This schema is a Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED) Library Schema implementation of Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE)[1,2] for describing events occurring during neuroimaging time series recordings.
The HED-SCORE library schema allows neurologists, neurophysiologists, and brain researchers to annotate electrophysiology recordings using terms from an internationally accepted set of defined terms (SCORE) compatible with the HED framework.
The resulting annotations are understandable to clinicians and directly usable in computer analysis.
Future extensions may be implemented in the HED-SCORE library schema.
For more information see https://hed-schema-library.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html.
Modulator
External stimuli / interventions or changes in the alertness level (sleep) that modify: the background activity, or how often a graphoelement is occurring, or change other features of the graphoelement (like intra-burst frequency). For each observed finding, there is an option of specifying how they are influenced by the modulators and procedures that were done during the recording.
requireChild
Sleep-modulator
Sleep-deprivation
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Sleep-following-sleep-deprivation
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Natural-sleep
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Induced-sleep
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Drowsiness
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Awakening
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takesValue
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Medication-modulator
Medication-administered-during-recording
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Medication-withdrawal-or-reduction-during-recording
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Eye-modulator
Manual-eye-closure
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Manual-eye-opening
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takesValue
valueClass
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Stimulation-modulator
Intermittent-photic-stimulation
requireChild
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
unitClass
frequencyUnits
Auditory-stimulation
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takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Nociceptive-stimulation
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Hyperventilation
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Physical-effort
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Cognitive-task
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Other-modulator-or-procedure
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Background-activity
An EEG activity representing the setting in which a given normal or abnormal pattern appears and from which such pattern is distinguished.
requireChild
Posterior-dominant-rhythm
Rhythmic activity occurring during wakefulness over the posterior regions of the head, generally with maximum amplitudes over the occipital areas. Amplitude varies. Best seen with eyes closed and during physical relaxation and relative mental inactivity. Blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. In adults this is the alpha rhythm, and the frequency is 8 to 13 Hz. However the frequency can be higher or lower than this range (often a supra or sub harmonic of alpha frequency) and is called alpha variant rhythm (fast and slow alpha variant rhythm). In children, the normal range of the frequency of the posterior dominant rhythm is age-dependant.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Finding-frequency
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm
Mu-rhythm
EEG rhythm at 7-11 Hz composed of arch-shaped waves occurring over the central or centro-parietal regions of the scalp during wakefulness. Amplitudes varies but is mostly below 50 microV. Blocked or attenuated most clearly by contralateral movement, thought of movement, readiness to move or tactile stimulation.
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Other-organized-rhythm
EEG activity that consisting of waves of approximately constant period, which is considered as part of the background (ongoing) activity, but does not fulfill the criteria of the posterior dominant rhythm.
requireChild
suggestedTag
Delta-activity-morphology
Theta-activity-morphology
Alpha-activity-morphology
Beta-activity-morphology
Gamma-activity-morphology
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
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takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Background-activity-special-feature
Special Features. Special features contains scoring options for the background activity of critically ill patients.
requireChild
Continuous-background-activity
suggestedTag
Delta-activity-morphology
Theta-activity-morphology
Alpha-activity-morphology
Beta-activity-morphology
Gamma-activity-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-extent
Nearly-continuous-background-activity
suggestedTag
Delta-activity-morphology
Theta-activity-morphology
Alpha-activity-morphology
Beta-activity-morphology
Gamma-activity-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-extent
Discontinuous-background-activity
suggestedTag
Delta-activity-morphology
Theta-activity-morphology
Alpha-activity-morphology
Beta-activity-morphology
Gamma-activity-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-extent
Background-burst-suppression
EEG pattern consisting of bursts (activity appearing and disappearing abruptly) interrupted by periods of low amplitude (below 20 microV) and which occurs simultaneously over all head regions.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-extent
Background-burst-attenuation
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-extent
Background-activity-suppression
Periods showing activity under 10 microV (referential montage) and interrupting the background (ongoing) activity.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-extent
Appearance-mode
Electrocerebral-inactivity
Absence of any ongoing cortical electric activities; in all leads EEG is isoelectric or only contains artifacts. Sensitivity has to be increased up to 2 microV/mm; recording time: at least 30 minutes.
Sleep-and-drowsiness
The features of the ongoing activity during sleep are scored here. If abnormal graphoelements appear, disappear or change their morphology during sleep, that is not scored here but at the entry corresponding to that graphooelement (as a modulator).
requireChild
Sleep-architecture
For longer recordings. Only to be scored if whole-night sleep is part of the recording. It is a global descriptor of the structure and pattern of sleep: estimation of the amount of time spent in REM and NREM sleep, sleep duration, NREM-REM cycle.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Normal-sleep-architecture
Abnormal-sleep-architecture
Sleep-stage-reached
For normal sleep patterns the sleep stages reached during the recording can be specified
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-significance-to-recording
Sleep-stage-N1
Sleep stage 1.
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takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sleep-stage-N2
Sleep stage 2.
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takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sleep-stage-N3
Sleep stage 3.
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takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sleep-stage-REM
Rapid eye movement.
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valueClass
textClass
Sleep-spindles
Burst at 11-15 Hz but mostly at 12-14 Hz generally diffuse but of higher voltage over the central regions of the head, occurring during sleep. Amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 microV in the adult.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
Arousal-pattern
Arousal pattern in children. Prolonged, marked high voltage 4-6/s activity in all leads with some intermixed slower frequencies, in children.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Frontal-arousal-rhythm
Prolonged (up to 20s) rhythmical sharp or spiky activity over the frontal areas (maximum over the frontal midline) seen at arousal from sleep in children with minimal cerebral dysfunction.
suggestedTag
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Vertex-wave
Sharp potential, maximal at the vertex, negative relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep or in response to a sensory stimulus during sleep or wakefulness. May be single or repetitive. Amplitude varies but rarely exceeds 250 microV. Abbreviation: V wave. Synonym: vertex sharp wave.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
K-complex
A burst of somewhat variable appearance, consisting most commonly of a high voltage negative slow wave followed by a smaller positive slow wave frequently associated with a sleep spindle. Duration greater than 0.5 s. Amplitude is generally maximal in the frontal vertex. K complexes occur during nonREM sleep, apparently spontaneously, or in response to sudden sensory / auditory stimuli, and are not specific for any individual sensory modality.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
Saw-tooth-waves
Vertex negative 2-5 Hz waves occuring in series during REM sleep
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
POSTS
Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep. Sharp transient maximal over the occipital regions, positive relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep. May be single or repetitive. Amplitude varies but is generally bellow 50 microV.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
Hypnagogic-hypersynchrony
Bursts of bilateral, synchronous delta or theta activity of large amplitude, occasionally with superimposed faster components, occurring during falling asleep or during awakening, in children.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
Non-reactive-sleep
EEG activity consisting of normal sleep graphoelements, but which cannot be interrupted by external stimuli/ the patient cannot be waken.
Interictal-finding
EEG pattern / transient that is distinguished form the background activity, considered abnormal, but is not recorded during ictal period (seizure) or postictal period; the presence of an interictal finding does not necessarily imply that the patient has epilepsy.
requireChild
Epileptiform-interictal-activity
suggestedTag
Spike-morphology
Spike-and-slow-wave-morphology
Runs-of-rapid-spikes-morphology
Polyspikes-morphology
Polyspike-and-slow-wave-morphology
Sharp-wave-morphology
Sharp-and-slow-wave-morphology
Slow-sharp-wave-morphology
High-frequency-oscillation-morphology
Hypsarrhythmia-classic-morphology
Hypsarrhythmia-modified-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-propagation
Multifocal-finding
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Finding-incidence
Abnormal-interictal-rhythmic-activity
suggestedTag
Delta-activity-morphology
Theta-activity-morphology
Alpha-activity-morphology
Beta-activity-morphology
Gamma-activity-morphology
Polymorphic-delta-activity-morphology
Frontal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology
Occipital-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology
Temporal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Finding-incidence
Interictal-special-patterns
requireChild
Interictal-periodic-discharges
Periodic discharge not further specified (PDs).
suggestedTag
Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity
Periodic-discharge-sharpness
Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases
Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology
Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude
Periodic-discharge-polarity
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Periodic-discharge-duration
Periodic-discharge-onset
Periodic-discharge-dynamics
Generalized-periodic-discharges
GPDs.
Lateralized-periodic-discharges
LPDs.
Bilateral-independent-periodic-discharges
BIPDs.
Multifocal-periodic-discharges
MfPDs.
Extreme-delta-brush
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Critically-ill-patients-patterns
Rhythmic or periodic patterns in critically ill patients (RPPs) are scored according to the 2012 version of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology (Hirsch et al., 2013).
requireChild
Critically-ill-patients-periodic-discharges
Periodic discharges (PDs).
suggestedTag
Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity
Periodic-discharge-sharpness
Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases
Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology
Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude
Periodic-discharge-polarity
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-frequency
Periodic-discharge-duration
Periodic-discharge-onset
Periodic-discharge-dynamics
Rhythmic-delta-activity
RDA
suggestedTag
Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity
Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Finding-frequency
Periodic-discharge-duration
Periodic-discharge-onset
Periodic-discharge-dynamics
Spike-or-sharp-and-wave
SW
suggestedTag
Periodic-discharge-sharpness
Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases
Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology
Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude
Periodic-discharge-polarity
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Finding-frequency
Periodic-discharge-duration
Periodic-discharge-onset
Periodic-discharge-dynamics
Episode
Clinical episode or electrographic seizure.
requireChild
Epileptic-seizure
requireChild
Focal-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Aware-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-classification
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Impaired-awareness-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-classification
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Awareness-unknown-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-classification
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Focal-to-bilateral-tonic-clonic-focal-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Generalized-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-classification
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Unknown-onset-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-classification
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Unclassified-epileptic-seizure
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Seizure-dynamics
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Subtle-seizure
Seizure type frequent in neonates, sometimes referred to as motor automatisms; they may include random and roving eye movements, sucking, chewing motions, tongue protrusion, rowing or swimming or boxing movements of the arms, pedaling and bicycling movements of the lower limbs; apneic seizures are relatively common. Although some subtle seizures are associated with rhythmic ictal EEG discharges, and are clearly epileptic, ictal EEG often does not show typical epileptic activity.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Electrographic-seizure
Referred usually to non convulsive status. Ictal EEG: rhythmic discharge or spike and wave pattern with definite evolution in frequency, location, or morphology lasting at least 10 s; evolution in amplitude alone did not qualify.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Seizure-PNES
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Sleep-related-episode
requireChild
Sleep-related-arousal
Normal.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Benign-sleep-myoclonus
A distinctive disorder of sleep characterized by a) neonatal onset, b) rhythmic myoclonic jerks only during sleep and c) abrupt and consistent cessation with arousal, d) absence of concomitant electrographic changes suggestive of seizures, and e) good outcome.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Confusional-awakening
Episode of non epileptic nature included in NREM parasomnias, characterized by sudden arousal and complex behavior but without full alertness, usually lasting a few minutes and occurring almost in all children at least occasionally. Amnesia of the episode is the rule.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Sleep-periodic-limb-movement
PLMS. Periodic limb movement in sleep. Episodes are characterized by brief (0.5- to 5.0-second) lower-extremity movements during sleep, which typically occur at 20- to 40-second intervals, most commonly during the first 3 hours of sleep. The affected individual is usually not aware of the movements or of the transient partial arousals.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
REM-sleep-behavioral-disorder
REM sleep behavioral disorder. Episodes characterized by: a) presence of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) on polysomnography (PSG); b) presence of at least 1 of the following conditions - (1) Sleep-related behaviors, by history, that have been injurious, potentially injurious, or disruptive (example: dream enactment behavior); (2) abnormal REM sleep behavior documented during PSG monitoring; (3) absence of epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram (EEG) during REM sleep (unless RBD can be clearly distinguished from any concurrent REM sleep-related seizure disorder); (4) sleep disorder not better explained by another sleep disorder, a medical or neurologic disorder, a mental disorder, medication use, or a substance use disorder.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Sleep-walking
Episodes characterized by ambulation during sleep; the patient is difficult to arouse during an episode, and is usually amnesic following the episode. Episodes usually occur in the first third of the night during slow wave sleep. Polysomnographic recordings demonstrate 2 abnormalities during the first sleep cycle: frequent, brief, non-behavioral EEG-defined arousals prior to the somnambulistic episode and abnormally low gamma (0.75-2.0 Hz) EEG power on spectral analysis, correlating with high-voltage (hyper-synchronic gamma) waves lasting 10 to 15 s occurring just prior to the movement. This is followed by stage I NREM sleep, and there is no evidence of complete awakening.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Pediatric-episode
requireChild
Hyperekplexia
Disorder characterized by exaggerated startle response and hypertonicity that may occur during the first year of life and in severe cases during the neonatal period. Children usually present with marked irritability and recurrent startles in response to handling and sounds. Severely affected infants can have severe jerks and stiffening, sometimes with breath-holding spells.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Jactatio-capitis-nocturna
Relatively common in normal children at the time of going to bed, especially during the first year of life, the rhythmic head movements persist during sleep. Usually, these phenomena disappear before 3 years of age.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Pavor-nocturnus
A nocturnal episode characterized by age of onset of less than five years (mean age 18 months, with peak prevalence at five to seven years), appearance of signs of panic two hours after falling asleep with crying, screams, a fearful expression, inability to recognize other people including parents (for a duration of 5-15 minutes), amnesia upon awakening. Pavor nocturnus occurs in patients almost every night for months or years (but the frequency is highly variable and may be as low as once a month) and is likely to disappear spontaneously at the age of six to eight years.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Pediatric-stereotypical-behavior-episode
Repetitive motor behavior in children, typically rhythmic and persistent; usually not paroxysmal and rarely suggest epilepsy. They include headbanging, head-rolling, jactatio capitis nocturna, body rocking, buccal or lingual movements, hand flapping and related mannerisms, repetitive hand-waving (to self-induce photosensitive seizures).
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Paroxysmal-motor-event
Paroxysmal phenomena during neonatal or childhood periods characterized by recurrent motor or behavioral signs or symptoms that must be distinguishes from epileptic disorders.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Syncope
Episode with loss of consciousness and muscle tone that is abrupt in onset, of short duration and followed by rapid recovery; it occurs in response to transient impairment of cerebral perfusion. Typical prodromal symptoms often herald onset of syncope and postictal symptoms are minimal. Syncopal convulsions resulting from cerebral anoxia are common but are not a form of epilepsy, nor are there any accompanying EEG ictal discharges.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Cataplexy
A sudden decrement in muscle tone and loss of deep tendon reflexes, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, or postural collapse. Cataplexy usually is precipitated by an outburst of emotional expression-notably laughter, anger, or startle. It is one of the tetrad of symptoms of narcolepsy. During cataplexy, respiration and voluntary eye movements are not compromised. Consciousness is preserved.
suggestedTag
Episode-phase
Finding-significance-to-recording
Episode-consciousness
Episode-awareness
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
Episode-event-count
State-episode-start
Episode-postictal-phase
Episode-prodrome
Episode-tongue-biting
Other-episode
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Physiologic-pattern
EEG graphoelements or rhythms that are considered normal. They only should be scored if the physician considers that they have a specific clinical significance for the recording.
requireChild
Rhythmic-activity-pattern
Not further specified.
suggestedTag
Delta-activity-morphology
Theta-activity-morphology
Alpha-activity-morphology
Beta-activity-morphology
Gamma-activity-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Slow-alpha-variant-rhythm
Characteristic rhythms mostly at 4-5 Hz, recorded most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. Generally alternate, or are intermixed, with alpha rhythm to which they often are harmonically related. Amplitude varies but is frequently close to 50 micro V. Blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. Comment: slow alpha variant rhythms should be distinguished from posterior slow waves characteristic of children and adolescents and occasionally seen in young adults.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Fast-alpha-variant-rhythm
Characteristic rhythm at 14-20 Hz, detected most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. May alternate or be intermixed with alpha rhythm. Blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort.
suggestedTag
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Ciganek-rhythm
Midline theta rhythm (Ciganek rhythm) may be observed during wakefulness or drowsiness. The frequency is 4-7 Hz, and the location is midline (ie, vertex). The morphology is rhythmic, smooth, sinusoidal, arciform, spiky, or mu-like.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Lambda-wave
Diphasic sharp transient occurring over occipital regions of the head of waking subjects during visual exploration. The main component is positive relative to other areas. Time-locked to saccadic eye movement. Amplitude varies but is generally below 50 micro V.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Posterior-slow-waves-youth
Waves in the delta and theta range, of variable form, lasting 0.35 to 0.5 s or longer without any consistent periodicity, found in the range of 6-12 years (occasionally seen in young adults). Alpha waves are almost always intermingled or superimposed. Reactive similar to alpha activity.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Diffuse-slowing-hyperventilation
Diffuse slowing induced by hyperventilation. Bilateral, diffuse slowing during hyperventilation. Recorded in 70 percent of normal children (3-5 years) and less then 10 percent of adults. Usually appear in the posterior regions and spread forward in younger age group, whereas they tend to appear in the frontal regions and spread backward in the older age group.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Photic-driving
Physiologic response consisting of rhythmic activity elicited over the posterior regions of the head by repetitive photic stimulation at frequencies of about 5-30 Hz. Comments: term should be limited to activity time-locked to the stimulus and of frequency identical or harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. Photic driving should be distinguished from the visual evoked potentials elicited by isolated flashes of light or flashes repeated at very low frequency.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Photomyogenic-response
A response to intermittent photic stimulation characterized by the appearance in the record of brief, repetitive muscular artifacts (spikes) over the anterior regions of the head. These often increase gradually in amplitude as stimuli are continued and cease promptly when the stimulus is withdrawn. Comment: this response is frequently associated with flutter of the eyelids and vertical oscillations of the eyeballs and sometimes with discrete jerking mostly involving the musculature of the face and head. (Preferred to synonym: photo-myoclonic response).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Other-physiologic-pattern
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Uncertain-significant-pattern
EEG graphoelements or rhythms that resemble abnormal patterns but that are not necessarily associated with a pathology, and the physician does not consider them abnormal in the context of the scored recording (like normal variants and patterns).
requireChild
Sharp-transient-pattern
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Wicket-spikes
Spike-like monophasic negative single waves or trains of waves occurring over the temporal regions during drowsiness that have an arcuate or mu-like appearance. These are mainly seen in older individuals and represent a benign variant that is of little clinical significance.
Small-sharp-spikes
Benign epileptiform Transients of Sleep (BETS). Small sharp spikes (SSS) of very short duration and low amplitude, often followed by a small theta wave, occurring in the temporal regions during drowsiness and light sleep. They occur on one or both sides (often asynchronously). The main negative and positive components are of about equally spiky character. Rarely seen in children, they are seen most often in adults and the elderly. Two thirds of the patients have a history of epileptic seizures.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Fourteen-six-Hz-positive-burst
Burst of arch-shaped waves at 13-17 Hz and/or 5-7-Hz but most commonly at 14 and or 6 Hz seen generally over the posterior temporal and adjacent areas of one or both sides of the head during sleep. The sharp peaks of its component waves are positive with respect to other regions. Amplitude varies but is generally below 75 micro V. Comments: (1) best demonstrated by referential recording using contralateral earlobe or other remote, reference electrodes. (2) This pattern has no established clinical significance.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Six-Hz-spike-slow-wave
Spike and slow wave complexes at 4-7Hz, but mostly at 6 Hz occurring generally in brief bursts bilaterally and synchronously, symmetrically or asymmetrically, and either confined to or of larger amplitude over the posterior or anterior regions of the head. The spike has a strong positive component. Amplitude varies but is generally smaller than that of spike-and slow-wave complexes repeating at slower rates. Comment: this pattern should be distinguished from epileptiform discharges. Synonym: wave and spike phantom.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Rudimentary-spike-wave-complex
Synonym: Pseudo petit mal discharge. Paroxysmal discharge that consists of generalized or nearly generalized high voltage 3 to 4/sec waves with poorly developed spike in the positive trough between the slow waves, occurring in drowsiness only. It is found only in infancy and early childhood when marked hypnagogic rhythmical theta activity is paramount in the drowsy state.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Slow-fused-transient
A posterior slow-wave preceded by a sharp-contoured potential that blends together with the ensuing slow wave, in children.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Needle-like-occipital-spikes-blind
Spike discharges of a particularly fast and needle-like character develop over the occipital region in most congenitally blind children. Completely disappear during childhood or adolescence.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Subclinical-rhythmic-EEG-discharge-adults
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharge of adults (SERDA). A rhythmic pattern seen in the adult age group, mainly in the waking state or drowsiness. It consists of a mixture of frequencies, often predominant in the theta range. The onset may be fairly abrupt with widespread sharp rhythmical theta and occasionally with delta activity. As to the spatial distribution, a maximum of this discharge is usually found over the centroparietal region and especially over the vertex. It may resemble a seizure discharge but is not accompanied by any clinical signs or symptoms.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Rhythmic-temporal-theta-burst-drowsiness
Rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness (RTTD). Characteristic burst of 4-7 Hz waves frequently notched by faster waves, occurring over the temporal regions of the head during drowsiness. Synonym: psychomotor variant pattern. Comment: this is a pattern of drowsiness that is of no clinical significance.
Temporal-slowing-elderly
Focal theta and/or delta activity over the temporal regions, especially the left, in persons over the age of 60. Amplitudes are low/similar to the background activity. Comment: focal temporal theta was found in 20 percent of people between the ages of 40-59 years, and 40 percent of people between 60 and 79 years. One third of people older than 60 years had focal temporal delta activity.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Breach-rhythm
Rhythmical activity recorded over cranial bone defects. Usually it is in the 6 to 11/sec range, does not respond to movements.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Appearance-mode
Discharge-pattern
Other-uncertain-significant-pattern
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Artifact
When relevant for the clinical interpretation, artifacts can be scored by specifying the type and the location.
requireChild
Biological-artifact
requireChild
Eye-blink-artifact
Example for EEG: Fp1/Fp2 become electropositive with eye closure because the cornea is positively charged causing a negative deflection in Fp1/Fp2. If the eye blink is unilateral, consider prosthetic eye. If it is in F8 rather than Fp2 then the electrodes are plugged in wrong.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Eye-movement-horizontal-artifact
Example for EEG: There is an upward deflection in the Fp2-F8 derivation, when the eyes move to the right side. In this case F8 becomes more positive and therefore. When the eyes move to the left, F7 becomes more positive and there is an upward deflection in the Fp1-F7 derivation.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Eye-movement-vertical-artifact
Example for EEG: The EEG shows positive potentials (50-100 micro V) with bi-frontal distribution, maximum at Fp1 and Fp2, when the eyeball rotated upward. The downward rotation of the eyeball was associated with the negative deflection. The time course of the deflections was similar to the time course of the eyeball movement.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Slow-eye-movement-artifact
Slow, rolling eye-movements, seen during drowsiness.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Nystagmus-artifact
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Chewing-artifact
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Sucking-artifact
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Glossokinetic-artifact
The tongue functions as a dipole, with the tip negative with respect to the base. The artifact produced by the tongue has a broad potential field that drops from frontal to occipital areas, although it is less steep than that produced by eye movement artifacts. The amplitude of the potentials is greater inferiorly than in parasagittal regions; the frequency is variable but usually in the delta range. Chewing and sucking can produce similar artifacts.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Rocking-patting-artifact
Quasi-rhythmical artifacts in recordings from infants caused by rocking/patting.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Movement-artifact
Example for EEG: Large amplitude artifact, with irregular morphology (usually resembling a slow-wave or a wave with complex morphology) seen in one or several channels, due to movement. If the causing movement is repetitive, the artifact might resemble a rhythmic EEG activity.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Respiration-artifact
Respiration can produce 2 kinds of artifacts. One type is in the form of slow and rhythmic activity, synchronous with the body movements of respiration and mechanically affecting the impedance of (usually) one electrode. The other type can be slow or sharp waves that occur synchronously with inhalation or exhalation and involve those electrodes on which the patient is lying.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Pulse-artifact
Example for EEG: Occurs when an EEG electrode is placed over a pulsating vessel. The pulsation can cause slow waves that may simulate EEG activity. A direct relationship exists between ECG and the pulse waves (200-300 millisecond delay after ECG equals QRS complex).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
ECG-artifact
Example for EEG: Far-field potential generated in the heart. The voltage and apparent surface of the artifact vary from derivation to derivation and, consequently, from montage to montage. The artifact is observed best in referential montages using earlobe electrodes A1 and A2. ECG artifact is recognized easily by its rhythmicity/regularity and coincidence with the ECG tracing.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Sweat-artifact
Is a low amplitude undulating waveform that is usually greater than 2 seconds and may appear to be an unstable baseline.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
EMG-artifact
Myogenic potentials are the most common artifacts. Frontalis and temporalis muscles (ex..: clenching of jaw muscles) are common causes. Generally, the potentials generated in the muscles are of shorter duration than those generated in the brain. The frequency components are usually beyond 30-50 Hz, and the bursts are arrhythmic.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Multifocal-finding
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Non-biological-artifact
requireChild
Power-supply-artifact
50-60 Hz artifact. Monomorphic waveform due to 50 or 60 Hz A/C power supply.
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Induction-artifact
Artifacts (usually of high frequency) induced by nearby equipment (like in the intensive care unit).
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Dialysis-artifact
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Artificial-ventilation-artifact
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Electrode-pops-artifact
Are brief discharges with a very steep upslope and shallow fall that occur in all leads which include that electrode.
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Salt-bridge-artifact
Typically occurs in 1 channel which may appear isoelectric. Only seen in bipolar montage.
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
Other-artifact
requireChild
suggestedTag
Artifact-significance-to-recording
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Polygraphic-channel-finding
Changes observed in polygraphic channels can be scored: EOG, Respiration, ECG, EMG, other polygraphic channel (+ free text), and their significance logged (normal, abnormal, no definite abnormality).
requireChild
EOG-channel-finding
ElectroOculoGraphy.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Respiration-channel-finding
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
Respiration-oxygen-saturation
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
Respiration-feature
Apnoe-respiration
Add duration (range in seconds) and comments in free text.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hypopnea-respiration
Add duration (range in seconds) and comments in free text
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Apnea-hypopnea-index-respiration
Events/h. Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-respiration
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Tachypnea-respiration
Cycles/min. Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Other-respiration-feature
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-channel-finding
Electrocardiography.
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
ECG-QT-period
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-feature
ECG-sinus-rhythm
Normal rhythm. Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-arrhythmia
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-asystolia
Add duration (range in seconds) and comments in free text.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-bradycardia
Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-extrasystole
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-ventricular-premature-depolarization
Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
ECG-tachycardia
Frequency can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Rate-of-change/Frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Other-ECG-feature
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-channel-finding
electromyography
suggestedTag
Finding-significance-to-recording
EMG-muscle-side
EMG-left-muscle
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-right-muscle
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-bilateral-muscle
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-muscle-name
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-feature
EMG-myoclonus
Negative-myoclonus
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-myoclonus-rhythmic
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-myoclonus-arrhythmic
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-myoclonus-synchronous
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-myoclonus-asynchronous
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-PLMS
Periodic limb movements in sleep.
EMG-spasm
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-tonic-contraction
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-asymmetric-activation
requireChild
EMG-asymmetric-activation-left-first
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
EMG-asymmetric-activation-right-first
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Other-EMG-features
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Other-polygraphic-channel
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-property
Descriptive element similar to main HED /Property. Something that pertains to a thing. A characteristic of some entity. A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something. HED attributes are adjectives or adverbs.
requireChild
Signal-morphology-property
requireChild
Rhythmic-activity-morphology
EEG activity consisting of a sequence of waves approximately constant period.
Delta-activity-morphology
EEG rhythm in the delta (under 4 Hz) range that does not belong to the posterior dominant rhythm (scored under other organized rhythms).
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
Finding-amplitude
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Theta-activity-morphology
EEG rhythm in the theta (4-8 Hz) range that does not belong to the posterior dominant rhythm (scored under other organized rhythm).
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
Finding-amplitude
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Alpha-activity-morphology
EEG rhythm in the alpha range (8-13 Hz) which is considered part of the background (ongoing) activity but does not fulfill the criteria of the posterior dominant rhythm (alpha rhythm).
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
Finding-amplitude
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Beta-activity-morphology
EEG rhythm between 14 and 40 Hz, which is considered part of the background (ongoing) activity but does not fulfill the criteria of the posterior dominant rhythm. Most characteristically: a rhythm from 14 to 40 Hz recorded over the fronto-central regions of the head during wakefulness. Amplitude of the beta rhythm varies but is mostly below 30 microV. Other beta rhythms are most prominent in other locations or are diffuse.
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
Finding-amplitude
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Gamma-activity-morphology
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
Finding-amplitude
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Spike-morphology
A transient, clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale and duration from 20 to under 70 ms, i.e. 1/50-1/15 s approximately. Main component is generally negative relative to other areas. Amplitude varies.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Spike-and-slow-wave-morphology
A pattern consisting of a spike followed by a slow wave.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Runs-of-rapid-spikes-morphology
Bursts of spike discharges at a rate from 10 to 25/sec (in most cases somewhat irregular). The bursts last more than 2 seconds (usually 2 to 10 seconds) and it is typically seen in sleep. Synonyms: rhythmic spikes, generalized paroxysmal fast activity, fast paroxysmal rhythms, grand mal discharge, fast beta activity.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Polyspikes-morphology
Two or more consecutive spikes.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Polyspike-and-slow-wave-morphology
Two or more consecutive spikes associated with one or more slow waves.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sharp-wave-morphology
A transient clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale, and duration of 70-200 ms, i.e. over 1/4-1/5 s approximately. Main component is generally negative relative to other areas. Amplitude varies.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sharp-and-slow-wave-morphology
A sequence of a sharp wave and a slow wave.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Slow-sharp-wave-morphology
A transient that bears all the characteristics of a sharp-wave, but exceeds 200 ms. Synonym: blunted sharp wave.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
High-frequency-oscillation-morphology
HFO.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hypsarrhythmia-classic-morphology
Abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hypsarrhythmia-modified-morphology
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Fast-spike-activity-morphology
A burst consisting of a sequence of spikes. Duration greater than 1 s. Frequency at least in the alpha range.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Low-voltage-fast-activity-morphology
Refers to the fast, and often recruiting activity which can be recorded at the onset of an ictal discharge, particularly in invasive EEG recording of a seizure.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Polysharp-waves-morphology
A sequence of two or more sharp-waves.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Slow-wave-large-amplitude-morphology
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Irregular-delta-or-theta-activity-morphology
EEG activity consisting of repetitive waves of inconsistent wave-duration but in delta and/or theta rang (greater than 125 ms).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Electrodecremental-change-morphology
Sudden desynchronization of electrical activity.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
DC-shift-morphology
Shift of negative polarity of the direct current recordings, during seizures.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Disappearance-of-ongoing-activity-morphology
Disappearance of the EEG activity that preceded the ictal event but still remnants of background activity (thus not enough to name it electrodecremental change).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Polymorphic-delta-activity-morphology
EEG activity consisting of waves in the delta range (over 250 ms duration for each wave) but of different morphology.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Frontal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology
Frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA). Fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 1.5-2.5 Hz over the frontal areas of one or both sides of the head. Comment: most commonly associated with unspecified encephalopathy, in adults.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Occipital-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology
Occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity (OIRDA). Fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 2-3 Hz over the occipital or posterior head regions of one or both sides of the head. Frequently blocked or attenuated by opening the eyes. Comment: most commonly associated with unspecified encephalopathy, in children.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Temporal-intermittent-rhythmic-delta-activity-morphology
Temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (TIRDA). Fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at over the temporal areas of one side of the head. Comment: most commonly associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharges-morphology
Periodic discharges not further specified (PDs).
requireChild
Periodic-discharges-superimposed-activity
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Periodic-discharges-fast-superimposed-activity
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharges-rhythmic-superimposed-activity
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-sharpness
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Spiky-periodic-discharge-sharpness
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sharp-periodic-discharge-sharpness
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sharply-contoured-periodic-discharge-sharpness
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Blunt-periodic-discharge-sharpness
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Number-of-periodic-discharge-phases
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
1-periodic-discharge-phase
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
2-periodic-discharge-phases
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
3-periodic-discharge-phases
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Greater-than-3-periodic-discharge-phases
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-triphasic-morphology
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude-very-low
Lower than 20 microV.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Low-periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
20 to 49 microV.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Medium-periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
50 to 199 microV.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
High-periodic-discharge-absolute-amplitude
Greater than 200 microV.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude-less-than-equal-2
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-relative-amplitude-greater-than-2
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-polarity
requireChild
Periodic-discharge-postitive-polarity
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-negative-polarity
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-unclear-polarity
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Source-analysis-property
How the current in the brain reaches the electrode sensors.
requireChild
Source-analysis-laterality
requireChild
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Source-analysis-brain-region
requireChild
Source-analysis-frontal-perisylvian-superior-surface
Source-analysis-frontal-lateral
Source-analysis-frontal-mesial
Source-analysis-frontal-polar
Source-analysis-frontal-orbitofrontal
Source-analysis-temporal-polar
Source-analysis-temporal-basal
Source-analysis-temporal-lateral-anterior
Source-analysis-temporal-lateral-posterior
Source-analysis-temporal-perisylvian-inferior-surface
Source-analysis-central-lateral-convexity
Source-analysis-central-mesial
Source-analysis-central-sulcus-anterior-surface
Source-analysis-central-sulcus-posterior-surface
Source-analysis-central-opercular
Source-analysis-parietal-lateral-convexity
Source-analysis-parietal-mesial
Source-analysis-parietal-opercular
Source-analysis-occipital-lateral
Source-analysis-occipital-mesial
Source-analysis-occipital-basal
Source-analysis-insula
Location-property
Location can be scored for findings. Semiologic finding can also be characterized by the somatotopic modifier (i.e. the part of the body where it occurs). In this respect, laterality (left, right, symmetric, asymmetric, left greater than right, right greater than left), body part (eyelid, face, arm, leg, trunk, visceral, hemi-) and centricity (axial, proximal limb, distal limb) can be scored.
requireChild
Brain-laterality
requireChild
Brain-laterality-left
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-laterality-left-greater-right
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-laterality-right
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-laterality-right-greater-left
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-laterality-midline
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-laterality-diffuse-asynchronous
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-region
requireChild
Brain-region-frontal
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-region-temporal
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-region-central
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-region-parietal
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-region-occipital
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Body-part-location
requireChild
Eyelid-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Face-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Arm-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Leg-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Trunk-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Visceral-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hemi-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-centricity
requireChild
Brain-centricity-axial
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-centricity-proximal-limb
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brain-centricity-distal-limb
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Sensors
Lists all corresponding sensors (electrodes/channels in montage). The sensor-group is selected from a list defined in the site-settings for each EEG-lab.
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-propagation
When propagation within the graphoelement is observed, first the location of the onset region is scored. Then, the location of the propagation can be noted.
suggestedTag
Property-exists
Property-absence
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Multifocal-finding
When the same interictal graphoelement is observed bilaterally and at least in three independent locations, can score them using one entry, and choosing multifocal as a descriptor of the locations of the given interictal graphoelements, optionally emphasizing the involved, and the most active sites.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Modulators-property
For each described graphoelement, the influence of the modulators can be scored. Only modulators present in the recording are scored.
requireChild
Modulators-reactivity
Susceptibility of individual rhythms or the EEG as a whole to change following sensory stimulation or other physiologic actions.
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Eye-closure-sensitivity
Eye closure sensitivity.
suggestedTag
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Eye-opening-passive
Passive eye opening. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Finding-triggered-by
Medication-effect-EEG
Medications effect on EEG. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Medication-reduction-effect-EEG
Medications reduction or withdrawal effect on EEG. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Auditive-stimuli-effect
Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Nociceptive-stimuli-effect
Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Finding-triggered-by
Physical-effort-effect
Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Finding-triggered-by
Cognitive-task-effect
Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Finding-triggered-by
Other-modulators-effect-EEG
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor
Facilitating factors are defined as transient and sporadic endogenous or exogenous elements capable of augmenting seizure incidence (increasing the likelihood of seizure occurrence).
Facilitating-factor-alcohol
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor-awake
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor-catamenial
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor-fever
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor-sleep
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor-sleep-deprived
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Facilitating-factor-other
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Provocative-factor
Provocative factors are defined as transient and sporadic endogenous or exogenous elements capable of evoking/triggering seizures immediately following the exposure to it.
requireChild
Hyperventilation-provoked
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Reflex-provoked
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Medication-effect-clinical
Medications clinical effect. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Medication-reduction-effect-clinical
Medications reduction or withdrawal clinical effect. Used with base schema Increasing/Decreasing.
suggestedTag
Finding-stopped-by
Finding-unmodified
Other-modulators-effect-clinical
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Intermittent-photic-stimulation-effect
requireChild
Posterior-stimulus-dependent-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-stimulus-independent-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-limited
limited to the stimulus-train
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-stimulus-independent-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-self-sustained
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Generalized-photoparoxysmal-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-limited
Limited to the stimulus-train.
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Generalized-photoparoxysmal-intermittent-photic-stimulation-response-self-sustained
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Activation-of-pre-existing-epileptogenic-area-intermittent-photic-stimulation-effect
suggestedTag
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Unmodified-intermittent-photic-stimulation-effect
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Quality-of-hyperventilation
requireChild
Hyperventilation-refused-procedure
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hyperventilation-poor-effort
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hyperventilation-good-effort
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Hyperventilation-excellent-effort
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Modulators-effect
Tags for describing the influence of the modulators
requireChild
Modulators-effect-continuous-during-NRS
Continuous during non-rapid-eye-movement-sleep (NRS)
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Modulators-effect-only-during
#
Only during Sleep/Awakening/Hyperventilation/Physical effort/Cognitive task. Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Modulators-effect-change-of-patterns
Change of patterns during sleep/awakening.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Time-related-property
Important to estimate how often an interictal abnormality is seen in the recording.
requireChild
Appearance-mode
Describes how the non-ictal EEG pattern/graphoelement is distributed through the recording.
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Random-appearance-mode
Occurrence of the non-ictal EEG pattern / graphoelement without any rhythmicity / periodicity.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-appearance-mode
Non-ictal EEG pattern / graphoelement occurring at an approximately regular rate / interval (generally of 1 to several seconds).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Variable-appearance-mode
Occurrence of non-ictal EEG pattern / graphoelements, that is sometimes rhythmic or periodic, other times random, throughout the recording.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Intermittent-appearance-mode
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Continuous-appearance-mode
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Discharge-pattern
Describes the organization of the EEG signal within the discharge (distinguish between single and repetitive discharges)
requireChild
Single-discharge-pattern
Applies to the intra-burst pattern: a graphoelement that is not repetitive; before and after the graphoelement one can distinguish the background activity.
suggestedTag
Finding-incidence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Rhythmic-trains-or-bursts-discharge-pattern
Applies to the intra-burst pattern: a non-ictal graphoelement that repeats itself without returning to the background activity between them. The graphoelements within this repetition occur at approximately constant period.
suggestedTag
Finding-prevalence
Finding-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Arrhythmic-trains-or-bursts-discharge-pattern
Applies to the intra-burst pattern: a non-ictal graphoelement that repeats itself without returning to the background activity between them. The graphoelements within this repetition occur at inconstant period.
suggestedTag
Finding-prevalence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Fragmented-discharge-pattern
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-time-related-features
Periodic discharges not further specified (PDs) time-relayed features tags.
requireChild
Periodic-discharge-duration
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Very-brief-periodic-discharge-duration
Less than 10 sec.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Brief-periodic-discharge-duration
10 to 59 sec.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Intermediate-periodic-discharge-duration
1 to 4.9 min.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Long-periodic-discharge-duration
5 to 59 min.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Very-long-periodic-discharge-duration
Greater than 1 hour.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-onset
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Sudden-periodic-discharge-onset
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Gradual-periodic-discharge-onset
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Periodic-discharge-dynamics
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Evolving-periodic-discharge-dynamics
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Fluctuating-periodic-discharge-dynamics
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Static-periodic-discharge-dynamics
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-extent
Percentage of occurrence during the recording (background activity and interictal finding).
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
Finding-incidence
How often it occurs/time-epoch.
requireChild
Only-once-finding-incidence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Rare-finding-incidence
less than 1/h
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Uncommon-finding-incidence
1/5 min to 1/h.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Occasional-finding-incidence
1/min to 1/5min.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Frequent-finding-incidence
1/10 s to 1/min.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Abundant-finding-incidence
Greater than 1/10 s).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-prevalence
The percentage of the recording covered by the train/burst.
requireChild
Rare-finding-prevalence
Less than 1 percent.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Occasional-finding-prevalence
1 to 9 percent.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Frequent-finding-prevalence
10 to 49 percent.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Abundant-finding-prevalence
50 to 89 percent.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Continuous-finding-prevalence
Greater than 90 percent.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-property
Posterior dominant rhythm is the most often scored EEG feature in clinical practice. Therefore, there are specific terms that can be chosen for characterizing the PDR.
requireChild
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Low-posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range
Low (less than 20 microV).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Medium-posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range
Medium (between 20 and 70 microV).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
High-posterior-dominant-rhythm-amplitude-range
High (more than 70 microV).
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry
When symmetrical could be labeled with base schema Symmetrical tag.
requireChild
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry-lower-left
Hz lower on the left side.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-frequency-asymmetry-lower-right
Hz lower on the right side.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity
Change (disappearance or measurable decrease in amplitude) of a posterior dominant rhythm following eye-opening. Eye closure has the opposite effect.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity-reduced-left
Reduced left side reactivity.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity-reduced-right
Reduced right side reactivity.
#
free text
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-opening-reactivity-reduced-both
Reduced reactivity on both sides.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization
When normal could be labeled with base schema Normal tag.
requireChild
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization-poorly-organized
Poorly organized.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization-disorganized
Disorganized.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-organization-markedly-disorganized
Markedly disorganized.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat
Caveat to the annotation of PDR.
requireChild
No-posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-only-open-eyes-during-the-recording
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-sleep-deprived-caveat
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-drowsy
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Posterior-dominant-rhythm-caveat-only-following-hyperventilation
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm
Reason for absence of PDR.
requireChild
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-artifacts
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-extreme-low-voltage
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-eye-closure-could-not-be-achieved
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-lack-of-awake-period
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-lack-of-compliance
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Absence-of-posterior-dominant-rhythm-other-causes
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-property
requireChild
Seizure-classification
Epileptic seizures are named using the current ILAE seizure classification (Fisher et al., 2017, Beniczky et al., 2017).
requireChild
Motor-onset-seizure
Myoclonic-motor-onset-seizure
Negative-myoclonic-motor-onset-seizure
Clonic-motor-onset-seizure
Tonic-motor-onset-seizure
Atonic-motor-onset-seizure
Myoclonic-atonic-motor-onset-seizure
Myoclonic-tonic-clonic-motor-onset-seizure
Tonic-clonic-motor-onset-seizure
Automatism-motor-onset-seizure
Hyperkinetic-motor-onset-seizure
Epileptic-spasm-episode
Nonmotor-onset-seizure
Behavior-arrest-nonmotor-onset-seizure
Sensory-nonmotor-onset-seizure
Emotional-nonmotor-onset-seizure
Cognitive-nonmotor-onset-seizure
Autonomic-nonmotor-onset-seizure
Absence-seizure
Typical-absence-seizure
Atypical-absence-seizure
Myoclonic-absence-seizure
Eyelid-myoclonia-absence-seizure
Episode-phase
The electroclinical findings (i.e., the seizure semiology and the ictal EEG) are divided in three phases: onset, propagation, and postictal.
requireChild
suggestedTag
Seizure-semiology-manifestation
Postictal-semiology-manifestation
Ictal-EEG-patterns
Episode-phase-initial
Episode-phase-subsequent
Episode-phase-postictal
Seizure-semiology-manifestation
Semiology is described according to the ILAE Glossary of Descriptive Terminology for Ictal Semiology (Blume et al., 2001). Besides the name, the semiologic finding can also be characterized by the somatotopic modifier, laterality, body part and centricity. Uses Location-property tags.
requireChild
Semiology-motor-manifestation
Semiology-elementary-motor
Semiology-motor-tonic
A sustained increase in muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-dystonic
Sustained contractions of both agonist and antagonist muscles producing athetoid or twisting movements, which, when prolonged, may produce abnormal postures.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-epileptic-spasm
A sudden flexion, extension, or mixed extension flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles that is usually more sustained than a myoclonic movement but not so sustained as a tonic seizure (i.e., about 1 s). Limited forms may occur: grimacing, head nodding. Frequent occurrence in clusters.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-postural
Adoption of a posture that may be bilaterally symmetric or asymmetric (as in a fencing posture).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-versive
A sustained, forced conjugate ocular, cephalic, and/or truncal rotation or lateral deviation from the midline.
suggestedTag
Body-part-location
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-clonic
Myoclonus that is regularly repetitive, involves the same muscle groups, at a frequency of about 2 to 3 c/s, and is prolonged. Synonym: rhythmic myoclonus .
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-myoclonic
Characterized by myoclonus. MYOCLONUS : sudden, brief (lower than 100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-jacksonian-march
Term indicating spread of clonic movements through contiguous body parts unilaterally.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-negative-myoclonus
Characterized by negative myoclonus. NEGATIVE MYOCLONUS: interruption of tonic muscular activity for lower than 500 ms without evidence of preceding myoclonia.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic
A sequence consisting of a tonic followed by a clonic phase. Variants such as clonic-tonic-clonic may be seen. Asymmetry of limb posture during the tonic phase of a GTC: one arm is rigidly extended at the elbow (often with the fist clenched tightly and flexed at the wrist), whereas the opposite arm is flexed at the elbow.
requireChild
Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic-without-figure-of-four
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic-with-figure-of-four-extension-left-elbow
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-tonic-clonic-with-figure-of-four-extension-right-elbow
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-astatic
Loss of erect posture that results from an atonic, myoclonic, or tonic mechanism. Synonym: drop attack.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-atonic
Sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone without apparent preceding myoclonic or tonic event lasting greater or equal to 1 to 2 s, involving head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-eye-blinking
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-other-elementary-motor
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Semiology-motor-automatisms
Semiology-motor-automatisms-mimetic
Facial expression suggesting an emotional state, often fear.
suggestedTag
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-oroalimentary
Lip smacking, lip pursing, chewing, licking, tooth grinding, or swallowing.
suggestedTag
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-dacrystic
Bursts of crying.
suggestedTag
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-dyspraxic
Inability to perform learned movements spontaneously or on command or imitation despite intact relevant motor and sensory systems and adequate comprehension and cooperation.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-manual
1. Indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral. 2. Fumbling, tapping, manipulating movements.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-centricity
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-gestural
Semipurposive, asynchronous hand movements. Often unilateral.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-pedal
1. Indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral. 2. Fumbling, tapping, manipulating movements.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Brain-centricity
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-hypermotor
1. Involves predominantly proximal limb or axial muscles producing irregular sequential ballistic movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rocking movements. 2. Increase in rate of ongoing movements or inappropriately rapid performance of a movement.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-hypokinetic
A decrease in amplitude and/or rate or arrest of ongoing motor activity.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-automatisms-gelastic
Bursts of laughter or giggling, usually without an appropriate affective tone.
suggestedTag
Episode-responsiveness
Episode-appearance
Episode-event-count
Semiology-motor-other-automatisms
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Semiology-motor-behavioral-arrest
Interruption of ongoing motor activity or of ongoing behaviors with fixed gaze, without movement of the head or trunk (oro-alimentary and hand automatisms may continue).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-non-motor-manifestation
Semiology-sensory
Semiology-sensory-headache
Headache occurring in close temporal proximity to the seizure or as the sole seizure manifestation.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-visual
Flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-auditory
Buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-olfactory
suggestedTag
Body-part-location
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-gustatory
Taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-epigastric
Abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-somatosensory
Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, sense of movement or desire to move.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-painful
Peripheral (lateralized/bilateral), cephalic, abdominal.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-autonomic-sensation
A sensation consistent with involvement of the autonomic nervous system, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions. (Thus autonomic aura; cf. autonomic events 3.0).
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-sensory-other
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Semiology-experiential
Semiology-experiential-affective-emotional
Components include fear, depression, joy, and (rarely) anger.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-experiential-hallucinatory
Composite perceptions without corresponding external stimuli involving visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatory phenomena. Example: hearing and seeing people talking.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-experiential-illusory
An alteration of actual percepts involving the visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory systems.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-experiential-mnemonic
Components that reflect ictal dysmnesia such as feelings of familiarity (deja-vu) and unfamiliarity (jamais-vu).
Semiology-experiential-mnemonic-Deja-vu
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-experiential-mnemonic-Jamais-vu
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-experiential-other
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Semiology-dyscognitive
The term describes events in which (1) disturbance of cognition is the predominant or most apparent feature, and (2a) two or more of the following components are involved, or (2b) involvement of such components remains undetermined. Otherwise, use the more specific term (e.g., mnemonic experiential seizure or hallucinatory experiential seizure). Components of cognition: ++ perception: symbolic conception of sensory information ++ attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task ++ emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception ++ memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts ++ executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-language-related
Semiology-language-related-vocalization
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-language-related-verbalization
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-language-related-dysphasia
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-language-related-aphasia
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-language-related-other
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Semiology-autonomic
Semiology-autonomic-pupillary
Mydriasis, miosis (either bilateral or unilateral).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-hypersalivation
Increase in production of saliva leading to uncontrollable drooling
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-respiratory-apnoeic
subjective shortness of breath, hyperventilation, stridor, coughing, choking, apnea, oxygen desaturation, neurogenic pulmonary edema.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-cardiovascular
Modifications of heart rate (tachycardia, bradycardia), cardiac arrhythmias (such as sinus arrhythmia, sinus arrest, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial premature depolarizations, ventricular premature depolarizations, atrio-ventricular block, bundle branch block, atrioventricular nodal escape rhythm, asystole).
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-gastrointestinal
Nausea, eructation, vomiting, retching, abdominal sensations, abdominal pain, flatulence, spitting, diarrhea.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-urinary-incontinence
urinary urge (intense urinary urge at the beginning of seizures), urinary incontinence, ictal urination (rare symptom of partial seizures without loss of consciousness).
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-genital
Sexual auras (erotic thoughts and feelings, sexual arousal and orgasm). Genital auras (unpleasant, sometimes painful, frightening or emotionally neutral somatosensory sensations in the genitals that can be accompanied by ictal orgasm). Sexual automatisms (hypermotor movements consisting of writhing, thrusting, rhythmic movements of the pelvis, arms and legs, sometimes associated with picking and rhythmic manipulation of the groin or genitalia, exhibitionism and masturbation).
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-vasomotor
Flushing or pallor (may be accompanied by feelings of warmth, cold and pain).
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-sudomotor
Sweating and piloerection (may be accompanied by feelings of warmth, cold and pain).
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-thermoregulatory
Hyperthermia, fever.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Semiology-autonomic-other
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Semiology-manifestation-other
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Postictal-semiology-manifestation
requireChild
Postictal-semiology-unconscious
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-quick-recovery-of-consciousness
Quick recovery of awareness and responsiveness.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-aphasia-or-dysphasia
Impaired communication involving language without dysfunction of relevant primary motor or sensory pathways, manifested as impaired comprehension, anomia, parahasic errors or a combination of these.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-behavioral-change
Occurring immediately after a aseizure. Including psychosis, hypomanina, obsessive-compulsive behavior.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-hemianopia
Postictal visual loss in a a hemi field.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-impaired-cognition
Decreased Cognitive performance involving one or more of perception, attention, emotion, memory, execution, praxis, speech.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-dysphoria
Depression, irritability, euphoric mood, fear, anxiety.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-headache
Headache with features of tension-type or migraine headache that develops within 3 h following the seizure and resolves within 72 h after seizure.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-nose-wiping
Noes-wiping usually within 60 sec of seizure offset, usually with the hand ipsilateral to the seizure onset.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-anterograde-amnesia
Impaired ability to remember new material.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-retrograde-amnesia
Impaired ability to recall previously remember material.
suggestedTag
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-paresis
Todds palsy. Any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory and/or integrative functions.
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-event-count
Postictal-semiology-sleep
Invincible need to sleep after a seizure.
Postictal-semiology-unilateral-myoclonic-jerks
unilateral motor phenomena, other then specified, occurring in postictal phase.
Postictal-semiology-other-unilateral-motor-phenomena
requireChild
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Polygraphic-channel-relation-to-episode
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Polygraphic-channel-cause-to-episode
Polygraphic-channel-consequence-of-episode
Ictal-EEG-patterns
Ictal-EEG-patterns-obscured-by-artifacts
The interpretation of the EEG is not possible due to artifacts.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Ictal-EEG-activity
suggestedTag
Polyspikes-morphology
Fast-spike-activity-morphology
Low-voltage-fast-activity-morphology
Polysharp-waves-morphology
Spike-and-slow-wave-morphology
Polyspike-and-slow-wave-morphology
Sharp-and-slow-wave-morphology
Rhythmic-activity-morphology
Slow-wave-large-amplitude-morphology
Irregular-delta-or-theta-activity-morphology
Electrodecremental-change-morphology
DC-shift-morphology
Disappearance-of-ongoing-activity-morphology
Brain-laterality
Brain-region
Sensors
Source-analysis-laterality
Source-analysis-brain-region
Episode-event-count
Postictal-EEG-activity
suggestedTag
Brain-laterality
Body-part-location
Brain-centricity
Episode-time-context-property
Additional clinically relevant features related to episodes can be scored under timing and context. If needed, episode duration can be tagged with base schema /Property/Data-property/Data-value/Spatiotemporal-value/Temporal-value/Duration.
Episode-consciousness
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Episode-consciousness-not-tested
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-consciousness-affected
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-consciousness-mildly-affected
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-consciousness-not-affected
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-awareness
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Clinical-start-followed-EEG
Clinical start, followed by EEG start by X seconds.
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
unitClass
timeUnits
EEG-start-followed-clinical
EEG start, followed by clinical start by X seconds.
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
unitClass
timeUnits
Simultaneous-start-clinical-EEG
Clinical-EEG-temporal-relationship-notes
Clinical notes to annotate the clinical-EEG temporal relationship.
#
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-event-count
Number of stereotypical episodes during the recording.
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
State-episode-start
State at the start of the episode.
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Episode-start-from-sleep
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-start-from-awake
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-postictal-phase
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
unitClass
timeUnits
Episode-prodrome
Prodrome is a preictal phenomenon, and it is defined as a subjective or objective clinical alteration (e.g., ill-localized sensation or agitation) that heralds the onset of an epileptic seizure but does not form part of it (Blume et al., 2001). Therefore, prodrome should be distinguished from aura (which is an ictal phenomenon).
suggestedTag
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-tongue-biting
suggestedTag
Property-exists
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-responsiveness
requireChild
suggestedTag
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Episode-responsiveness-preserved
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-responsiveness-affected
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-appearance
requireChild
Episode-appearance-interactive
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Episode-appearance-spontaneous
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Seizure-dynamics
Spatiotemporal dynamics can be scored (evolution in morphology; evolution in frequency; evolution in location).
requireChild
Seizure-dynamics-evolution-morphology
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Seizure-dynamics-evolution-frequency
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Seizure-dynamics-evolution-location
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Seizure-dynamics-not-possible-to-determine
Not possible to determine.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Other-finding-property
requireChild
Artifact-significance-to-recording
It is important to score the significance of the described artifacts: recording is not interpretable, recording of reduced diagnostic value, does not interfere with the interpretation of the recording.
requireChild
Recording-not-interpretable-due-to-artifact
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Recording-of-reduced-diagnostic-value-due-to-artifact
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Artifact-does-not-interfere-recording
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-significance-to-recording
Significance of finding. When normal/abnormal could be labeled with base schema Normal/Abnormal tags.
requireChild
Finding-no-definite-abnormality
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-significance-not-possible-to-determine
Not possible to determine.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-frequency
Value in Hz (number) typed in.
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
unitClass
frequencyUnits
Finding-amplitude
Value in microvolts (number) typed in.
#
takesValue
valueClass
numericClass
unitClass
electricPotentialUnits
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry
For posterior dominant rhythm: a difference in amplitude between the homologous area on opposite sides of the head that consistently exceeds 50 percent. When symmetrical could be labeled with base schema Symmetrical tag. For sleep: Absence or consistently marked amplitude asymmetry (greater than 50 percent) of a normal sleep graphoelement.
requireChild
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry-lower-left
Amplitude lower on the left side.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry-lower-right
Amplitude lower on the right side.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-amplitude-asymmetry-not-possible-to-determine
Not possible to determine.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-stopped-by
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-triggered-by
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Finding-unmodified
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Property-not-possible-to-determine
Not possible to determine.
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Property-exists
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
Property-absence
#
Free text.
takesValue
valueClass
textClass
accelerationUnits
defaultUnits
m-per-s^2
m-per-s^2
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
angleUnits
defaultUnits
radian
radian
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
rad
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
degree
conversionFactor
0.0174533
areaUnits
defaultUnits
m^2
m^2
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
currencyUnits
Units indicating the worth of something.
defaultUnits
$
dollar
conversionFactor
1.0
$
unitPrefix
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
euro
point
electricPotentialUnits
defaultUnits
uv
v
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
0.000001
Volt
SIUnit
conversionFactor
0.000001
frequencyUnits
defaultUnits
Hz
hertz
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
Hz
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
intensityUnits
defaultUnits
dB
dB
Intensity expressed as ratio to a threshold. May be used for sound intensity.
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
candela
Units used to express light intensity.
SIUnit
cd
Units used to express light intensity.
SIUnit
unitSymbol
jerkUnits
defaultUnits
m-per-s^3
m-per-s^3
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
magneticFieldUnits
Units used to magnetic field intensity.
defaultUnits
fT
tesla
SIUnit
conversionFactor
10^-15
T
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
10^-15
memorySizeUnits
defaultUnits
B
byte
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
B
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
physicalLengthUnits
defaultUnits
m
foot
conversionFactor
0.3048
inch
conversionFactor
0.0254
metre
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
m
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
mile
conversionFactor
1609.34
speedUnits
defaultUnits
m-per-s
m-per-s
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
mph
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
0.44704
kph
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
0.277778
temperatureUnits
degree Celsius
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
oC
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
timeUnits
defaultUnits
s
second
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
s
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
day
conversionFactor
86400
minute
conversionFactor
60
hour
Should be in 24-hour format.
conversionFactor
3600
volumeUnits
defaultUnits
m^3
m^3
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
weightUnits
defaultUnits
g
g
SIUnit
unitSymbol
conversionFactor
1.0
gram
SIUnit
conversionFactor
1.0
pound
conversionFactor
453.592
lb
conversionFactor
453.592
deca
SI unit multiple representing 10^1.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10.0
da
SI unit multiple representing 10^1.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10.0
hecto
SI unit multiple representing 10^2.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
100.0
h
SI unit multiple representing 10^2.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
100.0
kilo
SI unit multiple representing 10^3.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
1000.0
k
SI unit multiple representing 10^3.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
1000.0
mega
SI unit multiple representing 10^6.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^6
M
SI unit multiple representing 10^6.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^6
giga
SI unit multiple representing 10^9.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^9
G
SI unit multiple representing 10^9.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^9
tera
SI unit multiple representing 10^12.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^12
T
SI unit multiple representing 10^12.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^12
peta
SI unit multiple representing 10^15.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^15
P
SI unit multiple representing 10^15.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^15
exa
SI unit multiple representing 10^18.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^18
E
SI unit multiple representing 10^18.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^18
zetta
SI unit multiple representing 10^21.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^21
Z
SI unit multiple representing 10^21.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^21
yotta
SI unit multiple representing 10^24.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^24
Y
SI unit multiple representing 10^24.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^24
deci
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-1.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
0.1
d
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-1.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
0.1
centi
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-2.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
0.01
c
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-2.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
0.01
milli
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-3.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
0.001
m
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-3.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
0.001
micro
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-6.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-6
u
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-6.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-6
nano
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-9.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-9
n
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-9.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-9
pico
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-12.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-12
p
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-12.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-12
femto
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-15.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-15
f
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-15.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-15
atto
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-18.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-18
a
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-18.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-18
zepto
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-21.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-21
z
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-21.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-21
yocto
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-24.
SIUnitModifier
conversionFactor
10^-24
y
SI unit submultiple representing 10^-24.
SIUnitSymbolModifier
conversionFactor
10^-24
dateTimeClass
Date-times should conform to ISO8601 date-time format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss. Any variation on the full form is allowed.
allowedCharacter
digits
T
-
:
nameClass
Value class designating values that have the characteristics of node names. The allowed characters are alphanumeric, hyphen, and underbar.
allowedCharacter
letters
digits
_
-
numericClass
Value must be a valid numerical value.
allowedCharacter
digits
E
e
+
-
.
posixPath
Posix path specification.
allowedCharacter
digits
letters
/
:
textClass
Value class designating values that have the characteristics of text such as in descriptions.
allowedCharacter
letters
digits
blank
+
-
:
;
.
/
(
)
?
*
%
$
@
allowedCharacter
A schema attribute of value classes specifying a special character that is allowed in expressing the value of a placeholder. Normally the allowed characters are listed individually. However, the word letters designates the upper and lower case alphabetic characters and the word digits designates the digits 0-9. The word blank designates the blank character.
valueClassProperty
conversionFactor
The multiplicative factor to multiply these units to convert to default units.
unitProperty
unitModifierProperty
defaultUnits
A schema attribute of unit classes specifying the default units to use if the placeholder has a unit class but the substituted value has no units.
unitClassProperty
extensionAllowed
A schema attribute indicating that users can add unlimited levels of child nodes under this tag. This tag is propagated to child nodes with the exception of the hashtag placeholders.
boolProperty
recommended
A schema attribute indicating that the event-level HED string should include this tag.
boolProperty
relatedTag
A schema attribute suggesting HED tags that are closely related to this tag. This attribute is used by tagging tools.
requireChild
A schema attribute indicating that one of the node elements descendants must be included when using this tag.
boolProperty
required
A schema attribute indicating that every event-level HED string should include this tag.
boolProperty
SIUnit
A schema attribute indicating that this unit element is an SI unit and can be modified by multiple and submultiple names. Note that some units such as byte are designated as SI units although they are not part of the standard.
boolProperty
unitProperty
SIUnitModifier
A schema attribute indicating that this SI unit modifier represents a multiple or submultiple of a base unit rather than a unit symbol.
boolProperty
unitModifierProperty
SIUnitSymbolModifier
A schema attribute indicating that this SI unit modifier represents a multiple or submultiple of a unit symbol rather than a base symbol.
boolProperty
unitModifierProperty
suggestedTag
A schema attribute that indicates another tag that is often associated with this tag. This attribute is used by tagging tools to provide tagging suggestions.
tagGroup
A schema attribute indicating the tag can only appear inside a tag group.
boolProperty
takesValue
A schema attribute indicating the tag is a hashtag placeholder that is expected to be replaced with a user-defined value.
boolProperty
topLevelTagGroup
A schema attribute indicating that this tag (or its descendants) can only appear in a top-level tag group. A tag group can have at most one tag with this attribute.
boolProperty
unique
A schema attribute indicating that only one of this tag or its descendants can be used in the event-level HED string.
boolProperty
unitClass
A schema attribute specifying which unit class this value tag belongs to.
unitPrefix
A schema attribute applied specifically to unit elements to designate that the unit indicator is a prefix (e.g., dollar sign in the currency units).
boolProperty
unitProperty
unitSymbol
A schema attribute indicating this tag is an abbreviation or symbol representing a type of unit. Unit symbols represent both the singular and the plural and thus cannot be pluralized.
boolProperty
unitProperty
valueClass
A schema attribute specifying which value class this value tag belongs to.
boolProperty
Indicates that the schema attribute represents something that is either true or false and does not have a value. Attributes without this value are assumed to have string values.
unitClassProperty
Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to unit classes.
unitModifierProperty
Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to unit modifier classes.
unitProperty
Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to units within a unit class.
valueClassProperty
Indicates that the schema attribute is meant to be applied to value classes.
The Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE) is a standard terminology for scalp EEG data assessment designed for use in clinical practice that may also be used for research purposes.
The SCORE standard defines terms for describing phenomena observed in scalp EEG data. It is also potentially applicable (with some suitable extensions) to EEG recorded in critical care and neonatal settings.
The SCORE standard received European consensus and has been endorsed by the European Chapter of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on European Affairs.
A second revised and extended version of SCORE achieved international consensus.
[1] Beniczky, Sandor, et al. "Standardized computer based organized reporting of EEG: SCORE." Epilepsia 54.6 (2013).
[2] Beniczky, Sandor, et al. "Standardized computer based organized reporting of EEG: SCORE second version." Clinical Neurophysiology 128.11 (2017).
TPA, January 2023