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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 001_basics\n",
    "\n",
    "[Source](https://github.com/iArunava/Python-TheNoTheoryGuide/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The Zen of Python\n",
    "import this"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Comments\n",
    "# This is a python tutorial and a single line comment\n",
    "''' This is a multiline comment\n",
    "    pretty awesome!!\n",
    "    Let me introduce you to jennifer!'''"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Simple imports\n",
    "import math\n",
    "import random"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# importing specific functions from modules\n",
    "# imports just the factorial function from math\n",
    "from math import factorial\n",
    "\n",
    "# imports all the functions from math\n",
    "from math import *"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Giving aliases\n",
    "# The Module name is alaised\n",
    "import math as m\n",
    "\n",
    "# The function name is alaised\n",
    "from math import factorial as fact"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Calling imported functions\n",
    "# If you import the module you have to call the functions from the module\n",
    "import math\n",
    "print (math.factorial(12))\n",
    "\n",
    "# If you import the functions you can call the function as if it is in your program\n",
    "from random import randrange as rg\n",
    "print (rg(23, 1000))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Variables\n",
    "msg = \"Python!\"  # String\n",
    "v2 = 'Python!'   # Also String works same\n",
    "v1 = 2           # Numbers\n",
    "v3 = 3.564       # Floats / Doubles\n",
    "v4 = True        # Boolean (True / False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# print() \n",
    "# automatically adds a newline\n",
    "print (msg)\n",
    "print (v2)\n",
    "print (v1)\n",
    "print (v3)\n",
    "print (v4)\n",
    "print (\"Hello Python!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Note: Both \" and ' can be used to make strings. And this flexibility allows for the following:\n",
    "msg2 = 'Jennifer said, \"I love Python!\"'\n",
    "msg3 = \"After that Jennifer's Python Interpreter said it back to her!\"\n",
    "msg4 = 'Of Course she used the command `print(\"I love Jennifer\")`'\n",
    "\n",
    "print (msg2)\n",
    "print (msg3)\n",
    "print (msg4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# input()\n",
    "msg = input()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# input() with message\n",
    "msg = input (\"Provide some input: \")\n",
    "print (msg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Check for specific input without storing it\n",
    "if input(\"Enter something: \") == \"something\":\n",
    "    print (\"Something something\")\n",
    "else: print (\"Not Something\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Python takes every input as a string\n",
    "# So, if required you can convert to the required type\n",
    "msg = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n",
    "print (type(msg))\n",
    "\n",
    "msg = int(input (\"Enter a number again, if not a number this will throw an error: \"))\n",
    "print (type(msg))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Basic Arithmetic operations\n",
    "# Add\n",
    "print (3 + 2)\n",
    "print (3.4565 + 56.232)\n",
    "print ('------------')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Subtract\n",
    "print (3 - 4)\n",
    "print (34.56 - 3.78)\n",
    "print ('------------')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Multiply\n",
    "print (4 * 3)\n",
    "print (7.56 * 34)\n",
    "print ('------------')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Division\n",
    "print (5 / 2)\n",
    "print (5.0 / 2)\n",
    "print (5 / 2.0)\n",
    "print (25.0 / 5)\n",
    "print ('------------')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Exponents\n",
    "print (4 ** 4)\n",
    "print (5.67 ** 3)\n",
    "print ('------------')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Modulo\n",
    "print (10%3)\n",
    "print (10%11)"
   ]
  }
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