{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 004_strings\n",
    "\n",
    "[Source](https://github.com/iArunava/Python-TheNoTheoryGuide/)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Import the string module to get all the in-built helper methods for string\n",
    "import string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Case change of string variables\n",
    "name    = \"jennifEr loves Python\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Title case\n",
    "name_t  = name.title() \n",
    "print (name_t)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Upper case\n",
    "name_t  = name.upper() \n",
    "print (name_t)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Lower case\n",
    "name_t  = name.lower() \n",
    "print (name_t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# String Concatenation\n",
    "fname = \"jennifer\"\n",
    "lname = \"python\"\n",
    "flname = fname + \" \" + lname\n",
    "\n",
    "print (fname + \" \" + lname)\n",
    "print (\"Jennifer\" + \" \" + \"Python\")\n",
    "# OR equivalently\n",
    "print (flname.title())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Adding WhiteSpaces\n",
    "print (\"Jen\\nloves\\npython\")\n",
    "print (\"Jen\\tloves\\tpython\")\n",
    "print (\"Jen\\tloves\\npython\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Stripping Whitespace\n",
    "name1 = \"    Jennifer\"\n",
    "name2 = \"Jennifer    \"\n",
    "name3 = \"  Jennifer  \"\n",
    "\n",
    "print (name1)\n",
    "print (name2)\n",
    "print (name3)\n",
    "print (\"----------\")\n",
    "print (name1.lstrip()) # lstrip() takes all extra whitespaces from left\n",
    "print (name2.rstrip()) # rstrip() takes all extra whitespaces from right\n",
    "print (name3.strip())  # strip() takes all extra whitespaces from both left and right"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# str() -> casts other data types to string\n",
    "jensage = 21\n",
    "# print (\"Jennifer's age is \" + jensage) ## This is an error as one cannot concatenate string and integer\n",
    "print (\"Jennifer's age is \" + str(jensage)) # This works!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Lists, Dictionaries, Tuples and other objects can be casted to String\n",
    "l_langs = [\"Python\", \"R\", \"Julia\"] # List\n",
    "t_langs = (\"Python\", \"R\", \"Julia\") # Tuple\n",
    "d_langs = {1: \"Python\", 2: \"R\", 3: \"Julia\"} # Dictionary\n",
    "\n",
    "print (\"This is a list: \"       + str(l_langs))\n",
    "print (\"This is a tuple: \"      + str(t_langs))\n",
    "print (\"This is a dictionary: \" + str(d_langs))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Some helpful constants built-in the string module\n",
    "print (\"All Letters:   \" + string.ascii_letters)\n",
    "print (\"Lowecase:      \" + string.ascii_lowercase)\n",
    "print (\"Uppercase:     \" + string.ascii_uppercase)\n",
    "print (\"Punctuations:  \" + string.punctuation)\n",
    "print (\"Numbers:       \" + string.digits)\n",
    "print (\"Hex Digits:    \" + string.hexdigits)\n",
    "print (\"Oct Digits:    \" + string.octdigits)\n",
    "print (\"Whitespace:    \" + string.whitespace)\n",
    "print (\"Printable:     \" + string.printable)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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