# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # 从数组和列表章复制的代码 class Array(object): def __init__(self, size=32, init=None): self._size = size self._items = [init] * size def __getitem__(self, index): return self._items[index] def __setitem__(self, index, value): self._items[index] = value def __len__(self): return self._size def clear(self, value=None): for i in range(len(self._items)): self._items[i] = value def __iter__(self): for item in self._items: yield item class Slot(object): """定义一个 hash 表 数组的槽 注意,一个槽有三种状态,看你能否想明白。相比链接法解决冲突,二次探查法删除一个 key 的操作稍微复杂。 1.从未使用 HashMap.UNUSED。此槽没有被使用和冲突过,查找时只要找到 UNUSED 就不用再继续探查了 2.使用过但是 remove 了,此时是 HashMap.EMPTY,该探查点后边的元素扔可能是有key 3.槽正在使用 Slot 节点 """ def __init__(self, key, value): self.key, self.value = key, value class HashTable(object): UNUSED = None # 没被使用过 EMPTY = Slot(None, None) # 使用却被删除过 def __init__(self): self._table = Array(8, init=HashTable.UNUSED) # 保持 2*i 次方 self.length = 0 @property def _load_factor(self): # load_factor 超过 0.8 重新分配 return self.length / float(len(self._table)) def __len__(self): return self.length def _hash(self, key): return abs(hash(key)) % len(self._table) def _find_key(self, key): index = self._hash(key) _len = len(self._table) while self._table[index] is not HashTable.UNUSED: if self._table[index] is HashTable.EMPTY: index = (index*5 + 1) % _len continue elif self._table[index].key == key: return index else: index = (index*5 + 1) % _len return None def _find_slot_for_insert(self, key): index = self._hash(key) _len = len(self._table) while not self._slot_can_insert(index): index = (index*5 + 1) % _len return index def _slot_can_insert(self, index): return (self._table[index] is HashTable.EMPTY or self._table[index] is HashTable.UNUSED) def __contains__(self, key): # in operator index = self._find_key(key) return index is not None def add(self, key, value): if key in self: index = self._find_key(key) self._table[index].value = value return False else: index = self._find_slot_for_insert(key) self._table[index] = Slot(key, value) self.length += 1 if self._load_factor >= 0.8: self._rehash() return True def _rehash(self): old_table = self._table newsize = len(self._table) * 2 self._table = Array(newsize, HashTable.UNUSED) self.length = 0 for slot in old_table: if slot is not HashTable.UNUSED and slot is not HashTable.EMPTY: index = self._find_slot_for_insert(slot.key) self._table[index] = slot self.length += 1 def get(self, key, default=None): index = self._find_key(key) if index is None: return default else: return self._table[index].value def remove(self, key): index = self._find_key(key) if index is None: raise KeyError() value = self._table[index].value self.length -= 1 self._table[index] = HashTable.EMPTY return value def __iter__(self): for slot in self._table: if slot not in (HashTable.EMPTY, HashTable.UNUSED): yield slot.key ######################################### # 上边是从 哈希表章 拷贝过来的代码,我们会直接继承 HashTable 实现 集合 set ######################################### class SetADT(HashTable): def add(self, key): # 集合其实就是一个 dict,只不过我们把它的 value 设置成 1 return super(SetADT, self).add(key, True) def __and__(self, other_set): """交集 A&B""" new_set = SetADT() for element_a in self: if element_a in other_set: new_set.add(element_a) return new_set def __sub__(self, other_set): """差集 A-B""" new_set = SetADT() for element_a in self: if element_a not in other_set: new_set.add(element_a) return new_set def __or__(self, other_set): """并集 A|B""" new_set = SetADT() for element_a in self: new_set.add(element_a) for element_b in other_set: new_set.add(element_b) return new_set def test_set_adt(): sa = SetADT() sa.add(1) sa.add(2) sa.add(3) assert 1 in sa # 测试 __contains__ 方法,实现了 add 和 __contains__,集合最基本的功能就实现啦 sb = SetADT() sb.add(3) sb.add(4) sb.add(5) assert sorted(list(sa & sb)) == [3] assert sorted(list(sa - sb)) == [1, 2] assert sorted(list(sa | sb)) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] if __name__ == '__main__': test_set_adt()