{ "countries": { "world": { "data": { "name": "World", "introduction": { "background": "Globally, the 20th century was marked by: (a) two devastating world wars; (b) the Great Depression of the 1930s; (c) the end of vast colonial empires; (d) rapid advances in science and technology, from the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina (US) to the landing on the moon; (e) the Cold War between the Western alliance and the Warsaw Pact nations; (f) a sharp rise in living standards in North America, Europe, and Japan; (g) increased concerns about environmental degradation including deforestation, energy and water shortages, declining biological diversity, and air pollution; (h) the onset of the AIDS epidemic; and (i) the ultimate emergence of the US as the only world superpower. The planet's population continues to explode: from 1 billion in 1820 to 2 billion in 1930, 3 billion in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, 5 billion in 1987, 6 billion in 1999, and 7 billion in 2012. For the 21st century, the continued exponential growth in science and technology raises both hopes (e.g., advances in medicine and agriculture) and fears (e.g., development of even more lethal weapons of war)." }, "geography": { "overview": "The surface of the earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large bodies termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.\nThe land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).\nNorth America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.\nAsia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a \"land mass\" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.\nAlthough the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the world, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.\nBased on the seven-continent model, and grouping islands with adjacent continents, Africa has the most countries with 54. Europe contains 49 countries and Asia 48, but these two continents share five countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey. North America consists of 23 sovereign states, Oceania has 14, and South America 12.\ncountries by continent: Africa (54): Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe\nEurope (49): Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey*, Ukraine, United Kingdom (* indicates part of the country is also in Asia)\nAsia (48): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia*, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan*, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russia*, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey*, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen (* indicates part of the country is also in Europe)\nNorth America (23): Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States\nOceania (14): Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu\nSouth America (12): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela", "map_references": "Physical Map of the World", "area": { "total": { "value": 510072000, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 148940000, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 361132000, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "70.9% of the world's surface is water, 29.1% is land", "comparative": "land area about 16 times the size of the US" }, "land_boundaries": { "note": "46 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, South Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked" }, "coastline": { "value": 356000, "units": "km", "note": "95 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cabo Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Taiwan, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna" }, "maritime_claims": "a variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm", "climate": "a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates, bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates", "terrain": "tremendous variation of terrain on each of the continents; check the World 'Elevation' entry for a compilation of terrain extremes", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 840, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica)", "elevation": { "value": -2555, "units": "m" }, "note": "in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean" }, "highest_point": { "name": "Mount Everest", "elevation": { "value": 8850, "units": "m" } }, "top_ten_highest_mountains_measured_from_sea_level": "Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m", "note": "Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 3242917, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones)", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "volcanism is a fundamental driver and consequence of plate tectonics, the physical process reshaping the Earth's lithosphere; the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 Decade Volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy)", "type": "volcanism" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "large areas subject to overpopulation", "industrial disasters", "air pollution", "water pollution", "acid rain", "toxic substances", "loss of vegetation", "overgrazing", "deforestation", "desertification", "loss of wildlife", "soil degradation", "soil depletion", "erosion", "global warming becoming a greater concern" ] }, "note": "the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13.8-billion-year age estimated for the universe" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 7323187457, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Mandarin Chinese", "percent": 12.2 }, { "name": "Spanish", "percent": 5.8 }, { "name": "English", "percent": 4.6 }, { "name": "Arabic", "percent": 3.6 }, { "name": "Hindi", "percent": 3.6 }, { "name": "Portuguese", "percent": 2.8 }, { "name": "Bengali", "percent": 2.6 }, { "name": "Russian", "percent": 2.3 }, { "name": "Japanese", "percent": 1.7 }, { "name": "Punjabi" }, { "name": "Western", "percent": 1.2 }, { "name": "Javanese", "percent": 1.2 } ], "note_1": "percents are for \"first language\" speakers only; the six UN languages - Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish (Castilian) - are the mother tongue or second language of about half of the world's population, and are the official languages in more than half the states in the world; some 300 languages have more than a million first-language speakers", "note_2": "all told, there are an estimated 7,100 languages spoken in the world; approximately 80% of these languages are spoken by less than 100,000 people; about 130 languages are spoken by less than 10 people; communities that are isolated from each other in mountainous regions often develop multiple languages; Papua New Guinea, for example, boasts about 840 separate languages", "note_3": "approximately 2,300 languages are spoken in Asia, 2,140, in Africa, 1,310 in the Pacific, 1,060 in the Americas, and 290 in Europe (2016)", "date": "2016" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Christian", "percent": 31.4 }, { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 23.2 }, { "name": "Hindu", "percent": 15 }, { "name": "Buddhist", "percent": 7.1 }, { "name": "folk religions", "percent": 5.9 }, { "name": "Jewish", "percent": 0.2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.8 }, { "name": "unaffiliated", "percent": 16.4 } ], "date": "2010" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 25.44, "males": 963981944, "females": 898974458 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 16.16, "males": 611311930, "females": 572229547 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 41.12, "males": 1522999578, "females": 1488011505 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 8.6, "males": 307262939, "females": 322668546 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 8.68, "males": 283540918, "females": 352206092 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 52.3, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 39.7, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 12.6, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 7.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 30.1, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 29.4, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 30.9, "units": "years" }, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 1.06, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 18.5, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 7.8, "date": "2016" }, "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 54, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 2.05, "units": "%" }, "ten_largest_urban_agglomerations": { "by_population": [ { "city": "Tokyo ", "country": "Japan", "population": 38001000 }, { "city": "New Delhi ", "country": "India", "population": 25703000 }, { "city": "Shanghai ", "country": "China", "population": 23741000 }, { "city": "Sao Paulo ", "country": "Brazil", "population": 21066000 }, { "city": "Mumbai ", "country": "India", "population": 21043000 }, { "city": "Mexico City ", "country": "Mexico", "population": 20999000 }, { "city": "Beijing ", "country": "China", "population": 20384000 }, { "city": "Osaka ", "country": "Japan", "population": 20238000 }, { "city": "Cairo ", "country": "Egypt", "population": 18772000 }, { "city": "New York-Newark ", "country": "US", "population": 18593000 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.07, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.07, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.02, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.95, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.805, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.015, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 216, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 34.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 36.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 32.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 69, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 67, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 71.1, "units": "years" }, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 2.42, "date": "2016" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 96.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 84.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 91.1, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 3.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 15.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 8.9, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 82.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 50.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 67.7, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 17.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 49.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 32.3, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.8, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 36710700, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 1107600, "date": "2015" } }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 86.1, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 89.9, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 82.2, "units": "%" }, "note": "more than three-quarters of the world's 758 million illiterate adults are found in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa; of all the illiterate adults in the world, almost two-thirds are women (2014)", "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 12, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 12, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 12, "units": "years" }, "date": "2014" } }, "government": { "legal_system": "the legal systems of nearly all countries are generally modeled upon elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law); common law (including English and US law); customary law; mixed or pluralistic law; and religious law (including Islamic law); an additional type of legal system - international law - governs the conduct of independent nations in their relationships with one another", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "all members of the UN are parties to the statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or World Court", "61 countries have accepted jurisdiction of the ICJ as compulsory with reservations and 11 countries have accepted ICJ jurisdiction as compulsory without reservations", "states parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICCt) are those countries that have ratified or acceded to the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the Court", "a total of 123 (effective 2 January 2015) countries have accepted jurisdiction of the ICCt (see Appendix B for a clarification on the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt)" ], "flag_description": { "note": "the flags of 11 nations: Austria, Botswana, Jamaica, Japan, Laos, Latvia, Macedonia, Micronesia, Nigeria, Switzerland, and Thailand have no top or bottom and may be flown with either long edge on top without any notice being taken" } }, "economy": { "overview": "The international financial crisis of 2008-09 led to the first downturn in global output since 1946 and presented the world with a major new challenge: determining what mix of fiscal and monetary policies to follow to restore growth and jobs, while keeping inflation and debt under control. Financial stabilization and stimulus programs that started in 2009-11, combined with lower tax revenues in 2009-10, required most countries to run large budget deficits. Treasuries issued new public debt - totaling $9.1 trillion since 2008 - to pay for the additional expenditures. To keep interest rates low, most central banks monetized that debt, injecting large sums of money into their economies - between December 2008 and December 2013 the global money supply increased by more than 35%. Governments are now faced with the difficult task of spurring current growth and employment without saddling their economies with so much debt that they sacrifice long-term growth and financial stability. When economic activity picks up, central banks will confront the difficult task of containing inflation without raising interest rates so high they snuff out further growth.\n\nFiscal and monetary data for 2013 are currently available for 180 countries, which together account for 98.5% of world GDP. Of the 180 countries, 82 pursued unequivocally expansionary policies, boosting government spending while also expanding their money supply relatively rapidly - faster than the world average of 3.1%; 28 followed restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, reducing government spending and holding money growth to less than the 3.1% average; and the remaining 70 followed a mix of counterbalancing fiscal and monetary policies, either reducing government spending while accelerating money growth, or boosting spending while curtailing money growth.\n\n(For more information, see attached spreadsheet, Fiscal and Monetary Data, 2008-2012.)\n\nIn 2013, for many countries the drive for fiscal austerity that began in 2011 abated. While 5 out of 6 countries slowed spending in 2012, only 1 in 2 countries slowed spending in 2013. About 1 in 3 countries actually lowered the level of their expenditures. The global growth rate for government expenditures increased from 1.6% in 2012 to 5.1% in 2013, after falling from a 10.1% growth rate in 2011. On the other hand, nearly 2 out of 3 central banks tightened monetary policy in 2013, decelerating the rate of growth of their money supply, compared with only 1 out of 3 in 2012. Roughly 1 of 4 central banks actually withdrew money from circulation, an increase from 1 out of 7 in 2012. Growth of the global money supply, as measured by the narrowly defined M1, slowed from 8.7% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010 to 5.2% in 2011, 4.6% in 2012, and 3.1% in 2013. Several notable shifts occurred in 2013. By cutting government expenditures and expanding money supplies, the US and Canada moved against the trend in the rest of the world. France reversed course completely. Rather than reducing expenditures and money as it had in 2012, it expanded both. Germany reversed its fiscal policy, sharply expanding federal spending, while continuing to grow the money supply. South Korea shifted monetary policy into high gear, while maintaining a strongly expansionary fiscal policy. Japan, however, continued to pursue austere fiscal and monetary policies.\n\nAustere economic policies have significantly affected economic performance. The global budget deficit narrowed to roughly $2.7 trillion in 2012 and $2.1 trillion in 2013, or 3.8% and 2.5% of World GDP, respectively. But growth of the world economy slipped from 5.1% in 2010 and 3.7% in 2011, to just 3.1% in 2012, and 2.9% in 2013.\n\nCountries with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies achieved significantly higher rates of growth, higher growth of tax revenues, and greater success reducing the public debt burden than those countries that chose contractionary policies. In 2013, the 82 countries that followed a pro-growth approach achieved a median GDP growth rate of 4.7%, compared to 1.7% for the 28 countries with restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, a difference of 3 percentage points. Among the 82, China grew 7.7%, Philippines 6.8%, Malaysia 4.7%, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia 3.6%, Argentina 3.5%, South Korea 2.8%, and Russia 1.3%, while among the 28, Brazil grew 2.3%, Japan 2.0%, South Africa 2.0%, Netherlands -0.8%, Croatia -1.0%, Iran -1.5%, Portugal -1.8%, Greece -3.8%, and Cyprus -8.7%.\n\nFaster GDP growth and lower unemployment rates translated into increased tax revenues and a less cumbersome debt burden. Revenues for the 82 expansionary countries grew at a median rate of 10.7%, whereas tax revenues fell at a median rate of 6.8% for the 28 countries that chose austere economic policies. Budget balances improved for about three-quarters of the 28, but, for most, debt grew faster than GDP, and the median level of their public debt as a share of GDP increased 9.1 percentage points, to 59.2%. On the other hand, budget balances deteriorated for most of the 82 pro-growth countries, but GDP growth outpaced increases in debt, and the median level of public debt as a share of GDP increased just 1.9%, to 39.8%.\n\nThe world recession has suppressed inflation rates - world inflation declined 1.0 percentage point in 2012 to about 4.1% and 0.2 percentage point to 3.9% in 2013. In 2013 the median inflation rate for the 82 pro-growth countries was 1.3 percentage points higher than that for the countries that followed more austere fiscal and monetary policies. Overall, the latter countries also improved their current account balances by shedding imports; as a result, current account balances deteriorated for most of the countries that pursued pro-growth policies. Slow growth of world income continued to hold import demand in check and crude oil prices fell. Consequently, the dollar value of world trade grew just 1.3% in 2013.\n\nBeyond the current global slowdown, the world faces several long standing economic challenges. The addition of 80 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, waste-disposal, epidemics, water-shortages, famine, over-fishing of oceans, deforestation, desertification, and depletion of non-renewable resources. The nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, services, funds, and technology. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, has created economic risks because the participating nations have varying income levels and growth rates, and hence, require a different mix of monetary and fiscal policies. Governments, especially in Western Europe, face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries are unable to devote sufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a growing risk to global prosperity - the diversion of resources away from capital investments to counter-terrorism programs.\n\nDespite these vexing problems, the world economy also shows great promise. Technology has made possible further advances in a wide range of fields, from agriculture, to medicine, alternative energy, metallurgy, and transportation. Improved global communications have greatly reduced the costs of international trade, helping the world gain from the international division of labor, raise living standards, and reduce income disparities among nations. Much of the resilience of the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis resulted from government and central bank leaders around the globe working in concert to stem the financial onslaught, knowing well the lessons of past economic failures.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 119300000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 115800000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 112200000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 75270000000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 3.2, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 3.3, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ] }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 16300, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 16000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 15800, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 57.2, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 16.4, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 25.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0.8, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 28.1, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -27.7, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 6.3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 30.2, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 62.8, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 26.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 27.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 27.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ] }, "industries": { "note": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new technologies is complicating already grim environmental problems" }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 2.3, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 3530000000, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 31.7, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 23.6, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 44.7, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2013" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 7.3, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 7.2, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 30, "units": "%", "date": "2007" } ] }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 2.6, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 30.2, "units": "%" }, "date": "2008" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 37.9, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 37.9, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2005" } ] }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 19800000000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 22020000000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 26.3, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -3, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 59.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 58.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ] }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3.6, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 5.4, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 5.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 0, "units": "%" } ] }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 30970000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 27910000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ] }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 83640000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 80790000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ] }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 93950000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 88820000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ] }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 66790000000000.01, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 67470000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 67160000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ] }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15780000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 15860000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ] }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "electrical machinery", "computers", "mineral fuels", "oil", "coal", "gas", "refined products", "nuclear reactors", "boilers", "parts", "cars", "trucks", "buses", "scientific", "precision instruments", "plastics", "iron", "steel", "organic chemicals", "pharmaceutical products", "diamonds", "pearls", "precious stones" ], "date": "2007" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15130000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 16050000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ] }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "electrical machinery", "computers", "mineral fuels", "oil", "coal", "gas", "refined products", "nuclear reactors", "boilers", "parts", "cars", "trucks", "buses", "scientific", "precision instruments", "plastics", "iron", "steel", "organic chemicals", "pharmaceutical products", "diamonds", "pearls", "precious stones" ], "date": "2007" } }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 75890000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 74740000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "note": "this figure is the sum total of all countries' external debt, both public and private" }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 28060000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 26070000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ] }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 29560000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 27720000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ] } } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 1201000000, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 83, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 95, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 70, "units": "%" }, "date": "2013" }, "production": { "kWh": 23140000000000, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 21360000000000, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 624000000000, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "kWh": 679200000000, "date": "2014" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 6301000000, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 64.2, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 6.8, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 18.4, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 10.5, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 81800000, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 46600000, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 47380000, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 1665000000000, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 87690000, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 92790000, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 27740000, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 26140000, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 3544000000000, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 3560000000000, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 1157000000000, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 1472000000000, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 193900000000000, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 33130000000.000004, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "internet": { "users": { "top_ten_countries_by_internet_usage_in_millions": 59, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "heliports": { "total": 6524, "date": "2013" } }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 1148186, "units": "km" }, "date": "2013" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 64285009, "units": "km" }, "date": "2013" }, "waterways": { "value": 2293412, "units": "km", "note": "rivers are not necessarily navigable along the entire length; if measured by volume, the Amazon is the largest river in the world", "top_ten_longest_rivers": "Nile 6,693 km; Amazon 6,436 km; Mississippi-Missouri 6,238 km; Yenisey-Angara 5,981 km; Ob-Irtysh 5,569 km; Yangtze 5,525 km; Yellow 4,671 km; Amur 4,352 km; Lena 4,345 km; Congo 4,344 km", "top_ten_largest_natural_lakes": "Caspian Sea 372,960 sq km; Lake Superior 82,414 sq km; Lake Victoria 69,490 sq km; Lake Huron 59,596 sq km; Lake Michigan 57,441 sq km; Lake Tanganyika 32,890 sq km; Great Bear Lake 31,800 sq km; Lake Baikal 31,494 sq km; Lake Nyasa 30,044 sq km; Great Slave Lake 28,400 sq km", "note_1": "the areas of the lakes are subject to seasonal variation; only the Caspian Sea is saline, the rest are fresh water", "note_2": "Lakes Huron and Michigan are technically a single lake because the flow of water between the Straits of Mackinac that connects the two lakes keeps their water levels at near-equilibrium; combined, Lake Huron-Michigan is the largest freshwater lake by surface area in the world", "date": "2017" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "top_twenty_container_ports_as_measured_by_twenty_foot_equivalent_units_throughput": "Shanghai (China) - 36,516,000; Singapore (Singapore) - 30,922,000; Shenzhen (China) - 24,142,000; Ningbo (China) - 20,636,000; Hong Kong (China) - 20,073,000; Busan (South Korea) - 19,469,000; Qingdao (China) - 17,323,000; Guangzhou (China) - 17,097,000; Dubai (UAE) - 15,585,000; - Tianjin (China) - 13,881,000; Rotterdam (Netherlands) - 12,235,000; Port Kelang (Malaysia) - 11,887,000; Kaohsiung (Taiwan) - 10,264,000; Antwerp (Belgium) - 9,654,000; Dalian (China) - 9,591,000; Xiamen (China) - 9,215,000; Hamburg (Germany) - 8,821,000; Tanjung Pelepas (Malaysia) - 8,797,000; Los Angeles (US) - 8,160,000; Long Beach (US) - 7,192,000", "date": "2015" }, "note": "the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) reports that 2014 saw a continued decrease in global pirate activities declining 7% over 2013; in 2014, pirates attacked a total of 245 ships world-wide including hijacking 21 ships, capturing 442 seafarers, and killing 4; the Horn of Africa continued to see a drop in pirate activities with only 11 incidents in 2014 compared with 15 in 2013 and 236 in 2011; the decrease in successful pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa is due, in part, to more aggressive anti-piracy operations by international naval forces, the hardening of vessels, and the increased use of armed security teams aboard merchant ships; despite these preventative measures, the assessed risk remains high; attacks in the Straits of Malacca and South China Sea accounted for 55% of ships attacked in 2014; West African piracy is a growing threat accounting for 16% of all attacks in 2014; Nigerian pirates are very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore and linked with at least four hijackings that occurred in this area; attacks in South Asian waters remain at low levels although incidents have increased each year since 2010 reaching 34 in 2014; as of October 2015, there were 190 attacks worldwide with 15 hijackings in the Straits of Malacca/South China Sea region and West African waters" }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.42, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 2.51, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2011" }, { "value": 2.42, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2010" } ] } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "stretching over 250,000 km, the world's 325 international land boundaries separate 195 independent states and 71 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities", "ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries", "most maritime states have claimed limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones", "overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments", "boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized", "undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation", "territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition", "ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement of the estimated 20.8 million people and cross-border displacements of approximately 12.1 million refugees and asylum seekers around the world as of mid-2013", "over half a million refugees were repatriated during 2012", "other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land", "armed conflict prevails not so much between the uniformed armed forces of independent states as between stateless armed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of local populations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmental degradation" ], "trafficking_in_persons": { "current_situation": "the International Labour Organization conservatively estimated that 20.9 million people in 2012 were victims of forced labor, representing the full range of human trafficking (also referred to as “modern-day slavery”) for labor and sexual exploitation; about one-third of reported cases involved crossing international borders, which is often associated with sexual exploitation; trafficking in persons is most prevalent in southeastern Europe, Eurasia, and Africa and least frequent in EU member states, Canada, the US, and other developed countries (2012)", "tier_2_watch_list": "countries that do not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making significant efforts to do so; (44 countries) Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Cambodia, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritius, Namibia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan", "tier_3": "countries that neither satisfy the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking nor demonstrate a significant effort to do so; (23 countries) Algeria, Belarus, Belize, Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Russia, South Sudan, Syria, Thailand, Venezuela, Yemen, Zimbabwe (2015)" }, "illicit_drugs": { "cocaine": "worldwide coca leaf cultivation in 2013 likely amounted to 165,000 hectares, assuming a stable crop in Bolivia; Colombia produced slightly less than half of the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure cocaine production increased 7% to 640 metric tons in 2013; Colombia conducts an aggressive coca eradication campaign, Peru has increased its eradication efforts, but remains hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing areas", "opiates": "worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation increased in 2013, with potential opium production reaching 6,800 metric tons; Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting for 82% of the global supply; Southeast Asia was responsible for 12% of global opium; Pakistan produced 3% of global opium; Latin America produced 4% of global opium, and most was refined into heroin destined for the US market (2015)" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-30", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170630161313/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170630000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html" } }, "afghanistan": { "data": { "name": "Afghanistan", "introduction": { "background": "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN.\nA UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. KARZAI was reelected in August 2009 for a second term. The 2014 presidential election was the country's first to include a runoff, which featured the top two vote-getters from the first round, Abdullah ABDULLAH and Ashraf GHANI. Throughout the summer of 2014, their campaigns disputed the results and traded accusations of fraud, leading to a US-led diplomatic intervention that included a full vote audit as well as political negotiations between the two camps. In September 2014, GHANI and ABDULLAH agreed to form the Government of National Unity, with GHANI inaugurated as president and ABDULLAH elevated to the newly-created position of chief executive officer. The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan.\nDespite gains toward building a stable central government, the Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan, and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force despite its last two spiritual leaders being killed; it continues to declare that it will pursue a peace deal with Kabul only after foreign military forces depart." }, "geography": { "location": "Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 33, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 65, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Asia", "area": { "total": { "value": 652230, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 652230, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 41, "comparative": "almost six times the size of Virginia; slightly smaller than Texas" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 5987, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "China", "border_length": { "value": 91, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Iran", "border_length": { "value": 921, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Pakistan", "border_length": { "value": 2670, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Tajikistan", "border_length": { "value": 1357, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Turkmenistan", "border_length": { "value": 804, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Uzbekistan", "border_length": { "value": 144, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 0, "units": "km", "note": "landlocked" }, "climate": "arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers", "terrain": "mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 1884, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Amu Darya", "elevation": { "value": 258, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Noshak", "elevation": { "value": 7485, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "natural gas", "petroleum", "coal", "copper", "chromite", "talc", "barites", "sulfur", "lead", "zinc", "iron ore", "salt", "precious", "semiprecious stones", "arable land" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 58.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 11.9, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.2, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 46, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 2.1, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 39.8, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 32080, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east is more densely settled while the south is sparsely populated", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "flooding", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "droughts", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "limited natural freshwater resources", "inadequate supplies of potable water", "soil degradation", "overgrazing", "deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials)", "desertification", "air and water pollution" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Environmental Modification", "Marine Dumping", "Ozone Layer Protection" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [ "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Marine Life Conservation" ] } }, "note": "landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 33332025, "global_rank": 41, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Afghan(s)", "adjective": "Afghan" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Pashtun" }, { "name": "Tajik" }, { "name": "Hazara" }, { "name": "Uzbek" }, { "name": "other", "note": "includes smaller numbers of Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, Pashai, and Kyrghyz" } ], "note": "current statistical data on the sensitive subject of ethnicity in Afghanistan are not available, and ethnicity data from small samples of respondents to opinion polls are not a reliable alternative; Afghanistan's 2004 constitution recognizes 14 ethnic groups: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Baloch, Turkmen, Nuristani, Pamiri, Arab, Gujar, Brahui, Qizilbash, Aimaq, and Pashai", "date": "2015" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Afghan Persian or Dari", "percent": 50, "note": "official" }, { "name": "Pashto", "percent": 35, "note": "official" }, { "name": "Turkic languages", "percent": 11, "note": "primarily Uzbek and Turkmen" }, { "name": "minor languages", "percent": 4, "note": "primarily Balochi and Pashai" }, { "name": "much bilingualism" }, { "name": "but Dari functions as the lingua franca" } ], "note": "the Turkic languages Uzbek and Turkmen, as well as Balochi, Pashai, Nuristani, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 99.7, "breakdown": [ { "name": "Sunni", "percent": 84.7 }, { "name": "Shia", "percent": 10 } ] }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.3 } ], "date": "2009" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 41.03, "males": 6947939, "females": 6728983 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 22.49, "males": 3816369, "females": 3678657 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 30.01, "males": 5095905, "females": 4907019 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 3.9, "males": 640813, "females": 660121 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 2.57, "males": 396124, "females": 460095 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 87, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 82.3, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 4.6, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 21.7, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 18.6, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 18.5, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 18.6, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 208, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 2.34, "global_rank": 33, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 38.3, "global_rank": 11, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 13.7, "global_rank": 8, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -1.2, "global_rank": 147, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east is more densely settled while the south is sparsely populated", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 26.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 3.96, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Kabul", "population": 4635000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.97, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.86, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 19.9, "date": "2015" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 396, "global_rank": 22, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 112.8, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 120.3, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 105, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 1, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 51.3, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 49.9, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 52.7, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 222, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 5.22, "global_rank": 10, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 21.2, "units": "%", "date": "2010" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 8.2, "global_rank": 46, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 0.3, "date": "2014" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 0.5, "date": "2012" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 78.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 47, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 55.3, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 21.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 53, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 44.7, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 45.1, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 27, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 31.9, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 54.9, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 73, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 68.1, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.04, "global_rank": 122, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 6900, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 300, "global_rank": 97, "date": "2015" } }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", "food_or_waterborne_diseases": [ "bacterial diarrhea", "hepatitis A", "typhoid fever" ], "vectorborne_diseases": [ "malaria" ], "date": "2016" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 2.4, "global_rank": 182, "date": "2014" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 3.4, "date": "2015" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 38.2, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 52, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 24.2, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 11, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 8, "units": "years" }, "date": "2014" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 2082722, "percentage": { "value": 25.3, "units": "%" }, "note": "data on child labor in Afghanistan is uncertain and may be higher than the estimated 25.3% of children ages 5-14 derived from 2010-11 survey results; UNICEF estimated that 30% of children ages 5-14 in 2011 were engaged in child labor", "date": "2010" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "conventional_short_form": "Afghanistan", "local_long_form": "Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan", "local_short_form": "Afghanistan", "former": "Republic of Afghanistan", "etymology": "the name \"Afghan\" originally referred to the Pashtun people (today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups), while the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country\"; so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\"" }, "government_type": "presidential Islamic republic", "capital": { "name": "Kabul", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 34, "minutes": 31, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 69, "minutes": 11, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 4.5, "note": "9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1919-08-19", "note": "from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Independence Day", "day": "19 August", "original_year": "1919" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January 2004, signed 16 January 2004, ratified 26 January 2004", "amendments": "proposed by a commission formed by presidential decree followed by the convention of a Grand Council (Loya Jirga) decreed by the president; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Loya Jirga membership and endorsement by the president (2017)" }, "legal_system": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must have been born in - and continuously lived in - Afghanistan", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "5 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai (since 29 September 2014); CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH (since 29 September 2014); First Vice President Abdul Rashid DOSTAM (since 29 September 2014); Second Vice President Sarwar DANESH (since 29 September 2014); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", "head_of_government": "President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai (since 29 September 2014 ); CEO Abdullah ABDULLAH (since 29 September 2014); First Vice President Abdul Rashid DOSTAM (since 29 September 2014 ); Second Vice President Sarwar DANESH (since 29 September 2014)", "cabinet": "Cabinet consists of 26 ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly", "elections_appointments": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held in 2 rounds on 5 April and 14 June 2014 (next to be held in 2019)", "election_results": "percent of vote in first round - Abdullah ABDULLAH (National Coalition of Afghanistan) 45%, Ashraf GHANI (independent) 31.6%, Zalmai RASSOUL 11.4%, other 12%; percent of vote in second round - Ashraf GHANI 56.4%, Abdullah ABDULLAH 43.6%" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by district councils to serve 3-year terms, 34 indirectly elected by provincial councils to serve 4-year terms, and 34 nominated by the president of which 17 must be women, 2 must represent the disabled, and 2 must be Kuchi nomads; members serve 5-year terms) and the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (249 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)", "note": "the constitution allows the government to convene a constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it consists of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils; no constitutional Loya Jirga has ever been held, and district councils have never been elected; the president appointed 34 members of the Meshrano Jirga that the district councils should have indirectly elected", "elections": "the Wolesi Jirga’s five-year term expired in 2015, but the president extended its term by decree until elections can be held", "election_results": "results by party - NA; seats by party - NA" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Stera Mahkama (consists of the supreme court chief and 8 justices organized into criminal, public security, civil, and commercial divisions or dewans)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court chief and justices appointed by the president with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga; court chief and justices serve single 10-year terms", "subordinate_courts": "Appeals Courts; Primary Courts; Special Courts for issues including narcotics, security, property, family, and juveniles" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "note": "the Ministry of Justice licensed 67 political parties as of September 2015" }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "religious groups" }, { "name": "tribal leaders" }, { "name": "ethnically based groups" }, { "name": "Taliban" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ADB" }, { "organization": "CICA" }, { "organization": "CP" }, { "organization": "ECO" }, { "organization": "EITI ", "note": "candidate country" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IDB" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO ", "note": "correspondent" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM" }, { "organization": "OIC" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE ", "note": "partner" }, { "organization": "SAARC" }, { "organization": "SACEP" }, { "organization": "SCO ", "note": "dialogue member" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNAMA" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNHCR" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hamdullah MOHIB (since 17 September 2015)", "chancery": "2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-6410", "fax": "[1] (202) 483-6488", "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York, Washington, DC" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Special Charge d'Affaires Hugo Llorens (since December 2016)", "embassy": "Bibi Mahru, Kabul", "mailing_address": "U.S. Embassy Kabul, APO, AE 09806", "telephone": "[00 93] 0700 108 001", "fax": "[00 93] 0700 108 564" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning \"God is great\"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam", "note": "Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century - 19 by one count - than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "lion" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "green" }, { "color": "black" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Milli Surood\" (National Anthem)", "lyrics_music": "Abdul Bari JAHANI/Babrak WASA", "note": "adopted 2006; the 2004 constitution of the post-Taliban government mandated that a new national anthem should be written containing the phrase \"Allahu Akbar\" (God is Greatest) and mentioning the names of Afghanistan's ethnic groups", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AF.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Afghanistan is gradually recovering from decades of conflict. Before 2014, the economy had sustained nearly a decade of strong growth, largely because of international assistance. Since 2014, however, the economy has slowed, in large part because of the withdrawal of nearly 100,000 foreign troops that had artificially inflated the country’s economic growth. Despite improvements in life expectancy, incomes, and literacy since 2001, Afghanistan is extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs. Corruption, insecurity, weak governance, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the country pose challenges to future economic growth. Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world.\n\nThe international community remains committed to Afghanistan's development, pledging over $83 billion at ten donors' conferences between 2003 and 2016. In October 2016, the donors at the Brussels conference pledged an additional $3.8 billion in development aid annually from 2017 to 2020. Despite this help, the Government of Afghanistan will need to overcome a number of challenges, including low revenue collection, anemic job creation, high levels of corruption, weak government capacity, and poor public infrastructure.\n\nIn 2016 Afghanistan's growth rate was only marginally above that of 2014 and 2015. The drawdown of international security forces that started in 2012 has negatively affected economic growth, as a substantial portion of commerce, especially in the services sector, has catered to the ongoing international troop presence in the country. Afghan President Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai is dedicated to instituting economic reforms to include improving revenue collection and fighting corruption. However, the reforms will take time to implement and Afghanistan will remain dependent on international donor support over the next several years.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 64080000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 62820000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 62350000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 104, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 18400000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.3, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 139 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 2000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 204, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 108.6, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 12.8, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 18.2, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 6.6, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -46.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2014" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 22, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 22, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 56, "units": "%" } }, "note": "data exclude opium production", "date": "2015" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 23.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 23.3, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 20, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 59 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "opium", "wheat", "fruits", "nuts", "wool", "mutton", "sheepskins", "lambskins", "poppies" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "small-scale production of bricks", "textiles", "soap", "furniture", "shoes", "fertilizer", "apparel", "food products", "non-alcoholic beverages", "mineral water", "cement", "handwoven carpets", "natural gas", "coal", "copper" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 2.4, "global_rank": 95, "date": "2014" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 7983000, "global_rank": 62, "date": "2013" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 78.6, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 5.7, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 15.7, "units": "%", "note": "FY08/09 est." } } } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 35, "units": "%", "date": "2008" }, { "value": 40, "units": "%", "date": "2005" } ], "global_rank": 198 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 35.8, "units": "%", "date": "2011" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 3.8, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 24, "units": "%" }, "date": "2008" }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 1992000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 6636000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 10.8, "global_rank": 212, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -25.2, "global_rank": 217, "date": "2016" }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "21 December", "end": "20 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -1.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 171 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 15, "units": "%", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 42 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6644000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 6192000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 91 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6945000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 6544000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 122 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "global_rank": 192 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1337000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 564000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 41 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 658000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 2679000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 169, "note": "not including illicit exports or reexports" }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "opium", "fruits", "nuts", "handwoven carpets", "wool", "cotton", "hides", "pelts", "precious", "semi-precious gems" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "India", "percent": 43.6 }, { "name": "Pakistan", "percent": 28.3 }, { "name": "Tajikistan", "percent": 7.4 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 7004000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 12190000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 108 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "other capital goods", "food", "textiles", "petroleum products" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Pakistan", "percent": 39.1 }, { "name": "India", "percent": 9 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 8.4 }, { "name": "Turkmenistan", "percent": 6.3 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 6.1 }, { "name": "Kazakhstan", "percent": 6 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6232000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 6681000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 88 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1280000000, "units": "USD" }, { "value": 2700000000, "units": "USD" } ], "global_rank": 164 }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 61.14, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 61.14, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 61.14, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 57.25, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 46.45, "units": "USD", "date": "2010" } ], "note": "afghanis (AFA) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 18999254, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 43, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 83, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 32, "units": "%" }, "date": "2012" }, "production": { "kWh": 1000000000, "global_rank": 150, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 4700000000, "global_rank": 121, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 103, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 3700000000, "global_rank": 48, "date": "2014" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 600000, "global_rank": 141, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 35.4, "global_rank": 169, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 64.4, "global_rank": 33, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0.2, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 103, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 92, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 155, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 114, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 130000, "global_rank": 76, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 127200, "global_rank": 46, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 159600000, "global_rank": 78, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 159600000, "global_rank": 107, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 57, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 152, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 49550000000, "global_rank": 63, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 7400000, "global_rank": 114, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 110000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 1, "global_rank": 145, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 19709000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 61, "global_rank": 51, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "limited fixed-line telephone service; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks", "domestic": "aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service continues to improve rapidly; the Afghan Ministry of Communications and Information claims that more than 90 percent of the population live in areas with access to mobile-cellular services", "international": "country code - 93; multiple VSAT's provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity (2012)" } }, "broadcast_media": "state-owned broadcaster, Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA), operates a series of radio and television stations in Kabul and the provinces; an estimated 150 private radio stations, 50 TV stations, and about a dozen international broadcasters are available (2007)", "internet": { "country_code": ".af", "users": { "total": 2690000, "percent_of_population": 8.3, "global_rank": 100, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 4, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 20, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 1929907, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 33102038, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "YA", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 43, "global_rank": 91, "date": "2016" }, "paved": { "total": 25, "over_3047_metres": 4, "2438_to_3047_metres": 4, "1524_to_2437_metres": 14, "914_to_1523_metres": 2, "under_914_metres": 1, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 18, "2438_to_3047_metres": 1, "1524_to_2437_metres": 8, "914_to_1523_metres": 4, "under_914_metres": 5, "date": "2016" } }, "heliports": { "total": 9, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "gas", "length": 466, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2013" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 42150, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 12350, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 29800, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 86, "date": "2006" }, "waterways": { "value": 1200, "note": "chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT", "global_rank": 60, "date": "2011" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "river_ports": [ "Kheyrabad", "Shir Khan" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.01, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.33, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 1.06, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 1.14, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 1.78, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2011" } ] }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Afghan National Defense", "Security Forces (ANDSF)", "Afghan National Army (includes Afghan Air Force)", "Afghan National Police", "Afghan Local Police" ], "date": "2016" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 18, "note": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription", "date": "2016" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps and since 2014 have met to discuss collaboration on the Taliban insurgency and counterterrorism efforts", "Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey", "Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought", "Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities", "Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "refugees": { "by_country": [ { "people": 59737, "country_of_origin": "Pakistan" } ], "date": "2016" }, "internally_displaced_persons": { "people": 1553000, "note": "mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in the south and west due to drought and political instability", "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "world's largest producer of opium; poppy cultivation increased 7 percent, to a record 211,000 hectares in 2014 from 198,000 hectares in 2013, while eradication dropped sharply; relatively low opium yields due to poor weather kept potential opium production - 6,300 metric tons - below the record set in 2007; the Taliban and other antigovernment groups participate in and profit from the opiate trade, which is a key source of revenue for the Taliban inside Afghanistan; widespread corruption and instability impede counterdrug efforts; most of the heroin consumed in Europe and Eurasia is derived from Afghan opium; Afghanistan is also struggling to respond to a burgeoning domestic opiate addiction problem; vulnerable to drug money laundering through informal financial networks; illicit cultivation of cannabis and regional source of hashish" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624100638/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html" } }, "akrotiri": { "data": { "name": "Akrotiri", "introduction": { "background": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area." }, "geography": { "location": "Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 34, "minutes": 37, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 32, "minutes": 58, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Middle East", "area": { "total": { "value": 123, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes a salt lake and wetlands", "global_rank": 224, "comparative": "about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 48, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Cyprus", "border_length": { "value": 48, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 56.3, "units": "km" }, "climate": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters", "environment": { "current_issues": [ "hunting around the salt lake", "note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles", "only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base" ] }, "note": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area (SBA) land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 15700 }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "English" }, { "name": "Greek" } ] } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "none", "conventional_short_form": "Akrotiri", "etymology": "named for the village that lies within the Western Sovereign Base Area on Cyprus" }, "capital": { "name": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 34, "minutes": 40, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 32, "minutes": 51, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 2, "note": "7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" }, "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, "constitution": { "history": "presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960 serves as a basic legal document); amended 1966 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters", "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)", "head_of_government": "Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Michael WIGSTON (since 21 January 2015); note - administrator reports to the British Ministry of Defense; the chief officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the civil government of the Sovereign Bases", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Defense" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "see entry for United Kingdom", "subordinate_courts": "Resident Judges' Court; Courts Martial" }, "flag_description": { "description": "the flag of the UK is used" }, "national_anthem": { "note": "as a UK area of special sovereignty, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AX.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.", "exchange_rates": { "note": "uses the euro" } }, "communications": { "broadcast_media": "British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area (2009)" }, "military_and_security": { "note": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; Akrotiri has a full RAF base, headquarters for British Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit" } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-05-15", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170515133519/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ax.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170515000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ax.html" } }, "albania": { "data": { "name": "Albania", "introduction": { "background": "Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents.\nAlbania has made progress in its democratic development since first holding multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became a candidate for EU accession. Albania in November 2016 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations conditioned upon implementation of a judicial reform package passed earlier the same year. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles." }, "geography": { "location": "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece to the south and Montenegro and Kosovo to the north", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 41, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 20, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Europe", "area": { "total": { "value": 28748, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 27398, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 1350, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 145, "comparative": "slightly smaller than Maryland" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 691, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Greece", "border_length": { "value": 212, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Kosovo", "border_length": { "value": 112, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Macedonia", "border_length": { "value": 181, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Montenegro", "border_length": { "value": 186, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 362, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "continental_shelf": { "value": 200, "units": "m", "note": "depth or to the depth of exploitation" } }, "climate": "mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter", "terrain": "mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 708, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Adriatic Sea", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab)", "elevation": { "value": 2764, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "petroleum", "natural gas", "coal", "bauxite", "chromite", "copper", "iron ore", "nickel", "salt", "timber", "hydropower", "arable land" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 43.8, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 22.7, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 2.7, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 18.4, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 28.3, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 27.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 3310, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "a fairly even distribution, with somewhat higher concentrations of people in the western and central parts of the country", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "destructive earthquakes", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "tsunamis occur along southwestern coast", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "floods", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "drought", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "deforestation", "soil erosion", "water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Air Pollution", "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Wetlands" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 3038594, "global_rank": 137, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Albanian(s)", "adjective": "Albanian" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Albanian", "percent": 82.6 }, { "name": "Greek", "percent": 0.9 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1, "note": "including Vlach, Romani, Macedonian, Montenegrin, and Egyptian" }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 15.5 } ], "date": "2011" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Albanian", "percent": 98.8, "note": "official - derived from Tosk dialect" }, { "name": "Greek", "percent": 0.5 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.6, "note": "including Macedonian, Romani, Vlach, Turkish, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian" }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.1 } ], "date": "2011" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 56.7 }, { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 10 }, { "name": "Orthodox", "percent": 6.8 }, { "name": "atheist", "percent": 2.5 }, { "name": "Bektashi", "percent": 2.1, "note": "a Sufi order" }, { "name": "other", "percent": 5.7 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 16.2 } ], "note": "all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice", "date": "2011" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 18.37, "males": 295022, "females": 263141 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 18.09, "males": 284201, "females": 265530 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 40.73, "males": 589707, "females": 648021 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 11.23, "males": 168500, "females": 172587 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 11.58, "males": 165076, "females": 186809 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 44.8, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 26.9, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 18, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 5.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 32.5, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 31.2, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 33.8, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 96, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 0.31, "global_rank": 175, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 13.1, "global_rank": 153, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 6.7, "global_rank": 141, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -3.3, "global_rank": 184, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "a fairly even distribution, with somewhat higher concentrations of people in the western and central parts of the country", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 57.4, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 2.21, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Tirana", "population": 454000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.1, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.12, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.07, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 0.91, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.89, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 25, "date": "2010" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 29, "global_rank": 128, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 12.3, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 13.7, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 10.8, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 120, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 78.3, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 75.7, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 81.2, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 61, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.51, "global_rank": 197, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 69.3, "units": "%", "date": "2008" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 5.9, "global_rank": 111, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 1.29, "date": "2013" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 2.6, "date": "2012" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 84.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 81.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 83.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 15.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 18.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 16.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 95.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 90.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 93.2, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 4.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 9.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 6.8, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.04, "global_rank": 126, "date": "2013" } }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 18.1, "global_rank": 88, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 6.3, "global_rank": 80, "date": "2009" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 3.5, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2013" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 97.6, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 98.4, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 96.9, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 16, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 15, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 16, "units": "years" }, "date": "2015" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 72818, "percentage": { "value": 12, "units": "%" }, "date": "2005" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 30.2, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 32.5, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 26.1, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 46, "date": "2013" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Albania", "conventional_short_form": "Albania", "local_long_form": "Republika e Shqiperise", "local_short_form": "Shqiperia", "former": "People's Socialist Republic of Albania", "etymology": "the English-language country name seems to be derived from the ancient Illyrian tribe of the Albani; the native name \"Shqiperia\" is popularly interpreted to mean \"Land of the Eagles\"" }, "government_type": "parliamentary republic", "capital": { "name": "Tirana (Tirane)", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 41, "minutes": 19, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 19, "minutes": 49, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 1, "note": "6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" }, "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, "independence": { "date": "1912-11-28", "note": "from the Ottoman Empire" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Independence Day", "day": "28 November", "original_year": "1912", "note": "also known as Flag Day" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest approved by the Assembly 21 October 1998, adopted by referendum 22 November 1998, promulgated 28 November 1998", "amendments": "proposed by at least one-fifth of the Assembly membership; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required only if approved by two-thirds of the Assembly; amendments approved by referendum effective upon declaration by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2016 (2017)" }, "legal_system": "civil law system except in the northern rural areas where customary law known as the \"Code of Leke\" prevails", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Albania", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "yes", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "5 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President of the Republic Bujar NISHANI (since 24 July 2012)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Edi RAMA (since 10 September 2013); Deputy Prime Minister Niko PELESHI", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and approved by the Assembly", "elections_appointments": "president indirectly elected by the Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); a candidate needs three-fifths majority vote of the Assembly in 1 of 3 rounds or a simple majority in 2 additional rounds to become president; election last held in 3 rounds during the period 19, 20, and 27 April 2017 (next election to be held in 2022) but failed; prime minister appointed by the president on the proposal of the majority party or coalition of parties in the Assembly", "election_results": "Ilir META (LSI) elected president; Assembly vote - 87 - 2 in fourth round; he takes office on 24 July 2017" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)", "elections": "last held on 25 June 2017 (next to be held in 2021)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PS 48.3%, PD 28.8%, LSI 14.3%, PDIU 4.8%, PSD 1.0, other 2.8%; seats by party - PS 74, PD 43, LSI 19, PDIU 3, PSD 1" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 17 judges, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the chairman)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges, including the chairman, appointed by the president with the consent of the Assembly to serve single 9-year terms); Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president with the consent of the Assembly to serve single 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years; chairman elected by the People's Assembly for a single 3-year term", "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Democratic Party", "name_alternative": "PD", "leaders": [ "Lulzim BASHA" ] }, { "name": "Party for Justice, Integration and Unity", "name_alternative": "PDIU", "leaders": [ "Shpetim IDRIZI" ], "note": "formerly part of APMI" }, { "name": "Social Democratic Party", "name_alternative": "PSD", "leaders": [ "Skender GJINUSHI" ] }, { "name": "Socialist Movement for Integration", "name_alternative": "LSI", "leaders": [ "Petrit VASILI" ] }, { "name": "Socialist Party", "name_alternative": "PS", "leaders": [ "Edi RAMA" ] } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania", "name_alternative": "KSSH", "leaders": [ "Kol NIKOLLAJ" ] }, { "name": "Omonia", "leaders": [ "Leonidha PAPA" ] }, { "name": "Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania", "name_alternative": "BSPSH", "leaders": [ "Gezim KALAJA" ] } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "BSEC" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "CE" }, { "organization": "CEI" }, { "organization": "EAPC" }, { "organization": "EBRD" }, { "organization": "EITI ", "note": "compliant country" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "national committees" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IDB" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO ", "note": "correspondent" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NATO" }, { "organization": "OAS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OIC" }, { "organization": "OIF" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE" }, { "organization": "PCA" }, { "organization": "SELEC" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Floreta FABER (since 18 May 2015)", "chancery": "2100 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 223-4942", "fax": "[1] (202) 628-7342", "consulates_general": "New York" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald LU (since 13 January 2015)", "embassy": "Rruga e Elbasanit, 103, Tirana", "mailing_address": "US Department of State, 9510 Tirana Place, Dulles, VA 20189-9510", "telephone": "[355] (4) 2247-285", "fax": "[355] (4) 2232-222" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Kastrioti SKANDERBEG, who led a successful uprising against the Ottoman Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-78); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as \"Shqiptare,\" which translates as \"sons of the eagle\"" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "double-headed eagle" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "black" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Hymni i Flamurit\" (Hymn to the Flag)", "lyrics_music": "Aleksander Stavre DRENOVA/Ciprian PORUMBESCU", "note": "adopted 1912", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AL.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally-planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania’s economy has steadily improved and economic growth is projected to increase to 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone.\n\nRemittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for almost half of employment but only about one-fifth of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption.\n\nAlbania’s electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth.\n\nInward FDI has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania’s three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. Albania’s 2017 budget aims to reach a small primary surplus, which the Albanian Government plans to achieve by strengthening tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 71% in 2016.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 33900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 32659999999.999996, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 31590000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 50, "units": "USD" } ], "global_rank": 124, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 12140000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3.8, "units": "%", "date": "2017" }, { "value": 3.4, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.6, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 62 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 11900, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 11500, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 11100, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 128, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 85.7, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 10.4, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 27.6, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 1.5, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 37.1, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -62.3, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 21.6, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 14.9, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 63.5, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 15, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 13, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 117 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "wheat", "corn", "potatoes", "vegetables", "fruits", "olives", "olive oil", "grapes", "meat", "dairy products", "sheep", "goats" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "food", "footwear", "apparel", "clothing", "lumber", "oil", "cement", "chemicals", "mining", "basic metals", "hydropower" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 2.9, "global_rank": 83, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 1179000, "global_rank": 138, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 41.8, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 11.4, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 46.8, "units": "%", "note": "December 2014 est" } } } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 14.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 16.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 159, "note": "these official rates may not include those working at near-subsistence farming" }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 14.3, "units": "%", "date": "2012" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 4.1, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 19.6, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 29, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 30, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2008" } ], "global_rank": 130 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 3203000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 3546000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 26.4, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -2.8, "global_rank": 100, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 71, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 71.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 44 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.3, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 81 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.25, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1.75, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 122 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9.1, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 8.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 91 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3508000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 3095000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 110 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 10180000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 9652000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 107 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 7008000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 7166000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 113 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -1465000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -1226000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 138 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1962000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1930000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 139 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "apparel", "clothing", "footwear", "asphalt", "metals", "metallic ores", "crude oil", "cement", "construction materials", "vegetables", "fruits", "tobacco" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Italy", "percent": 43.3 }, { "name": "Kosovo", "percent": 9.8 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 7.7 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 6.2 }, { "name": "Greece", "percent": 5.3 }, { "name": "Spain", "percent": 4.8 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4667000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 4322000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 126 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "equipment", "foodstuffs", "textiles", "chemicals" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Italy", "percent": 33.4 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 10 }, { "name": "Greece", "percent": 9 }, { "name": "Turkey", "percent": 6.7 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 5.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3093000000, "units": "USD" }, { "value": 3140000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 103 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 7797000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 7716000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 118 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6056000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 5459000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 100 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 127.4, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 125.96, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 125.96, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 105.48, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 108.19, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "leke (ALL) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 7135000000, "global_rank": 113, "date": "2016" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 7094000000, "global_rank": 107, "date": "2016" }, "exports": { "kWh": 1868000000, "global_rank": 46, "date": "2016" }, "imports": { "kWh": 1826000000, "global_rank": 54, "date": "2016" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 1895000, "global_rank": 114, "date": "2015" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 214, "date": "2015" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 40, "date": "2015" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 100, "global_rank": 2, "date": "2015" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 151, "date": "2015" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 16500, "global_rank": 76, "date": "2016" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 14330, "global_rank": 63, "date": "2016" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2016" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 2616000000, "global_rank": 33, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 290, "global_rank": 108, "date": "2016" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 27000, "global_rank": 125, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 16250, "global_rank": 74, "date": "2016" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 13250, "global_rank": 135, "date": "2016" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 32000000, "global_rank": 86, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 32000000, "global_rank": 112, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 58, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 821200000, "global_rank": 106, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 4300000, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 226718, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 7, "global_rank": 123, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 3401000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 120, "global_rank": 133, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "fixed line, teledensity continues to decline due to heavy use of mobile-cellular telephone services; mobile-cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective; of 3.4 million active mobile telephone users, 1.3 million use mobile broadband services (3G/4G)", "domestic": "offsetting the shortage of fixed-line capacity, mobile-cellular phone service has been available since 1996; by 2015, 4 companies were providing mobile services and mobile teledensity had reached 120 per 100 persons; Internet broadband services initiated in 2005, and the penetration rate per family reached 30% by 2015; Internet cafes are popular in major urban areas", "international": "country code - 355; submarine cable provides connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; the Trans-Balkan Line, a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "Albania has more than 65 TV stations, including several that breoadcast nationally; Albanian TV broadcasts are also available to Albanian-speaking populations in neighboring countries; many viewers have access to Italian and Greek TV broadcasts via terrestrial reception; Albania's TV stations have begun a government-mandated conversion from analog to digital broadcast; the government has pledged to provide analog-to-digital converters to low-income families affected by this decision; cable TV service is available; 2 public radio networks and roughly 78 private radio stations; several international broadcasters are available (2017)", "internet": { "country_code": ".al", "users": { "total": 1916000, "percent_of_population": 63.2, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 1, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 1, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 151632, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 0, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "ZA", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 4, "global_rank": 183, "date": "2016" }, "paved": { "total": 4, "2438_to_3047_metres": 3, "1524_to_2437_metres": 1, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 1, "914_to_1523_metres": 1, "date": "2012" } }, "heliports": { "total": 1, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "oil", "length": 249, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2015" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 677, "units": "km" }, "standard_gauge": { "length": 677, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.435-m" }, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2015" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 18000, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 7020, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 10980, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 116, "date": "2002" }, "waterways": { "value": 41, "units": "km", "note": "on the Bojana River", "global_rank": 103, "date": "2011" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 17, "by_type": [ { "type": "cargo", "count": 16 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 1 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 1, "by_country": [ { "country": "Turkey", "count": 1 } ] }, "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 5, "by_country": [ { "country": "Antigua and Barbuda", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Panama", "count": 4 } ] }, "global_rank": 99, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Durres", "Sarande", "Shengjin", "Vlore" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.14, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.16, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.35, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 1.41, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 1.49, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 112 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Land Forces Command", "Navy Force Command", "Air Forces Command" ], "date": "2013" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 19, "note": "19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age in case of general/partial compulsory mobilization", "date": "2012" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "none" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "stateless_persons": { "people": 4921, "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and expanding cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-07-01", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701102628/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html" } }, "algeria": { "data": { "name": "Algeria", "introduction": { "background": "After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000.\nAbdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The government in 2011 introduced some political reforms in response to the Arab Spring, including lifting the 19-year-old state of emergency restrictions and increasing women's quotas for elected assemblies, while also increasing subsidies to the populace. Since 2014, Algeria’s reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices." }, "geography": { "location": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 28, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 3, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Africa", "area": { "total": { "value": 2381741, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 2381741, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 10, "comparative": "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 6734, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Libya", "border_length": { "value": 989, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Mali", "border_length": { "value": 1359, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Mauritania", "border_length": { "value": 460, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Morocco", "border_length": { "value": 1900, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Niger", "border_length": { "value": 951, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Tunisia", "border_length": { "value": 1034, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Western Sahara", "border_length": { "value": 41, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 998, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_fishing_zone": "32-52 nm" }, "climate": "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer", "terrain": "mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 800, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Chott Melrhir", "elevation": { "value": -40, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Tahat", "elevation": { "value": 3003, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "petroleum", "natural gas", "iron ore", "phosphates", "uranium", "lead", "zinc" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 17.3, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 3.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 13.8, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 0.6, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 82, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 5700, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "mudslides and floods in rainy season", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices", "desertification", "dumping of raw sewage", "petroleum refining wastes", "and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters", "Mediterranean Sea", "in particular", "becoming polluted from oil wastes", "soil erosion", "and fertilizer runoff", "inadequate supplies of potable water" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Environmental Modification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Wetlands" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "largest country in Africa" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 40263711, "global_rank": 34, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Algerian(s)", "adjective": "Algerian" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Arab-Berber", "percent": 99 }, { "name": "European less than", "percent": 1 } ], "note": "although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Arabic", "note": "official" }, { "name": "French", "note": "lingua franca" }, { "name": "Berber or Tamazight ; dialects include Kabyle Berber", "note": "official; Taqbaylit" }, { "name": "Shawiya Berber", "note": "Tacawit" }, { "name": "Mzab Berber" }, { "name": "Tuareg Berber", "note": "Tamahaq" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 99, "note": "official; predominantly Sunni" }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1, "note": "includes Christian and Jewish" } ], "africa": ":ALGERIA", "date": "2012" }, "demographic_profile": "For the first two-thirds of the 20th century, Algeria’s high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962 the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria’s population growth rate by the late 1980s. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women’s rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women’s education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. The average woman’s age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s.\nAlgeria’s fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman’s age at first marriage dropped slightly. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use.\nThousands of Algerian peasants – mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region – faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (harkis) emigrated en masse to France. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers’ decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification.\nNot until Algeria’s civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. In the 2000s, a wave of educated Algerians went abroad seeking skilled jobs in a wider range of destinations, increasing their presence in North America and Spain. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria’s construction and oil sectors. Illegal migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe.\nSince 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara. An estimated 90,000 Sahrawis live in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf.", "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 29.06, "males": 5991164, "females": 5709616 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 15.95, "males": 3287448, "females": 3136624 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 42.88, "males": 8737944, "females": 8526137 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 6.61, "males": 1349291, "females": 1312339 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 5.5, "males": 1027126, "females": 1186022 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 52.6, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 43.6, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 9.1, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 11, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 27.8, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 27.5, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 28.1, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 137, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 1.77, "global_rank": 64, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 23, "global_rank": 68, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 4.3, "global_rank": 205, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -0.9, "global_rank": 139, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 70.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 2.77, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Algiers", "population": 2594000, "is_capital": true }, { "place": "Oran", "population": 858000 } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.02, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.86, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 140, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 20.3, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 21.9, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 18.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 83, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 76.8, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 75.5, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 78.2, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 81, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 2.74, "global_rank": 67, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 57.1, "units": "%", "date": "2012" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 7.2, "global_rank": 135, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 1.19, "date": "2007" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 84.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 81.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 83.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 15.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 18.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 16.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 89.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 82.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 87.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 10.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 17.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 12.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.04, "global_rank": 125, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 8800, "global_rank": 92, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 100, "global_rank": 101, "date": "2015" } }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 23.6, "global_rank": 116, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 3, "global_rank": 102, "date": "2013" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 4.3, "global_rank": 97, "date": "2008" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 80.2, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 87.2, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 73.1, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 14, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 14, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 15, "units": "years" }, "date": "2011" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 304358, "percentage": { "value": 5, "units": "%" }, "date": "2006" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 25.3, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 22.1, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 41.4, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 47, "date": "2014" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", "conventional_short_form": "Algeria", "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah", "local_short_form": "Al Jaza'ir", "etymology": "the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers" }, "government_type": "presidential republic", "capital": { "name": "Algiers", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 36, "minutes": 45, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 3, "minutes": 3, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 1, "note": "6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1962-07-05", "note": "from France" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Revolution Day", "day": "1 November", "original_year": "1954" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 23 February 1989", "amendments": "proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three-fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2016 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "non-party state to the ICCt" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "the mother must be a citizen of Algeria", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "7 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdel Madjid TEBBOUNE (since 25 May 2017)", "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president", "elections_appointments": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (2-term limit reinstated by constitutional amendment in February 2016); election last held on 17 April 2014 (next to be held in April 2019); prime minister nominated by the president from the majority party in Parliament", "election_results": "Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for a fourth term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (FLN) 81.5%, Ali BENFLIS (FLN) 12.2%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 3.4%, other 2.9%" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Council of the Nation (upper house with 144 seats; one-third of members appointed by the president, two-thirds indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local council members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) and the National People's Assembly (lower house with 462 seats including 8 seats for Algerians living abroad); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)", "elections": "Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2015 (next to be held in December 2018); National People's Assembly - last held on 4 May 2017 (next to be held in 2022)", "election_results": "Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 164, RND 97, MSP-FC 33, TAJ 19, Ennahda -FJD 15, FFS 14, El Mostakbel 14, MPA 13, PT 11, RCD 9, ANR 8, MEN 4, other 33, independent 28" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into 4 divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years", "subordinate_courts": "appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Algerian National Front", "name_alternative": "FNA", "leaders": [ "Moussa TOUATI" ] }, { "name": "Algerian Popular Movement", "name_alternative": "MPA", "leaders": [ "Amara BENYOUNES" ] }, { "name": "Algerian Rally", "name_alternative": "RA", "leaders": [ "Ali ZAGHDOUD" ] }, { "name": "Algeria's Hope Rally", "name_alternative": "TAJ", "leaders": [ "Amar GHOUL" ] }, { "name": "Dignity", "name_alternative": "El Karama", "leaders": [ "Mohamed BENHAMOU" ] }, { "name": "Ennour El Djazairi Party", "name_alternative": "PED", "leaders": [ "Badreddine BELBAZ" ], "note": "Algerian Radiance Party" }, { "name": "Front for Change", "name_alternative": "FC", "leaders": [ "Abdelmadjid MENASRA" ] }, { "name": "Front for Justice and Development", "name_alternative": "El Adala", "leaders": [ "Abdallah DJABALLAH" ] }, { "name": "Future Front", "name_alternative": "El Mostakbel", "leaders": [ "Abdelaziz BELAID" ] }, { "name": "Green Algeria Alliance", "name_alternative": "AAV", "note": "includes Islah, Ennahda Movement, MSP" }, { "name": "Islamic Renaissance Movement", "name_alternative": "Ennahda Movement", "leaders": [ "Mohamed DOUIBI" ] }, { "name": "Movement of National Understanding", "name_alternative": "MEN" }, { "name": "Movement for National Reform", "name_alternative": "Islah", "leaders": [ "Djilali GHOUINI" ] }, { "name": "Movement of Society for Peace", "name_alternative": "MSP", "leaders": [ "Abderrazak MOKRI" ] }, { "name": "National Democratic Rally", "name_alternative": "RND", "leaders": [ "Ahmed OUYAHIA" ], "note": "Rassemblement National Democratique" }, { "name": "National Front for Social Justice", "name_alternative": "FNJS", "leaders": [ "Khaled BOUNEDJEMA" ] }, { "name": "National Liberation Front", "name_alternative": "FLN", "leaders": [ "Djamel OULD ABBES" ] }, { "name": "National Party for Solidarity and Development", "name_alternative": "PNSD" }, { "name": "National Reform Movement", "name_alternative": "Islah", "leaders": [ "Djahid YOUNSI" ] }, { "name": "National Republican Alliance", "name_alternative": "ANR", "leaders": [ "Redha MALEK" ] }, { "name": "New Dawn Party", "name_alternative": "PFJ" }, { "name": "New Generation", "name_alternative": "Jil Jadid", "leaders": [ "Soufiane DJILALI" ] }, { "name": "Oath of 1954", "name_alternative": "Ahd 54", "leaders": [ "Ali Fawzi REBAINE" ] }, { "name": "Party of Justice and Liberty", "leaders": [ "Mohammed SAID" ] }, { "name": "Rally for Culture and Democracy", "name_alternative": "RCD", "leaders": [ "Mohcine BELABBAS" ] }, { "name": "Rally for Hope in Algeria", "name_alternative": "TAJ" }, { "name": "Socialist Forces Front", "name_alternative": "FFS", "leaders": [ "Mustafa BOUCHACHI" ] }, { "name": "Union of Democratic and Social Forces", "name_alternative": "UFDS", "leaders": [ "Noureddine BAHBOUH" ] }, { "name": "Vanguard of Freedoms", "leaders": [ "Ali BENFLIS" ] }, { "name": "Youth Party", "name_alternative": "PJ", "leaders": [ "Hamana BOUCHARMA" ] }, { "name": "Workers Party", "name_alternative": "PT", "leaders": [ "Louisa HANOUNE" ] } ], "note": "a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997" }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights", "name_alternative": "LADDH", "leaders": [ "Noureddine BENISSAD" ] }, { "name": "SOS Disparus", "leaders": [ "Nacera DUTOUR" ] }, { "name": "Youth Action Rally", "name_alternative": "RAJ" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ABEDA" }, { "organization": "AfDB" }, { "organization": "AFESD" }, { "organization": "AMF" }, { "organization": "AMU" }, { "organization": "AU" }, { "organization": "BIS" }, { "organization": "CAEU" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "G-15" }, { "organization": "G-24" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "national committees" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IDB" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "IHO" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "IMSO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "LAS" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "MONUSCO" }, { "organization": "NAM" }, { "organization": "OAPEC" }, { "organization": "OAS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OIC" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OPEC" }, { "organization": "OSCE ", "note": "partner" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNHCR" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNITAR" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO ", "note": "observer" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Madjid BOUGUERRA (since 23 February 2015)", "chancery": "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-2800", "fax": "[1] (202) 986-5906", "consulates_general": "New York" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joan A. POLASCHIK (since 22 September 2014)", "embassy": "05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, El Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030 Algieria", "mailing_address": "B. P. 408, Alger-Gare, 16030 Algiers", "telephone": "[213] (0) 770-08-2000", "fax": "[213] (0) 770-08-2064" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "star and crescent" }, { "symbol": "fennec fox" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "green" }, { "color": "white" }, { "color": "red" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Kassaman\" (We Pledge)", "lyrics_music": "Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI", "note": "adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote \"Kassaman\" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AG.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy.\n\nHydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in oil reserves. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability and amass large foreign currency reserves while oil prices were high. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. However, Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Declining oil prices since 2014 have reduced the government’s ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies. Algeria’s foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than 40% since late 2013 and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $75 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum.\n\nAlgiers has strengthened protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional regulatory requirements on access to foreign exchange for imports and import quotas for specific products, such as cars, to limit their importation. Meanwhile, Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand.\n\nWith declining revenues caused by falling oil prices, the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted Algiers to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases, moves which continue to weigh on public finances. In 2016, the government increased taxes on electricity and fuel, resulting in a modest increase in gasoline prices, and in 2017 raised by 2% the value-added tax on nearly all products, but has refrained from directly reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs.\n\nLong-term economic challenges include diversifying the economy away from its reliance on hydrocarbon exports, bolstering the private sector, attracting foreign investment, and providing adequate jobs for younger Algerians.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 609400000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 588400000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 566300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 35, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 168300000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3.6, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 3.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 3.8, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 70 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 14700, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 14500, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 109, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 41.5, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 22.1, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 42.1, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 6.6, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 25.1, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -37.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 13.2, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 38.4, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 48.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 32.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 34.9, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 43.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 17 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "wheat", "barley", "oats", "grapes", "olives", "citrus", "fruits", "sheep", "cattle" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "petroleum", "natural gas", "light industries", "mining", "electrical", "petrochemical", "food processing" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 0.5, "global_rank": 167, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 11780000, "global_rank": 50, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 30.9, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 30.9, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 58.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 11.2, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 123 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 23, "units": "%", "date": "2006" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 2.8, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 26.8, "units": "%" }, "date": "1995" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 35.3, "units": "gini_index", "date": "1995" } ], "global_rank": 92 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 42690000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 66450000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 25.4, "global_rank": 114, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -13.3, "global_rank": 207, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 13, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 9.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 178, "note": "data cover central government debt, as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt" }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 4.4, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 183 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4, "units": "%", "date": "2010-12-31" }, { "value": 4, "units": "%", "date": "2009-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 97 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 8, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 105 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 91410000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 86430000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 38 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 133600000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 127900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 51 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 100100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 61780000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 56 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -26310000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -27290000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 192 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 27500000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 33000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 61 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "petroleum", "natural gas", "petroleum products" ], "date": "2009" }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Spain", "percent": 17.4 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 13.7 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 12.3 }, { "name": "UK", "percent": 7.2 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 6.4 }, { "name": "Netherlands", "percent": 6 }, { "name": "Turkey", "percent": 5.2 }, { "name": "Brazil", "percent": 4.5 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 44600000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 50700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 50 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "capital goods", "foodstuffs", "consumer goods" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "China", "percent": 15 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 10.3 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 8.8 }, { "name": "Spain", "percent": 7.2 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 6.2 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 4.9 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 113400000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 145000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 22 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6301000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 2700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 126 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 25700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 25890000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 71 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2025000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1950000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 80 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 110.1, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 100.691, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 100.691, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 80.579, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 77.54, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 400000, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 99, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 97, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 60000000000, "global_rank": 46, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 49000000000, "global_rank": 48, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 900000000, "global_rank": 59, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "kWh": 700000000, "global_rank": 78, "date": "2014" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 16000000, "global_rank": 51, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 98, "global_rank": 55, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 38, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 1.8, "global_rank": 138, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0.2, "global_rank": 115, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 1370000, "global_rank": 19, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 1146000, "global_rank": 15, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 2920, "global_rank": 79, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 12000000000, "global_rank": 16, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 505900, "global_rank": 34, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 430000, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 435400, "global_rank": 18, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 108800, "global_rank": 53, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 83290000000, "global_rank": 10, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 37500000000, "global_rank": 27, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 40800000000, "global_rank": 9, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 153, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 4504000000000, "global_rank": 10, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 128000000, "global_rank": 36, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 3267592, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 8, "global_rank": 46, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 45928000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 116, "global_rank": 33, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile cellular licenses have been issued and, in 2005, a consortium led by Egypt's Orascom Telecom won a 15-year license to build and operate a fixed-line network in Algeria", "domestic": "a limited network of fixed lines with a teledensity of less than 10 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; in 2015, mobile-cellular teledensity was roughly 116 telephones per 100 persons", "international": "country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".dz", "users": { "total": 15105000, "percent_of_population": 38.2, "global_rank": 55, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 4, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 74, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 5910835, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 24723377, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "7T", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 157, "global_rank": 36, "date": "2016" }, "paved": { "total": 64, "over_3047_metres": 12, "2438_to_3047_metres": 29, "1524_to_2437_metres": 17, "914_to_1523_metres": 5, "under_914_metres": 1, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 93, "2438_to_3047_metres": 2, "1524_to_2437_metres": 18, "914_to_1523_metres": 39, "under_914_metres": 34, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 3, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "condensate", "length": 2600, "units": "km" }, { "type": "gas", "length": 16415, "units": "km" }, { "type": "liquid petroleum gas", "length": 3447, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil", "length": 7036, "units": "km" }, { "type": "refined products", "length": 144, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2013" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 3973, "units": "km" }, "standard_gauge": { "length": 2888, "electrified": 283, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.432-m" }, "narrow_gauge": { "length": 1085, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.055-m" }, "global_rank": 45, "date": "2014" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 113655, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 87605, "units": "km", "note": "includes 645 km of expressways" }, "unpaved": { "value": 26050, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 43, "date": "2010" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 38, "by_type": [ { "type": "bulk carrier", "count": 6 }, { "type": "cargo", "count": 8 }, { "type": "chemical tanker", "count": 3 }, { "type": "liquefied gas", "count": 11 }, { "type": "passenger/cargo", "count": 3 }, { "type": "petroleum tanker", "count": 4 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 3 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 15, "by_country": [] }, "global_rank": 78, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Algiers", "Annaba", "Arzew", "Bejaia", "Djendjene", "Jijel", "Mostaganem", "Oran", "Skikda" ], "liquid_natural_gas_terminals_export": [ "Arzew", "Bethioua", "Skikda" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 6.24, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 5.56, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 4.96, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 4.46, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 8 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "People's National Army (Armee Nationale Populaire", "ANP)", "Land Forces (Forces Terrestres", "FT)", "Navy of the Republic of Algeria (Marine de la Republique Algerienne", "MRA)", "Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jaza'eriya", "QJJ)", "Territorial Air Defense Force" ], "date": "2016" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 17, "note": "17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (6 months basic training, 12 months civil projects)", "date": "2012" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Algeria and many other states reject Moroccan administration of Western Sahara", "the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic", "Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling", "dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "refugees": { "by_country": [ { "people": 90000 }, { "people": "mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf" } ], "date": "2016" } }, "trafficking_in_persons": { "current_situation": "Algeria is a transit and, to a lesser extent, a destination and source country for women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and, to a lesser extent, men subjected to forced labor; criminal networks, sometimes extending to sub-Saharan Africa and to Europe, are involved in human smuggling and trafficking in Algeria; sub-Saharan adults enter Algeria voluntarily but illegally, often with the aid of smugglers, for onward travel to Europe, but some of the women are forced into prostitution, domestic service, and begging; some sub-Saharan men, mostly from Mali, are forced into domestic servitude; some Algerian women and children are also forced into prostitution domestically", "tier_rating": "Tier 3 – Algeria does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so: some officials denied the existence of human trafficking, hindering law enforcement efforts; the government reported its first conviction under its anti-trafficking law; one potential trafficking case was investigated in 2014, but no suspected offenders were arrested; no progress was made in identifying victims among vulnerable groups or referring them to NGO-run protection service, which left trafficking victims subject to arrest and detention; no anti-trafficking public awareness or educational campaigns were conducted (2015)" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-07-01", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701102720/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html" } }, "american_samoa": { "data": { "name": "American Samoa", "introduction": { "background": "Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was not reached by European explorers until the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year." }, "geography": { "location": "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 14, "minutes": 20, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 170, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "Oceania", "area": { "total": { "value": 199, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 199, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes Rose Island and Swains Island", "global_rank": 216, "comparative": "slightly larger than Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 116, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_economic_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" } }, "climate": "tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation", "terrain": "five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Pacific Ocean", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Lata Mountain", "elevation": { "value": 964, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "pumice", "pumicite" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 21.7, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 13.3, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 8.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 78.3, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 0, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "typhoons common from December to March", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "limited volcanic activity on the Ofu and Olosega Islands; neither has erupted since the 19th century", "type": "volcanism" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "limited natural freshwater resources", "the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines" ] }, "note": "Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 54194, "global_rank": 208, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "American Samoan(s) (US nationals)", "adjective": "American Samoan" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Pacific Islander", "percent": 92.6, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Samoan", "percent": 88.9 }, { "name": "Tongan", "percent": 2.9 }, { "name": "other .8%" } ] }, { "name": "Asian", "percent": 3.6, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Filipino", "percent": 2.2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.4 } ] }, { "name": "mixed", "percent": 2.7 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.2 } ], "date": "2010" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Samoan", "percent": 88.6, "note": "closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages" }, { "name": "English", "percent": 3.9 }, { "name": "Tongan", "percent": 2.7 }, { "name": "other Pacific islander", "percent": 3 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.8 } ], "note": "most people are bilingual", "date": "2010" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Christian", "percent": 98.3 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1 }, { "name": "unaffiliated", "percent": 0.7 } ], "date": "2010" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 24.04, "males": 6381, "females": 6646 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 18.76, "males": 4983, "females": 5185 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 42.62, "males": 11907, "females": 11188 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 9.18, "males": 2438, "females": 2535 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 5.41, "males": 1342, "females": 1589 }, "date": "2016" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 29.4, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 29.9, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 28.8, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 121, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": -0.25, "global_rank": 217, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 22.9, "global_rank": 69, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 4.8, "global_rank": 196, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -20.6, "global_rank": 221, "date": "2016" }, "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 87.2, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": -0.13, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Pago Pago", "population": 48000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2014" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.06, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 0.96, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 0.96, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.06, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.96, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.85, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 8.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 10.9, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 148, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 75.4, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 72.4, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 78.5, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 2.87, "global_rank": 59, "date": "2016" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 62.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 62.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 62.5, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 37.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 37.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 37.5, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "note": "active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus", "date": "2016" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Territory of American Samoa", "conventional_short_form": "American Samoa", "abbreviation": "AS", "etymology": "the name Samoa is composed of two parts, \"sa\" meaning \"sacred\" and \"moa\" meaning \"center,\" so the name can mean Holy Center; alternatively, it can mean \"place of the sacred moa bird\" of Polynesian mythology" }, "government_type": "presidential democracy; a self-governing territory of the US", "capital": { "name": "Pago Pago", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 14, "minutes": 16, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 170, "minutes": 42, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": -11, "note": "6 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "note": "territory of the US" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Flag Day", "day": "17 April", "original_year": "1900" } ], "constitution": { "history": "adopted 17 October 1960; revised 1 July 1967; amended several times, last in 2013 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "mixed legal system of US common law and customary law", "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017)", "head_of_government": "Governor Lolo Matalasi MOLIGA (since 3 January 2013)", "cabinet": "Cabinet consists of 12 department directors appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislative Assembly", "elections_appointments": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as American Samoa, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held in November 2020)", "election_results": "Lolo Matalasi MOLIGA re-elected governor; percent of vote - Lolo Matalasi MOLIGA (independent) 60.2%, Faoa Aitofele SUNIA (Democratic Party) 35.8%" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (18 seats; members indirectly selected by regional governing councils to serve 4-year terms) and the House of Representatives (21 seats; 20 members directly elected by simple majority vote and 1 decided by public meeting on Swains Island; members serve 2-year terms)", "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 4 November 2014 (next to be held in November 2016); Senate - last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016)", "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 18; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 20", "note": "American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 4 November 2014 (next to be held on November 2016)" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "High Court of American Samoa (consists of the chief justice, associate chief justice, and 6 Samoan associate judges and organized into trial, family, drug, and appellate divisions); note - American Samoa has no US federal courts", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and associate chief justice appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior to serve for life; Samoan associate judges appointed by the governor to serve for life", "subordinate_courts": "district and village courts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Democratic Party", "leaders": [ "Oreta M. TOGAFAU" ] }, { "name": "Republican Party", "leaders": [ "Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO" ] } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "AOSIS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "Interpol ", "note": "subbureau" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "PIF ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "SPC" } ], "flag_description": { "description": "blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a \"fa'alaufa'i\" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a \"fue\" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the US and American Samoa" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "a fue crossed with a to'oto'o ", "note": "coconut fiber fly whisk; representing wisdom; staff; representing authority" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "white" }, { "color": "blue" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Amerika Samoa\" (American Samoa)", "lyrics_music": "Mariota Tiumalu TUIASOSOPO/Napoleon Andrew TUITELELEAPAGA", "note": "local anthem adopted 1950; as a territory of the United States, \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" is official (see United States)" } }, "economy": { "overview": "American Samoa has a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US with which American Samoa conducts most of its commerce. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector with canned tuna the primary export. The two tuna canneries accounted for 13.1% of employment in 2013.\n\nIn late September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami devastated American Samoa and nearby Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency oversaw a relief program of nearly $25 million. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being.\n\nAttempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector. In 2015, a new fish processing company completed refurbishing the processing facilities left behind by one of the two canneries that closed in 2009 and opened a new cannery. With two operating canneries once again, fish processing and exports will rise in the coming years.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 711000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 718000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 647000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 207 }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 748600000, "date": "2005" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -2.4, "units": "%", "date": "2013" }, { "value": -2.7, "units": "%", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 0.6, "units": "%", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 209 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 13000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 13100, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 11700, "units": "USD", "date": "2011" } ], "global_rank": 121 }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 54.6, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 52.8, "units": "%" }, "investment_if_fixed_capital": { "value": 2.7, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 2.3, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 54.4, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -66.8, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2012" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 27.4, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 12.4, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 60.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2012" } } }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "bananas", "coconuts", "vegetables", "taro", "breadfruit", "yams", "copra", "pineapples", "papayas", "dairy products", "livestock" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "tuna canneries", "largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels", "handicrafts" ] }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 16090, "global_rank": 214, "date": "2013" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "industry": { "value": 13.1, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 86.9, "units": "%" } }, "agriculture": "NA", "date": "2013" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 29.8, "units": "%", "date": "2005" } ], "global_rank": 192 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 241200000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 243700000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2013" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 32.2, "global_rank": 67, "date": "2013" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -0.3, "global_rank": 40, "date": "2013" }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 October", "end": "30 September" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.1, "units": "%", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 3.5, "units": "%", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 115 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 459000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 489000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 175 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "canned tuna" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "US", "percent": 100 } ] } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 564000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 508000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 192 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "raw materials for canneries", "food", "petroleum products", "machinery", "parts" ] } }, "exchange_rates": { "note": "the US dollar is used" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 22219, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 59, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 60, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 45, "units": "%" }, "date": "2012" }, "production": { "kWh": 200000000, "global_rank": 188, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 100000000, "global_rank": 200, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 121, "date": "2013" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 41000, "global_rank": 196, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 100, "global_rank": 36, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 43, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 94, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 160, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "global_rank": 106, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 116, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 2375, "global_rank": 191, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 155, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 2346, "global_rank": 186, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 155, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 118, "date": "2013" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 60, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 156, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 111, "date": "2014-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 600000, "global_rank": 177, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 10000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 18, "global_rank": 199, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "good telex, telegraph, facsimile, and cellular telephone services", "domestic": "domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station", "international": "country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat-Pacific Ocean)" } }, "broadcast_media": "3 TV stations; multi-channel pay TV services are available; about a dozen radio stations, some of which are repeater stations (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".as", "users": { "total": 17000, "percent_of_population": 31.3, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "airports": { "total": { "airports": 3, "global_rank": 192, "date": "2016" }, "paved": { "total": 3, "over_3047_metres": 1, "914_to_1523_metres": 1, "under_914_metres": 1, "date": "2013" } } }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 241, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 208, "date": "2008" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Pago Pago" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "note": "defense is the responsibility of the US" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution" ] } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-22", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170622190928/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aq.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170622000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aq.html" } }, "andorra": { "data": { "name": "Andorra", "introduction": { "background": "The landlocked Principality of Andorra is one of the smallest states in Europe, nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique coprincipality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern, constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.\nAndorra has become a popular tourist destination visited by approximately 8 million people each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of its effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment, and engaged in other reforms, such as advancing tax initiatives aimed at supporting a broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the organization and uses the euro as its national currency." }, "geography": { "location": "Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 42, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 1, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Europe", "area": { "total": { "value": 468, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 468, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 196, "comparative": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 118, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "France", "border_length": { "value": 55, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Spain", "border_length": { "value": 63, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 0, "units": "km", "note": "landlocked" }, "climate": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers", "terrain": "rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 1996, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Riu Runer", "elevation": { "value": 840, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Pic de Coma Pedrosa", "elevation": { "value": 2946, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "hydropower", "mineral water", "timber", "iron ore", "lead" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 43.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 5.5, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 37.9, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 34, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 22.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the 7 urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "avalanches", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "deforestation", "overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion", "air pollution", "wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Desertification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Ozone Layer Protection" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 85660, "global_rank": 201, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Andorran(s)", "adjective": "Andorran" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Andorran", "percent": 46.2 }, { "name": "Spanish", "percent": 26.4 }, { "name": "Portuguese", "percent": 12.8 }, { "name": "French", "percent": 5 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 9.6 } ], "date": "2016" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Catalan", "note": "official" }, { "name": "French" }, { "name": "Castilian" }, { "name": "Portuguese" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Roman Catholic", "note": "predominant" } ] }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 14.74, "males": 6476, "females": 6151 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 9.52, "males": 4236, "females": 3915 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 47.01, "males": 20614, "females": 19651 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 13.59, "males": 6229, "females": 5412 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 15.15, "males": 6566, "females": 6410 }, "date": "2016" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 43.7, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 43.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 43.5, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 13, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 0.07, "global_rank": 193, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 7.8, "global_rank": 223, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 7.1, "global_rank": 132, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 0, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the 7 urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 85.1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 0.14, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Andorra La Vella", "population": 23000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2014" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.07, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.08, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 1.15, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 1.02, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.06, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 3.6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 3.6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 3.6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 201, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 82.8, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 80.6, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 85.1, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 8, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.39, "global_rank": 212, "date": "2016" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 8.1, "global_rank": 53, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 3.69, "date": "2015" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 2.5, "date": "2009" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 32.1, "global_rank": 58, "date": "2014" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 3.1, "date": "2014" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Principality of Andorra", "conventional_short_form": "Andorra", "local_long_form": "Principat d'Andorra", "local_short_form": "Andorra", "etymology": "the origin of the country's name is obscure; since the area served as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century, the name may derive from the Arabic \"ad-darra\" meaning \"the forest\"" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain, who are represented in Andorra by the co-princes' representatives", "capital": { "name": "Andorra la Vella", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 42, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 1, "minutes": 31, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 1, "note": "6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time" }, "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, "independence": { "note": "formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Our Lady of Meritxell Day", "day": "8 September", "original_year": "1278" } ], "constitution": { "history": "drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993", "amendments": "proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces (2016)" }, "legal_system": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon law", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "25 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "French Coprince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017) ; represented by Jean-Pierre HUGUES (since 15 June 2016) and Spanish Coprince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAUN (since 20 July 2012)", "head_of_government": "Head of Government (or Cap de Govern) Antoni MARTI PETIT (since 12 May 2011)", "cabinet": "Executive Council designated by head of government", "elections_appointments": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the coprinces for a 4-year term; election last held on 31 March 2015 (next to be held in April 2019); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government", "election_results": "Antoni MARTI PETIT (DA) elected head of government; percent of General Council vote - 79%" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - each voter casts two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list", "elections": "last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in April 2019)", "election_results": "seats by party - percent of vote by party: DA 34.5%, PLA 25.0%, PS-VA-IC-independent coalition 21.3%, SDP 9.6%, invalid votes 9.5%; seats by party: DA 15, PLA 8, PS-VA-IC-independent coalition 3, SDP 2" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the Supreme Council of Justice, a 5-member judicial policy and administrative body appointed 1 each by the coprinces, 1 by the General Council, 1 by the executive council president, and 1 by the courts; judges serve 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional magistrates appointed 2 by the coprinces and 2 by the General Council; magistrates' appointments limited to 2 consecutive 8-year terms", "subordinate_courts": "Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Citizens' Initiative", "name_alternative": "IC", "leaders": [ "Sergi RICART" ], "note": "including PS, VA, IC, independents" }, { "name": "Democrats for Andorra", "name_alternative": "DA", "leaders": [ "Antoni MARTI PETIT" ] }, { "name": "Greens of Andorra", "name_alternative": "VA", "leaders": [ "Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ", "Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI" ] }, { "name": "Liberal Party", "name_alternative": "PLA", "leaders": [ "Jordi GALLARDO" ] }, { "name": "Social Democratic Party", "name_alternative": "PS", "leaders": [ "Vincenc ALAY FERRER" ] }, { "name": "Social Democratic Progress Party", "name_alternative": "SDP", "leaders": [ "Victor NAUDI ZAMORA" ] } ], "note": "there are also several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)" }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "CE" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "OIF" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "Union Latina" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WTO ", "note": "observer" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Elisenda VIVES BALMANA (since 2 March 2016)", "chancery": "2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017", "telephone": "[1] (212) 750-8064", "fax": "[1] (212) 750-6630" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection", "note": "similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem" }, "national_symbol": { "colors": [ { "color": "blue" }, { "color": "yellow" }, { "color": "red" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"El Gran Carlemany\" (The Great Charlemagne)", "lyrics_music": "Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS", "note": "adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first person narrative" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Andorra has a developed economy and a free market, with per capita income above the European average and above the level of its neighbors, Spain and France. The country has developed a sophisticated infrastructure including a one-of-a-kind micro-fiber-optic network for the entire country. Tourism, retail sales, and finance are the mainstays of Andorra's small economy, accounting for more than three-quarters of GDP. Andorra's duty-free status for some products and its summer and winter resorts attract millions of visitors annually, although the economic downturn in neighboring countries has curtailed the number of tourists. Andorra uses the euro and is effectively subject to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank. Andorra's comparative advantage as a tax haven eroded when the borders of neighboring France and Spain opened; its bank secrecy laws have been relaxed under pressure from the EU and OECD.\n\nAgricultural production is limited - only about 5% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported, making the economy vulnerable to changes in fuel and food prices. The principal livestock is sheep. Manufacturing output and exports consist mainly of perfumes and cosmetic products, products of the printing industry, electrical machinery and equipment, clothing, tobacco products, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.\n\nAndorra is open to, and actively seeking to attract, foreign investment. The Andorran economy is undergoing a process of diversification centered largely on the sectors of tourism, trade, property, and finance. To provide incentives for growth and diversification in the economy, the Andorran government began sweeping economic reforms in 2006. The Parliament approved three laws to complement the first phase of economic openness: on Companies (October 2007), on Business Accounting (December 2007), and on Foreign Investment (April 2008 and June 2012). From 2011 to 2015, the Parliament also approved direct taxes in the form taxes on corporations, on individual incomes of residents and non-residents, and on capital gains, savings, and economic activities. These regulations aim to establish a transparent, modern, and internationally comparable regulatory framework.\n\nThe principal objectives of the economic reform are to attract investment and businesses which can contribute most to Andorra’s economic development, offering greater diversification and contributing higher added value. Prior to 2008, when the first law on investment was approved, Andorra offered limited foreign investment opportunities largely due to concerns about the impact of foreign firms on such a small economy. As a consequence, non-citizens were allowed to own no more than 33% of a company. Only after residing in the country for a minimum of 20 years were foreigners entitled to own 100%.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3327000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 3363000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 3273000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 184, "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 2712000000, "date": "2012" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -1.1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.4, "units": "%", "date": "2014" }, { "value": -0.1, "units": "%", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 202 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 49900, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 51300, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 50300, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 25 }, "composition": { "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 11.9, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 33.6, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 54.5, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" } } }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "rye", "wheat", "barley", "oats", "vegetables", "tobacco", "sheep", "cattle" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "tourism particularly skiing", "banking", "timber", "furniture" ] }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 39750, "global_rank": 195, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 0.5, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 4.4, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 95.1, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3.7, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 4.1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 33 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 1872000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 2060000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 69, "global_rank": 5, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -6.9, "global_rank": 185, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 41, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 41.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 121 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -0.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": -0.1, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 7 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 78710000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 79570000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 197 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "tobacco products", "furniture" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Spain", "percent": 52.6 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 18.7 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 2.9 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1257000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1264000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 176 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "consumer goods", "food", "fuel", "electricity" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Spain", "percent": 63.6 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 15.8 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 3.1 } ] } }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" } ] }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.9214, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.885, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 0.885, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 0.7634, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 0.78, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "euros (EUR) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 99480000, "global_rank": 200, "date": "2015" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 221600000, "global_rank": 188, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "kWh": 6000, "global_rank": 99, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "kWh": 471300000, "global_rank": 82, "date": "2015" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 520000, "global_rank": 143, "date": "2010" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 61.3, "global_rank": 127, "date": "2010" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 41, "date": "2016" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 23.3, "global_rank": 87, "date": "2010" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "date": "2016" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "date": "2016" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "date": "2016" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "date": "2016" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "date": "2016" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 0, "date": "2016" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 0, "date": "2016" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "date": "2016" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "date": "2016" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 0, "date": "2016-01-01" } } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 38850, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 45, "global_rank": 168, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 71000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 83, "global_rank": 198, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "modern automatic telephone system", "domestic": "modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges", "international": "country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain (2016)" } }, "broadcast_media": "1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels available (2016)", "internet": { "country_code": ".ad", "users": { "total": 83000, "percent_of_population": 96.9, "global_rank": 176, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "C3", "date": "2016" } }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 320, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 205, "date": "2015" } }, "military_and_security": { "branches": { "by_name": [ "no regular military forces", "Police Corps of Andorra" ], "date": "2017" }, "note": "defense is the responsibility of France and Spain" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "none" ] } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-17", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170617101344/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/an.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170617000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/an.html" } }, "angola": { "data": { "name": "Angola", "introduction": { "background": "Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010 and was elected to a five year term as president in 2012." }, "geography": { "location": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 12, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 18, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Africa", "area": { "total": { "value": 1246700, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 1246700, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 23, "comparative": "about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 5369, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "border_length": { "value": 2646, "units": "km" }, "note": "of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province" }, { "country": "Republic of the Congo", "border_length": { "value": 231, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Namibia", "border_length": { "value": 1427, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Zambia", "border_length": { "value": 1065, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 1600, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "contiguous_zone": { "value": 24, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_economic_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" } }, "climate": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)", "terrain": "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 1112, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Atlantic Ocean", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Moca", "elevation": { "value": 2620, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "petroleum", "diamonds", "iron ore", "phosphates", "copper", "feldspar", "gold", "bauxite", "uranium" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 47.3, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 3.8, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.2, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 43.3, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 46.8, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 5.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 860, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures", "desertification", "deforestation of tropical rain forest", "in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel", "resulting in loss of biodiversity", "soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams", "inadequate supplies of potable water" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Law of the Sea", "Marine Dumping", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 20172332, "global_rank": 59, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Angolan(s)", "adjective": "Angolan" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Ovimbundu", "percent": 37 }, { "name": "Kimbundu", "percent": 25 }, { "name": "Bakongo", "percent": 13 }, { "name": "mestico", "percent": 2, "note": "mixed European and native African" }, { "name": "European", "percent": 1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 22 } ] }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Portuguese", "percent": 71.2, "note": "official" }, { "name": "Umbundu", "percent": 23 }, { "name": "Kikongo", "percent": 8.2 }, { "name": "Kimbundu", "percent": 7.8 }, { "name": "Chokwe", "percent": 6.5 }, { "name": "Nhaneca", "percent": 3.4 }, { "name": "Nganguela", "percent": 3.1 }, { "name": "Fiote", "percent": 2.4 }, { "name": "Kwanhama", "percent": 2.3 }, { "name": "Muhumbi", "percent": 2.1 }, { "name": "Luvale", "percent": 1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 3.6 } ], "note": "most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census", "date": "2014" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 41.1 }, { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 38.1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 8.6 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 12.3 } ], "date": "2014" }, "demographic_profile": "More than a decade after the end of Angola’s 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country’s rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, more than 40 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population. Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population – about 45% are under the age of 15 – is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use. Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola’s high maternal mortality rate.\nOf the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries. As of August 2014, about 73,000 Angolans were still living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Namibia, the Republic of the Congo, and other countries.", "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 42.72, "males": 4394206, "females": 4223246 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 20.72, "males": 2127140, "females": 2053363 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 29.6, "males": 3013561, "females": 2956547 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 3.97, "males": 388314, "females": 413347 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 2.99, "males": 278853, "females": 323755 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 99.9, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 95.2, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 4.6, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 21.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 18.2, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 18, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 18.3, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 213, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 2.72, "global_rank": 14, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 38.6, "global_rank": 9, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 11.3, "global_rank": 30, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -0.1, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2016" }, "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 44, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 4.97, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Luanda", "population": 5506000, "is_capital": true }, { "place": "Huambo", "population": 1269000 } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.02, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.94, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.86, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.02, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 19.4, "date": "2011" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 477, "global_rank": 25, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 76.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 80.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 72.6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 8, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 56, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 54.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 57.2, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 208, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 5.31, "global_rank": 9, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 17.7, "units": "%", "date": "2008" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 3.3, "global_rank": 172, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 0.14, "date": "2009" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 75.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 28.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 49, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 24.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 71.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 51, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 88.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 22.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 51.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 11.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 77.5, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 48.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 2.17, "global_rank": 25, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 315400, "global_rank": 21, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 11900, "global_rank": 20, "date": "2015" } }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "degree_of_risk": "very high", "food_or_waterborne_diseases": [ "bacterial diarrhea", "protozoal diarrhea", "hepatitis A", "typhoid fever" ], "vectorborne_diseases": [ "dengue fever", "malaria" ], "water_contact_diseases": [ "schistosomiasis" ], "animal_contact_diseases": [ "rabies" ], "date": "2016" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 8.5, "global_rank": 147, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 15.6, "global_rank": 45, "date": "2007" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 3.5, "global_rank": 127, "date": "2010" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 71.1, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 82, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 60.7, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 10, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 8, "units": "years" }, "date": "2011" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 832895, "percentage": { "value": 24, "units": "%" }, "date": "2001" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Angola", "conventional_short_form": "Angola", "local_long_form": "Republica de Angola", "local_short_form": "Angola", "former": "People's Republic of Angola", "etymology": "name derived by the Portuguese from the title \"ngola\" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)" }, "government_type": "presidential republic", "capital": { "name": "Luanda", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 8, "minutes": 50, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 13, "minutes": 13, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 1, "note": "6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1975-11-11", "note": "from Portugal" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Independence Day", "day": "11 November", "original_year": "1975" } ], "constitution": { "history": "previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "non-party state to the ICCt" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "10 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", "head_of_government": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", "elections_appointments": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, and the leader of the winning party becomes president", "election_results": "NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS elected president following legislative elections on 31 August 2012, inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)", "elections": "last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held on 23 August 2017)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms", "subordinate_courts": "provincial and municipal courts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition", "name_alternative": "CASA-CE", "leaders": [ "Abel CHIVUKUVUKU" ] }, { "name": "National Front for the Liberation of Angola", "name_alternative": "FNLA", "note": "there are two factions of the party; one is led by Lucas NGONDA; the other is led by Ngola KABANGU" }, { "name": "National Union for the Total Independence of Angola", "name_alternative": "UNITA", "leaders": [ "Isaias SAMAKUVA" ], "note": "largest opposition party" }, { "name": "Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola", "name_alternative": "MPLA", "leaders": [ "Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS" ], "note": "ruling party in power since 1975" }, { "name": "Social Renewal Party", "name_alternative": "PRS", "leaders": [ "Eduardo KUANGANA" ] } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Angolan Revolutionary Movement", "name_alternative": "ARM" }, { "name": "Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda", "name_alternative": "FLEC", "leaders": [ "N'zita Henriques TIAGO" ] } ], "note": "FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010" }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ACP" }, { "organization": "AfDB" }, { "organization": "AU" }, { "organization": "CEMAC" }, { "organization": "CPLP" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO ", "note": "correspondent" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM" }, { "organization": "OAS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OPEC" }, { "organization": "SADC" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UN Security Council ", "note": "temporary" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "Union Latina" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO (since 18 November 2014)", "chancery": "2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", "telephone": "[1] (202) 785-1156", "fax": "[1] (202) 822-9049", "consulates_general": "Houston, Los Angeles, New York" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Helen Meagher LA LIME (15 May 2014)", "embassy": "number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda, C.P. 6468", "mailing_address": "international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550", "telephone": "[244] 946440977", "fax": "[244] (222) 64-1000" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "Palanca Negra Gigante ", "note": "giant black sable antelope" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "black" }, { "color": "yellow" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Angola Avante\" (Forward Angola)", "lyrics_music": "Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO", "note": "adopted 1975", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AO.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported.\n\nIncreased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them.\n\nThe global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth. In particular, lower prices for oil and diamonds during the recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again in 2015-16.\n\nFalling oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy. Government spending in the run-up to the 2017 elections is likely to strain Luanda’s budget.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 189000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 187300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 181800000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 65, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 91940000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 3, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 4.8, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 180 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6800, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 7000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 7000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 156, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 72.5, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 18.1, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 10.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 35.3, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -36.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 10.2, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 61.4, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 28.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4.3, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 12.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 171 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "bananas", "sugarcane", "coffee", "sisal", "corn", "cotton", "cassava", "manioc", "tapioca", "tobacco", "vegetables", "plantains", "livestock", "forest products", "fish" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "petroleum", "diamonds", "iron ore", "phosphates", "feldspar", "bauxite", "uranium", "gold", "cement", "basic metal products", "fish processing", "food processing", "brewing", "tobacco products", "sugar", "textiles", "ship repair" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 0.9, "global_rank": 151, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 10850000, "global_rank": 52, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 85, "units": "%" }, "industry_and_services": { "value": 15, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2003" } }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 40.5, "units": "%", "date": "2006" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 0.6, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 44.7, "units": "%" }, "date": "2000" }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 27270000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 33500000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 29.7, "global_rank": 78, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -6.8, "global_rank": 184, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 57.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 57.3, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 74 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 26.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 10.3, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 221 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9, "units": "%", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 25, "units": "%", "date": "2010-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 34 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 30, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 16.88, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 8 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 24570000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 25270000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 64 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 38850000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 42150000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 77 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 12520000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 17180000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 98 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -4166000000.0000005, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -10270000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 169 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 30040000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 35550000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 59 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "crude oil", "diamonds", "refined petroleum products", "coffee", "sisal", "fish", "fish products", "timber", "cotton" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "China", "percent": 44.5 }, { "name": "India", "percent": 8.9 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 7.8 }, { "name": "Spain", "percent": 6.3 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 4.5 }, { "name": "South Africa", "percent": 4.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 19670000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 21150000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 71 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "electrical equipment", "vehicles", "spare parts", "medicines", "food", "textiles", "military goods" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "China", "percent": 22.4 }, { "name": "Portugal", "percent": 14 }, { "name": "South Korea", "percent": 11.2 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 7 }, { "name": "UK", "percent": 4.2 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 4.1 }, { "name": "South Africa", "percent": 4.1 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 20430000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 24080000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 58 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 37700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 33830000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 71 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 13010000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 10570000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 93 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 22800000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 22200000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 52 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 172, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 120.061, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 120.061, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 98.303, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 95.47, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 15000000, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 30, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 46, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 18, "units": "%" }, "date": "2013" }, "production": { "kWh": 9200000000, "global_rank": 103, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 8100000000, "global_rank": 102, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 120, "date": "2013" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 1700000, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 50.3, "global_rank": 144, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 42, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 49.7, "global_rank": 50, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 153, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 1842000, "global_rank": 14, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 1745000, "global_rank": 7, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 159, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 8400000000, "global_rank": 19, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 46050, "global_rank": 83, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 132000, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 33600, "global_rank": 63, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 97760, "global_rank": 56, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 731000000, "global_rank": 68, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 231000000, "global_rank": 102, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 500000000, "global_rank": 43, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 155, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 308000000000, "global_rank": 38, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 33000000, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 284925, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 1, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 13885000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 71, "global_rank": 69, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001", "domestic": "only about one fixed line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 71 telephones per 100 persons in 2015", "international": "country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".ao", "users": { "total": 2434000, "percent_of_population": 12.4, "global_rank": 81, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 10, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 55, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 1244491, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 46043000, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "D2", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 176, "global_rank": 32, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 31, "over_3047_metres": 7, "2438_to_3047_metres": 8, "1524_to_2437_metres": 12, "914_to_1523_metres": 4, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 145, "over_3047_metres": 2, "2438_to_3047_metres": 3, "1524_to_2437_metres": 31, "914_to_1523_metres": 66, "under_914_metres": 43, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 1, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "gas", "length": 352, "units": "km" }, { "type": "liquid petroleum gas", "length": 85, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil", "length": 1065, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil/gas/water", "length": 5, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2013" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 2852, "units": "km" }, "narrow_gauge": { "length": 2729, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.067-m" }, "global_rank": 60, "date": "2014" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 51429, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 5349, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 46080, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 77, "date": "2001" }, "waterways": { "value": 1300, "units": "km", "global_rank": 54, "date": "2011" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 7, "by_type": [ { "type": "cargo", "count": 1 }, { "type": "chemical tanker", "count": 1 }, { "type": "passenger/cargo", "count": 2 }, { "type": "petroleum tanker", "count": 2 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 1 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 1, "by_country": [ { "country": "Spain", "count": 1 } ] }, "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 17, "by_country": [ { "country": "Bahamas", "count": 6 }, { "country": "Curacao", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Cyprus", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Liberia", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Malta", "count": 7 } ] }, "global_rank": 123, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Cabinda", "Lobito", "Luanda", "Namibe" ], "liquid_natural_gas_terminals_export": [ "Angola Soyo" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3.52, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 5.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 4.88, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 3.59, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 3.5, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2011" } ], "global_rank": 13 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas", "FAA)", "Army", "Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola", "MGA)", "Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana", "FANA", "under operational control of the Army)" ], "date": "2012" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 20, "note": "20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers", "date": "2013" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "refugees": { "by_country": [ { "people": 12944, "country_of_origin": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" } ], "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624100326/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html" } }, "anguilla": { "data": { "name": "Anguilla", "introduction": { "background": "Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency." }, "geography": { "location": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 18, "minutes": 15, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 63, "minutes": 10, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "Central America and the Caribbean", "area": { "total": { "value": 91, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 91, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 227, "comparative": "about one-half the size of Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 61, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 3, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_fishing_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" } }, "climate": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds", "terrain": "flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Caribbean Sea", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Crocus Hill", "elevation": { "value": 65, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "salt", "fish", "lobster" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 61.1, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 38.9, "units": "%", "note": "mostly rock with some commercial salt ponds" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlmement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparce in the northeast", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system" ] }, "note": "the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 16752, "global_rank": 221, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Anguillan(s)", "adjective": "Anguillan" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "African/black", "percent": 85.3 }, { "name": "hispanic", "percent": 4.9 }, { "name": "mixed", "percent": 3.8 }, { "name": "white", "percent": 3.2 }, { "name": "East Indian/Indian", "percent": 1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.6 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.3 } ], "date": "2011" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "English", "note": "official" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 73.2, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Anglican", "percent": 22.7 }, { "name": "Methodist", "percent": 19.4 }, { "name": "Pentecostal", "percent": 10.5 }, { "name": "Seventh Day Adventist", "percent": 8.3 }, { "name": "Baptist", "percent": 7.1 }, { "name": "Church of God", "percent": 4.9 }, { "name": "Presbytarian", "percent": 0.2 }, { "name": "Brethren", "percent": 0.1 } ] }, { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 6.8 }, { "name": "Jehovah's Witness", "percent": 1.1 }, { "name": "other Christian", "percent": 10.9 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 3.2 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.3 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 4.5 } ], "date": "2011" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 22.48, "males": 1924, "females": 1842 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 14.05, "males": 1176, "females": 1178 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 44.32, "males": 3340, "females": 4084 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 10.51, "males": 834, "females": 926 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 8.64, "males": 719, "females": 729 }, "date": "2016" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 34.6, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 32.7, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 36.4, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 80, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 2, "global_rank": 48, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 12.7, "global_rank": 156, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 4.6, "global_rank": 202, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 11.9, "global_rank": 7, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "most of the population is concentrated in The Valley in the center of the island; settlmement is fairly uniform in the southwest, but rather sparce in the northeast", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 100, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 1.19, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "The Valley", "population": 1000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2014" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 0.82, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.9, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.91, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 3.4, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 3.8, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 2.9, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 208, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 81.4, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 78.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 84.1, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 24, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.75, "global_rank": 163, "date": "2016" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 94.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 94.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 5.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 5.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 97.9, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 97.9, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 2.1, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 2.1, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "note": "active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus", "date": "2016" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 2.8, "global_rank": 146, "date": "2008" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "none", "conventional_short_form": "Anguilla", "etymology": "the name Anguilla means \"eel\" in various Romance languages (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French) and likely derives from the island's lengthy shape" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (House of Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK", "capital": { "name": "The Valley", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 18, "minutes": 13, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 63, "minutes": 3, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": -4, "note": "1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "note": "overseas territory of the UK" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Anguilla Day", "day": "30 May", "original_year": "1967" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest 1 April 1982; amended 1990 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "common law based on the English model", "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Christina SCOTT (since 23 July 2013)", "head_of_government": "Chief Minister Hubert HUGHES (since 16 February 2010)", "cabinet": "Executive Council appointed by the governor from among elected members of the House of Assembly", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed chief minister by the governor" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats; seven members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, two appointed by the governor, and two ex officio members - the attorney general and deputy governor; members serve five-year terms)", "elections": "last held on 22 April 2015 (next to be held in 2015)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - AUF 54.4%, AUM 38.3%, DOVE 1.4%, independent 5.9%; seats by party - AUF 6, independent 1" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Anguilla; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the 9 member states; High Court judges reside in 7 member states, though none resides on Anguilla", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", "subordinate_courts": "Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Anguilla United Front", "name_alternative": "AUF", "leaders": [ "Victor BANKS" ], "note": "an alliance of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA" }, { "name": "Anguilla United Movement", "name_alternative": "AUM", "leaders": [ "Dr. Ellis WEBSTER" ] }, { "name": "Democracy, Opportunity, Vision, Empowerment Party", "name_alternative": "DOVE", "leaders": [ "Sutcliffe HODGE" ] } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "Caricom ", "note": "associate" }, { "organization": "CDB" }, { "organization": "Interpol ", "note": "subbureau" }, { "organization": "OECS" }, { "organization": "UNESCO ", "note": "associate" }, { "organization": "UPU" } ], "flag_description": { "description": "blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with a turquoise-blue field below; the white in the background represents peace; the blue base symbolizes the surrounding sea, as well as faith, youth, and hope; the three dolphins stand for endurance, unity, and strength" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "dolphin" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"God Bless Anguilla\"", "lyrics_music": "Alex RICHARDSON", "note": "local anthem adopted 1981; as a territory of the United Kingdom, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry has spurred the growth of the construction sector contributing to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 175400000, "units": "USD", "date": "2009" }, { "value": 191700000, "units": "USD", "date": "2008" }, { "value": 108900000, "units": "USD", "date": "2004" } ], "global_rank": 222 }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 175400000, "date": "2009" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -8.5, "units": "%", "date": "2009" } ], "global_rank": 220 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 12200, "units": "USD", "date": "2008" } ], "global_rank": 124 }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 69.8, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 14.9, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 20.4, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 43.1, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -48.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 2.3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 21, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 76.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "tobacco", "vegetables", "cattle" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "tourism", "boat building", "offshore financial services" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 2, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 6049, "global_rank": 219, "date": "2001" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture_fishing_forestry_mining": { "value": 4, "units": "%" }, "manufacturing": { "value": 3, "units": "%" }, "construction": { "value": 18, "units": "%" }, "transportation_and_utilities": { "value": 10, "units": "%" }, "commerce": { "value": 36, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 29, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2000" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8, "units": "%", "date": "2002" } ], "global_rank": 97 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 23, "units": "%", "date": "2002" }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 95070000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 86630000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 54.2, "global_rank": 1, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": 4.8, "global_rank": 1, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 20.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 20.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 169 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 April", "end": "31 March" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -0.3, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 22 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6.5, "units": "%", "date": "2010-12-31" }, { "value": 6.5, "units": "%", "date": "2009-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 52 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 9.1, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 93 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 28380000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 25980000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 191 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 409600000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 397800000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 187 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 427700000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 422500000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 177 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -50100000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": -46900000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 69 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5600000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 6000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 218 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "lobster", "fish", "livestock", "salt", "concrete blocks", "rum" ] } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 128300000.00000001, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 128600000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 214 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "fuels", "foodstuffs", "manufactures", "chemicals", "trucks", "textiles" ] } }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8800000, "units": "USD", "date": "1998" }, { "value": 41040000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 201 }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 6000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 37, "global_rank": 206, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 26000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 158, "global_rank": 209, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "modern internal telephone system", "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is about 35 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 160 per 100 persons", "international": "country code - 1-264; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin/Sint Maarten (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "1 private TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; about 10 radio stations, one of which is government-owned (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".ai", "users": { "total": 12000, "percent_of_population": 76, "global_rank": 208, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 2, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 3, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "VP-A", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 2, "global_rank": 197, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 1, "1524_to_2437_metres": 1, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 1, "under_914_metres": 1, "date": "2013" } } }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 175, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 82, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 93, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 211, "date": "2004" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Blowing Point", "Road Bay" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "note": "defense is the responsibility of the UK" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "none" ], "illicit_drugs": { "note": "transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624200948/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/av.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/av.html" } }, "antarctica": { "data": { "name": "Antarctica", "introduction": { "background": "Speculation over the existence of a \"southern land\" was not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic Circle. Not until 1840 was it established that Antarctica was indeed a continent and not merely a group of islands or an area of ocean. Several exploration \"firsts\" were achieved in the early 20th century, but generally the area saw little human activity. Following World War II, however, the continent experienced an upsurge in scientific research. A number of countries have set up a range of year-round and seasonal stations, camps, and refuges to support scientific research in Antarctica. Seven have made territorial claims, but not all countries recognize these claims. In order to form a legal framework for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial claims; signed in 1959, it entered into force in 1961." }, "geography": { "location": "continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 90, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 0, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Antarctic Region", "area": { "total": { "value": 14000000, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 14000000, "units": "sq km", "note": "280,000 sq km ice-free, 13.72 million sq km ice-covered est." }, "note": "fifth-largest continent, following Asia, Africa, North America, and South America, but larger than Australia and the subcontinent of Europe", "comparative": "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US" }, "land_boundaries": { "note": "see entry on Disputes - international" }, "coastline": { "value": 17968, "units": "km" }, "climate": "severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing", "terrain": "about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 m; mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 m; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 2300, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Bentley Subglacial Trench", "elevation": { "value": -2540, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Vinson Massif", "elevation": { "value": 4897, "units": "m" } }, "note": "the lowest known land point in Antarctica is hidden in the Bentley Subglacial Trench; at its surface is the deepest ice yet discovered and the world's lowest elevation not under seawater" }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "iron ore", "chromium", "copper", "gold", "nickel", "platinum", "other minerals", "coal", "hydrocarbons have been found in small noncommercial quantities; none presently exploited", "krill", "finfish", "crab" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 100, "units": "%", "note": "ice 98%, barren rock 2%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "other seismic activity rare and weak", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "large icebergs may calve from ice shelf", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "the discovery of a large Antarctic ozone hole in the earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer) - first announced in 1985 - spurred the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987", "an international agreement phasing out the use of ozone-depleting chemicals", "the ozone layer prevents most harmful wavelengths of ultra-violet (UV) light from passing through the earth's atmosphere", "ozone depletion has been shown to harm a variety of Antarctic marine plants and animals (plankton)", "in 2002", "significant areas of ice shelves disintegrated in response to regional warming", "in 2016", "a very gradual trend toward \"healing\" of the ozone hole was reported" ] }, "note": "the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period; mostly uninhabitable, 98% of the land area is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, the largest single mass of ice on earth" }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "none", "conventional_short_form": "Antarctica", "etymology": "name derived from two Greek words meaning \"opposite to the Arctic\" or \"opposite to the north\"" }, "government_type": "Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic region is governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty System; the system includes: 1. the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, which establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica, 2. Recommendations and Measures adopted at meetings of Antarctic Treaty countries, 3. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), 4. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980), and 5. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991); the 38th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Sofia, Bulgaria in May 2015; at these annual meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations; by January 2016, there were 53 treaty member nations: 29 consultative and 24 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others;\nAntarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK; nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998), China (1983/1985), Czech Republic (1962/2017), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), Iceland (2015), Kazakhstan (2015), North Korea (1987), Malaysia (2011), Monaco (2008), Mongolia (2015), Pakistan (2012), Papua New Guinea (1981), Portugal (2010), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993;\nArticle 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights;\nArticle 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations;\nother agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments; a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6) liability arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina", "legal_system": "Antarctica is administered through annual meetings - known as Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings - which include consultative member nations, non-consultative member nations, observer organizations, and expert organizations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; more generally, access to the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees south latitude, is subject to a number of relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty; note - US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extraterritorially; some US laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities unless authorized by regulation of statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica; violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans, Room 5805, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 292-8030, or visit its website at www.nsf.gov" }, "economy": { "overview": "Scientific undertakings rather than commercial pursuits are the predominant human activity in Antarctica. Offshore fishing and tourism, both based abroad, account for Antarctica's limited economic activity.\n\nAntarctic fisheries, targeting three main species - Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides and D. mawsoni), mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari), and krill (Euphausia superba) – reported landing 295,000 metric tons in 2013-14 (estimated fishing is from the area covered by the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), which extends slightly beyond the Antarctic Treaty area). Unregulated fishing, particularly of Patagonian toothfish (also known as Chilean sea bass), is an ongoing problem. The CCAMLR determines the recommended catch limits for marine species.\n\nA total of 36,702 tourists visited the Antarctic Treaty area in the 2014-15 Antarctic summer, slightly lower than the 37,405 visitors in 2013-14. These estimates were provided to the Antarctic Treaty by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) and do not include passengers on overflights. Nearly all of them were passengers on commercial (nongovernmental) ships and several yachts that make trips during the summer." }, "communications": { "telephones": { "system": { "general_assessment": "local systems at some research stations", "domestic": "commercial cellular networks operating in a small number of locations", "international": "country code - none allocated; via satellite (including mobile Inmarsat and Iridium systems) to and from all research stations, ships, aircraft, and most field parties (2015)" } }, "internet": { "country_code": ".aq", "users": { "total": 4400, "percent_of_population": 100, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "airports": { "total": { "airports": 23, "global_rank": 134, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 23, "over_3047_metres": 3, "2438_to_3047_metres": 5, "1524_to_2437_metres": 1, "914_to_1523_metres": 8, "under_914_metres": 6, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 53, "date": "2012" } }, "note": "US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E) and Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only except by permit (see Permit Office under \"Legal System\"); all ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states parties to the Antarctic Treaty regulating access to the Antarctic Treaty area to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees of latitude south have to be complied with (see \"Legal System\"); The Hydrographic Commission on Antarctica (HCA), a commission of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area" }, "military_and_security": { "note": "the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "the Antarctic Treaty freezes, and most states do not recognize, the land and maritime territorial claims made by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK (some overlapping) for three-fourths of the continent", "the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims", "no formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west", "the International Whaling Commission created a sanctuary around the entire continent to deter catches by countries claiming to conduct scientific whaling", "Australia has established a similar preserve in the waters around its territorial claim" ] } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-27", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170627020401/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170627000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html" } }, "antigua_and_barbuda": { "data": { "name": "Antigua And Barbuda", "introduction": { "background": "The Siboney were the first people to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981." }, "geography": { "location": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 17, "minutes": 3, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 61, "minutes": 48, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "Central America and the Caribbean", "area": { "total": { "value": 442.6, "units": "sq km", "note": "Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km" }, "land": { "value": 442.6, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km", "global_rank": 201, "comparative": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 153, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "contiguous_zone": { "value": 24, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_economic_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" }, "continental_shelf": { "value": 200, "units": "nm", "note": "or to the edge of the continental margin" } }, "climate": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation", "terrain": "mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Caribbean Sea", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Mount Obama", "elevation": { "value": 402, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "NEGL", "pleasant climate fosters tourism" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 20.5, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 9.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 2.3, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 9.1, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 22.3, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 57.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 1.3, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "the island of Antigua is home to approximately 97% of the population; nearly the entire population of Barbuda lives in Codrington", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "periodic droughts", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "water management - a major concern because of limited natural freshwater resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production", "causing rainfall to run off quickly" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Environmental Modification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Marine Dumping", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Wetlands", "Whaling" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 93581, "global_rank": 198, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)", "adjective": "Antiguan, Barbudan" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "black", "percent": 87.3 }, { "name": "mixed", "percent": 4.7 }, { "name": "hispanic", "percent": 2.7 }, { "name": "white", "percent": 1.6 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 2.7 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.9 } ], "date": "2011" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "English", "note": "official" }, { "name": "Antiguan creole" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 68.3, "breakdown": [ { "name": "Anglican", "percent": 17.6 }, { "name": "Seventh Day Adventist", "percent": 12.4 }, { "name": "Pentecostal", "percent": 12.2 }, { "name": "Moravian", "percent": 8.3 }, { "name": "Methodist", "percent": 5.6 }, { "name": "Wesleyan Holiness", "percent": 4.5 }, { "name": "Church of God", "percent": 4.1 }, { "name": "Baptist", "percent": 3.6 } ] }, { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 8.2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 12.2 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 5.5 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 5.9 } ], "date": "2011" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 23.36, "males": 11107, "females": 10754 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 17, "males": 7918, "females": 7992 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 42.31, "males": 18085, "females": 21509 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 9.53, "males": 4021, "females": 4894 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 7.8, "males": 3136, "females": 4165 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 45.7, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 35.2, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 10.4, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 9.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 31.6, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 29.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 33.2, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 103, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 1.23, "global_rank": 93, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 15.8, "global_rank": 120, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 5.7, "global_rank": 172, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 2.2, "global_rank": 47, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "the island of Antigua is home to approximately 97% of the population; nearly the entire population of Barbuda lives in Codrington", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 23.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": -0.95, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Saint John'S", "population": 22000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2014" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 0.99, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 0.84, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.82, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.76, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.9, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 12.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 14.4, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 10.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 76.5, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 74.4, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 78.8, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 86, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 2.01, "global_rank": 118, "date": "2016" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 5.5, "global_rank": 134, "date": "2014" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 2.1, "date": "2011" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 97.9, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 97.9, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 97.9, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 2.1, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 2.1, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 2.1, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 91.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 91.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 91.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 8.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 8.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 8.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2011" }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "note": "active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus", "date": "2016" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 31, "global_rank": 52, "date": "2014" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 2.6, "global_rank": 159, "date": "2009" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling", "total_population": { "value": 99, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 98.4, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 99.4, "units": "%" }, "date": "2012" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 14, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 15, "units": "years" }, "date": "2012" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "none", "conventional_short_form": "Antigua and Barbuda", "etymology": "\"antiguo\" is Spanish for \"ancient\" or \"old\"; the island was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1493 and, according to tradition, named by him after the church of Santa Maria la Antigua (Old Saint Mary's) in Seville; \"barbuda\" is Spanish for \"bearded\" and the adjective may refer to the alleged beards of the indigenous people or to the island's bearded fig trees" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "capital": { "name": "Saint John's", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 17, "minutes": 7, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 61, "minutes": 51, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": -4, "note": "1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "administrative_divisions": [ { "name": "Barbuda", "type": "dependency" }, { "name": "Redonda", "type": "dependency" }, { "name": "Saint George", "type": "parish" }, { "name": "Saint John", "type": "parish" }, { "name": "Saint Mary", "type": "parish" }, { "name": "Saint Paul", "type": "parish" }, { "name": "Saint Peter", "type": "parish" }, { "name": "Saint Philip", "type": "parish" } ], "independence": { "date": "1981-11-01", "note": "from the UK" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Independence Day", "day": "1 November", "original_year": "1981" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest presented 31 July 1981, effective 31 October 1981 (Antigua and Barbuda Constitutional Order 1981); amended 2009, 2011 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "common law based on the English model", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "yes", "citizenship_by_descent": "yes", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "yes", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "7 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Rodney WILLIAMS (since 14 August 2014)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Gaston BROWNE (since 13 June 2014)", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)", "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 12 June 2014 (next to be held in 2019)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - ALP 56.4% UPP 42%; seats by party - ALP 14, UPP 3" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Antigua and Barbuda; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 19 judges; 2 High Court judges reside on Antigua and Barbuda", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", "subordinate_courts": "Industrial Court; Magistrates' Courts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Antigua Labor Party", "name_alternative": "ALP", "leaders": [ "Gaston BROWNE" ] }, { "name": "Barbuda People's Movement", "name_alternative": "BPM", "leaders": [ "Trevor WALKER" ] }, { "name": "Barbuda People's Movement for Change", "leaders": [ "Arthur NIBBS" ] }, { "name": "Barbudans for a Better Barbuda", "leaders": [ "Ordrick SAMUEL" ] }, { "name": "United Progressive Party", "name_alternative": "UPP", "leaders": [ "W. Baldwin SPENCER" ], "note": "a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP" } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Antigua Trades and Labor Union", "name_alternative": "ATLU", "leaders": [ "Wigley GEORGE" ] }, { "name": "People's Democratic Movement", "name_alternative": "PDM", "leaders": [ "Hugh MARSHALL" ] } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ACP" }, { "organization": "AOSIS" }, { "organization": "C" }, { "organization": "Caricom" }, { "organization": "CDB" }, { "organization": "CELAC" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "IMSO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "ISO ", "note": "subscriber" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OAS" }, { "organization": "OECS" }, { "organization": "OPANAL" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "Petrocaribe" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sir Ronald SANDERS (since 17 September 2015)", "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", "telephone": "[1] (202) 362-5122", "fax": "[1] (202) 362-5525", "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band; the sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era, black represents the African heritage of most of the population, blue is for hope, and red is for the dynamism of the people; the \"V\" stands for victory; the successive yellow, blue, and white coloring is also meant to evoke the country's tourist attractions of sun, sea, and sand" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "fallow deer" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "white" }, { "color": "blue" }, { "color": "black" }, { "color": "yellow" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee\"", "lyrics_music": "Novelle Hamilton RICHARDS/Walter Garnet Picart CHAMBERS", "note": "adopted 1967; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AC.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components.\n\nLike other countries in the region, Antigua's economy was severely hit by effects of the global economic recession in 2009. The country suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009 and 2011. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels.\n\nProspects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and could be disrupted by potential damage from natural disasters. The new government, elected in 2014 and led by Prime Minister Gaston Browne, continues to face significant fiscal challenges. The government places some hope in a new Citizenship by Investment Program to both reduce public debt levels and spur growth.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2171000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2128000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 2084000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 193, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 1303000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.2, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 4.2, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 138 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 24100, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 23900, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 23700, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 78, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 65, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 16.9, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 23.2, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0.1, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 35.2, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -40.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 2.2, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 17.8, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 80, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 14.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 13.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 10.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 120 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "cotton", "fruits", "vegetables", "bananas", "coconuts", "cucumbers", "mangoes", "sugarcane", "livestock" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "tourism", "construction", "light manufacturing", "clothing", "alcohol", "household appliances" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 3.2, "global_rank": 74, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 30000, "global_rank": 204, "date": "1991" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 7, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 11, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 82, "units": "%" } }, "date": "1983" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 11, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 130 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 279100000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 301700000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 21.4, "global_rank": 136, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -1.7, "global_rank": 69, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 89, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 130, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2010" } ], "global_rank": 24 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 April", "end": "31 March" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.6, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 101 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6.5, "units": "%", "date": "2010-12-31" }, { "value": 6.5, "units": "%", "date": "2009-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 57 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 9.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 84 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 275900000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 257100000.00000003, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 178 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1183000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1149000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 170 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 888900000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 888900000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 163 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -83000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -71000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 72 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 61700000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 61000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 199 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "petroleum products", "bedding", "handicrafts", "electronic components", "transport equipment", "food", "live animals" ] } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 482100000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 482500000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 194 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "food", "live animals", "machinery", "transport equipment", "manufactures", "chemicals", "oil" ] } }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 441200000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012-12-31" }, { "value": 458000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2010-06-01" } ], "global_rank": 182 }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 9358, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 91, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 80, "units": "%" }, "date": "2012" }, "production": { "kWh": 300000000, "global_rank": 176, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 300000000, "global_rank": 179, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 101, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 118, "date": "2013" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 84000, "global_rank": 181, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 100, "global_rank": 1, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 35, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 214, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 149, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 102, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 91, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 153, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "global_rank": 103, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 113, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 5000, "global_rank": 177, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 91, "global_rank": 122, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 4884, "global_rank": 168, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 153, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2013" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 56, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 151, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 109, "date": "2014-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 600000, "global_rank": 178, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 12000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 13, "global_rank": 172, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 126000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 136, "global_rank": 189, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "good automatic telephone system", "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 15 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 135 per 100 persons", "international": "country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe (France) (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; ABS operates 1 radio station; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on multiple frequencies (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".ag", "users": { "total": 60000, "percent_of_population": 65.2, "global_rank": 174, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 1, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 9, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 1039809, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 526545, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "V2", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 3, "global_rank": 193, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 2, "2438_to_3047_metres": 1, "under_914_metres": 1, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 1, "under_914_metres": 1, "date": "2013" } } }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 1170, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 386, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 784, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 183, "date": "2011" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 1257, "by_type": [ { "type": "bulk carrier", "count": 49 }, { "type": "cargo", "count": 753 }, { "type": "carrier", "count": 6 }, { "type": "chemical tanker", "count": 4 }, { "type": "container", "count": 407 }, { "type": "liquefied gas", "count": 12 }, { "type": "refrigerated cargo", "count": 7 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 17 }, { "type": "vehicle carrier", "count": 2 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 1215, "by_country": [ { "country": "Albania", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Colombia", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Denmark", "count": 20 }, { "country": "Estonia", "count": 10 }, { "country": "Germany", "count": 1094 }, { "country": "Greece", "count": 4 }, { "country": "Iceland", "count": 10 }, { "country": "Latvia", "count": 16 }, { "country": "Lithuania", "count": 3 }, { "country": "Mexico", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Netherlands", "count": 17 }, { "country": "Norway", "count": 9 }, { "country": "NZ", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Poland", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Russia", "count": 3 }, { "country": "Switzerland", "count": 7 }, { "country": "Turkey", "count": 7 }, { "country": "UK", "count": 1 }, { "country": "US", "count": 7 } ] }, "global_rank": 9, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Saint John's" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "branches": { "by_name": [ "Ministry of National Security", "Royal Antigua", "Barbuda Defense Force (includes Antigua", "Barbuda Coast Guard)" ], "date": "2012" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 18, "note": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Governor-General has powers to call up men for national service and set the age at which they could be called up", "date": "2012" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "none" ], "trafficking_in_persons": { "current_situation": "Antigua and Barbuda is a destination and transit country for adults and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; forced prostitution has been reported in bars, taverns, and brothels, while forced labor occurs in domestic service and the retail sector", "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List – Antigua and Barbuda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government made no discernible progress in convicting traffickers in 2014 but charged two individuals in separate cases; efforts to convict traffickers have been impeded by a 2014 ruling that found the 2010 anti-trafficking act was unconstitutional because jurisdiction rests with the Magistrate’s Court rather than the High Court; no new prosecutions, convictions, or punishments were recorded in 2014; credible sources have raised concerns about trafficking-related complicity among some off-duty police officers, which could hinder investigations or victims willingness to report offenses; prevention efforts were sustained, but progress in protecting victims was uneven; seven victims were assisted, which was an increase over 2013 (2015)" }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624100655/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html" } }, "arctic_ocean": { "data": { "name": "Arctic Ocean", "introduction": { "background": "The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. In recent years the polar ice pack has receded in the summer allowing for increased navigation and raising the possibility of future sovereignty and shipping disputes among the six countries bordering the Arctic Ocean (Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, Norway, Russia, US)." }, "geography": { "location": "body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 90, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 0, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Arctic Region", "area": { "total": { "value": 14056000, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies", "comparative": "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US" }, "coastline": { "value": 45389, "units": "km" }, "climate": "polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow", "terrain": "central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 m thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)", "elevation": { "mean_depth": { "value": -1205, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Molloy Deep", "elevation": { "value": -5607, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "sea level", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "sand", "gravel aggregates", "placer deposits", "polymetallic nodules", "oil", "gas fields", "fish", "marine mammals", "seals", "whales" ] }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "permafrost in islands", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "virtually ice locked from October to June", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "endangered marine species include walruses and whales", "fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage", "thinning polar icepack" ] }, "note": "major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months" }, "government": { "country_name": { "etymology": "the name Arctic comes from the Greek word \"arktikos\" meaning \"near the bear\" or \"northern,\" and that word derives from \"arktos,\" meaning \"bear\"; the name refers either to the constellation Ursa Major, the \"Great Bear,\" which is prominent in the northern celestial sphere, or to the constellation Ursa Minor, the \"Little Bear,\" which contains Polaris, the North (Pole) Star" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals." }, "transportation": { "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Churchill (Canada)", "Murmansk (Russia)", "Prudhoe Bay (US)" ] }, "note": "sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Canada and the US dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf", "Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission", "record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has renewed interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor exploration", "Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010" ] } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-17", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170617043626/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xq.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170617000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xq.html" } }, "argentina": { "data": { "name": "Argentina", "introduction": { "background": "In 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political conflict between Federalists and Unitarians and between civilian and military factions.\nAfter World War II, an era of Peronist populism and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Nestor and Cristina FERNANDEZ de KIRCHNER, whose policies isolated Argentina and caused economic stagnation. With the election of Mauricio MACRI in November 2015, Argentina began a period of reform and international reintegration." }, "geography": { "location": "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 34, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 64, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "South America", "area": { "total": { "value": 2780400, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 2736690, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 43710, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 8, "comparative": "slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 11968, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Bolivia", "border_length": { "value": 942, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Brazil", "border_length": { "value": 1263, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Chile", "border_length": { "value": 6691, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Paraguay", "border_length": { "value": 2531, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Uruguay", "border_length": { "value": 541, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 4989, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "contiguous_zone": { "value": 24, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_economic_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" }, "continental_shelf": { "value": 200, "units": "nm", "note": "or to the edge of the continental margin" } }, "climate": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest", "terrain": "rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 595, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Laguna del Carbon", "elevation": { "value": -105, "units": "m" }, "note": "located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz" }, "highest_point": { "name": "Cerro Aconcagua", "elevation": { "value": 6960, "units": "m" }, "note": "located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America" } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "fertile plains of the pampas", "lead", "zinc", "tin", "copper", "iron ore", "manganese", "petroleum", "uranium", "arable land" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 53.9, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 13.9, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 39.6, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 10.7, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 35.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 23600, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "heavy flooding in some areas", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (elev. 2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma", "type": "volcanism" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation", "soil degradation", "desertification", "air pollution", "and water pollution\nnote: Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol", "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources", "Antarctic Seals", "Antarctic Treaty", "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Environmental Modification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Marine Dumping", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Wetlands", "Whaling" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [ "Marine Life Conservation" ] } }, "note": "second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 43886748, "global_rank": 33, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Argentine(s)", "adjective": "Argentine" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "European and mestizo", "percent": 97.2, "note": "mostly Spanish and Italian descent; mixed European and Amerindian ancestry" }, { "name": "Amerindian", "percent": 2.4 }, { "name": "African", "percent": 0.4 } ], "date": "2010" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Spanish", "note": "official" }, { "name": "Italian" }, { "name": "English" }, { "name": "German" }, { "name": "French" }, { "name": "indigenous", "note": "Mapudungun, Quechua" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "nominally Roman Catholic", "percent": 92, "breakdown": [ { "name": "less than practicing", "percent": 20 } ] }, { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 2 }, { "name": "Jewish", "percent": 2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 4 } ] }, "demographic_profile": "Argentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate. Argentina's fertility decline began earlier than in the rest of Latin America, occurring most rapidly between the early 20th century and the 1950s and then becoming more gradual. Life expectancy has been improving, most notably among the young and the poor. While the population under age 15 is shrinking, the youth cohort - ages 15-24 - is the largest in Argentina's history and will continue to bolster the working-age population. If this large working-age population is well-educated and gainfully employed, Argentina is likely to experience an economic boost and possibly higher per capita savings and investment. Although literacy and primary school enrollment are nearly universal, grade repetition is problematic and secondary school completion is low. Both of these issues vary widely by region and socioeconomic group.\nArgentina has been primarily a country of immigration for most of its history, welcoming European immigrants after its independence in the 19th century and attracting especially large numbers from Spain and Italy. European immigration diminished in the 1950s, when Argentina's military dictatorships tightened immigration rules and European economies rebounded. Regional migration, however, continued to supply low-skilled workers and today it accounts for three-quarters of Argentina's immigrant population. The first waves of highly skilled Argentine emigrant workers headed mainly to the United States and Spain in the 1960s and 1970s. The 2008 European economic crisis drove the return migration of some Argentinean and other Latin American nationals, as well as the immigration of Europeans to South America, where Argentina was a key recipient.", "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 24.72, "males": 5590165, "females": 5259163 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 15.43, "males": 3461288, "females": 3312056 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 39.24, "males": 8593500, "females": 8627846 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 9.14, "males": 1948179, "females": 2064463 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 11.46, "males": 2104830, "females": 2925258 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 56.5, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 39.4, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 17.1, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 5.8, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 31.5, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 30.3, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 32.7, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 0.93, "global_rank": 121, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 17, "global_rank": 108, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 7.5, "global_rank": 114, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -0.1, "global_rank": 110, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 91.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 1.04, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Buenos Aires", "population": 15180000, "is_capital": true }, { "place": "Cordoba", "population": 1511000 }, { "place": "Rosario", "population": 1381000 }, { "place": "Mendoza", "population": 1008999.9999999999 }, { "place": "San Miguel De Tucuman", "population": 910000 }, { "place": "La Plata", "population": 846000 } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.06, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.94, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.71, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 52, "global_rank": 84, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 10.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 11, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 9, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 134, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 77.1, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 74, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 80.4, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 77, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 2.28, "global_rank": 93, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 61.3, "units": "%", "date": "2013" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 4.8, "global_rank": 52, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 3.76, "date": "2013" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 4.7, "date": "2012" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 99, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 99.1, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 1, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0.9, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 96.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 98.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 96.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 3.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 1.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 3.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.39, "global_rank": 69, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 109700, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 2300, "global_rank": 60, "date": "2015" } }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "note": "active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus", "date": "2016" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 26.5, "global_rank": 29, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 2.3, "global_rank": 119, "date": "2005" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 5.5, "global_rank": 32, "date": "2014" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 10 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 98.1, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 98, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 98.1, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 17, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 16, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 18, "units": "years" }, "date": "2014" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 435252, "percentage": { "value": 7, "units": "%" }, "note": "data represent children ages 5-13", "date": "2003" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 18.8, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 16.7, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 22.4, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 63, "date": "2014" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Argentine Republic", "conventional_short_form": "Argentina", "local_long_form": "Republica Argentina", "local_short_form": "Argentina", "etymology": "originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., \"Land beside the Silvery River\" or \"silvery land,\" which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Rio de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or \"silvery\"" }, "government_type": "presidential republic", "capital": { "name": "Buenos Aires", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 34, "minutes": 36, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 58, "minutes": 22, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": -3, "note": "2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1816-07-09", "note": "from Spain" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Revolution Day", "day": "25 May", "original_year": "1810", "note": "May Revolution Day" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853; amended many times, last in 1994 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - in mid-2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "yes", "citizenship_by_descent": "yes", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "yes", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "2 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": true, "note": "18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age - optional for national elections" }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President Mauricio MACRI (since 10 December 2015); Vice President Gabriela MICHETTI (since 10 December 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", "head_of_government": "President Mauricio MACRI (since 10 December 2015); Vice President Gabriela MICHETTI (since 10 December 2015)", "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", "elections_appointments": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held in 2 rounds on 25 October and 22 November 2015 (next to be held in October 2019)", "election_results": "Mauricio MACRI elected president; percent of vote: first-round results - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; second-round results - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership elected every 2 years) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)", "elections": "Senate - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held October 2017); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held October 2017)", "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - Cambiemos 12, FpV 8, PF 2, Progresistas 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 84, Cambiemos 21, Progresistas 9, FR and allies 8, Federal Peronism 3, PP 3, other 2" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice-president, and 5 judges)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 75", "subordinate_courts": "federal level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial level supreme, appellate, and first instance courts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Cambiemos ", "leaders": [ "Mauricio MACRI" ], "note": "a coalition composed of CC, PRO, UCR" }, { "name": "Civic Coalition-ARI", "name_alternative": "CC-ARI", "note": "a coalition loosely affiliated with Elisa CARRIO" }, { "name": "Dissident Peronists", "name_alternative": "Federal Peronism", "leaders": [ "Eduardo DUHALDE" ], "note": "PJ Disidente; a right-wing faction of the Justicialist Party opposed to the Kirchners" }, { "name": "Front for Victory", "name_alternative": "FpV", "leaders": [ "Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER" ], "note": "left-wing faction of PJ" }, { "name": "Justicialist Party", "name_alternative": "PJ", "leaders": [ "Jose Luis GIOJA" ] }, { "name": "Progresistas", "leaders": [ "Margarita STOLBIZER" ] }, { "name": "Radical Civic Union", "name_alternative": "UCR", "leaders": [ "Lilia PUIG DE STUBRIN" ] }, { "name": "Republican Proposal", "name_alternative": "PRO", "leaders": [ "Mauricio MACRI" ] }, { "name": "Socialist Party", "name_alternative": "PS", "leaders": [ "Antonio BONFATTI" ] }, { "name": "Renewal Front", "name_alternative": "FR", "leaders": [ "Sergio MASSA" ], "note": "Frente Renovador" }, { "name": "Numerous provincial parties" } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs", "name_alternative": "CILFA" }, { "name": "Argentine Industrial Union ", "note": "manufacturers' association" }, { "name": "Argentine Rural Confederation", "name_alternative": "CRA", "note": "small to medium landowners' association" }, { "name": "Argentine Rural Society ", "note": "large landowners' association" }, { "name": "Blue and White CGT ", "note": "dissident CGT labor confederation" }, { "name": "Central of Argentine Workers", "name_alternative": "CTA", "note": "a union for employed and unemployed workers" }, { "name": "General Confederation of Labor", "name_alternative": "CGT", "note": "Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization" }, { "name": "Roman Catholic Church" }, { "name": "business organizations" }, { "name": "Peronist-dominated labor movement" }, { "name": "Piquetero groups", "note": "popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government" }, { "name": "students" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "AfDB ", "note": "nonregional member" }, { "organization": "Australia Group" }, { "organization": "BCIE" }, { "organization": "BIS" }, { "organization": "CAN ", "note": "associate" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "CELAC" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "FATF" }, { "organization": "G-15" }, { "organization": "G-20" }, { "organization": "G-24" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "IADB" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "national committees" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "IHO" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "IMSO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "LAES" }, { "organization": "LAIA" }, { "organization": "Mercosur" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "MINURSO" }, { "organization": "MINUSTAH" }, { "organization": "NAM ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "NSG" }, { "organization": "OAS" }, { "organization": "OPANAL" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "Paris Club ", "note": "associate" }, { "organization": "PCA" }, { "organization": "SICA ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UN Security Council ", "note": "temporary" }, { "organization": "UNASUR" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNFICYP" }, { "organization": "UNHCR" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "Union Latina ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "UNTSO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" }, { "organization": "ZC" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant)", "chancery": "1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", "telephone": "[1] (202) 238-6400", "fax": "[1] (202) 332-3171", "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington, DC" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Tom COONEY (since 20 January 2017)", "embassy": "Avenida Colombia 4300, C1425GMN Buenos Aires", "mailing_address": "international mail: use embassy street address; APO address: US Embassy Buenos Aires, Unit 4334, APO AA 34034", "telephone": "[54] (11) 5777-4533", "fax": "[54] (11) 5777-4240" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), white, and sky blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face (delineated in brown) known as the Sun of May; the colors represent the clear skies and snow of the Andes; the sun symbol commemorates the appearance of the sun through cloudy skies on 25 May 1810 during the first mass demonstration in favor of independence; the sun features are those of Inti, the Inca god of the sun" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "Sun of May ", "note": "a sun-with-face symbol" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "sky blue" }, { "color": "white" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Himno Nacional Argentino\" (Argentine National Anthem)", "lyrics_music": "Vicente LOPEZ y PLANES/Jose Blas PARERA", "note": "adopted 1813; Vicente LOPEZ was inspired to write the anthem after watching a play about the 1810 May Revolution against Spain", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AR.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. In 2016, the World Bank downgraded Argentina from a high-income to upper-middle-income economy, on par with Columbia.\n\nA severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - at the time the largest ever - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines below the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data.\n\nCristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as president in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but slowed in late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which kept inflation in the double digits.\n\nIn order to deal with these problems, the government expanded state intervention in the economy: it nationalized the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol, expanded measures to restrict imports, and further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves.\n\nWith the election of President Mauricio MACRI in November 2015, Argentina began a historic political and economic transformation, as his Administration took steps to liberalize the Argentine economy. His administration lifted capital controls, floated the peso, removed export controls on some commodities, cut some energy subsidies, and reformed the country’s official statistics. Argentina negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors and returned to international capital markets in April 2016. In September 2016, Argentina completed its first IMF Article IV Consultation since 2006.\n\nAfter years of international isolation, Argentina has taken on several international leadership roles in 2017, including hosting the World Economic Forum on Latin America and the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, and is set to assume the presidency of the G-20 in 2018.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 879400000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 895200000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 873700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 27, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 541700000000.00006, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -1.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": -2.5, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 206 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 20200, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 20800, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 20500, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 86, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 63.7, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 19.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 16, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 1.7, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 13.2, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -13.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 11.4, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 30.2, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 58.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 14.2, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 14.3, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 15.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 124 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "sunflower seeds", "lemons", "soybeans", "grapes", "corn", "tobacco", "peanuts", "tea", "wheat", "livestock" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "food processing", "motor vehicles", "consumer durables", "textiles", "chemicals", "petrochemicals", "printing", "metallurgy", "steel" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 1.7, "global_rank": 118, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 17710000, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 0.5, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 24.8, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 74.7, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2014" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 7.6, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 98 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 32.2, "units": "%", "note": "data are based on private estimates", "date": "2016" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 1.6, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 30.8, "units": "%" }, "date": "2014" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 42.7, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 45.8, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2009" } ], "global_rank": 49 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 115900000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 141700000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 21.4, "global_rank": 135, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -4.8, "global_rank": 156, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 53.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 50.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 83 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 42.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 26.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 223, "note": "data are derived from private estimates" }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 32.3, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 24.92, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 4 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 54200000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 52300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 49 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 150300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 138600000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 49 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 200800000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 182200000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 46 }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 56130000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 60140000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 53100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 48 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -14170000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -16800000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 186 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 58400000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 56760000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 43 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "soybeans", "derivatives", "petroleum", "gas", "vehicles", "corn", "wheat" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Brazil", "percent": 17.8 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 9.1 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 6 }, { "name": "Chile", "percent": 4.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 57230000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 57180000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 45 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "motor vehicles", "petroleum", "natural gas", "organic chemicals", "plastics" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Brazil", "percent": 21.9 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 19.7 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 12.9 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 5.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 32110000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 25520000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 47 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 155100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 136100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 40 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 103700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 94190000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 45 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 37970000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 37030000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 48 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 14.92, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 9.2332, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 9.2332, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 8.0753, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 4.54, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 1500000, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 96.4, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 99.2, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 96, "units": "%" }, "date": "2013" }, "production": { "kWh": 126000000000, "global_rank": 30, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 116000000000, "global_rank": 31, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 200000000, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "kWh": 10000000000, "global_rank": 23, "date": "2014" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 36000000, "global_rank": 29, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 68.1, "global_rank": 114, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 2.7, "global_rank": 28, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 26, "global_rank": 85, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0.4, "global_rank": 107, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 532200, "global_rank": 28, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 37690, "global_rank": 47, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 7460, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 2400000000, "global_rank": 36, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 670900, "global_rank": 27, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 751000, "global_rank": 28, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 63060, "global_rank": 52, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 109900, "global_rank": 51, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 35400000000, "global_rank": 25, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 47230000000, "global_rank": 19, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 70000000, "global_rank": 48, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 11900000000, "global_rank": 23, "date": "2014" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 332100000000, "global_rank": 36, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 202000000, "global_rank": 29, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 10119920, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 23, "global_rank": 21, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 60664000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 140, "global_rank": 23, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "in 1998 Argentina opened its telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment encouraging the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is improving", "domestic": "microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; fixed-line teledensity is increasing gradually and mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet services are gaining ground", "international": "country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 112; 2 international gateways near Buenos Aires (2011)" } }, "broadcast_media": "government owns a TV station and radio network; more than 2 dozen TV stations and hundreds of privately owned radio stations; high rate of cable TV subscription usage (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".ar", "users": { "total": 30142000, "percent_of_population": 69.4, "global_rank": 23, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 6, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 107, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 14245183, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 243772567, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "LV", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 1138, "global_rank": 6, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 161, "over_3047_metres": 4, "2438_to_3047_metres": 29, "1524_to_2437_metres": 65, "914_to_1523_metres": 53, "under_914_metres": 10, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 977, "over_3047_metres": 1, "2438_to_3047_metres": 1, "1524_to_2437_metres": 43, "914_to_1523_metres": 484, "under_914_metres": 448, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 2, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "gas", "length": 29930, "units": "km" }, { "type": "liquid petroleum gas", "length": 41, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil", "length": 6248, "units": "km" }, { "type": "refined products", "length": 3631, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2013" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 36917.4, "units": "km" }, "broad_gauge": { "length": 26391, "electrified": 149, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.676-m" }, "standard_gauge": { "length": 2745.1, "electrified": 41.1, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.435-m" }, "narrow_gauge": { "length": 7523.3, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.000-m" }, "global_rank": 8, "date": "2014" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 231374, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 69412, "units": "km", "note": "includes 734 km of expressways" }, "unpaved": { "value": 161962, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 22, "date": "2004" }, "waterways": { "value": 11000, "units": "km", "global_rank": 12, "date": "2012" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 36, "by_type": [ { "type": "bulk carrier", "count": 1 }, { "type": "cargo", "count": 5 }, { "type": "chemical tanker", "count": 6 }, { "type": "container", "count": 1 }, { "type": "passenger/cargo", "count": 1 }, { "type": "petroleum tanker", "count": 18 }, { "type": "refrigerated cargo", "count": 4 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 14, "by_country": [ { "country": "Brazil", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Chile", "count": 6 }, { "country": "Spain", "count": 3 }, { "country": "Taiwan", "count": 2 }, { "country": "UK", "count": 2 } ] }, "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 15, "by_country": [ { "country": "Liberia", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Panama", "count": 5 }, { "country": "Paraguay", "count": 5 }, { "country": "Uruguay", "count": 1 }, { "country": "unknown", "count": 3 } ] }, "global_rank": 80, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Bahia Blanca", "Buenos Aires", "La Plata", "Punta Colorada", "Ushuaia" ], "river_ports": [ "Arroyo Seco", "Rosario", "San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana)" ], "container_ports": [ { "place": "Buenos Aires", "twenty_foot_equivalent_units": 1851701 } ], "liquid_natural_gas_terminals_import": [ "Bahia Blanca" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.86, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 0.87, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 0.83, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 0.78, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 0.76, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2011" } ], "global_rank": 106 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino)", "Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica", "includes naval aviation", "naval infantry)", "Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina", "FAA)" ], "date": "2013" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 18, "note": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service (18-21 requires parental consent); no conscription; if the number of volunteers fails to meet the quota of recruits for a particular year, Congress can authorize the conscription of citizens turning 18 that year for a period not exceeding one year", "date": "2012" }, "note": "the Argentine military is a well-organized force constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground forces lighter and more responsive (2008)" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed to no longer seek settlement by force", "UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks", "territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims", "uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question", "in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina", "the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime", "the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur)", "contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia" ], "illicit_drugs": { "note": "a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe, heroin headed for the US, and ephedrine and pseudoephedrine headed for Mexico; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; law enforcement corruption; a source for precursor chemicals; increasing domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers, especially cocaine base and synthetic drugs (2008)" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624100656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html" } }, "armenia": { "data": { "name": "Armenia", "introduction": { "background": "Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in at least 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920.\nArmenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a trilateral cease-fire between Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding regions - approximately 14 percent of Azerbaijan’s territory. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution.\nTurkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan in its conflict with Armenia over control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. In 2009, senior Armenian leaders began pursuing rapprochement with Turkey, aiming to secure an opening of the border, but Turkey has not yet ratified the Protocols normalizing relations between the two countries. In January 2015, Armenia joined Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union." }, "geography": { "location": "Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 40, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 45, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Asia", "area": { "total": { "value": 29743, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 28203, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 1540, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 143, "comparative": "slightly smaller than Maryland" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 1570, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Azerbaijan", "border_length": { "value": 996, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Georgia", "border_length": { "value": 219, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Iran", "border_length": { "value": 44, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Turkey", "border_length": { "value": 311, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 0, "units": "km", "note": "landlocked" }, "climate": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters", "terrain": "Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 1792, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Debed River", "elevation": { "value": 400, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Aragats Lerrnagagat'", "elevation": { "value": 4090, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "gold", "copper", "molybdenum", "zinc", "bauxite" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 59.7, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 15.8, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 1.9, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 42, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 9.1, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 31.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 2740, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than three times as many people as the second largest city in the country", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "occasionally severe earthquakes", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "droughts", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT", "the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood", "pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers", "the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan)", "a result of its use as a source for hydropower", "threatens drinking water supplies", "restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Air Pollution", "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Environmental Modification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Wetlands" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [ "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" ] } }, "note": "landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 3051250, "global_rank": 136, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Armenian(s)", "adjective": "Armenian" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Armenian", "percent": 98.1 }, { "name": "Yezidi", "percent": 1.1, "note": "Kurd" }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.7 } ], "date": "2011" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Armenian", "percent": 97.9, "note": "official" }, { "name": "Kurdish", "percent": 1, "note": "spoken by Yezidi minority" }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1 } ], "date": "2011" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Armenian Apostolic", "percent": 92.6 }, { "name": "Evangelical", "percent": 1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 2.4 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 1.1 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 2.9 } ], "date": "2011" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 19, "males": 308701, "females": 271028 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 13.58, "males": 213203, "females": 201291 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 43.46, "males": 640070, "females": 685958 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 12.96, "males": 180700, "females": 214834 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 10.99, "males": 134330, "females": 201135 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 41.3, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 26, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 15.3, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 6.5, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 34.6, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 32.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 36.5, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 79, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": -0.18, "global_rank": 213, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 13.3, "global_rank": 150, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 9.4, "global_rank": 57, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": -5.7, "global_rank": 198, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than three times as many people as the second largest city in the country", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 62.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": -0.11, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Yerevan", "population": 1044, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.13, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.14, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.06, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 0.93, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.84, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.67, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.94, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 24.1, "date": "2013" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 25, "global_rank": 123, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 13.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 14.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 11.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 112, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 74.6, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 71.4, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 78.3, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 120, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.64, "global_rank": 177, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 54.9, "units": "%", "date": "2010" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 4.5, "global_rank": 152, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 2.8, "date": "2014" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 3.9, "date": "2012" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 96.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 78.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 89.5, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 3.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 21.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 10.5, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.2, "global_rank": 96, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 3600, "global_rank": 109, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 100, "global_rank": 102, "date": "2015" } }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 19.9, "global_rank": 68, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 5.3, "global_rank": 89, "date": "2010" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 2.8, "global_rank": 132, "date": "2015" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 99.7, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 99.7, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 99.6, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "date": "2015" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 19596, "percentage": { "value": 4, "units": "%" }, "note": "data represent children ages 7-17", "date": "2007" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 36.1, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 31.8, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 41.5, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 13, "date": "2013" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Armenia", "conventional_short_form": "Armenia", "local_long_form": "Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun", "local_short_form": "Hayastan", "former": "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic", "etymology": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the country is named after Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; Hayk's descendant, Aram, purportedly is the source of the name Armenia" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy", "capital": { "name": "Yerevan", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 40, "minutes": 10, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 44, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 4, "note": "9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1991-09-21", "note": "from the Soviet Union" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Independence Day", "day": "21 September", "original_year": "1991" } ], "constitution": { "history": "previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995", "amendments": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable; amended 2005, 2007, 2008, last in 2015", "note": "a 2015 amendment, approved in December 2015 by a public referendum and effective for the 2017-18 electoral cycle, changes the government type from the current semi-presidential system to a parliamentary system (2017)" }, "legal_system": "civil law system", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "non-party state to the ICCt" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "yes", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "3 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President Serzh SARGSIAN (since 9 April 2008)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Karen KARAPETYAN (since 13 September 2016)", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", "elections_appointments": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 18 February 2013 (next to be held in February 2018); prime minister appointed by the president based on majority support in the National Congress; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Congress refuses to accept their program", "election_results": "Serzh SARGSIAN reelected president in one round; percent of vote - Serzh SARGSIAN (RPA) 58.6%, Raffi HOVHANNISIAN (Heritage Party) 36.7%, Hrant BAGRATIAN (ANM) 2.2%, other 2.5%", "note": "constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 will transform the government to a parliamentary system by 2018; for the scheduled February 2018 election, the president will be indirectly elected by parliament and will serve a single 7-year term; following the 2018 election, the prime minister will be elected based on majority support of the National Assembly" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (minimum 101 seats, currently 105; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)", "elections": "last held on 2 April 2017 (next to be held in spring of 2022)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - RPA 49.2%, Tsarukyan Alliance 27.4%, Yelk (Way Out) 7.8%, ARF (Dashnak) 6.6%, other 9%; seats by party - RPA 58, Tsarukyan Alliance 31, Yelk (Way Out) 9, ARF (Dashnak) 7" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation (consists of the court chairman and organized into the criminal chamber and a civil and administrative chamber, each with a chamber chairman and 2 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by National Assembly; judges of both courts can serve until retirement at age 65", "subordinate_courts": "2 Courts of Appeal (for civil cases and for criminal and military cases); district courts; Administrative Court" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Armenian National Congress", "name_alternative": "ANC", "leaders": [ "Levon TER-PETROSSIAN" ], "note": "bloc of independent and opposition parties" }, { "name": "Armenian National Movement", "name_alternative": "ANM", "leaders": [ "Ararat ZURABIAN" ] }, { "name": "Armenian Revolutionary Federation", "name_alternative": "ARF", "leaders": [ "Hrant MARKARIAN" ], "note": "\"Dashnak\" Party" }, { "name": "Heritage Party", "leaders": [ "Raffi HOVHANNISIAN" ] }, { "name": "People's Party of Armenia", "leaders": [ "Stepan DEMIRCHIAN" ] }, { "name": "Prosperous Armenia", "leaders": [ "Gagik TSARUKYAN" ] }, { "name": "Republican Party of Armenia", "name_alternative": "RPA", "leaders": [ "Serzh SARGSIAN" ] }, { "name": "Rule of Law Party ", "leaders": [ "Artur BAGHDASARIAN" ], "note": "Orinats Yerkir" }, { "name": "Tsarukyan Alliance", "leaders": [ "Gagik TSARUKYAN" ] }, { "name": "Yelk Alliance", "leaders": [ "Edmon Marukyan" ], "note": "Way Out" } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Aylentrank ", "leaders": [ "Nikol PASHINIAN" ], "note": "Impeachment Alliance" }, { "name": "Yerkrapah Union", "leaders": [ "Manvel GRIGORIAN" ] } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ADB" }, { "organization": "BSEC" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "CE" }, { "organization": "CIS" }, { "organization": "CSTO" }, { "organization": "EAEC ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "EAEU" }, { "organization": "EAPC" }, { "organization": "EBRD" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "GCTU" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OAS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OIF" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE" }, { "organization": "PFP" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNIFIL" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Grigor HOVHANNISSIAN (since 28 January 2016)", "chancery": "2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-1976", "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2982", "consulates_general": "Glendale (CA)" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Richard MILLS (since 13 February 2015)", "embassy": "1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082", "mailing_address": "American Embassy Yerevan, US Department of State, 7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC 20521-7020", "telephone": "[374](10) 464-700", "fax": "[374](10) 464-742" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "Mount Ararat" }, { "symbol": "eagle" }, { "symbol": "lion" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "blue" }, { "color": "orange" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Mer Hayrenik\" (Our Fatherland)", "lyrics_music": "Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN", "note": "adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922) but with different lyrics", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AM.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region.\n\nArmenia joined the WTO in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from two of its neighbors, Turkey and Azerbaijan.\n\nArmenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to deteriorations in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 7-8% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has expressed interest in expanding its economic ties with the European Union as well, and in March 2017 an EU-Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement was initiated. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the debt almost reached the debt to GDP threshold set by national legislation as of March 2017.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 26300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 25730000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 24970000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 135, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 10750000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.2, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 3, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 3.6, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 125 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8900, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 8500, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 8200, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 145, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 72.5, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 13.9, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 20, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 2.5, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 31.6, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -40.5, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 19.6, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 29.1, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 51.3, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 18.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 18.3, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 13.2, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 102 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "fruit", "grapes", "apricots", "vegetables", "livestock" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "brandy", "mining", "diamond processing", "metal-cutting machine tools", "forging", "pressing machines", "electric motors", "knitted wear", "hosiery", "shoes", "silk fabric", "chemicals", "trucks", "instruments", "microelectronics", "jewelry", "software", "food processing" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 4.2, "global_rank": 51, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 1559000, "global_rank": 131, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 36.3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 17, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 46.7, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2013" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 17.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 17.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 172 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 32, "units": "%", "date": "2013" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 3.5, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 25.7, "units": "%" }, "date": "2014" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 31.5, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 31.5, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 116 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 2445000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 2969000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 22.7, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -4.9, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 53.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 48.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 85 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -0.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 3.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 15 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-14" }, { "value": 10.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015-02-10" } ], "global_rank": 58, "note": "this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy instrument of the Armenian National Bank" }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 17.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 17.59, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 25, "note": "average lending rate on loans up to one year" }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1178000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1149000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 150 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1949000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1779000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 159 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5307000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 5022000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 121 }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 132100000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012-12-31" }, { "value": 139600000, "units": "USD", "date": "2011-12-31" }, { "value": 144800000, "units": "USD", "date": "2010-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 121 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -302000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -279000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 93 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1678000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1626000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 145 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "unwrought copper", "pig iron", "nonferrous metals", "gold", "diamonds", "mineral products", "foodstuffs", "brandy", "cigarettes", "energy" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Russia", "percent": 15.2 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 11.1 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 9.8 }, { "name": "Iraq", "percent": 8.8 }, { "name": "Georgia", "percent": 7.8 }, { "name": "Canada", "percent": 7.6 }, { "name": "Bulgaria", "percent": 5.3 }, { "name": "Iran", "percent": 5.3 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2638000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2780000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 149 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "natural gas", "petroleum", "tobacco products", "foodstuffs", "diamonds", "pharmaceuticals", "cars" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Russia", "percent": 29.1 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 9.7 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 6.2 }, { "name": "Iran", "percent": 6.1 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 4.6 }, { "name": "Turkey", "percent": 4.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1512000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1775000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 124 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8365000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 8554000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 115 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4168999999.9999995, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 4086999999.9999995, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 105 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 228000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 215000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 98 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 492.7, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 477.92, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 477.92, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 415.92, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 401.76, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "drams (AMD) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 7300000000, "global_rank": 111, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 5100000000, "global_rank": 119, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 1300000000, "global_rank": 50, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "kWh": 26000000, "global_rank": 109, "date": "2014" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 4099999.9999999995, "global_rank": 86, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 32.2, "global_rank": 175, "date": "2011" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 34.3, "global_rank": 5, "date": "2011" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 33.5, "global_rank": 66, "date": "2011" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 152, "date": "2011" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 93, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 158, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 115, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 8000, "global_rank": 159, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 156, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 7809, "global_rank": 149, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 2500000000, "global_rank": 76, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 59, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 2061000000, "global_rank": 50, "date": "2014" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 110, "date": "2014-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 12000000, "global_rank": 98, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 551366, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 18, "global_rank": 94, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 3442000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 113, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "telecommunications investments have made major inroads in modernizing and upgrading the outdated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion; mobile-cellular services monopoly terminated in late 2004, and a second and third provider began operations in 2005 and 2009 respectively", "domestic": "reliable modern fixed-line and mobile-cellular services are available across Yerevan and in major cities and towns; mobile-cellular coverage available in most rural areas", "international": "country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "2 public TV networks operating alongside about 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Armenian TV completed conversion from analog to digital broadcasting in late 2016; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 21 privately owned radio stations; several major international broadcasters are available (2017)", "internet": { "country_code": ".am", "users": { "total": 1780000, "percent_of_population": 58.2, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 3, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 5, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "EK", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 11, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 10, "over_3047_metres": 2, "2438_to_3047_metres": 2, "1524_to_2437_metres": 4, "914_to_1523_metres": 2, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 1, "914_to_1523_metres": 1, "date": "2013" } } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "gas (high and medium pressure)", "length": 3838, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2017" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 780, "units": "km" }, "broad_gauge": { "length": 780, "electrified": 780, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.520-m" }, "note": { "length": 726, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 97, "date": "2014" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 7792, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 142, "date": "2013" } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 4.25, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 3.94, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 3.58, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 10 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Armenian Armed Forces", "Ground Forces", "Air Force", "Air Defense", "\"Nagorno-Karabakh Republic\"", "Nagorno-Karabakh Self-Defense Force (NKSDF)" ], "date": "2011" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 18, "note": "18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; 17 year olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel", "date": "2012" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability", "residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan", "Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley", "in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered", "local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders", "ethnic Armenian groups in the Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy from the Georgian Government" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "refugees": { "by_country": [ { "people": 14626, "country_of_origin": "Syria - ethnic Armenians" } ], "date": "2016" }, "internally_displaced_persons": { "people": 8400, "note": "conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh", "date": "2016" }, "stateless_persons": { "people": 512, "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-07-01", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701102630/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html" } }, "aruba": { "data": { "name": "Aruba", "introduction": { "background": "Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. The island's economy has been dominated by three main industries. A 19th century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening in 1924 of an oil refinery. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990." }, "geography": { "location": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 12, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 69, "minutes": 58, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "Central America and the Caribbean", "area": { "total": { "value": 180, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 180, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 218, "comparative": "slightly larger than Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 68.5, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" } }, "climate": "tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation", "terrain": "flat with a few hills; scant vegetation", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Caribbean Sea", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Ceru Jamanota", "elevation": { "value": 188, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "NEGL", "white sandy beaches foster tourism" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 11.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 11.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 2.3, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 86.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "population_distribution": "most residents live in or around Oranjestad and San Nicolaas; most settlments tend to be located on the less mountainous western side of the island", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "hurricanes", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "NA" ] }, "note": "a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 113648, "global_rank": 190, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Aruban(s)", "adjective": "Aruban; Dutch" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Dutch", "percent": 82.1 }, { "name": "Colombian", "percent": 6.6 }, { "name": "Venezuelan", "percent": 2.2 }, { "name": "Dominican", "percent": 2.2 }, { "name": "Haitian", "percent": 1.2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 5.5 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.1 } ], "date": "2010" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Papiamento", "percent": 69.4, "note": "official; a creole language that is a mixture of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, and, to a lesser extent, French, as well as elements of African languages and the language of the Arawak" }, { "name": "Spanish", "percent": 13.7 }, { "name": "English", "percent": 7.1, "note": "widely spoken" }, { "name": "Dutch", "percent": 6.1, "note": "official" }, { "name": "Chinese", "percent": 1.5 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.7 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.4 } ], "date": "2010" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 75.3 }, { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 4.9, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Methodist", "percent": 0.9 }, { "name": "Adventist", "percent": 0.9 }, { "name": "Anglican", "percent": 0.4 }, { "name": "other Protestant", "percent": 2.7 } ] }, { "name": "Jehovah's Witness", "percent": 1.7 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 12 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 5.5 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.5 } ], "date": "2010" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 17.66, "males": 10068, "females": 9999 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 13.03, "males": 7441, "females": 7366 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 42.16, "males": 23068, "females": 24847 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 14.01, "males": 7398, "females": 8525 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 13.14, "males": 5853, "females": 9083 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 44, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 26.4, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 17.6, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 5.7, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 39.1, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 37.3, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 40.9, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 56, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 1.3, "global_rank": 88, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 12.5, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 8.3, "global_rank": 86, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 8.8, "global_rank": 12, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "most residents live in or around Oranjestad and San Nicolaas; most settlments tend to be located on the less mountainous western side of the island", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 41.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": -0.28, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Oranjestad", "population": 29000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2014" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.02, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.01, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.01, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 0.93, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.87, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.64, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.9, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 11, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 14.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 7.5, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 127, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 76.8, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 73.7, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 79.9, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 80, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.84, "global_rank": 146, "date": "2016" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 98.1, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 98.1, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 98.1, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 1.9, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 1.9, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 1.9, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 97.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 97.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 97.7, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 2.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 2.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 2.3, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "major_infectious_diseases": { "note": "active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus", "date": "2016" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 6.1, "global_rank": 41, "date": "2014" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 97.5, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 97.5, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 97.5, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 14, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 14, "units": "years" }, "date": "2012" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 28.9, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 29.9, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 27.5, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 43, "date": "2010" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "none", "conventional_short_form": "Aruba", "etymology": "the origin of the island's name is unclear; according to tradition, the name comes from the Spanish phrase \"oro huba\" (there was gold), but in fact no gold was ever found on the island; another possibility is the native word \"oruba,\" which means \"well-situated\"" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Legislature); part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", "capital": { "name": "Oranjestad", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 12, "minutes": 31, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 70, "minutes": 2, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": -4, "note": "1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "note": "part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "National Anthem and Flag Day", "day": "18 March", "original_year": "1976" } ], "constitution": { "history": "previous 1947, 1955; latest drafted and approved August 1985, enacted 1 January 1986 (regulates governance of Aruba, but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands)", "note": "in October 2010, following dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Aruba became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2016)" }, "legal_system": "civil law system based on the Dutch civil code", "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Alfonso BOEKHOUDT (since 1 January 2017)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Michiel \"Mike\" Godfried EMAN (since 30 October 2009)", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers elected by the Legislature (Staten)", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year tern; election last held on 25 September 2009 (next to be held by September 2013)", "election_results": "Michiel \"Mike\" Godfried EMAN (AVP) elected prime minister; percent of legislative vote - NA" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)", "elections": "last held on 27 September 2013 (next to be held in September 2017)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party AVP 57.3%, MEP 30.5%, PDR 7.8%, other 4.4%; seats by party - AVP 13, MEP 7, PDR 1" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatitus and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court, in The Hague, Netherlands", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Joint Court judges appointed by the monarch for life", "subordinate_courts": "Courts in First Instance" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Aruban People's Party", "name_alternative": "AVP", "leaders": [ "Michiel \"Mike\" EMAN" ] }, { "name": "People's Electoral Movement Party", "name_alternative": "MEP", "leaders": [ "Evelyn WEVER-CROES" ] }, { "name": "Real Democracy", "name_alternative": "PDR", "leaders": [ "Andin BIKKER" ] } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "environmental groups" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "Caricom ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "FATF" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "UNESCO ", "note": "associate" }, { "organization": "UNWTO ", "note": "associate" }, { "organization": "UPU" } ], "flag_description": { "description": "blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner; the star represents Aruba and its red soil and white beaches, its four points the four major languages (Papiamento, Dutch, Spanish, English) as well as the four points of a compass, to indicate that its inhabitants come from all over the world; the blue symbolizes Caribbean waters and skies; the stripes represent the island's two main \"industries\": the flow of tourists to the sun-drenched beaches and the flow of minerals from the earth" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "Hooiberg Hill", "region": "Haystack" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "blue" }, { "color": "yellow" }, { "color": "red" }, { "color": "white" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Aruba Deshi Tera\" (Aruba Precious Country)", "lyrics_music": "Juan Chabaya 'Padu' LAMPE/Rufo Inocencio WEVER", "note": "local anthem adopted 1986; as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, \"Het Wilhelmus\" is official (see Netherlands)", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AA.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Tourism, petroleum bunkering, hospitality, and financial and business services are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy.\n\nTourism accounts for a majority of economic activity. As of 2014, over 1.7 million tourists visited Aruba annually, with the large majority of those from the US. The rapid growth of the tourism sector has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction continues to boom, especially in the hotel sector.\n\nAruba is heavily dependent on imports and is making efforts to expand exports to achieve a more desirable trade balance. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Panama being the major suppliers.\n\nIn 2016, Citgo Petroleum Corporation, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Petroleos de Venezuela SA, and the government of Aruba signed an agreement to restart Valero Energy Corp.'s former 235,000-b/d refinery . Tourism and related industries have continued to grow, and the Aruban government is working to attract more diverse industries. Aruba's banking sector continues to be a strong sector; unemployment has significantly decreased.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2516000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2009" }, { "value": 2258000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2005" }, { "value": 2205000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2004" } ], "global_rank": 190 }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 2516000000, "date": "2009" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.4, "units": "%", "date": "2005" } ], "global_rank": 116 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 25300, "units": "USD", "date": "2011" } ], "global_rank": 76 }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 60.3, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 26.2, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 22.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 70.2, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -79, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 0.4, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 33.3, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 66.3, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2002" } } }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "aloes", "livestock", "fish" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "tourism", "petroleum transshipment facilities", "banking" ] }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 51610, "global_rank": 191, "date": "2007" }, "by_occupation": { "agriculture": "NA%", "industry": "NA%", "services": "NA%", "note": "most employment is in wholesale and retail trade, followed by hotels and restaurants" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6.9, "units": "%", "date": "2005" } ], "global_rank": 86 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 696500000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 751800000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 27.7, "global_rank": 92, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -2.2, "global_rank": 77, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 67, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 55, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 54 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -0.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 9 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1, "units": "%", "date": "2010-12-31" }, { "value": 3, "units": "%", "date": "2009-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 125 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 8.25, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 92 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1151000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 990200000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 152 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2126000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 1942000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 153 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1768000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 1768000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 144 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 299900000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 333200000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 182 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "live animals", "animal products", "art", "collectibles", "machinery", "electrical equipment", "transport equipment" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Colombia", "percent": 28.2 }, { "name": "Netherlands Antilles", "percent": 18.1 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 14.3 }, { "name": "Netherlands", "percent": 10.1 }, { "name": "Mexico", "percent": 6.5 }, { "name": "Venezuela", "percent": 6.3 }, { "name": "Panama", "percent": 4.1 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1294000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1269000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 174 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "electrical equipment", "refined oil for bunkering", "reexport", "chemicals", "foodstuffs" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "US", "percent": 55.4 }, { "name": "Netherlands", "percent": 11.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 693200000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 666400000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 173 }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.79, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.79, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.79, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 1.79, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 1.79, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "population_without_electricity": { "value": 11364, "units": "people" }, "total_electrification": { "value": 91, "units": "%" }, "urban_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "rural_electrification": { "value": 80, "units": "%" }, "date": "2012" }, "production": { "kWh": 900000000, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 800000000, "global_rank": 162, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 100, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 117, "date": "2013" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 300000, "global_rank": 155, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 90.6, "global_rank": 72, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 34, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 154, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 9.4, "global_rank": 42, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 101, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 90, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 152, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "global_rank": 102, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 112, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 7500, "global_rank": 161, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 7661, "global_rank": 150, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 1, "global_rank": 98, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 1, "global_rank": 116, "date": "2013" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 1, "global_rank": 55, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 1, "global_rank": 79, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 108, "date": "2014-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 900000, "global_rank": 165, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 35000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 31, "global_rank": 169, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 141000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 126, "global_rank": 185, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "modern fully automatic telecommunications system", "domestic": "increased competition through privatization has increased mobile-cellular teledensity to over 125 per 100 persons; 3 mobile-cellular service providers are now licensed", "international": "country code - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine telecommunications cable system that extends from the US Virgin Islands through Aruba to Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and the west coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "2 commercial TV stations; cable TV subscription service provides access to foreign channels; about 19 commercial radio stations broadcast (2014)", "internet": { "country_code": ".aw", "users": { "total": 99000, "percent_of_population": 88.7, "global_rank": 172, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 3, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 19, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 2120578, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 0, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "P4", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 1, "global_rank": 210, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 1, "2438_to_3047_metres": 1, "date": "2013" } } }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Barcadera", "Oranjestad" ], "oil_terminals": [ "Sint Nicolaas" ], "cruise_ports": [ "Oranjestad" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "branches": { "by_name": [ "no regular military forces" ], "date": "2011" }, "note": "defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands; the Aruba security services focus on organized crime and terrorism" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "none" ], "illicit_drugs": { "note": "transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity; relatively high percentage of population consumes cocaine" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624200456/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aa.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aa.html" } }, "ashmore_and_cartier_islands": { "data": { "name": "Ashmore And Cartier Islands", "introduction": { "background": "These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, became a marine reserve in 2000." }, "geography": { "location": "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 12, "minutes": 14, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 123, "minutes": 5, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Southeast Asia", "area": { "total": { "value": 5, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 5, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island", "global_rank": 250, "comparative": "about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 74.1, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "contiguous_zone": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_fishing_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" }, "continental_shelf": { "value": 200, "units": "m", "note": "depth or to the depth of exploitation" } }, "climate": "tropical", "terrain": "low with sand and coral", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Indian Ocean", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "unnamed location", "elevation": { "value": 3, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "fish" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 100, "units": "%", "note": "all grass and sand" } }, "date": "2011" }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "illegal killing of protected wildlife by traditional Indonesian fisherman", "as well as fishing by non-traditional Indonesian vessels", "are ongoing problems" ] }, "note": "Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve established in 2000" }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands", "conventional_short_form": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands", "etymology": "named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800" }, "legal_system": "the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply", "flag_description": { "description": "the flag of Australia is used" } }, "economy": { "overview": "no economic activity" }, "military_and_security": { "note": "defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing", "Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef" ] } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-05-15", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170515134500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/at.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170515000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/at.html" } }, "atlantic_ocean": { "data": { "name": "Atlantic Ocean", "introduction": { "background": "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean). The Kiel Canal (Germany), Oresund (Denmark-Sweden), Bosporus (Turkey), Strait of Gibraltar (Morocco-Spain), and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (Canada-US) are important strategic access waterways. The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth world ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Atlantic Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude." }, "geography": { "location": "body of water between Africa, Europe, the Arctic Ocean, the Americas, and the Southern Ocean", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 0, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 25, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "Political Map of the World", "area": { "total": { "value": 76762000, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Labrador Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies", "comparative": "about 7.5 times the size of the US" }, "coastline": { "value": 111866, "units": "km" }, "climate": "tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November", "terrain": "surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin", "elevation": { "mean_depth": { "value": -3646, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench", "elevation": { "value": -8605, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "sea level", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "oil", "gas fields", "fish", "marine mammals", "seals", "whales", "sand", "gravel aggregates", "placer deposits", "polymetallic nodules", "precious stones" ] }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "hurricanes (May to December)", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "endangered marine species include the manatee", "seals", "sea lions", "turtles", "and whales", "drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes", "municipal sludge pollution off eastern US", "southern Brazil", "and eastern Argentina", "oil pollution in Caribbean Sea", "Gulf of Mexico", "Lake Maracaibo", "Mediterranean Sea", "and North Sea", "industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea", "North Sea", "and Mediterranean Sea" ] }, "note": "major chokepoints include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean" }, "government": { "country_name": { "etymology": "name derives from the Greek description of the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar, Atlantis thalassa, meaning \"Sea of Atlas\"" } }, "economy": { "overview": "The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea)." }, "transportation": { "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Alexandria (Egypt)", "Algiers (Algeria)", "Antwerp (Belgium)", "Barcelona (Spain)", "Buenos Aires (Argentina)", "Casablanca (Morocco)", "Colon (Panama)", "Copenhagen (Denmark)", "Dakar (Senegal)", "Gdansk (Poland)", "Hamburg (Germany)", "Helsinki (Finland)", "Las Palmas (Canary Islands", "Spain)", "Le Havre (France)", "Lisbon (Portugal)", "London (UK)", "Marseille (France)", "Montevideo (Uruguay)", "Montreal (Canada)", "Naples (Italy)", "New Orleans (US)", "New York (US)", "Oran (Algeria)", "Oslo (Norway)", "Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece)", "Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)", "Rotterdam (Netherlands)", "Saint Petersburg (Russia)", "Stockholm (Sweden)" ] }, "note": "Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways; significant domestic commercial and recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US; the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of littoral states and offshore Atlantic waters as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea off West Africa; in 2014, 41 commercial vessels were attacked in the Gulf of Guinea with 5 hijacked and 144 crew members taken hostage; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargoes stolen; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen" }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "some maritime disputes (see littoral states)" ] } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-10", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170610031837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zh.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170610000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zh.html" } }, "australia": { "data": { "name": "Australia", "introduction": { "background": "Prehistoric settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession of the east coast in the name of Great Britain (all of Australia was claimed as British territory in 1829 with the creation of the colony of Western Australia). Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the Allied effort in World Wars I and II.\nIn recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its location in one of the fastest growing regions of the world economy. Long-term concerns include an aging population, pressure on infrastructure, and environmental issues such as floods, droughts, and bushfires. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, making it particularly vulnerable to the challenges of climate change. Australia is home to 10 per cent of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world." }, "geography": { "location": "Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 27, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 133, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Oceania", "area": { "total": { "value": 7741220, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 7682300, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 58920, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island", "global_rank": 6, "comparative": "slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 25760, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "contiguous_zone": { "value": 24, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_economic_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" }, "continental_shelf": { "value": 200, "units": "nm", "note": "or to the edge of the continental margin" } }, "climate": "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north", "terrain": "mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 330, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Lake Eyre", "elevation": { "value": -15, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Mount Kosciuszko", "elevation": { "value": 2229, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "bauxite", "coal", "iron ore", "copper", "tin", "gold", "silver", "uranium", "nickel", "tungsten", "rare earth elements", "mineral sands", "lead", "zinc", "diamonds", "natural gas", "petroleum" ], "note": "Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 29% of global coal exports" }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 53.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 6.2, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 47.1, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 19.3, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 27.3, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 25500, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "cyclones along the coast", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "severe droughts", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "forest fires", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands", "type": "volcanism" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "soil erosion from overgrazing", "industrial development", "urbanization", "and poor farming practices", "soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water", "desertification", "clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species", "the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast", "the largest coral reef in the world", "is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site", "limited natural freshwater resources" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol", "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources", "Antarctic Seals", "Antarctic Treaty", "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Environmental Modification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Marine Dumping", "Marine Life Conservation", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Tropical Timber 83", "Tropical Timber 94", "Wetlands", "Whaling" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; the largest country in Oceania, the largest country entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, and the largest country without land borders; the only continent without glaciers; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the \"Fremantle Doctor\" affects the city of Perth on the west coast and is one of the most consistent winds in the world" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 22992654, "global_rank": 56, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Australian(s)", "adjective": "Australian" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "English", "percent": 25.9 }, { "name": "Australian", "percent": 25.4 }, { "name": "Irish", "percent": 7.5 }, { "name": "Scottish", "percent": 6.4 }, { "name": "Italian", "percent": 3.3 }, { "name": "German", "percent": 3.2 }, { "name": "Chinese", "percent": 3.1 }, { "name": "Indian", "percent": 1.4 }, { "name": "Greek", "percent": 1.4 }, { "name": "Dutch", "percent": 1.2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 15.8, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Australian aboriginal .5%" } ] }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 5.4 } ], "note": "data represent self-identified ancestry, over a third of respondents reported two ancestries", "date": "2011" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "English", "percent": 76.8 }, { "name": "Mandarin", "percent": 1.6 }, { "name": "Italian", "percent": 1.4 }, { "name": "Arabic", "percent": 1.3 }, { "name": "Greek", "percent": 1.2 }, { "name": "Cantonese", "percent": 1.2 }, { "name": "Vietnamese", "percent": 1.1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 10.4 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 5 } ], "date": "2011" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 30.1, "breakdown": [ { "name": "Anglican", "percent": 17.1 }, { "name": "Uniting Church", "percent": 5 }, { "name": "Presbyterian and Reformed", "percent": 2.8 }, { "name": "Baptist", "percent": 1.6 }, { "name": "Lutheran", "percent": 1.2 }, { "name": "Pentecostal", "percent": 1.1 }, { "name": "other Protestant", "percent": 1.3 } ] }, { "name": "Catholic", "percent": 25.3, "breakdown": [ { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 25.1 }, { "name": "other Catholic", "percent": 0.2 } ] }, { "name": "other Christian", "percent": 2.9 }, { "name": "Orthodox", "percent": 2.8 }, { "name": "Buddhist", "percent": 2.5 }, { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 2.2 }, { "name": "Hindu", "percent": 1.3 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.3 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 22.3 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 9.3 } ], "date": "2011" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 17.84, "males": 2105433, "females": 1997433 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 12.96, "males": 1528993, "females": 1451340 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 41.55, "males": 4862591, "females": 4691975 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 11.82, "males": 1347780, "females": 1369501 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 15.82, "males": 1684339, "females": 1953269 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 50.9, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 28.2, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 22.7, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 4.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 38.6, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 37.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 39.4, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 58, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 1.05, "global_rank": 113, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 12.1, "global_rank": 163, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 7.2, "global_rank": 124, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 5.6, "global_rank": 22, "date": "2016" }, "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 89.4, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 1.47, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Sydney", "population": 4505000 }, { "place": "Melbourne", "population": 4203000 }, { "place": "Brisbane", "population": 2202000 }, { "place": "Perth", "population": 1861000 }, { "place": "Adelaide", "population": 1256000 }, { "place": "Canberra", "population": 423000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.06, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.86, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.01, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 30.5, "date": "2006" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 6, "global_rank": 164, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 4.3, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 4.6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 4, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 188, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 82.2, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 79.8, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 84.8, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 15, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.77, "global_rank": 158, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 72.3, "units": "%", "note": "percent of women aged 18-44", "date": "2005" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 9.4, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 3.37, "date": "2013" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 3.9, "date": "2010" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.16, "global_rank": 100, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 26900, "global_rank": 74, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 200, "global_rank": 105, "date": "2015" } }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 29.9, "global_rank": 44, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 0.2, "global_rank": 138, "date": "2007" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 5.3, "global_rank": 56, "date": "2013" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 20, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 20, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 21, "units": "years" }, "date": "2014" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 13.3, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 14.1, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 12.5, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 93, "date": "2014" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of Australia", "conventional_short_form": "Australia", "etymology": "the name Australia derives from the Latin \"australis\" meaning \"southern\"; the Australian landmass was long referred to as \"Terra Australis\" or the Southern Land" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Federal Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "capital": { "name": "Canberra", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 35, "minutes": 16, "hemisphere": "S" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 149, "minutes": 8, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 10, "note": "15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" }, "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April", "note": "Australia has three time zones" }, "administrative_divisions": [ { "name": "Australian Capital Territory", "type": "territory" }, { "name": "New South Wales", "type": "state" }, { "name": "Northern Territory", "type": "territory" }, { "name": "Queensland", "type": "state" }, { "name": "South Australia", "type": "state" }, { "name": "Tasmania", "type": "state" }, { "name": "Victoria", "type": "state" }, { "name": "Western Australia", "type": "state" } ], "dependent_areas": { "areas": [ "Ashmore and Cartier Islands", "Christmas Island", "Cocos (Keeling) Islands", "Coral Sea Islands", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands", "Norfolk Island" ] }, "independence": { "date": "1901-01-01", "note": "from the federation of UK colonies" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Australia Day", "day": "26 January", "original_year": "1788", "note": "commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet of Australian settlers" }, { "name": "ANZAC Day", "day": "25 April", "original_year": "1915", "note": "commemorates the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey" } ], "constitution": { "history": "9 July 1900; effective 1 January 1901; amended several times, last in 1977", "note": "a referendum to amend the constitution to reflect the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act 2013 is planned for early 2017 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "common law system based on the English model", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "yes", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "4 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": true }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Peter COSGROVE (since 28 March 2014)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Malcolm TURNBULL (since 15 September 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby JOYCE (since 18 February 2016)", "cabinet": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and sworn in by the governor general", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the 6 states and 2 each from the 2 mainland territories; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of state membership renewed every 3 years and territory membership renewed every 3 years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority preferential vote; members serve terms of up to 3 years)", "elections": "Senate - last held on 2 July 2016; House of Representatives - last held on 2 July 2016; this election represents a rare double dissolution where all 226 seats in both the Senate and House of Representatives are up for reelection", "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party NA - awaiting final results; seats by party NA - awaiting final results; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party Liberal/National Coalition 42.14%, ALP 34.91%, The Greens 9.93%, Katter's Australian Party 0.55%, Nick Xenophon Team 1.86%, independents 2.85%; seats by party Liberal/National Coalition 77, ALP 68, The Greens 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Nick Xenophon Team 1, independents 2" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "High Court of Australia (consists of 7 justices, including the chief justice); note - each of the 6 states, 2 territories, and Norfolk Island has a Supreme Court; the High Court is the final appellate court beyond the state and territory supreme courts", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the governor-general in council for life with mandatory retirement at age 70", "subordinate_courts": "subordinate courts: subordinate courts at the federal level: Federal Court; Federal Magistrates' Courts of Australia; Family Court; subordinate courts at the state and territory level: Local Court - New South Wales; Magistrates' Courts – Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory; District Courts – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; County Court – Victoria; Family Court – Western Australia; Court of Petty Sessions – Norfolk Island" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Australian Greens Party", "leaders": [ "Richard DI NATALE" ] }, { "name": "Australian Labor Party", "leaders": [ "Bill SHORTEN" ] }, { "name": "Country Liberal Party", "name_alternative": "CLP", "leaders": [ "Gary HIGGINS" ] }, { "name": "Family First Party", "leaders": [ "Bob DAY" ] }, { "name": "Katter's Australian Party", "leaders": [ "Bob KATTER" ] }, { "name": "Liberal National Party of Queensland", "name_alternative": "LNP", "leaders": [ "Timothy NICHOLLS" ] }, { "name": "Liberal Party", "leaders": [ "Malcolm TURNBULL" ] }, { "name": "National Party of Australia", "leaders": [ "Barnaby JOYCE" ] }, { "name": "Palmer United Party", "name_alternative": "PUP", "leaders": [ "Clive PALMER" ] } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "business groups" }, { "name": "environmental groups" }, { "name": "social groups" }, { "name": "trade unions" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ADB" }, { "organization": "ANZUS" }, { "organization": "APEC" }, { "organization": "ARF" }, { "organization": "ASEAN ", "note": "dialogue partner" }, { "organization": "Australia Group" }, { "organization": "BIS" }, { "organization": "C" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "CP" }, { "organization": "EAS" }, { "organization": "EBRD" }, { "organization": "EITI ", "note": "implementing country" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "FATF" }, { "organization": "G-20" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "national committees" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IEA" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "IHO" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "IMSO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NEA" }, { "organization": "NSG" }, { "organization": "OECD" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE ", "note": "partner" }, { "organization": "Pacific Alliance ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "Paris Club" }, { "organization": "PCA" }, { "organization": "PIF" }, { "organization": "SAARC ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "SICA ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "Sparteca" }, { "organization": "SPC" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UN Security Council ", "note": "temporary" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNHCR" }, { "organization": "UNMISS" }, { "organization": "UNMIT" }, { "organization": "UNRWA" }, { "organization": "UNTSO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" }, { "organization": "ZC" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joseph Benedict HOCKEY (since 28 January 2016)", "chancery": "1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-3000", "fax": "[1] (202) 797-3168", "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James CAROUSO (since September 2016)", "embassy": "Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600", "mailing_address": "APO AP 96549", "telephone": "[61] (02) 6214-5600", "fax": "[61] (02) 6214-5970", "consulates_general": "Melbourne, Perth, Sydney" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small, five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "Southern Cross constellation ", "note": "composed of five stars: four large seven-pointed stars, one small five-pointed star" }, { "symbol": "kangaroo" }, { "symbol": "emu" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "green" }, { "color": "gold" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Advance Australia Fair\"", "lyrics_music": "Peter Dodds McCORMICK", "note": "adopted 1984; although originally written in the late 19th century, the anthem was not used for all official occasions until 1984; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" is also played at Royal functions (see United Kingdom)", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AS.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Following two decades of continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system, Australia enters 2017 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by the sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China has stalled and sharp drops in current prices have impacted growth.\n\nThe services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control.\n\nAustralia benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, although this trend has reversed due to falling global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly expand the resources sector.\n\nAustralia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the World Trade Organization, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia’s free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with India and Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the ten ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and India.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1189000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1156000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1128000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 20, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 1257000000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.4, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 2.7, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 99 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 48800, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 48300, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 47800, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 29, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 58.5, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 18.7, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 24.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 19.4, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -20.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 3.6, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 28.2, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 68.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 21.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 22.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 23.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 76 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "wheat", "barley", "sugarcane", "fruits", "cattle", "sheep", "poultry" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "mining", "industrial", "transportation equipment", "food processing", "chemicals", "steel" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 2, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 12630000, "global_rank": 45, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 3.6, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 21.1, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 75.3, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2009" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 6.1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 68 }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 2, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 25.4, "units": "%" }, "date": "1994" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 30.3, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2008" }, { "value": 35.2, "units": "gini_index", "date": "1994" } ], "global_rank": 123 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 420500000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 446400000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 33.5, "global_rank": 64, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -2.1, "global_rank": 76, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 46.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 44.2, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 101 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 July", "end": "30 June" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.4, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.5, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 83 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3, "units": "%", "date": "2013-02-28" }, { "value": 4.35, "units": "%", "date": "2010-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 107, "note": "this is the Reserve Bank of Australia's \"cash rate target,\" or policy rate" }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5.1, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 5.58, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 136 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 245300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 223200000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 18 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1661000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" }, { "value": 1648000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 11 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2158000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1986000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 11 }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1187000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 1289000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 1366000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 13 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -33200000000.000004, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -58190000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 196 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 184300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 188300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 25 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "coal", "iron ore", "gold", "meat", "wool", "alumina", "wheat", "machinery", "transport equipment" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "China", "percent": 32.2 }, { "name": "Japan", "percent": 15.9 }, { "name": "South Korea", "percent": 7.1 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 5.4 }, { "name": "India", "percent": 4.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 203100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 207700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 20 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "transport equipment", "computers", "office machines", "telecommunication equipment", "parts", "crude oil", "petroleum products" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "China", "percent": 23 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 11.2 }, { "name": "Japan", "percent": 7.4 }, { "name": "South Korea", "percent": 5.5 }, { "name": "Thailand", "percent": 5.1 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 4.6 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 54300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 49270000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 36 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1692000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 1524000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 12 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 614500000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 582600000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 16 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 441900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 437800000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 18 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.352, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.3291, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.3291, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 1.1094, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 0.97, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 235000000000, "global_rank": 19, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 224000000000, "global_rank": 17, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 106, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 122, "date": "2013" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 67000000, "global_rank": 17, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 78.5, "global_rank": 96, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 44, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 12.7, "global_rank": 110, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 7.6, "global_rank": 49, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 322300, "global_rank": 32, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 248400, "global_rank": 29, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 332800, "global_rank": 26, "date": "2015" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 1200000000, "global_rank": 41, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 481800, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2015" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 1116000, "global_rank": 22, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 42730, "global_rank": 60, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 546700, "global_rank": 17, "date": "2015" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 62640000000, "global_rank": 14, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 38510000000, "global_rank": 25, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 31610000000, "global_rank": 12, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 6938000000, "global_rank": 29, "date": "2014" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 860800000000, "global_rank": 27, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 385000000, "global_rank": 18, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 9080000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 40, "global_rank": 22, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 31770000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 140, "global_rank": 39, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "excellent domestic and international service", "domestic": "domestic satellite system; significant use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile telephones", "international": "country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber-optic submarine cable provides links to NZ and the US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat, 2 Globalstar, 5 other (2015)" } }, "broadcast_media": "the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster, operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages; several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available (2009)", "internet": { "country_code": ".au", "users": { "total": 19238000, "percent_of_population": 84.6, "global_rank": 28, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 11, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 175, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 69294187, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 1887295820, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "VH", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 480, "global_rank": 16, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 349, "over_3047_metres": 11, "2438_to_3047_metres": 14, "1524_to_2437_metres": 155, "914_to_1523_metres": 155, "under_914_metres": 14, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 131, "1524_to_2437_metres": 16, "914_to_1523_metres": 101, "under_914_metres": 14, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 1, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "condensate/gas", "length": 637, "units": "km" }, { "type": "gas", "length": 30054, "units": "km" }, { "type": "liquid petroleum gas", "length": 240, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil", "length": 3609, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil/gas/water", "length": 110, "units": "km" }, { "type": "refined products", "length": 72, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2013" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 36967.5, "units": "km" }, "broad_gauge": { "length": 3727, "electrified": 372, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.600-m" }, "standard_gauge": { "length": 18727, "electrified": 650, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.435-m" }, "narrow_gauge": { "length": 14513.5, "electrified": 2075.5, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.067-m" }, "global_rank": 7, "date": "2014" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 823217, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 356343, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 466874, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 9, "date": "2011" }, "waterways": { "value": 2000, "units": "km", "note": "mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems", "global_rank": 42, "date": "2011" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 41, "by_type": [ { "type": "bulk carrier", "count": 8 }, { "type": "cargo", "count": 7 }, { "type": "liquefied gas", "count": 4 }, { "type": "passenger", "count": 6 }, { "type": "passenger/cargo", "count": 6 }, { "type": "petroleum tanker", "count": 5 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 5 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 17, "by_country": [ { "country": "Canada", "count": 5 }, { "country": "Germany", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Singapore", "count": 2 }, { "country": "South Africa", "count": 1 }, { "country": "UK", "count": 5 }, { "country": "US", "count": 2 } ] }, "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 25, "by_country": [ { "country": "Bahamas", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Dominica", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Fiji", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Liberia", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Netherlands", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Panama", "count": 4 }, { "country": "Singapore", "count": 12 }, { "country": "Tonga", "count": 1 }, { "country": "UK", "count": 1 }, { "country": "US", "count": 1 } ] }, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Brisbane", "Cairns", "Darwin", "Fremantle", "Geelong", "Gladstone", "Hobart", "Melbourne", "Newcastle", "Port Adelaide", "Port Kembla", "Sydney" ], "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": [ { "place": "Dampier", "type": "iron ore" }, { "place": "Dalrymple Bay", "type": "coal" }, { "place": "Hay Point", "type": "coal" }, { "place": "Port Hedland", "type": "iron ore" }, { "place": "Port Walcott", "type": "iron ore" } ], "container_ports": [ { "place": "Brisbane", "twenty_foot_equivalent_units": 1004983 }, { "place": "Melbourne", "twenty_foot_equivalent_units": 2467967 }, { "place": "Sydney", "twenty_foot_equivalent_units": 2028074 } ], "liquid_natural_gas_terminals_export": [ "Darwin", "Karratha", "Burrup", "Curtis Island" ], "date": "2011" } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.95, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.81, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 1.69, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 1.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 1.83, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2011" } ], "global_rank": 50 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Australian Defense Force (ADF)", "Australian Army", "Royal Australian Navy (includes Naval Aviation Force)", "Royal Australian Air Force", "Joint Operations Command (JOC)" ], "date": "2013" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 17, "note": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; women allowed to serve in most combat roles, except the Army special forces", "date": "2013" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "In 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste agreed to a 50-year development zone and revenue sharing arrangement and deferred a maritime boundary", "Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica", "Australia's 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed EEZ", "all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature", "Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef", "Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "refugees": { "by_country": [ { "people": 9217, "country_of_origin": "Afghanistan; Iran" } ], "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-24", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624100429/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170624000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html" } }, "austria": { "data": { "name": "Austria", "introduction": { "background": "Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's \"perpetual neutrality\" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the EU in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999." }, "geography": { "location": "Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 47, "minutes": 20, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 13, "minutes": 20, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Europe", "area": { "total": { "value": 83871, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 82445, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 1426, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 114, "comparative": "about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 2524, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Czech Republic", "border_length": { "value": 402, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Germany", "border_length": { "value": 801, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Hungary", "border_length": { "value": 321, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Italy", "border_length": { "value": 404, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Liechtenstein", "border_length": { "value": 34, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Slovakia", "border_length": { "value": 105, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Slovenia", "border_length": { "value": 299, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Switzerland", "border_length": { "value": 158, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 0, "units": "km", "note": "landlocked" }, "climate": "temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers", "terrain": "mostly mountains (Alps) in the west and south; mostly flat or gently sloping along the eastern and northern margins", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 910, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Neusiedler See", "elevation": { "value": 115, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Grossglockner", "elevation": { "value": 3798, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "oil", "coal", "lignite", "timber", "iron ore", "copper", "zinc", "antimony", "magnesite", "tungsten", "graphite", "salt", "hydropower" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 38.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 16.5, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.8, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 21.1, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 47.2, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 14.4, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 1170, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "landslides", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "avalanches", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "earthquakes", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution", "soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals", "air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Air Pollution", "Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides", "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants", "Air Pollution-Sulfur 85", "Air Pollution-Sulphur 94", "Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds", "Antarctic Treaty", "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Environmental Modification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Tropical Timber 83", "Tropical Timber 94", "Wetlands", "Whaling" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 8711770, "global_rank": 95, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Austrian(s)", "adjective": "Austrian" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Austrians", "percent": 91.1 }, { "name": "former Yugoslavs", "percent": 4, "note": "includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks" }, { "name": "Turks", "percent": 1.6 }, { "name": "Germans", "percent": 0.9 }, { "name": "other or unspecified", "percent": 2.4, "note": "2001 census" } ] }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "German", "percent": 88.6, "note": "official nationwide" }, { "name": "Turkish", "percent": 2.3 }, { "name": "Serbian", "percent": 2.2 }, { "name": "Croatian", "percent": 1.6, "note": "official in Burgenland" }, { "name": "other", "percent": 5.3, "note": "includes Slovene, official in South Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland" } ], "date": "2001" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Catholic", "percent": 73.8, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Roman Catholic", "percent": 73.6 }, { "name": "other Catholic", "percent": 0.2 } ] }, { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 4.9 }, { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 4.2 }, { "name": "Orthodox", "percent": 2.2 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.8, "note": "includes other Christian" }, { "name": "none", "percent": 12 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 2 } ], "date": "2001" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 14.02, "males": 625391, "females": 596310 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 11.33, "males": 503333, "females": 483748 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 42.71, "males": 1859985, "females": 1860641 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 12.85, "males": 554191, "females": 565189 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 19.09, "males": 719012, "females": 943970 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 49.2, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 21.2, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 28, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 3.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 43.8, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 42.7, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 44.9, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 12, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 0.51, "global_rank": 160, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 9.5, "global_rank": 204, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 9.5, "global_rank": 56, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 5.2, "global_rank": 24, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 66, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 0.4, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Vienna", "population": 1753000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.05, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.04, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.76, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.96, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 28.5, "date": "2011" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 4, "global_rank": 178, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 3.4, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 3.8, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 3.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 209, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 81.5, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 78.9, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 84.3, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 23, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.47, "global_rank": 202, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 65.7, "units": "%", "note": "percent of women aged 18-49", "date": "2012" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 11.2, "global_rank": 11, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 5.15, "date": "2015" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 7.6, "date": "2011" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 20.1, "global_rank": 93, "date": "2014" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 5.6, "global_rank": 44, "date": "2013" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 16, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 16, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 16, "units": "years" }, "date": "2015" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 10.3, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 10.6, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 9.9, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 108, "date": "2014" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Austria", "conventional_short_form": "Austria", "local_long_form": "Republik Oesterreich", "local_short_form": "Oesterreich", "etymology": "the name Oesterreich means \"eastern realm\" or \"eastern march\" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name" }, "government_type": "federal parliamentary republic", "capital": { "name": "Vienna", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 48, "minutes": 12, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 16, "minutes": 22, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 1, "note": "6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" }, "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October" }, "independence": { "date": "1918-11-12", "note": "republic proclaimed; notable earlier dates: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "National Day", "day": "26 October", "original_year": "1955", "note": "commemorates passage of the law on permanent neutrality" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian corporate state), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation, reinstated 1 May 1945", "amendments": "proposed through laws designated “constitutional laws” or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least a two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly if one-half of the members are present; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction", "accepts ICCt jurisdiction" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "10 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 16, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)", "head_of_government": "Chancellor Christian KERN (since 17 May 2016); Vice Chancellor Wolfgang BRANDSTETTER (since 17 May 2017)", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor", "elections_appointments": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round), 22 May 2016 (second round, which was annulled), and 4 December 2016 (second round re-vote); next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor", "election_results": "percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander VAN DER BELLEN 53.8%, Norbet HOFER 46.2%" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)", "elections": "National Council - last held on 29 September 2013 (next to be held on 15 October 2017)", "election_results": "National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 26.8%, OeVP 24.0%, FPOe 20.5%, Greens 12.4%, Team Stronach 5.7%, NEOS 5.0%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 52, OeVP 47, FPOe 40, Greens 24, Team Stronach 11, NEOS 9; note - currently: SPOe 52, OeVP 50, FPOe 38, Greens 24, NEOS 9, Team Stronach 6, without faction 4" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president", "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Austrian People's Party", "name_alternative": "OeVP", "leaders": [ "Sebastian KURZ" ] }, { "name": "Communist Party of Austria", "name_alternative": "KPOe", "leaders": [ "Mirko MESSNER" ] }, { "name": "Freedom Party of Austria", "name_alternative": "FPOe", "leaders": [ "Heinz-Christian STRACHE" ] }, { "name": "The Greens", "leaders": [ "Eva GLAWISCHNIG" ] }, { "name": "NEOS - The New Austria", "leaders": [ "Matthias STROLZ" ] }, { "name": "Social Democratic Party of Austria", "name_alternative": "SPOe", "leaders": [ "Christian KERN" ] }, { "name": "Team Stronach", "leaders": [ "Frank STRONACH" ] } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Austrian Trade Union Federation", "name_alternative": "OeGB", "note": "nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic" }, { "name": "Federal Agriculture Chamber ", "note": "OeVP-dominated" }, { "name": "Federal Economic Chamber ", "note": "OeVP-dominated" }, { "name": "Labor Chamber", "name_alternative": "AK", "note": "Social Democratic-leaning think tank" }, { "name": "OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists", "name_alternative": "IV" }, { "name": "Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action" }, { "name": "three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business" }, { "name": "labor" }, { "name": "farmers" }, { "name": "other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ADB ", "note": "nonregional member" }, { "organization": "AfDB ", "note": "nonregional member" }, { "organization": "Australia Group" }, { "organization": "BIS" }, { "organization": "BSEC ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "CE" }, { "organization": "CEI" }, { "organization": "CERN" }, { "organization": "EAPC" }, { "organization": "EBRD" }, { "organization": "ECB" }, { "organization": "EIB" }, { "organization": "EMU" }, { "organization": "ESA" }, { "organization": "EU" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "FATF" }, { "organization": "G-9" }, { "organization": "IADB" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "national committees" }, { "organization": "ICCt" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IEA" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "IGAD ", "note": "partners" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "MINURSO" }, { "organization": "NEA" }, { "organization": "NSG" }, { "organization": "OAS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OECD" }, { "organization": "OIF ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE" }, { "organization": "Paris Club" }, { "organization": "PCA" }, { "organization": "PFP" }, { "organization": "Schengen Convention" }, { "organization": "SELEC ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNFICYP" }, { "organization": "UNHCR" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNIFIL" }, { "organization": "UNTSO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" }, { "organization": "ZC" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Wolfgang WALDNER (since 28 January 2016)", "chancery": "3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035", "telephone": "[1] (202) 895-6700", "fax": "[1] (202) 895-6750", "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York", "consulates": "Chicago" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Eugene YOUNG (since 20 January 2017)", "embassy": "Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna", "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", "telephone": "[43] (1) 31339-0", "fax": "[43] (1) 3100682" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "golden eagle" }, { "symbol": "edelweiss" }, { "symbol": "Alpine gentian" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "white" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Bundeshymne\" (Federal Hymn)", "lyrics_music": "Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed)", "note": "adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AU.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a relatively sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector.\n\nEconomic growth has been relatively weak in recent years, approaching 0.9% in 2015, but rising to 1.4% in 2016. Austria's 5.8% unemployment rate, while low by European standards, is at its highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market. Without extensive vocational training programs and generous early retirement, the unemployment rate would be even higher.\n\nAlthough Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, it faces several external risks, such as unexpectedly weak world economic growth threatening the export market, Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, repercussions from the Hypo Alpe Adria bank collapse, political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis, the current refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine. The budget deficit stood at 1.4% of GDP in 2016 and public debt reached a post-war high of 86.2% of the GDP in 2015.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 416600000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 410400000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 406900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 47, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 387300000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 0.4, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 158 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 47900, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 47600, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 47600, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 32, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 52.7, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 20, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 22.8, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0.4, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 53.1, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -49, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 1.3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 28.1, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 70.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 25.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 25, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 24.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 48 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "grains", "potatoes", "wine", "fruit", "dairy products", "cattle", "pigs", "poultry", "lumber", "forestry products" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "construction", "machinery", "vehicles", "parts", "food", "metals", "chemicals", "lumber", "paper", "paperboard", "communications equipment", "tourism" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 1.4, "global_rank": 135, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 3944000, "global_rank": 92, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 0.7, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 25.3, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 74, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6.1, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 5.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 76 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 4, "units": "%", "date": "2014" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 2.8, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 23.5, "units": "%" }, "date": "2012" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 29.2, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 26.3, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2007" } ], "global_rank": 128 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 187300000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 192600000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 48.4, "global_rank": 16, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -1.5, "global_rank": 66, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 83.5, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 86.2, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 28, "note": "this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices" }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.9, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 66 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 2, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 179 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 203100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 193900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 22, "note": "see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders" }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 319300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 317200000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 33 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 467000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 462900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 26 }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 96080000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 96790000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" }, { "value": 117700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 41 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9283000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 6963000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 23 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 144300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 144700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 31 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "equipment", "motor vehicles", "parts", "paper", "paperboard", "metal goods", "chemicals", "iron", "steel", "textiles", "foodstuffs" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Germany", "percent": 30.5 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 6.6 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 6.4 }, { "name": "Switzerland", "percent": 5.5 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 4.1 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 149100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 146900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 27 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "equipment", "motor vehicles", "chemicals", "metal goods", "oil", "oil products", "natural gas", "foodstuffs" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Germany", "percent": 37.2 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 6.2 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 5.9 }, { "name": "Switzerland", "percent": 5.3 }, { "name": "Czech Republic", "percent": 4.3 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 25220000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2017-02-17" }, { "value": 24940000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 52 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 689100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-03-31" }, { "value": 679300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-03-31" } ], "global_rank": 18 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 304700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 294900000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 22 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 363600000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 349300000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 19 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.9214, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.885, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 0.885, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 0.7634, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 0.78, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "euros (EUR) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 64950000000, "global_rank": 47, "date": "2015" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 69950000000, "global_rank": 38, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "kWh": 19310000000, "global_rank": 9, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "kWh": 29370000000, "global_rank": 6, "date": "2015" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 24220000, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 29, "global_rank": 182, "date": "2015" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 45, "date": "2015" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 62.3, "global_rank": 34, "date": "2015" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 8.7, "global_rank": 44, "date": "2015" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 16500, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 95, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 165300, "global_rank": 34, "date": "2015" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 47500000, "global_rank": 80, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 200900, "global_rank": 53, "date": "2015" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 264600, "global_rank": 49, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 50640, "global_rank": 55, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 117300, "global_rank": 49, "date": "2015" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 1197000000, "global_rank": 64, "date": "2015" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 7914000000, "global_rank": 52, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 2529000000, "global_rank": 37, "date": "2014" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 5722000000, "global_rank": 32, "date": "2014" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 7900000000, "global_rank": 86, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 78900000, "global_rank": 45, "date": "2015" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 3609900, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 42, "global_rank": 45, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 13471000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 155, "global_rank": 71, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "highly developed and efficient", "domestic": "mobile-cellular subscribership is over 90% of the population; cable networks are very extensive, the fiber-optic net is being developed; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is available in all large municipalities", "international": "country code - 43; earth stations available in the Astra, Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2016)" } }, "broadcast_media": "worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet streaming not only complements, but increasingly replaces regular TV stations (2016)", "internet": { "country_code": ".at", "users": { "total": 7273000, "percent_of_population": 83.9, "global_rank": 53, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 11, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 130, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 14718641, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 351379000, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "OE", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 52, "global_rank": 90, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 24, "over_3047_metres": 1, "2438_to_3047_metres": 5, "1524_to_2437_metres": 1, "914_to_1523_metres": 4, "under_914_metres": 13, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 28, "1524_to_2437_metres": 1, "914_to_1523_metres": 3, "under_914_metres": 24, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 1, "date": "2013" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "gas", "length": 1888, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil", "length": 594, "units": "km" }, { "type": "refined products", "length": 157, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2017" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 5800, "units": "km" }, "standard_gauge": { "length": 5267.7, "electrified": 3556.4, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.435-m" }, "global_rank": 35, "date": "2016" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 138696, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 138696, "units": "km", "note": "includes 2,208 km of expressways" }, "global_rank": 39, "date": "2016" }, "waterways": { "value": 358, "units": "km", "global_rank": 89, "date": "2011" }, "merchant_marine": { "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 3, "by_country": [ { "country": "Cyprus", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Kazakhstan", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "count": 1 } ] }, "global_rank": 134, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "river_ports": [ "Enns", "Krems", "Linz", "Vienna (Danube)" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.68, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 0.67, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 0.75, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 0.75, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 0.78, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" } ], "global_rank": 115 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Land Forces (KdoLdSK)", "Air Forces (KdoLuSK)" ], "date": "2014" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "note": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system", "date": "2015" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "none" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "refugees": { "by_country": [ { "people": 30958, "country_of_origin": "Syria; Afghanistan; Russia; Iraq" } ], "date": "2016" }, "stateless_persons": { "people": 937, "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-07-01", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701102631/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.html" } }, "azerbaijan": { "data": { "name": "Azerbaijan", "introduction": { "background": "Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily ethnic Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous republic within Soviet Azerbaijan after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the territory's status. Armenia and Azerbaijan reignited their dispute over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated militarily after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. The OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by the US, France, and Russia, is the framework established to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict.\nCorruption in the country is widespread, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum and approved extending presidential terms from 5 to 7 years in 2016, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced and infrastructure investment has increased substantially in recent years due to revenue from oil and gas production, reforms have not adequately addressed weaknesses in most government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, as well as the court system." }, "geography": { "location": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 40, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 47, "minutes": 30, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Asia", "area": { "total": { "value": 86600, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 82629, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 3971, "units": "sq km" }, "note": "includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991", "global_rank": 113, "comparative": "about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 2468, "units": "km" }, "border_countries": [ { "country": "Armenia", "border_length": { "value": 996, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Georgia", "border_length": { "value": 428, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Iran", "border_length": { "value": 689, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Russia", "border_length": { "value": 338, "units": "km" } }, { "country": "Turkey", "border_length": { "value": 17, "units": "km" } } ] }, "coastline": { "value": 0, "units": "km", "note": "landlocked; note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea 713 km" }, "climate": "dry, semiarid steppe", "terrain": "large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea", "elevation": { "mean_elevation": { "value": 384, "units": "m" }, "lowest_point": { "name": "Caspian Sea", "elevation": { "value": -28, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Bazarduzu Dagi", "elevation": { "value": 4485, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "petroleum", "natural gas", "iron ore", "nonferrous metals", "bauxite" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 57.6, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 22.8, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 2.7, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 32.1, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 11.3, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 31.1, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 14277, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly evenly distributed population", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "droughts", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air", "soil", "and water pollution", "soil pollution results from oil spills", "from the use of DDT pesticide", "and from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Air Pollution", "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Hazardous Wastes", "Marine Dumping", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Wetlands" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 9872765, "global_rank": 92, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Azerbaijani(s)", "adjective": "Azerbaijani" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Azerbaijani", "percent": 91.6 }, { "name": "Lezghin", "percent": 2 }, { "name": "Russian", "percent": 1.3 }, { "name": "Armenian", "percent": 1.3 }, { "name": "Talysh", "percent": 1.3 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 2.4 } ], "note": "the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region is populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians", "date": "2009" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Azerbaijani", "percent": 92.5, "note": "Azeri; official" }, { "name": "Russian", "percent": 1.4 }, { "name": "Armenian", "percent": 1.4 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 4.7 } ], "date": "2009" }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 96.9, "note": "predominantly Shia" }, { "name": "Christian", "percent": 3 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.1 }, { "name": "unaffiliated", "percent": 0.1 } ], "note": "religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower", "date": "2010" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 22.82, "males": 1204976, "females": 1047737 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 15.77, "males": 812537, "females": 744538 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 45.28, "males": 2188683, "females": 2281242 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 9.64, "males": 439566, "females": 512118 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 6.5, "males": 245144, "females": 396224 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 38, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 30.3, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 7.8, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 12.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 30.9, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 29.3, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 32.6, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 107, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 0.92, "global_rank": 123, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 16.2, "global_rank": 116, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 7.1, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 0, "global_rank": 72, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly evenly distributed population", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 54.6, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 1.56, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Baku", "population": 2374000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.11, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.15, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.09, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 0.96, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.86, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.62, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.98, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "mothers_mean_age_at_first_birth": { "age": 23.5, "date": "2013" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 25, "global_rank": 113, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 24.7, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 25.6, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 23.8, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 70, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 72.5, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 69.5, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 75.8, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 143, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.9, "global_rank": 138, "date": "2016" }, "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { "value": 51.1, "units": "%", "date": "2006" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 6, "global_rank": 128, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 3.4, "date": "2014" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 4.7, "date": "2012" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 94.7, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 77.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 87, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 5.3, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 22.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 13, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 91.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 86.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 89.3, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 8.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 13.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 10.7, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 0.17, "global_rank": 106, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 10700, "global_rank": 100, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 300, "global_rank": 92, "date": "2015" } }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 22.2, "global_rank": 71, "date": "2014" }, "underweight_children": { "percent_of_children_under_the_age_of_five": 4.9, "global_rank": 75, "date": "2013" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 2.6, "global_rank": 158, "date": "2014" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 99.8, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 99.9, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 99.8, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "school_life_expectancy": { "total": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 13, "units": "years" }, "date": "2014" }, "child_labor": { "total_number": 144397, "percentage": { "value": 7, "units": "%" }, "note": "data represent children ages 5-17", "date": "2005" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 13.8, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 12, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 15.6, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 83, "date": "2013" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Azerbaijan", "conventional_short_form": "Azerbaijan", "local_long_form": "Azarbaycan Respublikasi", "local_short_form": "Azarbaycan", "former": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic", "etymology": "the name translates as \"Land of Fire\" and refers to naturally occurring surface fires on ancient oil pools or from natural gas discharges" }, "government_type": "presidential republic", "capital": { "name": "Baku (Baki, Baky)", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 40, "minutes": 23, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 49, "minutes": 52, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 4, "note": "9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1991-08-30", "note": "declared from the Soviet Union; 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Republic Day", "day": "28 May", "original_year": "1918", "note": "founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan" } ], "constitution": { "history": "several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995", "amendments": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2009, 2016 (2017)" }, "legal_system": "civil law system", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "non-party state to the ICCt" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "yes", "citizenship_by_descent": "yes", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "5 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003); First Vice President Mehriban ALIYEVA (since February 2017)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Yaqub EYYUBOV (since June 2006); note - RASIZADE was previously prime minister from 20 July 1996 to 4 August 2003", "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly", "elections_appointments": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 9 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; note - a constitutional amendment approved in a September 2016 referendum will expand presidential terms from 5 to 7 years when it formally takes effect; a separate constitutional amendment approved in the September 2016 referendum also introduced the post of first vice-president and additional vice-presidents, who are directly appointed by the", "election_results": "Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 84.5%, Jamil HASANLI (National Council of Democratic Forces) 5.5%, other 10%", "note": "OSCE observers concluded that the election did not meet international standards" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)", "elections": "last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held in November 2020)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 72, CSP 2, Democratic Reforms 1, Social Democratic Party 1, Social Prosperity 1, Unity Party 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, Motherland 1, Civil Unity 1, Great Undertaking Party 1, National Renaissance Party 1, independent 41" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms", "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts;" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Civil Solidarity Party", "name_alternative": "CSP", "leaders": [ "Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI" ] }, { "name": "Civil Unity Party", "name_alternative": "CUP", "leaders": [ "Sabir HAJIYEV" ] }, { "name": "Democratic Enlightenment", "leaders": [ "Elshan MUSAYEV" ] }, { "name": "Democratic Reforms Party", "leaders": [ "Asim MOLLAZADE" ] }, { "name": "Great Undertaking", "leaders": [ "Fazil MUSTAFA" ] }, { "name": "Musavat", "leaders": [ "Arif HAJILI" ] }, { "name": "Popular Front Party", "leaders": [ "Ali KARIMLI" ] }, { "name": "Motherland Party", "name_alternative": "AVP", "leaders": [ "Fazail AGAMALI" ] }, { "name": "National Renaissance Party" }, { "name": "Social Democratic Party", "leaders": [ "Ayaz MUTALIBOV" ] }, { "name": "Social Prosperity Party", "leaders": [ "Khanhusein KAZIMLI" ] }, { "name": "Unity Party", "leaders": [ "Tahir KARIMLI" ] }, { "name": "Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party", "leaders": [ "Gudrat HASANGULIYEV" ] }, { "name": "Yeni Azerbaijan Party", "name_alternative": "YAP", "leaders": [ "President Ilham ALIYEV" ], "note": "New" } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "D18]", "leaders": [ "Ruslan IZZETLI" ] }, { "name": "Ireli Youth Movement", "leaders": [ "MirHasan SEYIDOV" ] }, { "name": "National Council of Democratic Forces", "leaders": [ "Jamil HASANLI" ] }, { "name": "N!DA Youth Movement", "leaders": [ "Turgut GAMBAR", "Ulvi HASANLI" ] }, { "name": "Republican Alternative", "name_alternative": "REAL", "leaders": [ "Ilgar MAMMADOV " ], "note": "in prison since 2013" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ADB" }, { "organization": "BSEC" }, { "organization": "CD" }, { "organization": "CE" }, { "organization": "CICA" }, { "organization": "CIS" }, { "organization": "EAPC" }, { "organization": "EBRD" }, { "organization": "ECO" }, { "organization": "EITI ", "note": "compliant country" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "GCTU" }, { "organization": "GUAM" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IDB" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM" }, { "organization": "OAS ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "OIC" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "OSCE" }, { "organization": "PFP" }, { "organization": "SELEC ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNHCR" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO ", "note": "observer" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Elin SULEYMANOV (since 5 December 2011)", "chancery": "2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 337-3500", "fax": "[1] (202) 337-5911", "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert CEKUTA (since 16 February 2015)", "embassy": "111 Azadlig Prospekti, Baku AZ1007", "mailing_address": "American Embassy Baku, US Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050", "telephone": "[994] (12) 488-3300", "fax": "[994] (12) 488-3330" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band; the blue band recalls Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red stands for modernization and progress, and green refers to Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "flames of fire" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "blue" }, { "color": "red" }, { "color": "green" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Azerbaijan Marsi\" (March of Azerbaijan)", "lyrics_music": "Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV", "note": "adopted 1992; although originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, \"Azerbaijan Marsi\" did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/AJ.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Prior to the decline in the global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports, and some non-export sectors also featured double-digit growth. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. Declining oil prices caused a 3.8 % contraction in GDP in 2016, reinforced by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline has been accompanied by higher inflation and a weakened banking sector in the aftermath of the two sharp currency devaluations in 2015.\n\nAzerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors, but the government has made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and with the “ASAN” one-stop window concept for government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports, mainly from the agricultural sector, for example with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the United States, and others.\n\nLong-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to implement export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the President approved a strategic roadmap that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, and tourism.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 165500000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 172000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 170100000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 72, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 37580000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -3.8, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.1, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 2.8, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 215 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 17700, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 18300, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 18200, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 93, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 56.2, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 13.9, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 27.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 0, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 47.5, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -44.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 7.2, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 49.6, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 43.3, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 30.5, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 31.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 36.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 25 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "fruit", "vegetables", "grain", "rice", "grapes", "tea", "cotton", "tobacco", "cattle", "pigs", "sheep", "goats" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "petroleum", "petroleum products", "natural gas", "oilfield equipment", "steel", "iron ore", "cement", "chemicals", "petrochemicals", "textiles" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": -0.4, "global_rank": 170, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 4961000, "global_rank": 82, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 37, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 14.3, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 48.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 5.3, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 58 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 4.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 3.4, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 27.4, "units": "%" }, "date": "2008" }, "distribution_of_family_income": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 33.7, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2008" }, { "value": 36.5, "units": "gini_index", "date": "2001" } ], "global_rank": 104 }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 10540000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 11590000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 30.9, "global_rank": 71, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -3.3, "global_rank": 115, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 20.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 19.8, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 168 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 12.4, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 3.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 210 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15, "units": "%", "date": "2017-03-10" }, { "value": 15, "units": "%", "date": "2016-09-14" } ], "global_rank": 11, "note": "this is the Refinancing Rate, the key policy rate for the National Bank of Azerbaijan" }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 12.2, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 13.86, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 68 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4194000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 5612000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 104 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 21320000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" }, { "value": 21570000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 89 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 11230000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 15630000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 103 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -1420000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -222000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 137 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 12480000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 15590000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 76 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "oil", "gas roughly", "machinery", "foodstuffs", "cotton" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Italy", "percent": 19.7 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 10.7 }, { "name": "France", "percent": 7.5 }, { "name": "Israel", "percent": 7 }, { "name": "Czech Republic", "percent": 4.8 }, { "name": "Indonesia", "percent": 4.2 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8532000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 9774000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 101 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "equipment", "foodstuffs", "metals", "chemicals" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Russia", "percent": 15.6 }, { "name": "Turkey", "percent": 12.7 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 9.2 }, { "name": "Germany", "percent": 7.5 }, { "name": "Italy", "percent": 6.4 }, { "name": "Japan", "percent": 6.1 }, { "name": "UK", "percent": 6 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 5.6 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 7453000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 7910000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 83 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 12650000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 12280000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 104 }, "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment": { "at_home": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 72700000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 66500000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 51 }, "abroad": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 16280000000.000002, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 14480000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 55 } }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1.526, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.0246, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1.0246, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 0.7844, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 0.79, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 24690000000, "global_rank": 71, "date": "2015" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 17620000000, "global_rank": 72, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "kWh": 265000000, "global_rank": 72, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "kWh": 107500000, "global_rank": 95, "date": "2015" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 7400000, "global_rank": 73, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 85, "global_rank": 90, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 39, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 14.9, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 150, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 842000, "global_rank": 23, "date": "2016" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 720000, "global_rank": 21, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 156, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 7000000000, "global_rank": 20, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 139300, "global_rank": 64, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 104000, "global_rank": 81, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 37330, "global_rank": 61, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 2249, "global_rank": 188, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 29370000000, "global_rank": 28, "date": "2016" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 11230000000, "global_rank": 47, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 8145000000, "global_rank": 26, "date": "2015" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 450000000, "global_rank": 67, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 2550000000000, "global_rank": 14, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 35000000, "global_rank": 73, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 1796027, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 18, "global_rank": 63, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 10697000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 109, "global_rank": 83, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "requires considerable expansion and modernization; fixed-line telephone and a broad range of other telecom services are controlled by a state-owned telecommunications monopoly and growth has been stagnant; more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market with three providers in 2017", "domestic": "teledensity of 18 fixed lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to 109 telephones per 100 persons; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan (Nakhchivan)", "international": "country code - 994; the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic link transits Azerbaijan providing international connectivity to neighboring countries; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2017)" } }, "broadcast_media": "3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities; local relays of several international broadcasters had been available until late 2008 when their broadcasts were banned from FM frequencies (2010)", "internet": { "country_code": ".az", "users": { "total": 7531000, "percent_of_population": 77, "global_rank": 60, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 2, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 35, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 1803112, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 41954600, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "4K", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 37, "global_rank": 108, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 30, "over_3047_metres": 5, "2438_to_3047_metres": 5, "1524_to_2437_metres": 13, "914_to_1523_metres": 4, "under_914_metres": 3, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 7, "under_914_metres": 7, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 1, "date": "2012" } }, "pipelines": { "by_type": [ { "type": "condensate", "length": 89, "units": "km" }, { "type": "gas", "length": 3890, "units": "km" }, { "type": "oil", "length": 2446, "units": "km" } ], "date": "2013" }, "railways": { "total": { "length": 2944.3, "units": "km" }, "broad_gauge": { "length": 2944.3, "units": "km", "gauge": "1.520-m" }, "global_rank": 71, "date": "2017" }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 52942, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 26789, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 26153, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 76, "date": "2006" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 104, "by_type": [ { "type": "tankers", "count": 34 }, { "type": "universal dry-cargo", "count": 20 }, { "type": "ferries", "count": 13 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 2 }, { "type": "auxillary ships", "count": 35 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 1, "by_country": [ { "country": "Turkey", "count": 1 } ] }, "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 2, "by_country": [ { "country": "Malta", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "count": 1 } ] }, "global_rank": 53, "date": "2017" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Baku (Baki) located on the Caspian Sea" ] } }, "military_and_security": { "expenditures": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5.61, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 4.56, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 4.58, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 4.72, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2012" }, { "value": 4.67, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2011" } ], "global_rank": 6 }, "branches": { "by_name": [ "Army", "Navy", "Air", "Air Defense Forces" ], "date": "2010" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 18, "note": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools", "date": "2012" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea", "the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability", "residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan", "local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders", "bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "internally_displaced_persons": { "people": 582000, "note": "conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh; internally_displaced_persons are mainly ethnic Azerbaijanis but also include ethnic Kurds, Russians, and Turks predominantly from occupied territories around Nagorno-Karabakh; includes internally_displaced_persons' descendants, returned internally_displaced_persons, and people living in insecure areas and excludes people displaced by natural disasters; around half the internally_displaced_persons live in the capital Baku", "date": "2016" }, "stateless_persons": { "people": 3585, "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-07-01", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701102632/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html" } }, "bahamas_the": { "data": { "name": "Bahamas, The", "introduction": { "background": "LLucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Piracy thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries because of The Bahamas close proximity to shipping lanes. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management. Because of its location, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US and Europe, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US." }, "geography": { "location": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 24, "minutes": 15, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 76, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "map_references": "Central America and the Caribbean", "area": { "total": { "value": 13880, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 10010, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 3870, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 161, "comparative": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 3542, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "exclusive_economic_zone": { "value": 200, "units": "nm" } }, "climate": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream", "terrain": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Atlantic Ocean", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Mount Alvernia on Cat Island", "elevation": { "value": 63, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "salt", "aragonite", "timber", "arable land" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 1.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 0.8, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 0.4, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 0.2, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 51.4, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 47.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 10, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "coral reef decay", "solid waste disposal" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Endangered Species", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Ship Pollution", "Wetlands" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 327316, "global_rank": 180, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Bahamian(s)", "adjective": "Bahamian" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "black", "percent": 90.6 }, { "name": "white", "percent": 4.7 }, { "name": "black and white", "percent": 2.1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.9 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 0.7 } ], "date": "2010" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "English", "note": "official" }, { "name": "Creole", "note": "among Haitian immigrants" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Protestant", "percent": 69.9, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Baptist", "percent": 34.9 }, { "name": "Anglican", "percent": 13.7 }, { "name": "Pentecostal Seventh Day Adventist", "percent": 4.4 }, { "name": "Methodist", "percent": 3.6 }, { "name": "Church of God", "percent": 1.9 }, { "name": "Brethren", "percent": 1.6 } ] }, { "name": "Roman Catholic", "percent": 12 }, { "name": "other Christian", "percent": 13, "breakdown": [ { "name": "includes Jehovah's Witness", "percent": 1.1 } ] }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.6 }, { "name": "none", "percent": 1.9 }, { "name": "unspecified", "percent": 2.6 } ], "date": "2010" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 22.75, "males": 37779, "females": 36691 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 16.79, "males": 27843, "females": 27116 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 44.12, "males": 72295, "females": 72107 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 8.87, "males": 13023, "females": 15998 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 7.47, "males": 9399, "females": 15065 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 41.2, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 29.6, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 11.7, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 8.5, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 31.8, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 30.6, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 32.9, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 100, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 0.83, "global_rank": 131, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 15.4, "global_rank": 127, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 7.1, "global_rank": 128, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 0, "global_rank": 74, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 82.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 1.53, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Nassau", "population": 267000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2014" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 0.81, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.62, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 0.96, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 80, "global_rank": 111, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 11.7, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 11.8, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 11.7, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 123, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 72.4, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 70, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 74.8, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 145, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.95, "global_rank": 128, "date": "2016" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 7.7, "global_rank": 70, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 2.72, "date": "2008" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 2.9, "date": "2011" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 98.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 98.4, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 98.4, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 1.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 1.6, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 1.6, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 92, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 92, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 92, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 8, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 8, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "hiv_aids": { "adult_prevalence_rate": { "percent_of_adults": 3.22, "global_rank": 19, "date": "2015" }, "people_living_with_hiv_aids": { "total": 8100, "global_rank": 103, "date": "2015" }, "deaths": { "total": 300, "global_rank": 85, "date": "2015" } }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 36.6, "global_rank": 13, "date": "2014" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 30.8, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 29.6, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 32.2, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 24, "date": "2012" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of The Bahamas", "conventional_short_form": "The Bahamas", "etymology": "name derives from the Spanish \"baha mar,\" meaning \"shallow sea,\" which describes the shallow waters of the Bahama Banks" }, "government_type": "parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm", "capital": { "name": "Nassau", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 25, "minutes": 5, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 77, "minutes": 21, "hemisphere": "W" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": -5, "note": "same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time" }, "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" }, "administrative_divisions": [ { "name": "Acklins Islands", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Berry Islands", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Bimini", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Black Point", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Cat Island", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Central Abaco", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Central Andros", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Central Eleuthera", "type": "district" }, { "name": "City of Freeport", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Crooked Island and Long Cay", "type": "district" }, { "name": "East Grand Bahama", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Exuma", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Grand Cay", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Harbour Island", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Hope Town", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Inagua", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Long Island", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Mangrove Cay", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Mayaguana", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Moore's Island", "type": "district" }, { "name": "North Abaco", "type": "district" }, { "name": "North Andros", "type": "district" }, { "name": "North Eleuthera", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Ragged Island", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Rum Cay", "type": "district" }, { "name": "San Salvador", "type": "district" }, { "name": "South Abaco", "type": "district" }, { "name": "South Andros", "type": "district" }, { "name": "South Eleuthera", "type": "district" }, { "name": "Spanish Wells", "type": "district" }, { "name": "West Grand Bahama", "type": "district" } ], "independence": { "date": "1973-07-10", "note": "from the UK" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "Independence Day", "day": "10 July", "original_year": "1973" } ], "constitution": { "history": "previous 1964 (preindependence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973; amended many times, last in 2016 (2016)" }, "legal_system": "common law system based on the English model", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "non-party state to the ICCt" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "at least one parent must be a citizen of The Bahamas", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "6-9 years" }, "suffrage": { "age": 18, "universal": true, "compulsory": false }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Marguerite PINDLING (since 8 July 2014)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS (since 11 May 2017)", "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by governor general on recommendation of prime minister", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (39 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time", "elections": "last held on 10 May 2017 (next to be held by May 2022)", "election_results": "percent of vote by party - FNM 57%, PLP 37%; seats by party - FNM 35, PLP 4" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_resident_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 9 justices – as of 2015)", "note": "as of 2008, the Bahamas was not a party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as the highest appellate court for the 15-member Caribbean Community (CARICOM); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for The Bahamas", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal president and Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister after consultation with the leader of the opposition party; other Court of Appeal and Supreme Court justices appointed by the governor general upon recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body headed by the chief justice; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 68, but can be extended until age 70; Supreme Court justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65, but can be extended until age 67", "subordinate_courts": "Industrial Tribunal; Stipendiary and Magistrates' Courts; Family Island Administrators" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Democratic National Alliance", "leaders": [ "Branville MCCARTNEY" ] }, { "name": "Free National Movement", "name_alternative": "FNM", "leaders": [ "Hubert MINNIS" ] }, { "name": "Progressive Liberal Party", "name_alternative": "PLP", "leaders": [ "Perry CHRISTIE" ] } ] }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "pressure_groups": [ { "name": "Friends of the Environment" }, { "name": "trade unions" } ] }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ACP" }, { "organization": "AOSIS" }, { "organization": "C" }, { "organization": "Caricom" }, { "organization": "CDB" }, { "organization": "CELAC" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "IADB" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IFAD" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "IMSO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM" }, { "organization": "ISO ", "note": "correspondent" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "LAES" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM" }, { "organization": "OAS" }, { "organization": "OPANAL" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "Petrocaribe" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO ", "note": "observer" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Dr. Eugene Glenwood NEWRY (since 3 December 2013)", "chancery": "2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-2660", "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2668", "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Miami, New York" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires Lisa A. JOHNSON (since 9 July 2014)", "embassy": "42 Queen Street, Nassau, New Providence", "mailing_address": "local or express mail address: P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; US Department of State, 3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370", "telephone": "[1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)", "fax": "[1] (242) 356-7174" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "blue marlin" }, { "symbol": "flamingo" }, { "symbol": "Yellow Elder flower" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "aquamarine" }, { "color": "yellow" }, { "color": "black" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"March On, Bahamaland!\"", "lyrics_music": "Timothy GIBSON", "note": "adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/BF.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "The Bahamas has the second highest per capital GDP in the English-speaking Caribbean with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and international banking. Tourism accounts for approximately 75-80% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than 7% of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. On January 1, 2015, the Government introduced a 7.5% Value Added Tax (VAT) on most goods and services, a measure designed to strengthen the fiscal balance sheet. In August 2016, Moody’s downgraded the Bahamas’ bond and issue ratings to Baa3 from Baa2 with a stable outlook, maintaining that rating in its February 2017 review. In December 2016, S\u0026P; downgraded the country to BB+ (speculative grade) from BBB- (investment grade) with a stable outlook based on projections of slow economic growth and the pace of debt accumulation. The Bahamas is the only country in the Western Hemisphere that is not a member of the World Trade Organization.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9066000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 9042000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 9195000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 160, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 9047000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 0.3, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -1.7, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": -0.5, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 191 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 24600, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 24800, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 25500, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 77, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 65.7, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 16.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 27.3, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 1, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 36.9, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -47.2, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 2.3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 7.6, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 90.1, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 14.1, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 11.2, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 9.2, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 126 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "citrus", "vegetables", "poultry" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "tourism", "banking", "oil bunkering", "maritime industries", "transshipment", "logistics", "salt", "aragonite", "pharmaceuticals" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 1.5, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 196900, "global_rank": 170, "date": "2013" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 11, "units": "%" }, "tourism": { "value": 49, "units": "%" }, "other_services": { "value": 37, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 15, "units": "%", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 15.8, "units": "%", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 161 }, "population_below_poverty_line": { "value": 9.3, "units": "%", "date": "2010" }, "household_income_by_percentage_share": { "lowest_ten_percent": { "value": 1, "units": "%" }, "highest_ten_percent": { "value": 22, "units": "%" }, "date": "2007" }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 1900000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 2300000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 21, "global_rank": 145, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -4.4, "global_rank": 147, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 64.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 64.4, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 57 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 July", "end": "30 June" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 69 }, "central_bank_discount_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4.5, "units": "%", "date": "2014-01-01" }, { "value": 4.5, "units": "%", "date": "2012-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 83 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 4.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 125 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2061000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 2051000000.0000002, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 130 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 6952000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 6546000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 121 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 9500000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 8922000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 188 }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2780000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2012-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 98 }, "current_account_balance": { "annual_values": [ { "value": -1018999999.9999999, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": -1415000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 123 }, "exports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 880000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 800000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 164 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "Rock lobster", "aragonite", "crude salt", "polystyrene products" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "Poland", "percent": 25.9 }, { "name": "Cote dIvoire", "percent": 20.6 }, { "name": "US", "percent": 15.6 }, { "name": "Dominican Republic", "percent": 14.1 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "imports": { "total_value": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2495000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2585000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 154 }, "commodities": { "by_commodity": [ "machinery", "transport equipment", "manufactures", "chemicals", "mineral fuels", "food", "live animals" ] }, "partners": { "by_country": [ { "name": "US", "percent": 22.8 }, { "name": "China", "percent": 15.2 }, { "name": "Japan", "percent": 9.7 }, { "name": "Poland", "percent": 7.8 }, { "name": "South Korea", "percent": 7.4 }, { "name": "Colombia", "percent": 6.9 }, { "name": "Brazil", "percent": 5.7 }, { "name": "Singapore", "percent": 5.6 } ], "date": "2015" } }, "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1020000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 895500000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 126 }, "external_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 17560000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2013-12-31" }, { "value": 16350000000.000002, "units": "USD", "date": "2012-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 95 }, "exchange_rates": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 1, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 1, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 1, "units": "USD", "date": "2013" }, { "value": 1, "units": "USD", "date": "2012" } ], "note": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar" } }, "energy": { "electricity": { "access": { "total_electrification": { "value": 100, "units": "%" }, "date": "2016" }, "production": { "kWh": 1700000000, "global_rank": 142, "date": "2014" }, "consumption": { "kWh": 1600000000, "global_rank": 145, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 110, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "kWh": 0, "global_rank": 125, "date": "2013" }, "installed_generating_capacity": { "kW": 600000, "global_rank": 140, "date": "2014" }, "by_source": { "fossil_fuels": { "percent": 100, "global_rank": 5, "date": "2012" }, "nuclear_fuels": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 50, "date": "2012" }, "hydroelectric_plants": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 162, "date": "2012" }, "other_renewable_sources": { "percent": 0, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2012" } } }, "crude_oil": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 109, "date": "2015" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 99, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 164, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "bbl": 0, "global_rank": 110, "date": "2016-01-01" } }, "refined_petroleum_products": { "production": { "bbl_per_day": 0, "global_rank": 120, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "bbl_per_day": 24000, "global_rank": 130, "date": "2014" }, "exports": { "bbl_per_day": 923, "global_rank": 111, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "bbl_per_day": 26330, "global_rank": 104, "date": "2013" } }, "natural_gas": { "production": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 159, "date": "2013" }, "consumption": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 121, "date": "2013" }, "exports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 65, "date": "2013" }, "imports": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 161, "date": "2013" }, "proved_reserves": { "cubic_metres": 0, "global_rank": 115, "date": "2009-01-01" } }, "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { "megatonnes": 4099999.9999999995, "global_rank": 132, "date": "2013" } }, "communications": { "telephones": { "fixed_lines": { "total_subscriptions": 120925, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 37, "global_rank": 140, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "mobile_cellular": { "total": 311000, "subscriptions_per_one_hundred_inhabitants": 96, "global_rank": 178, "date": "2015-07-01" }, "system": { "general_assessment": "modern facilities", "domestic": "totally automatic system; highly developed; the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links all of the major islands; Bahamas Telecommunications Company (BTC) privatized in 2011, but the government reacquired 51% share in 2014", "international": "country code - 1-242; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and two additional fiber-optic submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 (2017)" } }, "broadcast_media": "The Bahamas has 4 major TV providers that provide service to all major islands in the archipelago; 1 TV station is operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB) and competes freely with 3 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is widely available; there are 31 licensed broadcast (radio) service providers, 28 are privately owned FM radio stations operating on New Providence, Grand Bahama Island, Abaco Island, and on smaller islands in the country; the BCB operates a multi-channel radio broadcasting network that has national coverage; the sector is regulated by the Utilities Regulation and Competition Authority (2017)", "internet": { "country_code": ".bs", "users": { "total": 253000, "percent_of_population": 78, "global_rank": 151, "date": "2015-07-01" } } }, "transportation": { "air_transport": { "national_system": { "number_of_registered_air_carriers": 4, "inventory_of_registered_aircraft_operated_by_air_carriers": 16, "annual_passenger_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 587516, "annual_freight_traffic_on_registered_air_carriers": 172730, "date": "2015" }, "civil_aircraft_registration_country_code_prefix": { "prefix": "C6", "date": "2016" }, "airports": { "total": { "airports": 61, "global_rank": 80, "date": "2013" }, "paved": { "total": 24, "over_3047_metres": 2, "2438_to_3047_metres": 2, "1524_to_2437_metres": 13, "914_to_1523_metres": 7, "date": "2013" }, "unpaved": { "total": 37, "1524_to_2437_metres": 4, "914_to_1523_metres": 16, "under_914_metres": 17, "date": "2013" } }, "heliports": { "total": 1, "date": "2013" } }, "roadways": { "total": { "value": 2700, "units": "km" }, "paved": { "value": 1620, "units": "km" }, "unpaved": { "value": 1080, "units": "km" }, "global_rank": 170, "date": "2011" }, "merchant_marine": { "total": 1160, "by_type": [ { "type": "barge carrier", "count": 1 }, { "type": "bulk carrier", "count": 238 }, { "type": "cargo", "count": 170 }, { "type": "carrier", "count": 2 }, { "type": "chemical tanker", "count": 87 }, { "type": "combination ore/oil", "count": 8 }, { "type": "container", "count": 57 }, { "type": "liquefied gas", "count": 71 }, { "type": "passenger", "count": 102 }, { "type": "passenger/cargo", "count": 26 }, { "type": "petroleum tanker", "count": 225 }, { "type": "refrigerated cargo", "count": 97 }, { "type": "roll on/roll off", "count": 13 }, { "type": "specialized tanker", "count": 2 }, { "type": "vehicle carrier", "count": 61 } ], "foreign_owned": { "total": 1069, "by_country": [ { "country": "Angola", "count": 6 }, { "country": "Australia", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Belgium", "count": 6 }, { "country": "Bermuda", "count": 15 }, { "country": "Brazil", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Canada", "count": 96 }, { "country": "Croatia", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Cyprus", "count": 23 }, { "country": "Denmark", "count": 69 }, { "country": "Finland", "count": 8 }, { "country": "France", "count": 15 }, { "country": "Germany", "count": 30 }, { "country": "Greece", "count": 225 }, { "country": "Guernsey", "count": 6 }, { "country": "Hong Kong", "count": 3 }, { "country": "Indonesia", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Ireland", "count": 3 }, { "country": "Italy", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Japan", "count": 88 }, { "country": "Jordan", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Kuwait", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Malaysia", "count": 13 }, { "country": "Monaco", "count": 8 }, { "country": "Montenegro", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Netherlands", "count": 23 }, { "country": "Nigeria", "count": 2 }, { "country": "Norway", "count": 186 }, { "country": "Poland", "count": 34 }, { "country": "Saudi Arabia", "count": 16 }, { "country": "Singapore", "count": 7 }, { "country": "South Korea", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Spain", "count": 6 }, { "country": "Sweden", "count": 11 }, { "country": "Switzerland", "count": 1 }, { "country": "Thailand", "count": 4 }, { "country": "Turkey", "count": 3 }, { "country": "UAE", "count": 23 }, { "country": "UK", "count": 18 }, { "country": "US", "count": 109 } ] }, "registered_in_other_countries": { "total": 6, "by_country": [ { "country": "Panama", "count": 6 } ] }, "global_rank": 10, "date": "2010" }, "ports_and_terminals": { "major_seaports": [ "Freeport", "Nassau", "South Riding Point" ], "container_ports": [ { "place": "Freeport", "twenty_foot_equivalent_units": 1116272 } ], "cruise_ports": [ "Nassau" ], "date": "2011" } }, "military_and_security": { "branches": { "by_name": [ "Royal Bahamas Defense Force", "Land Force", "Navy", "Air Wing" ], "date": "2011" }, "service_age_and_obligation": { "years_of_age": 18, "note": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription", "date": "2012" } }, "transnational_issues": { "disputes": [ "disagrees with the US on the alignment of the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary" ], "refugees_and_iternally_displaced_persons": { "stateless_persons": { "people": 11, "date": "2016" } }, "illicit_drugs": { "note": "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center" } } }, "metadata": { "date": "2017-06-17", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170617101524/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html", "nearby_dates": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170617000000*/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html" } }, "bahrain": { "data": { "name": "Bahrain", "introduction": { "background": "In 1783, the Sunni Al-Khalifa family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. A steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing successful petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors, and also to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size, central location among Gulf countries, and proximity to Iran require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors.\nThe Sunni-led government has long struggled to manage relations with its large Shia-majority population. In early 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government confronted similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces to Bahrain. Political talks throughout 2014 between the government and opposition and loyalist political groups failed to reach an agreement, prompting opposition political societies to boycott parliamentary and municipal council elections in late 2014. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces." }, "geography": { "location": "Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 26, "minutes": 0, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 50, "minutes": 33, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "map_references": "Middle East", "area": { "total": { "value": 760, "units": "sq km" }, "land": { "value": 760, "units": "sq km" }, "water": { "value": 0, "units": "sq km" }, "global_rank": 188, "comparative": "3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" }, "land_boundaries": { "total": { "value": 0, "units": "km" } }, "coastline": { "value": 161, "units": "km" }, "maritime_claims": { "territorial_sea": { "value": 12, "units": "nm" }, "contiguous_zone": { "value": 24, "units": "nm" }, "continental_shelf": "extending to boundaries to be determined" }, "climate": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers", "terrain": "mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment", "elevation": { "lowest_point": { "name": "Persian Gulf", "elevation": { "value": 0, "units": "m" } }, "highest_point": { "name": "Jabal ad Dukhan", "elevation": { "value": 122, "units": "m" } } }, "natural_resources": { "resources": [ "oil", "associated", "nonassociated natural gas", "fish", "pearls" ] }, "land_use": { "by_sector": { "agricultural_land_total": { "value": 11.3, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_arable_land": { "value": 2.1, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_crops": { "value": 3.9, "units": "%" }, "agricultural_land_permanent_pasture": { "value": 5.3, "units": "%" }, "forest": { "value": 0.7, "units": "%" }, "other": { "value": 88, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2011" }, "irrigated_land": { "value": 40, "units": "sq km", "date": "2012" }, "population_distribution": "smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq", "natural_hazards": [ { "description": "periodic droughts", "type": "hazard" }, { "description": "dust storms", "type": "hazard" } ], "environment": { "current_issues": [ "desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land", "periods of drought", "and dust storms", "coastal degradation (damage to coastlines", "coral reefs", "and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers", "oil refineries", "and distribution stations", "lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs)" ], "international_agreements": { "party_to": [ "Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol", "Desertification", "Hazardous Wastes", "Law of the Sea", "Ozone Layer Protection", "Wetlands" ], "signed_but_not_ratified": [] } }, "note": "close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean" }, "people": { "population": { "total": 1378904, "global_rank": 156, "date": "2016-07-01" }, "nationality": { "noun": "Bahraini(s)", "adjective": "Bahraini" }, "ethnic_groups": { "ethnicity": [ { "name": "Bahraini", "percent": 46 }, { "name": "Asian", "percent": 45.5 }, { "name": "other Arab", "percent": 4.7 }, { "name": "African", "percent": 1.6 }, { "name": "European", "percent": 1 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 1.2, "note": "includes Gulf Co-operative country nationals, North and South Americans, and Oceanians" } ], "date": "2010" }, "languages": { "language": [ { "name": "Arabic", "note": "official" }, { "name": "English" }, { "name": "Farsi" }, { "name": "Urdu" } ] }, "religions": { "religion": [ { "name": "Muslim", "percent": 70.3 }, { "name": "Christian", "percent": 14.5 }, { "name": "Hindu", "percent": 9.8 }, { "name": "Buddhist", "percent": 2.5 }, { "name": "Jewish", "percent": 0.6 }, { "name": "folk religion \u003c.1" }, { "name": "unaffiliated", "percent": 1.9 }, { "name": "other", "percent": 0.2 } ], "middle_east": ":BAHRAIN", "date": "2010" }, "age_structure": { "0_to_14": { "percent": 19.27, "males": 134899, "females": 130792 }, "15_to_24": { "percent": 15.76, "males": 122683, "females": 94627 }, "25_to_54": { "percent": 56.07, "males": 505181, "females": 268034 }, "55_to_64": { "percent": 6.05, "males": 53693, "females": 29717 }, "65_and_over": { "percent": 2.85, "males": 19253, "females": 20025 }, "date": "2016" }, "dependency_ratios": { "ratios": { "total_dependency_ratio": { "value": 31.4, "units": "%" }, "youth_dependency_ratio": { "value": 28.2, "units": "%" }, "elderly_dependency_ratio": { "value": 3.2, "units": "%" }, "potential_support_ratio": { "value": 31.6, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2015" }, "median_age": { "total": { "value": 32.1, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 33.5, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 29.3, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 99, "date": "2016" }, "population_growth_rate": { "growth_rate": 2.33, "global_rank": 34, "date": "2016" }, "birth_rate": { "births_per_1000_population": 13.5, "global_rank": 144, "date": "2016" }, "death_rate": { "deaths_per_1000_population": 2.7, "global_rank": 223, "date": "2016" }, "net_migration_rate": { "migrants_per_1000_population": 12.6, "global_rank": 6, "date": "2016" }, "population_distribution": "smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq", "urbanization": { "urban_population": { "value": 88.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, "rate_of_urbanization": { "value": 1.71, "units": "%" } }, "major_urban_areas": { "places": [ { "place": "Manama", "population": 411000, "is_capital": true } ], "date": "2015" }, "sex_ratio": { "by_age": { "at_birth": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "0_to_14_years": { "value": 1.03, "units": "males/female" }, "15_to_24_years": { "value": 1.3, "units": "males/female" }, "25_to_54_years": { "value": 1.88, "units": "males/female" }, "55_to_64_years": { "value": 1.81, "units": "males/female" }, "65_years_and_over": { "value": 0.95, "units": "males/female" } }, "total_population": { "value": 1.54, "units": "males/female" }, "date": "2016" }, "maternal_mortality_rate": { "deaths_per_100k_live_births": 15, "global_rank": 138, "date": "2015" }, "infant_mortality_rate": { "total": { "value": 9.2, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "male": { "value": 10.2, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "female": { "value": 8.1, "units": "deaths_per_1000_live_births" }, "global_rank": 143, "date": "2016" }, "life_expectancy_at_birth": { "total_population": { "value": 78.9, "units": "years" }, "male": { "value": 76.7, "units": "years" }, "female": { "value": 81.1, "units": "years" }, "global_rank": 51, "date": "2016" }, "total_fertility_rate": { "children_born_per_woman": 1.77, "global_rank": 157, "date": "2016" }, "health_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 5, "global_rank": 165, "date": "2014" }, "physicians_density": { "physicians_per_1000_population": 0.94, "date": "2014" }, "hospital_bed_density": { "beds_per_1000_population": 2.1, "date": "2012" }, "drinking_water_source": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 100, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "sanitation_facility_access": { "improved": { "urban": { "value": 99.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 99.2, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 99.2, "units": "percent of population" } }, "unimproved": { "urban": { "value": 0.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "rural": { "value": 0.8, "units": "percent of population" }, "total": { "value": 0.8, "units": "percent of population" } }, "date": "2015" }, "adult_obesity": { "percent_of_adults": 34.1, "global_rank": 20, "date": "2014" }, "education_expenditures": { "percent_of_gdp": 2.6, "global_rank": 153, "date": "2012" }, "literacy": { "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", "total_population": { "value": 95.7, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 96.9, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 93.5, "units": "%" }, "date": "2015" }, "youth_unemployment": { "total": { "value": 5.3, "units": "%" }, "male": { "value": 2.6, "units": "%" }, "female": { "value": 12.2, "units": "%" }, "global_rank": 127, "date": "2012" } }, "government": { "country_name": { "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Bahrain", "conventional_short_form": "Bahrain", "local_long_form": "Mamlakat al Bahrayn", "local_short_form": "Al Bahrayn", "former": "Dilmun, State of Bahrain", "etymology": "the name means \"the two seas\" in Arabic and refers to the water bodies surrounding the archipelago" }, "government_type": "constitutional monarchy", "capital": { "name": "Manama", "geographic_coordinates": { "latitude": { "degrees": 26, "minutes": 14, "hemisphere": "N" }, "longitude": { "degrees": 50, "minutes": 34, "hemisphere": "E" } }, "time_difference": { "timezone": 3, "note": "8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time" } }, "independence": { "date": "1971-08-15", "note": "from the UK" }, "national_holidays": [ { "name": "National Day", "day": "16 December", "original_year": "1971", "note": "15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection" } ], "constitution": { "history": "adopted 14 February 2002", "amendments": "proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and “inherited rule” cannot be amended; amended 2012, 2017 (2017)" }, "legal_system": "mixed legal system of Islamic law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law", "international_law_organization_participation": [ "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration", "non-party state to the ICCt" ], "citizenship": { "citizenship_by_birth": "no", "citizenship_by_descent_only": "the father must be a citizen of Bahrain", "dual_citizenship_recognized": "no", "residency_requirement_for_naturalization": "25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals" }, "suffrage": { "age": 20, "universal": true, "compulsory": false, "note": "20 years of age; universal; note - Bahraini Cabinet in May 2011 endorsed a draft law lowering eligibility to 18 years" }, "executive_branch": { "chief_of_state": "King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)", "head_of_government": "Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al-Khalifa (since 1971); First Deputy Prime Minister SALMAN bin Hamad Al Khalifa (since 11 March 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak Al-Khalifa (since September 2005), Jawad bin Salim al-ARAIDH, ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman Al-Khalifa (since 11 December 2006), KHALID bin Abdallah Al Khalifa (since November 2010)", "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch", "elections_appointments": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch" }, "legislative_branch": { "description": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Consultative Council or Majlis al Shura (40 seats; members appointed by the king) and the Council of Representatives or Majlis al Nuwab (40 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 4-year renewable terms)", "elections": "Council of Representatives - last held in two rounds on 23 and 29 November 2014 (next to be held in November 2018)", "election_results": "Council of Representatives - percent of vote by society - NA; seats by society - Al-Asalah (Sunni Salafi) 2, Islamic Minbar (Sunni Muslim Brotherhood) 1, independent 36, other 1; note - Bahrain has societies rather than parties" }, "judicial_branch": { "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chairman and 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the president and 6 members); High Sharia Court of Appeal (court sittings include the president and at least one judge); appeals beyond the High Sharia Court of Appeal are heard by the Supreme Court of Appeal", "note": "the judiciary of Bahrain is divided into civil law courts and sharia law courts; sharia courts(involving personal status and family law) are further divided into Sunni Muslim and Shia Muslim", "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judges appointed by royal decree and serve for a specified tenure; Constitutional Court president and members appointed by the Higher Judicial Council, a body chaired by the monarch and includes judges from the Court of Cassation, sharia law courts, and Civil High Courts of Appeal; members serve 9-year terms; High Sharia Court of Appeal member appointment and tenure NA", "subordinate_courts": "Civil High Courts of Appeal; middle and lower civil courts; High Sharia Court of Appeal; Senior Sharia Court; military courts" }, "political_parties_and_leaders": { "parties": [ { "name": "Arab Islamic Center Society", "leaders": [ "Abdulrahman AL-BAKER" ] }, { "name": "Constitutional Gathering Society", "leaders": [ "Abdulrahman AL-BAKER" ] }, { "name": "Islamic Asalah", "leaders": [ "Abd al-Halim MURAD" ] }, { "name": "Islamic Saff Society", "leaders": [ "Abdullah Khalil BU GHAMAR" ] }, { "name": "Islamic Shura Society" }, { "name": "Movement of National Justice Society", "leaders": [ "Muhi al-Din KHAN" ] }, { "name": "National Action Charter Society", "leaders": [ "Muhammad AL-BUAYNAYN" ] }, { "name": "National Democratic Action Society", "name_alternative": "Wa'ad", "leaders": [ "Fouad SEYADI" ] }, { "name": "National Democratic Assembly", "leaders": [ "Hasan AL-ALI" ] }, { "name": "National Dialogue Society" }, { "name": "National Fraternity Society", "leaders": [ "Musa AL-ANSARI" ] }, { "name": "National Islamic Minbar", "leaders": [ "Ali AHMAD" ] }, { "name": "National Progressive Tribune", "leaders": [ "Abd al-Nabi SALMAN" ] }, { "name": "National Unity Gathering", "leaders": [ "Abdullatif AL-MAHMOOD" ] }, { "name": "Unitary National Democratic Assemblage", "leaders": [ "Fadhil ABBAS" ] } ], "note": "political parties are prohibited, but political societies were legalized under a July 2005 law" }, "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { "note": "none" }, "international_organization_participation": [ { "organization": "ABEDA" }, { "organization": "AFESD" }, { "organization": "AMF" }, { "organization": "CAEU" }, { "organization": "CICA" }, { "organization": "FAO" }, { "organization": "G-77" }, { "organization": "GCC" }, { "organization": "IAEA" }, { "organization": "IBRD" }, { "organization": "ICAO" }, { "organization": "ICC ", "note": "national committees" }, { "organization": "ICRM" }, { "organization": "IDA" }, { "organization": "IDB" }, { "organization": "IFC" }, { "organization": "IFRCS" }, { "organization": "IHO" }, { "organization": "ILO" }, { "organization": "IMF" }, { "organization": "IMO" }, { "organization": "IMSO" }, { "organization": "Interpol" }, { "organization": "IOC" }, { "organization": "IOM ", "note": "observer" }, { "organization": "IPU" }, { "organization": "ISO" }, { "organization": "ITSO" }, { "organization": "ITU" }, { "organization": "ITUC ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "LAS" }, { "organization": "MIGA" }, { "organization": "NAM" }, { "organization": "OAPEC" }, { "organization": "OIC" }, { "organization": "OPCW" }, { "organization": "PCA" }, { "organization": "UN" }, { "organization": "UNCTAD" }, { "organization": "UNESCO" }, { "organization": "UNIDO" }, { "organization": "UNWTO" }, { "organization": "UPU" }, { "organization": "WCO" }, { "organization": "WFTU ", "note": "NGOs" }, { "organization": "WHO" }, { "organization": "WIPO" }, { "organization": "WMO" }, { "organization": "WTO" } ], "diplomatic_representation": { "in_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador ABDALLAH bin Muhammad bin Rashid Al Khalifa (since 3 December 2013)", "chancery": "3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-1111", "fax": "[1] (202) 362-2192", "consulates_general": "New York" }, "from_united_states": { "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador William V. ROEBUCK (since 12 December 2014)", "embassy": "Building", "mailing_address": "PSC 451, Box 660, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama", "telephone": "[973] 1724-2700", "fax": "[973] 1727-2594" } }, "flag_description": { "description": "red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam", "note": "until 2002 the flag had eight white points, but this was reduced to five to avoid confusion with the Qatari flag" }, "national_symbol": { "symbols": [ { "symbol": "a red field surmounted by a white serrated band with five white points" } ], "colors": [ { "color": "red" }, { "color": "white" } ] }, "national_anthem": { "name": "\"Bahrainona\" (Our Bahrain)", "lyrics_music": "unknown", "note": "adopted 1971; although Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, they were changed in 2002 following the transformation of Bahrain from an emirate to a kingdom", "audio_url": "https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/anthems/BA.mp3" } }, "economy": { "overview": "Low oil prices have generated a budget deficit of at least a $4 billion deficit in 2016, nearly 14% of GDP. Bahrain has few options for covering this deficit, with meager foreign assets and a constrained borrowing ability. In the last year the three major US credit agencies downgraded Bahrain’s sovereign debt rating to “junk” status, citing persistently low oil prices and the government’s inability to more effectively cut spending.\n\nOil comprises 86% of Bahraini budget revenues, despite past efforts to diversify its economy and to build communication and transport facilities for multinational firms with business in the Gulf. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state.\n\nOther major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil - finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries.\n\nIn 2011 Bahrain experienced economic setbacks as a result of domestic unrest driven by the majority Shia population, however, the economy recovered in 2012-15, partly as a result of improved tourism. In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain’s regional competitiveness—especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism—and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector. Over the past year the government has lifted subsidies on meat, diesel, kerosene, and gasoline and has announced new higher prices for electricity and water, although it plans to roll these increases out more gradually that previous subsidy cuts.", "gdp": { "purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 66370000000.00001, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 65000000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 63190000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 100, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "official_exchange_rate": { "USD": 31820000000, "date": "2016" }, "real_growth_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 2.1, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 2.9, "units": "%", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 4.4, "units": "%", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 131 }, "per_capita_purchasing_power_parity": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 50300, "units": "USD", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 50200, "units": "USD", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 49800, "units": "USD", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 24, "note": "data are in 2016 dollars" }, "composition": { "by_end_use": { "end_uses": { "household_consumption": { "value": 48.5, "units": "%" }, "government_consumption": { "value": 16.6, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_fixed_capital": { "value": 18.7, "units": "%" }, "investment_in_inventories": { "value": 1.2, "units": "%" }, "exports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": 47.1, "units": "%" }, "imports_of_goods_and_services": { "value": -32.1, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" }, "by_sector_of_origin": { "sectors": { "agriculture": { "value": 0.3, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 33.8, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 65.9, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2016" } } }, "gross_national_saving": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 20, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 20.6, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" }, { "value": 32, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2014" } ], "global_rank": 89 }, "agriculture_products": { "products": [ "fruit", "vegetables", "poultry", "dairy products", "shrimp", "fish" ] }, "industries": { "industries": [ "petroleum processing", "refining", "aluminum smelting", "iron pelletization", "fertilizers", "Islamic", "offshore banking", "insurance", "ship repairing", "tourism" ] }, "industrial_production_growth_rate": { "annual_percentage_increase": 1.6, "global_rank": 121, "date": "2016" }, "labor_force": { "total_size": { "total_people": 809700, "global_rank": 150, "date": "2016" }, "by_occupation": { "occupation": { "agriculture": { "value": 1, "units": "%" }, "industry": { "value": 32, "units": "%" }, "services": { "value": 67, "units": "%" } }, "date": "2004" } }, "unemployment_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 4.1, "units": "%", "date": "2014" }, { "value": 4.3, "units": "%", "date": "2013" } ], "global_rank": 42, "note": "official estimate; actual rate is higher" }, "budget": { "revenues": { "value": 4370000000, "units": "USD" }, "expenditures": { "value": 8781000000, "units": "USD" }, "date": "2016" }, "taxes_and_other_revenues": { "percent_of_gdp": 13.7, "global_rank": 197, "date": "2016" }, "budget_surplus_or_deficit": { "percent_of_gdp": -13.9, "global_rank": 211, "date": "2016" }, "public_debt": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 72, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 58.7, "units": "percent_of_gdp", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 43 }, "fiscal_year": { "start": "1 January", "end": "31 December" }, "inflation_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 3.5, "units": "%", "date": "2016" }, { "value": 1.8, "units": "%", "date": "2015" } ], "global_rank": 151 }, "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 5.4, "units": "%", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 5.16, "units": "%", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 135 }, "stock_of_narrow_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 8971000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 8762000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 86 }, "stock_of_broad_money": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 27030000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 26710000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 81 }, "stock_of_domestic_credit": { "annual_values": [ { "value": 29280000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2016-12-31" }, { "value": 28290000000, "units": "USD", "date": "2015-12-31" } ], "global_rank": 79 }, "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": {