%% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk.
%% https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/

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@unpublished{Zach:2006aa,
	author = {Zach, Tzachi},
	date-added = {2026-01-09 10:03:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2026-01-09 10:08:34 -0500},
	doi = {10.2139/ssrn.588926},
	institution = {Washington University in St. Louis},
	note = {Working paper (AAA 2005 FARS Meeting Paper).},
	title = {Evaluating the {``Accrual-Fixation''} Hypothesis as an Explanation for the Accrual Anomaly},
	url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=588926},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=588926},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.588926}}

@article{Wu:2010aa,
	author = {Wu, Jin and Zhang, Lu and Zhang, X. Frank},
	date-added = {2026-01-09 10:03:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2026-01-09 10:07:56 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00353.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {1},
	pages = {177--223},
	title = {The q-Theory Approach to Understanding the Accrual Anomaly},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00353.x}}

@article{Khan:2008aa,
	author = {Khan, Mozaffar},
	date-added = {2026-01-09 10:03:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2026-01-09 10:07:13 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.07.001},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	number = {1},
	pages = {55--77},
	title = {Are accruals mispriced? Evidence from tests of an Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.07.001}}

@article{Desai:2004aa,
	author = {Desai, Hemang and Rajgopal, Shivaram and Venkatachalam, Mohan},
	date-added = {2026-01-09 10:03:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2026-01-09 10:06:24 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.2004.79.2.355},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {2},
	pages = {355--385},
	title = {Value-Glamour and Accruals Mispricing: One Anomaly or Two?},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2004.79.2.355}}

@article{Kraft:2006aa,
	author = {Kraft, Arthur and Leone, Andrew J. and Wasley, Charles},
	date-added = {2026-01-09 10:03:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2026-01-09 10:05:28 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2006.00202.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {2},
	pages = {297--339},
	title = {An Analysis of the Theories and Explanations Offered for the Mispricing of Accruals and Accrual Components},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2006.00202.x}}

@unpublished{Ng:2005aa,
	author = {Ng, Jeffrey},
	date-added = {2026-01-09 10:03:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2026-01-09 10:05:53 -0500},
	doi = {10.2139/ssrn.662602},
	institution = {The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania},
	note = {Working paper.},
	title = {Distress Risk Information in Accruals},
	url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=662602},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=662602},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.662602}}

@article{Di-Giuli:2014aa,
	author = {Di Giuli, Alberta and Kostovetsky, Leonard},
	date-added = {2025-12-10 11:12:15 -0500},
	date-modified = {2025-12-10 11:12:17 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.10.002},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	number = {1},
	pages = {158--180},
	title = {Are Red or Blue Companies More Likely to Go Green? Politics and Corporate Social Responsibility},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.10.002}}

@article{Servaes:2013aa,
	author = {Servaes, Henri and Tamayo, Ane},
	date-added = {2025-12-10 11:12:03 -0500},
	date-modified = {2025-12-10 11:12:06 -0500},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.1120.1630},
	journal = {Management Science},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1045--1061},
	title = {The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value: The Role of Customer Awareness},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1630}}

@article{Dhaliwal:2011aa,
	author = {Dhaliwal, Dan S. and Li, Oliver Z. and Tsang, Albert and Yang, Yong George},
	date-added = {2025-12-10 11:11:54 -0500},
	date-modified = {2025-12-10 11:11:57 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.00000005},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {1},
	pages = {59--100},
	title = {Voluntary Nonfinancial Disclosure and the Cost of Equity Capital: The Initiation of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000005}}

@article{Rice:2010aa,
	author = {Rice, Tara and Strahan, Philip E.},
	date-added = {2025-12-05 13:05:37 -0500},
	date-modified = {2025-12-05 13:05:37 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01555.x},
	issn = {1540-6261},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	month = may,
	number = {3},
	pages = {861--889},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {Does Credit Competition Affect Small‐Firm Finance?},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01555.x},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01555.x}}

@article{Hopkins:2018tg,
	author = {Hopkins, Justin J. and Lang, Mark H. and Zhao, Jianxin Donny},
	date-added = {2024-08-30 14:37:36 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:44:37 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/jfr-2021-017},
	issn = {2380-2154},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Reporting},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {105-130},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {The Rise of {VIEs} in {China}: Balancing State Control and Access to Foreign Capital},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/JFR-2021-017},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/JFR-2021-017}}

@misc{Gow_2022,
	author = {Gow, Ian D.},
	date-added = {2024-08-30 13:38:42 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:47:43 +1000},
	doi = {10.32614/cran.package.farr},
	journal = {CRAN: Contributed Packages},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {The R Foundation},
	title = {{farr}: Data and Code for Financial Accounting Research},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.farr},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.farr}}

@article{Black:2022tz,
	abstract = { During 2005--2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission conducted a randomized trial in which it removed short-sale restrictions from one third of the Russell 3000 firms. Early studies found modest market microstructure effects of removing the restrictions but no effect on short interest, stock returns, volatility, or price efficiency. More recently, many studies have attributed a wide range of indirect outcomes to this experiment, mostly without assessing the causal channels for those outcomes. We examine the three most often cited causal channels for these indirect effects: short interest, returns, and managerial fear. We find no evidence to support these channels. We then reexamine the principal findings in four recent studies using a sample that closely matches the actual experiment and a common research design and find minimal support for the reported indirect effects. Our findings highlight the importance of confirming a causal channel or an economic mechanism and show that sample selection and specification choices can produce statistical significance even without an underlying economic mechanism.This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4918. },
	author = {Black, Bernard S. and Desai, Hemang and Litvak, Katherine and Yoo, Woongsun and Yu, Jeff Jiewei},
	date-added = {2024-08-27 09:11:40 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-27 09:12:01 +1000},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2023.4918},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4918},
	journal = {Management Science},
	number = {8},
	pages = {5131-5156},
	title = {The SEC's Short-Sale Experiment: Evidence on Causal Channels and Reassessment of Indirect Effects},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4918},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2024},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4918}}

@article{Armstrong:2021uo,
	abstract = {This paper reviews the empirical methods used in the accounting literature to draw causal inferences. Recent years have seen a burgeoning growth in the use of methods that seek to exploit as-if random variation in observational settings---i.e., ``quasi-experiments.'' We provide a synthesis of the major assumptions of these methods, discuss several practical considerations relevant to the application of these methods in the accounting literature, and provide a framework for thinking about whether and when quasi-experimental and non-experimental methods are well-suited for addressing causal questions of interest to accounting researchers. While there is growing interest in addressing causal questions within the literature, we caution against the idea that one should restrict attention to only those causal questions for which there are quasi-experiments. We offer a complementary approach for addressing causal questions that does not rely on the availability of a quasi-experiment, but rather relies on a combination of economic theory, developing and falsifying alternative explanations, triangulating results across multiple settings, measures, and research designs, and caveating results where appropriate.},
	author = {Christopher Armstrong and John D. Kepler and Delphine Samuels and Daniel Taylor},
	date-added = {2024-08-26 15:06:45 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-10-13 17:35:58 +1100},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101521},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Causal inferences, Methodology, Quasi-experiments},
	number = {2},
	pages = {101521},
	title = {Causality redux: The evolution of empirical methods in accounting research and the growth of quasi-experiments},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410122000441},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410122000441},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101521}}

@book{guo2020propensity,
	author = {Guo, S. and Atkinson, P. and Delamont, S. and Cernat, A. and Sakshaug, J.W. and Williams, R.A.},
	date-added = {2024-04-29 06:52:45 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:12:16 +1000},
	isbn = {9781529747522},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications Limited},
	title = {Propensity Score Analysis},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=xsX9zQEACAAJ}}

@book{Wilkinson:2005aa,
	author = {Wilkinson, Leland},
	date-added = {2024-04-27 09:15:58 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-04-27 09:17:20 -0400},
	doi = {10.1007/0-387-28695-0},
	isbn = {0387245448},
	journal = {Statistics and Computing},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	title = {The Grammar of Graphics},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28695-0},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28695-0}}

@book{james2022introduction,
	author = {James, Gareth and Witten, Daniela and Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Robert},
	date-added = {2024-04-11 16:50:36 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:20:46 +1000},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-1418-1},
	isbn = {9781071614204},
	publisher = {Springer US},
	series = {Springer Texts in Statistics},
	title = {An Introduction to Statistical Learning: with Applications in {R}},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=maw-zwEACAAJ}}

@book{wickham2019advanced,
	author = {Wickham, Hadley},
	date-added = {2024-04-08 08:32:15 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:28:22 +1000},
	doi = {10.1201/9781351201315},
	isbn = {9781351201292},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	series = {Chapman \& {Hall}/{CRC The R Series}},
	title = {Advanced {R}, Second Edition},
	url = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JAOaDwAAQBAJ},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=JAOaDwAAQBAJ}}

@book{pearl2019book,
	author = {Pearl, Judea and Mackenzie, Dana},
	date-added = {2024-04-06 11:15:21 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:48:31 +1000},
	isbn = {9780141982410},
	publisher = {Penguin Books},
	series = {An Allen Lane Book},
	title = {The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=OgKMtgEACAAJ}}

@book{Simon:1994aa,
	author = {Simon, Carl P. and Blume, Lawrence},
	date-added = {2024-03-20 10:16:06 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-03-20 10:16:46 +1100},
	publisher = {W. W. Norton & Company},
	title = {Mathematics for Economists},
	year = {1994}}

@book{Chiang:1984aa,
	author = {Chiang, Alpha C.},
	date-added = {2024-03-20 10:14:24 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-03-20 10:15:11 +1100},
	publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
	title = {Fundamental methods of mathematical economics},
	year = {1984}}

@book{Wooldridge:2000aa,
	author = {Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
	date-added = {2024-03-20 10:08:04 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-03-20 10:09:02 +1100},
	publisher = {South-Western Thomson Learning},
	title = {Introductory Econometrics},
	year = {2000}}

@book{friedl2006mastering,
	author = {Friedl, J.E.F.},
	date-added = {2024-03-01 12:20:50 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:10:53 +1000},
	isbn = {9781449332532},
	lccn = {2007272426},
	publisher = {O'Reilly Media},
	title = {Mastering Regular Expressions: Understand Your Data and Be More Productive},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sshKXlr32-AC}}

@book{goyvaerts2009regular,
	author = {Goyvaerts, J. and Levithan, S.},
	date-added = {2024-03-01 12:19:04 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:43:42 +1000},
	isbn = {9780596520687},
	lccn = {2010487104},
	publisher = {{O'Reilly Media}},
	title = {Regular Expressions Cookbook},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=z8diyGOGbLQC}}

@book{davidson2004econometric,
	author = {Davidson, Russell and MacKinnon, James G.},
	date-added = {2024-02-21 11:52:18 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:08:28 +1000},
	isbn = {9780195123722},
	lccn = {2003056468},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {Econometric Theory and Methods},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=vqkap8AwAy0C}}

@book{kennedy2008guide,
	author = {Kennedy, Peter},
	date-added = {2024-02-21 10:35:23 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:45:59 +1000},
	isbn = {9781405182577},
	lccn = {2007039113},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {A Guide to Econometrics},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=69MDEAAAQBAJ}}

@book{pearl2018book,
	author = {Pearl, Judea and Mackenzie, Dana},
	date-added = {2024-02-17 13:33:34 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:48:25 +1000},
	isbn = {9780465097616},
	lccn = {2018005510},
	publisher = {Basic Books},
	title = {The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=9H0dDQAAQBAJ}}

@book{Pearl:2016aa,
	author = {Pearl, Judea and Glymour, Madelyn and Jewell, Nicholas P.},
	date-added = {2024-02-17 13:16:57 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-02-17 13:17:58 -0500},
	isbn = {9781119186847},
	lccn = {2015037219},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {Causal Inference in Statistics: A Primer},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=L3G-CgAAQBAJ},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=L3G-CgAAQBAJ}}

@book{Kuhn:2022aa,
	author = {Kuhn, Max and Silge, Julia},
	date-added = {2024-02-06 15:58:18 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:23:39 +1000},
	isbn = {9781492096450},
	publisher = {O'Reilly Media},
	title = {Tidy Modeling with {R}},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=98J6EAAAQBAJ}}

@book{Wickham:2023aa,
	address = {Sebastopol, CA},
	author = {Wickham, Hadley and {\c{C}}etinkaya-Rundel, Mine and Grolemund, Garrett},
	date-added = {2024-02-05 08:55:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:32:13 +1000},
	isbn = {9781492097365},
	publisher = {O'Reilly Media},
	title = {R for Data Science},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=TiLEEAAAQBAJ}}

@book{Aronow:2019aa,
	author = {Aronow, Peter M. and Miller, Benjamin T.},
	date-added = {2024-01-31 08:53:47 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-31 08:53:52 -0500},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316831762},
	isbn = {9781316631140},
	month = jan,
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Foundations of Agnostic Statistics},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316831762},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316831762}}

@book{Dunn:2018aa,
	author = {Dunn, Peter K. and Smyth, Gordon K.},
	date-added = {2024-01-31 08:52:17 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:33:14 +1000},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-0118-7},
	isbn = {9781441901187},
	issn = {2197-4136},
	journal = {Springer Texts in Statistics},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	title = {Generalized Linear Models With Examples in {R}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0118-7},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0118-7}}

@article{Dietrich:2022aa,
	author = {Dietrich, J. Richard and Muller, Karl A. and Riedl, Edward J.},
	date-added = {2024-01-28 11:28:57 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-28 11:29:04 -0500},
	doi = {10.1007/s11142-022-09684-2},
	issn = {1573-7136},
	journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
	month = may,
	number = {4},
	pages = {2150--2195},
	publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
	title = {On the validity of asymmetric timeliness measures of accounting conservatism},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-022-09684-2},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-022-09684-2}}

@article{Ball:2013aa,
	author = {Ball, Ray and Kothari, S. P. and Nikolaev, Valeri V.},
	date-added = {2024-01-27 14:12:29 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:26:36 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679x.12026},
	issn = {1475-679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = sep,
	number = {5},
	pages = {1071--1097},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {Econometrics of the {B}asu Asymmetric Timeliness Coefficient and Accounting Conservatism},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12026},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12026}}

@article{Jayaraman:2012aa,
	author = {Jayaraman, Sudarshan and Shivakumar, Lakshmanan},
	date-added = {2024-01-27 14:07:23 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-27 14:07:26 -0500},
	doi = {10.1007/s11142-012-9205-8},
	issn = {1573-7136},
	journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
	month = jul,
	number = {1},
	pages = {95--134},
	publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
	title = {Agency-based demand for conservatism: evidence from state adoption of antitakeover laws},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-012-9205-8},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-012-9205-8}}

@article{Dietrich:2007aa,
	author = {Dietrich, J. Richard and Muller, Karl A. and Riedl, Edward J.},
	date-added = {2024-01-28 10:43:46 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-28 10:43:54 -0500},
	doi = {10.1007/s11142-006-9023-y},
	issn = {1573-7136},
	journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {95--124},
	title = {Asymmetric timeliness tests of accounting conservatism},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-9023-y},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-9023-y}}

@article{Ball:2000aa,
	author = {Ball, Ray and Kothari, S.P and Robin, Ashok},
	date-added = {2024-01-27 12:37:23 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-27 12:37:29 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/s0165-4101(00)00012-4},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--51},
	publisher = {Elsevier BV},
	title = {The effect of international institutional factors on properties of accounting earnings},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(00)00012-4},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(00)00012-4}}

@book{Angrist:2014aa,
	author = {Angrist, Joshua D. and Pischke, J{\"o}rn-Steffen},
	date-added = {2024-01-26 12:14:35 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:04:08 +1000},
	isbn = {9781400852383},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {Mastering 'Metrics: The Path from Cause to Effect},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=dEh-BAAAQBAJ}}

@article{Basu:1997aa,
	author = {Basu, Sudipta},
	date-added = {2024-01-25 16:46:06 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-27 11:53:49 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/s0165-4101(97)00014-1},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	month = dec,
	number = {1},
	pages = {3--37},
	publisher = {Elsevier BV},
	title = {The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(97)00014-1},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1997},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(97)00014-1}}

@book{White:1984aa,
	address = {Orlando, FL},
	author = {White, Halbert},
	date-added = {2024-01-19 16:43:24 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:31:39 +1000},
	isbn = {9781483294421},
	publisher = {Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich},
	series = {Economic Theory, Econometrics, and Mathematical Economics},
	title = {Asymptotic Theory for Econometricians},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=GDmjBQAAQBAJ}}

@article{Karolyi:2015aa,
	author = {Karolyi, G. Andrew and Taboada, Alvaro G.},
	date-added = {2024-01-09 12:06:17 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-09 12:06:34 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/jofi.12262},
	issn = {1540-6261},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	month = nov,
	number = {6},
	pages = {2395--2450},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {Regulatory Arbitrage and Cross‐Border Bank Acquisitions},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12262},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12262}}

@article{Gourieroux:1984aa,
	author = {Gourieroux, C. and Monfort, A. and Trognon, A.},
	date-added = {2024-01-09 10:49:14 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-09 10:49:35 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1913472},
	issn = {0012-9682},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	month = may,
	number = {3},
	pages = {701},
	publisher = {JSTOR},
	title = {Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Methods: Applications to {P}oisson Models},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913472},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1913472}}

@book{Tinbergen:1962aa,
	address = {New York, NY},
	author = {Tinbergen, Jan},
	date-added = {2024-01-08 11:49:18 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-08 11:50:05 -0500},
	publisher = {Twentieth Century Fund},
	title = {The World Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy},
	year = {1962}}

@article{Tenreyro:2007aa,
	author = {Tenreyro, Silvana},
	date-added = {2024-01-08 11:06:52 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-08 11:06:58 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.007},
	issn = {0304-3878},
	journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
	month = mar,
	number = {2},
	pages = {485--508},
	publisher = {Elsevier BV},
	title = {On the trade impact of nominal exchange rate volatility},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.007},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.007}}

@article{Santos-Silva:2011aa,
	author = {Santos Silva, J.M.C. and Tenreyro, Silvana},
	date-added = {2024-01-05 10:45:20 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-05 10:45:24 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.econlet.2011.05.008},
	issn = {0165-1765},
	journal = {Economics Letters},
	month = aug,
	number = {2},
	pages = {220--222},
	publisher = {Elsevier BV},
	title = {Further simulation evidence on the performance of the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.05.008},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.05.008}}

@article{Santos-Silva:2006aa,
	author = {Santos Silva, J. M. C. and Tenreyro, Silvana},
	date-added = {2024-01-05 10:42:43 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-05 10:45:53 -0500},
	doi = {10.1162/rest.88.4.641},
	issn = {1530-9142},
	journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	month = nov,
	number = {4},
	pages = {641--658},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	title = {The Log of Gravity},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.4.641},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.4.641}}

@book{Wooldridge:2010aa,
	author = {Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
	date-added = {2024-01-05 10:31:38 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:31:33 +1000},
	edition = {2},
	isbn = {9780262296793},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	title = {Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=hSs3AgAAQBAJ}}

@book{Cameron:2009aa,
	author = {Cameron, Adrian Colin and Trivedi, Pravin K.},
	date-added = {2024-01-05 10:21:00 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:32:04 +1000},
	isbn = {9781597180481},
	lccn = {2009277898},
	publisher = {Stata Press},
	title = {Microeconometrics Using {S}tata},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=xPDtAAAAMAAJ}}

@article{Irarrazabal:2013aa,
	author = {Irarrazabal, Alfonso and Moxnes, Andreas and Opromolla, Luca David},
	date-added = {2024-01-05 10:14:28 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-05 10:14:33 -0500},
	doi = {10.1086/669877},
	issn = {1537-534X},
	journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {74--126},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	title = {The Margins of Multinational Production and the Role of Intrafirm Trade},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669877},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669877}}

@article{Jame:2016aa,
	author = {Jame, Russell and Johnston, Rick and Markov, Stanimir and Wolfe, Michael C.},
	date-added = {2023-11-30 10:16:47 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-11-30 10:17:17 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679x.12121},
	issn = {1475-679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = may,
	number = {4},
	pages = {1077--1110},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {The Value of Crowdsourced Earnings Forecasts},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12121},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12121}}

@article{Amihud:2002aa,
	author = {Amihud, Yakov},
	date-added = {2023-11-26 16:47:00 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-11-26 16:47:04 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/s1386-4181(01)00024-6},
	issn = {1386-4181},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Markets},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {31--56},
	publisher = {Elsevier BV},
	title = {Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-4181(01)00024-6},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-4181(01)00024-6}}

@article{Loughran:2014aa,
	author = {Loughran, Tim and McDonald, Bill},
	date-added = {2023-11-22 16:00:02 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-11-22 16:00:19 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/jofi.12162},
	issn = {1540-6261},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	month = jul,
	number = {4},
	pages = {1643--1671},
	publisher = {Wiley},
	title = {Measuring Readability in Financial Disclosures},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12162},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12162}}

@article{Guay:2016aa,
	author = {Guay, Wayne R. and Samuels, Delphine and Taylor, Daniel J.},
	date-added = {2023-11-10 15:11:27 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-11-10 15:15:19 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2016.09.001},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	month = {nov},
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {234--269},
	publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
	title = {Guiding through the Fog: Financial statement complexity and voluntary disclosure},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jacceco.2016.09.001},
	volume = {62},
	year = 2016,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2016.09.001}}

@article{Frank:2000aa,
	author = {Frank, Kenneth A.},
	date-added = {2023-11-01 07:26:16 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-11-08 10:36:12 -0500},
	doi = {10.1177/0049124100029002001},
	journal = {Sociological Methods & Research},
	month = {11},
	number = {2},
	pages = {147--194},
	publisher = {{SAGE} Publications},
	title = {Impact of a Confounding Variable on a Regression Coefficient},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0049124100029002001},
	volume = {29},
	year = 2000,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0049124100029002001},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124100029002001}}

@article{call2019response,
	author = {Call, Andrew C and Sharp, Nathan Y and Wilde, Jaron H},
	date-added = {2023-10-31 10:17:40 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:27:52 +1000},
	journal = {Econ Journal Watch},
	number = {1},
	pages = {35--36},
	publisher = {The Fraser Institute},
	title = {A Response to ``{A}re a Few Huge Outcomes Distorting Financial Misconduct Research?''},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2019}}

@article{Kuvvet:2019aa,
	author = {Kuvvet, Emre},
	date-added = {2023-10-30 14:57:18 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-10-30 14:57:20 -0400},
	journal = {Econ Journal Watch},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--34},
	title = {Are a Few Huge Outcomes Distorting Financial Misconduct Research?},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2019}}

@article{Call:2018aa,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT Whistleblowers are ostensibly a valuable resource to regulators investigating securities violations, but whether there is a link between whistleblower involvement and the outcomes of enforcement actions is unclear. Using a data set of employee whistleblowing allegations obtained from the U.S. government and the universe of enforcement actions for financial misrepresentation, we find that whistleblower involvement is associated with higher monetary penalties for targeted firms and employees and with longer prison sentences for culpable executives. We also find that regulators more quickly begin enforcement proceedings when whistleblowers are involved. Our findings suggest that whistleblowers are a valuable source of information for regulators who investigate and prosecute financial misrepresentation.},
	author = {Call, Andrew C. and Martin, Gerald S. and Sharp, Nathan Y. and Wilde, Jaron H.},
	date-added = {2023-10-30 09:56:55 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-10-30 09:56:55 -0400},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12177},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12177},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {G38, K22, K42, M40, M41, M48, whistleblowers, enforcement actions, fraud, penalties, financial reporting, Securities and Exchange Commission},
	number = {1},
	pages = {123-171},
	title = {Whistleblowers and Outcomes of Financial Misrepresentation Enforcement Actions},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12177},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12177},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12177}}

@article{Simmons:2011ux,
	author = {Simmons, Joseph P. and Nelson, Leif D. and Simonsohn, Uri},
	date-added = {2023-08-16 09:31:06 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 09:31:06 +1000},
	doi = {10.1177/0956797611417632},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632},
	journal = {Psychological Science},
	note = {PMID: 22006061},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1359-1366},
	title = {False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632}}

@article{Hail:2018wo,
	author = {Hail, Luzi and Tahoun, Ahmed and Wang, Clare},
	date-added = {2023-08-16 09:26:38 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 09:26:38 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12201},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12201},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {F30, G18, G38, K22, L51, M48, N20, accounting fraud, corporate scandals, capital market regulation, economics of regulation, law and finance, international accounting},
	number = {2},
	pages = {617-671},
	title = {Corporate Scandals and Regulation},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12201},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12201}}

@article{Li:2018vh,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT Many service organizations rely on information sharing systems to boost employee creativity to meet customer needs. We conducted a field experiment in a retail chain, based on a registered report accepted by JAR, to test whether an information sharing system recording employees' creative work affected the quality of creative work, job engagement, and financial performance. We found that, on average, this system did not have a significant effect on any of these outcomes. However, it significantly improved the quality of creative work in stores that had accessed the system more frequently and in stores with fewer same-company nearby stores. It also improved creative work and job engagement in stores in divergent markets, where customers needed more customization. We found weak evidence of better financial results where salespeople had lower creative talent before the system was introduced. Our findings shed light on those conditions in which information sharing systems affect employees' creative work.},
	author = {Li, Shelley Xin and Sandino, Tatiana},
	date-added = {2023-08-16 09:26:02 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 09:26:02 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12202},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12202},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {C93, D83, J24, L81, M54, information sharing systems, knowledge sharing, creativity, engagement, productivity, labor management, learning, geographically dispersed organizations, retail chains},
	number = {2},
	pages = {713-747},
	title = {Effects of an Information Sharing System on Employee Creativity, Engagement, and Performance},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12202},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12202}}

@book{Morgan:2014aa,
	author = {Morgan, Stephen L. and Winship, Christopher},
	date-added = {2023-02-24 06:56:52 +1100},
	date-modified = {2023-02-24 06:56:59 +1100},
	doi = {10.1017/cbo9781107587991},
	month = {nov},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Counterfactuals and Causal Inference},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781107587991},
	year = 2014,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781107587991},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107587991}}

@book{Grolemund:2014aa,
	author = {Grolemund, G.},
	date-added = {2023-02-20 08:31:39 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:12:40 +1000},
	isbn = {9781449359010},
	lccn = {2014451870},
	publisher = {O'Reilly Media, Incorporated},
	series = {Safari Books Online},
	title = {Hands-on Programming with {R}},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sRubmwEACAAJ}}

@book{Matloff:2011aa,
	author = {Matloff, Norman},
	date-added = {2023-02-20 08:11:25 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:13:41 +1000},
	isbn = {9781593273842},
	lccn = {2011025598},
	publisher = {No Starch Press},
	title = {The Art of {R} Programming: A Tour of Statistical Software Design},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=o2aLBAAAQBAJ}}

@book{Adler:2012aa,
	author = {Adler, J.},
	date-added = {2023-02-20 08:09:25 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:01:54 +1000},
	isbn = {9781449312084},
	lccn = {2013409754},
	publisher = {O'Reilly Media, Incorporated},
	series = {In a Nutshell},
	title = {R in a Nutshell},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=kq%5C_VIDajab4C}}

@book{Healy:2018aa,
	author = {Healy, K.},
	date-added = {2023-01-31 01:20:35 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:12:28 +1000},
	isbn = {9780691181622},
	lccn = {2018935810},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {Data Visualization: A Practical Introduction},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=3XOYDwAAQBAJ}}

@article{Hoekstra:2009wp,
	author = {Hoekstra, Mark},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:52:32 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:52:32 -0500},
	doi = {10.1162/rest.91.4.717},
	eprint = {https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-pdf/91/4/717/1614840/rest.91.4.717.pdf},
	issn = {0034-6535},
	journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	month = {11},
	number = {4},
	pages = {717-724},
	title = {The Effect of Attending the Flagship State University on Earnings: A Discontinuity-Based Approach},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.91.4.717},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.91.4.717}}

@article{Holland:1986p7458,
	author = {Holland, Paul W},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:52:32 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:52:32 -0500},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	month = dec,
	number = {396},
	pages = {945--960},
	title = {Statistics and Causal Inference},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1986},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1986.10478354}}

@article{Haavelmo:1943cl,
	author = {Haavelmo, Trygve},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1905714},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--12},
	publisher = {The Econometric Society},
	title = {The Statistical Implications of a System of Simultaneous Equations},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1905714},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1943},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1905714}}

@article{Haavelmo:1944jq,
	author = {Haavelmo, Trygve},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1906935},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	month = jul,
	publisher = {The Econometric Society},
	title = {The Probability Approach in Econometrics},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906935},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1944},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906935}}

@article{Healy:1985jg,
	author = {Healy, Paul M},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/0165-4101(85)90029-1},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	language = {English},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {85 -- 107},
	title = {The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V87-479D89N-G/2/7913263cf0d8678a36c535ade3f0a6c7},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1985},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V87-479D89N-G/2/7913263cf0d8678a36c535ade3f0a6c7},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(85)90029-1}}

@article{Heckman:2015ez,
	author = {Heckman, James and Pinto, Rodrigo},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:46:07 -0500},
	doi = {10.1017/S026646661400022X},
	journal = {Econometric Theory},
	month = feb,
	number = {01},
	pages = {115--151},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Causal analysis after {H}aavelmo},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026646661400022X},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026646661400022X}}

@article{Goldberger:1972cq,
	abstract = {This survey of the use of structural equation models and methods by social scientists emphasizes the treatment of unobservable variables and attempts to redress economists' neglect of the work of Sewall Wright.},
	author = {Goldberger, Arthur S},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1913851},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	month = nov,
	number = {6},
	pages = {979--1001},
	publisher = {The Econometric Society},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Structural Equation Methods in the Social Sciences},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1913851?origin=crossref},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1972},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1913851?origin=crossref},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/1913851}}

@article{Gow:2010ub,
	author = {Gow, Ian D. and Ormazabal, Gaizka and Taylor, Daniel J.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:26:37 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.2010.85.2.483},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {2},
	pages = {483--512},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Correcting for Cross-Sectional and Time-Series Dependence in Accounting Research},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20744139},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20744139}}

@article{Gow:2013aa,
	author = {Gow, Ian D. and Larcker, David F. and McCall, Allan and Tayan, Brian},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	journal = {Stanford Closer Look Series},
	title = {Sneak Preview: How {ISS} Dictates Equity Plan Design},
	year = {2013}}

@article{Gow:2016kn,
	author = {Gow, Ian D and Larcker, David F and Reiss, Peter C},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12116},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = may,
	number = {2},
	pages = {477--523},
	title = {Causal Inference in Accounting Research},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12116},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12116}}

@book{Gow:2018vf,
	author = {Gow, Ian D. and Kells, Stuart S.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:12:03 +1000},
	isbn = {9781523098033},
	publisher = {Berrett-Koehler Publishers},
	title = {The {Big Four}: The Curious Past and Perilous Future of the Global Accounting Monopoly},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=VuReDwAAQBAJ}}

@article{Green:2011wu,
	abstract = { Consistent with public statements made by sophisticated practitioners, we document that the hedge returns to Sloan's (Sloan, R. G. 1996. Do stock prices fully reflect information in accruals and cash flows about future earnings? Accounting Rev. 71(3) 289--315) accruals anomaly appear to have decayed in U.S. stock markets to the point that they are, on average, no longer reliably positive. We explore some potential reasons why this has happened. Our empirical analyses suggest that the anomaly's demise stems in part from an increase in the amount of capital invested by hedge funds into exploiting it, as measured by hedge fund assets under management and trading volume in extreme accrual firms. A decline in the size of the accrual mispricing signal, as measured by the magnitude of extreme decile accruals and the relative persistence of cash flows and accruals, may also play a (weaker) role. This paper was accepted by Stefan Reichelstein, accounting. },
	author = {Green, Jeremiah and Hand, John R. M. and Soliman, Mark T.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:39:40 -0500},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.1110.1320},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1320},
	journal = {Management Science},
	number = {5},
	pages = {797-816},
	title = {Going, Going, Gone? The Apparent Demise of the Accruals Anomaly},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1320},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1320}}

@article{Hribar:2002wc,
	abstract = {This paper examines the impact of measuring accruals as the change in successive balance sheet accounts, as opposed to measuring accruals directly from the statement of cash flows. Our primary finding is that studies using a balance sheet approach to test for earnings management are potentially contaminated by measurement error in accruals estimates. In particular, if the partitioning variable used to indicate the presence of earnings management is correlated with the occurrence of mergers and acquisitions or discontinued operations, tests are biased and researchers are likely to erroneously conclude that earnings management exists when there is none. Additional results show that the errors in balance sheet accruals estimation can confound returns regressions where discretionary and non-discretionary accruals are used as explanatory variables. Moreover, we demonstrate that tests of market mispricing of accruals will be understated due to erroneous classification of ``extreme'' accruals firms.},
	author = {Hribar, Paul and Collins, Daniel W.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.00041},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {1},
	pages = {105-134},
	title = {Errors in Estimating Accruals: Implications for Empirical Research},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.00041},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.00041},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00041}}

@article{Iliev:2010ic,
	author = {Iliev, Peter},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01564.x},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {1163--1196},
	title = {The Effect of {SOX Section} 404: Costs, Earnings Quality, and Stock Prices},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01564.x},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01564.x}}

@article{Imbens:2012tl,
	abstract = {We investigate the choice of the bandwidth for the regression discontinuity estimator. We focus on estimation by local linear regression, which was shown to have attractive properties (Porter, J. 2003, {\textquotedblleft}Estimation in the Regression Discontinuity Model{\textquotedblright} (unpublished, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison)). We derive the asymptotically optimal bandwidth under squared error loss. This optimal bandwidth depends on unknown functionals of the distribution of the data and we propose simple and consistent estimators for these functionals to obtain a fully data-driven bandwidth algorithm. We show that this bandwidth estimator is optimal according to the criterion of Li (1987, {\textquotedblleft}Asymptotic Optimality for Cp, CL, Cross-validation and Generalized Cross-validation: Discrete Index Set{\textquotedblright}, Annals of Statistics, 15, 958{\textendash}975), although it is not unique in the sense that alternative consistent estimators for the unknown functionals would lead to bandwidth estimators with the same optimality properties. We illustrate the proposed bandwidth, and the sensitivity to the choices made in our algorithm, by applying the methods to a data set previously analysed by Lee (2008, {\textquotedblleft}Randomized Experiments from Non-random Selection in U.S. House Elections{\textquotedblright}, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 675{\textendash}697) as well as by conducting a small simulation study.},
	annote = {10.1093/restud/rdr043},
	author = {Imbens, Guido W. and Kalyanaraman, Karthik},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1093/restud/rdr043},
	journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	month = jan,
	number = {3},
	pages = {933--959},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Optimal Bandwidth Choice for the Regression Discontinuity Estimator},
	url = {http://restud.oxfordjournals.org/content/79/3/933.abstract},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://restud.oxfordjournals.org/content/79/3/933.abstract},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdr043}}

@book{Imbens:2015aa,
	author = {Imbens, Guido W. and Rubin, Donald B.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139025751},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Causal Inference for Statistics, Social and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139025751},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139025751}}

@article{Jackson:2009up,
	abstract = {This study identifies several interrelated reasons why firms' depreciation method choice is likely to influence managers' capital investment decisions. We find that firms that use accelerated depreciation make significantly larger capital investments than firms that use straight-line depreciation. Further, we find that there has been a migration away from accelerated depreciation to straight-line depreciation over the past two decades. Firms that make such accounting changes make smaller capital investments in the post-change periods than in the pre-change periods. These results suggest that a choice made for external financial reporting purposes influences managers' capital investment decisions.},
	author = {Jackson, Scott B. and Liu, Xiaotao Kelvin and Cecchini, Mark},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-02-07 17:06:49 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.06.001},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Depreciation method choice, Capital investments, Straight-line depreciation, Accelerated depreciation},
	number = {1},
	pages = {54-68},
	title = {Economic consequences of firms' depreciation method choice: Evidence from capital investments},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410109000317},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410109000317},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.06.001}}

@article{Jagolinzer:2011ul,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT Most corporate governance research focuses on the behavior of chief executive officers, board members, institutional shareholders, and other similar parties. Little research focuses on the impact of executives whose primary responsibility is to enforce and shape corporate governance inside the firm. This study examines the role of the general counsel (GC) in mitigating informed trading by corporate insiders. We find that insider trading profits and the predictive ability of insider trades for future operating performance are generally higher when insiders trade within firm-imposed restricted trade windows. However, when GC approval is required to execute a trade, insiders' trading profits and the predictive ability of insider trades for future operating performance are substantively lower. Thus, when given the authority, it appears the GC can effectively limit the extent to which corporate insiders use their private information to extract rents from shareholders.},
	author = {Jagolinzer, Alan D. and Larcker, David F. and Taylor, Daniel J.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2011.00424.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1249-1274},
	title = {Corporate Governance and the Information Content of Insider Trades},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2011.00424.x},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2011.00424.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2011.00424.x}}

@article{Jones:1991vx,
	author = {Jones, Jennifer J.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2491047},
	issn = {00218456, 1475679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {2},
	pages = {193--228},
	publisher = {[Accounting Research Center, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Wiley]},
	title = {Earnings Management During Import Relief Investigations},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491047},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1991},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491047},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2491047}}

@article{Kajuter:2018un,
	author = {Kaj{\"u}ter, Peter and Klassmann, Florian and Nienhaus, Martin},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-52212},
	eprint = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/accounting-review/article-pdf/94/3/251/2664186/accr-52212.pdf},
	issn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {07},
	number = {3},
	pages = {251-277},
	title = {The Effect of Mandatory Quarterly Reporting on Firm Value},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52212},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52212}}

@article{Khan:2016ur,
	abstract = {{We provide new evidence on the agency theory of corporate tax avoidance (Slemrod 2004; Crocker and Slemrod 2005; Chen and Chu 2005) by showing that increases in institutional ownership are associated with increases in tax avoidance. Using the Russell index reconstitution setting to isolate exogenous shocks to institutional ownership, and a regression discontinuity design that facilitates sharper identification of treatment effects, we find a significant and discontinuous increase in tax avoidance following Russell 2000 inclusion. The tax avoidance involves the use of tax shelters, and immediate benefits include higher profit margins and likelihood of meeting or beating analyst expectations. Collectively, the results shed light on the effect of increased ownership concentration on tax avoidance.}},
	author = {Khan, Mozaffar and Srinivasan, Suraj and Tan, Liang},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-51529},
	issn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {07},
	number = {2},
	pages = {101-122},
	title = {Institutional Ownership and Corporate Tax Avoidance: New Evidence},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51529},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51529}}

@article{Khan:2017wa,
	author = {Khan, Urooj and Li, Bin and Rajgopal, Shivaram and Venkatachalam, Mohan},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-51840},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {06},
	title = {Do the {FASB}'s Standards add Shareholder Value?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51840},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51840}}

@article{Klasa:2018to,
	author = {Klasa, Sandy J and Ortiz-Molina, Hern{\'a}n and Serfling, Matthew A. and Srinivasan, S.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.02.008},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	pages = {266-286},
	title = {Protection of Trade Secrets and Capital Structure Decisions},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.02.008},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.02.008}}

@article{Koh:2015vz,
	author = {Koh, Ping-Sheng and Reeb, David M.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.03.004},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	number = {1},
	pages = {73 - 94},
	title = {Missing {R\&D}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410115000324},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410115000324},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.03.004}}

@article{Koller:2011tv,
	abstract = {The datasets used in statistical analyses are often small in the sense that the number of observations n is less than 5 times the number of parameters p to be estimated. In contrast, methods of robust regression are usually optimized in terms of asymptotics with an emphasis on efficiency and maximal bias of estimated coefficients. Inference, i.e., determination of confidence and prediction intervals, is proposed as complementary criteria. An analysis of MM-estimators leads to the development of a new scale estimate, the Design Adaptive Scale Estimate, and to an extension of the MM-estimate, the SMDM-estimate, as well as a suitable ψ-function. A simulation study shows and a real data example illustrates that the SMDM-estimate has better performance for small n/p and that the use the new scale estimate and of a slowly redescending ψ-function is crucial for adequate inference.},
	author = {Koller, Manuel and Stahel, Werner A.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csda.2011.02.014},
	issn = {0167-9473},
	journal = {Computational Statistics & Data Analysis},
	keywords = {MM-estimator, Robust regression, Robust inference},
	number = {8},
	pages = {2504-2515},
	title = {Sharpening Wald-type inference in robust regression for small samples},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167947311000739},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167947311000739},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2011.02.014}}

@article{Koller:2017th,
	abstract = {Simple random subsampling is an integral part of S estimation algorithms for linear regression. Subsamples are required to be nonsingular. Usually, discarding a singular subsample and drawing a new one leads to a sufficient number of nonsingular subsamples with a reasonable computational effort. However, this procedure can require so many subsamples that it becomes infeasible, especially if levels of categorical variables have low frequency. A subsampling algorithm called nonsingular subsampling is presented, which generates only nonsingular subsamples. When no singular subsamples occur, nonsingular subsampling is as fast as the simple algorithm, and if singular subsamples do occur, it maintains the same computational order. The algorithm works consistently, unless the full design matrix is singular. The method is based on a modified LU decomposition algorithm that combines sample generation with solving the least squares problem. The algorithm may also be useful for ordinary bootstrapping. Since the method allows for S estimation in designs with factors and interactions between factors and continuous regressors, we study properties of the resulting estimators, both in the sense of their dependence on the randomness of the sampling and of their statistical performance.},
	author = {Koller, Manuel and Stahel, Werner A.},
	da = {2017/06/01},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:18:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1007/s00180-016-0679-x},
	id = {Koller2017},
	isbn = {1613-9658},
	journal = {Computational Statistics},
	number = {2},
	pages = {631--646},
	title = {Nonsingular subsampling for regression {S} estimators with categorical predictors},
	ty = {JOUR},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-016-0679-x},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00180-016-0679-x}}

@article{Kothari:2001tr,
	abstract = {{I review empirical research on the relation between capital markets and financial statements. The principal sources of demand for capital markets research in accounting are fundamental analysis and valuation, tests of market efficiency, and the role of accounting numbers in contracts and the political process. The capital markets research topics of current interest to researchers include tests of market efficiency with respect to accounting information, fundamental analysis, and value relevance of financial reporting. Evidence from research on these topics is likely to be helpful in capital market investment decisions, accounting standard setting, and corporate financial disclosure decisions.}},
	author = {Kothari, S.P},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00030-1},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	number = {1-3},
	pages = {105--231},
	title = {Capital markets research in accounting},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00030-1},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00030-1}}

@article{Kraft:2007wg,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT The test developed in Mishkin [1983] (hereafter, MT) is widely used to test the rational pricing of accounting numbers. However, contrary to the perception in the accounting literature, the exclusion of variables from the MT's forecasting and pricing equations leads to an omitted variables problem that affects inferences about the rational pricing of accounting variables. Only if the omitted variables are rationally priced is their exclusion irrelevant. Failure to recognize this issue leads accounting researchers to employ the MT without appreciating how omitted variables affect the inferences they draw. We demonstrate that when additional explanatory variables are included in the MT, the rational pricing of accruals is not rejected. That is, the accrual anomaly documented in Sloan [1996] vanishes when additional explanatory variables are incorporated into the MT. We also show that in accounting research settings, where samples are large, ordinary least squares (OLS) is equivalent to the MT. As a result, accounting researchers should consider using OLS or be more explicit about the exact advantages of the MT over OLS in their research setting.},
	author = {Kraft, Arthur and Leone, Andrew J. and Wasley, Charles E.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-02-07 17:07:53 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00261.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00261.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1081-1114},
	title = {Regression-Based Tests of the Market Pricing of Accounting Numbers: The {M}ishkin Test and Ordinary Least Squares},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00261.x},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00261.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00261.x}}

@book{Kreps:1990vo,
	author = {Kreps, David M.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:18:03 +1000},
	isbn = {9780691215747},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {A Course in Microeconomic Theory},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=voHoDwAAQBAJ}}

@article{Larcker:2007aa,
	author = {Larcker, David F. and Richardson, Scott A and Tuna, \.{I}rem},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:45:59 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.2007.82.4.963},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = July,
	number = {4},
	pages = {963--1008},
	title = {Corporate Governance, Accounting Outcomes, and Organizational Performance},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/30243484}}

@article{Larcker:2010fq,
	abstract = {Instrumental variable (IV) methods are commonly used in
    	  accounting research (e.g., earnings management, corporate
    	  governance, executive compensation, and disclosure
    	  research) when the regressor variables are endogenous.
    	  While IV estimation is the standard textbook solution to
    	  mitigating endogeneity problems, the appropriateness of IV
    	  methods in typical accounting research settings is not
    	  obvious. Drawing on recent advances in statistics and
    	  econometrics, we identify conditions under which IV methods
    	  are preferred to OLS estimates and propose a series of
    	  tests for research studies employing IV methods. We
    	  illustrate these ideas by examining the relation between
    	  corporate disclosure and the cost of capital.},
	author = {Larcker, David F and Rusticus, Tjomme O},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:15:38 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.11.004},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	number = {3},
	pages = {186--205},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {On the use of instrumental variables in accounting research},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.11.004}},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410109000718},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410109000718},
	bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.11.004}}

@article{Larcker:2011vq,
	abstract = {This paper investigates the market reaction to recent legislative and regulatory actions pertaining to corporate governance. The managerial power view of governance suggests that executive pay, the existing process of proxy access, and various governance provisions [e.g., staggered boards and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)-chairman duality] are associated with managerial rent extraction. This perspective predicts that broad government actions that reduce executive pay, increase proxy access, and ban such governance provisions are value-enhancing. In contrast, another view of governance suggests that observed governance choices are the result of value-maximizing contracts between shareholders and management. This perspective predicts that broad government actions that regulate such governance choices are value destroying. Consistent with the latter view, we find that the abnormal returns to recent events relating to corporate governance regulations are, on average, decreasing in CEO pay, decreasing in the number of large blockholders, decreasing in the ease by which small institutional investors can access the proxy process, and decreasing in the presence of a staggered board.},
	author = {Larcker, David F. and Ormazabal, Gaizka and Taylor, Daniel J.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.002},
	issn = {0304-405X},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	keywords = {Corporate governance, Executive compensation, Proxy access, Regulation, Blockholders},
	number = {2},
	pages = {431 - 448},
	title = {The market reaction to corporate governance regulation},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X11000675},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X11000675},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.002}}

@article{Lawrence:2011tv,
	abstract = {{ABSTRACT: This study examines whether differences in proxies for audit quality between Big 4 and non-Big 4 audit firms could be a reflection of their respective clients' characteristics. In our analyses, we use three audit-quality proxies---discretionary accruals, the ex ante cost-of-equity capital, and analyst forecast accuracy---and employ propensity-score and attribute-based matching models in attempt to control for differences in client characteristics between the two auditor groups while estimating the audit-quality effects. Using these matching models, we find that the effects of Big 4 auditors are insignificantly different from those of non-Big 4 auditors with respect to the three audit-quality proxies. Our results suggest that differences in these proxies between Big 4 and non-Big 4 auditors largely reflect client characteristics and, more specifically, client size. We caution the reader that this study has not resolved the question, although we hope that it encourages other researchers to explore alternative methodologies that separate client characteristics from audit-quality effects.}},
	author = {Lawrence, Alastair and Minutti-Meza, Miguel and Zhang, Ping},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-04-28 15:25:17 -0400},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.00000009},
	eprint = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/accounting-review/article-pdf/86/1/259/1349133/accr\_00000009.pdf},
	issn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {01},
	number = {1},
	pages = {259-286},
	title = {Can {Big 4} versus Non-{Big 4} Differences in Audit-Quality Proxies Be Attributed to Client Characteristics?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000009},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000009}}

@article{Lee:2010wu,
	author = {Lee, David S. and Lemieux, Thomas},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1257/jel.48.2.281},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	month = {June},
	number = {2},
	pages = {281-355},
	title = {Regression Discontinuity Designs in Economics},
	url = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.48.2.281},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.48.2.281},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.2.281}}

@article{Leftwich:1994ws,
	author = {Leftwich, Richard W and Zmijewski, Mark E},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:16:10 -0500},
	doi = {10.1177/0148558X9400900406},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance},
	pages = {725--762},
	title = {Contemporaneous Announcements of Dividends and Earnings},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X9400900406},
	year = {1994},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X9400900406}}

@article{Lennox:2012it,
	annote = {doi: 10.2308/accr-10195},
	author = {Lennox, Clive S. and Francis, Jere R. and Wang, Zitian},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:53:54 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-10195},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = mar,
	number = {2},
	pages = {589--616},
	title = {Selection Models in Accounting Research},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10195},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10195}}

@article{Leone:2019uc,
	abstract = {{Accounting studies often encounter observations with extreme values that can influence coefficient estimates and inferences. Two widely used approaches to address influential observations in accounting studies are winsorization and truncation. While expedient, both depend on researcher-selected cutoffs, applied on a variable-by-variable basis, which, unfortunately, can alter legitimate data points. We compare the efficacy of winsorization, truncation, influence diagnostics (Cook's Distance), and robust regression at identifying influential observations. Replication of three published accounting studies shows that the choice impacts estimates and inferences. Simulation evidence shows that winsorization and truncation are ineffective at identifying influential observations. While influence diagnostics and robust regression both outperform winsorization and truncation, overall, robust regression outperforms the other methods. Since robust regression is a theoretically appealing and easily implementable approach based on a model's residuals, we recommend that future accounting studies consider using robust regression, or at least report sensitivity tests using robust regression.JEL Classifications: C12; C13; C18; C51; C52; M41.Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.}},
	author = {Leone, Andrew J. and Minutti-Meza, Miguel and Wasley, Charles E.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:54:54 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-52396},
	eprint = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/accounting-review/article-pdf/94/6/337/2664545/accr-52396.pdf},
	issn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {11},
	number = {6},
	pages = {337-364},
	title = {Influential Observations and Inference in Accounting Research},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52396},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52396}}

@article{Li:2015he,
	abstract = {Using a natural experiment (Regulation SHO), we show that short selling pressure and consequent stock price behavior have a causal effect on managers{\textquoteright} voluntary disclosure choices. Specifically, we find that managers respond to a positive exogenous shock to short selling pressure and price sensitivity to bad news by reducing the precision of bad news forecasts. This finding on management forecasts appears to be generalizable to other corporate disclosures. In particular, we find that, in response to increased short selling pressure, managers also reduce the readability (or increase the fuzziness) of bad news annual reports. Overall, our results suggest that maintaining the current level of stock prices is an important consideration in managers{\textquoteright} strategic disclosure decisions.},
	author = {Li, Yinghua and Zhang, Liandong},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:17:01 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12068},
	file = {{A1BFB751-293B-47E8-AFA8-D5DC2F6AC954.pdf:/Users/igow/Dropbox/Archive/Library.papers3/Files/A1/A1BFB751-293B-47E8-AFA8-D5DC2F6AC954.pdf:application/pdf}},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	language = {English},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {79--117},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Short Selling Pressure, Stock Price Behavior, and Management Forecast Precision: Evidence from a Natural Experiment},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.1111/1475-679X.12068}},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1475-679X.12068},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1475-679X.12068},
	bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12068}}

@article{Li:2018tj,
	author = {Li, Yinghua and Lin, Yupeng and Zhang, Liandong},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12187},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12187},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {D82, D83, K11, L1, M41, proprietary costs, corporate disclosure, customer identity, inevitable disclosure doctrine, trade secrets law},
	number = {1},
	pages = {265-308},
	title = {Trade Secrets Law and Corporate Disclosure: Causal Evidence on the Proprietary Cost Hypothesis},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12187},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12187},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12187}}

@article{Lin:2017vt,
	author = {Lin, Yupeng and Mao, Ying and Wang, Zheng},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:55:35 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-51945},
	eprint = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/accounting-review/article-pdf/93/4/283/2661637/accr-51945.pdf},
	issn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {10},
	number = {4},
	pages = {283-308},
	title = {Institutional Ownership, Peer Pressure, and Voluntary Disclosures},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51945},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51945}}

@article{Listokin:2008vc,
	abstract = {While much has been made of {\textquotedblleft}shareholder democracy{\textquotedblright} as a lever of corporate governance, there is little evidence about the efficacy of voting. This paper empirically examines votes on management-sponsored resolutions and finds widespread irregularities in the distribution of votes received by management. Management is overwhelmingly more likely to win votes by a small margin than lose by a small margin. The results indicate that, at some point in the voting process, management obtains highly accurate information about the likely voting outcome and, based on that information, acts to influence the vote. The precise point at which this occurs is unclear, though it is likely to be near the {\textquotedblleft}poll-closing{\textquotedblright} time. Whatever the cause of management's advantage, it is clear that shareholder voting does not constitute a {\textquotedblleft}representative{\textquotedblright} direct democracy.},
	author = {Listokin, Yair},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:17:51 -0500},
	doi = {10.1093/aler/ahn010},
	journal = {American Law and Economics Review},
	language = {English},
	month = sep,
	number = {2},
	pages = {159--184},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Management Always Wins the Close Ones},
	url = {http://aler.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/2/159.abstract},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://aler.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/2/159.abstract},
	bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahn010}}

@article{MacKinlay:1997ua,
	author = {MacKinlay, A. Craig},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:13:35 +1000},
	issn = {00220515},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	number = {1},
	pages = {13--39},
	publisher = {American Economic Association},
	title = {Event Studies in Economics and Finance},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1997},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2729691}}

@article{Manchiraju:2017uw,
	author = {Manchiraju, Hariom and Rajgopal, Shivaram},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12174},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12174},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {M14, M40, M41, M48, CSR, shareholder value, Indian Companies Act 2013},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1257-1300},
	title = {Does Corporate Social Responsibility ({CSR}) Create Shareholder Value? Evidence from the {Indian Companies Act} 2013},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12174},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12174},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12174}}

@book{Maronna:2019tq,
	author = {Maronna, Ricardo A and Martin, R Douglas and Yohai, Victor J and Salibi{\'a}n-Barrera, Mat{\'\i}as},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	title = {Robust statistics: theory and methods (with {R})},
	year = {2019}}

@article{McCrary:2008ft,
	author = {McCrary, Justin},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:18:40 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005},
	journal = {Journal of Econometrics},
	month = feb,
	number = {2},
	pages = {698--714},
	title = {Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design: A density test},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005}}

@article{McNichols:1988vq,
	author = {McNichols, Maureen and Wilson, G. Peter},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2491176},
	issn = {00218456, 1475679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	pages = {1--31},
	publisher = {[Accounting Research Center, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Wiley]},
	title = {Evidence of Earnings Management from the Provision for Bad Debts},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491176},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1988},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491176},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2491176}}

@article{McNichols:2002wq,
	abstract = {Dechow and Dichev (2002) model earnings quality as the magnitude of estimation errors in accruals, and provide empirical estimates of this construct based on the relation between accruals and cash flows. I characterize the innovation and limitations in this approach, and provide empirical evidence of measurement error in their empirical specification. I also adapt their model to assess the specification of the Jones' (1991) model and document that this model provides estimates of discretionary accruals that are significantly associated with cash flows, which are likely to be substantially nondiscretionary. I conclude with suggestions for future research on earnings quality and earnings management.},
	author = {McNichols, Maureen F.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:24:23 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.61},
	isbn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	journal1 = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {2/22/2021},
	number = {s-1},
	pages = {61--69},
	title = {Discussion of the Quality of Accruals and Earnings: The Role of Accrual Estimation Errors},
	ty = {JOUR},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.61},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2002},
	year1 = {2002/03/01},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.61}}

@article{Michels:2017uc,
	author = {Michels, Jeremy},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12128},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12128},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {G14, M41, M48, mandatory disclosure, recognition, subsequent events},
	number = {1},
	pages = {3-34},
	title = {Disclosure Versus Recognition: Inferences from Subsequent Events},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12128},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12128},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12128}}

@article{Miller:2015ec,
	author = {Miller, Gregory S. and Skinner, Douglas J.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:19:17 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12075},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = may,
	number = 2,
	pages = {221--239},
	title = {The Evolving Disclosure Landscape: How Changes in Technology, the Media, and Capital Markets Are Affecting Disclosure},
	volume = 53,
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12075}}

@book{Mishkin:1983vw,
	author = {Mishkin, Frederic S},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	title = {A Rational Expectations Approach to Macroeconomics: Testing Policy Ineffectiveness and Efficient-Markets Models},
	year = {1983}}

@article{Morrow:1995gz,
	author = {Morrow, Jason D and Frei, Balz and Longmire, Atkinson W and Gaziano, J Michael and Lynch, Sean M and Shyr, Yu and Strauss, William E and Oates, John A and Roberts, L Jackson},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:42:59 -0500},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJM199505043321804},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	month = may,
	number = {18},
	pages = {1198--1203},
	title = {Increase in Circulating Products of Lipid Peroxidation {$F_2$}-Isoprostanes in Smokers: Smoking as a Cause of Oxidative Damage},
	volume = {332},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199505043321804}}

@article{Newey:1987ua,
	author = {Newey, Whitney K. and West, Kenneth D.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:19:44 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1913610},
	issn = {00129682, 14680262},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	number = {3},
	pages = {703--708},
	publisher = {[Wiley, Econometric Society]},
	title = {A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1913610},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1987},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1913610}}

@article{Neyman:1923aa,
	author = {Neyman, Jerzy},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	journal = {Statistical Science},
	number = {4},
	pages = {465--472},
	title = {On the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments. Essay on Principles. Section 9},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1923}}

@article{Nichols:2004tb,
	abstract = {{An extensive body of academic research in accounting develops theory and empirical evidence on the relation between earnings information and stock returns. This literature provides important insights for understanding the relevance of financial reporting. In this article, we summarize the theory and evidence on how accounting earnings information relates to firms' stock returns, particularly for the benefit of students, practitioners, and others who may not yet have been exposed to this literature. In addition, we present new empirical evidence on the relation between earnings and returns by replicating and extending three classic studies using data from 1988 through 2002. Specifically, we first demonstrate the relation between earnings changes and stock returns, replicating Ball and Brown (1968), and we compare that relation to the relation between changes in cash flows from operations and stock returns. Second, we demonstrate the impact of earnings persistence on stock returns, extending findings from studies such as Kormendi and Lipe (1987), and highlighting the effects of differences in persistence across earnings increases and decreases. Third, we provide evidence to assess the efficiency with which the capital markets impound quarterly earnings information into share prices, showing that the post‐earnings‐announcement‐drift results of Bernard and Thomas (1989) extend to recent data.}},
	author = {Nichols, D. Craig and Wahlen, James M.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-04-28 15:25:52 -0400},
	doi = {10.2308/acch.2004.18.4.263},
	eprint = {https://meridian.allenpress.com/accounting-horizons/article-pdf/18/4/263/1345011/acch\_2004\_18\_4\_263.pdf},
	issn = {0888-7993},
	journal = {Accounting Horizons},
	month = {12},
	number = {4},
	pages = {263-286},
	title = {How Do Earnings Numbers Relate to Stock Returns? A Review of Classic Accounting Research with Updated Evidence},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2004.18.4.263},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2004.18.4.263}}

@article{Pearl:2009kh,
	author = {Pearl, Judea},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1214/09-SS057},
	journal = {Statistics Surveys},
	language = {English},
	number = {0},
	pages = {96--146},
	publisher = {The author, under a Creative Commons Attribution License},
	title = {Causal inference in statistics: An overview},
	url = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ssu/1255440554},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ssu/1255440554},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1214/09-SS057}}

@book{Pearl:2009vo,
	author = {Pearl, Judea},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	month = sep,
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference},
	year = {2009}}

@manual{R-Core-Team:2021wf,
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {{R Core Team}},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:48:14 +1000},
	organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
	title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.R-project.org/}}

@incollection{Reiss:2007ej,
	author = {Reiss, Peter C and Wolak, Frank A},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Econometrics},
	chapter = {64},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:23:17 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06064-3},
	editor = {Heckman, James J. and Leamer, Edward E.},
	isbn = {9780444506313},
	pages = {4277--4415},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Structural Econometric Modeling: Rationales and Examples from Industrial Organization},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1573441207060643},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1573441207060643},
	bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06064-3}}

@incollection{Roberts:2013cz,
	author = {Roberts, Michael R and Whited, Toni M},
	booktitle = {Handbook of the Economics of Finance},
	chapter = {7},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:40:49 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-44-453594-8.00007-0},
	pages = {493--572},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	title = {Endogeneity in Empirical Corporate Finance},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-44-453594-8.00007-0}}

@article{Rubin:1974im,
	abstract = {Presents a discussion of matching, randomization, random sampling, and other methods of controlling extraneous variation. The objective was to specify the benefits of randomization in estimating causal effects of treatments. It is concluded that randomization should be employed whenever possible but that the use of carefully controlled nonrandomized data to estimate causal effects is a reasonable and necessary procedure in many cases. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)},
	author = {Rubin, Donald B.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	journal = {Journal of educational Psychology},
	month = oct,
	number = {5},
	pages = {688--701},
	publisher = {American Psychological Association},
	title = {Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.1037/h0037350}},
	url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/edu/66/5/688.html},
	volume = {66},
	year = {1974},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/edu/66/5/688.html},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037350}}

@article{Rubin:1977dv,
	author = {Rubin, Donald B.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	journal = {Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--26},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	title = {Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate},
	url = {http://jeb.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/10769986002001001},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1977},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://jeb.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/10769986002001001},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986002001001}}

@article{Russo:2007iz,
	author = {Russo, Federica and Williamson, Jon},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:41:37 -0500},
	doi = {10.1080/02698590701498084},
	journal = {International Studies in the Philosophy of Science},
	month = jul,
	number = {2},
	pages = {157--170},
	title = {Interpreting Causality in the Health Sciences},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02698590701498084}}

@article{Salkever:1976ue,
	author = {Salkever, David S.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/0304-4076(76)90027-0},
	issn = {0304-4076},
	journal = {Journal of Econometrics},
	number = {4},
	pages = {393-397},
	title = {The use of dummy variables to compute predictions, prediction errors, and confidence intervals},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407676900270},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1976},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407676900270},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(76)90027-0}}

@article{Sargan:1958aa,
	author = {Sargan, John Denis},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	number = {3},
	pages = {393-415},
	title = {The Estimation of Economic Relationships Using Instrumental Variables},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1958}}

@article{Schipper:1983um,
	author = {Schipper, Katherine and Thompson, Rex},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:21:42 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2490943},
	issn = {00218456, 1475679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {1},
	pages = {184--221},
	publisher = {[Accounting Research Center, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Wiley]},
	title = {The Impact of Merger-Related Regulations on the Shareholders of Acquiring Firms},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490943},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1983},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490943}}

@article{Shipman:2016fs,
	author = {Shipman, Jonathan E and Swanquist, Quinn T and Whited, Robert L},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:41:17 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-51449},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {213-244},
	title = {Propensity Score Matching in Accounting Research},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51449},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51449}}

@article{Sloan:1996wd,
	author = {Sloan, Richard G.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:30:47 +1000},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {3},
	pages = {289--315},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Do Stock Prices Fully Reflect Information in Accruals and Cash Flows about Future Earnings?},
	volume = {71},
	year = {1996},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/248290}}

@article{Soltes:2013ba,
	author = {Soltes, Eugene},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {245--272},
	title = {Private Interaction Between Firm Management and Sell-Side Analysts},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2014}}

@article{Stock:2002aa,
	annote = {doi: 10.1198/073500102288618658},
	author = {Stock, James H and Wright, Jonathan H and Yogo, Motohiro},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:26:57 -0500},
	doi = {10.1198/073500102288618658},
	journal = {Journal of Business {\&} Economic Statistics},
	month = oct,
	number = {4},
	pages = {518--529},
	title = {A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1198/073500102288618658}}

@article{Tan:2013uc,
	abstract = {I examine the impact of state-contingent allocation of creditor control rights on financial reporting. Using a discontinuity analysis, I find that firms' financial reporting becomes more conservative immediately after covenant violations and this effect persists for at least eight quarters. The conservatism effect is more pronounced when creditors possess greater bargaining power, when firms' operations are more volatile, and when creditors put Chief Restructuring Officers in place. My findings identify a specific channel through which debt financing shapes corporate financial reporting and provide direct evidence supporting the debt contracting explanation for conservatism posited in Watts (2003).},
	author = {Tan, Liang},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 16:29:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2012.08.001},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Accounting conservatism, Covenant violation, Debt contracting, Control rights},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-22},
	title = {Creditor control rights, state of nature verification, and financial reporting conservatism},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410112000596},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410112000596},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2012.08.001}}

@book{Thaler:2015vy,
	author = {Thaler, R.H.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:29:22 +1000},
	isbn = {9780393246773},
	publisher = {W. W. Norton},
	title = {Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=xQedBAAAQBAJ}}

@article{Thistlethwaite:1960wy,
	abstract = {{This study presents a method of testing casual hypotheses, called regression-discontinuity analysis, in situations where the investigator is unable to randomly assign Ss to experimental and control groups. The Ss were selected from near winners----5126 students who received certificates of merit and 2848 students who merely received letters of commendation. Comparison of the results obtained from the new mode of analysis with those obtained when the ex post facto design was applied to the same data. The new analysis suggested that public recognition for achievement tends to increase the likelihood that the recipient will receive a scholarship but did not support the inference that recognition affects the student's attitudes and career plans. From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:1AF09T.}},
	author = {Thistlethwaite, Donald L. and Campbell, Donald T.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:26:23 -0500},
	doi = {10.1037/h0044319},
	eprint = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
	issn = {1939-2176},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
	number = {6},
	pages = {309--317},
	title = {Regression-discontinuity analysis: An alternative to the ex post facto experiment.},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044319},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1960},
	bdsk-file-1 = {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},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044319}}

@article{Thompson:2011ue,
	abstract = {When estimating finance panel regressions, it is common practice to adjust standard errors for correlation either across firms or across time. These procedures are valid only if the residuals are correlated either across time or across firms, but not across both. This paper shows that it is very easy to calculate standard errors that are robust to simultaneous correlation along two dimensions, such as firms and time. The covariance estimator is equal to the estimator that clusters by firm, plus the estimator that clusters by time, minus the usual heteroskedasticity-robust ordinary least squares (OLS) covariance matrix. Any statistical package with a clustering command can be used to easily calculate these standard errors.},
	author = {Thompson, Samuel B.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:39:43 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.08.016},
	issn = {0304-405X},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	keywords = {Cluster standard errors, Panel data, Finance panel data},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1-10},
	title = {Simple formulas for standard errors that cluster by both firm and time},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X10001923},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X10001923},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.08.016}}

@article{Vashishtha:2014td,
	abstract = {This study uses covenant violations to provide evidence on how firms make disclosure decisions in the presence of enhanced bank monitoring. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that firms reduce disclosure following covenant violations. A series of analyses suggest that part of this decline in disclosure reflects a delegation of monitoring to banks by shareholders who consequently demand less disclosure.},
	author = {Vashishtha, Rahul},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:42:12 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.04.002},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Disclosure, Banks, Corporate governance, Covenant violation, Control rights},
	number = {2},
	pages = {176-195},
	title = {The role of bank monitoring in borrowers׳ discretionary disclosure: Evidence from covenant violations},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410114000147},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410114000147},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.04.002}}

@article{Verrecchia:1983ts,
	abstract = {This paper shows how the existence of disclosure-related costs offers an explanation for why a manager exercise discretion in disclsing information even though traders have rational expectations about his motivation to withhold unfavorable reports. In effect, disclosure-related costs introduce noise by extending the range of possible interpretations of withheld information to include news which is actually favorable. Therefore, traders are unable to interpret withheld information as unambiguously `bad new' and thereby discount the value of the firm to the point that the manager is better served to disclose what he knows.},
	author = {Verrecchia, Robert E.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:41:52 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/0165-4101(83)90011-3},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	pages = {179-194},
	title = {Discretionary disclosure},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165410183900113},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1983},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165410183900113},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(83)90011-3}}

@article{Walker:2021tf,
	abstract = {The magnitude of the underreaction following a stock split is different depending on the number of splits that have already occurred. The first three splits are followed by abnormal profitability and significant underreaction, which are outcomes consistent with managers using splits to signal favorable information about the firm's prospects. However, abnormal profitability fails to materialize and the underreaction gradually dissipates with each subsequent split suggesting the efficacy of a split announcement as a vehicle to convey information is not constant but steadily reduces with each successive split. The underreaction is distinct from any short-term announcement effects and indicates the market does not immediately impound the split's information content. There is no significant change in liquidity around each consecutive split confirming that the underreaction is not explained by microstructure effects. As is the case with other corporate events, the market interprets the content of announcements already made multiple times differently from announcements made less often.},
	author = {Walker, Scott},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:42:37 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101945},
	issn = {1057-5219},
	journal = {International Review of Financial Analysis},
	keywords = {Stock split, Abnormal returns, Multiple events, Liquidity},
	pages = {101945},
	title = {Post-split underreaction: The importance of prior split history},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521921002660},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521921002660},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101945}}

@article{Watts:1992wc,
	abstract = {This paper summarizes the theory and evidence on accounting choice for capital markets researchers. It also explains why knowledge of that theory and evidence is important to capital markets researchers. Many capital market studies such as those of the relationship between earnings and rates of return assume that accounting choice does not vary with firm variables such as growth, gearing etc. Theory and evidence indicates such variation exists. Hence, accounting choice theory provides competing hypotheses for observed relationships in the capital markets literature such as the relation between earnings response coefficients and gearing.},
	author = {Watts, Ross L.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:42:59 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/S0890-8389(05)80023-X},
	issn = {0890-8389},
	journal = {The British Accounting Review},
	number = {3},
	pages = {235-267},
	title = {Accounting choice theory and market-based research in accounting},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089083890580023X},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089083890580023X},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-8389(05)80023-X}}

@article{Wright:1921aa,
	author = {Wright, Sewell},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	journal = {Journal of Agricultural Research},
	pages = {257--285},
	title = {Correlation and causation},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1921}}

@article{Xie:2001th,
	author = {Xie, Hong},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:50:07 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.2001.76.3.357},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {3},
	pages = {357--373},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {The Mispricing of Abnormal Accruals},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3068940},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3068940}}

@book{Xie:2015wj,
	address = {Boca Raton, Florida},
	author = {Xie, Yihui},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:27:23 +1000},
	doi = {10.1201/9781315382487},
	edition = {2nd},
	note = {ISBN 978-1498716963},
	publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC},
	title = {Dynamic Documents with {R} and knitr},
	url = {http://yihui.org/knitr/},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://yihui.org/knitr/}}

@article{Young:2018wc,
	author = {Young, Alex},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 16:12:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:20:03 -0500},
	journal = {Econ Journal Watch},
	month = {January},
	number = {1},
	pages = {35-48},
	title = {Will the Real Specification Please Stand Up? A Comment on {Andrew Bird and Stephen Karolyi}},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2018}}

@article{Cohen:2014jl,
	annote = {doi: 10.2308/accr-50585},
	author = {Cohen, Jeffrey R and Hoitash, Udi and Krishnamoorthy, Ganesh and Wright, Arnold M},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:06:30 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-50585},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	keywords = {Instrumental variable},
	language = {English},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {243--273},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {The Effect of Audit Committee Industry Expertise on Monitoring the Financial Reporting Process},
	url = {http://aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-50585},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-50585},
	bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50585}}

@article{Cready:2014ji,
	author = {Cready, William H and Kumas, Abdullah and Subasi, Musa},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	month = sep,
	number = {4},
	pages = {877--909},
	title = {Are Trade Size-Based Inferences About Traders Reliable? {E}vidence from Institutional Earnings-Related Trading},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2014}}

@book{Cunningham:2021vk,
	author = {Cunningham, Scott},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:08:16 +1000},
	isbn = {9780300255881},
	lccn = {2020939011},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	title = {Causal Inference: The Mixtape},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=PSEMEAAAQBAJ}}

@article{Czerney:2014bv,
	annote = {doi: 10.2308/accr-50836},
	author = {Czerney, Keith and Schmidt, Jaime J and Thompson, Anne M},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	month = nov,
	number = {6},
	pages = {2115--2149},
	title = {Does Auditor Explanatory Language in Unqualified Audit Reports Indicate Increased Financial Misstatement Risk?},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2014}}

@article{DeAngelo:1986tc,
	author = {DeAngelo, Linda Elizabeth},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:08:37 +1000},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {3},
	pages = {400--420},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Accounting Numbers as Market Valuation Substitutes: A Study of Management Buyouts of Public Stockholders},
	urldate = {2022-04-16},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1986},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/247149}}

@article{Dechow:1995wr,
	abstract = {This paper evaluates alternative accrual-based models for detecting earnings management. The evaluation compares the specification and power of commonly used test statistics across the measures of discretionary accruals generated by the models and provides the following major insights. First, all of the models appear well specified when applied to a random sample of firm-years. Second, the models all generate tests of low power for earnings management of economically plausible magnitudes (e.g., one to five percent of total assets). Third, all models reject the null hypothesis of no earnings management at rates exceeding the specified test-levels when applied to samples of firms with extreme financial performance. This result highlights the importance of controlling for financial performance when investigating earnings management stimuli that are correlated with financial performance. Finally, a modified version of the model developed by Jones (1991) exhibits the most power in detecting earnings management.},
	author = {Dechow, Patricia M. and Sloan, Richard G. and Sweeney, Amy P.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:08:42 +1000},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {2},
	pages = {193--225},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Detecting Earnings Management},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/248303}}

@article{Dechow:2002ud,
	abstract = {This paper suggests a new measure of one aspect of the quality of working capital accruals and earnings. One role of accruals is to shift or adjust the recognition of cash flows over time so that the adjusted numbers (earnings) better measure firm performance. However, accruals require assumptions and estimates of future cash flows. We argue that the quality of accruals and earnings is decreasing in the magnitude of estimation error in accruals. We derive an empirical measure of accrual quality as the residuals from firm‐specific regressions of changes in working capital on past, present, and future operating cash flows. We document that observable firm characteristics can be used as instruments for accrual quality (e.g., volatility of accruals and volatility of earnings). Finally, we show that our measure of accrual quality is positively related to earnings persistence.},
	author = {Dechow, Patricia M. and Dichev, Ilia D.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:08:59 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.35},
	isbn = {0001-4826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	journal1 = {The Accounting Review},
	month = {2/22/2021},
	number = {s-1},
	pages = {35--59},
	title = {The Quality of Accruals and Earnings: The Role of Accrual Estimation Errors},
	ty = {JOUR},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.35},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2002},
	year1 = {2002/03/01},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.s-1.35}}

@inbook{Dechow:2011vi,
	author = {Dechow, Patricia and Khimich, Natalya and Sloan, Richard},
	booktitle = {The Handbook of Equity Market Anomalies: Translating market inefficiencies into effective investment strategies},
	chapter = 2,
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:09:23 +1000},
	pages = {23-49},
	publisher = {Wiley Finance},
	title = {The Accrual Anomaly},
	year = 2011,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/the-handbook-of/9781118127766/OEBPS/9781118127766_epub_ch_02.htm}}

@article{DeFond:2017wl,
	abstract = { A large auditing literature concludes that Big N auditors provide higher audit quality than non-Big N auditors. Recently, however, a high-profile study suggests that propensity score matching (PSM) on client characteristics eliminates the Big N effect [Lawrence A, Minutti-Meza M, Zhang P (2011) Can Big 4 versus non-Big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? Accounting Rev. 86(1):259--286]. We conjecture that this finding may be affected by PSM's sensitivity to its design choices and/or by the validity of the audit quality measures used in the analysis. To investigate, we examine random combinations of PSM design choices that achieve covariate balance, and four commonly used audit quality measures. We find that the majority of these design choices support a Big N effect for most of the audit quality measures. Overall, our findings show that it is premature to suggest that PSM eliminates the Big N effect. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. },
	author = {DeFond, Mark and Erkens, David H. and Zhang, Jieying},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:57:54 -0500},
	doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2016.2528},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2528},
	journal = {Management Science},
	number = {11},
	pages = {3628-3649},
	title = {Do Client Characteristics Really Drive the {Big N} Audit Quality Effect? New Evidence from Propensity Score Matching},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2528},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2528}}

@article{deFranco:2014ct,
	annote = {doi: 10.2308/accr-50635},
	author = {de Franco, Gus and Vasvari, Florin P and Vyas, Dushyantkumar and Wittenberg-Moerman, Regina},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:09:47 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-50635},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	keywords = {Instrumental variable},
	language = {English},
	month = mar,
	number = {2},
	pages = {571--604},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Debt Analysts' Views of Debt-Equity Conflicts of Interest},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.2308/accr-50635}},
	url = {http://aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-50635},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-50635},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50635}}

@article{Doll:1976aa,
	author = {Doll, Richard and Peto, Richard},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 13:11:37 +1000},
	doi = {10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525},
	journal = {British Medical Journal},
	pages = {1525--1536},
	title = {Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male {British} doctors},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1976},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525}}

@book{Dunning:2012tt,
	abstract = {This unique book is the first comprehensive guide to the
    	  discovery, analysis, and evaluation of natural experiments
    	  - an increasingly popular methodology in the social
    	  sciences. Thad Dunning provides an introduction to key
    	  issues in causal inference, including model specification,
    	  and emphasizes the importance of strong research design
    	  over complex statistical analysis. Surveying many examples
    	  of standard natural experiments, regression-discontinuity
    	  designs, and instrumental-variables designs, Dunning
    	  highlights both the strengths and potential weaknesses of
    	  these methods, aiding researchers in better harnessing the
    	  promise of natural experiments while avoiding the pitfalls.
    	  Dunning also demonstrates the contribution of qualitative
    	  methods to natural experiments and proposes new ways to
    	  integrate qualitative and quantitative techniques. Chapters
    	  complete with exercises, and appendices covering
    	  specialized topics such as cluster-randomized natural
    	  experiments, make this an ideal teaching tool as well as a
    	  valuable book for professional researchers.},
	author = {Dunning, Thad},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:10:03 +1000},
	isbn = {1107017661},
	language = {English},
	month = sep,
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Natural Experiments in the Social Sciences: A Design-Based Approach},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?id=ThxVBFZJp0UC&pg=PP5&dq=inauthor:dunning+thad&hl=&cd=2&source=gbs_api},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139084444}}

@article{Ellis:2012vs,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT  In deciding how much information about their firms' customers to disclose, managers face a trade off between the benefits of reducing information asymmetry with capital market participants and the costs of aiding competitors by revealing proprietary information. This paper investigates the determinants of managers' choices to disclose information about their firms' customers using a comprehensive data set of customer-information disclosures over the period 1976--2006. We find robust evidence in support of the hypothesis that proprietary costs are an important factor in firms' disclosure choices regarding information about large customers.},
	author = {Ellis, Jesse A. and Fee, C. Edward and Thomas, Shawn E.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:10:18 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00441.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00441.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {3},
	pages = {685-727},
	title = {Proprietary Costs and the Disclosure of Information About Customers},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00441.x},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00441.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00441.x}}

@article{Erkens:2014hj,
	annote = {doi: 10.2308/accr-50798},
	author = {Erkens, David H. and Subramanyam, K. R. and Zhang, Jieying},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 10:49:21 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-50798},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	keywords = {Instrumental variable},
	month = apr,
	number = {5},
	pages = {1703--1728},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {Affiliated Banker on Board and Conservative Accounting},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.2308/accr-50798}},
	url = {http://aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-50798},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://aaajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2308/accr-50798},
	bdsk-url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50798}}

@article{Ertimur:2015tr,
	abstract = {We examine the effect of a change in the director election system---the switch from a plurality voting standard to a more stringent standard known as majority voting (MV). Using a regression discontinuity design, we document abnormal returns of 1.43--1.60 {\%} around annual meeting dates where shareholder proposals to adopt MV are voted upon, suggesting that shareholders perceive the adoption of MV as value-enhancing. We document an increase in boards'responsiveness to shareholders at MV firms. In particular, relative to a propensity score-matched control sample, firms adopting MV exhibit an increase in the rate of implementation of shareholder proposals supported by a majority vote and in the responsiveness to votes withheld from directors up for election. We do not find a relation between votes withheld and subsequent director turnover, regardless of the election standard. Overall, it appears that, rather than a channel to remove specific directors, director elections are viewed by shareholders as a means to obtain specific governance changes and that, in this respect, their ability to obtain such changes is stronger under a MV standard.},
	author = {Ertimur, Yonca and Ferri, Fabrizio and Oesch, David},
	date = {2015/03/01},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 10:49:43 +1000},
	doi = {10.1007/s11142-014-9284-9},
	id = {Ertimur2015},
	isbn = {1573-7136},
	journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--41},
	title = {Does the director election system matter? Evidence from majority voting},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-014-9284-9},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-014-9284-9}}

@article{Fama:1969wc,
	author = {Fama, Eugene F. and Fisher, Lawrence and Jensen, Michael C. and Roll, Richard},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 10:52:33 +1000},
	doi = {10.2307/2525569},
	issn = {00206598, 14682354},
	journal = {International Economic Review},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--21},
	publisher = {[Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania, Wiley, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University]},
	title = {The Adjustment of Stock Prices to New Information},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2525569},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1969},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2525569},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2525569}}

@article{Fama:1970wk,
	author = {Fama, Eugene F.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-26 07:57:48 +1100},
	doi = {10.2307/2325486},
	issn = {00221082, 15406261},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {2},
	pages = {383--417},
	publisher = {[American Finance Association, Wiley]},
	title = {Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2325486},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1970},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2325486},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2325486}}

@article{Fama:1973vh,
	author = {Fama, Eugene F. and MacBeth, James D.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:36:47 -0500},
	doi = {10.1086/260061},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1086/260061},
	journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	number = {3},
	pages = {607-636},
	title = {Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/260061},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1973},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/260061}}

@article{Fama:1991wk,
	author = {Fama, Eugene F.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:58:26 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04636.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04636.x},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1575-1617},
	title = {Efficient Capital Markets: II},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04636.x},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1991},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04636.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04636.x}}

@article{Fama:2008ve,
	author = {Fama, Eugene F. and French, Kenneth R.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 10:53:04 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1653-1678},
	title = {Dissecting Anomalies},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x}}

@book{Fisher:1935aa,
	author = {Fisher, Ronald A.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:35:13 +1000},
	publisher = {{Oliver and Boyd}},
	title = {The Design of Experiments},
	year = {1935}}

@article{Fisher:1966vi,
	author = {Fisher, Lawrence},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1086/294848},
	journal = {The Journal of Business},
	number = {1},
	pages = {191--225},
	publisher = {JSTOR},
	title = {Some new stock-market indexes},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/294848},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1966},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/294848}}

@article{Foster:1977wy,
	abstract = {The time-series behavior of the quarterly earnings, sales and expense series of 69 firms over the 1946-74 period is examined. A Box-Jenkins time-series methodology is adopted. Based on inspection of the cross-sectional autocorrelation function, it is concluded that each series has (a) an adjacent quarter-to-quarter component and (b) a seasonal component. One-step-ahead forecasting results reveal that these two components can be successfully modelled at the individual firm level. The use of various quarterly forecasting models in security price analysis is also examined. The results are consistent with the market adjusting for seasonality in quarterly earnings in interpreting each quarter's earnings change.},
	author = {Foster, George},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:10:31 +1000},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--21},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Quarterly Accounting Data: Time-Series Properties and Predictive-Ability Results},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1977},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/246028},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/246028}}

@article{Foster:1984ud,
	author = {Foster, George and Olsen, Chris and Shevlin, Terry},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:10:43 +1000},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {4},
	pages = {574--603},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Earnings Releases, Anomalies, and the Behavior of Security Returns},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/247321},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/247321}}

@book{Freedman:2009ur,
	author = {Freedman, David A},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	month = nov,
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Statistical Models and Causal Inference: A Dialogue with the Social Sciences},
	year = {2009}}

@article{Gelman:2019ws,
	author = {Gelman, Andrew and Imbens, Guido},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:13:56 -0500},
	doi = {10.1080/07350015.2017.1366909},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2017.1366909},
	journal = {Journal of Business \& Economic Statistics},
	number = {3},
	pages = {447-456},
	publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
	title = {Why High-Order Polynomials Should Not Be Used in Regression Discontinuity Designs},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2017.1366909},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2017.1366909}}

@incollection{Gillies2011-GILTRT-3,
	author = {Gillies, Donald},
	booktitle = {Causality in the Sciences},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	editor = {Illari, Phyllis McKay and Russo, Federica and Williamson, Jon},
	pages = {110--125},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	title = {The {Russo-Williamson} Thesis and the Question of Whether Smoking Causes Heart Disease},
	year = {2011}}

@article{Glaeser:2017vk,
	author = {Glaeser, Stephen and Guay, Wayne R.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2017.08.003},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Causal inference, Accounting research, Quasi-experimental methods, Generalizability},
	number = {2},
	pages = {305-312},
	title = {Identification and generalizability in accounting research: A discussion of {Christensen, Floyd, Liu, and Maffett} (2017)},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410117300551},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410117300551},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2017.08.003}}

@incollection{Glymour:2008aa,
	author = {Glymour, M. Maria and Greenland, Sander},
	booktitle = {Modern Epidemiology},
	chapter = {12},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:57:48 -0500},
	edition = {3},
	editor = {Rothman, Kenneth J. and Greenland, Sander and Lash, Timothy L.},
	publisher = {Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins},
	title = {Causal diagrams},
	year = {2008}}

@article{Beyer:2010cj,
	author = {Beyer, Anne and Cohen, Daniel A and Lys, Thomas Z and Walther, Beverly R},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.10.003},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	month = dec,
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {296--343},
	title = {The financial reporting environment: Review of the recent literature},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.10.003},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.10.003}}

@article{Bird:2017wi,
	author = {Bird, Andrew and Karolyi, Stephen A.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-51520},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {1},
	pages = {29-50},
	title = {Governance and Taxes: Evidence from Regression Discontinuity},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2308/1558-7967-92.1.000},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/1558-7967-92.1.000},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51520}}

@article{Black:1973aa,
	abstract = { If options are correctly priced in the market, it should not be possible to make sure profits by creating portfolios of long and short positions in options and their underlying stocks. Using this principle, a theoretical valuation formula for options is derived. Since almost all corporate liabilities can be viewed as combinations of options, the formula and the analysis that led to it are also applicable to corporate liabilities such as common stock, corporate bonds, and warrants. In particular, the formula can be used to derive the discount that should be applied to a corporate bond because of the possibility of default. },
	author = {Black, Fischer and Scholes, Myron},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1086/260062},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1086/260062},
	journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	number = {3},
	pages = {637-654},
	title = {The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/260062},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1973},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/260062}}

@article{Black:1976ws,
	author = {Black, Fischer},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.3905/jpm.1976.408558},
	eprint = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/2/2/5.full.pdf},
	issn = {0095-4918},
	journal = {The Journal of Portfolio Management},
	number = {2},
	pages = {5--8},
	publisher = {Institutional Investor Journals Umbrella},
	title = {The Dividend Puzzle},
	url = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/2/2/5},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1976},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/2/2/5},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.1976.408558}}

@article{Bloomfield:2021va,
	abstract = {Abstract Most firms covary more positively with downmarkets than upmarkets---a phenomenon I refer to as ``risk asymmetry.'' I predict and find that risk asymmetry is caused, at least in part, by a firm's ability to selectively obfuscate poor performance. Risk asymmetry decreases significantly when firms are required to adhere to the more stringent auditing standards mandated under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, however this decrease is more muted for firms with weak internal controls. Consistent with my predictions, these patterns are stronger for more market-sensitive firms and weaker for firms that include relative performance evaluation in their CEOs' pay packages. Taken together with prior literature (which documents that risk asymmetry is priced), my results suggest that a firm can lower its cost of capital by credibly reducing its ability to obfuscate value-relevant information.},
	author = {Bloomfield, Matthew J.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12346},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12346},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {reporting quality, obfuscation, asymmetric risk, Sarbanes-Oxley, internal controls},
	number = {3},
	pages = {867-910},
	title = {The Asymmetric Effect of Reporting Flexibility on Priced Risk},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12346},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12346},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12346}}

@article{Boone:2015wi,
	author = {Boone, Audra L. and White, Joshua T.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.05.008},
	issn = {0304-405X},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	keywords = {Institutional investors, Indexing, Information asymmetry, Voluntary disclosure, Earnings forecasts},
	number = {3},
	pages = {508 - 533},
	title = {The effect of institutional ownership on firm transparency and information production},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X15000914},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X15000914},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.05.008}}

@article{Bratten:2013vy,
	abstract = {We provide evidence that disclosed items are not processed differently from recognized items when the disclosures are salient, not based on management estimates, and amenable to simple techniques for imputing as-if recognized amounts. For a sample of firms with both capital and operating leases, we find that as-if recognized amounts for leases are generally reliable and that both recognized lease obligations and disclosed lease obligations are associated with proxies for costs of debt and equity. The magnitudes of these associations are not statistically different across accounting treatments, suggesting that market participants impound as-if recognized operating lease obligations and recognized capital lease obligations similarly into costs of capital. Conditioning on the reliability of as-if recognized operating lease obligations, we find a difference in the association between recognized versus as-if recognized lease obligations and proxies for the costs of debt and equity when the operating lease disclosures are less reliable.},
	author = {Bratten, Brian and Choudhary, Preeti and Schipper, Katherine},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:44:57 +1000},
	doi = {10.2308/accr-50421},
	issn = {00014826},
	journal = {The Accounting Review},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1179--1210},
	publisher = {American Accounting Association},
	title = {Evidence that Market Participants Assess Recognized and Disclosed Items Similarly when Reliability is Not an Issue},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23525975},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/23525975}}

@article{Brown:1989tg,
	author = {Brown, Philip},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2491072},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	pages = {202--216},
	title = {{B}all and {B}rown [1968]},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2491072},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1989},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2491072}}

@article{Brown:2015ik,
	author = {Brown, Nerissa C and Stice, Han and White, Roger M},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12077},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = may,
	number = 2,
	pages = {275--329},
	title = {Mobile Communication and Local Information Flow: Evidence from Distracted Driving Laws},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12077},
	volume = 53,
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12077}}

@article{Burks:2018vb,
	author = {Burks, Jeffrey J. and Cuny, Christine and Gerakos, Joseph and Granja, Jo{\~a}o},
	doi = {10.1007/s11142-018-9463-1},
	id = {Burks2018},
	isbn = {1573-7136},
	journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1471--1511},
	title = {Competition and voluntary disclosure: evidence from deregulation in the banking industry},
	ty = {JOUR},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-018-9463-1},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-018-9463-1}}

@article{Bushee:2003vj,
	abstract = {Recent advances in information technology allow firms to provide broader access to their disclosures. We examine the determinants and effects of the decision to provide unlimited real-time access to conference calls (i.e., ``open'' conference calls). Our evidence suggests that the decision to provide open calls is associated with the composition of a firm's investor base and, to some degree, the complexity of its financial information. We also find that open calls are associated with a greater increase in small trades (consistent with individuals trading on information released during the call) and higher price volatility during the call period.},
	author = {Bushee, Brian J. and Matsumoto, Dawn A. and Miller, Gregory S.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/S0165-4101(02)00073-3},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Conference call, Corporate disclosure, Selective disclosure, Price volatility, Institutional investor},
	number = {1},
	pages = {149-180},
	title = {Open versus closed conference calls: the determinants and effects of broadening access to disclosure},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410102000733},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410102000733},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(02)00073-3}}

@book{Cameron:2005vy,
	author = {Cameron, A.C. and Trivedi, P.K.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:04:59 +1000},
	isbn = {9781139444866},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=TdlKAgAAQBAJ}}

@article{Cameron:2011wu,
	author = {Cameron, A. Colin and Gelbach, Jonah B. and Miller, Douglas L.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1198/jbes.2010.07136},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1198/jbes.2010.07136},
	journal = {Journal of Business \& Economic Statistics},
	number = {2},
	pages = {238-249},
	publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
	title = {Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1198/jbes.2010.07136},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1198/jbes.2010.07136}}

@unpublished{Casey:2015wk,
	author = {Casey, Ryan J. and Gao, Feng and Kirschenheiter, Michael and Li, Siyi and Pandit, Shailendra},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	month = {9},
	note = {Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2380698 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2380698},
	title = {Do Compustat Financial Statement Data Articulate?},
	year = {2015}}

@article{Chava:2008tf,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We identify a specific channel (debt covenants) and the corresponding mechanism (transfer of control rights) through which financing frictions impact corporate investment. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that capital investment declines sharply following a financial covenant violation, when creditors use the threat of accelerating the loan to intervene in management. Further, the reduction in investment is concentrated in situations in which agency and information problems are relatively more severe, highlighting how the state-contingent allocation of control rights can help mitigate investment distortions arising from financing frictions.},
	author = {Chava, Sudheer and Roberts, Michael R.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-31 11:00:59 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01391.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01391.x},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {5},
	pages = {2085-2121},
	title = {How Does Financing Impact Investment? The Role of Debt Covenants},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01391.x},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01391.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01391.x}}

@article{Chen:2018wh,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We analyze a procedure common in empirical accounting and finance research where researchers use ordinary least squares to decompose a dependent variable into its predicted and residual components and use the residuals as the dependent variable in a second regression. This two-step procedure is used to examine determinants of constructs such as discretionary accruals, real activities management, discretionary book-tax differences, and abnormal investment. We show that the typical implementation of this procedure generates biased coefficients and standard errors that can lead to incorrect inferences, with both Type I and Type II errors. We further show that the magnitude of the bias in coefficients and standard errors is a function of the correlations between model regressors. We illustrate the potential magnitude of the bias in accounting research in four commonly used settings. Our results indicate significant bias in many of these settings. We offer three solutions to avoid the bias.},
	author = {Chen, Wei and Hribar, Paul and Melessa, Samuel},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-31 11:01:50 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01391.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12195},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {C18, G10, G30, M40, M41, two-stage, residuals, coefficient bias, discretionary accruals, real earnings management},
	number = {3},
	pages = {751-796},
	title = {Incorrect Inferences When Using Residuals as Dependent Variables},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12195},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12195},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12195}}

@article{Chen:2019wo,
	abstract = {We study whether, and more importantly, through what mechanisms, quasi-indexers affect portfolio firms' tax planning by employing the discontinuity in quasi-indexer ownership around the Russell 1000/2000 index cutoff. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that higher quasi-indexer ownership leads to greater tax saving. With respect to the mechanisms, we find that the greater tax saving is a result of a focus on improved overall firm performance, not a specific focus on improved tax planning. We further find that the documented tax saving effect is partially due to quasi-indexers' influences on executive equity incentives, corporate governance, and information environment.},
	author = {Chen, Shuping and Huang, Ying and Li, Ningzhong and Shevlin, Terry},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-31 11:02:22 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2018.01.001},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Tax planning, Quasi-indexer, Russell index assignment, Regression discontinuity},
	number = {2},
	pages = {278-296},
	title = {How does quasi-indexer ownership affect corporate tax planning?},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410118300016},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410118300016},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2018.01.001}}

@article{Choudhary:2009vj,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) mandated the use of a fair value--based measurement attribute to value employee stock options (ESOs) via Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) 123-R. In anticipation of FAS 123-R, between March 2004 and November 2005, several firms accelerate the vesting of ESOs to avoid recognizing existing unvested ESO grants at fair value in future financial statements. We find that the likelihood of accelerated vesting is higher if (1) acceleration has a greater effect on future ESO compensation expense, especially related to underwater options, and (2) firms suffer greater agency problems, proxied by fewer blockholders, lower pension fund ownership, and top five officers holding a greater share of ESOs. We also find a negative stock price reaction around the announcement of the acceleration decision. Furthermore, stock returns are significantly negative before the new vesting dates and positive afterward, suggesting that vesting dates could have been backdated.},
	author = {Choudhary, Preeti and Rajgopal, Shivaram and Venkatachalam, Mohan},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-31 11:03:44 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00316.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00316.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {1},
	pages = {105-146},
	title = {Accelerated Vesting of Employee Stock Options in Anticipation of {FAS 123-R}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00316.x},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00316.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00316.x}}

@article{Choudhary:2011ul,
	abstract = {I investigate reliability differences across recognition and disclosure regimes to shed light on differing incentives and reporting of employee stock option (ESO) fair values. I compare ESO fair values based on firm-reported inputs with ESO fair values based on benchmark inputs, estimated following authoritative guidance. On average, I find opportunism increases with recognition as compared with disclosure, and that it is associated with incentives to manage earnings. Despite the increase in opportunism, I find that accuracy does not decline for recognizers, and that accuracy differs across voluntary and mandatory recognition.},
	author = {Choudhary, Preeti},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:04:59 +1000},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.004},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Fair value, Earnings management, Recognition versus disclosure, Employee stock options},
	number = {1},
	pages = {77-94},
	title = {Evidence on differences between recognition and disclosure: A comparison of inputs to estimate fair values of employee stock options},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410110000364},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410110000364},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.004}}

@article{Christensen:2017uw,
	author = {Christensen, Hans B. and Floyd, Eric and Liu, Lisa Yao and Maffett, Mark},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2017.08.001},
	isbn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Real effects; Dodd--Frank Act; Mine safety; Corporate social responsibility},
	number = {2},
	pages = {284--304},
	title = {The real effects of mandated information on social responsibility in financial reports: Evidence from mine-safety records},
	ty = {JOUR},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410117300538},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410117300538},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2017.08.001}}

@article{Clorproell:2014cv,
	author = {Clor-Proell, Shana M and Maines, Laureen A},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {671--701},
	title = {The Impact of Recognition Versus Disclosure on Financial Information: A Preparer's Perspective},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2014}}

@book{Cochrane:2009wa,
	author = {Cochrane, John H.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:33:00 +1000},
	month = {04},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {Asset pricing: Revised edition},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691121376/asset-pricing}}

@article{Cohen:2013uc,
	author = {Cohen, Daniel A. and Dey, Aiyesha and Lys, Thomas Z.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:51:09 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01189.x},
	isbn = {0823-9150},
	journal = {Contemporary Accounting Research},
	month = {2021/01/21},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1296--1332},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	title = {Corporate Governance Reform and Executive Incentives: Implications for Investments and Risk Taking},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01189.x},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01189.x}}

@article{Abel:1983um,
	author = {Abel, Andrew B. and Mishkin, Frederic S.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-12-03 17:11:51 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1924498},
	issn = {00346535, 15309142},
	journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	number = {2},
	pages = {318--323},
	publisher = {The MIT Press},
	title = {On the Econometric Testing of Rationality-Market Efficiency},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1924498},
	volume = {65},
	year = {1983},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1924498}}

@book{Adams:2020tm,
	author = {Adams, C.P.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-04-28 15:12:03 -0400},
	doi = {10.1201/9780429288333},
	isbn = {9781000282382},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	series = {{Chapman \& Hall/CRC The R Series}},
	title = {Learning Microeconometrics with {R}},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=oWkQEAAAQBAJ},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=oWkQEAAAQBAJ}}

@article{Ahern:2012kca,
	annote = {10.1093/qje/qjr049},
	author = {Ahern, Kenneth R and Dittmar, Amy K},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1093/qje/qjr049},
	journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {137--197},
	title = {The Changing of the Boards: {T}he Impact on Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjr049},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjr049}}

@article{Ahern:2014id,
	abstract = {Abstract: This paper exploits a novel hand collected dataset to provide a comprehensive analysis of the demographics and social relationships behind illegal insider trading networks . I find that the majority of inside traders are connected through family and ...
},
	author = {Ahern, Kenneth R},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
	language = {English},
	title = {Information Networks: Evidence from Illegal Insider Trading Tips},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.2139/ssrn.2511068}},
	url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2511068},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2511068},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2511068}}

@article{Akobeng:2005uf,
	abstract = {The hierarchy of evidence in assessing the effectiveness of interventions or treatments is explained, and the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, the randomised controlled trial, is discussed. Issues that need to be considered during the critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials, such as assessing the validity of trial methodology and the magnitude and precision of the treatment effect, and deciding on the applicability of research results, are discussed. Important terminologies such as randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, intention to treat, p values, and confidence intervals are explained.},
	author = {Akobeng, Anthony K.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1136/adc.2004.058222},
	eprint = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/8/840.full.pdf},
	issn = {0003-9888},
	journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood},
	number = {8},
	pages = {840--844},
	publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd},
	title = {Understanding randomised controlled trials},
	url = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/8/840},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/8/840},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.058222}}

@article{Angrist:1990dk,
	author = {Angrist, Joshua D},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:02:21 +1000},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {313--336},
	title = {Lifetime Earnings and the {Vietnam} Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from {Social Security} Administrative Records},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2006780}}

@book{Angrist:2008vk,
	author = {Angrist, Joshua D and Pischke, J{\"o}rn-Steffen},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	month = dec,
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion},
	year = {2008}}

@article{Angrist:2010jv,
	author = {Angrist, Joshua D and Pischke, J{\"o}rn-Steffen},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-30 15:12:48 -0500},
	doi = {10.1257/jep.24.2.3},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	language = {English},
	month = may,
	number = {2},
	pages = {3--30},
	rating = {0},
	read = {Yes},
	title = {The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design is Taking the Con out of Econometrics},
	url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/jep.24.2.3},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/jep.24.2.3},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.2.3}}

@article{Appel:2020we,
	author = {Appel, Ian R. and Gormley, Todd A. and Keim, Donald B.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-04-28 15:24:01 -0400},
	doi = {10.1561/104.00000139},
	journal = {Critical Finance Review},
	number = {1--2},
	pages = {151--224},
	title = {Identification using {Russell 1000/2000} index assignments: A discussion of methodologies},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2024},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://cfr.pub/forthcoming/papers/appel2020identification.pdf}}

@article{Armstrong:2013io,
	author = {Armstrong, Christopher S. and Gow, Ian D. and Larcker, David F},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12023},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	language = {English},
	month = dec,
	number = {5},
	pages = {909--950},
	title = {The Efficacy of Shareholder Voting: Evidence from Equity Compensation Plans},
	uri = {\url{papers3://publication/doi/10.1111/1475-679X.12023}},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12023},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12023}}

@article{Armstrong:2014aa,
	abstract = {Although recent research documents a positive relation between corporate transparency and the proportion of independent directors, the direction of causality is unclear. We examine a regulatory shock that substantially increased board independence for some firms, and find that information asymmetry, and to some extent management disclosure and financial intermediation, changed at firms affected by this shock. We also examine whether these effects vary as a function of management entrenchment, information processing costs, and required changes to audit committee independence. Our results suggest that firms can alter their corporate transparency to suit the informational demands of a particular board structure.},
	author = {Armstrong, Christopher S. and Core, John E. and Guay, Wayne R.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.05.009},
	issn = {0304-405X},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	keywords = {Corporate governance, Board of directors, Corporate transparency, Information asymmetry, Board regulations},
	number = {3},
	pages = {383-403},
	title = {Do independent directors cause improvements in firm transparency?},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X14001135},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X14001135},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.05.009}}

@article{Ball:1968ub,
	author = {Ball, Ray and Brown, Philip},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2490232},
	issn = {00218456, 1475679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {2},
	pages = {159--178},
	title = {An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490232},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1968},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490232},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2490232}}

@article{Ball:2008un,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We quantify the relative importance of earnings announcements in providing new information to the share market, using the R2 in a regression of securities' calendar-year returns on their four quarterly earnings-announcement ``window'' returns. The R2, which averages approximately 5\% to 9\%, measures the proportion of total information incorporated in share prices annually that is associated with earnings announcements. We conclude that the average quarterly announcement is associated with approximately 1\% to 2\% of total annual information, thus providing a modest but not overwhelming amount of incremental information to the market. The results are consistent with the view that the primary economic role of reported earnings is not to provide timely new information to the share market. By inference, that role lies elsewhere, for example, in settling debt and compensation contracts and in disciplining prior information, including more timely managerial disclosures of information originating in the firm's accounting system. The relative informativeness of earnings announcements is a concave function of size. Increased information during earnings-announcement windows in recent years is due only in part to increased concurrent releases of management forecasts. There is no evidence of abnormal information arrival in the weeks surrounding earnings announcements. Substantial information is released in management forecasts and in analyst forecast revisions prior (but not subsequent) to earnings announcements.},
	author = {Ball, Ray and Shivakumar, Lakshmanan},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00299.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00299.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {5},
	pages = {975-1016},
	title = {How Much New Information Is There in Earnings?},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00299.x},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00299.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00299.x}}

@article{Ball:2019wu,
	abstract = {The Editor commissioned this replication of Ball and Brown (1968) for a special issue of the Pacific-Basin Finance Journal commemorating the 50th anniversary of its publication. We also describe the background to the original paper and its research design, and offer observations on its interpretation, its impact on the literature and practice, some negative consequences, and its relation to papers published around the same time. One of the pleasing attributes of our original paper is that its results consistently replicate, the implication being that the research design and its implementation uncovered a universal relation between accounting earnings and changes in firm values. The current replication is in two dimensions: time; and geography, with an emphasis on Pacific Basin countries. In the USA and in a selection of 16 other countries, annual accounting earnings continue to contain a large proportion of the information that investors trade into share prices over the year, though not in a timely fashion. Post earnings announcement drift, the first acknowledged share market anomaly, continues today despite being reported five decades ago. One change is that reporting lags internationally have shortened on average and their range has narrowed. A notable change in USA data is that the proportion of the information incorporated in share prices that is contemporaneously incorporated in annual accounting earnings has declined, though the conclusions we draw from this decline are more cautious than in Lev and Gu (2016).},
	author = {Ball, Ray and Brown, Philip},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.12.008},
	issn = {0927-538X},
	journal = {Pacific-Basin Finance Journal},
	keywords = {Anomaly, Ball and Brown (1968), Earnings, EPS, Event study, Income numbers, Market efficiency, PEAD, Replication, Research design, Stock returns, Timeliness, Value relevance},
	pages = {410 - 431},
	title = {{B}all and {B}rown (1968) after fifty years},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927538X18306395},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927538X18306395},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.12.008}}

@article{Bamber:2000wv,
	abstract = {{We show that the community of accounting researchers has not fully appreciated the sensitivity of research conclusions to (necessarily) subjective research design choices, and that this failure has led to the subsequent overgeneralization of early evidence. Our analysis is based on a case study that examines the effects of two basic research design choices, and subsequent researchers' appreciation of the impact of those choices. To enhance our study's accessibility to a broad cross-section of the accounting research community, our case study focuses on an article that is covered in most accounting doctoral programs --- the recipient of the second American Accounting Association ``Seminal Contribution to Accounting Literature Award'' --- Beaver's 1968 article on the information content of annual earnings announcements [Beaver, W. (1968). The information content of annual earnings announcements. Empirical research in accounting; selected studies, 1968. Supplement to Journal of Accounting Research, 6, 67--92.] Our analysis reveals that the research design choices in Beaver's study significantly affected the results. Beaver clearly explained these choices, and was careful in drawing inferences. Nevertheless, subsequent researchers interpreted Beaver's evidence too broadly. Our new empirical evidence suggests that the information content inference is much more fragile than is generally suspected. We also present citation analyses showing that, consistent with the Kuhnian view that adherents of a paradigm tend to ignore (later) anomalous evidence, subsequent researchers largely overlooked post-Beaver evidence that was inconsistent with the paradigm's interpretation of Beaver's results. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of how cognitive biases of individuals, combined with biases inherent in the review process and the academy in general, foster an environment where the placement of the first research bricks affect the whole wall. While the case study focuses on an archival empirical financial accounting study, consideration of the effects of subjective research design choices and the documented deficiencies in the interpretation of research are relevant to empirical accounting researchers in general and to critical theorists, as well. While accounting scholars `think we understand' the impact of research design choices, the evidence presented here suggests that we have collectively failed to apply this understanding in practice. Such failure delays the acquisition of knowledge. This study provides a salient demonstration indicating that we must constantly remain on guard to recognize the subjective nature of research design choices, to consider the likely effects of those choices, and to be cautious in drawing generalizations.}},
	author = {Bamber, Linda Smith and Christensen, Theodore E. and Gaver, Kenneth M.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/S0361-3682(99)00027-6},
	issn = {0361-3682},
	journal = {Accounting, Organizations and Society},
	month = {02},
	number = {2},
	pages = {103--129},
	title = {Do we really `know' what we think we know? A case study of seminal research and its subsequent overgeneralization},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361368299000276},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-file-1 = {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}}

@article{Beaver:1968vf,
	author = {Beaver, William H.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2490070},
	issn = {00218456, 1475679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	pages = {67--92},
	publisher = {[Accounting Research Center, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Wiley]},
	title = {The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490070},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1968},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2490070},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2490070}}

@book{Beaver:1998,
	author = {Beaver, William H},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	edition = {3},
	publisher = {Prentice-Hall, Inc.},
	title = {Financial Reporting: An Accounting Revolution},
	year = {1998}}

@article{Bebchuk:2017tp,
	author = {Bebchuk, Lucian A. and Cohen, Alma and Hirst, Scott},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1257/jep.31.3.89},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	month = {August},
	number = {3},
	pages = {89-112},
	title = {The Agency Problems of Institutional Investors},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.3.89},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.3.89}}

@article{Bennedsen:2007vs,
	abstract = {{This paper uses a unique dataset from Denmark to investigate the impact of family characteristics in corporate decision making and the consequences of these decisions on firm performance. We focus on the decision to appoint either a family or external chief executive officer (CEO). The paper uses variation in CEO succession decisions that result from the gender of a departing CEO's firstborn child. This is a plausible instrumental variable (IV), as male first-child firms are more likely to pass on control to a family CEO than are female first-child firms, but the gender of the first child is unlikely to affect firms' outcomes. We find that family successions have a large negative causal impact on firm performance: operating profitability on assets falls by at least four percentage points around CEO transitions. Our IV estimates are significantly larger than those obtained using ordinary least squares. Furthermore, we show that family-CEO underperformance is particularly large in fast-growing industries, industries with highly skilled labor force, and relatively large firms. Overall, our empirical results demonstrate that professional, nonfamily CEOs provide extremely valuable services to the organizations they head.}},
	author = {Bennedsen, Morten and Nielsen, Kasper Meisner and Perez-Gonzalez, Francisco and Wolfenzon, Daniel},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1162/qjec.122.2.647},
	eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/122/2/647/5470164/122-2-647.pdf},
	issn = {0033-5533},
	journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	month = {05},
	number = {2},
	pages = {647-691},
	title = {Inside the Family Firm: The Role of Families in Succession Decisions and Performance},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.2.647},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.122.2.647}}

@article{Bernard:1989uu,
	author = {Bernard, Victor L. and Thomas, Jacob K.},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2491062},
	issn = {00218456, 1475679X},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	pages = {1--36},
	publisher = {[Accounting Research Center, Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Wiley]},
	title = {Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift: Delayed Price Response or Risk Premium?},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491062},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1989},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491062},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2491062}}

@unpublished{Bernard:1994tm,
	author = {Bernard, Victor L. and Schipper, Katherine},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	month = {November},
	note = {Working paper, University of Michigan},
	title = {Recognition and Disclosure in Financial Reporting},
	year = {1994}}

@article{Bertrand:2003tg,
	abstract = {{This paper investigates whether and how individual managers affect corporate behavior and performance. We construct a manager-firm matched panel data set which enables us to track the top managers across different firms over time. We find that manager fixed effects matter for a wide range of corporate decisions. A significant extent of the heterogeneity in investment, financial, and organizational practices of firms can be explained by the presence of manager fixed effects. We identify specific patterns in managerial decision-making that appear to indicate general differences in ``style'' across managers. Moreover, we show that management style is significantly related to manager fixed effects in performance and that managers with higher performance fixed effects receive higher compensation and are more likely to be found in better governed firms. In a final step, we tie back these findings to observable managerial characteristics. We find that executives from earlier birth cohorts appear on average to be more conservative; on the other hand, managers who hold an MBA degree seem to follow on average more aggressive strategies.}},
	author = {Bertrand, Marianne and Schoar, Antoinette},
	date-added = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 15:44:36 -0500},
	doi = {10.1162/003355303322552775},
	eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/118/4/1169/5427285/118-4-1169.pdf},
	issn = {0033-5533},
	journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	month = {11},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1169-1208},
	title = {Managing with Style: The Effect of Managers on Firm Policies},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552775},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322552775}}

@article{Bao:2022aa,
	author = {Bao, Yang and Ke, Bin and Li, Bin and Yu, Y. Julia and Zhang, Jie},
	date-added = {2023-01-04 13:45:59 -0500},
	date-modified = {2023-01-04 13:46:25 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12454},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12454},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1635-1646},
	title = {Erratum},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12454},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12454},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12454}}

@book{Breiman:1984aa,
	author = {Breiman, Leo and Friedman, Jerome and Stone, Charles J. and Olshen, R.A.},
	date-added = {2022-12-26 09:16:25 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:43:14 +1000},
	isbn = {9780412048418},
	lccn = {83019708},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	title = {Classification and Regression Trees},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=JwQx-WOmSyQC}}

@article{Zhang:2007tv,
	author = {Zhang, Ivy Xiying},
	date-added = {2022-12-07 11:06:39 -0500},
	date-modified = {2022-12-07 11:06:39 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.02.002},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Securities legislation, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Corporate governance, Internal control, Non-audit services},
	note = {Conference Issue on Corporate Governance: Financial Reporting, Internal Control, and Auditing},
	number = {1},
	pages = {74-115},
	title = {Economic consequences of the {Sarbanes-Oxley Act} of 2002},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410107000213},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.02.002}}

@book{Kuhn:2013vn,
	author = {Kuhn, M. and Johnson, K.},
	date-added = {2022-10-05 16:33:51 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:22:53 +1000},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6849-3},
	isbn = {9781461468493},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	series = {SpringerLink: B{\"u}cher},
	title = {Applied Predictive Modeling},
	url = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xYRDAAAAQBAJ},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xYRDAAAAQBAJ}}

@book{McCrum:2022vl,
	author = {McCrum, D.},
	date-added = {2022-10-04 11:51:47 +1100},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 13:24:02 +1000},
	isbn = {9781473593879},
	publisher = {Transworld},
	title = {Money Men: The inspiration for {N}etflix's {S}kandal! A Hot Startup, A Billion Dollar Fraud, A Fight for the Truth},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=rcosEAAAQBAJ}}

@article{Dyck:2010wi,
	author = {Dyck, Alexander and Morse, Adair and Zingales, Luigi},
	date-added = {2022-10-04 09:39:56 +1100},
	date-modified = {2022-10-04 09:39:56 +1100},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01614.x},
	isbn = {0022-1082},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {6},
	pages = {2213--2253},
	title = {Who Blows the Whistle on Corporate Fraud?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01614.x},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01614.x}}

@article{Bao:2020aa,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We develop a state-of-the-art fraud prediction model using a machine learning approach. We demonstrate the value of combining domain knowledge and machine learning methods in model building. We select our model input based on existing accounting theories, but we differ from prior accounting research by using raw accounting numbers rather than financial ratios. We employ one of the most powerful machine learning methods, ensemble learning, rather than the commonly used method of logistic regression. To assess the performance of fraud prediction models, we introduce a new performance evaluation metric commonly used in ranking problems that is more appropriate for the fraud prediction task. Starting with an identical set of theory-motivated raw accounting numbers, we show that our new fraud prediction model outperforms two benchmark models by a large margin: the Dechow et al. logistic regression model based on financial ratios, and the Cecchini et al. support-vector-machine model with a financial kernel that maps raw accounting numbers into a broader set of ratios.},
	author = {Bao, Yang and Ke, Bin and Li, Bin and Yu, Y. Julia and Zhang, Jie},
	date-added = {2022-09-29 13:45:09 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:31:33 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12292},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12292},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {C53, M41, fraud prediction, machine learning, ensemble learning},
	number = {1},
	pages = {199-235},
	title = {Detecting Accounting Fraud in Publicly Traded {US} Firms Using a Machine Learning Approach},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12292},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-679X.12292},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12292}}

@book{Hastie:2013tz,
	author = {Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. and Friedman, J.},
	date-added = {2022-09-27 14:45:07 +1000},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:36:51 +1000},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7},
	isbn = {9780387216065},
	lccn = {2001031433},
	publisher = {Springer New York},
	series = {Springer Series in Statistics},
	title = {The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com.au/books?id=yPfZBwAAQBAJ}}

@inproceedings{Seiffert:2008to,
	author = {Seiffert, Chris and Khoshgoftaar, Taghi M. and Van Hulse, Jason and Napolitano, Amri},
	booktitle = {2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
	date-added = {2022-09-27 14:34:02 +1000},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	pages = {1-4},
	title = {RUSBoost: Improving classification performance when training data is skewed},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2008.4761297}}

@article{Leuz:2007tj,
	abstract = {This paper discusses evidence on the costs of the Sarbanes--Oxley Act (SOX) from stock returns and going-private decisions. Zhang, [2007. Economic consequences of the Sarbanes--Oxley Act of 2002. Journal of Accounting and Economics, doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2006.07.002] analyzes returns around legislative events and concludes that SOX imposes significant costs on firms. Engel, et al. [2007. The Sarbanes--Oxley Act and firms' going-private decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics, doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.02.002] examine going-private decisions and point to unintended consequences. Both studies are carefully conducted and deserve praise for tackling an important issue. However, as my discussion highlights, several key findings may not be attributable to SOX and we should exercise caution in interpreting the evidence. While it is not implausible that one-size-fits-all regulation imposes substantial costs on firms, we presently do not have much SOX-related evidence to support this conclusion.},
	author = {Leuz, Christian},
	date-added = {2022-09-08 08:03:17 +1000},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.06.001},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Securities regulation, Event study, Disclosure, Corporate governance, Cost--benefit analysis, Going private},
	note = {Conference Issue on Corporate Governance: Financial Reporting, Internal Control, and Auditing},
	number = {1},
	pages = {146-165},
	title = {Was the {Sarbanes--Oxley Act} of 2002 really this costly? A discussion of evidence from event returns and going-private decisions},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410107000444},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.06.001}}

@techreport{Shiller:1984vl,
	author = {Shiller, Robert},
	date-added = {2022-08-03 12:38:41 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	institution = {Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University},
	keywords = {Efficient markets; speculative bubbles; fashions; fads},
	number = {719R},
	title = {Stock Prices and Social Dynamics},
	type = {Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:719r}}

@article{Dechow:2014tl,
	abstract = { Accounting earnings summarize periodic corporate financial performance and are key determinants of stock prices. We review research on the usefulness of accounting earnings, including research on the link between accounting earnings and firm value and research on the usefulness of accounting earnings relative to other accounting and nonaccounting information. We also review research on the features of accounting earnings that make them useful to investors, including the accrual accounting process, fair value accounting, and the conservatism convention. We finish by summarizing research that identifies situations in which investors appear to misinterpret earnings and other accounting information, leading to security mispricing. },
	author = {Dechow, Patricia M. and Sloan, Richard G. and Zha, Jenny},
	date-added = {2022-07-29 15:25:56 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-financial-110613-034522},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110613-034522},
	journal = {Annual Review of Financial Economics},
	number = {1},
	pages = {343-363},
	title = {Stock Prices and Earnings: A History of Research},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110613-034522}}

@article{Hagopian:2006uq,
	author = {Hagopian, Kip},
	date-added = {2022-06-16 09:02:51 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.2307/41166364},
	eprint = {https://doi.org/10.2307/41166364},
	journal = {California Management Review},
	number = {4},
	pages = {136-156},
	title = {Point of View: Expensing Employee Stock Options is Improper Accounting},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/41166364}}

@article{Brown:2007up,
	author = {Brown, Lawrence D. and Lee, Yen-Jung},
	date-added = {2022-06-16 08:59:45 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:26:05 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1468-5957.2011.02247.x},
	journal = {Journal of Business Finance & Accounting},
	month = {9},
	number = {9-10},
	pages = {1053-1095},
	title = {Changes in Option-Based Compensation Around the Issuance of {SFAS 123R}},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.930818}}

@article{Aboody:2004ub,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We investigate factors associated with firms' decisions in 2002 and early 2003 to recognize stock-based compensation expense under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123. We find that the likelihood of SFAS 123 expense recognition is significantly related to the extent of the firm's participation in capital markets, the private incentives of top management and members of the board of directors, the level of information asymmetry, and political costs. Although recognizing firms have significantly smaller SFAS 123 expense, we find no significant incremental relation between recognition likelihood and SFAS 123 expense magnitude after controlling for other factors that we expect explain the recognition decision. We also find positive and significant announcement returns for earlier announcing firms, particularly those stating that increased earnings transparency motivates their decision.},
	author = {Aboody, David and Barth, Mary E. and Kasznik, Ron},
	date-added = {2022-06-16 08:56:33 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-10 20:03:46 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00132.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00132.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {2},
	pages = {123-150},
	title = {Firms' Voluntary Recognition of Stock-Based Compensation Expense},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00132.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00132.x}}

@article{Heckman:2017uj,
	author = {Heckman, James J. and Singer, Burton},
	date-added = {2022-06-15 13:26:59 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1257/aer.p20171118},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	month = {May},
	number = {5},
	pages = {298-302},
	title = {Abducting Economics},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.p20171118},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171118}}

@book{Shadish:2002uv,
	author = {Shadish, William R. and Cook, Thomas D. and Campbell, Donald T.},
	date-added = {2022-06-15 12:21:23 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-01-19 18:40:45 -0500},
	isbn = {9780395615560},
	lccn = {20131551},
	publisher = {Houghton Mifflin},
	title = {Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=o7jaAAAAMAAJ}}

@book{Huntington-Klein:2021uc,
	author = {Huntington-Klein, Nick},
	date-added = {2022-06-15 10:34:10 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-04-29 06:42:55 -0400},
	isbn = {9781003226055},
	lccn = {2021032147},
	publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press},
	title = {The Effect: An Introduction to Research Design and Causality},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://books.google.com/books?id=VoyyzgEACAAJ}}

@article{Gueguen:2013vr,
	abstract = {Previous studies have indicated negative evaluations of women with tattoos. However, a study by Swami and Furnham (2007) showed that tattooed women were rated as less physically attractive but more sexually promiscuous. Given that men interpret women's sexual intent according to their physical appearance, we predicted that women with tattoos would be more favorably approached by men. A temporary tattoo was placed on confederates' lower back, or not, and all confederates were instructed to read a book while lying flat on their stomach on a well-known beach. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment showed that more men (N = 220) approached the tattooed confederates and that the mean latency of their approach was quicker. A second experiment showed that men (N = 440) estimated to have more chances to have a date and to have sex on the first date with tattooed confederates. However, the level of physical attractiveness attributed to the confederate was not influenced by the tattoo condition. These results were discussed with respect to men's possible misinterpretation of women wearing tattoos and the risks associated with this misinterpretation.},
	address = {Business Department, Universit{\'e}de Bretagne-Sud, IMABS, rue de la loi, 56000, Vannes, France, nicolas.gueguen@univ-ubs.fr.},
	author = {Gu{\'e}guen, Nicolas},
	crdt = {2013/05/10 06:00},
	date = {2013 Nov},
	date-added = {2022-06-14 18:16:25 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	dcom = {20141121},
	dep = {20130509},
	doi = {10.1007/s10508-013-0104-2},
	edat = {2013/05/10 06:00},
	issn = {1573-2800 (Electronic); 0004-0002 (Linking)},
	jid = {1273516},
	journal = {Archives of Sexual Behavior},
	jt = {Archives of sexual behavior},
	language = {eng},
	lid = {10.1007/s10508-013-0104-2 {$[$}doi{$]$}},
	lr = {20181202},
	mh = {Adult; *Attitude; *Beauty; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Men/*psychology; Sexual Behavior/*psychology; Social Perception; *Stereotyping; *Tattooing; Young Adult},
	mhda = {2014/12/15 06:00},
	month = {Nov},
	number = {8},
	own = {NLM},
	pages = {1517--1524},
	phst = {2011/05/30 00:00 {$[$}received{$]$}; 2013/03/13 00:00 {$[$}accepted{$]$}; 2013/02/23 00:00 {$[$}revised{$]$}; 2013/05/10 06:00 {$[$}entrez{$]$}; 2013/05/10 06:00 {$[$}pubmed{$]$}; 2014/12/15 06:00 {$[$}medline{$]$}},
	pl = {United States},
	pmid = {23657810},
	pst = {ppublish},
	pt = {Journal Article},
	sb = {IM},
	status = {MEDLINE},
	title = {Effects of a tattoo on men's behavior and attitudes towards women: An experimental field study.},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0104-2}}

@article{Burt:2000tm,
	abstract = {The double blind, randomized trial is now accepted as the most rigorous design for clinical research. While the concept of double blinding seems to be well understood, randomization is increasingly and erroneously being confused and credited with a power that it does not possess. Confusion arises as to whether it is the patient or the treatment that is randomized and the technique is credited with ensuring equal distribution of demographic variations and confounding factors between the treatment groups. When an imbalance of these occurs there is a tendency to consider that the randomization `failed'and that therefore the study is of no scientific value. This paper clarifies the role and purpose of randomization and discusses its function and limitations.},
	author = {Burt, R. A. P.},
	date = {2000/12/01},
	date-added = {2022-06-13 11:20:18 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:27:29 +1000},
	doi = {10.2165/00124363-200012000-00009},
	id = {Burt2000},
	isbn = {1179-1993},
	journal = {International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine},
	number = {6},
	pages = {319--321},
	title = {The randomization failed---discard the study},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2165/00124363-200012000-00009}}

@article{Card:1994aa,
	author = {Card, David and Krueger, Alan B.},
	date-added = {2022-06-11 13:05:03 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-31 10:57:31 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/2118030},
	journal = {The American Economic Review},
	number = {4},
	pages = {772--793},
	publisher = {American Economic Association},
	title = {Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in {New Jersey and Pennsylvania}},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2118030},
	urldate = {2022-06-11},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1994},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2677856}}

@unpublished{Black:2019vv,
	author = {Black, Bernard S. and Desai, Hemang and Litvak, Kate and Yoo, Woongsun and Yu, Jeff Jiewei},
	date-added = {2022-06-06 14:30:22 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-10 20:14:44 -0500},
	doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3415529},
	journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
	month = {July},
	note = {SSRN working paper},
	title = {Pre-Analysis Plan for the {Reg SHO} Reanalysis Project},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3935088},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3415529},
	bdsk-url-3 = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3415529}}

@article{Mahase:2021tz,
	author = {Mahase, Elisabeth},
	date-added = {2022-06-03 08:37:16 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1136/bmj.n2713},
	elocation-id = {n2713},
	eprint = {https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n2713.full.pdf},
	journal = {BMJ},
	publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd},
	title = {Covid-19: Pfizer{\textquoteright}s paxlovid is 89\% effective in patients at risk of serious illness, company reports},
	volume = {375},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n2713},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2713}}

@article{Frison:1992te,
	abstract = {This paper explores the use of simple summary statistics for analysing repeated measurements in randomized clinical trials with two treatments. Quite often the data for each patient may be effectively summarized by a pre-treatment mean and a post-treatment mean. Analysis of covariance is the method of choice and its superiority over analysis of post-treatment means or analysis of mean changes is quantified, as regards both reduced variance and avoidance of bias, using a simple model for the covariance structure between time points. Quantitative consideration is also given to practical issues in the design of repeated measures studies: the merits of having more than one pre-treatment measurement are demonstrated, and methods for determining sample sizes in repeated measures designs are provided. Several examples from clinical trials are presented, and broad practical recommendations are made. The examples support the value of the compound symmetry assumption as a realistic simplification in quantitative planning of repeated measures trials. The analysis using summary statistics makes no such assumption. However, allowance in design for alternative non-equal correlation structures can and should be made when necessary.},
	address = {Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, U.K.},
	author = {Frison, L and Pocock, S J},
	cin = {Stat Med. 1994 Jan 30;13(2):197-8. PMID: 8122055; Stat Med. 2000 Nov 30;19(22):3133-5. PMID: 11113948},
	crdt = {1992/09/30 00:00},
	date = {1992 Sep 30},
	date-added = {2022-06-02 19:11:25 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-25 16:23:19 -0500},
	dcom = {19930217},
	doi = {10.1002/sim.4780111304},
	edat = {1992/09/30 00:00},
	issn = {0277-6715 (Print); 0277-6715 (Linking)},
	jid = {8215016},
	journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	jt = {Statistics in medicine},
	language = {eng},
	lr = {20220410},
	mh = {Analysis of Variance; *Clinical Trials as Topic; *Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Models, Statistical; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; *Research Design},
	mhda = {1992/09/30 00:01},
	month = {Sep},
	number = {13},
	own = {NLM},
	pages = {1685--1704},
	phst = {1992/09/30 00:00 {$[$}pubmed{$]$}; 1992/09/30 00:01 {$[$}medline{$]$}; 1992/09/30 00:00 {$[$}entrez{$]$}},
	pl = {England},
	pmid = {1485053},
	pst = {ppublish},
	pt = {Journal Article},
	sb = {IM},
	status = {MEDLINE},
	title = {Repeated measures in clinical trials: analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design.},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780111304}}

@article{White:1980aa,
	abstract = {This paper presents a parameter covariance matrix estimator which is consistent even when the disturbances of a linear regression model are heteroskedastic. This estimator does not depend on a formal model of the structure of the heteroskedasticity. By comparing the elements of the new estimator to those of the usual covariance estimator, one obtains a direct test for heteroskedasticity, since in the absence of heteroskedasticity, the two estimators will be approximately equal, but will generally diverge otherwise. The test has an appealing least squares interpretation.},
	author = {White, Halbert},
	date-added = {2022-05-24 09:36:14 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-01-17 10:43:29 -0500},
	doi = {10.2307/1912934},
	issn = {00129682, 14680262},
	journal = {Econometrica},
	number = {4},
	pages = {817--838},
	publisher = {[Wiley, Econometric Society]},
	title = {A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity},
	urldate = {2022-05-24},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1980},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1912934}}

@article{Cameron:2008ws,
	author = {Cameron, A. Colin and Gelbach, Jonah B. and Miller, Douglas L.},
	date-added = {2022-05-24 09:32:13 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-11 12:42:20 -0500},
	doi = {10.1162/rest.90.3.414},
	issn = {00346535, 15309142},
	journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	number = {3},
	pages = {414--427},
	publisher = {The MIT Press},
	title = {Bootstrap-Based Improvements for Inference with Clustered Errors},
	urldate = {2022-05-24},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40043157}}

@article{Fang:2019tt,
	author = {Fang, Vivian W. and Huang, Allen H. and Karpoff, Jonathan M.},
	date-added = {2022-05-20 09:41:14 -0400},
	date-modified = {2024-08-30 14:33:53 +1000},
	doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3507033},
	journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
	month = {December},
	note = {SSRN working paper},
	title = {Reply to `The {Reg SHO} Reanalysis Project: Reconsidering {Fang, Huang and Karpoff} (2016) on {Reg SHO} and Earnings Management' by {Black et al.} (2019)},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3507033},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3507033}}

@article{Kothari:2005aa,
	author = {Kothari, S.P. and Leone, Andrew J. and Wasley, Charles E.},
	date-added = {2022-05-19 11:36:25 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-08-16 09:07:49 +1000},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.11.002},
	issn = {0165-4101},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting and Economics},
	keywords = {Discretionary accruals, Earnings management, Performance matching, Discretionary-accruals models},
	number = {1},
	pages = {163-197},
	title = {Performance matched discretionary accrual measures},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410104000849},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165410104000849},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.11.002}}

@article{Kelly:2012ul,
	author = {Kelly, Bryan and Ljungqvist, Alexander},
	date-added = {2022-05-18 09:20:58 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1093/rfs/hhr134},
	journal = {Review of Financial Studies},
	month = {jan},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1366--1413},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press ({OUP})},
	title = {Testing Asymmetric-Information Asset Pricing Models},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhr134},
	volume = {25},
	year = 2012,
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhr134}}

@article{Harvey:2017ux,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT Given the competition for top journal space, there is an incentive to produce ``significant'' results. With the combination of unreported tests, lack of adjustment for multiple tests, and direct and indirect p-hacking, many of the results being published will fail to hold up in the future. In addition, there are basic issues with the interpretation of statistical significance. Increasing thresholds may be necessary, but still may not be sufficient: if the effect being studied is rare, even t > 3 will produce a large number of false positives. Here I explore the meaning and limitations of a p-value. I offer a simple alternative (the minimum Bayes factor). I present guidelines for a robust, transparent research culture in financial economics. Finally, I offer some thoughts on the importance of risk-taking (from the perspective of authors and editors) to advance our field. SUMMARY Empirical research in financial economics relies too much on p-values, which are poorly understood in the first place. Journals want to publish papers with positive results and this incentivizes researchers to engage in data mining and ``p-hacking.'' The outcome will likely be an embarrassing number of false positives---effects that will not be repeated in the future. The minimum Bayes factor (which is a function of the p-value) combined with prior odds provides a simple solution that can be reported alongside the usual p-value. The Bayesianized p-value answers the question: What is the probability that the null is true? The same technique can be used to answer: What threshold of t-statistic do I need so that there is only a 5\% chance that the null is true? The threshold depends on the economic plausibility of the hypothesis.},
	author = {Harvey, Campbell R.},
	date-added = {2022-05-17 10:03:10 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/jofi.12530},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jofi.12530},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1399-1440},
	title = {Presidential Address: The Scientific Outlook in Financial Economics},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jofi.12530},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12530}}

@article{Diether:2009vu,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We examine the effects of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)-mandated temporary suspension of short-sale price tests for a set of Pilot securities. While short-selling activity increases both for NYSE- and Nasdaq-listed Pilot stocks, returns and volatility at the daily level are unaffected. NYSE-listed Pilot stocks experience more symmetric trading patterns and a slight increase in spreads and intraday volatility after the suspension while there is a smaller effect on market quality for Nasdaq-listed Pilot stocks. The results suggest that the effect of the price tests on market quality can largely be attributed to distortions in order flow created by the price tests themselves.},
	author = {Diether, Karl B. and Lee, Kuan-Hui and Werner, Ingrid M.},
	date-added = {2022-05-12 10:49:18 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01428.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01428.x},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {1},
	pages = {37-73},
	title = {It's {SHO} Time! Short-Sale Price Tests and Market Quality},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01428.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01428.x}}

@article{Alexander:2008th,
	abstract = {Using data from Regulation SHO's pilot program, we examine how price tests affect trader behavior and market quality, which are areas of interest given by the US Securities and Exchange Commission in evaluating these tests. After comparing sampled matched pairs of pilot and control stocks, we find that the removal of price tests benefit traders by allowing them to trade more aggressively by placing orders that receive quicker execution. Furthermore, concerns about the suspension of price tests leading to a degradation of market quality are unfounded. The evidence therefore suggests unambiguously that such tests should be removed.},
	author = {Alexander, Gordon J. and Peterson, Mark A.},
	date-added = {2022-05-12 10:47:51 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-10 20:05:38 -0500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.finmar.2007.06.002},
	issn = {1386-4181},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Markets},
	keywords = {Short selling, Uptick rule, Bid test, Regulation SHO},
	number = {1},
	pages = {84-111},
	title = {The effect of price tests on trader behavior and market quality: An analysis of {Reg SHO}},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386418107000158},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2007.06.002}}

@article{Bloomfield:2018va,
	author = {Bloomfield, Robert and Rennekamp, Kristina and Steenhoven, Blake},
	date-added = {2022-05-04 09:47:44 -0400},
	date-modified = {2023-01-10 20:19:37 -0500},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-679X.12208},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-679X.12208},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	keywords = {C18, I23, M40, registered reports, reproducibility, editorial processes, research discretion, peer review},
	number = {2},
	pages = {313-362},
	title = {No System Is Perfect: Understanding How Registration-Based Editorial Processes Affect Reproducibility and Investment in Research Quality},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12208},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12208}}

@article{Fang:2016uy,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT During 2005 to 2007, the SEC ordered a pilot program in which one-third of the Russell 3000 index were arbitrarily chosen as pilot stocks and exempted from short-sale price tests. Pilot firms' discretionary accruals and likelihood of marginally beating earnings targets decrease during this period, and revert to pre-experiment levels when the program ends. After the program starts, pilot firms are more likely to be caught for fraud initiated before the program, and their stock returns better incorporate earnings information. These results indicate that short selling, or its prospect, curbs earnings management, helps detect fraud, and improves price efficiency.},
	author = {Fang, Vivian W. and Huang, Allen H. and Karpoff, Jonathan M.},
	date-added = {2022-04-21 16:13:12 -0400},
	date-modified = {2022-09-29 13:45:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/jofi.12369},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jofi.12369},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {3},
	pages = {1251-1294},
	title = {Short Selling and Earnings Management: A Controlled Experiment},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jofi.12369},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jofi.12369},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12369}}

@article{Chhaochharia:2007aa,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT The 2001 to 2002 corporate scandals led to the Sarbanes--Oxley Act and to various amendments to the U.S. stock exchanges' regulations. We find that the announcement of these rules has a significant effect on firm value. Firms that are less compliant with the provisions of the rules earn positive abnormal returns compared to firms that are more compliant. We also find variation in the response across firm size. Large firms that are less compliant earn positive abnormal returns but small firms that are less compliant earn negative abnormal returns, suggesting that some provisions are detrimental to small firms.},
	author = {Chhaochharia, Vidhi and Grinstein, Yaniv},
	date-added = {2023-04-11 16:21:52 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-04-11 16:21:52 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01257.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01257.x},
	journal = {The Journal of Finance},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1789-1825},
	title = {Corporate Governance and Firm Value: The Impact of the 2002 Governance Rules},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01257.x},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01257.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01257.x}}

@article{Hochberg:2009aa,
	abstract = {ABSTRACT We evaluate the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on shareholders by studying the lobbying behavior of investors and corporate insiders in order to affect the final implemented rules under SOX. Investors lobbied overwhelmingly in favor of strict implementation of SOX, while corporate insiders and business groups lobbied against strict implementation. We identify firms most affected by the law as those whose insiders lobbied against strict implementation. Such firms appear to be characterized by agency problems, rather than motivated by concerns over compliance costs. Cumulative stock returns during the five and a half months leading up to SOX passage were approximately 7\% higher for corporations whose insiders lobbied against SOX disclosure-related provisions than for similar non-lobbying firms, consistent with an expectation that SOX would reduce agency problems. Analysis of returns in the post-passage implementation period suggests that investors' positive expectations with regards to the effects of these provisions were warranted.},
	author = {Hochberg, Yael V. and Sapienza, Paola and Vissing-J{\o}rgensen, Annette},
	date-added = {2023-04-11 16:14:20 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-04-11 16:22:03 +1000},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00321.x},
	eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00321.x},
	journal = {Journal of Accounting Research},
	number = {2},
	pages = {519-583},
	title = {A Lobbying Approach to Evaluating the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00321.x},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00321.x},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00321.x}}

@article{Patell:1984aa,
	abstract = {This paper examines the effects of Broad Tape news releases of earnings and dividend announcements on three aspects of intraday stock price behavior: mean returns, return variance, and serial correlation in consecutive price changes. The initial price reaction is evident in the first pair of price changes following the release (i.e., within a few minutes, at most). The returns earned by simple trading rules dissipate within five to ten minutes, although significant returns are detected in the overnight period and at the opening of trading on the next day. Disturbances in the variance and serial correlation persist for several hours and extend into the following trading day. As a class, dividend announcements induce much less activity than do earnings, although the response to dividend changes is comparable to the earnings announcement effect.},
	author = {Patell, James M. and Wolfson, Mark A.},
	date-added = {2023-04-06 11:21:34 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-04-06 11:21:51 +1000},
	doi = {10.1016/0304-405X(84)90024-2},
	issn = {0304-405X},
	journal = {Journal of Financial Economics},
	number = {2},
	pages = {223-252},
	title = {The intraday speed of adjustment of stock prices to earnings and dividend announcements},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X84900242},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X84900242},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90024-2}}

@article{Desai:2006aa,
	abstract = {We study the behavior of short sellers around earnings restatements. We find that short sellers accumulate positions in restating firms several months in advance of the restatement and subsequently unwind these positions after the drop in share price induced by the restatement. The increase in short interest is larger for firms with high levels of accruals prior to restatement. We document that heavily shorted firms experience poor subsequent performance and a higher rate of delisting. Overall, these results suggest that the motive for short selling is, at least in part, related to suspect financial reporting and that short sellers pay attention to information being conveyed by accruals.},
	author = {Desai, Hemang and Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan and Venkataraman, Kumar},
	date = {2006/03/01},
	date-added = {2023-09-08 11:03:53 +1000},
	date-modified = {2023-09-08 11:03:53 +1000},
	doi = {10.1007/s11142-006-6396-x},
	id = {Desai2006},
	isbn = {1573-7136},
	journal = {Review of Accounting Studies},
	number = {1},
	pages = {71--90},
	title = {Do Short Sellers Target Firms with Poor Earnings Quality? Evidence from Earnings Restatements},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-6396-x},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-6396-x}}