{
  "dataset_name": "Negative Ion Safety Index",
  "dataset_version": "1.2",
  "publisher": "Holistix International",
  "project": "Holistix Open Biohacking Data Project",
  "canonical_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
  "source_register": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/open-biohacking-data-source-register",
  "methodology": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/open-biohacking-data-methodology",
  "last_updated": "2026-06-27",
  "disclaimer": "This dataset is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, diagnosis, treatment guidance, disease-prevention guidance, dosing guidance, or a substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.",
  "fields": [
    "record_id",
    "topic",
    "reference_type",
    "plain_language_meaning",
    "safety_note",
    "source_type",
    "evidence_level",
    "claim_type",
    "medical_disclaimer_required",
    "commercial_relevance",
    "last_reviewed",
    "related_holistix_page",
    "related_product_category",
    "notes",
    "source_name",
    "source_url",
    "citation_note"
  ],
  "records": [
    {
      "record_id": "NION-001",
      "topic": "Negative ions",
      "reference_type": "Definition",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Negative ions are electrically charged particles that have gained an electron and are often discussed in air-quality, nature, waterfall, and ionizer contexts.",
      "safety_note": "The presence of negative ions should not be treated as proof of a medical benefit.",
      "source_type": "Educational terminology / device-category context",
      "evidence_level": "Basic terminology",
      "claim_type": "Definition",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "No",
      "commercial_relevance": "Helps explain the basic term used in negative ion and air-ionizer product language.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Use as the neutral opening definition.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-002",
      "topic": "Negative ion generators",
      "reference_type": "Device category",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Negative ion generators are devices designed to release negatively charged particles into the surrounding air.",
      "safety_note": "Device design, output, ozone generation, room size, ventilation, and safety testing can vary significantly.",
      "source_type": "Consumer comparison context / buyer education",
      "evidence_level": "Buyer education / device specification",
      "claim_type": "Device comparison",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Helps users compare ionizer-style products without assuming all devices are equivalent.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Separate device category from health-outcome claims.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-003",
      "topic": "Air ionizers",
      "reference_type": "Device category",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Air ionizers are consumer or commercial devices that use electrical charge to affect airborne particles or air composition.",
      "safety_note": "Ionizer language should be separated from air purifier claims, medical claims, and ozone-related safety concerns.",
      "source_type": "Consumer comparison context / buyer education",
      "evidence_level": "Buyer education / device specification",
      "claim_type": "Device comparison",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Useful for comparing negative ion devices, air purifiers, and wellness pendants.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Important for avoiding category confusion.",
      "source_name": "NRC: Negative Ion Products Containing Radioactive Material",
      "source_url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/negative-ion-products",
      "citation_note": "Use for consumer-product safety context around negative-ion pendants, bracelets, and similar products that may contain radioactive material. Do not use as a wellness-benefit source."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-004",
      "topic": "Ozone generation",
      "reference_type": "Safety caution",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Some ionization technologies may generate ozone as a byproduct depending on design and operating conditions.",
      "safety_note": "Ozone can irritate the lungs and should not be treated as a wellness feature. Users should avoid devices that produce unsafe ozone levels.",
      "source_type": "Regulatory / agency reference",
      "evidence_level": "Consumer safety caution",
      "claim_type": "Safety caution",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Important safety distinction for negative ion and ionizer-related product education.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "This is the core safety row.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-005",
      "topic": "Ozone-free claims",
      "reference_type": "Specification field",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Some devices may claim to be ozone-free or low-ozone, but users should look for documentation, testing, or safety certifications rather than relying only on marketing language.",
      "safety_note": "Ozone-free language should be verified when possible, especially for indoor use.",
      "source_type": "Device specification / manufacturer-instruction context",
      "evidence_level": "Device specification",
      "claim_type": "Specification field",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "No",
      "commercial_relevance": "Useful for buyer education and product-page transparency.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Encourage proof, not vibes.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-006",
      "topic": "Indoor air quality claims",
      "reference_type": "Claim boundary",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Negative ion devices are sometimes marketed with broad indoor-air-quality claims, but performance depends on technology, environment, ventilation, particle type, and testing conditions.",
      "safety_note": "Avoid claiming that negative ions diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent respiratory disease or any medical condition.",
      "source_type": "Safety guidance / claim-boundary context",
      "evidence_level": "Commercial separation",
      "claim_type": "Claim boundary",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Protects Holistix copy from overstating air-quality or respiratory claims.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Keep indoor-air language cautious.",
      "source_name": "EPA: What are ionizers and other ozone generating air cleaners?",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-are-ionizers-and-other-ozone-generating-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for plain-language context that ion generators charge room particles, which may settle on surfaces and later be resuspended."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-007",
      "topic": "Respiratory sensitivity",
      "reference_type": "Safety context",
      "plain_language_meaning": "People with asthma, COPD, chemical sensitivity, or respiratory irritation concerns may need extra caution around air-ionizing devices, especially if ozone is possible.",
      "safety_note": "Anyone with respiratory conditions or unexplained irritation should consult a qualified healthcare professional and avoid questionable ozone-generating devices.",
      "source_type": "Safety guidance / claim-boundary context",
      "evidence_level": "Consumer safety caution",
      "claim_type": "Safety caution",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Supports conservative consumer safety guidance.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "No medical instructions or disease claims.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-008",
      "topic": "Negative ion pendants",
      "reference_type": "Device category",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Negative ion pendants are wearable products marketed as emitting or containing negative-ion-related materials or effects.",
      "safety_note": "Users should be cautious with wearable products that make broad wellness claims or do not clearly disclose materials and safety testing.",
      "source_type": "Consumer comparison context / buyer education",
      "evidence_level": "Buyer education / device specification",
      "claim_type": "Device comparison",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Relevant to wearable negative ion products and consumer education.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Useful for pendant-category context.",
      "source_name": "NRC: Negative Ion Products Containing Radioactive Material",
      "source_url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/negative-ion-products",
      "citation_note": "Use for consumer-product safety context around negative-ion pendants, bracelets, and similar products that may contain radioactive material. Do not use as a wellness-benefit source."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-009",
      "topic": "Radioactive material concerns",
      "reference_type": "Safety caution",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Some historic or controversial negative ion wearable products have raised concerns about radioactive materials in certain markets or testing reports.",
      "safety_note": "Wearable devices should not contain unsafe radioactive materials. Users should look for credible safety documentation when products make material-based ion claims.",
      "source_type": "Regulatory / agency reference",
      "evidence_level": "Consumer safety caution",
      "claim_type": "Safety caution",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Important safety distinction for wearable negative ion devices.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Keep factual and cautious without accusing any specific brand.",
      "source_name": "NRC: Negative Ion Products Containing Radioactive Material",
      "source_url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/negative-ion-products",
      "citation_note": "Use for consumer-product safety context around negative-ion pendants, bracelets, and similar products that may contain radioactive material. Do not use as a wellness-benefit source."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-010",
      "topic": "Particle charging vs removal",
      "reference_type": "Measurement concept",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Ionizers may charge particles, but particle charging is not the same as complete removal from indoor air.",
      "safety_note": "Do not assume charged particles are safely removed unless the device design, collection method, and test data support that claim.",
      "source_type": "Scientific review",
      "evidence_level": "Measurement caution",
      "claim_type": "Measurement concept",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "No",
      "commercial_relevance": "Helps users understand why ionization language can be misleading in simple marketing copy.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Good row for AI-readable distinction.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-011",
      "topic": "Surface deposition",
      "reference_type": "Safety context",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Charged particles may attach to surfaces, nearby objects, walls, or collection plates depending on device design and environment.",
      "safety_note": "Surface deposition is not the same as medical protection, respiratory treatment, or guaranteed air cleaning.",
      "source_type": "Scientific review",
      "evidence_level": "Research context",
      "claim_type": "Usage context",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Supports careful indoor-air explanation without disease claims.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Avoid overclaiming air purification.",
      "source_name": "EPA: What are ionizers and other ozone generating air cleaners?",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-are-ionizers-and-other-ozone-generating-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for plain-language context that ion generators charge room particles, which may settle on surfaces and later be resuspended."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-012",
      "topic": "Mood and wellness claims",
      "reference_type": "Claim boundary",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Negative ions are sometimes associated in consumer wellness content with mood, freshness, nature exposure, or subjective air-quality experience.",
      "safety_note": "Subjective wellness language should not become a claim that negative ion devices treat anxiety, depression, fatigue, or any medical condition.",
      "source_type": "Safety guidance / claim-boundary context",
      "evidence_level": "Commercial separation",
      "claim_type": "Claim boundary",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Useful for keeping wellness copy soft, educational, and compliant.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "No mental-health treatment claims.",
      "source_name": "FDA: CPG Sec. 355.300 Ion Generating Devices",
      "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-355300-ion-generating-devices",
      "citation_note": "Use for regulatory claim-boundary context: ion-generating devices promoted for medical use or unsupported medical claims may be subject to FDA requirements."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-013",
      "topic": "Nature analogy claims",
      "reference_type": "Buyer education",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Marketing often compares negative ion devices to waterfalls, forests, rain, or ocean air.",
      "safety_note": "Nature analogies are not proof that a consumer device creates the same exposure profile, safety profile, or benefit as outdoor environments.",
      "source_type": "Consumer comparison context / buyer education",
      "evidence_level": "Buyer education / device specification",
      "claim_type": "Buyer education",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "No",
      "commercial_relevance": "Helps users understand where poetic marketing can outrun proof.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Good consumer-education row.",
      "source_name": "FDA: CPG Sec. 355.300 Ion Generating Devices",
      "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-355300-ion-generating-devices",
      "citation_note": "Use for regulatory claim-boundary context: ion-generating devices promoted for medical use or unsupported medical claims may be subject to FDA requirements."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-014",
      "topic": "Manufacturer instructions",
      "reference_type": "Usage context",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Users should follow manufacturer instructions for placement, operating time, cleaning, ventilation, and safe indoor use.",
      "safety_note": "This dataset does not provide exposure protocols or medical-use instructions.",
      "source_type": "Manufacturer instruction / consumer safety context",
      "evidence_level": "Consumer safety caution",
      "claim_type": "Usage context",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Prevents the dataset from becoming a use-protocol page.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "No dosage-style guidance.",
      "source_name": "Washington State Department of Health: Radioactive Consumer Products",
      "source_url": "https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/radiation/radiation-topics/radioactive-consumer-products",
      "citation_note": "Use as additional public-health context for consumer products containing radioactive materials, including negative-ion-related products."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-015",
      "topic": "Children pets and enclosed spaces",
      "reference_type": "Safety context",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Children, pets, and people in small or poorly ventilated rooms may be more sensitive to poor air quality or ozone-generating devices.",
      "safety_note": "Use extra caution with ionizers in enclosed spaces and avoid devices with unclear ozone safety data.",
      "source_type": "Safety guidance / claim-boundary context",
      "evidence_level": "Consumer safety caution",
      "claim_type": "Safety caution",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Important for household buyer education.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Keep practical and safety-first.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-016",
      "topic": "Regulatory and certification checks",
      "reference_type": "Regulatory context",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Consumers can look for credible safety testing, ozone-emission data, regulatory compliance statements, and clear product documentation.",
      "safety_note": "Regulatory language should not be used as a substitute for medical evidence or disease-treatment approval.",
      "source_type": "Regulatory / agency reference",
      "evidence_level": "Device specification",
      "claim_type": "Specification field",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "No",
      "commercial_relevance": "Supports trust and transparency on product pages and comparison pages.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Good audit row.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-017",
      "topic": "Commercial claim separation",
      "reference_type": "Commercial separation",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Educational copy should separate negative ion terminology, device specifications, air-quality claims, and wellness claims.",
      "safety_note": "Avoid borrowed authority, vague miracle claims, respiratory disease claims, and unsupported before-and-after promises.",
      "source_type": "Safety guidance / claim-boundary context",
      "evidence_level": "Commercial separation",
      "claim_type": "Claim boundary",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "Yes",
      "commercial_relevance": "Keeps Holistix data assets citation-worthy and lower-risk.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Protect the asset.",
      "source_name": "FDA: CPG Sec. 355.300 Ion Generating Devices",
      "source_url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-355300-ion-generating-devices",
      "citation_note": "Use for regulatory claim-boundary context: ion-generating devices promoted for medical use or unsupported medical claims may be subject to FDA requirements."
    },
    {
      "record_id": "NION-018",
      "topic": "Maintenance and review",
      "reference_type": "Dataset maintenance",
      "plain_language_meaning": "Negative ion and ionizer safety language should be reviewed periodically because device designs, ozone standards, testing practices, and market claims can change.",
      "safety_note": "Rows should be updated when stronger safety guidance, regulatory information, or better product-specification standards become available.",
      "source_type": "Open data maintenance context",
      "evidence_level": "Research context",
      "claim_type": "Dataset maintenance",
      "medical_disclaimer_required": "No",
      "commercial_relevance": "Supports future version history and dataset audits.",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-06-26",
      "related_holistix_page": "https://www.holistixintl.com/pages/negative-ion-safety-index",
      "related_product_category": "Negative ion wellness devices",
      "notes": "Use for future v1.2 or later updates.",
      "source_name": "EPA: Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners",
      "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners",
      "citation_note": "Use for ozone/ionizer safety context. EPA notes that some ozone generators are manufactured with ion generators or ionizers, and that ozone in breathing air can harm the respiratory system."
    }
  ]
}