology Alpha-activity-morphology Beta-activity-morphology Gamma-activity-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-extent Discontinuous-background-activity suggestedTag Delta-activity-morphology Theta-activity-morphology Alpha-activity-morphology Beta-activity-morphology Gamma-activity-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-extent Background-burst-suppression EEG pattern consisting of bursts (activity appearing and disappearing abruptly) interrupted by periods of low amplitude (below 20 microV) and which occurs simultaneously over all head regions. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-extent Background-burst-attenuation suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-extent Background-activity-suppression Periods showing activity under 10 microV (referential montage) and interrupting the background (ongoing) activity. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-extent Appearance-mode Electrocerebral-inactivity Absence of any ongoing cortical electric activities; in all leads EEG is isoelectric or only contains artifacts. Sensitivity has to be increased up to 2 microV/mm; recording time: at least 30 minutes. Sleep-and-drowsiness The features of the ongoing activity during sleep are scored here. If abnormal graphoelements appear, disappear or change their morphology during sleep, that is not scored here but at the entry corresponding to that graphooelement (as a modulator). requireChild Sleep-architecture For longer recordings. Only to be scored if whole-night sleep is part of the recording. It is a global descriptor of the structure and pattern of sleep: estimation of the amount of time spent in REM and NREM sleep, sleep duration, NREM-REM cycle. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Normal-sleep-architecture Abnormal-sleep-architecture Sleep-stage-reached For normal sleep patterns the sleep stages reached during the recording can be specified requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-significance-to-recording Sleep-stage-N1 Sleep stage 1. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sleep-stage-N2 Sleep stage 2. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sleep-stage-N3 Sleep stage 3. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sleep-stage-REM Rapid eye movement. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sleep-spindles Burst at 11-15 Hz but mostly at 12-14 Hz generally diffuse but of higher voltage over the central regions of the head, occurring during sleep. Amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 microV in the adult. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-amplitude-asymmetry Arousal-pattern Arousal pattern in children. Prolonged, marked high voltage 4-6/s activity in all leads with some intermixed slower frequencies, in children. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Frontal-arousal-rhythm Prolonged (up to 20s) rhythmical sharp or spiky activity over the frontal areas (maximum over the frontal midline) seen at arousal from sleep in children with minimal cerebral dysfunction. suggestedTag Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Vertex-wave Sharp potential, maximal at the vertex, negative relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep or in response to a sensory stimulus during sleep or wakefulness. May be single or repetitive. Amplitude varies but rarely exceeds 250 microV. Abbreviation: V wave. Synonym: vertex sharp wave. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-amplitude-asymmetry K-complex A burst of somewhat variable appearance, consisting most commonly of a high voltage negative slow wave followed by a smaller positive slow wave frequently associated with a sleep spindle. Duration greater than 0.5 s. Amplitude is generally maximal in the frontal vertex. K complexes occur during nonREM sleep, apparently spontaneously, or in response to sudden sensory / auditory stimuli, and are not specific for any individual sensory modality. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-amplitude-asymmetry Saw-tooth-waves Vertex negative 2-5 Hz waves occuring in series during REM sleep suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-amplitude-asymmetry POSTS Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep. Sharp transient maximal over the occipital regions, positive relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep. May be single or repetitive. Amplitude varies but is generally bellow 50 microV. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-amplitude-asymmetry Hypnagogic-hypersynchrony Bursts of bilateral, synchronous delta or theta activity of large amplitude, occasionally with superimposed faster components, occurring during falling asleep or during awakening, in children. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-amplitude-asymmetry Non-reactive-sleep EEG activity consisting of normal sleep graphoelements, but which cannot be interrupted by external stimuli/ the patient cannot be waken. Interictal-finding EEG pattern / transient that is distinguished form the background activity, considered abnormal, but is not recorded during ictal period (seizure) or postictal period; the presence of an interictal finding does not necessarily imply that the patient has epilepsy. requireChild Epileptiform-interictal-activity suggestedTag Spike-morphology Spike-and-slow-wave-morphology Runs-of-rapid-spikes-morphology Polyspikes-morphology Polyspike-and-slow-wave-morphology Sharp-wave-morphology Sharp-and-slow-wave-morphology Slow-sharp-wave-morphology High-frequency-oscillation-morphology Hypsarrhythmia-classic-morphology Hypsarrhythmia-modified-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-propagation Multifocal-finding Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Finding-incidence Abnormal-interictal-rhythmic-activity suggestedTag Delta-activity-morphology Theta-activity-morphology Alpha-activity-morphology Beta-activity-morphology Gamma-activity-morphology Polymorphic-delta-activity-morphology Frontal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology Occipital-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology Temporal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Finding-incidence Interictal-special-patterns requireChild Interictal-periodic-discharges Periodic discharge not further specified (PDs). suggestedTag Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity Periodic-discharge-sharpness Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude Periodic-discharge-polarity Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Periodic-discharge-duration Periodic-discharge-onset Periodic-discharge-dynamics Generalized-periodic-discharges GPDs. Lateralized-periodic-discharges LPDs. Bilateral-independent-periodic-discharges BIPDs. Multifocal-periodic-discharges MfPDs. Extreme-delta-brush suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Critically-ill-patients-patterns Rhythmic or periodic patterns in critically ill patients (RPPs) are scored according to the 2012 version of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology (Hirsch et al., 2013). requireChild Critically-ill-patients-periodic-discharges Periodic discharges (PDs). suggestedTag Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity Periodic-discharge-sharpness Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude Periodic-discharge-polarity Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-frequency Periodic-discharge-duration Periodic-discharge-onset Periodic-discharge-dynamics Rhythmic-delta-activity RDA suggestedTag Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Finding-frequency Periodic-discharge-duration Periodic-discharge-onset Periodic-discharge-dynamics Spike-or-sharp-and-wave SW suggestedTag Periodic-discharge-sharpness Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude Periodic-discharge-polarity Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Finding-frequency Periodic-discharge-duration Periodic-discharge-onset Periodic-discharge-dynamics Episode Clinical episode or electrographic seizure. requireChild Epileptic-seizure requireChild Focal-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Aware-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-classification Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Impaired-awareness-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-classification Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Awareness-unknown-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-classification Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Focal-to-bilateral-tonic-clonic-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Generalized-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-classification Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Unknown-onset-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-classification Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Unclassified-epileptic-seizure suggestedTag Episode-phase Seizure-dynamics Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Subtle-seizure Seizure type frequent in neonates, sometimes referred to as motor automatisms; they may include random and roving eye movements, sucking, chewing motions, tongue protrusion, rowing or swimming or boxing movements of the arms, pedaling and bicycling movements of the lower limbs; apneic seizures are relatively common. Although some subtle seizures are associated with rhythmic ictal EEG discharges, and are clearly epileptic, ictal EEG often does not show typical epileptic activity. suggestedTag Episode-phase Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Electrographic-seizure Referred usually to non convulsive status. Ictal EEG: rhythmic discharge or spike and wave pattern with definite evolution in frequency, location, or morphology lasting at least 10 s; evolution in amplitude alone did not qualify. suggestedTag Episode-phase Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Seizure-PNES Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Sleep-related-episode requireChild Sleep-related-arousal Normal. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Benign-sleep-myoclonus A distinctive disorder of sleep characterized by a) neonatal onset, b) rhythmic myoclonic jerks only during sleep and c) abrupt and consistent cessation with arousal, d) absence of concomitant electrographic changes suggestive of seizures, and e) good outcome. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Confusional-awakening Episode of non epileptic nature included in NREM parasomnias, characterized by sudden arousal and complex behavior but without full alertness, usually lasting a few minutes and occurring almost in all children at least occasionally. Amnesia of the episode is the rule. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Sleep-periodic-limb-movement PLMS. Periodic limb movement in sleep. Episodes are characterized by brief (0.5- to 5.0-second) lower-extremity movements during sleep, which typically occur at 20- to 40-second intervals, most commonly during the first 3 hours of sleep. The affected individual is usually not aware of the movements or of the transient partial arousals. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting REM-sleep-behavioral-disorder REM sleep behavioral disorder. Episodes characterized by: a) presence of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) on polysomnography (PSG); b) presence of at least 1 of the following conditions - (1) Sleep-related behaviors, by history, that have been injurious, potentially injurious, or disruptive (example: dream enactment behavior); (2) abnormal REM sleep behavior documented during PSG monitoring; (3) absence of epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram (EEG) during REM sleep (unless RBD can be clearly distinguished from any concurrent REM sleep-related seizure disorder); (4) sleep disorder not better explained by another sleep disorder, a medical or neurologic disorder, a mental disorder, medication use, or a substance use disorder. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Sleep-walking Episodes characterized by ambulation during sleep; the patient is difficult to arouse during an episode, and is usually amnesic following the episode. Episodes usually occur in the first third of the night during slow wave sleep. Polysomnographic recordings demonstrate 2 abnormalities during the first sleep cycle: frequent, brief, non-behavioral EEG-defined arousals prior to the somnambulistic episode and abnormally low gamma (0.75-2.0 Hz) EEG power on spectral analysis, correlating with high-voltage (hyper-synchronic gamma) waves lasting 10 to 15 s occurring just prior to the movement. This is followed by stage I NREM sleep, and there is no evidence of complete awakening. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Pediatric-episode requireChild Hyperekplexia Disorder characterized by exaggerated startle response and hypertonicity that may occur during the first year of life and in severe cases during the neonatal period. Children usually present with marked irritability and recurrent startles in response to handling and sounds. Severely affected infants can have severe jerks and stiffening, sometimes with breath-holding spells. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Jactatio-capitis-nocturna Relatively common in normal children at the time of going to bed, especially during the first year of life, the rhythmic head movements persist during sleep. Usually, these phenomena disappear before 3 years of age. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Pavor-nocturnus A nocturnal episode characterized by age of onset of less than five years (mean age 18 months, with peak prevalence at five to seven years), appearance of signs of panic two hours after falling asleep with crying, screams, a fearful expression, inability to recognize other people including parents (for a duration of 5-15 minutes), amnesia upon awakening. Pavor nocturnus occurs in patients almost every night for months or years (but the frequency is highly variable and may be as low as once a month) and is likely to disappear spontaneously at the age of six to eight years. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Pediatric-stereotypical-behavior-episode Repetitive motor behavior in children, typically rhythmic and persistent; usually not paroxysmal and rarely suggest epilepsy. They include headbanging, head-rolling, jactatio capitis nocturna, body rocking, buccal or lingual movements, hand flapping and related mannerisms, repetitive hand-waving (to self-induce photosensitive seizures). suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Paroxysmal-motor-event Paroxysmal phenomena during neonatal or childhood periods characterized by recurrent motor or behavioral signs or symptoms that must be distinguishes from epileptic disorders. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Syncope Episode with loss of consciousness and muscle tone that is abrupt in onset, of short duration and followed by rapid recovery; it occurs in response to transient impairment of cerebral perfusion. Typical prodromal symptoms often herald onset of syncope and postictal symptoms are minimal. Syncopal convulsions resulting from cerebral anoxia are common but are not a form of epilepsy, nor are there any accompanying EEG ictal discharges. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Cataplexy A sudden decrement in muscle tone and loss of deep tendon reflexes, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, or postural collapse. Cataplexy usually is precipitated by an outburst of emotional expression-notably laughter, anger, or startle. It is one of the tetrad of symptoms of narcolepsy. During cataplexy, respiration and voluntary eye movements are not compromised. Consciousness is preserved. suggestedTag Episode-phase Finding-significance-to-recording Episode-consciousness Episode-awareness Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship Episode-event-count State-episode-start Episode-postictal-phase Episode-prodrome Episode-tongue-biting Other-episode requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Physiologic-pattern EEG graphoelements or rhythms that are considered normal. They only should be scored if the physician considers that they have a specific clinical significance for the recording. requireChild Rhythmic-activity-pattern Not further specified. suggestedTag Delta-activity-morphology Theta-activity-morphology Alpha-activity-morphology Beta-activity-morphology Gamma-activity-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Slow-alpha-variant-rhythm Characteristic rhythms mostly at 4-5 Hz, recorded most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. Generally alternate, or are intermixed, with alpha rhythm to which they often are harmonically related. Amplitude varies but is frequently close to 50 micro V. Blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. Comment: slow alpha variant rhythms should be distinguished from posterior slow waves characteristic of children and adolescents and occasionally seen in young adults. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Fast-alpha-variant-rhythm Characteristic rhythm at 14-20 Hz, detected most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. May alternate or be intermixed with alpha rhythm. Blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. suggestedTag Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Ciganek-rhythm Midline theta rhythm (Ciganek rhythm) may be observed during wakefulness or drowsiness. The frequency is 4-7 Hz, and the location is midline (ie, vertex). The morphology is rhythmic, smooth, sinusoidal, arciform, spiky, or mu-like. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Lambda-wave Diphasic sharp transient occurring over occipital regions of the head of waking subjects during visual exploration. The main component is positive relative to other areas. Time-locked to saccadic eye movement. Amplitude varies but is generally below 50 micro V. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Posterior-slow-waves-youth Waves in the delta and theta range, of variable form, lasting 0.35 to 0.5 s or longer without any consistent periodicity, found in the range of 6-12 years (occasionally seen in young adults). Alpha waves are almost always intermingled or superimposed. Reactive similar to alpha activity. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Diffuse-slowing-hyperventilation Diffuse slowing induced by hyperventilation. Bilateral, diffuse slowing during hyperventilation. Recorded in 70 percent of normal children (3-5 years) and less then 10 percent of adults. Usually appear in the posterior regions and spread forward in younger age group, whereas they tend to appear in the frontal regions and spread backward in the older age group. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Photic-driving Physiologic response consisting of rhythmic activity elicited over the posterior regions of the head by repetitive photic stimulation at frequencies of about 5-30 Hz. Comments: term should be limited to activity time-locked to the stimulus and of frequency identical or harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. Photic driving should be distinguished from the visual evoked potentials elicited by isolated flashes of light or flashes repeated at very low frequency. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Photomyogenic-response A response to intermittent photic stimulation characterized by the appearance in the record of brief, repetitive muscular artifacts (spikes) over the anterior regions of the head. These often increase gradually in amplitude as stimuli are continued and cease promptly when the stimulus is withdrawn. Comment: this response is frequently associated with flutter of the eyelids and vertical oscillations of the eyeballs and sometimes with discrete jerking mostly involving the musculature of the face and head. (Preferred to synonym: photo-myoclonic response). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Other-physiologic-pattern requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Uncertain-significant-pattern EEG graphoelements or rhythms that resemble abnormal patterns but that are not necessarily associated with a pathology, and the physician does not consider them abnormal in the context of the scored recording (like normal variants and patterns). requireChild Sharp-transient-pattern suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Wicket-spikes Spike-like monophasic negative single waves or trains of waves occurring over the temporal regions during drowsiness that have an arcuate or mu-like appearance. These are mainly seen in older individuals and represent a benign variant that is of little clinical significance. Small-sharp-spikes Benign epileptiform Transients of Sleep (BETS). Small sharp spikes (SSS) of very short duration and low amplitude, often followed by a small theta wave, occurring in the temporal regions during drowsiness and light sleep. They occur on one or both sides (often asynchronously). The main negative and positive components are of about equally spiky character. Rarely seen in children, they are seen most often in adults and the elderly. Two thirds of the patients have a history of epileptic seizures. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Fourteen-six-Hz-positive-burst Burst of arch-shaped waves at 13-17 Hz and/or 5-7-Hz but most commonly at 14 and or 6 Hz seen generally over the posterior temporal and adjacent areas of one or both sides of the head during sleep. The sharp peaks of its component waves are positive with respect to other regions. Amplitude varies but is generally below 75 micro V. Comments: (1) best demonstrated by referential recording using contralateral earlobe or other remote, reference electrodes. (2) This pattern has no established clinical significance. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Six-Hz-spike-slow-wave Spike and slow wave complexes at 4-7Hz, but mostly at 6 Hz occurring generally in brief bursts bilaterally and synchronously, symmetrically or asymmetrically, and either confined to or of larger amplitude over the posterior or anterior regions of the head. The spike has a strong positive component. Amplitude varies but is generally smaller than that of spike-and slow-wave complexes repeating at slower rates. Comment: this pattern should be distinguished from epileptiform discharges. Synonym: wave and spike phantom. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Rudimentary-spike-wave-complex Synonym: Pseudo petit mal discharge. Paroxysmal discharge that consists of generalized or nearly generalized high voltage 3 to 4/sec waves with poorly developed spike in the positive trough between the slow waves, occurring in drowsiness only. It is found only in infancy and early childhood when marked hypnagogic rhythmical theta activity is paramount in the drowsy state. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Slow-fused-transient A posterior slow-wave preceded by a sharp-contoured potential that blends together with the ensuing slow wave, in children. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Needle-like-occipital-spikes-blind Spike discharges of a particularly fast and needle-like character develop over the occipital region in most congenitally blind children. Completely disappear during childhood or adolescence. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Subclinical-rhythmic-EEG-discharge-adults Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharge of adults (SERDA). A rhythmic pattern seen in the adult age group, mainly in the waking state or drowsiness. It consists of a mixture of frequencies, often predominant in the theta range. The onset may be fairly abrupt with widespread sharp rhythmical theta and occasionally with delta activity. As to the spatial distribution, a maximum of this discharge is usually found over the centroparietal region and especially over the vertex. It may resemble a seizure discharge but is not accompanied by any clinical signs or symptoms. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Rhythmic-temporal-theta-burst-drowsiness Rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness (RTTD). Characteristic burst of 4-7 Hz waves frequently notched by faster waves, occurring over the temporal regions of the head during drowsiness. Synonym: psychomotor variant pattern. Comment: this is a pattern of drowsiness that is of no clinical significance. Temporal-slowing-elderly Focal theta and/or delta activity over the temporal regions, especially the left, in persons over the age of 60. Amplitudes are low/similar to the background activity. Comment: focal temporal theta was found in 20 percent of people between the ages of 40-59 years, and 40 percent of people between 60 and 79 years. One third of people older than 60 years had focal temporal delta activity. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Breach-rhythm Rhythmical activity recorded over cranial bone defects. Usually it is in the 6 to 11/sec range, does not respond to movements. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Appearance-mode Discharge-pattern Other-uncertain-significant-pattern requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Artifact When relevant for the clinical interpretation, artifacts can be scored by specifying the type and the location. requireChild Biological-artifact requireChild Eye-blink-artifact Example for EEG: Fp1/Fp2 become electropositive with eye closure because the cornea is positively charged causing a negative deflection in Fp1/Fp2. If the eye blink is unilateral, consider prosthetic eye. If it is in F8 rather than Fp2 then the electrodes are plugged in wrong. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Eye-movement-horizontal-artifact Example for EEG: There is an upward deflection in the Fp2-F8 derivation, when the eyes move to the right side. In this case F8 becomes more positive and therefore. When the eyes move to the left, F7 becomes more positive and there is an upward deflection in the Fp1-F7 derivation. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Eye-movement-vertical-artifact Example for EEG: The EEG shows positive potentials (50-100 micro V) with bi-frontal distribution, maximum at Fp1 and Fp2, when the eyeball rotated upward. The downward rotation of the eyeball was associated with the negative deflection. The time course of the deflections was similar to the time course of the eyeball movement. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Slow-eye-movement-artifact Slow, rolling eye-movements, seen during drowsiness. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Nystagmus-artifact suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Chewing-artifact suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Sucking-artifact suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Glossokinetic-artifact The tongue functions as a dipole, with the tip negative with respect to the base. The artifact produced by the tongue has a broad potential field that drops from frontal to occipital areas, although it is less steep than that produced by eye movement artifacts. The amplitude of the potentials is greater inferiorly than in parasagittal regions; the frequency is variable but usually in the delta range. Chewing and sucking can produce similar artifacts. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Rocking-patting-artifact Quasi-rhythmical artifacts in recordings from infants caused by rocking/patting. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Movement-artifact Example for EEG: Large amplitude artifact, with irregular morphology (usually resembling a slow-wave or a wave with complex morphology) seen in one or several channels, due to movement. If the causing movement is repetitive, the artifact might resemble a rhythmic EEG activity. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Respiration-artifact Respiration can produce 2 kinds of artifacts. One type is in the form of slow and rhythmic activity, synchronous with the body movements of respiration and mechanically affecting the impedance of (usually) one electrode. The other type can be slow or sharp waves that occur synchronously with inhalation or exhalation and involve those electrodes on which the patient is lying. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Pulse-artifact Example for EEG: Occurs when an EEG electrode is placed over a pulsating vessel. The pulsation can cause slow waves that may simulate EEG activity. A direct relationship exists between ECG and the pulse waves (200-300 millisecond delay after ECG equals QRS complex). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording ECG-artifact Example for EEG: Far-field potential generated in the heart. The voltage and apparent surface of the artifact vary from derivation to derivation and, consequently, from montage to montage. The artifact is observed best in referential montages using earlobe electrodes A1 and A2. ECG artifact is recognized easily by its rhythmicity/regularity and coincidence with the ECG tracing. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Sweat-artifact Is a low amplitude undulating waveform that is usually greater than 2 seconds and may appear to be an unstable baseline. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording EMG-artifact Myogenic potentials are the most common artifacts. Frontalis and temporalis muscles (ex..: clenching of jaw muscles) are common causes. Generally, the potentials generated in the muscles are of shorter duration than those generated in the brain. The frequency components are usually beyond 30-50 Hz, and the bursts are arrhythmic. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Multifocal-finding Artifact-significance-to-recording Non-biological-artifact requireChild Power-supply-artifact 50-60 Hz artifact. Monomorphic waveform due to 50 or 60 Hz A/C power supply. suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Induction-artifact Artifacts (usually of high frequency) induced by nearby equipment (like in the intensive care unit). suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Dialysis-artifact suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Artificial-ventilation-artifact suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Electrode-pops-artifact Are brief discharges with a very steep upslope and shallow fall that occur in all leads which include that electrode. suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Salt-bridge-artifact Typically occurs in 1 channel which may appear isoelectric. Only seen in bipolar montage. suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording Other-artifact requireChild suggestedTag Artifact-significance-to-recording # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Polygraphic-channel-finding Changes observed in polygraphic channels can be scored: EOG, Respiration, ECG, EMG, other polygraphic channel (+ free text), and their significance logged (normal, abnormal, no definite abnormality). requireChild EOG-channel-finding ElectroOculoGraphy. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Respiration-channel-finding suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording Respiration-oxygen-saturation # takesValue valueClass numericClass Respiration-feature Apnoe-respiration Add duration (range in seconds) and comments in free text. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hypopnea-respiration Add duration (range in seconds) and comments in free text # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Apnea-hypopnea-index-respiration Events/h. Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-respiration # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Tachypnea-respiration Cycles/min. Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Other-respiration-feature requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-channel-finding Electrocardiography. suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording ECG-QT-period # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-feature ECG-sinus-rhythm Normal rhythm. Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-arrhythmia # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-asystolia Add duration (range in seconds) and comments in free text. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-bradycardia Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-extrasystole # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-ventricular-premature-depolarization Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass ECG-tachycardia Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Other-ECG-feature requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-channel-finding electromyography suggestedTag Finding-significance-to-recording EMG-muscle-side EMG-left-muscle # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-right-muscle # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-bilateral-muscle # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-muscle-name # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-feature EMG-myoclonus Negative-myoclonus # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-myoclonus-rhythmic # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-myoclonus-arrhythmic # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-myoclonus-synchronous # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-myoclonus-asynchronous # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-PLMS Periodic limb movements in sleep. EMG-spasm # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-tonic-contraction # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-asymmetric-activation requireChild EMG-asymmetric-activation-left-first # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass EMG-asymmetric-activation-right-first # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Other-EMG-features requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Other-polygraphic-channel requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-property Descriptive element similar to main HED /Property. Something that pertains to a thing. A characteristic of some entity. A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something. HED attributes are adjectives or adverbs. requireChild Signal-morphology-property requireChild Rhythmic-activity-morphology EEG activity consisting of a sequence of waves approximately constant period. Delta-activity-morphology EEG rhythm in the delta (under 4 Hz) range that does not belong to the posterior dominant rhythm (scored under other organized rhythms). suggestedTag Finding-frequency Finding-amplitude # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Theta-activity-morphology EEG rhythm in the theta (4-8 Hz) range that does not belong to the posterior dominant rhythm (scored under other organized rhythm). suggestedTag Finding-frequency Finding-amplitude # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Alpha-activity-morphology EEG rhythm in the alpha range (8-13 Hz) which is considered part of the background (ongoing) activity but does not fulfill the criteria of the posterior dominant rhythm (alpha rhythm). suggestedTag Finding-frequency Finding-amplitude # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Beta-activity-morphology EEG rhythm between 14 and 40 Hz, which is considered part of the background (ongoing) activity but does not fulfill the criteria of the posterior dominant rhythm. Most characteristically: a rhythm from 14 to 40 Hz recorded over the fronto-central regions of the head during wakefulness. Amplitude of the beta rhythm varies but is mostly below 30 microV. Other beta rhythms are most prominent in other locations or are diffuse. suggestedTag Finding-frequency Finding-amplitude # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Gamma-activity-morphology suggestedTag Finding-frequency Finding-amplitude # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Spike-morphology A transient, clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale and duration from 20 to under 70 ms, i.e. 1/50-1/15 s approximately. Main component is generally negative relative to other areas. Amplitude varies. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Spike-and-slow-wave-morphology A pattern consisting of a spike followed by a slow wave. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Runs-of-rapid-spikes-morphology Bursts of spike discharges at a rate from 10 to 25/sec (in most cases somewhat irregular). The bursts last more than 2 seconds (usually 2 to 10 seconds) and it is typically seen in sleep. Synonyms: rhythmic spikes, generalized paroxysmal fast activity, fast paroxysmal rhythms, grand mal discharge, fast beta activity. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Polyspikes-morphology Two or more consecutive spikes. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Polyspike-and-slow-wave-morphology Two or more consecutive spikes associated with one or more slow waves. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sharp-wave-morphology A transient clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale, and duration of 70-200 ms, i.e. over 1/4-1/5 s approximately. Main component is generally negative relative to other areas. Amplitude varies. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sharp-and-slow-wave-morphology A sequence of a sharp wave and a slow wave. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Slow-sharp-wave-morphology A transient that bears all the characteristics of a sharp-wave, but exceeds 200 ms. Synonym: blunted sharp wave. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass High-frequency-oscillation-morphology HFO. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hypsarrhythmia-classic-morphology Abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hypsarrhythmia-modified-morphology # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Fast-spike-activity-morphology A burst consisting of a sequence of spikes. Duration greater than 1 s. Frequency at least in the alpha range. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Low-voltage-fast-activity-morphology Refers to the fast, and often recruiting activity which can be recorded at the onset of an ictal discharge, particularly in invasive EEG recording of a seizure. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Polysharp-waves-morphology A sequence of two or more sharp-waves. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Slow-wave-large-amplitude-morphology # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Irregular-delta-or-theta-activity-morphology EEG activity consisting of repetitive waves of inconsistent wave-duration but in delta and/or theta rang (greater than 125 ms). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Electrodecremental-change-morphology Sudden desynchronization of electrical activity. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass DC-shift-morphology Shift of negative polarity of the direct current recordings, during seizures. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Disappearance-of-ongoing-activity-morphology Disappearance of the EEG activity that preceded the ictal event but still remnants of background activity (thus not enough to name it electrodecremental change). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Polymorphic-delta-activity-morphology EEG activity consisting of waves in the delta range (over 250 ms duration for each wave) but of different morphology. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Frontal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology Frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA). Fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 1.5-2.5 Hz over the frontal areas of one or both sides of the head. Comment: most commonly associated with unspecified encephalopathy, in adults. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Occipital-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology Occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity (OIRDA). Fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 2-3 Hz over the occipital or posterior head regions of one or both sides of the head. Frequently blocked or attenuated by opening the eyes. Comment: most commonly associated with unspecified encephalopathy, in children. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Temporal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology Temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (TIRDA). Fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at over the temporal areas of one side of the head. Comment: most commonly associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharges-morphology Periodic discharges not further specified (PDs). requireChild Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Periodic-discharges-fast-superimposed-activity suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharges-rhythmic-superimposed-activity suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-sharpness requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Spiky-periodic-discharge-sharpness # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sharp-periodic-discharge-sharpness # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sharply-contoured-periodic-discharge-sharpness # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Blunt-periodic-discharge-sharpness # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine 1-periodic-discharge-phase # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass 2-periodic-discharge-phases # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass 3-periodic-discharge-phases # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Greater-than-3-periodic-discharge-phases # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude-very-low Lower than 20 microV. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Low-periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude 20 to 49 microV. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Medium-periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude 50 to 199 microV. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass High-periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude Greater than 200 microV. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude-less-than-equal-2 # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude-greater-than-2 # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-polarity requireChild Periodic-discharge-postitive-polarity # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-negative-polarity # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-unclear-polarity # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Source-analysis-property How the current in the brain reaches the electrode sensors. requireChild Source-analysis-laterality requireChild suggestedTag Brain-laterality Source-analysis-brain-region requireChild Source-analysis-frontal-perisylvian-superior-surface Source-analysis-frontal-lateral Source-analysis-frontal-mesial Source-analysis-frontal-polar Source-analysis-frontal-orbitofrontal Source-analysis-temporal-polar Source-analysis-temporal-basal Source-analysis-temporal-lateral-anterior Source-analysis-temporal-lateral-posterior Source-analysis-temporal-perisylvian-inferior-surface Source-analysis-central-lateral-convexity Source-analysis-central-mesial Source-analysis-central-sulcus-anterior-surface Source-analysis-central-sulcus-posterior-surface Source-analysis-central-opercular Source-analysis-parietal-lateral-convexity Source-analysis-parietal-mesial Source-analysis-parietal-opercular Source-analysis-occipital-lateral Source-analysis-occipital-mesial Source-analysis-occipital-basal Source-analysis-insula Location-property Location can be scored for findings. Semiologic finding can also be characterized by the somatotopic modifier (i.e. the part of the body where it occurs). In this respect, laterality (left, right, symmetric, asymmetric, left greater than right, right greater than left), body part (eyelid, face, arm, leg, trunk, visceral, hemi-) and centricity (axial, proximal limb, distal limb) can be scored. requireChild Brain-laterality requireChild Brain-laterality-left # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-laterality-left-greater-right # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-laterality-right # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-laterality-right-greater-left # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-laterality-midline # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-laterality-diffuse-asynchronous # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-region requireChild Brain-region-frontal # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-region-temporal # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-region-central # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-region-parietal # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-region-occipital # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Body-part-location requireChild Eyelid-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Face-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Arm-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Leg-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Trunk-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Visceral-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hemi-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-centricity requireChild Brain-centricity-axial # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-centricity-proximal-limb # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brain-centricity-distal-limb # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Sensors Lists all corresponding sensors (electrodes/channels in montage). The sensor-group is selected from a list defined in the site-settings for each EEG-lab. requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-propagation When propagation within the graphoelement is observed, first the location of the onset region is scored. Then, the location of the propagation can be noted. suggestedTag Property-exists Property-absence Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Multifocal-finding When the same interictal graphoelement is observed bilaterally and at least in three independent locations, can score them using one entry, and choosing multifocal as a descriptor of the locations of the given interictal graphoelements, optionally emphasizing the involved, and the most active sites. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Modulators-property For each described graphoelement, the influence of the modulators can be scored. Only modulators present in the recording are scored. requireChild Modulators-reactivity Susceptibility of individual rhythms or the EEG as a whole to change following sensory stimulation or other physiologic actions. requireChild suggestedTag Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Eye-closure-sensitivity Eye closure sensitivity. suggestedTag Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Eye-opening-passive Passive eye opening. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Finding-triggered-by Medication-effect-EEG Medications effect on EEG. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Medication-reduction-effect-EEG Medications reduction or withdrawal effect on EEG. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Auditive-stimuli-effect Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Nociceptive-stimuli-effect Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Finding-triggered-by Physical-effort-effect Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Finding-triggered-by Cognitive-task-effect Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Finding-triggered-by Other-modulators-effect-EEG requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor Facilitating factors are defined as transient and sporadic endogenous or exogenous elements capable of augmenting seizure incidence (increasing the likelihood of seizure occurrence). Facilitating-factor-alcohol # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor-awake # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor-catamenial # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor-fever # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor-sleep # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor-sleep-deprived # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Facilitating-factor-other requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Provocative-factor Provocative factors are defined as transient and sporadic endogenous or exogenous elements capable of evoking/triggering seizures immediately following the exposure to it. requireChild Hyperventilation-provoked # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Reflex-provoked # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Medication-effect-clinical Medications clinical effect. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Medication-reduction-effect-clinical Medications reduction or withdrawal clinical effect. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing. suggestedTag Finding-stopped-by Finding-unmodified Other-modulators-effect-clinical requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Intermittent-photic-stimulation-effect requireChild Posterior-stimulus-dependent-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-stimulus-independent-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-limited limited to the stimulus-train suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-stimulus-independent-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-self-sustained suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Generalized-photoparoxysmal-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-limited Limited to the stimulus-train. suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Generalized-photoparoxysmal-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-self-sustained suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Activation-of-pre-existing-epileptogenic-area-intermittent-photic-stimulation-effect suggestedTag Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Unmodified-intermittent-photic-stimulation-effect # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Quality-of-hyperventilation requireChild Hyperventilation-refused-procedure # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hyperventilation-poor-effort # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hyperventilation-good-effort # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Hyperventilation-excellent-effort # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Modulators-effect Tags for describing the influence of the modulators requireChild Modulators-effect-continuous-during-NRS Continuous during non-rapid-eye-movement-sleep (NRS) # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Modulators-effect-only-during # Only during Sleep/Awakening/Hyperventilation/Physical effort/Cognitive task. Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Modulators-effect-change-of-patterns Change of patterns during sleep/awakening. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Time-related-property Important to estimate how often an interictal abnormality is seen in the recording. requireChild Appearance-mode Describes how the non-ictal EEG pattern/graphoelement is distributed through the recording. requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Random-appearance-mode Occurrence of the non-ictal EEG pattern / graphoelement without any rhythmicity / periodicity. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-appearance-mode Non-ictal EEG pattern / graphoelement occurring at an approximately regular rate / interval (generally of 1 to several seconds). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Variable-appearance-mode Occurrence of non-ictal EEG pattern / graphoelements, that is sometimes rhythmic or periodic, other times random, throughout the recording. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Intermittent-appearance-mode # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Continuous-appearance-mode # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Discharge-pattern Describes the organization of the EEG signal within the discharge (distinguish between single and repetitive discharges) requireChild Single-discharge-pattern Applies to the intra-burst pattern: a graphoelement that is not repetitive; before and after the graphoelement one can distinguish the background activity. suggestedTag Finding-incidence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Rhythmic-trains-or-bursts-discharge-pattern Applies to the intra-burst pattern: a non-ictal graphoelement that repeats itself without returning to the background activity between them. The graphoelements within this repetition occur at approximately constant period. suggestedTag Finding-prevalence Finding-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Arrhythmic-trains-or-bursts-discharge-pattern Applies to the intra-burst pattern: a non-ictal graphoelement that repeats itself without returning to the background activity between them. The graphoelements within this repetition occur at inconstant period. suggestedTag Finding-prevalence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Fragmented-discharge-pattern # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-time-related-features Periodic discharges not further specified (PDs) time-relayed features tags. requireChild Periodic-discharge-duration requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Very-brief-periodic-discharge-duration Less than 10 sec. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Brief-periodic-discharge-duration 10 to 59 sec. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Intermediate-periodic-discharge-duration 1 to 4.9 min. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Long-periodic-discharge-duration 5 to 59 min. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Very-long-periodic-discharge-duration Greater than 1 hour. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-onset requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Sudden-periodic-discharge-onset # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Gradual-periodic-discharge-onset # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Periodic-discharge-dynamics requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Evolving-periodic-discharge-dynamics # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Fluctuating-periodic-discharge-dynamics # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Static-periodic-discharge-dynamics # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-extent Percentage of occurrence during the recording (background activity and interictal finding). # takesValue valueClass numericClass Finding-incidence How often it occurs/time-epoch. requireChild Only-once-finding-incidence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Rare-finding-incidence less than 1/h # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Uncommon-finding-incidence 1/5 min to 1/h. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Occasional-finding-incidence 1/min to 1/5min. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Frequent-finding-incidence 1/10 s to 1/min. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Abundant-finding-incidence Greater than 1/10 s). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-prevalence The percentage of the recording covered by the train/burst. requireChild Rare-finding-prevalence Less than 1 percent. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Occasional-finding-prevalence 1 to 9 percent. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Frequent-finding-prevalence 10 to 49 percent. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Abundant-finding-prevalence 50 to 89 percent. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Continuous-finding-prevalence Greater than 90 percent. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-property Posterior dominant rhythm is the most often scored EEG feature in clinical practice. Therefore, there are specific terms that can be chosen for characterizing the PDR. requireChild Posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Low-posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range Low (less than 20 microV). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Medium-posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range Medium (between 20 and 70 microV). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass High-posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range High (more than 70 microV). # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry When symmetrical could be labeled with base schema Symmetrical tag. requireChild Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry-lower-left Hz lower on the left side. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry-lower-right Hz lower on the right side. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity Change (disappearance or measurable decrease in amplitude) of a posterior dominant rhythm following eye-opening. Eye closure has the opposite effect. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity-reduced-left Reduced left side reactivity. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity-reduced-right Reduced right side reactivity. # free text takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity-reduced-both Reduced reactivity on both sides. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization When normal could be labeled with base schema Normal tag. requireChild Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization-poorly-organized Poorly organized. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization-disorganized Disorganized. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization-markedly-disorganized Markedly disorganized. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat Caveat to the annotation of PDR. requireChild No-posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-only-open-eyes-during-the-recording # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-sleep-deprived-caveat # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-drowsy # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-only-following-hyperventilation Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm Reason for absence of PDR. requireChild Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-artifacts # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-extreme-low-voltage # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-closure-could-not-be-achieved # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-lack-of-awake-period # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-lack-of-compliance # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-other-causes requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-property requireChild Seizure-classification Epileptic seizures are named using the current ILAE seizure classification (Fisher et al., 2017, Beniczky et al., 2017). requireChild Motor-onset-seizure Myoclonic-motor-onset-seizure Negative-myoclonic-motor-onset-seizure Clonic-motor-onset-seizure Tonic-motor-onset-seizure Atonic-motor-onset-seizure Myoclonic-atonic-motor-onset-seizure Myoclonic-tonic-clonic-motor-onset-seizure Tonic-clonic-motor-onset-seizure Automatism-motor-onset-seizure Hyperkinetic-motor-onset-seizure Epileptic-spasm-episode Nonmotor-onset-seizure Behavior-arrest-nonmotor-onset-seizure Sensory-nonmotor-onset-seizure Emotional-nonmotor-onset-seizure Cognitive-nonmotor-onset-seizure Autonomic-nonmotor-onset-seizure Absence-seizure Typical-absence-seizure Atypical-absence-seizure Myoclonic-absence-seizure Eyelid-myoclonia-absence-seizure Episode-phase The electroclinical findings (i.e., the seizure semiology and the ictal EEG) are divided in three phases: onset, propagation, and postictal. requireChild suggestedTag Seizure-semiology-manifestation Postictal-semiology-manifestation Ictal-EEG-patterns Episode-phase-initial Episode-phase-subsequent Episode-phase-postictal Seizure-semiology-manifestation Semiology is described according to the ILAE Glossary of Descriptive Terminology for Ictal Semiology (Blume et al., 2001). Besides the name, the semiologic finding can also be characterized by the somatotopic modifier, laterality, body part and centricity. Uses Location-property tags. requireChild Semiology-motor-manifestation Semiology-elementary-motor Semiology-motor-tonic A sustained increase in muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-dystonic Sustained contractions of both agonist and antagonist muscles producing athetoid or twisting movements, which, when prolonged, may produce abnormal postures. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-epileptic-spasm A sudden flexion, extension, or mixed extension flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles that is usually more sustained than a myoclonic movement but not so sustained as a tonic seizure (i.e., about 1 s). Limited forms may occur: grimacing, head nodding. Frequent occurrence in clusters. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-postural Adoption of a posture that may be bilaterally symmetric or asymmetric (as in a fencing posture). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-versive A sustained, forced conjugate ocular, cephalic, and/or truncal rotation or lateral deviation from the midline. suggestedTag Body-part-location Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-clonic Myoclonus that is regularly repetitive, involves the same muscle groups, at a frequency of about 2 to 3 c/s, and is prolonged. Synonym: rhythmic myoclonus . suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-myoclonic Characterized by myoclonus. MYOCLONUS : sudden, brief (lower than 100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-jacksonian-march Term indicating spread of clonic movements through contiguous body parts unilaterally. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-negative-myoclonus Characterized by negative myoclonus. NEGATIVE MYOCLONUS: interruption of tonic muscular activity for lower than 500 ms without evidence of preceding myoclonia. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic A sequence consisting of a tonic followed by a clonic phase. Variants such as clonic-tonic-clonic may be seen. Asymmetry of limb posture during the tonic phase of a GTC: one arm is rigidly extended at the elbow (often with the fist clenched tightly and flexed at the wrist), whereas the opposite arm is flexed at the elbow. requireChild Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic-without-figure-of-four suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic-with-figure-of-four-extension-left-elbow suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic-with-figure-of-four-extension-right-elbow suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-astatic Loss of erect posture that results from an atonic, myoclonic, or tonic mechanism. Synonym: drop attack. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-atonic Sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone without apparent preceding myoclonic or tonic event lasting greater or equal to 1 to 2 s, involving head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-eye-blinking suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-other-elementary-motor requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Semiology-motor-automatisms Semiology-motor-automatisms-mimetic Facial expression suggesting an emotional state, often fear. suggestedTag Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-oroalimentary Lip smacking, lip pursing, chewing, licking, tooth grinding, or swallowing. suggestedTag Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-dacrystic Bursts of crying. suggestedTag Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-dyspraxic Inability to perform learned movements spontaneously or on command or imitation despite intact relevant motor and sensory systems and adequate comprehension and cooperation. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-manual 1. Indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral. 2. Fumbling, tapping, manipulating movements. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-centricity Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-gestural Semipurposive, asynchronous hand movements. Often unilateral. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-pedal 1. Indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral. 2. Fumbling, tapping, manipulating movements. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Brain-centricity Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-hypermotor 1. Involves predominantly proximal limb or axial muscles producing irregular sequential ballistic movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rocking movements. 2. Increase in rate of ongoing movements or inappropriately rapid performance of a movement. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-hypokinetic A decrease in amplitude and/or rate or arrest of ongoing motor activity. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-automatisms-gelastic Bursts of laughter or giggling, usually without an appropriate affective tone. suggestedTag Episode-responsiveness Episode-appearance Episode-event-count Semiology-motor-other-automatisms requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Semiology-motor-behavioral-arrest Interruption of ongoing motor activity or of ongoing behaviors with fixed gaze, without movement of the head or trunk (oro-alimentary and hand automatisms may continue). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-non-motor-manifestation Semiology-sensory Semiology-sensory-headache Headache occurring in close temporal proximity to the seizure or as the sole seizure manifestation. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-visual Flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-auditory Buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-olfactory suggestedTag Body-part-location Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-gustatory Taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-epigastric Abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-somatosensory Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, sense of movement or desire to move. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-painful Peripheral (lateralized/bilateral), cephalic, abdominal. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-autonomic-sensation A sensation consistent with involvement of the autonomic nervous system, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions. (Thus autonomic aura; cf. autonomic events 3.0). suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-sensory-other requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Semiology-experiential Semiology-experiential-affective-emotional Components include fear, depression, joy, and (rarely) anger. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-experiential-hallucinatory Composite perceptions without corresponding external stimuli involving visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatory phenomena. Example: hearing and seeing people talking. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-experiential-illusory An alteration of actual percepts involving the visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory systems. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-experiential-mnemonic Components that reflect ictal dysmnesia such as feelings of familiarity (deja-vu) and unfamiliarity (jamais-vu). Semiology-experiential-mnemonic-Deja-vu suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-experiential-mnemonic-Jamais-vu suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-experiential-other requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Semiology-dyscognitive The term describes events in which (1) disturbance of cognition is the predominant or most apparent feature, and (2a) two or more of the following components are involved, or (2b) involvement of such components remains undetermined. Otherwise, use the more specific term (e.g., mnemonic experiential seizure or hallucinatory experiential seizure). Components of cognition: ++ perception: symbolic conception of sensory information ++ attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task ++ emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception ++ memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts ++ executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-language-related Semiology-language-related-vocalization suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-language-related-verbalization suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-language-related-dysphasia suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-language-related-aphasia suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-language-related-other requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Semiology-autonomic Semiology-autonomic-pupillary Mydriasis, miosis (either bilateral or unilateral). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-hypersalivation Increase in production of saliva leading to uncontrollable drooling suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-respiratory-apnoeic subjective shortness of breath, hyperventilation, stridor, coughing, choking, apnea, oxygen desaturation, neurogenic pulmonary edema. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-cardiovascular Modifications of heart rate (tachycardia, bradycardia), cardiac arrhythmias (such as sinus arrhythmia, sinus arrest, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial premature depolarizations, ventricular premature depolarizations, atrio-ventricular block, bundle branch block, atrioventricular nodal escape rhythm, asystole). suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-gastrointestinal Nausea, eructation, vomiting, retching, abdominal sensations, abdominal pain, flatulence, spitting, diarrhea. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-urinary-incontinence urinary urge (intense urinary urge at the beginning of seizures), urinary incontinence, ictal urination (rare symptom of partial seizures without loss of consciousness). suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-genital Sexual auras (erotic thoughts and feelings, sexual arousal and orgasm). Genital auras (unpleasant, sometimes painful, frightening or emotionally neutral somatosensory sensations in the genitals that can be accompanied by ictal orgasm). Sexual automatisms (hypermotor movements consisting of writhing, thrusting, rhythmic movements of the pelvis, arms and legs, sometimes associated with picking and rhythmic manipulation of the groin or genitalia, exhibitionism and masturbation). suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-vasomotor Flushing or pallor (may be accompanied by feelings of warmth, cold and pain). suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-sudomotor Sweating and piloerection (may be accompanied by feelings of warmth, cold and pain). suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-thermoregulatory Hyperthermia, fever. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Semiology-autonomic-other requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Semiology-manifestation-other requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Postictal-semiology-manifestation requireChild Postictal-semiology-unconscious suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-quick-recovery-of-consciousness Quick recovery of awareness and responsiveness. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-aphasia-or-dysphasia Impaired communication involving language without dysfunction of relevant primary motor or sensory pathways, manifested as impaired comprehension, anomia, parahasic errors or a combination of these. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-behavioral-change Occurring immediately after a aseizure. Including psychosis, hypomanina, obsessive-compulsive behavior. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-hemianopia Postictal visual loss in a a hemi field. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-impaired-cognition Decreased Cognitive performance involving one or more of perception, attention, emotion, memory, execution, praxis, speech. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-dysphoria Depression, irritability, euphoric mood, fear, anxiety. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-headache Headache with features of tension-type or migraine headache that develops within 3 h following the seizure and resolves within 72 h after seizure. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-nose-wiping Noes-wiping usually within 60 sec of seizure offset, usually with the hand ipsilateral to the seizure onset. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-anterograde-amnesia Impaired ability to remember new material. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-retrograde-amnesia Impaired ability to recall previously remember material. suggestedTag Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-paresis Todds palsy. Any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory and/or integrative functions. suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-event-count Postictal-semiology-sleep Invincible need to sleep after a seizure. Postictal-semiology-unilateral-myoclonic-jerks unilateral motor phenomena, other then specified, occurring in postictal phase. Postictal-semiology-other-unilateral-motor-phenomena requireChild # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Polygraphic-channel-relation-to-episode requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Polygraphic-channel-cause-to-episode Polygraphic-channel-consequence-of-episode Ictal-EEG-patterns Ictal-EEG-patterns-obscured-by-artifacts The interpretation of the EEG is not possible due to artifacts. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Ictal-EEG-activity suggestedTag Polyspikes-morphology Fast-spike-activity-morphology Low-voltage-fast-activity-morphology Polysharp-waves-morphology Spike-and-slow-wave-morphology Polyspike-and-slow-wave-morphology Sharp-and-slow-wave-morphology Rhythmic-activity-morphology Slow-wave-large-amplitude-morphology Irregular-delta-or-theta-activity-morphology Electrodecremental-change-morphology DC-shift-morphology Disappearance-of-ongoing-activity-morphology Brain-laterality Brain-region Sensors Source-analysis-laterality Source-analysis-brain-region Episode-event-count Postictal-EEG-activity suggestedTag Brain-laterality Body-part-location Brain-centricity Episode-time-context-property Additional clinically relevant features related to episodes can be scored under timing and context. If needed, episode duration can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Temporal-value/Duration. Episode-consciousness requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Episode-consciousness-not-tested # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-consciousness-affected # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-consciousness-mildly-affected # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-consciousness-not-affected # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-awareness suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Clinical-start-followed-EEG Clinical start, followed by EEG start by X seconds. # takesValue valueClass numericClass unitClass timeUnits EEG-start-followed-clinical EEG start, followed by clinical start by X seconds. # takesValue valueClass numericClass unitClass timeUnits Simultaneous-start-clinical-EEG Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship-notes Clinical notes to annotate the clinical-EEG temporal relationship. # takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-event-count Number of stereotypical episodes during the recording. suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine # takesValue valueClass numericClass State-episode-start State at the start of the episode. requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Episode-start-from-sleep # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-start-from-awake # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-postictal-phase suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine # takesValue valueClass numericClass unitClass timeUnits Episode-prodrome Prodrome is a preictal phenomenon, and it is defined as a subjective or objective clinical alteration (e.g., ill-localized sensation or agitation) that heralds the onset of an epileptic seizure but does not form part of it (Blume et al., 2001). Therefore, prodrome should be distinguished from aura (which is an ictal phenomenon). suggestedTag Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-tongue-biting suggestedTag Property-exists Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-responsiveness requireChild suggestedTag Property-not-possible-to-determine Episode-responsiveness-preserved # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-responsiveness-affected # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-appearance requireChild Episode-appearance-interactive # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Episode-appearance-spontaneous # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Seizure-dynamics Spatiotemporal dynamics can be scored (evolution in morphology; evolution in frequency; evolution in location). requireChild Seizure-dynamics-evolution-morphology # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Seizure-dynamics-evolution-frequency # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Seizure-dynamics-evolution-location # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Seizure-dynamics-not-possible-to-determine Not possible to determine. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Other-finding-property requireChild Artifact-significance-to-recording It is important to score the significance of the described artifacts: recording is not interpretable, recording of reduced diagnostic value, does not interfere with the interpretation of the recording. requireChild Recording-not-interpretable-due-to-artifact # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Recording-of-reduced-diagnostic-value-due-to-artifact # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Artifact-does-not-interfere-recording # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-significance-to-recording Significance of finding. When normal/abnormal could be labeled with base schema Normal/Abnormal tags. requireChild Finding-no-definite-abnormality # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-significance-not-possible-to-determine Not possible to determine. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-frequency Value in Hz (number) typed in. # takesValue valueClass numericClass unitClass frequencyUnits Finding-amplitude Value in microvolts (number) typed in. # takesValue valueClass numericClass unitClass electricPotentialUnits Finding-amplitude-asymmetry For posterior dominant rhythm: a difference in amplitude between the homologous area on opposite sides of the head that consistently exceeds 50 percent. When symmetrical could be labeled with base schema Symmetrical tag. For sleep: Absence or consistently marked amplitude asymmetry (greater than 50 percent) of a normal sleep graphoelement. requireChild Finding-amplitude-asymmetry-lower-left Amplitude lower on the left side. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-amplitude-asymmetry-lower-right Amplitude lower on the right side. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-amplitude-asymmetry-not-possible-to-determine Not possible to determine. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-stopped-by # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-triggered-by # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Finding-unmodified # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Property-not-possible-to-determine Not possible to determine. # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Property-exists # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass Property-absence # Free text. takesValue valueClass textClass accelerationUnits defaultUnits m-per-s^2 m-per-s^2 SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 angleUnits defaultUnits radian radian SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 rad SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 degree conversionFactor 0.0174533 areaUnits defaultUnits m^2 m^2 SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 currencyUnits Units indicating the worth of something. defaultUnits $ dollar conversionFactor 1.0 $ unitPrefix unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 euro point electricPotentialUnits defaultUnits uv v SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 0.000001 Volt SIUnit conversionFactor 0.000001 frequencyUnits defaultUnits Hz hertz SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 Hz SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 intensityUnits defaultUnits dB dB Intensity expressed as ratio to a threshold. May be used for sound intensity. unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 candela Units used to express light intensity. SIUnit cd Units used to express light intensity. SIUnit unitSymbol jerkUnits defaultUnits m-per-s^3 m-per-s^3 unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 magneticFieldUnits Units used to magnetic field intensity. defaultUnits fT tesla SIUnit conversionFactor 10^-15 T SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 10^-15 memorySizeUnits defaultUnits B byte SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 B SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 physicalLengthUnits defaultUnits m foot conversionFactor 0.3048 inch conversionFactor 0.0254 metre SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 m SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 mile conversionFactor 1609.34 speedUnits defaultUnits m-per-s m-per-s SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 mph unitSymbol conversionFactor 0.44704 kph unitSymbol conversionFactor 0.277778 temperatureUnits degree Celsius SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 oC SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 timeUnits defaultUnits s second SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 s SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 day conversionFactor 86400 minute conversionFactor 60 hour Should be in 24-hour format. conversionFactor 3600 volumeUnits defaultUnits m^3 m^3 SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 weightUnits defaultUnits g g SIUnit unitSymbol conversionFactor 1.0 gram SIUnit conversionFactor 1.0 pound conversionFactor 453.592 lb conversionFactor 453.592 deca SI unit multiple representing 10^1. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10.0 da SI unit multiple representing 10^1. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10.0 hecto SI unit multiple representing 10^2. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 100.0 h SI unit multiple representing 10^2. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 100.0 kilo SI unit multiple representing 10^3. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 1000.0 k SI unit multiple representing 10^3. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 1000.0 mega SI unit multiple representing 10^6. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^6 M SI unit multiple representing 10^6. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^6 giga SI unit multiple representing 10^9. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^9 G SI unit multiple representing 10^9. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^9 tera SI unit multiple representing 10^12. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^12 T SI unit multiple representing 10^12. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^12 peta SI unit multiple representing 10^15. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^15 P SI unit multiple representing 10^15. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^15 exa SI unit multiple representing 10^18. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^18 E SI unit multiple representing 10^18. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^18 zetta SI unit multiple representing 10^21. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^21 Z SI unit multiple representing 10^21. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^21 yotta SI unit multiple representing 10^24. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^24 Y SI unit multiple representing 10^24. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^24 deci SI unit submultiple representing 10^-1. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 0.1 d SI unit submultiple representing 10^-1. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 0.1 centi SI unit submultiple representing 10^-2. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 0.01 c SI unit submultiple representing 10^-2. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 0.01 milli SI unit submultiple representing 10^-3. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 0.001 m SI unit submultiple representing 10^-3. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 0.001 micro SI unit submultiple representing 10^-6. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-6 u SI unit submultiple representing 10^-6. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-6 nano SI unit submultiple representing 10^-9. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-9 n SI unit submultiple representing 10^-9. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-9 pico SI unit submultiple representing 10^-12. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-12 p SI unit submultiple representing 10^-12. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-12 femto SI unit submultiple representing 10^-15. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-15 f SI unit submultiple representing 10^-15. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-15 atto SI unit submultiple representing 10^-18. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-18 a SI unit submultiple representing 10^-18. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-18 zepto SI unit submultiple representing 10^-21. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-21 z SI unit submultiple representing 10^-21. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-21 yocto SI unit submultiple representing 10^-24. SIUnitModifier conversionFactor 10^-24 y SI unit submultiple representing 10^-24. SIUnitSymbolModifier conversionFactor 10^-24 dateTimeClass Date-times should conform to ISO8601 date-time format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss. Any variation on the full form is allowed. allowedCharacter digits T - : nameClass Value class designating values that have the characteristics of node names. The allowed characters are alphanumeric, hyphen, and underbar. allowedCharacter letters digits _ - numericClass Value must be a valid numerical value. allowedCharacter digits E e + - . posixPath Posix path specification. allowedCharacter digits letters / : textClass Value class designating values that have the characteristics of text such as in descriptions. allowedCharacter letters digits blank + - : ; . / ( ) ? * % $ @ allowedCharacter A schema attribute of value classes specifying a special character that is allowed in expressing the value of a placeholder. Normally the allowed characters are listed individually. However, the word letters designates the upper and lower case alphabetic characters and the word digits designates the digits 0-9. The word blank designates the blank character. valueClassProperty conversionFactor The multiplicative factor to multiply these units to convert to default units. unitProperty unitModifierProperty defaultUnits A schema attribute of unit classes specifying the default units to use if the placeholder has a unit class but the substituted value has no units. unitClassProperty extensionAllowed A schema attribute indicating that users can add unlimited levels of child nodes under this tag. This tag is propagated to child nodes with the exception of the hashtag placeholders. boolProperty recommended A schema attribute indicating that the event-level HED string should include this tag. boolProperty relatedTag A schema attribute suggesting HED tags that are closely related to this tag. This attribute is used by tagging tools. requireChild A schema attribute indicating that one of the node elements descendants must be included when using this tag. boolProperty required A schema attribute indicating that every event-level HED string should include this tag. boolProperty SIUnit A schema attribute indicating that this unit element is an SI unit and can be modified by multiple and submultiple names. Note that some units such as byte are designated as SI units although they are not part of the standard. boolProperty unitProperty SIUnitModifier A schema attribute indicating that this SI unit modifier represents a multiple or submultiple of a base unit rather than a unit symbol. boolProperty unitModifierProperty SIUnitSymbolModifier A schema attribute indicating that this SI unit modifier represents a multiple or submultiple of a unit symbol rather than a base symbol. boolProperty unitModifierProperty suggestedTag A schema attribute that indicates another tag that is often associated with this tag. This attribute is used by tagging tools to provide tagging suggestions. tagGroup A schema attribute indicating the tag can only appear inside a tag group. boolProperty takesValue A schema attribute indicating the tag is a hashtag placeholder that is expected to be replaced with a user-defined value. boolProperty topLevelTagGroup A schema attribute indicating that this tag (or its descendants) can only appear in a top-level tag group. A tag group can have at most one tag with this attribute. boolProperty unique A schema attribute indicating that only one of this tag or its descendants can be used in the event-level HED string. boolProperty unitClass A schema attribute specifying which unit class this value tag belongs to. unitPrefix A schema attribute applied specifically to unit elements to designate that the unit indicator is a prefix (e.g., dollar sign in the currency units). boolProperty unitProperty unitSymbol A schema attribute indicating this tag is an abbreviation or symbol representing a type of unit. Unit symbols represent both the singular and the plural and thus cannot be pluralized. boolProperty unitProperty valueClass A schema attribute specifying which value class this value tag belongs to. boolProperty Indicates that the schema attribute represents something that is either true or false and does not have a value. Attributes without this value are assumed to have string values. unitClassProperty Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to unit classes. unitModifierProperty Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to unit modifier classes. unitProperty Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to units within a unit class. valueClassProperty Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to value classes. The Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE) is a standard terminology for scalp EEG data assessment designed for use in clinical practice that may also be used for research purposes. The SCORE standard defines terms for describing phenomena observed in scalp EEG data. It is also potentially applicable (with some suitable extensions) to EEG recorded in critical care and neonatal settings. The SCORE standard received European consensus and has been endorsed by the European Chapter of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on European Affairs. A second revised and extended version of SCORE achieved international consensus. [1] Beniczky, Sandor, et al. "Standardized computer based organized reporting of EEG: SCORE." Epilepsia 54.6 (2013). [2] Beniczky, Sandor, et al. "Standardized computer based organized reporting of EEG: SCORE second version." Clinical Neurophysiology 128.11 (2017). TPA, January 2023