gbifapi_acceptedScientificName gbifapi_acceptedKey kingdom datasetName euConcernStatus firstObservationYearBE firstObservationYearFL invasionStage habitat nativeRange introductionPathway presenceBE presenceFL presenceWA presenceBR gbifapi_scientificName index Abies alba Mill. 2685484 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Abies alba Mill. 1778 Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. 2685361 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. 1779 Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. 5384889 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Abronia fragrans Nutt. 1659 Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 3152614 Plantae plants <1929 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 1610 Acalypha indica L. 3056259 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Acalypha indica L. 1221 Acanthospermum hispidum DC. 3100375 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Acanthospermum hispidum DC. 486 Acanthus mollis L. 5415455 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Acanthus mollis L. 236 Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 2114446 Animalia wrims 1952 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 9352 | 9353 Acer cappadocicum Gled. 7262908 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Acer cappadocicum Gled. 2495 Acer cissifolium (Sieb. & Zucc.) C. Koch 7877018 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Acer cissifolium (Siebold & Zucc.) K. Koch 2496 Acer japonicum C.P. Thunberg ex A. Murray 8010851 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Acer japonicum Thunb. 2497 Acer negundo L. 3189866 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 under consideration 1955 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Acer negundo L. 23 | 24 | 2498 | 9552 Acer palmatum C.P. Thunberg ex A. Murray 7912328 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Acer palmatum Thunb. 2499 Acer rubrum L. 3189883 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Acer rubrum L. 2500 Acer rufinerve Sieb. & Zucc. 7263145 Plantae harmonia | plants 1990 | 2006 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts Acer rufinerve Sieb. & Zucc. 25 | 2501 Acer saccharinum L. 3189837 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Acer saccharinum L. 2502 Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesmael 4925890 Plantae plants <2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesmael 2503 Achillea ageratum L. 3120391 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Achillea ageratum L. 487 Achillea collina (Becker ex Wirtg.) Heimerl 7767460 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. 489 Achillea filipendulina Lam. 3120284 Plantae plants 1944 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Achillea filipendulina Lam. 490 Achillea nobilis L. 3120024 Plantae plants 1880 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Achillea nobilis L. 491 Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P.Beauv. 4142335 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörfl. 2162 Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P.Beauv. 4142326 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P.Beauv. 1843 Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 4287131 Animalia fishes 2001 established freshwater Asia escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869 0 Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 2402129 Animalia fishes 2005 established freshwater Europe escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 1 Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 2402168 Animalia fishes 20xx established freshwater Europe escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 2 Acmella L. C. Rich. ex Pers. 7764312 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Acmella L. C. Rich. ex Pers. 493 Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen 5386764 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen 494 Aconogonon campanulatum (Hook. fil.) Hara 6391389 Plantae plants 2013 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aconogonum campanulatum (Hook. f.) H. Hara 2209 Aconogonum divaricatum (L.) Nakai 7922417 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Aconogonum divaricatum (L.) Nakai 2210 Aconogonum ×fennicum Reiersen 8464367 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aconogonum ×fennicum Reiersen 2211 Acorus calamus L. 2873769 Plantae plants 1680 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Acorus calamus L. 237 Actinidia chinensis var. hispida C.F. Liang 3644922 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > live food and live bait present present present absent Actinidia deliciosa (Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson 238 Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A.Kern. 3133702 Plantae plants 1971 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A.Kern. 495 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 2651816 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 2280 Adiantum raddianum Presl 2651826 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent present Adiantum raddianum Presl 2281 Adonis annua L. 5371709 Plantae plants 1846 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present absent Adonis annua L. 2288 Adonis flammea Jacq. 8246651 Plantae plants 1864 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present absent Adonis flammea Jacq. 2289 Aegilops cylindrica Host 5289783 Plantae plants 1876 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Aegilops cylindrica Host 1844 Aegilops geniculata Roth 5289781 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Aegilops geniculata Roth 1845 Aegilops triuncialis L. 5289793 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Aegilops triuncialis L. 1846 Aegilops ventricosa Tausch 5289791 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Aegilops ventricosa Tausch 1847 Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. 4136390 Plantae plants 1853 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl. 1848 Aeschynomene americana L. 2949235 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Aeschynomene americana L. 1246 Aeschynomene indica L. 2949250 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Aeschynomene indica L. 1247 Aesculus hippocastanum L. 3189815 Plantae plants <1980 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Aesculus hippocastanum L. 2504 Aesculus indica (Colebr. ex Cambess.) Hook. 8566446 Plantae plants <1997 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Aesculus indica (Colebr. ex Cambess.) Hook. 2505 Aesculus pavia L. 3189807 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aesculus pavia var. discolor (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray 2506 Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze 7307327 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze 1521 Agave americana L. 2767031 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Agave americana L. 464 Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. 5400552 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent present absent Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. 496 Ageratum houstonianum Mill. 5401760 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present present Ageratum houstonianum Mill. 497 Agrimonia repens L. 3001978 Plantae plants <1827 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent present absent Agrimonia repens L. 2328 Agropogon lutosus (Poir.) P.Fourn. 4125930 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Agropogon lutosus (Poir.) P.Fourn. 2198 Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. 2705196 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum (M.Bieb.) Tzvelev 1849 Agrostemma brachyloba (Fenzl) K. Hammer 3085366 Plantae plants 1978 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Agrostemma gracile Boiss. 1033 Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. 2706501 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut. 1850 Agrostis eriantha Hack. 4123480 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Agrostis eriantha Hack. 1851 Agrostis exarata Trin. 2706526 Plantae plants 1990 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Agrostis exarata Trin. 1852 Agrostis fouilladeana Lambinon & Verloove 4122968 Plantae plants 1973 established to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Agrostis fouilladeana Lambinon & Verloove 1856 Agrostis nebulosa Boiss. & Reut. 2706457 Plantae plants 1881 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present absent present absent Agrostis nebulosa Boiss. & Reut. 1854 Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle 3190653 Plantae harmonia | plants 1952 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle 26 | 2547 Aira caryophyllea subsp. plesiantha (Jord.) K. Richt. 6084799 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present absent absent Aira caryophyllea subsp. plesiantha (Jord.) K. Richt. 1857 Aira elegantissima Schur 5289579 Plantae plants 1898 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Aira elegantissima Schur 1858 Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) 2498388 harmonia 1953 invasive freshwater Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present present present Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) 27 Aix sponsa (Linnaeus, 1758) 2498387 harmonia 1957 established freshwater N. America to be determined by experts present present absent to be determined by experts Aix sponsa (Linnaeus, 1758) 28 Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. 3033965 Plantae harmonia | plants 2009 introduced terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present absent absent Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. 29 | 1588 Alcea rosea L. 5406789 Plantae plants 1945 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Alcea rosea L. 1613 Alcea rugosa Alef. 5617467 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Alcea rugosa Alef. 1614 Alchemilla conjuncta Bab. 3028431 Plantae plants <1830 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Alchemilla conjuncta Bab. 2329 Alchemilla micans Buser 3027791 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Alchemilla micans Buser 2330 Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. 3028528 Plantae plants 1995 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm. 2331 Alchemilla tytthantha Juz. 3028586 Plantae plants 1960 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent absent present Alchemilla tytthantha Juz. 2332 Allium ampeloprasum L. 2856037 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present absent absent present Allium porrum L. 363 Allium carinatum L. 2855968 Plantae plants 1811 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Allium carinatum L. 357 Allium christophii Trautv. 8174640 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Allium christophii Trautv. 358 Allium fistulosum L. 2856504 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Allium fistulosum L. 359 Allium moly L. 2855825 Plantae plants 1885 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Allium moly L. 360 Allium nigrum L. 2855823 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Allium nigrum L. 361 Allium ramosum L. 2857449 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Allium ramosum L. 364 Allium schoenoprasum L. 2855860 Plantae plants 1836 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Allium schoenoprasum L. 365 Allium scorodoprasum L. 2857420 Plantae plants 1925 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Allium scorodoprasum L. 366 Allium triquetrum L. 2856457 Plantae plants 2013 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Allium triquetrum L. 367 Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby 2876607 Plantae plants 1992 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby 796 Alnus incana (L.) Moench 2876388 Plantae plants 1869 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Alnus incana (L.) Moench 797 Alnus pubescens Tausch 2876571 Plantae plants 1963? unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present present absent Alnus pubescens Tausch 798 Alnus ×spaethii Callier 4097656 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Alnus ×spaethii Callier 799 Alopecurus magellanicus Lam. 4107552 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | N. America | S. America | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alopecurus magellanicus Lam. 1859 Alopochen aegyptiaca (Linnaeus, 1766) 2498252 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 1984 invasive freshwater Africa escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Alopochen aegyptiaca (Linnaeus, 1766) 30 | 9553 Alternanthera angustifolia R. Br. 7606014 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alternanthera angustifolia R. Br. 252 Alternanthera caracasana Kunth 3084958 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alternanthera caracasana Kunth 253 Alternanthera denticulata R. Br. 7655198 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alternanthera denticulata R. Br. 254 Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hil. 6429778 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hil. 256 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. 3084923 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. 9554 Alternanthera pungens Kunth 3084949 Plantae plants <1949 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alternanthera pungens Kunth 257 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. 3084939 Plantae plants 1911 | 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia | Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Alternanthera nodiflora R. Br. | Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. 255 | 258 Alternanthera tenella Colla 3084968 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Alternanthera tenella Colla 259 Alyssum desertorum Stapf 3044743 Plantae plants 1864 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Alyssum desertorum Stapf 854 Alyssum hirsutum M.Bieb. 3045006 Plantae plants 1879 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Alyssum hirsutum M.Bieb. 855 Alyssum montanum L. 3044912 Plantae plants 2002 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Alyssum montanum L. 856 Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. 3045111 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. 857 Alyssum simplex Rudolphi 3045042 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Alyssum simplex Rudolphi 858 Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. 3045193 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. 859 Amaranthus albus L. 7905507 Plantae plants 1857 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus albus L. 261 Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson 5384395 Plantae plants 1886 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson 262 Amaranthus blitum L. 5384336 Plantae plants <1835 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus blitum L. 263 Amaranthus capensis Thell. 7323340 Plantae plants 1890 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus capensis subsp. uncinatus (Thell.) Brenan 265 Amaranthus caudatus L. 6109611 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania escape > horticulture present present present present Amaranthus caudatus L. 266 Amaranthus clementii Domin 5547989 Plantae plants 1939 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus clementii Domin 267 Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thévenau) N. Terracc. 5384341 Plantae plants 1884 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thévenau) N. Terracc. 268 Amaranthus deflexus L. 5384396 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Amaranthus deflexus L. 270 Amaranthus graecizans L. 5384373 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Amaranthus graecizans L. 271 Amaranthus hybridus var. hybridus 7323184 Plantae plants 1870 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus hybridus var. hybridus 272 Amaranthus macrocarpus Benth. 7323833 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus macrocarpus var. pallidus Benth. 277 Amaranthus macrocarpus var. macrocarpus 7323834 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus macrocarpus var. macrocarpus 276 Amaranthus mitchellii Benth. 7323810 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus mitchellii Benth. 278 Amaranthus muricatus (Moq.) Hieron. 5384332 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Amaranthus muricatus (Moq.) Hieron. 279 Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson 5384393 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson 280 Amaranthus polygonoides L. 5384342 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus polygonoides L. 281 Amaranthus powellii S. Watson 5384359 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus hybridus var. pseudoretroflexus (Thellung) Carretero 273 Amaranthus powellii subsp. bouchonii (Thell.) Costea & Carretero 5548528 Plantae plants 1957 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus powellii subsp. bouchonii (Thell.) Costea & Carretero 282 Amaranthus ralletii Contré 7975549 Plantae plants 1985 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent absent present Amaranthus ralletii Contré 292 Amaranthus retroflexus L. 6109534 Plantae plants 1857 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amaranthus retroflexus L. 283 Amaranthus scleropoides Uline & W. L. Bray 5384370 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amaranthus scleropoides Uline & W. L. Bray 284 Amaranthus spinosus L. 5384401 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Amaranthus spinosus L. 285 Amaranthus standleyanus Parodi ex Covas 5548401 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Amaranthus standleyanus Parodi ex Covas 286 Amaranthus thunbergii Moq. 5384383 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Amaranthus thunbergii Moq. 287 Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer 8577467 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer 288 Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. 3122190 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. 498 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 8002952 harmonia terrestrial N. America to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 31 Ambrosia polystachya DC. 3110593 Plantae plants 1883 unknown to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Ambrosia polystachya DC. 499 Ambrosia psilostachya DC. 3110686 Plantae plants 1917 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Ambrosia psilostachya DC. 500 Ambrosia trifida L. 3110588 Plantae plants 1829 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Ambrosia trifida L. 501 Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) 2340977 Animalia t0 under consideration absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) 9555 Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819) 2340989 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1871 1871 established freshwater N. America | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819) 3 | 32 Amelanchier lamarckii F. G. Schroed. 3024109 Plantae harmonia | plants 1876 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Amelanchier lamarckii F. G. Schroed. 33 | 2333 Amethystea caerulea L. 4930999 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent absent present Amethystea caerulea L. 1522 Ammi majus L. 3034182 Plantae plants 1813 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Ammi majus L. 381 Amorpha fruticosa L. 5357407 Plantae plants 1946 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Amorpha fruticosa L. 1248 Amphibalanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 4805564 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1952 1952 established | introduced marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Amphibalanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 209 | 9354 | 9355 Amphibalanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 6467647 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1895 before 1700 established | introduced marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. Atlantic Ocean | S. Atlantic Ocean | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Amphibalanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 210 | 9356 | 9357 Amphibalanus reticulatus Utinomi, 1967 6128436 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1999 1997 established | introduced marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Indian Ocean | S. Atlantic Ocean | S. Pacific Ocean | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Amphibalanus reticulatus Utinomi, 1967 213 | 9358 Amphibalanus variegatus (Darwin, 1854) 4805565 Animalia wrims 1997 introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Amphibalanus variegatus (Darwin, 1854) 9359 Amsinckia eastwoodiae J.F.Macbr. 2925879 Plantae plants 1924 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Amsinckia eastwoodiae J.F.Macbr. 808 Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. 6395134 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. 809 Amsinckia lycopsoides Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 8386733 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Amsinckia lycopsoides Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 810 Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nels. Macbr. 2925870 Plantae plants 1884 | 1979 established | introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent | present absent | present Amsinckia micrantha Suksdorf | Amsinckia retrorsa Suksd. 811 | 812 Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray 2925877 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent present present Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray 813 Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers. 3148589 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers. 503 Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. 4926336 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. 506 Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) Sims ex C.B.Clarke 3136929 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) Sims ex C.B.Clarke 507 Anarrhinum bellidifolium (L.) Willd. 8114833 Plantae plants 1957 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Anarrhinum bellidifolium (L.) Willd. 1797 Anchusa italica Retz. 5341199 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Anchusa azurea Mill. 814 Anchusa ochroleuca M. Bieb. 5662089 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Anchusa ochroleuca M. Bieb. 815 Anchusa officinalis subsp. officinalis 7295374 Plantae plants 1828 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Anchusa officinalis subsp. officinalis 816 Anchusa ovata Lehm. 5662067 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Anchusa ovata Lehm. 817 Anchusa procera Bessey 8227753 Plantae plants 1904 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Anchusa procera Bessey 818 Andrachne telephioides L. 3079631 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Andrachne telephioides L. 1774 Androsace maxima L. 3169329 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Androsace maxima L. 2272 Anemone apennina L. 3927746 Plantae plants 1807 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present present Anemone apennina L. 2290 Anemone blanda Schott & Kotschy 3033242 Plantae plants 1984 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Anemone blanda Schott & Kotschy 2291 Anemone coronaria L. 3033261 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Anemone coronaria L. 2292 Anemone ×hybrida Paxton 3925834 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Anemone ×hybrida Paxton 2293 Anethum graveolens L. 3034646 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Anethum graveolens L. 383 Angelica archangelica L. 5371808 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) | escape > horticulture present present present present Angelica archangelica L. 384 Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974) 5890148 Animalia wrims 1985 established | to be determined by experts | unknown to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974 | Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki, 1974) 9360 | 9361 | 9362 Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. 3152493 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. 1615 Anogramma chaerophylla (Desv.) Link 5566061 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present absent absent Anogramma chaerophylla (Desv.) Link 2282 Anser indicus (Latham, 1790) 2498035 harmonia 1966 established freshwater Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present absent to be determined by experts Anser indicus (Latham, 1790) 34 Anthemis ruthenica M.Bieb. 3102823 Plantae plants 1828 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Anthemis ruthenica M.Bieb. 508 Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 2705972 Plantae plants 1840 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 1861 Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. 5371746 Plantae plants 1859 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. 385 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. carpatica (Pant.) Nyman 5352425 Plantae plants 1866 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. carpatica (Pant.) Nyman 1249 Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. polyphylla (DC.) Nyman 5352372 Plantae plants 1864 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. polyphylla (DC.) Nyman 1250 Antirrhinum graniticum Rothm. 7333212 Plantae plants 1975 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Antirrhinum graniticum Rothm. 1798 Antirrhinum majus L. 3172001 Plantae plants 1846 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present present present Antirrhinum majus L. 1799 Antithamnionella spirographidis (Schiffner) E.M.Wollaston, 1968 2657651 Plantae wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Antithamnionella spirographidis (Schiffner) E.M.Wollaston, 1968 9363 Antithamnionella ternifolia (J.D.Hooker & Harvey) Lyle, 1922 2657641 Plantae wrims 1970 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Antithamnionella ternifolia (J.D.Hooker & Harvey) Lyle, 1922 9364 | 9365 Apera intermedia Hack. 5676903 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent absent present Apera intermedia Hack. 1863 Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. 5289643 Plantae plants 1818 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. 1864 Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) 2330928 Animalia wrims 2000 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) 9366 | 9367 Aponogeton distachyos L.f. 5328593 Plantae plants 1993 unknown to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Aponogeton distachyos L.f. 436 Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. arenosa 7068732 Plantae plants ? established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Arabidopsis arenosa subsp. arenosa 860 Arabidopsis halleri (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz 3052450 Plantae plants 1947 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Arabidopsis halleri (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz 861 Arabis auriculata Lam. 5375105 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Arabis auriculata Lam. 863 Arabis caucasica Willd. 5374922 Plantae plants 1881 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica (Willd. ex Schlecht.) Briq. 862 Arabis collina Ten. 5374998 Plantae plants <1850 unknown to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Arabis collina Ten. 864 Arabis planisiliqua (Pers.) Rchb. 5374933 Plantae plants 1855 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Arabis planisiliqua (Pers.) Rchb. 865 Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. 5375012 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit. 866 Arachis hypogaea L. 5353770 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present absent absent Arachis hypogaea L. 1251 Aralia cordata Thunb. 3037015 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Aralia cordata Thunb. 447 Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. 3036892 Plantae plants <1999 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. 448 Aralia racemosa L. 3036958 Plantae plants 1972 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aralia racemosa L. 449 Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch 2684984 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present absent absent present Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch 457 Arbutus unedo L. 2882803 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Arbutus unedo L. 1207 Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns 3114986 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns 509 Argemone mexicana L. 2888485 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Argemone mexicana L. 1749 Aristida adscensionis L. 2706277 Plantae plants 1939 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Aristida adscensionis L. 1865 Aristida congesta Roem. & Schult. 4128792 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Aristida congesta Roem. & Schult. 1866 Aristida hordeacea Kunth 4126800 Plantae plants 1884 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present absent absent Aristida hordeacea Kunth 1867 Aristida longespica Poir. 6431764 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Aristida longespica Poir. 1868 Aristolochia clematitis L. 2873991 Plantae plants 1828 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Aristolochia clematitis L. 460 Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. 2873994 Plantae plants <1999 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C. F. Reed 463 Aristolochia rotunda L. 2874019 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent absent present Aristolochia rotunda L. 461 Armeria maritima subsp. elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier 4090836 Plantae plants 1851 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Armeria maritima subsp. elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier 1841 Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. 3041022 Plantae plants 1853 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. 867 Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik 7806790 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik 819 Artemisia abrotanum L. 8042568 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Artemisia abrotanum L. 510 Artemisia annua L. 8373355 Plantae plants 1891 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present absent present Artemisia annua L. 512 Artemisia austriaca Jacq. 3121668 Plantae plants 1944 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Artemisia austriaca Jacq. 513 Artemisia biennis Willd. 3121226 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Artemisia biennis Willd. 514 Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (DC.) Arcang. 6077549 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (DC.) Arcang. 515 Artemisia dracunculus L. 3121581 Plantae plants 1817? unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Artemisia dracunculus L. 516 Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 3120950 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > horticulture present present present absent Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. 517 Artemisia pontica L. 8195160 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Artemisia pontica L. 518 Artemisia princeps Pamp. 3121258 Plantae plants 2011 established to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Artemisia princeps Pamp. 519 Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. 3120713 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. 520 Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. 7807853 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. 521 Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte 3120790 Plantae plants 1937 established to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present present present Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte 522 Arum italicum Mill. 5330661 Plantae plants 1955 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Arum italicum Mill. 440 Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fern. 5362136 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fern. 2337 Arundo donax L. 2703041 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Arundo donax L. 1869 Asarina procumbens Mill. 3729273 Plantae plants 2008 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Asarina procumbens Mill. 1800 Asarum europaeum L. 7313595 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Asarum europaeum L. 462 Asclepias incarnata L. 3170266 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Asclepias incarnata L. 430 Asclepias syriaca L. 3170247 Plantae plants | t0 listed 1987 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Asclepias syriaca L. 431 | 9556 Asperugo procumbens L. 2926055 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Asperugo procumbens L. 820 Asperula arvensis L. 2916662 Plantae plants 1812 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Asperula arvensis L. 2452 Asperula laevigata L. 2916822 Plantae plants 1823 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent present Asperula laevigata L. 2453 Asperula taurina L. 2916975 Plantae plants 1861 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Asperula taurina L. 2454 Asperula tinctoria L. 2916767 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Asperula tinctoria L. 2455 Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. 2778358 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. 2641 Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 4417551 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1986 established freshwater Europe escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 191 Aster ageratoides Turcz. 5387639 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aster ageratoides Turcz. 523 Aster amellus L. 8133114 Plantae plants <1951 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Aster amellus L. 524 Aster lanceolatus 7593922 harmonia 1835 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Aster lanceolatus 39 Aster subulatus Hort. ex Steud. 7600444 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L.Nesom 754 Asteriscus aquaticus (L.) Less. 5393689 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Asteriscus aquaticus (L.) Less. 525 Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby 4007104 Plantae plants <1858 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Lysimachia linum-stellatum L. 2276 Astragalus boeticus L. 5344663 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Astragalus boeticus L. 1252 Astragalus cicer L. 5343253 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent present Astragalus cicer L. 1253 Astragalus cymbicarpos Brot. 5344424 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Astragalus cymbicarpos Brot. 1254 Astragalus hamosus L. 5342681 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Astragalus hamosus L. 1255 Astragalus onobrychis L. 5342618 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Astragalus onobrychis L. 1256 Astragalus oxyglottis Stev. ex M. Bieb. 5345430 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Astragalus oxyglottis Stev. ex M. Bieb. 1257 Astragalus stella L. 5345210 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Astragalus stella L. 1258 Astrantia major L. 3034915 Plantae plants 1812 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Astrantia major L. 386 Athanasia trifurcata (L.) L. 3114343 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Athanasia trifurcata (L.) L. 526 Atriplex eardleyae Aellen 3083659 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex eardleyae Aellen 293 Atriplex halimus L. 3083718 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Atriplex halimus L. 294 Atriplex holocarpa F. Muell. 3083746 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex holocarpa F. Muell. 295 Atriplex hortensis L. 3083761 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Atriplex hortensis L. 296 Atriplex leptocarpa F. Muell. 6447496 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex leptocarpa F. Muell. 297 Atriplex micrantha Ledeb. 3083680 Plantae plants 1957 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Atriplex micrantha Ledeb. 298 Atriplex muelleri Benth. 3083773 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex muelleri Benth. 299 Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. & Kit. 3083657 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Atriplex oblongifolia Waldst. & Kit. 300 Atriplex pseudocampanulata Aellen 6448072 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex pseudocampanulata Aellen 301 Atriplex rosea L. 3083745 Plantae plants <1830 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Atriplex rosea L. 302 Atriplex sagittata Borkh. 3760099 Plantae plants 1853 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Atriplex sagittata Borkh. 303 Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. 3083667 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. 304 Atriplex sibirica L. 3083763 Plantae plants 1967 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent absent present Atriplex sibirica L. 305 Atriplex suberecta I. Verd. 3083771 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Atriplex suberecta I. Verd. 306 Atriplex tatarica L. 3083702 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Atriplex tatarica L. 307 Atyaephyra desmarestii (Millet, 1831) 4309705 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1895 established freshwater Europe escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Atyaephyra desmarestii (Millet, 1831) 193 Aubrieta columnae Guss. 3054110 Plantae plants 1896 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Aubrieta columnae Guss. 868 Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. 3054117 Plantae plants 1966 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. 869 Aucuba japonica Thunb. 3033077 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Aucuba japonica Thunb. 1431 Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. 5377778 Plantae plants 1889 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. 870 Austrostipa nitida (Summerh. & C.E.Hubb.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett 4105208 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Austrostipa nitida (Summerh. & C.E.Hubb.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett 1873 Austrostipa scabra subsp. falcata (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett 4104890 Plantae plants 1896 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Austrostipa scabra subsp. falcata (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett 1874 Austrostipa scabra subsp. scabra 6710856 Plantae plants 1897 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Austrostipa scabra subsp. scabra 1875 Austrostipa verticillata (Nees ex Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett 4104718 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Austrostipa verticillata (Nees ex Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett 1876 Avena barbata Pott ex Link 2705300 Plantae plants 1824 | 1902 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent | present present absent Avena barbata Pott ex Link | Avena matritensis B.R.Baum 1877 | 1880 Avena brevis Roth 4154800 Plantae plants <1885 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Avena brevis Roth 1878 Avena nuda L. 8174035 Plantae plants 1881 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Avena nuda L. 1881 Avena sativa L. 2705290 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Avena sativa L. 1882 Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne 8429888 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Nyman 1884 Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis 7226804 Plantae plants 1823 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Avena sterilis subsp. sterilis 1885 Avena strigosa Schreb. 2705295 Plantae plants 1811 | 1865 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) | unknown present absent | present present absent Avena hispanica Ard. | Avena strigosa Schreb. 1879 | 1886 Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. 2705932 Plantae plants 1980 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. 1888 Axyris amaranthoides L. 6447806 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Axyris amaranthoides L. 308 Azolla filiculoides Lam. 2650107 Plantae harmonia | plants 1912 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > to be determined by experts | unknown present present present present Azolla filiculoides Lam. 43 | 2492 Baccharis halimifolia L. 3129663 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1924 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Baccharis halimifolia L. 44 | 527 | 9558 Balanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 2115729 Animalia wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Balanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 9368 Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 2115717 Animalia wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 9369 Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854 2115724 Animalia wrims introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854 9370 | 9371 Ballota nigra subsp. nigra 6409536 Plantae plants 1907 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Ballota nigra subsp. nigra 1523 Barbarea stricta Andrz. ex Besser 5374614 Plantae plants 1880 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present present Barbarea stricta Andrz. 871 Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. 5374672 Plantae plants 1860 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. 872 Barentsia ramosa (Robertson, 1900) 5188774 Animalia wrims 1962 introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Barentsia ramosa (Robertson, 1900) 9372 Bartsia trixago L. 3171813 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Bartsia trixago L. 1730 Bassia crassifolia (Pall.) Soldano 5568298 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Spirobassia hirsuta (L.) Freitag & G. Kadereit 356 Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze 5383909 Plantae plants <1861 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze 309 Bassia laniflora (S. G. Gmel.) A. J. Scott 5568188 Plantae plants <1861 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Bassia laniflora (S. G. Gmel.) A. J. Scott 310 Bassia scoparia (L.) Voss 7852603 Plantae plants <1835 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bassia scoparia (L.) Voss 311 Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald 5290059 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald 1889 Berberis aquifolium Pursh 3033868 Plantae harmonia | plants 1906 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Berberis aquifolium Pursh | Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. 105 | 785 Berberis darwinii Hook. 3033905 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Berberis darwinii Hook. 786 Berberis gagnepainii C. K. Schneid. 4938160 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Berberis gagnepainii C. K. Schneid. 787 Berberis julianae C. K. Schneid. 3981543 Plantae plants 2003 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Berberis julianae C. K. Schneid. 788 Berberis ottawensis C. K. Schneid. 3033898 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent present Berberis ottawensis C. K. Schneid. 791 Berberis thunbergii DC. 3033896 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Berberis thunbergii DC. 789 Berberis wilsoniae Hemsl. 3981814 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Berberis wilsoniae Hemsl. 790 Berberis ×hybridogagnepainii Suringar 4938153 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Berberis ×hybridogagnepainii Suringar 792 Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 3053522 Plantae plants 1600 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 873 Beta macrocarpa Guss. 5567951 Plantae plants 1910 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Beta macrocarpa Guss. 312 Beta trigyna Waldst. & Kit. 5383926 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Beta trigyna Waldst. & Kit. 313 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 7068845 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris 314 Betonica macrantha C. Koch. 7876454 Plantae plants 1966 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Stachys macrantha (C. Koch) Stearn 1582 Betula nana L. 5332004 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Betula nana L. 800 Betula papyrifera Marshall 5332120 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Betula papyrifera Marshall 801 Bidens bipinnata L. 5389402 Plantae plants 1885 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present present absent Bidens bipinnata L. 528 Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. 5392083 Plantae plants 1920 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. 529 Bidens frondosa Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. 8359115 harmonia 1886 established terrestrial N. America to be determined by experts present present present present Bidens frondosa Buch.-Ham. 45 Bidens frondosa L. 5392174 Plantae plants 1886? | 1979 established | unknown to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown present present present absent | present Bidens frondosa var. anomala Porter ex Fernald | Bidens frondosa var. frondosa 530 | 531 Bidens pilosa L. 5391845 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Bidens pilosa L. 532 Bidens radiata Thuill. 5392145 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia to be determined by experts present present absent absent Bidens radiata Thuill. 533 Bidens subalternans DC. 5391882 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Bidens subalternans DC. 534 Bidens vulgata Greene 5391810 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Bidens vulgata Greene 536 Bifora radians Bieb. 5371870 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bifora radians Bieb. 387 Bifora testiculata (L.) Roth 7412216 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bifora testiculata (L.) Spreng. 388 Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) 2441176 Animalia t0 under consideration absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) 9559 Bistorta affinis (D. Don) Greene 4033335 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Bistorta affinis (D. Don) Greene 2212 Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene 7291264 Plantae plants 1966 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene 2213 Blitum capitatum L. 5383971 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Blitum capitatum L. 315 Blitum nuttallianum Schult. 5568899 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Blitum nuttallianum Schult. 316 Blumenbachia hieronymi Urb. 5646410 Plantae plants 1974 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present absent absent Blumenbachia hieronymi Urb. 1603 Bonamia ostreae Pichot, Comps, Tigé, Grizel & Rabouin, 1980 8050384 Chromista wrims 1980 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Bonamia ostreae Pichot, Comps, Tigé, Grizel & Rabouin, 1980 9373 | 9374 Borago officinalis L. 2926110 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Borago officinalis L. 821 Boreava orientalis Jaub. & Spach 3051213 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present present Boreava orientalis Jaub. & Spach 874 Bothriochloa decipiens (Hack.) C.E.Hubb. 2704112 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Bothriochloa decipiens (Hack.) C.E.Hubb. 1890 Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng 2704102 Plantae plants 1813 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng 1891 Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake 4136695 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake 1892 Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. 2650180 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | N. America contaminant > contaminant on plants (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present absent absent Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. 1724 Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927 4354941 Animalia wrims 2003 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927 9375 | 9376 Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. 2704068 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp 2067 Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf 2705851 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Africa unknown present present absent absent Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen 2183 Brachiaria platyphylla (Munro ex C.Wright) Nash 2705857 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex C.Wright) R.D.Webster 2186 Brachyachne convergens (F.Muell.) Stapf 4131558 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Brachyachne convergens (F.Muell.) Stapf 1893 Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. 5290143 Plantae plants 1823 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. 1894 Brachyscome dentata Gaudich. 3144545 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Brachyscome heterodonta DC. 537 Branchiodrilus hortensis (Stephenson, 1910) 4812260 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2010 established freshwater Africa | Asia | Oceania corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Branchiodrilus hortensis (Stephenson, 1910) 168 Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 2308574 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1931 established freshwater | estuarine Asia stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 170 Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) 5232437 harmonia 1973 invasive freshwater N. America escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present present present Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) 46 | 47 Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803) 5232464 harmonia 1980 invasive freshwater Europe to be determined by experts present present absent to be determined by experts Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803) 48 Brassica barrelieri (L.) Janka 3042799 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Brassica barrelieri (L.) Janka 875 Brassica elongata subsp. integrifolia (Boiss.) Breistr. 3042889 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Brassica elongata subsp. integrifolia (Boiss.) Breistr. 876 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. 3042751 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. 877 Brassica napus L. 3042636 Plantae plants 1858 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Brassica napus L. 878 Brassica oleracea L. 3042845 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent present Brassica oleracea L. 879 Brassica rapa L. 7903057 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Brassica rapa L. 880 Brassica tournefortii Gouan 3042624 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Brassica tournefortii Gouan 881 Briza maxima L. 2702792 Plantae plants 1853 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Briza maxima L. 1895 Briza minor L. 2702793 Plantae plants 1812 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Briza minor L. 1896 Bromus alopecuros Poir. 2703696 Plantae plants 1958 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Bromus alopecuros Poir. 1897 Bromus arenarius Labill. 2703765 Plantae plants 1898 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Bromus arenarius Labill. 1898 Bromus brevis Steud. 2703731 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Bromus brevis Steud. 1899 Bromus briziformis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 2703682 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Bromus briziformis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1900 Bromus catharticus Vahl 2703723 Plantae plants 1864 unknown to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus catharticus Vahl 1903 Bromus danthoniae Trin. 2703704 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Bromus danthoniae Trin. 1904 Bromus hordeaceus subsp. longipedicellatus Spalton 4131042 Plantae plants <1895 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present present Bromus hordeaceus subsp. longipedicellatus Spalton 1907 Bromus inermis Leyss. 2703670 Plantae plants 1823 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus inermis Leyss. 1910 Bromus intermedius Guss. 4128347 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Bromus intermedius Guss. 1911 Bromus lanceolatus Roth 2703733 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus lanceolatus Roth 1913 Bromus lepidus Holmb. 2703711 Plantae plants 1916 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Bromus lepidus Holmb. 1914 Bromus madritensis L. 2703721 Plantae plants 1848 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus madritensis L. 1915 Bromus pectinatus Thunb. 4122609 Plantae plants 1881 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Bromus pectinatus Thunb. 1916 Bromus polyanthus Scribn. 8040052 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Bromus polyanthus Scribn. 1917 Bromus rigidus Roth 2703663 Plantae plants 1906 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus diandrus subsp. maximus (Desf.) Soó 1906 Bromus rubens L. 2703740 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Bromus rubens L. 1918 Bromus scoparius L. 2703720 Plantae plants 1827 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus scoparius L. 1919 Bromus sitchensis Trin. 2703698 Plantae plants 1944 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus sitchensis Trin. 1920 Bromus squarrosus L. 2703700 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bromus squarrosus L. 1921 Bromus ×pseudothominii P.M. Smith 7398575 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Bromus hordeaceus nothosubsp. pseudothominei (P.M. Smith) H. Scholz 1909 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 5361944 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 1656 Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I. M. Johnst. 8613617 Plantae plants 1942 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I. M. Johnst. 822 Buddleja albiflora Hemsl. 4055853 Plantae plants 1945 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Buddleja albiflora Hemsl. 2526 Buddleja davidii Franch. 3173338 Plantae harmonia | plants 1930 | 1942 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Buddleja davidii Franch. 49 | 2527 Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) 4984851 Animalia wrims 1999 introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) 9377 Bugulina simplex (Hincks, 1886) 7668385 Animalia wrims 2000 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886 9378 | 9379 Bugulina stolonifera (Ryland, 1960) 8428595 Animalia wrims 1976 established | introduced | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Bugula stolonifera Ryland, 1960 9380 | 9381 | 9382 | 9383 Bunias erucago L. 3050357 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bunias erucago L. 882 Bunias orientalis L. 3050364 Plantae plants 1858 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bunias orientalis L. 883 Bupleurum croceum Fenzl 3639326 Plantae plants 1938 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Bupleurum croceum Fenzl 389 Bupleurum fruticosum L. 3638793 Plantae plants 1975 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present absent Bupleurum fruticosum L. 390 Bupleurum gerardii All. 5831906 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Bupleurum gerardii All. 391 Bupleurum odontites L. 3034552 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Bupleurum odontites L. 392 Bupleurum praealtum L. 6026972 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Bupleurum praealtum L. 393 Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng. 3034558 Plantae plants 1876 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng. 394 Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray 2882443 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1998 established freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray 50 | 973 | 9560 Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) DC. 3084693 Plantae plants 1956 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown present present absent absent Calandrinia elegans Spach 1653 Calandrinia compressa Schrad. ex DC. 4022175 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present absent present absent Calandrinia compressa Schrad. ex DC. 1652 Calceolaria chelidonioides Kunth 3172127 Plantae plants 1941 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present absent absent Calceolaria chelidonioides Kunth 978 Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. 5391490 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present present Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. 538 Calendula officinalis L. 5391480 Plantae plants 1858 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Calendula officinalis L. 539 Calibrachoa parviflora (Jussieu) W.G. D'Arcy 7823026 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Petunia parviflora Juss. 2569 Callicarpa bodinieri H.Lév. 7309012 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Callicarpa bodinieri H.Lév. 1524 Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 2225646 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1993 1993 established | to be determined by experts estuarine | marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 198 | 9384 | 9385 | 9386 Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees 3092946 Plantae plants 1930 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees 540 Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas, 1779) 2437394 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 2005 established terrestrial Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas, 1779) 51 | 9561 Callosciurus finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) 2437399 harmonia terrestrial Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) absent absent absent absent Callosciurus finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) 52 Calotis cuneifolia R.Br. 3098186 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Calotis cuneifolia R.Br. 541 Calotis hispidula (F.Muell.) F.Muell. 3098176 Plantae plants 1898 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Calotis hispidula (F.Muell.) F.Muell. 542 Calotis lappulacea Benth. 3098183 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Calotis lappulacea Benth. 543 Calystegia pulchra Brumm. & Heywood 3678949 Plantae plants 1931 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Convolvulus dubius J. L. Gilbert 1097 Camassia leichtlinii subsp. suksdorfii (Greenm.) Gould 2769073 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Camassia leichtlinii subsp. suksdorfii (Greenm.) Gould 465 Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. 3042399 Plantae plants 1813 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. 884 Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. 3042416 Plantae plants 1848 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. 885 Camelina rumelica Velen. 3042439 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Camelina rumelica Velen. 886 Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz 3042429 Plantae plants 1870 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz 887 Campanula carpatica Jacq. 5410826 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Campanula carpatica Jacq. 979 Campanula erinus L. 5409852 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Campanula erinus L. 980 Campanula fenestrellata Feer 5410210 Plantae plants 2001 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Campanula fenestrellata Feer 981 Campanula lactiflora M.Bieb. 5411392 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Campanula lactiflora M.Bieb. 982 Campanula latifolia L. 5411408 Plantae plants 1869 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Campanula latifolia L. 983 Campanula medium L. 5411453 Plantae plants 1974 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Campanula medium L. 984 Campanula portenschlagiana Schult. 5410411 Plantae plants 1990 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Campanula portenschlagiana Schult. 985 Campanula poscharskyana Degen 5410151 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Campanula poscharskyana Degen 986 Campanula rhomboidalis L. 5410480 Plantae plants 1949 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Campanula rhomboidalis L. 987 Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. 7613490 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. 804 Campylopus introflexus Bridel, 1819 5281901 harmonia 1966 terrestrial to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present present present present Campylopus introflexus Bridel, 1819 53 Canna ×generalis L. H. Bailey 5602664 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Canna ×generalis L. H. Bailey 996 Cannabis sativa L. 5361880 Plantae plants 1853 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Cannabis sativa L. 994 Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 5178057 Animalia macroinvertebrates | t0 | wrims 1998 1998 established | introduced | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Asia | to be determined by experts escape > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 177 | 9387 | 9388 | 9389 | 9390 | 9391 | 9562 Capsicum annuum L. 2932944 Plantae plants 1905 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > live food and live bait present present present absent Capsicum annuum L. 2550 Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) 4286942 Animalia fishes 17th c. established freshwater Asia escape > ornamental purpose other than horticulture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) 5 Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) 2366634 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1750 17th c. established | invasive freshwater Europe | Asia | unknown contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) 6 | 54 Cardamine corymbosa Hook.f. 3046015 Plantae plants 2005 established to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Cardamine corymbosa Hook.f. 888 Cardamine flexuosa With. 3046076 Plantae plants 1968 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present present absent Cardamine hamiltonii G.Don 889 Cardamine parviflora L. 3046092 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent absent present Cardamine parviflora L. 890 Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. 3189935 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. 2507 Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 3189939 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cardiospermum halicacabum L. 2508 Carduus acanthoides L. 3114643 Plantae plants 1866? established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present present Carduus acanthoides L. 544 Carduus nigrescens subsp. vivariensis (Jord.) Bonnier & Layens 6076849 Plantae plants 1897 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Carduus vivariensis Jord. 548 Carduus pycnocephalus L. 3114667 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Carduus pycnocephalus L. 547 Carduus ×theriotii Rouy 4211074 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Carduus ×theriotii Rouy 549 Carex crawfordii Fernald 2722380 Plantae plants 1976 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Carex crawfordii Fernald 1155 Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. 7795128 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. 1156 Carex grayi J.Carey 2726360 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Carex grayi J.Carey 1157 Carex loliacea L. 2722973 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America contaminant > timber trade present present absent absent Carex loliacea L. 1158 Carex melanostachya M.Bieb. ex Willd. 2723271 Plantae plants <2010 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Carex melanostachya M.Bieb. ex Willd. 1159 Carex morrowii Boott 2722515 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Carex morrowii Boott 1160 Carex muricata subsp. muricata 7227181 Plantae plants 1971 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > timber trade present present present absent Carex muricata subsp. muricata 1161 Carex muskingumensis Schwein. 2726538 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Carex muskingumensis Schwein. 1162 Carex scoparia Willd. 2726539 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Carex scoparia Willd. 1163 Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. 2727875 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. 1164 Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 2728060 Plantae plants 1970 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 1165 Carpobrotus N. E. Br. 3084841 harmonia terrestrial Africa escape > to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Carpobrotus N. E. Br. 55 Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. 5375285 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Carrichtera annua (L.) DC. 891 Carthamus lanatus L. 3138230 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Carthamus lanatus L. 550 Carthamus tinctorius L. 3138327 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Carthamus tinctorius L. 551 Castanea sativa Mill. 5333294 Plantae plants 1873 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Castanea sativa Mill. 1424 Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820 2439838 Animalia harmonia | t0 2009 established freshwater N. America escape > fur farms present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820 56 | 9563 Catalpa bignonioides Walter 3172615 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Catalpa bignonioides Walter 805 Catalpa ovata G. Don 3172613 Plantae plants 2008 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Catalpa ovata G. Don 806 Catalpa ×erubescens Carriere 4926977 Plantae plants 2007 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Catalpa ×erubescens Carriere 807 Catananche caerulea L. 3134867 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Catananche caerulea L. 552 Caulacanthus ustulatus (Mertens ex Turner) Kützing, 1843 2666536 Plantae wrims 2011 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Caulacanthus ustulatus (Mertens ex Turner) Kützing, 1843 9392 | 9393 Caylusea abyssinica (Fres.) Fisch. & Mey. 3916499 Plantae plants 1981 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Caylusea abyssinica (Fres.) Fisch. & Mey. 2320 Ceanothus ×delilianus Spach 3875113 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ceanothus ×delilianus Spach 2325 Celastrus orbiculatus C.P. Thunberg ex A. Murray 8104460 Plantae plants | t0 2004 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Celastrus orbiculatus C.P. Thunberg ex A. Murray | Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. 1080 | 9564 Cenchrus echinatus L. 5289739 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cenchrus echinatus L. 1922 Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald 8638618 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald 1924 Cenchrus spinifex Cav. 5289726 Plantae plants 1960 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cenchrus incertus M.A.Curtis 1923 Centaurea alba L. 7437845 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown Centaurea alba L. 553 Centaurea aspera L. 3128166 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Centaurea aspera L. 555 Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. 3127691 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. 556 Centaurea calocephala Willd. 3128279 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Centaurea calocephala Willd. 557 Centaurea diffusa Lam. 3128962 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Centaurea diffusa Lam. 558 Centaurea diluta Aiton 3129010 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present present present Centaurea diluta Aiton 559 Centaurea diluta subsp. algeriensis (Coss. & Durieu) Marie 7399679 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts Africa unknown present present absent absent Centaurea algeriensis Durieu & Coss. 554 Centaurea extranea Beck ex Gugler 4253832 Plantae plants 1863 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Centaurea extranea Beck 572 Centaurea glaberrima Tausch 3128437 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Centaurea glaberrima Tausch 560 Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss. 3127837 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss. 561 Centaurea macrocephala Muss.Puschk. ex Willd. 3129064 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present present Centaurea macrocephala Muss.Puschk. ex Willd. 562 Centaurea melitensis L. 3128091 Plantae plants 1848 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Centaurea melitensis L. 563 Centaurea nemenyiana J.Wagner 4250826 Plantae plants 1840 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Centaurea nemenyiana J.Wagner 573 Centaurea nigrescens Willd. 3128228 Plantae plants 1826 unknown to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Centaurea nigrescens Willd. 564 Centaurea orientalis L. 3128007 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Centaurea orientalis L. 565 Centaurea paniculata L. 3127613 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Centaurea paniculata L. 566 Centaurea pectinata L. 8018277 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Centaurea pectinata L. 567 Centaurea phrygia 3127957 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Centaurea phrygia L. 568 Centaurea solstitialis subsp. adamii (Willd.) Nyman 6076312 Plantae plants 1927 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Centaurea solstitialis subsp. adamii (Willd.) Nyman 569 Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis 7223276 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis 570 Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus 3127727 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus 571 Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Asch. 5391292 Plantae plants 1910 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Asch. 575 Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. 2888740 Plantae plants 1869 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. 997 Cephalaria alpina (L.) Schrad. 8259811 Plantae plants 1970 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Cephalaria alpina (L.) Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult. 998 Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov 2888797 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov 999 Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrad. 8355821 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult. 1000 Cerastium dichotomum L. 3085435 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Cerastium dichotomum L. 1034 Cerastium tomentosum L. 3085438 Plantae plants 1945 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Cerastium tomentosum L. 1035 Cerastium ×maureri M.Schulze 7925372 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present unknown unknown Cerastium ×maureri M.Schulze 1036 Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. 8060423 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. 1085 Cercis siliquastrum L. 5353590 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cercis siliquastrum L. 1260 Cerinthe major L. 2926108 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Cerinthe major L. 823 Cerinthe minor L. 7294722 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Cerinthe minor L. 824 Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 2440954 harmonia terrestrial Asia release > to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 57 Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach 3000610 Plantae plants 2002 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach 2338 Chaenorhinum origanifolium (L.) Kostel. 7351929 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent present Chaenorhinum origanifolium (L.) Kostel. 1801 Chaerophyllum aureum L. 3642531 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Chaerophyllum aureum L. 395 Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. 3034653 Plantae plants 1873 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. 396 Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss. 3642339 Plantae plants 1989 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present absent present absent Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss. 397 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. 2683866 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl. 1151 Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. 5391599 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. 576 Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates 2703077 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates 1925 Chelicorophium curvispinum (G.O. Sars, 1895) 4314683 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1981 1990 established | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Chelicorophium curvispinum (G.O. Sars, 1895) 178 | 9394 | 9395 Chelone obliqua L. 5414932 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Chelone obliqua L. 1802 Chenopodiastrum simplex (Torr.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch 7407436 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Chenopodiastrum simplex (Torr.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch 318 Chenopodium auricomiforme Murr & Thell. 3757189 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Chenopodium auricomiforme Murr & Thell. 322 Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. 3083920 Plantae plants 1918 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent present Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. 323 Chenopodium berlandieri var. bushianum (Aellen) Cronquist 3757050 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Chenopodium bushianum Aellen 325 Chenopodium borbasioides A. Ludw. 7644304 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Chenopodium borbasioides A. Ludw. 324 Chenopodium foliosum Asch. 3083844 Plantae plants 1858 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Blitum virgatum L. 317 Chenopodium giganteum D. Don 3756077 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Chenopodium giganteum D. Don 326 Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. 3083934 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. 327 Chenopodium missouriense Aellen 6035721 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Chenopodium missouriense Aellen 328 Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W. D. J. Koch & Ziz 3083903 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W. D. J. Koch & Ziz 329 Chenopodium pelgrimsianum Aellen 3757660 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Chenopodium pelgrimsianum Aellen 335 Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. 3083921 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. 330 Chenopodium preissmannii Murr 8157769 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown Chenopodium preissmannii Murr 336 Chenopodium probstii Aellen 6035638 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Chenopodium probstii Aellen 331 Chenopodium quinoa Willd. 3083935 Plantae plants 1991 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Chenopodium quinoa Willd. 332 Chenopodium reynieri Ludw. & Aellen 3756650 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Chenopodium reynieri Ludw. & Aellen 337 Chenopodium striatiforme Murr 6035549 Plantae plants 1862 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Chenopodium striatiforme Murr 333 Chenopodium suecicum Murr 3083905 Plantae plants 1971 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Chenopodium suecicum Murr 334 Chloephaga picta (Gmelin, 1789) 5232428 harmonia 1993 established freshwater S. America to be determined by experts present present absent to be determined by experts Chloephaga picta (Gmelin, 1789) 58 Chloris divaricata R.Br. 5289631 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Chloris divaricata R.Br. 1926 Chloris pectinata Benth. 5289623 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Chloris pectinata Benth. 1927 Chloris pycnothrix Trin. 5678495 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Chloris pycnothrix Trin. 1928 Chloris truncata R.Br. 5289620 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Chloris truncata R.Br. 1929 Chloris ventricosa R.Br. 5289629 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Chloris ventricosa R.Br. 1930 Chloris virgata Sw. 5289624 Plantae plants 1865 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Chloris virgata Sw. 1931 Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques 2774846 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques 468 Chondrilla juncea L. 8537667 Plantae plants 2004 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts stowaway present present absent absent Chondrilla juncea L. 577 Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. 3044349 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. 892 Cicer arietinum L. 2947311 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Cicer arietinum L. 1261 Cichorium calvum Sch.Bip. ex Asch. 5392271 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cichorium calvum Sch.Bip. 580 Cichorium endivia L. 5392243 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia 581 Cichorium pumilum Jacq. 5392270 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Cichorium pumilum Jacq. 582 Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill 3113745 Plantae plants 1918 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present present Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill 583 Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. 3113637 Plantae plants 1972 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. 584 Cirsium subalpinum Gaudin. 3112994 Plantae plants >1972 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Cirsium subalpinum Gaudin. 585 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai 2874621 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > live food and live bait present present present present Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai 1142 Citrus aurantium L. 8077391 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > live food and live bait present absent present absent Citrus aurantium L. 2467 Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall. 3110767 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall. 586 Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) 5202793 Animalia fishes 1980s established freshwater Africa escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) 7 Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) A. Nelson & Macbr. 5420978 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) A. Nelson & Macbr. 1676 Clarkia bottae (Spach) H. & M. Lewis 7814921 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Clarkia bottae (Spach) H. & M. Lewis 1677 Clarkia pulchella Pursh 5420982 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Clarkia pulchella Pursh 1678 Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera (Dougl.) Lewis & Lewis 8541537 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Clarkia purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera (Dougl.) Lewis & Lewis 1679 Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. 3084748 Plantae plants 1859 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. 1654 Claytonia sibirica L. 3084742 Plantae plants 1939 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Claytonia sibirica L. 1655 Clematis flammula L. 3921611 Plantae plants 1869 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Clematis flammula L. 2294 Clematis integrifolia L. 6374790 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Clematis integrifolia L. 2295 Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC. 6376216 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC. 2296 Clematis recta L. 3033543 Plantae plants 1834 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Clematis recta L. 2297 Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. 3033535 Plantae plants 2000 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh. 2298 Clematis viticella L. 3033518 Plantae plants 1864 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Clematis viticella L. 2299 Clematis ×jackmanii T. Moore 3033584 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Clematis ×jackmanii T. Moore 2300 Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. 2925366 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. 1526 Clethra alnifolia L. 2888323 Plantae plants 1984 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Clethra alnifolia L. 1089 Clinopodium grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze 7437438 Plantae plants 1856 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Clinopodium grandiflorum (L.) Kuntze 1527 Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace 3883897 Plantae plants 1855 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace 1528 Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta 7096205 Plantae plants 1885 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta 1529 Clinopodium nepeta subsp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F.Conti 7757431 Plantae plants 1869 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum (Req.) Govaerts 1530 Codium fragile subsp. fragile 7230558 Plantae wrims 1939 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Codium fragile subsp. fragile 9396 | 9397 Coix lacryma-jobi L. 2706301 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Coix lacryma-jobi L. 1932 Collinsia heterophylla Buist ex Graham 5414959 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Collinsia heterophylla Buist ex Graham 1803 Colutea arborescens L. 7844167 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Colutea arborescens L. 1262 Colutea media Willd. 2956441 Plantae plants 1974 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Colutea media Willd. 1263 Commelina coelestis Willd. 2764454 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Commelina coelestis Willd. 1090 Commelina communis L. 2764179 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Commelina communis L. 1091 Commelina diffusa Burm. f. 2764202 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Commelina diffusa Burm. f. 1092 Commelina obliqua Vahl 2764337 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Commelina obliqua Vahl 1093 Conringia austriaca (Jacq.) Sweet 3040923 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Conringia austriaca (Jacq.) Sweet 893 Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. 3040913 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. 894 Conringia planisiliqua Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 3040928 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Conringia planisiliqua Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 895 Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur 3033830 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Delphinium ajacis L. 2301 Consolida orientalis (Gay) Schröd. 3033828 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Delphinium orientale Gay 2303 Convolvulus tricolor subsp. cupanianus (Tod.) Cavara & Grande 7427650 Plantae plants 1925 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Convolvulus tricolor subsp. cupanianus (Tod.) Cavara & Grande 1099 Convolvulus tricolor subsp. tricolor 7323906 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Convolvulus tricolor subsp. tricolor 1100 Conyza pampeana (Parodi) Cabrera 5397996 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Erigeron pampeanus Parodi 625 Conyzigeron huelsenii (Vatke) Rauschert 3095938 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Erigeron huelsenii Vatke 630 Corbicula fluminalis (O.F. Müller, 1774) 5189032 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1992 established freshwater Asia corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Corbicula fluminalis (O.F. Müller, 1774) 226 Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) 8190231 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1992 established freshwater Asia corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) 227 Cordylocarpus muricatus Desf. 3041109 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cordylocarpus muricatus Desf. 896 Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) 2266009 Animalia wrims 1905 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) 9398 | 9399 Coregonus Linnaeus, 1758 2350934 harmonia 1979 freshwater Europe to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Coregonus Linnaeus, 1758 60 Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2351211 Animalia wrims established to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) 9400 Coreopsis lanceolata L. 3133938 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Coreopsis lanceolata L. 587 Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. 3133950 Plantae plants 1946 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present absent Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. 588 Coreopsis verticillata L. 3133887 Plantae plants 1958 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Coreopsis verticillata L. 589 Coriandrum sativum L. 3034871 Plantae plants 1885 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Coriandrum sativum L. 398 Corispermum pallasii Steven 3083975 Plantae plants 1917 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Corispermum pallasii Steven 339 Corispermum tylocarpum Hance 3759032 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Corispermum gmelinii Bunge 338 Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis (C.A.Mey.) Jáv. 3663237 Plantae plants 2008 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis (C.A.Mey.) Soó 1117 Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica (Karpati) Soo 8421432 Plantae plants 2010 established to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica (Karpati) Soo 1118 Cornus sericea L. 3082244 Plantae harmonia | plants 1885 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Cornus sericea L. 61 | 1119 Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch 5348644 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch 1264 Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. 2704523 Plantae plants 2004 established to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. 1933 Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 2482499 Animalia t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 9565 Corydalis cheilanthifolia Hemsl. 5530829 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Corydalis cheilanthifolia Hemsl. 1750 Corylus colurna L. 2875968 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Corylus colurna L. 802 Corylus maxima Mill. 2876049 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Corylus maxima Mill. 803 Corynabutilon ×suntense (C. D. Brickell) Fryxell 3937506 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Abutilon ×suntense C. D. Brickell 1611 Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst, 1931 5421557 Chromista wrims 1977 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst, 1931 9401 | 9402 | 9403 Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 3098912 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. 590 Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 3098951 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 591 Cota altissima (L.) J.Gay 5390611 Plantae plants 1869 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Cota altissima (L.) J.Gay 592 Cota austriaca (Jacq.) Sch.Bip. 5390636 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Cota austriaca (Jacq.) Sch.Bip. 593 Cotinus coggygria Scop. 3190522 Plantae plants 1957 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Cotinus coggygria Scop. 378 Cotoneaster acutifolius var. lucidus (Schltdl.) L. T. Lu 3026061 Plantae plants | t0 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl. 2355 | 9582 Cotoneaster acutifolius var. villosulus Rehd. & E.H. Wilson 3025565 Plantae plants | t0 1997 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster villosulus (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Flinck & B. Hylmö 2364 | 9591 Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehd. & E.H. Wilson 3025858 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehd. & E.H. Wilson 2339 | 9566 Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck & B. Hylmö 3026024 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck & B. Hylmö 2340 | 9567 Cotoneaster bullatus Bois in Bilm. & Bois 3026294 Plantae plants | t0 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster bullatus Bois in Bilm. & Bois 2342 | 9569 Cotoneaster bullatus var. floribundus (Stapf) L. T. Lu & A. R. Brach 3026295 Plantae plants | t0 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster boisianus G. Klotz 2341 | 9568 Cotoneaster bullatus var. macrophyllus Rehder & E. H. Wilson 3026161 Plantae plants | t0 1983 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster rehderi Pojark 2360 | 9587 Cotoneaster conspicuus H. F. Comber ex C. Marquand 3025875 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster conspicuus H. F. Comber ex C. Marquand 2343 | 9570 Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. 3026035 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. 2344 | 9571 Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. 3026049 Plantae plants | t0 2007 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. 2345 | 9572 Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. 3025896 Plantae plants | t0 1990 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster dielsianus E. Pritz. 2346 | 9573 Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehd. & E.H. Wilson 3026334 Plantae plants | t0 2001 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehd. & E.H. Wilson 2347 | 9574 Cotoneaster fangianus T.T. Yu 3025932 Plantae plants | t0 2001 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster fangianus T.T. Yu 2348 | 9575 Cotoneaster franchetii Boiss. 3026162 Plantae plants | t0 2004 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster franchetii Boiss. 2349 | 9576 Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii K.E. Flinck & B. Hylmö 3026092 Plantae plants | t0 2000 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii K.E. Flinck & B. Hylmö 2351 | 9578 Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne 3025617 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 1982 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne 62 | 2352 | 9579 Cotoneaster integrifolius (Lindl.) Koehne 7671502 Plantae t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Cotoneaster integrifolius (Lindl.) Koehne 9581 Cotoneaster mairei 3025944 Plantae t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Cotoneaster mairei 9583 Cotoneaster microphylla var. thymifolius (Baker) Koehne 8422000 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) Klotz 2354 Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch. 3025731 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch. 2357 | 9584 Cotoneaster nanshan Mottet 3025935 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster nanshan Mottet 2358 | 9585 Cotoneaster qungbixiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö 3025907 Plantae plants | t0 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster qungbixiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö 2359 | 9586 Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. 3026074 Plantae plants | t0 1989 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. 2361 | 9588 Cotoneaster salicifolius var. rugosus (E. Pritz.) Rehd. & E.H. Wilson 3026076 Plantae plants | t0 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster hylmoei K.E. Flinck & J. Fryer 2353 | 9580 Cotoneaster simonsii Baker 3026107 Plantae plants | t0 1959 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster simonsii Baker 2362 | 9589 Cotoneaster zabelii C.K. Schneid. 3025605 Plantae plants | t0 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster zabelii C.K. Schneid. 2367 | 9594 Cotoneaster ×suecicus G. Klotz 3026040 Plantae plants | t0 2006 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster ×suecicus G. Klotz 2365 | 9592 Cotoneaster ×watereri Exell 3026004 Plantae plants | t0 2000 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cotoneaster ×watereri Exell 2366 | 9593 Cotula anthemoides L. 3112123 Plantae plants 1896 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cotula anthemoides L. 594 Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f. 8542672 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f. 595 Cotula coronopifolia L. 3112110 Plantae plants 1895 unknown to be determined by experts Africa | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Cotula coronopifolia L. 596 Cotula turbinata L. 3112098 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cotula turbinata L. 597 Crambe hispanica subsp. abyssinica (Hochst ex. R.E. Fr.) A. Prina 8510990 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent absent Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E. Fr. 897 Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 2217982 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1992 established freshwater N. America stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 180 Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) 2286069 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1969 1969 established | to be determined by experts estuarine | marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Asia | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) 221 | 9404 | 9405 | 9406 Crassula decumbens Thunb. 7334263 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Crassula decumbens Thunb. 1120 Crassula helmsii (Kirk) A. Berger 8035075 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 1982 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts Oceania escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | present | to be determined by experts Crassula helmsii (Kirk) A. Berger | Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne 63 | 64 | 1121 | 9704 Crassula peduncularis (Sm.) Meigen 5690854 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Crassula peduncularis (Sm.) Meigen 1122 Crataegus persimilis Sarg. 3015457 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent present Crataegus persimilis Sarg. 2368 Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) 5192789 Animalia macroinvertebrates | t0 | wrims 1911 1911 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) 215 | 9407 | 9408 | 9409 | 9595 Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia (M.Bieb.) Celak. 5831060 Plantae plants 2003 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia (M.Bieb.) Celak. 598 Crepis nicaeensis Balb. 7706146 Plantae plants 1860 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Crepis nicaeensis Balb. 599 Crepis pulchra L. 5403272 Plantae plants 1842 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Crepis pulchra L. 600 Crepis sancta subsp. nemausensis (Gouan) Babc. 5831068 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Crepis sancta subsp. nemausensis (Gouan) Babc. 601 Crepis setosa Haller f. 4245384 Plantae plants 1862 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Crepis setosa Haller f. 602 Crepis tectorum L. 5403508 Plantae plants 1842 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Crepis tectorum L. 603 Crithopsis delileana (Schult.) Roshev. 4932431 Plantae plants <1994 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present present Crithopsis delileana (Schult.) Roshev. 1934 Crocosmia crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E.Br. 2747939 Plantae plants ca. 1975 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Crocosmia crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E.Br. 1489 Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb. 2747489 Plantae plants 2013 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb. 1490 Crocus tommasinianus Herb. 2747564 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Crocus tommasinianus Herb. 1491 Crocus vernus (L.) Hill 2747567 Plantae plants 1969 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Crocus vernus (L.) Hill 1492 Crocus ×stellaris Haw. 3586380 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Crocus ×stellaris Haw. 1493 Crucianella angustifolia L. 5336632 Plantae plants <1837 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Crucianella angustifolia L. 2456 Crypsis aculeata (L.) Aiton 5290184 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present absent absent Crypsis aculeata (L.) Aiton 1935 Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterp.) Schrad. 5290186 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterp.) Schrad. 1936 Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. 5290185 Plantae plants 1914 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. 1937 Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L. f.) D. Don 5284237 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L. f.) D. Don 2610 Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) 2362030 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1978 1967 established freshwater Asia release > biological control | to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) 8 | 65 Cucumis melo L. 2874570 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia escape > live food and live bait present present present absent Cucumis melo L. 1143 Cucumis myriocarpus subsp. myriocarpus 3624993 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Cucumis myriocarpus Naud. 1144 Cucumis sativus L. 2874569 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Cucumis sativus L. 1145 Cucurbita moschata Duchesne 2874509 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Cucurbita moschata Duchesne 1146 Cucurbita pepo L. 2874508 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > live food and live bait present present present present Cucurbita pepo L. 1147 Cullen americanum (L.) Rydb. 2948921 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Cullen americanum (L.) Rydb. 1265 Cuscuta epilinum Weihe 2927530 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cuscuta epilinum Weihe 1102 Cuscuta gronovii Willd. 7694392 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes 1103 Cuscuta lupuliformis Krock. 3678256 Plantae plants 2013 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Cuscuta lupuliformis Krock. 1104 Cuscuta planiflora Ten. 2927522 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cuscuta planiflora Ten. 1105 Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. 2927484 Plantae plants 1976 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. 1106 Cyanus depressus (M.Bieb.) Soják 8334968 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Cyanus depressus (M.Bieb.) Soják 604 Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Á.Löve & D.Löve 5386028 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Á.Löve & D.Löve 605 Cyclamen coum Mill. 7127354 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cyclamen coum Mill. 2273 Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton 7127810 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton 2274 Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague 8350395 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson 399 Cydonia oblonga Mill. 5362215 Plantae plants 1873 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Cydonia oblonga Mill. 2369 Cygnus atratus (Latham, 1790) 2498344 harmonia 1995 established freshwater Oceania to be determined by experts present present present present Cygnus atratus (Latham, 1790) 66 Cymbalaria muralis subsp. muralis 7331861 Plantae plants <1835 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Cymbalaria muralis subsp. muralis 1804 Cymbalaria muralis subsp. pubescens (C. Presl) D. A. Webb 8536465 Plantae plants 1900 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Cymbalaria muralis subsp. pubescens (C. Presl) D. A. Webb 1805 Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst. 5559837 Plantae plants 1995 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Cymbalaria pallida (Ten.) Wettst. 1806 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 6109637 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1938 Cynodon incompletus Nees 5674825 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cynodon incompletus var. hirsutus (Stent) de Wet & Harlan 1939 Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & Drummond 2925816 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & Drummond 825 Cynoglossum clandestinum Desf. 4064572 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cynoglossum clandestinum Desf. 826 Cynosurus echinatus L. 2704394 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Cynosurus echinatus L. 1940 Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. 2713662 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus aggregatus (Willd.) Endl. 1166 Cyperus congestus Vahl 2714656 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Cyperus congestus Vahl 1167 Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. 2714301 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. 1168 Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze 2714453 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze 1169 Cyperus difformis L. 2714796 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus difformis L. 1170 Cyperus eragrostis Lam. 2715482 Plantae harmonia | plants 1896 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America | S. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Cyperus eragrostis Lam. 67 | 1171 Cyperus esculentus L. 2716226 Plantae plants 1981 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus Boeckeler 1172 Cyperus exaltatus Retz. 2715206 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus exaltatus Retz. 1173 Cyperus imbricatus Retz. 2714233 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus imbricatus Retz. 1174 Cyperus involucratus Rottb. 2714166 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present absent present absent Cyperus involucratus Rottb. 1175 Cyperus longus subsp. badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens 7421129 Plantae plants 1816 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus longus subsp. badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens 1176 Cyperus longus subsp. longus 7070211 Plantae plants 1911 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cyperus longus subsp. longus 1177 Cyperus reflexus Vahl 2714722 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus reflexus Vahl 1179 Cyperus rigens J.Presl & C.Presl 2713519 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus rigens J.Presl & C.Presl 1180 Cyperus rotundus L. 2714818 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Cyperus rotundus L. 1181 Cyperus virens Michx. 2716420 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Cyperus virens Michx. 1182 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 4286975 Animalia fishes | wrims 13th c. established freshwater | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 9 | 9410 Cyrtomium falcatum (L. fil.) Presl 8656764 Plantae plants 1998? introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Cyrtomium falcatum (L. fil.) Presl 1190 Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. 2650827 Plantae plants 2002 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm. 1191 Cytisophyllum sessilifolium (L.) O.Lang 2940408 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Cytisus sessilifolius L. 1270 Cytisus decumbens (Durande) Spach 5354676 Plantae plants 1858 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Cytisus decumbens (Durande) Spach 1267 Cytisus hirsutus L. 5354500 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Cytisus hirsutus L. 1268 Cytisus multiflorus Sweet 7681436 Plantae plants 1955 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Cytisus multiflorus Sweet 1269 Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm. 5354707 Plantae plants 1992 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm. 1271 Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) K. Koch 8400045 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) K. Koch 1208 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. 2706188 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia unknown present present absent absent Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. 1942 Dactyloctenium radulans (R.Br.) P.Beauv. 2706190 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Dactyloctenium radulans (R.Br.) P.Beauv. 1943 Dahlia coccinea Cav. 5387098 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dahlia coccinea Cav. 607 Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) 5220136 harmonia 1850 established terrestrial Europe release > to be determined by experts present absent present to be determined by experts Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) 68 Danae racemosa (L.) Moench 5303891 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Danae racemosa (L.) Moench 469 Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss 3032611 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss 2514 Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. 5370380 Plantae plants <1893 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. 2371 Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy 7810452 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy 1944 Datura ferox L. 7894250 Plantae plants 1938 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Datura ferox L. 2551 Datura innoxia P. Miller 2928755 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present absent Datura innoxia P. Miller 2552 Datura stramonium L. 2928751 Plantae plants 1856 unknown to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Datura stramonium L. 2553 Daucus aureus Desf. 6027382 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Daucus aureus Desf. 400 Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. & Martens 7350944 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcangeli 401 Daucus durieua Lange 3641853 Plantae plants 1938 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Daucus durieua Lange 402 Daucus glochidiatus (Labill.) Fischer, C. Meyer & Ave Lall. 6027313 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Daucus glochidiatus (Labill.) Fischer, C. Meyer & Ave Lall. 403 Decaisnea insignis (Griff.) Hook. fil. & Thoms. 5686494 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Decaisnea insignis (Griff.) Hook. fil. & Thoms. 1589 Delosperma cooperi (Hook. fil.) L. Bol. 8078333 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Delosperma cooperi (Hook. f.) L. Bolus 244 Delphinium elatum L. 3033757 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Delphinium elatum L. 2302 Dendrocoelum romanodanubiale Codreanu, 1949 4344674 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2001 established freshwater Europe corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Dendrocoelum romanodanubiale Codreanu, 1949 235 Descurainia incisa (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Britton 8610311 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Descurainia incisa (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Britton 898 Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton 3044133 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton 899 Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. 5360112 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) Robinson & Fernald 1272 Desmazeria sicula (Jacq.) Dumort. 4142153 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Desmazeria sicula (Jacq.) Dumort. 1945 Deutzia scabra Thunb. 2985965 Plantae plants 1984 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Deutzia scabra Thunb. 1472 Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) 4283395 Animalia wrims 1998 established to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) 9411 Dianthus barbatus L. 3085421 Plantae plants 1867 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Dianthus barbatus L. 1037 Dianthus caryophyllus L. 3085420 Plantae plants 1972 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent present Dianthus caryophyllus L. 1038 Dianthus giganteus subsp. giganteus 7267631 Plantae plants 1993 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Dianthus giganteus subsp. giganteus 1039 Dianthus plumarius L. 3085412 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Dianthus plumarius L. 1040 Dianthus subacaulis Vill. 8012084 Plantae plants 2002 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Dianthus subacaulis Vill. 1041 Dianthus superbus L. 6363496 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dianthus superbus L. 1042 Dichondra argentea Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 2928668 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dichondra argentea Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 1107 Didemnum vexillum Romanov, 1989 2329770 Animalia t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Didemnum vexillum Romanov, 1989 9596 Digitaria acuminatissima Stapf 4131963 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Digitaria acuminatissima Stapf 1947 Digitaria aequiglumis (Hack. & Arechav.) Parodi 5676646 Plantae plants 1997 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Digitaria aequiglumis (Hack. & Arechav.) Parodi 1948 Digitaria brownii (Roem. & Schult.) Hughes 5289957 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Digitaria brownii (Roem. & Schult.) Hughes 1949 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler 5289998 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Digitaria ciliaris subsp. nubica (Stapf) S.T. Blake 1951 Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 5289972 Plantae plants 1856 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Digitaria sanguinalis subsp. pectiniformis Henrard 1952 Digitaria violascens Link 5289995 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Digitaria violascens Link 1954 Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) 4315705 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 2005 1997 established freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) 182 | 9412 Dimorphotheca pluvialis (L.) Moench 5402363 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dimorphotheca pluvialis (L.) Moench 609 Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. 2703240 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. 1959 Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 8257546 Plantae plants 1831 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 1960 Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca 7998563 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Diplachne fusca subsp. fusca 1961 Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J.Presl) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 8369366 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J.Presl) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 1963 Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) 5200414 Animalia wrims 2002 to be determined by experts | unknown to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) 9413 | 9414 Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. 5376309 Plantae plants 1920 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. 900 Diplotaxis virgata (Cav.) DC. 5376326 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Diplotaxis virgata (Cav.) DC. 901 Dipsacus laciniatus L. 2888814 Plantae plants 1876 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Dipsacus laciniatus L. 1001 Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckeny 2888816 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckeny 1002 Dipsacus strigosus Willd. 7443846 Plantae plants 2012 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent present Dipsacus strigosus Roem. & Schult. 1003 Disakisperma dubium (Kunth) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 7549853 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Disakisperma dubium (Kunth) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow 1964 Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter 3101193 Plantae plants 1895 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter 610 Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter 3101184 Plantae plants 1907 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter 611 Doronicum columnae Ten. 3143034 Plantae plants 1886 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Doronicum columnae Ten. 612 Doronicum excelsum (N.E.Br.) Stace 3142974 Plantae plants 1867 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Doronicum excelsum (N.E.Br.) Stace 613 Doronicum plantagineum subsp. emarginatum (H.J.Coste) P.Fourn. 6077214 Plantae plants 1824 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Doronicum willdenowii (Rouy) A.W.Hill 614 Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. 2959124 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. 1273 Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. 2959128 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. 1274 Dracocephalum moldavica L. 2927222 Plantae plants 1862 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dracocephalum moldavica L. 1531 Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. 2927220 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. 1532 Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. 2927224 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. 1533 Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) 2287072 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1834 established freshwater Europe corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) 228 Drosera linearis Goldie 3190845 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Drosera linearis Goldie 1189 Dryopteris cycadina (Franch. & Sav.) C. Chr. 7319302 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dryopteris cycadina (Franch. & Sav.) C. Chr. 1192 Dryopteris erythrosora (D. C. Eat.) O. Kuntze 8660202 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Dryopteris erythrosora (D. C. Eat.) O. Kuntze 1193 Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke 3031919 harmonia 1950 terrestrial Asia escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke 69 Dugesia tigrina Girard 2502879 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2004 established freshwater N. America unknown present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Dugesia tigrina Girard 234 Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568446 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 340 Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568428 Plantae plants 1829 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 341 Dysphania carinata (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568424 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Dysphania carinata (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants 342 Dysphania cristata (F. Muell.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568415 Plantae plants 1899 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Dysphania cristata (F. Muell.) Mosyakin & Clemants 343 Dysphania glomulifera (Nees) Paul G. Wilson 7707087 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Dysphania glomulifera (Nees) Paul G. Wilson 344 Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568361 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants 345 Dysphania pseudomultiflora (Murr) Verloove & Lambinon 7877091 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Dysphania pseudomultiflora (Murr) Verloove & Lambinon 346 Dysphania pumilio (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568339 Plantae plants 1887 established to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Dysphania pumilio (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants 347 Dysphania schraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants 5568322 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Dysphania schraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants 348 Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. 2874680 Plantae plants 1875 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present absent Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. 1148 Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf. 5674620 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf. 1965 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link 2702812 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Echinochloa colona (L.) Link 1966 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. 2702808 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. 1967 Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz 2702798 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz 1968 Echinochloa frumentacea Link 2702822 Plantae plants 1973 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Echinochloa frumentacea Link 1969 Echinochloa inundata Michael & Vickery 4118773 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Echinochloa inundata Michael & Vickery 1971 Echinochloa jubata Stapf 4118753 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Echinochloa jubata Stapf 1972 Echinochloa muricata (P.Beauv.) Fernald 2702816 Plantae plants 1887 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Echinochloa muricata subsp. microstachya (Wiegand) Jauzein 1973 Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch 2702820 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Echinochloa hispidula (Retz.) Nees ex Royle 1970 Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray 5331404 harmonia terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray 70 Echinogammarus berilloni (Catta, 1878) 4315760 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1925 established freshwater Europe corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Echinogammarus berilloni (Catta, 1878) 183 Echinogammarus trichiatus (Martynov, 1932) 4417131 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 2009 2009 established | introduced freshwater | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Echinogammarus trichiatus (Martynov, 1932) 184 | 9415 Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. 5392859 Plantae plants 1841 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad. 615 Echinops exaltatus Schrad. 5392683 Plantae plants 1926 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Echinops exaltatus Schrad. 616 Echinops sphaerocephalus L. 5392883 Plantae plants 1821 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Echinops sphaerocephalus L. 617 Echium plantagineum L. 2925895 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present absent Echium plantagineum L. 827 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. 5384950 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. 618 Egeria densa Planch. 5329260 Plantae harmonia | plants 1999 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Egeria densa Planch. 71 | 1478 Ehrharta longiflora Sm. 2702862 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Ehrharta longiflora Sm. 1975 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms 2765940 Plantae plants | t0 listed 2001 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms 2262 | 9597 Einadia polygonoides (Murr) Paul G.Wilson 3757344 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Einadia polygonoides (Murr) Paul G.Wilson 349 Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 3039269 Plantae harmonia | plants 1939 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 72 | 1196 Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. 7293094 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. 1197 Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 3039272 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. 1198 Elaeagnus pungens C.P. Thunb. ex A. Murray 8214730 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. 1199 Elaeagnus submacrophylla Serv. 4048240 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Elaeagnus submacrophylla Serv. 1201 Elaeagnus umbellata C.P. Thunb. ex A. Murray 7752288 Plantae plants 1953 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. 1200 Elatine alsinastrum L. 5646136 Plantae plants 1860? introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present unknown absent Elatine alsinastrum L. 1202 Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. 2716838 Plantae plants 2014 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. 1184 Eleocharis mamillata subsp. austriaca (Hayek) Strandh. 2717402 Plantae plants 2006 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Eleocharis austriaca Hayek 1183 Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. 2717467 Plantae plants 2006 established to be determined by experts N. America stowaway > other means of transport | stowaway > people and their luggage/equipment (in particular tourism) present present present absent Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. 1185 Eleusine africana 4124350 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Eleusine coracana subsp. africana 1977 Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. 2705957 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. 1976 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 2705953 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Eleusine indica subsp. indica 1978 Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. 2705955 Plantae plants 1886 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. 1979 Elminius modestus Darwin, 1854 2115741 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1950 1950 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Asia | Oceania | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Elminius modestus Darwin, 1854 208 | 9416 | 9417 Elodea callitrichoides (Rich.) Casp. 5329198 harmonia freshwater S. America to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Elodea callitrichoides (Rich.) Casp. 73 Elodea canadensis Michx. 2865448 Plantae harmonia | plants 1860 established freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America escape > to be determined by experts | unknown present present present present Elodea canadensis Michx. 74 | 1479 Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John 5329212 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1939 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America escape > to be determined by experts | unknown present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John 75 | 1480 | 9598 Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. 2927075 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. 1534 Elymus canadensis L. 5290282 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Elymus canadensis L. 1980 Elymus hystrix L. 8112114 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent present absent Hystrix patula Moench 2052 Emex australis Steinh. 2888871 Plantae plants 1900 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Emex australis Steinh. 2214 Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. 2888869 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. 2215 Emilia fosbergii Nicolson 5401508 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Emilia fosbergii Nicolson 619 Enarthrocarpus lyratus (Forssk.) DC. 3053950 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Enarthrocarpus lyratus (Forssk.) DC. 902 Enneapogon desvauxii P.Beauv. 2703892 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia | S. America | N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present absent absent Enneapogon desvauxii P.Beauv. 1982 Enneapogon scaber Lehm. 4152153 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present absent absent Enneapogon scaber Lehm. 1983 Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) 2287249 Animalia wrims 1987 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) 9418 | 9419 Enteropogon acicularis (Lindl.) Lazarides 5679692 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Enteropogon acicularis (Lindl.) Lazarides 1984 Ephedra distachya L. 2653321 Plantae plants <1842 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Ephedra distachya L. 1203 Ephedra gerardiana var. sikkimensis Stapf 2653392 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ephedra saxatilis var. sikkimensis (Stapf) Florin 1204 Epilobium brachycarpum Presl 3189073 Plantae plants 2012 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent present present Epilobium brachycarpum Presl 1680 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. 3189096 Plantae harmonia | plants 1952 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America to be determined by experts | unknown present present present present Epilobium ciliatum Raf. 76 | 1681 Epilobium dodonaei Vill. 3666323 Plantae plants 1992 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Chamaenerion dodonaei (Vill.) Schur 1675 Epilobium floridulum M. Smejkal 3665966 Plantae plants 1965? unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Epilobium floridulum M. Smejkal 1683 Epilobium interjectum M. Smejkal 3665061 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown Epilobium interjectum M. Smejkal 1684 Epilobium novae-civitatis Smejkal 7595738 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown Epilobium novae-civitatis Smejkal 1685 Epimedium alpinum L. 7695021 Plantae plants 1847 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Epimedium alpinum L. 794 Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. ex DC. 8044946 Plantae plants 2012 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. ex DC. 795 Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor 6387033 Plantae plants 2007 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor 1205 Equisetum scirpoides Michx. 2687948 Plantae plants 2007 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Equisetum scirpoides Michx. 1206 Eragrostis advena (Stapf) S.M.Phillips 4150785 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis advena (Stapf) S.M.Phillips 1985 Eragrostis alveiformis Lazarides 4150636 Plantae plants 1924 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis alveiformis Lazarides 1986 Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. 2705341 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. 1987 Eragrostis bahiensis Schult. 2705452 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis bahiensis Schult. 1988 Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau 2705431 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau 1989 Eragrostis bicolor Nees 4117648 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis bicolor Nees 1990 Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br. 2705373 Plantae plants 1897 introduced to be determined by experts Africa unknown present present absent absent Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br. 1994 Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees 2705378 Plantae plants 1893 | 1911 established | introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent | present present absent Eragrostis chloromelas Steud. | Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees 1992 | 1995 Eragrostis cylindriflora Hochst. 2705391 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis trichophora Coss. & Durieu 2017 Eragrostis dielsii Pilg. 4113766 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis dielsii Pilg. 1996 Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) J.Jacq. 2705362 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) J.Jacq. 1997 Eragrostis lacunaria F. Muell. ex Benth. 8192063 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis lacunaria F. Muell. ex Benth. 1998 Eragrostis leptocarpa Benth. 4145354 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis leptocarpa Benth. 1999 Eragrostis leptostachya (R.Br.) Steud. 2705422 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis leptostachya (R.Br.) Steud. 2000 Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link 2705339 Plantae plants 1822 | 1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | unknown present present absent | present absent Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link | Eragrostis virescens subsp. verloovei Portal 2001 | 2018 Eragrostis minor Host 2705449 Plantae plants <1835 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Eragrostis minor Host 2002 Eragrostis multicaulis Steud. 2705401 Plantae plants 1943 established to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present present present Eragrostis multicaulis Steud. 2003 Eragrostis neesii Trin. 4143912 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis neesii Trin. 2004 Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey 8018483 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey 2005 Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud. 4143852 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent absent present Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud. 2006 Eragrostis obtusa Munro ex Ficalho & Hiern 4143702 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis obtusa Munro ex Ficalho & Hiern 2007 Eragrostis papposa (Roem. & Schult.) Steud. 4143386 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis papposa (Roem. & Schult.) Steud. 2008 Eragrostis parviflora (R.Br.) Trin. 2705393 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis parviflora (R.Br.) Trin. 2009 Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees 2705420 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees 2010 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv. 2705400 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv. 2011 Eragrostis plana Nees 2705350 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis plana Nees 2012 Eragrostis planiculmis Nees 4142741 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis planiculmis Nees 2013 Eragrostis procumbens Nees 4142399 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis procumbens Nees 2014 Eragrostis rotifer Rendle 4111606 Plantae plants <1950 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eragrostis rotifer Rendle 2015 Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter 2705325 Plantae plants 1939 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter 2016 Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. 3033227 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. 2304 Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev. 4138123 Plantae plants 1957 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev. 2020 Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski 2704664 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski 2021 Erica carnea L. 5682465 Plantae plants 1944 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Erica carnea L. 1209 Erica vagans L. 5333408 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Erica vagans L. 1210 Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. 8392258 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. 620 Erigeron bonariensis L. 3146717 Plantae plants 1892 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Erigeron bonariensis L. 621 Erigeron canadensis L. 3146791 Plantae harmonia | plants 1822 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) | to be determined by experts present present present present Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist | Erigeron canadensis L. 59 | 622 Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch.Bip. 3147018 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch.Bip. 623 Erigeron karvinskianus DC. 3147168 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Erigeron karvinskianus DC. 624 Erigeron philadelphicus L. 3119285 Plantae plants 1945 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent absent present Erigeron philadelphicus L. 626 Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. 3147146 Plantae plants 1869 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. 627 Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. 3146683 Plantae plants 1990 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. 628 Erinus alpinus L. 3741446 Plantae plants 2008 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Erinus alpinus L. 1807 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. 3024146 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. 2372 Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 2225776 Animalia macroinvertebrates | t0 | wrims listed 1933 1933 established | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Asia | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 199 | 9420 | 9421 | 9422 | 9599 Eriochloa australiensis Stapf & Thell. 4134633 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eriochloa australiensis Stapf & Thell. 2022 Eriochloa crebra S.T.Blake 4134508 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eriochloa crebra S.T.Blake 2023 Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E.Hubb. 2702527 Plantae plants 1899 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E.Hubb. 2024 Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha (Stapf ex Thell.) J.M.Black 2702519 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha (Stapf ex Thell.) J.M.Black 2025 Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. 2891628 Plantae plants 1826 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. 1435 Erodium brachycarpum (Godr.) Thellung 2891617 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Erodium brachycarpum (Godr.) Thellung 1436 Erodium carolinianum J.J. Aldasoro, C. Aedo, C. Navarro & L. Saez 3828342 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Erodium cygnorum subsp. glandulosum Carolin 1441 Erodium chium (L.) Willd. 3828217 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Erodium chium (L.) Willd. 1437 Erodium ciconium Willd. 8284583 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Erodium ciconium Willd. 1438 Erodium crinitum Carolin 3827980 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Erodium crinitum Carolin 1439 Erodium malacoides (L.) Willd. 2891621 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Erodium malacoides (L.) Willd. 1442 Erodium manescavii Cosson 4934105 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Erodium manescavii Cosson 1443 Erodium moschatum 2891625 Plantae plants 1813 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Erodium moschatum var. moschatum 1445 Erodium stephanianum Willd. 3829143 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Erodium stephanianum Willd. 1447 Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. 5375925 Plantae plants 1837 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. 903 Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce 5377678 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce 904 Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz 5375547 Plantae plants 1856 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz 905 Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poir.) O.E. Schulz 5375555 Plantae plants 1936 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poir.) O.E. Schulz 907 Eryngium bourgatii Gouan 7318448 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Eryngium bourgatii Gouan 404 Eryngium giganteum M. Bieb. 3631129 Plantae plants 1978 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Eryngium giganteum M. Bieb. 405 Eryngium planum L. 3034393 Plantae plants 1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Eryngium planum L. 406 Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz 3048203 Plantae plants 1554 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz 908 Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. 3048288 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. 909 Erysimum marshallii Bois 3048532 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Erysimum marshallii Bois 912 Erysimum repandum L. 3048166 Plantae plants 1823 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Erysimum repandum L. 910 Erythranthe cuprea (Dombrain) G.L.Nesom 7878507 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Erythranthe cuprea (Dombrain) G.L.Nesom 1770 Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L.Nesom 7346102 Plantae harmonia | plants 1953 established freshwater | terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L.Nesom 107 | 1771 Erythranthe lutea (L.) G.L.Nesom 7730307 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Erythranthe lutea (L.) G.L.Nesom 1772 Erythranthe moschata (Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L.Nesom 7346090 Plantae plants 1882 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Erythranthe moschata (Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L.Nesom 1773 Erythronium dens-canis L. 2752849 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Erythronium dens-canis L. 1591 Eschscholzia californica Cham. 2888380 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Eschscholzia californica Cham. 1751 Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) Holub 7587923 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Euchiton sphaericus (Willd.) Holub 631 Euclidium syriacum (L.) R. Br. 8191598 Plantae plants 1885 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Euclidium syriacum (L.) R. Br. 913 Eudianthe coeli-rosa (L.) Endl. 3814157 Plantae plants 1956 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Silene coeli-rosa (L.) Godr. 1062 Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold 3169120 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold 1081 Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. 3169137 Plantae plants 1986 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Euonymus hederaceus Champ. ex Benth. 1082 Euonymus japonicus Thunb. 7102937 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euonymus japonicus Thunb. 1083 Euonymus latifolius (L.) Mill. 7433196 Plantae plants 1979 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Euonymus latifolius (L.) Mill. 1084 Eupatorium perfoliatum L. 5402874 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Eupatorium perfoliatum L. 632 Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace 3065244 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace 1222 Euphorbia chamaesyce L. 3067869 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Euphorbia chamaesyce L. 1224 Euphorbia characias L. 3067353 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euphorbia characias L. 1225 Euphorbia dentata Michx. 3066993 Plantae plants 1986 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Euphorbia dentata Michx. 1226 Euphorbia epithymoides L. 3066112 Plantae plants 1937 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Euphorbia epithymoides L. 1227 Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Kuzmanov 3064269 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Kuzmanov 1228 Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. 3065883 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. 1230 Euphorbia heterophylla L. 3064495 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Euphorbia heterophylla L. 1231 Euphorbia humifusa Willd. 3067054 Plantae plants 1880 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present present present Euphorbia humifusa Willd. 1232 Euphorbia hypericifolia L. 3066321 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Euphorbia glomerifera (Millsp.) L.C.Wheeler 1229 Euphorbia lathyris L. 3066965 Plantae plants 1554 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Euphorbia lathyris L. 1233 Euphorbia maculata L. 3067119 Plantae plants <1950 established to be determined by experts N. America stowaway present present present present Euphorbia maculata L. 1234 Euphorbia myrsinites L. 3064669 Plantae plants 2007 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euphorbia myrsinites L. 1235 Euphorbia nutans Lag. 3070346 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Euphorbia nutans Lag. 1236 Euphorbia oblongata Griseb. 3069460 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euphorbia oblongata Griseb. 1237 Euphorbia palustris L. 3064056 Plantae plants 1838 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Euphorbia palustris L. 1238 Euphorbia peplis L. 3066482 Plantae plants 1878 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Euphorbia peplis L. 1239 Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 3067891 Plantae plants 2002 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America stowaway present present present present Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 1240 Euphorbia pseudoesula Schur 3068528 Plantae plants 1960? unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Euphorbia pseudoesula Schur 1244 Euphorbia seguieriana Neck. 3066179 Plantae plants 1858 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Euphorbia seguieriana Neck. 1241 Euphorbia serpens Kunth 3064221 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Euphorbia serpens subsp. fissistipula (Thell.) Verloove & Lambinon 1242 Euphorbia vermiculata Raf. 3069300 Plantae plants 2007 unknown to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > timber trade present absent present absent Euphorbia vermiculata Raf. 1243 Euphorbia verrucosa L. 3069053 Plantae plants 1973 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Samp. 1223 Eurytemora americana L. W. Williams, 1906 2114326 Animalia wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Eurytemora americana L. W. Williams, 1906 9423 Eustachys neglecta (Nash) Nash 5289814 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eustachys neglecta (Nash) Nash 2026 Eustachys retusa (Lag.) Kunth 5289819 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Eustachys retusa (Lag.) Kunth 2027 Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 3092782 Plantae plants | t0 under preparation <1900 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 634 | 9693 Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. 3110293 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip. 637 Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 2889373 Plantae plants 1855 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 2216 Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. 2889378 Plantae plants 1856 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. 2217 Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub 5334351 Plantae plants 1942 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Fallopia baldschuanica (Regel) Holub 2218 Fallopia ×conollyana J.P.Bailey 5652288 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent ×Reyllopia conollyana (J.P.Bailey) Galasso 2260 Fargesia spathacea Franch. 5676003 Plantae plants 1988 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Fargesia spathacea Franch. 2028 Fatsia japonica (Thunb.) Decne. & Planch. 3039046 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Fatsia japonica (Thunb.) Decne. & Planch. 450 Felicia tenella (L.) Nees 5401239 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Felicia tenella (L.) Nees 638 Ferrissia fragilis Tryon, 1863 2291152 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1937 established freshwater Africa escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ferrissia fragilis Tryon, 1863 223 Festuca gautieri (Hack.) K.Richt. 4123970 Plantae plants 1991 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Festuca gautieri (Hack.) K.Richt. 2030 Festuca glauca Vill. 2705031 Plantae plants 1887 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Festuca glauca Vill. 2031 Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Hack. 2704949 Plantae plants 1863 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Festuca brevipila R.Tracey 2029 Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin 2704966 Plantae plants <1824 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin 2032 Festulolium braunii (K.Richt.) A.Camus 2703221 Plantae plants 1942 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present present absent Festulolium braunii (K.Richt.) A.Camus 2199 Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) 2327735 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1950 1950 established | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Asia | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) 164 | 9424 | 9425 Ficus carica L. 5361909 Plantae plants 1937 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > live food and live bait present present present present Ficus carica L. 1657 Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. 7272312 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. 2373 Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl 2708808 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl 1186 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 3034922 Plantae plants 1820 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 407 Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl 5415056 Plantae plants 1961 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl 1662 Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 5415053 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 1663 Forsythia ×intermedia Zabel 5415054 Plantae plants 1960 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Forsythia ×intermedia Zabel 1664 Frankenia pulverulenta L. 2874692 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Frankenia pulverulenta L. 1430 Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso 6432925 Plantae plants 2009 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso 1665 Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 3172343 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Fraxinus latifolia Benth. 1666 Fraxinus ornus L. 3172347 Plantae plants 1871 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Fraxinus ornus L. 1667 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall 3172348 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 2008 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall 81 | 1668 | 9601 Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. 5300102 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. 1592 Gaillardia grandiflora Hort. ex Van Houtte 5387817 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 1946 | 1953 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America | unknown escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Gaillardia grandiflora Hort. | Gaillardia grandiflora Hort. ex Van Houtte 82 | 639 | 9602 Galanthus ikariae Baker 2855374 Plantae plants 1984 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Galanthus ikariae Baker 368 Galanthus nivalis L. 2855356 Plantae plants 1939 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii Casp. 370 Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. 2855439 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. 372 Galatella sedifolia (L.) Greuter 3091620 Plantae plants to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Galatella sedifolia (L.) Greuter 641 Galega officinalis L. 2975667 Plantae plants 1854 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Galega officinalis L. 1275 Galeopsis pubescens Besser 5341310 Plantae plants 1856 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Galeopsis pubescens Besser 1535 Galinsoga parviflora Cav. 3132570 Plantae plants 1873 established to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present present present Galinsoga parviflora Cav. 642 Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav. 3132567 Plantae plants 1920 established to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present present present Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. 643 Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam. 2908428 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam. 2457 Galium murale (L.) All. 2914590 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | stowaway present present present absent Galium murale (L.) All. 2458 Galium rubioides L. 2913315 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture unknown unknown unknown unknown Galium rubioides L. 2461 Galium tenuissimum M.Bieb. 2914501 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Galium tenuissimum M.Bieb. 2462 Galium verrucosum Huds. 2914754 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Galium verrucosum Huds. 2463 Galium verum subsp. wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Oborny 2914404 Plantae plants 2007 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Galium verum subsp. wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Oborny 2464 Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835 5864277 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1937 established freshwater Europe corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835 185 Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 2219863 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1991 1991 established freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 186 | 9426 Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) 2266521 Animalia wrims 1962 established | introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) 9427 | 9428 Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) C.E.Hubb. 5289763 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) C.E.Hubb. 2033 Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. 5289764 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. 2034 Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P.Beauv. 5290242 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Gaudinia fragilis (L.) P.Beauv. 2035 Gaultheria procumbens L. 2882753 Plantae plants 1943 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Gaultheria procumbens L. 1211 Gentiana acaulis L. 6366597 Plantae plants 1844 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Gentiana acaulis L. 1432 Gentiana asclepiadea L. 7270381 Plantae plants 1961 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Gentiana asclepiadea L. 1433 Gentiana lutea L. 3170040 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Gentiana lutea L. 1434 Geranium cantabrigiense Yeo 2890995 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Geranium cantabrigiense Yeo 1456 Geranium carolinianum L. 2890623 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Geranium carolinianum L. 1448 Geranium divaricatum Ehrh. 2890013 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Geranium divaricatum Ehrh. 1449 Geranium endressii J. Gay 2890502 Plantae plants <1900 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Geranium endressii J. Gay 1450 Geranium macrorrhizum L. 2891079 Plantae plants 1821 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Geranium macrorrhizum L. 1451 Geranium magnificum Hyl. 2889980 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Geranium magnificum Hyl. 1457 Geranium nodosum L. 2890287 Plantae plants 1855 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Geranium nodosum L. 1452 Geranium oxonianum Yeo 2890035 Plantae plants <1900 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Geranium oxonianum Yeo 1458 Geranium phaeum L. 2891390 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Geranium phaeum L. 1453 Geranium purpureum Vill. 2890541 Plantae plants 1967 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Geranium purpureum Vill. 1454 Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. 2890122 Plantae plants 1824 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. 1455 Geum macrophyllum Willd. 5369784 Plantae plants 1994 established to be determined by experts Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Geum macrophyllum Willd. 2375 Geum quellyon Sweet 5370043 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Geum quellyon Sweet 2376 Geum ternatum (Stephan) Smedmark 5370006 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Geum ternatum (Stephan) Smedmark 2377 Gilia achilleifolia Benth. 5341540 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Gilia achilleifolia Benth. 2200 Gilia capitata subsp. capitata 7223680 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Gilia capitata subsp. capitata 2202 Gilia capitata subsp. mediomontana V. Grant 5659657 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Gilia capitata subsp. mediomontana V. Grant 2201 Gilia tricolor Benth. 5341558 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Gilia tricolor Benth. 2203 Ginkgo biloba L. 2687885 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ginkgo biloba L. 1462 Gladiolus italicus Mill. 2749791 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent absent present Gladiolus italicus Mill. 1494 Gladiolus ×hortulanus L. H. Bailey 3586046 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Gladiolus ×hortulanus L. H. Bailey 1495 Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) Tronc. 5667614 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) Tronc. 2625 Glandularia ×hybrida (Groenl. & Rümpler) G. L. Nesom & Pruski 5341154 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent present Glandularia ×hybrida (Groenl. & Rümpler) G. L. Nesom & Pruski 2626 Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph 5334188 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph 1752 Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach 3141115 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Glebionis coronaria (L.) Tzvelev 646 Gleditsia triacanthos L. 2959443 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Gleditsia triacanthos L. 975 Glinus lotoides L. 3084616 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Glinus lotoides L. 1650 Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. 2705512 Plantae plants 1995 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. 2036 Glycine max (L.) Merr. 5359660 Plantae plants 1980 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent absent Glycine max (L.) Merr. 1276 Gnaphalium antillanum Urb. 5390801 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Gamochaeta antillana (Urb.) Anderb. 644 Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd. 5390730 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material | stowaway present present present absent Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera 645 Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz, 1862 2266754 Animalia wrims 1946 introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz, 1862 9429 | 9430 | 9431 Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. 2840931 Plantae plants 1902 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America contaminant > contaminant on plants (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. 1725 Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss, 1967 5278964 Plantae wrims 2011 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Ohmi) Papenfuss, 1967 9432 | 9433 Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal 3146219 Plantae plants 1920 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal 647 Guizotia abyssinica (Linnaeus f.) Cassini 3088634 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Guizotia abyssinica (Linnaeus f.) Cassini 648 Gunnera manicata Linden 8078925 Plantae t0 under consideration absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Gunnera manicata Linden 9603 Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel 2984306 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel 9604 Gutenbergia rueppellii Sch.Bip. 3113852 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Gutenbergia rueppellii Sch.Bip. 649 Gypsophila elegans M. Bieb. 5384466 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Gypsophila elegans M. Bieb. 1043 Gypsophila paniculata L. 5384458 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Gypsophila paniculata L. 1044 Gypsophila pilosa Huds. 5384459 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Gypsophila pilosa Huds. 1045 Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Ser. 5384465 Plantae plants 1866 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Ser. 1046 Gypsophila viscosa Murray 5585762 Plantae plants 1878 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent present present Gypsophila viscosa Murray 1047 Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter 2705690 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter 2037 Haliclona xena De Weerdt, 1986 5182343 Animalia wrims 1988 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Haliclona xena De Weerdt, 1986 9434 | 9435 Halimium alyssoides (Lam.) K. Koch 7331240 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Halimium alyssoides (Lam.) K. Koch 1086 Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss 2983965 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss 1277 Haliplanella lineata (Verrill, 1870) 2255892 Animalia wrims 1998 introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Haliplanella lineata (Verrill, 1870) 9436 Haplopoma graniferum (Johnston, 1847) 1008610 Animalia wrims 1999 to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Haplopoma graniferum (Johnston, 1847) 9437 Haplopoma impressum (Audouin, 1826) 1008612 Animalia wrims 1999 to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Haplopoma impressum (Audouin, 1826) 9438 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) 4989904 harmonia 2000 invasive terrestrial Asia release > biological control present present present present Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) 83 Harpachne schimperi A.Rich. 4125110 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Harpachne schimperi A.Rich. 2038 Hebenstretia integrifolia L. 3725805 Plantae plants 1862 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Hebenstretia integrifolia L. 2529 Hedera colchica (K.Koch) K.Koch 3036033 Plantae plants 1952 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Hedera colchica (K.Koch) K.Koch 451 Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchn.) Bean 8410115 Plantae plants ? established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchn.) Bean 452 Hedera maroccana McAll. 3036169 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hedera maroccana McAll. 453 Helenium autumnale L. 5401877 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Helenium autumnale L. 650 Helenium ×clementii Verloove & Lambinon 5704991 Plantae plants 1972 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Helenium ×clementii Verloove & Lambinon 651 Helianthus annuus L. 3119195 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Helianthus annuus L. 652 Helianthus debilis Nutt. 3119191 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Helianthus debilis Nutt. 653 Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. 3119181 Plantae plants 1923 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. 655 Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. 3119225 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. 656 Helianthus salicifolius A.Dietr. 3119219 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Helianthus salicifolius A.Dietr. 657 Helianthus tuberosus L. 3119175 Plantae harmonia | plants 1893 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) | escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Helianthus tuberosus L. 84 | 658 Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don 3131614 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don 659 Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L.Burtt 3131367 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Helichrysum petiolare Hilliard & B.L.Burtt 660 Helictotrichon bromoides (Gouan) C.E.Hubb. 4153260 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Helictotrichon bromoides (Gouan) C.E.Hubb. 2039 Helictotrichon recurvatum (Swallen) Cope & Ryves 4152236 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Amphibromus recurvatus Swallen 1860 Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg. 4152037 Plantae plants 1981 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg. 2040 Heliophila pusilla L.f. 5374386 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Heliophila pusilla L.f. 914 Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet 5396474 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet 661 Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl 2925790 Plantae plants 1890 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl 828 Heliotropium europaeum L. 2925767 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Heliotropium europaeum L. 829 Helleborus niger L. 3033107 Plantae plants 1792 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Helleborus niger L. 2305 Helleborus orientalis Lam. 6374953 Plantae plants 1947 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Helleborus orientalis Lam. 2306 Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 2781074 Plantae plants 1935 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 2642 Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. 2781103 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present unknown Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. 2643 Hemigrapsus penicillatus (De Haan, 1835) 2225770 Animalia wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Hemigrapsus penicillatus (De Haan, 1835) 9439 Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan, 1835) 2225772 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 2006 2006 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts escape > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Hemigrapsus sanguineus (De Haan, 1835) 201 | 9440 | 9441 Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura & Watanabe, 2005 4382841 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 2003 2003 established marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts escape > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura & Watanabe, 2005 200 | 9442 Hemimysis anomala G. O. Sars, 1907 2220312 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1999 1999 established | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Hemimysis anomala G. O. Sars, 1907 206 | 9443 | 9444 Hemizonia fasciculata (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray 3145372 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Hemizonia fasciculata (DC.) Torr. & A.Gray 664 Hemizonia pungens (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & A.Gray 3145384 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent absent present Hemizonia pungens (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & A.Gray 665 Hepatica nobilis Schreb. 5371699 Plantae plants 1825 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Hepatica nobilis Schreb. 2307 Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier 3034825 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1938 | 1945 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier 85 | 408 | 9605 Heracleum persicum Desf. 3628745 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Heracleum persicum Desf. 9606 Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. 3642949 Plantae harmonia | t0 listed terrestrial Asia to be determined by experts absent absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. 86 | 9607 Herniaria cinerea DC. 3593900 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Herniaria cinerea DC. 1048 Herpestes javanicus 2434271 Animalia t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Herpestes javanicus 9608 Hesperis matronalis L. 3042291 Plantae plants 1821 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Hesperis matronalis L. 915 Heteranthemis viscidehirta Schott 3104078 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Heteranthemis viscidehirta Schott 666 Heuchera micrantha Douglas ex Lindl. 3032646 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Heuchera micrantha Douglas ex Lindl. 2515 Heuchera sanguinea Engelm. 3032653 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Heuchera sanguinea Engelm. 2516 Hibiscus syriacus L. 3152583 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Hibiscus syriacus L. 1616 Hibiscus trionum L. 3152560 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Hibiscus trionum L. 1617 Hieracium pilosum Froel. 7569785 Plantae plants <1890 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Hieracium pilosum Froel. 669 Hieracium recensitum ford 7358565 Plantae plants ca. 1985? established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Hieracium glaucinum subsp. recensitum (Jord. ex Boreau) Gottschl. 668 Hieracium speciosum Hornem. 4243464 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Hieracium speciosum Hornem. 670 Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. 2703336 Plantae plants 2002 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America unknown present present absent absent Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1862 Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P.Delforge 5324959 Plantae plants 2014 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P.Delforge 1726 Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen 5353705 Plantae plants 1860 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen 1278 Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 5972004 Animalia t0 under consideration absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 9609 Hordeum bulbosum L. 2706067 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Hordeum bulbosum L. 2041 Hordeum comosum J.Presl 4149167 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Hordeum comosum J.Presl 2042 Hordeum distichon L. 8332019 Plantae plants 1871 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Hordeum distichon L. 2043 Hordeum euclaston Steud. 4148721 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Hordeum euclaston Steud. 2044 Hordeum flexuosum Nees ex Steud. 4148661 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Hordeum flexuosum Nees ex Steud. 2045 Hordeum jubatum L. 2706052 Plantae plants 1887 established to be determined by experts S. America | N. America | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Hordeum jubatum L. 2048 Hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell. 8338571 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present present Hordeum geniculatum All. 2046 Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev 4115425 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Hordeum glaucum Steud. 2047 Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang. 4270548 Plantae plants 1938 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Hordeum leporinum Link 2049 Hordeum pusillum Nutt. 2706070 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Hordeum pusillum Nutt. 2050 Hordeum vulgare L. 2706056 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Hordeum vulgare L. 2051 Hornungia alpina (L.) O. Appel 5376139 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hornungia alpina (L.) O. Appel 916 Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek 5376158 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek 917 Hosta Tratt. 2771094 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hosta Tratt. 471 Houttuynia cordata Thunb. 5384931 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Houttuynia cordata Thunb. 2511 Humulopsis scandens (Lour.) I.A. Grudzinskaya 3874408 Plantae harmonia | plants 1954 introduced freshwater | terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present absent absent | present Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. | Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. 87 | 995 Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. 5304257 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 1882 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Europe | Europe | Africa escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm. 88 | 472 | 9610 Hyacinthoides massartiana Geerinck 5304294 Plantae plants 1977 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Hyacinthoides massartiana Geerinck 473 Hyacinthus orientalis L. 2772666 Plantae plants 1977 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Hyacinthus orientalis L. 474 Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe 2985994 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe 1473 Hydrangea paniculata Siebold 2985995 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hydrangea paniculata Siebold 1474 Hydrocotyle novae-zeelandiae DC. 3636471 Plantae plants 1984 established to be determined by experts Oceania unknown present present absent absent Hydrocotyle novae-zeelandiae DC. 454 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. fil. 7978544 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1992 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. fil. 89 | 455 | 9611 Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. 3034602 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. 456 Hylotelephium anacampseros (L.) H.Ohba 4202184 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Sedum anacampseros L. 1127 Hyoscyamus albus L. 2928979 Plantae plants 1933 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Hyoscyamus albus L. 2554 Hypania invalida (Grube, 1860) 5199161 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2000 established freshwater Europe stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Hypania invalida (Grube, 1860) 167 Hypecoum pendulum L. 2888559 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Hypecoum pendulum L. 1753 Hypericum calycinum L. 3189497 Plantae plants 1867 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Hypericum calycinum L. 1484 Hypericum inodorum Miller 3711564 Plantae plants 1862 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Hypericum inodorum Miller 1487 Hypericum moseranum Ed. Andre 3189468 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hypericum ×moserianum Andre 1488 Hypericum olympicum L. 8021567 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hypericum olympicum L. 1485 Hypericum ×hidcoteense Geerinck 3711846 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Hypericum ×hidcoteense Geerinck 1486 Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch.Bip.) Cabrera 3093891 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch.Bip.) Cabrera 671 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) 2362473 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1975 1975 established freshwater Asia release > biological control | to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) 10 | 90 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) 2362486 Animalia fishes 1975 established freshwater Asia release > biological control present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) 11 Hyssopus officinalis L. 5341387 Plantae plants 1821 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) | escape > horticulture present present present absent Hyssopus officinalis L. 1536 Iberis odorata L. 5377196 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Iberis odorata L. 919 Iberis pinnata L. 5377286 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Iberis pinnata L. 920 Iberis sempervirens L. 5551241 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Iberis sempervirens L. 921 Iberis umbellata L. 5377303 Plantae plants 1879 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Iberis umbellata L. 922 Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt. 3172647 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt. 1644 Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) 5202520 Animalia fishes 1884 established freshwater to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818) 12 Ilex crenata Thunb. 5414239 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ilex crenata Thunb. 439 Ilex ×altaclerensis (Loudon) Dallim. 5930559 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ilex ×altaclerensis (Loudon) Dallim. 437 Ilex ×meserveae S. Y. Hu 5533814 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ilex ×meserveae S. Y. Hu 438 Impatiens balfourii Hook. fil. 2891783 Plantae plants | t0 1952 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Impatiens balfourii Hook. fil. 780 | 9612 Impatiens capensis Meerb. 2891774 Plantae plants | t0 2002 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Impatiens capensis Meerb. 781 | 9613 Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. fil. 4936345 Plantae t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. fil. 9614 Impatiens glandulifera Royle 2891770 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1891 | 1939 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Impatiens glandulifera Royle 91 | 782 | 9615 Impatiens parviflora DC. 2891782 Plantae harmonia | plants 1839 | 1868 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia to be determined by experts | unknown present present present present Impatiens parviflora DC. 92 | 783 Imperatoria ostruthium L. 5538108 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Imperatoria ostruthium L. 409 Incisocalliope aestuarius (Watling & Maurer, 1973) 5177825 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1996 1996 established | to be determined by experts estuarine | marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Incisocalliope aestuarius (Watling & Maurer, 1973) 188 | 9445 | 9446 Inula helenium L. 3148340 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Inula helenium L. 672 Inula hirta L. 3148392 Plantae plants 1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Inula hirta L. 673 Inula racemosa Hook.f. 4933624 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Inula racemosa Hook.f. 674 Inula spiraeifolia L. 8211936 Plantae plants 1868 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Inula spiraeifolia L. 675 Ipomoea hederacea var. hederacea 7324046 Plantae plants 1975 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ipomoea hederacea var. hederacea 1109 Ipomoea hederifolia L. 2928624 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Ipomoea hederifolia L. 1111 Ipomoea lacunosa L. 2928584 Plantae plants 1993 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ipomoea lacunosa f. lacunosa 1112 Ipomoea leucantha Jacq. 2928583 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ipomoea leucantha Jacq. 1113 Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth 2928576 Plantae plants 1936 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth 1114 Ipomoea rubriflora O'Donell 7519113 Plantae plants 1942 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Ipomoea coccinea L. 1108 Ipomoea tricolor Cav. 2928589 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Ipomoea tricolor Cav. 1115 Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray 2928613 Plantae plants 1993 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray 1116 Iris foetidissima L. 5298765 Plantae plants 2008 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Iris foetidissima L. 1496 Iris germanica L. 5298069 Plantae plants 1870 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Iris germanica L. 1497 Iris graminea L. 5298908 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Iris graminea L. 1498 Iris pumila L. 5298675 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Iris pumila L. 1499 Iris sibirica L. 5298126 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Iris sibirica L. 1500 Isatis tinctoria L. 5374118 Plantae plants 1855 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Isatis tinctoria L. 923 Iva annua L. 5402627 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Iva annua L. 676 Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. 5402620 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. 606 Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden 5388595 Plantae plants 1892 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden 677 Jaera istri Veuille, 1979 5177089 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2000 established freshwater Europe corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Jaera istri Veuille, 1979 205 Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. 3172266 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. 1669 Juglans cinerea L. 3054352 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Juglans cinerea L. 1504 Juglans nigra L. 3054357 Plantae plants 2008 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Juglans nigra L. 1505 Juglans regia L. 3054368 Plantae plants 1972 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Juglans regia L. 1506 Juncus anthelatus (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks & Whittem. 2702058 Plantae plants 1977 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent present Juncus tenuis subsp. anthelatus (Wiegand) Verloove & Lambinon 1516 Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe 2701986 Plantae plants 1965 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Juncus canadensis J.Gay ex Laharpe 1509 Juncus dichotomus Elliott 2701120 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Juncus tenuis subsp. dichotomus (Elliott) Verloove & Lambinon 1517 Juncus dudleyi Wiegand 2701831 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Juncus tenuis subsp. dudleyi (Wiegand) P.Fourn. 1518 Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. 2701612 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. 1510 Juncus foliosus Desf. 2701578 Plantae plants 1984 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present absent absent Juncus foliosus Desf. 1511 Juncus imbricatus Laharpe 2701618 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Juncus imbricatus Laharpe 1512 Juncus pallescens Lam. 2700646 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Juncus pallescens Lam. 1513 Juncus radula Buchenau 2701304 Plantae plants 1916 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Juncus radula Buchenau 1514 Juncus subsecundus N.A.Wakef. 2701118 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Juncus subsecundus N.A.Wakef. 1515 Juncus tenuis Willd. 2702084 harmonia 1823 established terrestrial N. America to be determined by experts present present present present Juncus tenuis Willd. 93 Kalanchoe blossfeldiana v. Poelln. 2985944 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Kalanchoe blossfeldiana v. Poelln. 1124 Kalmia angustifolia L. 2883007 Plantae plants 1903 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Kalmia angustifolia L. 1212 Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) 1002621 Animalia wrims 1974 established to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) 9447 Kerria japonica (L.) DC. 8699606 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Kerria japonica (L.) DC. 2378 Kitaibela vitifolia Willd. 4939668 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent present Kitaibela vitifolia Willd. 1618 Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. 7504215 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. 1004 Knautia macedonica Griseb. 4102952 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Knautia macedonica Griseb. 1005 Kniphofia praecox Baker 5305162 Plantae plants 2015 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Kniphofia praecox Baker 2644 Laburnum anagyroides Medik. 5356345 Plantae plants 1860 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Laburnum anagyroides Medik. 1279 Lachnagrostis billardierei (R.Br.) Trin. 4136060 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lachnagrostis billardierei (R.Br.) Trin. 2053 Lachnagrostis filiformis (G.Forst.) Trin. 4135963 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Lachnagrostis filiformis (G.Forst.) Trin. 2054 Lachnagrostis lachnantha (Nees) Rúgolo & A.M.Molina 4135892 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Agrostis lachnantha Nees 1853 Lactuca macrophylla (Willd.) A.Gray 3140436 Plantae plants 1989 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Cicerbita macrophylla subsp. macrophylla 578 Lactuca macrophylla subsp. uralensis (Rouy) N.Kilian & Greuter 4211590 Plantae plants 1948 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Cicerbita macrophylla subsp. uralensis (Rouy) P.D.Sell 579 Lactuca sativa 3140379 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Lactuca sativa L. 678 Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss 2865565 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1993 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | present | to be determined by experts Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss 94 | 1481 | 9616 Lagurus ovatus L. 5290177 Plantae plants 1848 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Lagurus ovatus L. 2055 Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 5608183 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1537 Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench 5289762 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present present Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench 2056 Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum (Smejkal) J.Duvign. 6411098 Plantae plants 1897 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum (Smejkal) J.Duvign. 1538 Lamium garganicum subsp. garganicum 7308043 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent absent present Lamium garganicum subsp. garganicum 1539 Lamium orvala L. 3892732 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lamium orvala L. 1540 Laonome calida Capa, 2007 7009279 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2014 established freshwater | estuarine Oceania stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Laonome calida Capa, 2007 163 Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew 2984466 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew 2617 Lappula marginata (M. Bieb.) Gürke 8667808 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Lappula marginata (M. Bieb.) Gürke 831 Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. 2925756 Plantae plants 1811 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. 832 Larix decidua Mill. 2686212 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent present Larix decidua Mill. 1780 Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière 2686157 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière 1781 Larix ×marschlinsii Coaz 4938682 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Larix ×marschlinsii Coaz 1782 Lathyrus angulatus L. 5356429 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Lathyrus angulatus L. 1280 Lathyrus annuus L. 5356361 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Lathyrus annuus L. 1281 Lathyrus clymenum L. 5356407 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lathyrus clymenum L. 1283 Lathyrus heterophyllus L. 5356541 Plantae plants 2011 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Lathyrus heterophyllus L. 1284 Lathyrus inconspicuus L. 5356614 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Lathyrus inconspicuus L. 1285 Lathyrus latifolius L. 5356517 Plantae plants 1874 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present present present Lathyrus latifolius L. 1286 Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. 5356662 Plantae plants 1803 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present present Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. 1287 Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. 5356441 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC. 1288 Lathyrus odoratus L. 5356514 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Lathyrus odoratus L. 1289 Lathyrus sativus L. 5356488 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Lathyrus sativus L. 1290 Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. 5356680 Plantae plants 1856 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. 1291 Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. 5356704 Plantae plants 1830 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. 1292 Laurus nobilis L. 3034015 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Laurus nobilis L. 1590 Lavandula angustifolia Mill. 2927305 Plantae plants 1949 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Lavandula angustifolia Mill. 1541 Lavandula dentata L. 7307829 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present absent present absent Lavandula dentata L. 1542 Lemna minuta Kunth 2867614 Plantae harmonia | plants 1983 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America | N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Lemna minuta Kunth 95 | 441 Lemna turionifera Landolt 2867631 Plantae harmonia | plants 1992 | 2005 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts Asia | N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Lemna turionifera Landolt 96 | 442 Lens culinaris Medik. 5350010 Plantae plants 1852 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Lens culinaris Medik. 1293 Lens nigricans (M.Bieb.) Godr. 5350015 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Lens nigricans (M.Bieb.) Godr. 1294 Leonurus japonicus Houtt. 6410563 Plantae plants 1939 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Leonurus japonicus Houtt. 1544 Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. 7307492 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present present Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. 1543 Lepidium africanum (Burm. f.) DC. 5376530 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lepidium africanum (Burm. f.) DC. 924 Lepidium bonariense L. 5376925 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Lepidium bonariense L. 925 Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 5377064 Plantae plants 1886 | 1919 established | introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant | unknown present present absent | present absent | present Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. | Lepidium neglectum Thell. 926 | 936 Lepidium desertorum Eckl. & Zeyh. 5376494 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lepidium desertorum Eckl. & Zeyh. 927 Lepidium didymum L. 5377060 Plantae plants 1857 established to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present present present Lepidium didymum L. 928 Lepidium draba L. 5376961 Plantae plants 1840 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Lepidium draba subsp. draba 930 Lepidium fasciculatum Thell. 5376785 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lepidium fasciculatum Thell. 931 Lepidium graminifolium L. 5376994 Plantae plants 1837 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Lepidium graminifolium L. 932 Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. 5376846 Plantae plants 1866 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present present Lepidium heterophyllum Benth. 933 Lepidium hirtum (L.) Sm. 5376874 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Lepidium hirtum (L.) Sm. 934 Lepidium latifolium L. 5376692 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Lepidium latifolium L. 935 Lepidium perfoliatum L. 5376816 Plantae plants 1871 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Lepidium perfoliatum L. 937 Lepidium sativum L. 5376565 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Lepidium sativum L. 938 Lepidium schinzii Thell. 5376481 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lepidium schinzii Thell. 939 Lepidium virginicum L. 5376648 Plantae plants 1859 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Lepidium virginicum L. 940 Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) 2394486 Animalia fishes | harmonia | t0 under consideration 1884 1885 established freshwater N. America | to be determined by experts escape > ornamental purpose other than horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) 13 | 97 | 9617 Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (C. A. Mey.) Fenzl ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 3085346 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (C. A. Mey.) Fenzl ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 1049 Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev 3088405 Plantae plants 1928 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev 679 Leucanthemum ×superbum (Bergmans ex J.Ingram) Soreng & E.A.Cope 7378144 Plantae plants 2002 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Leucanthemum superbum (Bergmans ex J.W.Ingram) D.H.Kent 680 Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) 2362881 Animalia wrims unknown to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) 9448 Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) 5851603 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1990 1984 established | invasive freshwater Europe escape > live food and live bait | release > fishery in the wild (including game fishing) | to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) 4 | 35 Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleumer 5333354 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleumer 1214 Levisticum officinale Koch 5371772 Plantae plants 1870 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Levisticum officinale Koch 410 Leycesteria formosa Wall. 2888579 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Leycesteria formosa Wall. 1007 Leysera tenella DC. 3092604 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Leysera tenella DC. 681 Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. 3104314 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. 682 Ligularia dentata (A.Gray) Hara 5395475 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ligularia dentata (A.Gray) Hara 683 Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. 3172291 Plantae plants 1986 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. 1670 Ligustrum sinense Lour. 3172294 Plantae plants 2005 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ligustrum sinense Lour. 1671 Ligustrum ×vicaryi Rehder 3685073 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ligustrum ×vicaryi Rehder 1672 Lilium martagon L. 2753146 Plantae plants 1912 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Lilium martagon L. 1593 Limnanthes douglasii R. Br. 5334527 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Limnanthes douglasii R. Br. 1597 Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine 5329643 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present absent absent present Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine 1482 Limnodrilus cervix Brinkhurst, 1963 2308541 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2009 established freshwater N. America stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Limnodrilus cervix Brinkhurst, 1963 171 Limnomysis benedeni Czerniavsky, 1882 2220347 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2005 established freshwater Europe corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Limnomysis benedeni Czerniavsky, 1882 207 Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. 3082297 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. 1842 Linaria angustissima (Loisel.) Borbás 5415014 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Linaria angustissima (Loisel.) Borbás 1808 Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill. 7963687 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill. 1810 Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. 5415013 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. 1811 Linaria hirta (L.) Moench 7683374 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Linaria hirta (L.) Moench 1812 Linaria incarnata (Vent.) Sprengel 5415018 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present absent absent Linaria incarnata (Vent.) Sprengel 1813 Linaria maroccana Hook. fil. 5415016 Plantae plants 1938 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Linaria maroccana Hook. fil. 1814 Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. 5415012 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Linaria purpurea (L.) Mill. 1815 Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. 8287616 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present unknown unknown present Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC. 1816 Linaria supina (L.) Chaz. 5415009 Plantae plants 1882 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present present present Linaria supina (L.) Chaz. 1817 Linaria triornithophora (L.) Willd. 7848321 Plantae plants 1972 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Linaria triornithophora (L.) Willd. 1818 Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell 3171888 Plantae harmonia | plants 1993 established freshwater | terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America to be determined by experts present present absent absent | to be determined by experts Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell 98 | 1601 Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Philcox 3171882 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia to be determined by experts present present absent absent Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbás 1602 Linum austriacum subsp. austriacum 7293222 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Linum austriacum subsp. austriacum 1598 Linum grandiflorum Desf. 2873926 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Linum grandiflorum Desf. 1599 Linum usitatissimum L. 2873861 Plantae plants 1830 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Linum usitatissimum L. 1600 Liquidambar styraciflua L. 3152824 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Liquidambar styraciflua L. 251 Liriodendron tulipifera L. 3152861 Plantae plants <1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent absent present Liriodendron tulipifera L. 1609 Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) 2427091 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 1996 invasive freshwater N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) | Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 137 | 9618 Lithoglyphus naticoides C. Pfeiffer, 1828 5777912 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1924 established freshwater Europe corridor > interconnected waterways/basins/seas present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Lithoglyphus naticoides C. Pfeiffer, 1828 219 Lobelia erinus L. 5408087 Plantae plants 1925 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present present present Lobelia erinus L. 988 Lobelia pedunculata R.Br. 5408682 Plantae plants 2003 unknown to be determined by experts Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lobelia pedunculata R.Br. 989 Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb. 5408775 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb. 990 Lobelia siphilitica L. 5409120 Plantae plants <1934 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Lobelia siphilitica L. 991 Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. 5373358 Plantae plants 1870 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. 941 Lolium multiflorum Lam. 4129708 Plantae plants 1814 | 1950 established | introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts | unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) | to be determined by experts present present present absent | present Lolium boucheanum Kunth | Lolium multiflorum Lam. 2057 | 2061 Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. 2706225 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. 2058 Lolium rigidum Gaudin 2706218 Plantae plants 1861 | 1996 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent | present absent | present Lolium rigidum Gaudin | Lolium subulatum Vis. 2059 | 2060 Lonicera acuminata Wall. 5598598 Plantae plants 2009 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Lonicera acuminata Wall. 1008 Lonicera caprifolium L. 5334227 Plantae plants 1851 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Lonicera caprifolium L. 1009 Lonicera chrysantha Turcz. 8242349 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lonicera chrysantha Turcz. ex Ledeb. 1010 Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks ex Spreng. 5334253 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks ex Spreng. 1011 Lonicera japonica Thunb. 5334240 harmonia terrestrial Asia escape > to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Lonicera japonica Thunb. 99 Lonicera japonica Thunb. ex Murray 7697298 Plantae plants 1984 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Lonicera japonica Thunb. ex Murray 1012 Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. 7902463 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. 1013 Lonicera morrowii Gray 5334275 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lonicera morrowii Gray 1014 Lonicera pileata Oliv. 5598915 Plantae plants 2004 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lonicera pileata Oliv. 1016 Lonicera pileata var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Bernd Schulz 7764700 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Lonicera nitida E.H. Wilson 1015 Lonicera sempervirens L. 5334239 Plantae plants 1952 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Lonicera sempervirens L. 1017 Lonicera tatarica L. 5334242 Plantae plants 1939 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Lonicera tatarica L. 1018 Lonicera ×italica Tausch 8325800 Plantae plants 1864 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Lonicera ×italica Tausch 1019 Lonicera ×purpusii Rehder 5598839 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lonicera ×purpusii Rehder 1020 Lopezia racemosa Cav. 7161168 Plantae plants 1978 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lopezia racemosa Cav. 1686 Lophocolea semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt. 6096602 harmonia terrestrial to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Lophocolea semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt. 100 Lotus angustissimus L. 5356931 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Lotus angustissimus L. 1295 Lotus conimbricensis Brot. 5356971 Plantae plants 1809 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Lotus conimbricensis Brot. 1296 Lotus maritimus L. 5356973 Plantae plants 1861 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Lotus maritimus L. 1298 Lotus tetragonolobus L. 5356862 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Lotus tetragonolobus L. 1299 Ludwigia grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter & Burdet 5421039 Plantae harmonia | t0 listed 1983 invasive freshwater S. America escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Ludwigia grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter & Burdet 101 | 9619 Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P. H. Raven 5420991 Plantae harmonia | t0 listed 1995 invasive freshwater S. America escape > to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P. H. Raven 102 | 9620 Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis (Spreng.) Raven 5545159 Plantae plants 1997 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis (Spreng.) Raven 1688 Lunaria annua L. 5373324 Plantae plants 1862 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Lunaria annua L. 942 Lupinus albus L. 2964167 Plantae plants 1983 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Lupinus albus L. 1300 Lupinus angustifolius L. 2964025 Plantae plants 1861 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Lupinus angustifolius L. 1301 Lupinus luteus L. 2963817 Plantae plants 1869 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Lupinus luteus L. 1302 Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. 2964355 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 under consideration 1882 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. 103 | 1303 | 9621 Luzula nivea (Nathh.) DC. 2700768 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Luzula nivea (Nathh.) DC. 1520 Lycium barbarum L. 2928835 Plantae plants 1857 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Lycium barbarum L. 2555 Lycium chinense Miller 2928809 Plantae plants 1946 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Lycium chinense Miller 2556 Lycopus exaltatus L.f. 5605751 Plantae plants 1855 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Lycopus exaltatus L.f. 1545 Lysichiton americanus Hultén & H.St.John 2869311 Plantae harmonia | t0 listed 2006 established terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Lysichiton americanus Hultén & H.St.John 104 | 9622 Lysichiton camtschatcensis (L.) Schott 2869301 Plantae t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Lysichiton camtschatcensis (L.) Schott 9623 Lysimachia ciliata L. 3169391 Plantae plants 1811 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Lysimachia ciliata L. 2275 Lysimachia punctata L. 3169340 Plantae plants 1847 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Lysimachia punctata L. 2278 Lythrum acutangulum Lag. 3989886 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Lythrum acutangulum Lag. 1605 Lythrum junceum Banks & Solander 3988701 Plantae plants 1926 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Lythrum junceum Banks & Solander 1606 Lythrum virgatum L. 3188735 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Lythrum virgatum L. 1607 Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. 5334194 Plantae plants 2001 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. 1755 Madia sativa Molina 3140910 Plantae plants 1941 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Madia sativa Molina 684 Maianthemum dilatatum (Alph.Wood) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. 2769435 Plantae plants 2013 unknown to be determined by experts Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Maianthemum dilatatum (Alph.Wood) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. 477 Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br. 7372514 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Malcolmia maritima (L.) R. Br. 943 Malope malacoides L. 7278926 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Malope malacoides L. 1619 Malope trifida Cav. 3935421 Plantae plants 1905 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present absent present absent Malope trifida Cav. 1620 Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. 3001362 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. 2379 Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder 3001650 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder 2380 Malus ×purpurea (Barbey) Rehder 3001270 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Malus ×purpurea (Barbey) Rehder 2382 Malva australiana M.F. Ray 3935002 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Malva preissiana Miq. 1625 Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Verloove & Lambinon 7823743 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Verloove & Lambinon 1622 Malva nicaeensis All. 3152367 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Malva nicaeensis All. 1623 Malva parviflora L. 3152378 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Malva parviflora L. 1624 Malva punctata (All.) Alef. 3940960 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Malva punctata (All.) Alef. 1627 Malva pusilla Sm. 3152372 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Malva pusilla Sm. 1628 Malva thuringiaca (L.) Vis. 3940423 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Malva thuringiaca (L.) Vis. 1630 Malva verticillata L. 3152377 Plantae plants 1858 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Malva verticillata L. 1633 Malva ×clementii (Cheek) Stace 8402586 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Malva ×clementii (Cheek) Stace 1634 Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. 3152264 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. 1635 Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke 3152268 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke 1636 Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. 3141571 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Microlonchus salmanticus (L.) DC. 690 Marenzelleria neglecta Sikorski & Bick, 2004 2321010 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1996 2008 established estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Marenzelleria neglecta Sikorski & Bick, 2004 166 | 9449 Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873) 2321012 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1996 1995 established | introduced estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873) 165 | 9450 Marrubium peregrinum L. 3905970 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Marrubium peregrinum L. 1546 Matricaria discoidea DC. 3103791 Plantae plants 1893 established to be determined by experts Asia | N. America unknown present present present present Matricaria discoidea DC. 685 Matthiola incana (Linnaeus) R. Brown 8207952 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Matthiola incana (Linnaeus) R. Brown 944 Mauranthemum paludosum (Poir.) Vogt & Oberpr. 3096529 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Mauranthemum paludosum (Poir.) Vogt & Oberpr. 687 Mazus pumilus (Burm. fil.) Steenis 3171304 Plantae plants 2014 unknown to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Mazus pumilus (Burm. fil.) Steenis 1646 Medicago carstiensis Wulfen 2965232 Plantae plants 1896 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Medicago carstiensis Wulfen 1304 Medicago doliata Carmign. 2965459 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Medicago doliata Carmign. 1305 Medicago fischeriana (Ser.) Trautv. 2965233 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Medicago fischeriana (Ser.) Trautv. 1306 Medicago intertexta subsp. ciliaris (L.) Ponert 2965409 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Medicago intertexta subsp. ciliaris (L.) Ponert 1307 Medicago intertexta subsp. intertexta 2965406 Plantae plants <1858 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Medicago intertexta subsp. intertexta 1308 Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. 2965221 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. 1309 Medicago littoralis Loisel. 2965485 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts stowaway > people and their luggage/equipment (in particular tourism) present present absent absent Medicago littoralis Loisel. 1310 Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. 2965434 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. 1313 Medicago murex Willd. 2965209 Plantae plants 1923 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Medicago murex Willd. 1314 Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. 2965299 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. 1315 Medicago polymorpha L. 2965531 Plantae plants 1813 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Medicago polymorpha L. 1316 Medicago praecox DC. 2965419 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Medicago praecox DC. 1317 Medicago rigidula (L.) All. 2965438 Plantae plants 1822 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Medicago rigidula (L.) All. 1318 Medicago sativa L. 2965324 Plantae plants 1856 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Medicago sativa L. 1319 Medicago sativa subsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang. 8316569 Plantae plants 1859 unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present present present Medicago varia Martyn 1324 Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. 2965397 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. 1320 Medicago tornata subsp. helix (Willd.) Ooststr. & Reichg. 2965254 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Medicago tornata subsp. helix (Willd.) Ooststr. & Reichg. 1321 Medicago truncatula Gaertn. 2965280 Plantae plants <1834 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Medicago truncatula Gaertn. 1322 Medicago turbinata (L.) All. 2965461 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Medicago turbinata (L.) All. 1323 Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) 5166489 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1997 1997 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably S. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) 212 | 9451 | 9452 | 9453 Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) 5166487 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1998 1998 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Africa | Indian Ocean | S. Pacific Ocean | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) 211 | 9454 | 9455 Melampodium montanum Benth. 3139003 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Melampodium montanum Benth. 688 Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth 3138953 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth 689 Melampyrum nemorosum L. 7331666 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > timber trade present present absent absent Melampyrum nemorosum L. 1731 Melia azedarach L. 5914287 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia | Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Melia azedarach L. 1649 Melica altissima L. 2703109 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Melica altissima L. 2062 Melilotus albus Medik. 2971095 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Melilotus albus Medik. 1325 Melilotus elegans Ser. 2971036 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Melilotus elegans Ser. 1326 Melilotus indicus (L.) All. 2971016 Plantae plants 1851 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Melilotus indicus (L.) All. 1328 Melilotus infestus Guss. 2971033 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Melilotus infestus Guss. 1327 Melilotus messanensis (L.) All. 2971107 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Melilotus messanensis (L.) All. 1329 Melilotus sulcatus Desf. 2971112 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Melilotus sulcatus Desf. 1331 Melilotus wolgicus Poir. 2971068 Plantae plants 1958 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Melilotus wolgicus Poir. 1332 Melissa officinalis L. 5341501 Plantae plants <1800 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Melissa officinalis L. 1547 Melita nitida S. I. Smith, 1873 2215949 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1996 1996 established marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Melita nitida S. I. Smith, 1873 187 | 9456 Menetus dilatatus Gould, 1841 5189713 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1998 established freshwater N. America corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Menetus dilatatus Gould, 1841 222 Mentha cervina L. 3902360 Plantae plants 2012 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Mentha cervina L. 1548 Mentha requienii Benth. 2927174 Plantae plants 2013 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Mentha requienii Benth. 1549 Mentha wirtgeniana F.W.Schultz 3893979 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Mentha smithiana R.A.Graham 1552 Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl. ex Hook. 7397079 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl. ex Hook. 1604 Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) 2287668 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1933 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) 233 | 9457 | 9458 Mesembryanthemum cordifolium L. fil. 8185812 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Mesembryanthemum cordifolium L. fil. 245 Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. 3084839 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present absent present absent Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. 246 Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. 3084837 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. 247 Mespilus germanica L. 3031774 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Mespilus germanica L. 2383 Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) 2399874 Animalia wrims 1998 established | introduced | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) 9459 | 9460 | 9461 Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 5211250 Animalia t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802 9624 Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802) 2394563 harmonia 1880 freshwater N. America to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802) 106 Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A.Camus 5289808 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A.Camus 9625 Milium vernale M.Bieb. 2706195 Plantae plants 1844 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Milium vernale M.Bieb. 2063 Mirabilis jalapa L. 3086240 Plantae plants <1858 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Mirabilis jalapa L. 1660 Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. 2706023 Plantae plants 1999 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook. f. 2064 Miscanthus sinensis Andersson 2706026 Plantae plants 1982 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Miscanthus sinensis Andersson 2065 Misopates calycinum (Vent.) Rothm. 8601617 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present absent present absent Misopates calycinum (Vent.) Rothm. 1819 Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 2501248 Animalia wrims 2007 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 9462 | 9463 | 9464 | 9465 Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don fil. 8338793 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don fil. 1637 Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) 2331498 Animalia wrims 1847 established | introduced | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) 9466 | 9467 | 9468 Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench 5289877 Plantae plants 2006 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea (Schrank) K. Richt. 2066 Mollugo verticillata L. 3084611 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Mollugo verticillata L. 1651 Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray 2888298 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America contaminant > contaminant on plants (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray 1215 Monocorophium sextonae (Crawford, 1937) 4314702 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1993 1993 established | to be determined by experts estuarine | marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Oceania | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Monocorophium sextonae (Crawford, 1937) 179 | 9469 | 9470 Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) 4410150 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2002 established freshwater Asia stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Monopylephorus limosus (Hatai, 1898) 172 Monsonia angustifolia E. Mey. ex A. Rich. 7926816 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Monsonia angustifolia E. Mey. ex A. Rich. 1459 Monsonia brevirostrata Knuth 3827967 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Monsonia brevirostrata Knuth 1460 Morus alba L. 5361889 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Morus alba L. 1658 Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. 2704038 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. 2068 Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby, 1839) 2440946 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed terrestrial Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby, 1839) 108 | 9626 Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker 2772174 Plantae plants 1975? established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Muscari armeniacum Leichtlin ex Baker 478 Muscari latifolium J.Kirk 2772082 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Muscari latifolium J.Kirk 479 Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 7791733 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims < 1700 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 216 | 9471 | 9472 | 9473 Myagrum perfoliatum L. 3047811 Plantae plants 1821 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Myagrum perfoliatum L. 946 Mycale micracanthoxea Buizer & van Soest, 1977 2242011 Animalia wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mycale micracanthoxea Buizer & van Soest, 1977 9474 Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782) 4264680 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 1975 invasive freshwater S. America escape > fur farms present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782) 110 | 9628 Myosotis alpestris subsp. alpestris 7295191 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Myosotis alpestris F. W. Schmidt 833 Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. 3612876 Plantae plants <1858 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. 2606 Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt 5361785 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1983 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vellozo) Verdcourt 111 | 1470 | 9629 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. 5361762 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 listed 1993 established | invasive freshwater | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | present | to be determined by experts Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. 112 | 1471 | 9630 Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. 3034681 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. 411 Mytilicola intestinalis Steuer, 1903 2110811 Animalia wrims 1950 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mytilicola intestinalis Steuer, 1903 9475 | 9476 Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) 2287076 Animalia wrims 1835 established | introduced | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) 9477 | 9478 | 9479 | 9480 Mytilopsis leucophaeta (Conrad, 1831) 8283653 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1835 established freshwater | estuarine N. America stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Mytilopsis leucophaeta (Conrad, 1831) 230 Narcissus hispanicus Gouan 2858384 Plantae plants 2014 | ? established | unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present | unknown present | unknown absent | unknown absent | unknown Narcissus obvallaris Salisb. | Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. major (Curtis) Baker 373 | 375 Narcissus incomparabilis Mill. 2859255 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture unknown unknown unknown unknown Narcissus incomparabilis Mill. 376 Narcissus poeticus L. 2858581 Plantae plants 1868 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Narcissus poeticus L. 374 Nassella filiculmis (Delile) Barkworth 5674110 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Nassella filiculmis (Delile) Barkworth 2069 Nassella formicarum (Delile) Barkworth 5289836 Plantae plants 1884 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present present absent Nassella formicarum (Delile) Barkworth 2070 Nassella hyalina (Nees) Barkworth 5674047 Plantae plants 1897 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Nassella hyalina (Nees) Barkworth 2071 Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth 5289831 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth 2072 Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth 5289833 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > horticulture present present present present Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth 2073 Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) 2433536 Animalia t0 listed present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) 9631 Navarretia squarrosa (Eschsch.) Hook. & Arn. 2927684 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Navarretia squarrosa (Eschsch.) Hook. & Arn. 2204 Neillia incisa (Thunb.) S.H.Oh 3853033 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Neillia incisa (Thunb.) S.H.Oh 2384 Neillia tanakae Franch. & Sav. 2987948 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Neillia tanakae Franch. & Sav. 2385 Nemophila menziesii var. integrifolia Brand 7536406 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Nemophila menziesii var. integrifolia Parish 834 Nemophila menziesii var. menziesii 6420901 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Nemophila menziesii var. menziesii 835 Nemopsis bachei L. Agassiz, 1849 2266561 Animalia wrims 1996 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Nemopsis bachei L. Agassiz, 1849 9481 | 9482 Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) 2379089 Animalia fishes | harmonia | wrims 2010 | 2012 2010 established freshwater | freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | Europe | Asia | to be determined by experts stowaway > ship/boat ballast water | to be determined by experts | unaided > natural dispersal across borders of invasive alien species that have been introduced through pathways 1 to 5 present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) 14 | 113 | 9483 Neosiphonia harveyi (Bailey) M.-S.Kim, H.-G.Choi, Guiry & G.W.Saunders, 2001 5277404 Plantae wrims 2000 established to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Neosiphonia harveyi (Bailey) M.-S.Kim, H.-G.Choi, Guiry & G.W.Saunders, 2001 9484 Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777) 2433652 Animalia harmonia | t0 freshwater | terrestrial N. America escape > fur farms absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Mustela vison Schreber, 1777 | Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777) 109 | 9627 Nepeta grandiflora M.Bieb. 5341498 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Nepeta grandiflora M.Bieb. 1553 Nepeta racemosa Lam. 5341497 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Nepeta racemosa Lam. 1554 Nepeta ×faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn 7350989 Plantae plants 1946 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Nepeta ×faassenii Bergmans ex Stearn 1555 Neslia paniculata subsp. paniculata 7225621 Plantae plants 1867 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Neslia paniculata subsp. paniculata 947 Neslia paniculata subsp. thracica (Velen.) Bornm. 3047147 Plantae plants 1866 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Neslia paniculata subsp. thracica (Velen.) Bornm. 948 Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertner 5341754 Plantae plants 1853 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertner 2557 Nicotiana alata Link & Otto 2928761 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Nicotiana alata Link & Otto 2558 Nicotiana forgetiana Hort. Sand. ex Hemsl. 2928779 Plantae plants 1932 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Nicotiana forgetiana Hort. Sand. ex Hemsl. 2559 Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham 2928783 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present absent absent Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham 2560 Nicotiana langsdorffii Weinm. 2928759 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Nicotiana langsdorffii Weinm. 2561 Nicotiana longiflora Cav. 2928766 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Nicotiana longiflora Cav. 2562 Nicotiana rustica L. 2928775 Plantae plants 1868 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Nicotiana rustica L. 2563 Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. 2928767 Plantae plants 1924 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Nicotiana sylvestris Speg. 2564 Nicotiana tabacum L. 2928774 Plantae plants 1930 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Nicotiana tabacum L. 2565 Nicotiana velutina Wheeler 3798835 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Nicotiana velutina Wheeler 2566 Nicotiana ×sanderae Sander ex W. Watson 3799170 Plantae plants 1931 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Nicotiana ×sanderae Sander ex W. Watson 2567 Nigella damascena L. 5371702 Plantae plants 1860 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Nigella damascena L. 2308 Nigella sativa L. 5371700 Plantae plants <1865 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Nigella sativa L. 2309 Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC. 2926042 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC. 836 Nonea pulla DC. 7294644 Plantae plants 1932 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent present absent Nonea pulla DC. 837 Nonea rosea (M. Bieb.) Link 2926041 Plantae plants 1828 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Nonea rosea (M. Bieb.) Link 838 Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. 3122323 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. 691 Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834) 2434552 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 2010 established terrestrial Asia to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834) 114 | 9632 Nymphaea ×marliacea Lat.-Marl. 7802465 Plantae plants ? established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Nymphaea ×marliacea Lat.-Marl. 1661 Ocimum basilicum L. 2927096 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent absent Ocimum basilicum L. 1556 Odontites jaubertiana (Boreau) D. Dietr. ex Walpers 7564934 Plantae plants 2003 unknown to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present absent absent Odontites jaubertiana (Boreau) D. Dietr. ex Walpers 1732 Odontites luteus (L.) Clairv. 7855120 Plantae plants 1977 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present absent absent Odontites luteus (L.) Clairv. 1733 Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. 5371889 Plantae plants 1859 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent present Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. 412 Oenothera L. 3188799 harmonia 1792 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Oenothera L. 115 Oenothera affinis Camb. 3188847 Plantae t0 present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Oenothera affinis Camb. 9633 Oenothera angustissima Gates 3188889 Plantae plants | t0 1860 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera angustissima Gates 1690 | 9634 Oenothera biennis L. 3188924 Plantae plants | t0 1792 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Oenothera biennis L. 1691 | 9636 Oenothera cambrica K. Rostanski 7322292 Plantae plants | t0 2001 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera cambrica K. Rostanski 1692 | 9638 Oenothera curtiflora W.L.Wagner & Hoch 3667406 Plantae plants | t0 1958 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera curtiflora W.L.Wagner & Hoch 1694 | 9640 Oenothera deflexa Gates 7322773 Plantae plants | t0 1915 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Oenothera deflexa Gates 1695 | 9641 Oenothera elata Kunth 3188829 Plantae plants | t0 1961 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera elata Kunth 1697 | 9643 Oenothera fallax Renner 7915783 Plantae plants | t0 1956 established to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera fallax Renner 1721 | 9651 Oenothera fruticosa subsp. glauca (Michx.) Straley 8637919 Plantae plants | t0 1998 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera fruticosa subsp. glauca (Michx.) Straley 1698 | 9644 Oenothera glazioviana M. Micheli 3188894 Plantae plants | t0 1868 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Oenothera glazioviana M. Micheli 1699 | 9645 Oenothera indecora Camb. 7322393 Plantae plants | t0 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera indecora Camb. 1700 | 9646 Oenothera issleri Renn. ex Rostanski 7322373 Plantae plants | t0 1955 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera issleri Renn. ex Rostanski 1722 | 9666 Oenothera laciniata Hill 3188867 Plantae plants | t0 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera laciniata Hill 1701 | 9647 Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 3664589 Plantae plants | t0 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 1702 | 9648 Oenothera nuda Renner ex Rostanski 3667628 Plantae plants | t0 1933 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera nuda Renner ex Rostanski 1703 | 9649 Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) S. Watson 3188884 Plantae plants | t0 1867 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) S. Watson 1704 | 9635 Oenothera oehlkersii A. Kappus 8153538 Plantae plants | t0 1884 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera oehlkersii A. Kappus 1705 | 9650 Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok 3667238 Plantae plants | t0 2001 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok 1706 | 9652 Oenothera parviflora L. 3188833 Plantae plants | t0 1884 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera parviflora L. 1707 | 9653 Oenothera perangusta Gates 7322738 Plantae plants | t0 1971 established to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera perangusta Gates 1708 | 9654 Oenothera perennis L. 3188838 Plantae plants | t0 1943 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera perennis L. 1709 | 9655 Oenothera pycnocarpa Atkinson & Bartlett 3188926 Plantae plants | t0 1992 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera pycnocarpa Atkinson & Bartlett 1710 | 9637 Oenothera rosea Aiton 3188875 Plantae plants | t0 <1835 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera rosea Aiton 1711 | 9656 Oenothera royfraseri R.R.Gates 3665940 Plantae plants | t0 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera royfraseri R.R.Gates 1712 | 9657 Oenothera rubricaulis Klebahn 7322529 Plantae plants | t0 1887 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera rubricaulis Klebahn 1713 | 9658 Oenothera rubricauloides Rostanski 3665817 Plantae plants | t0 2007 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera rubricauloides Rostanski 1715 | 9660 Oenothera speciosa Nutt. 3188859 Plantae plants | t0 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera speciosa Nutt. 1716 | 9661 Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link 3188830 Plantae plants | t0 1878 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link 1717 | 9662 Oenothera subterminalis R.R.Gates 3664677 Plantae plants | t0 1979 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera subterminalis R.R.Gates 1718 | 9663 Oenothera victorinii Gates & Catcheside 7322143 Plantae plants | t0 1992 unknown to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera victorinii Gates & Catcheside 1719 | 9664 Oenothera wratislaviensis Rostanski 3667721 Plantae plants | t0 2004 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oenothera wratislaviensis Rostanski 1720 | 9665 Omphalodes linifolia (L.) Moench 2926050 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present absent present absent Omphalodes linifolia (L.) Moench 839 Omphalodes verna Moench 2926048 Plantae plants 1821 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Omphalodes verna Moench 840 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) 5204019 Animalia fishes | harmonia | wrims 1884 1884 established freshwater | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > live food and live bait | release > fishery in the wild (including game fishing) | to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) 15 | 116 | 9487 Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) 5219858 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 1928 invasive freshwater N. America escape > fur farms present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) 117 | 9667 Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam. 2972703 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam. 1333 Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. 2972595 Plantae plants <1835 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. 1334 Onoclea sensibilis L. 2650903 Plantae plants 1831 unknown to be determined by experts Asia | N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Onoclea sensibilis L. 1723 Ononis alopecuroides L. 2977222 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Ononis alopecuroides L. 1335 Ononis natrix L. 2977234 Plantae plants 1881 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > timber trade present present present absent Ononis natrix L. 1336 Onopordum macracanthum Schousb. 3094899 Plantae plants 1973 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Onopordum macracanthum Schousb. 692 Onopordum tauricum Willd. 3094939 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Onopordum tauricum Willd. 693 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. 2705737 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania unknown present present absent absent Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. 2075 Orchestia cavimana Heller, 1865 2218567 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1927 1927 established | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Orchestia cavimana Heller, 1865 189 | 9488 | 9489 Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) 2227000 Animalia macroinvertebrates | t0 | wrims listed 1962 1977 established freshwater | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) 195 | 9490 | 9668 Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870) 2227064 Animalia t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870) 9669 Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) 4285694 Animalia fishes 1990 established freshwater Africa escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) 16 Orlaya platycarpos W. D. Koch 3638223 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Orlaya platycarpos W. D. Koch 413 Ornithogalum divergens Boreau 2773453 Plantae plants 1919 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Ornithogalum divergens Boreau 480 Ornithogalum narbonense L. 2772958 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Loncomelos narbonense (L.) Raf. 476 Ornithogalum nutans L. 2773281 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Honorius nutans (L.) Gray 470 Ornithogalum pyramidale L. 2772885 Plantae plants 1987 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Loncomelos brevistylum (Wolfner) Dostál 475 Ornithopus compressus L. 5358265 Plantae plants 1881 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Ornithopus compressus L. 1337 Ornithopus sativus Brot. 5358266 Plantae plants 1855 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Ornithopus sativus Brot. 1338 Orobanche amethystea Thuill. 7519710 Plantae plants 1984 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Orobanche amethystea Thuill. 1734 Orobanche flava Mart. ex F. W. Schultz 7332516 Plantae plants 1944 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present absent absent present Orobanche flava Mart. ex F. W. Schultz 1735 Orthilia secunda (L.) House 2888310 Plantae plants 1901 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America contaminant > contaminant on plants (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Orthilia secunda (L.) House 1216 Orthodontium lineare Schwaegrichen, 1827 2677047 harmonia 1945 terrestrial to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Orthodontium lineare Schwaegrichen, 1827 118 Ovis ammon (Linnaeus, 1758) 2441122 harmonia 1938 established terrestrial Europe to be determined by experts present absent present to be determined by experts Ovis ammon (Linnaeus, 1758) 119 Oxalis articulata Savigny 2891664 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Oxalis articulata Savigny 1738 Oxalis corniculata L. 8427624 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Oxalis corniculata L. 1739 Oxalis debilis Kunth 2891707 Plantae plants 1954 established to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Oxalis debilis Kunth 1740 Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 2891677 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 1741 Oxalis latifolia Kunth 2891755 Plantae plants 1979 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Oxalis latifolia Kunth 1742 Oxalis tetraphylla Cav. 7560711 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Oxalis tetraphylla Cav. 1744 Oxalis triangularis St.-Hil. 7428535 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Oxalis triangularis St.-Hil. 1745 Oxalis ×uittienii J.T.Jansen 3627235 Plantae plants 1973 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Oxalis ×uittienii J.T.Jansen 1746 Oxybasis macrosperma (Hook. f.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch 7846821 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Oxybasis macrosperma (Hook. f.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch 351 Oxychloris scariosa (F.Muell.) Lazarides 4108297 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Oxychloris scariosa (F.Muell.) Lazarides 2076 Oxyura jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) 2498305 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed freshwater N. America escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Oxyura jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) 120 | 9670 Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. 2984676 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. 972 Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) 2226990 Animalia macroinvertebrates | t0 listed 1986 established freshwater N. America escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) 192 | 9671 Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 3083486 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Paeonia lactiflora Pall. 1747 Paeonia officinalis L. 3083488 Plantae plants 1968 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent absent present Paeonia officinalis L. 1748 Palaemon macrodactylus M. J. Rathbun, 1902 2224970 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1998 | 2006 1999 established | introduced | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Asia | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Palaemon macrodactylus M. J. Rathbun, 1902 197 | 9491 | 9492 | 9493 | 9494 Paliurus spina-christi Miller 5372457 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Paliurus spina-christi Miller 2326 Panicum antidotale Retz. 2705141 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Panicum antidotale Retz. 2077 Panicum bulbosum Kunth 2705106 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Zuloagaea bulbosa (Kunth) Bess 2197 Panicum capillare L. 2705162 Plantae plants 1861 | 1922 established | introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Panicum capillare subsp. barbipulvinatum (Nash) Tzvelev | Panicum capillare subsp. capillare 2078 | 2079 Panicum clandestinum L. 2702544 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould 1946 Panicum coloratum L. 2705092 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Panicum coloratum L. 2082 Panicum decompositum R.Br. 4113402 Plantae plants 1905 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Panicum decompositum R.Br. 2083 Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. 2705144 Plantae plants 1881 | 1904 established | introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Panicum chloroticum Nees ex Trin. | Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. 2081 | 2084 Panicum hillmanii Chase 2705098 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Panicum capillare subsp. hillmanii (Chase) Freckmann & Lelong 2080 Panicum hirticaule J.Presl 2705066 Plantae plants 1969 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown present present absent absent Panicum hirticaule J.Presl 2085 Panicum laevinode Lindl. 4116709 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Panicum laevinode Lindl. 2086 Panicum miliaceum L. 2705090 Plantae plants 1996 | 2002 established | introduced to be determined by experts Asia | Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Panicum miliaceum subsp. agricola H.Scholz & Mikoláš | Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev 2087 | 2089 Panicum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum 6449041 Plantae plants 1868 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Panicum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum 2088 Panicum schinzii Hack. 4125308 Plantae plants 1887 established to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Panicum schinzii Hack. 2090 Panicum virgatum L. 2705081 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > horticulture present present present absent Panicum virgatum L. 2091 Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss. 7315072 Plantae plants 1986 established to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent present Papaver atlanticum (Ball) Coss. 1757 Papaver cambricum L. 3602683 Plantae plants 1953 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig. 1756 Papaver hybridum L. 2888446 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Papaver hybridum L. 1758 Papaver nudicaule L. 8144599 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Papaver nudicaule L. 1759 Papaver setiferum Goldblatt 8342911 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Papaver setiferum Goldblatt 1760 Papaver setigerum DC. 3602227 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Papaver somniferum subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcangeli 1761 Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb. 5290069 Plantae plants 1895 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb. 2092 Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel 3171818 Plantae plants 1902 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel 1737 Paronychia brasiliana DC. 7314281 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Paronychia brasiliana DC. 1052 Parthenium hysterophorus L. 3086784 Plantae plants | t0 listed 1999 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Parthenium hysterophorus L. 695 | 9672 Parthenocissus Planch. 3039188 harmonia 1880 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Parthenocissus Planch. 121 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon 3039194 Plantae plants | t0 2001 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon 2638 | 9674 Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planchon 3039209 Plantae plants | t0 1939 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planchon 2639 | 9675 Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchc. 3039193 Plantae plants | t0 1880 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kerner) Fritsch 2637 | 9673 Paspalum dilatatum Poir. 2705565 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts S. America unknown present present absent absent Paspalum dilatatum Poir. 2093 Paspalum distichum L. 2705622 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania unknown present present absent absent Paspalum distichum L. 2094 Paspalum paniculatum L. 2705587 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Paspalum paniculatum L. 2096 Passiflora caerulea L. 2874199 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Passiflora caerulea L. 1766 Passiflora edulis Sims 2874190 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > live food and live bait present present present absent Passiflora edulis Sims 1767 Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa 7224157 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa 414 Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. 3170823 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. 1768 Pelargonium capitatum 2891613 Plantae plants 1980 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pelargonium capitatum (L.) Aiton 1461 Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) 2426661 harmonia 1975 invasive freshwater Europe | Asia escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) 122 Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. 2706156 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. 2097 Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. 2706137 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. 2098 Pennisetum petiolare (Hochst.) Chiov. 2706130 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Pennisetum petiolare (Hochst.) Chiov. 2099 Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. 2706134 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. 9676 Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) L. H. Bailey 2926130 Plantae plants 1836 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Pentaglottis sempervirens (L.) L. H. Bailey 841 Pentameris airoides (Nees) Steud. 4146851 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Pentaschistis airoides (Nees) Stapf 2100 Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 2390064 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed freshwater | estuarine Asia escape > to be determined by experts | release > to be determined by experts absent absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 123 | 9677 Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton 5341394 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton 1558 Periploca graeca L. 5414545 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Periploca graeca L. 432 Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. 3889083 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. 1559 Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. 3889056 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. 1560 Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross 2889304 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross 2219 Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross 4034001 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross 2220 Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach 2889229 Plantae plants 1873 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach 2221 Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. Gómez 8263906 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) G. Maza 2222 Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. 7749287 Plantae plants 1862 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. 696 Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. 3088310 Plantae plants 1989 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. 697 Petasites pyrenaicus (L.) G.López 3088282 Plantae plants 1867 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Petasites pyrenaicus (L.) G.López 698 Petricolaria pholadiformis (Lamarck, 1818) 2287615 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1899 1899 established | to be determined by experts marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck, 1818 | Petricolaria pholadiformis (Lamarck, 1818) 232 | 9495 | 9496 | 9497 Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Bumat) P. W. Ball & Heywood 8693157 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present absent absent Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P. W. Ball & Heywood 1053 Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link 3085623 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent present Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link 1054 Petrosedum sediforme (Jacq.) V. Grulich 4201784 Plantae plants 2013 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present absent Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau 1135 Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill 8193935 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill 416 Petunia integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell. 2928861 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Petunia integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell. 2568 Petunia ×punctata Paxton 3802845 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Petunia ×punctata Paxton 2570 Phacelia purshii Buckl. 2928153 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Phacelia purshii Buckl. 842 Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. 2928226 Plantae plants 1884 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. 843 Phalaris angusta Nees ex Trin. 5289753 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Phalaris angusta Nees ex Trin. 2101 Phalaris aquatica L. 5289746 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Phalaris aquatica L. 2102 Phalaris arundinacea L. 5289756 Plantae plants 1861 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Phalaris arundinacea var. picta L. 2103 Phalaris brachystachys Link 5289745 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Phalaris brachystachys Link 2104 Phalaris canariensis L. 5289744 Plantae plants 1847 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Phalaris canariensis L. 2105 Phalaris coerulescens Desf. 5289751 Plantae plants <1950 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent absent present Phalaris coerulescens Desf. 2106 Phalaris minor Retz. 5289752 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Phalaris minor Retz. 2107 Phalaris paradoxa L. 5289758 Plantae plants 1893 | <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Phalaris paradoxa var. paradoxa | Phalaris paradoxa var. praemorsa (Lam.) Coss. & Durieu 2108 | 2109 Phalaris platensis Henrard ex Heukels 8420312 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Phalaris platensis Henrard ex Heukels 2110 Phaseolus coccineus L. 5350466 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Phaseolus coccineus L. 1339 Phaseolus vulgaris L. 5350452 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent absent Phaseolus vulgaris L. 1340 Phedimus aizoon 8603974 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sedum aizoon L. 1125 Phedimus spurius 4201607 Plantae plants 1866 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Sedum spurium Bieb. 1136 Phedimus stoloniferus 4201585 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sedum stoloniferum S. G. Gmel. 1137 Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel 3728894 Plantae plants 1792 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Orobanche ramosa L. 1736 Philadelphus coronarius L. 2986045 Plantae plants 1949 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Philadelphus coronarius L. 1475 Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. 2986022 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. 1476 Philadelphus ×virginalis Rehder 3645346 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Philadelphus ×virginalis Rehder 1477 Phleum echinatum Host 4139894 Plantae plants 1923 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Phleum echinatum Host 2111 Phleum exaratum Griseb. 4139846 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Phleum exaratum Griseb. 2112 Phleum hirsutum Honck. 4139625 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Phleum hirsutum Honck. 2113 Phleum paniculatum Huds. 2706002 Plantae plants 1905 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Phleum paniculatum Huds. 2114 Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. 2706003 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. 2115 Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Lag. ex Benth. 3886505 Plantae plants 2008 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Phlomis russeliana (Sims) Lag. ex Benth. 1561 Phlox maculata L. 2927783 Plantae plants 1943 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Phlox maculata L. 2205 Phlox paniculata L. 2927744 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Phlox paniculata L. 2206 Phlox subulata L. 2927727 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Phlox subulata L. 2207 Phoenix dactylifera L. 6109699 Plantae plants 1945 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia escape > live food and live bait present present present present Phoenix dactylifera L. 458 Pholiurus pannonicus (Host) Trin. 4138669 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Pholiurus pannonicus (Host) Trin. 2116 Photinia beauverdiana C.K. Schneid. 5363891 Plantae plants <1999 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Photinia beauverdiana var. notabilis (C. K. Schneider) Rehd. & E. H. Wilson 2386 Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) K.R. Robertson & Phipps 5363674 Plantae plants 1956 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott 2335 Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC. 5363819 Plantae plants 2009 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC. 2387 Phuopsis stylosa (Trin.) G.Nicholson 7671397 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Phuopsis stylosa (Trin.) Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks. 2465 Phyla nodiflora var. minor (Gillies & Hook.) N.O'Leary & Múlgura 7455425 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Phyla nodiflora var. minor (Gillies & Hook.) N.O'Leary & Múlgura 2627 Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. 5381097 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. 1775 Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc. 2705978 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc. 2117 Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Masters) Makino 5829065 Plantae plants 1811 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Masters) Makino 2571 Physalis angulata L. 5341792 Plantae plants 1961 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Physalis angulata var. angulata 2572 Physalis cinerascens A. S. Hitchcock 5341768 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Physalis cinerascens A. S. Hitchcock 2574 Physalis grisea (Waterf.) Mahinda Martínez 5341797 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > live food and live bait present present present absent Physalis grisea (Waterf.) Mahinda Martínez 2575 Physalis peruviana L. 5341784 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > live food and live bait present present present present Physalis peruviana L. 2579 Physalis philadelphica Lam. 5341801 Plantae plants 1976 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Physalis philadelphica Lam. 2580 Physalis pubescens L. 5341819 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Physalis pubescens L. 2581 Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) 5189806 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1869 established freshwater N. America unknown present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) 224 Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. 2988354 Plantae plants 1941 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. 2388 Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. 2926572 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. 1562 Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. 3084022 Plantae plants 1960 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. 1776 Phytolacca americana L. 3084015 Plantae harmonia | plants 1958 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts absent | present absent | present absent | present absent Phytolacca americana L. 125 | 1777 Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. 5284884 Plantae plants 1951 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present unknown Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. 1783 Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk. 5284950 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Picea omorika (Pancic) Purk. 1784 Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière 5284827 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière 1785 Pilea hyalina Fenzl 7300922 Plantae plants 1980 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Pilea hyalina Fenzl 2618 Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. 5361841 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present absent absent Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. 2619 Pilea peperomioides Diels 5669632 Plantae plants 1985? introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pilea peperomioides Diels 2620 Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 3122924 Plantae plants 1910 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 699 Pilosella brachiata (DC.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 3122897 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown Pilosella brachiata (DC.) F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 704 Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) P.D.Sell & C.West 3123663 Plantae plants <1850 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Pilosella caespitosa (Dumort.) P.D.Sell & C.West 701 Pilosella flagellaris (Willd.) Arv.-Touv. 3123262 Plantae plants 1999 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present absent present absent Pilosella flagellaris (Willd.) P.D.Sell & C.West 702 Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják 8288930 Plantae plants 1867 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják 703 Pilosella piloselloides subsp. bauhini (Schult.) S.Bräut. & Greuter 8111836 Plantae plants 1909 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Pilosella bauhini Arv.-Touv. 700 Pilosella prussica (Nägeli & Peter) Soják 3123636 Plantae plants 2003 unknown to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Pilosella prussica (Nägeli & Peter) Soják 707 Pilosella visianii F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. 3123683 Plantae plants 1979? introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Pilosella florentoides (Arv.-Touv.) P.D.Sell & C.West 706 Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820 2367742 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1986 1984 established | invasive freshwater N. America | to be determined by experts escape > live food and live bait | release > fishery in the wild (including game fishing) | release > to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820 17 | 126 Pimpinella anisum L. 8080300 Plantae plants 1928 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent present Pimpinella anisum L. 417 Pimpinella peregrina L. 5538946 Plantae plants 2000 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Pimpinella peregrina L. 418 Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poir.) Maire 5825913 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poir.) Maire 1787 Pinus nigra subsp. nigra 7230699 Plantae harmonia | plants 1974 introduced terrestrial | to be determined by experts Europe | Europe | Asia escape > horticulture | to be determined by experts present present absent | present absent | present Pinus nigra subsp. nigra 127 | 1786 Pinus pinaster Aiton 5285565 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present unknown unknown Pinus pinaster Aiton 1788 Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson 5285053 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson 1789 Pinus rigida Mill. 5285635 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture unknown unknown unknown unknown Pinus rigida Mill. 1790 Pinus strobus L. 5284982 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pinus strobus L. 1791 Pinus sylvestris L. 5285637 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present unknown Pinus sylvestris L. 1792 Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. 5285074 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. 1793 Pistia stratiotes L. 2870583 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pistia stratiotes L. 444 Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir. 7393432 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir. 1341 Pisum sativum var. sativum 5347854 Plantae plants 1869 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Pisum sativum var. sativum 1342 Plantago afra L. 7303104 Plantae plants 1884 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Plantago afra L. 1820 Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. 3189762 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. 1821 Plantago heterophylla Nutt. 3189760 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Plantago heterophylla Nutt. 1822 Plantago lagopus L. 8022932 Plantae plants 1978 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Plantago lagopus L. 1823 Plantago loeflingii L. 7727786 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Plantago loeflingii L. 1824 Plantago myosuros Lam. 7303024 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Plantago myosuros Lam. 1825 Plantago ovata Forsskal 3189723 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Plantago ovata Forsskal 1826 Platanus orientalis L. 3152816 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Platanus orientalis L. 1838 Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. 3164340 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. 992 Pleioblastus argenteostriatus (Regel) Nakai 4132188 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pleioblastus pumilus (Mitford) Nakai 2120 Poa alpina L. 2704234 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Poa alpina L. 2121 Poa sieberiana Spreng. 4110879 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Poa sieberiana Spreng. 2122 Podolepis auriculata DC. 3100344 Plantae plants 1899 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Podolepis auriculata DC. 708 Polemonium caeruleum L. 2927850 Plantae harmonia | plants 1864 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture | to be determined by experts present absent | present present present | to be determined by experts Polemonium caeruleum L. 128 | 2208 Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. 3085381 Plantae plants 1844 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | stowaway present present present present Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. 1055 Polycnemum arvense L. 3083603 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Polycnemum arvense L. 352 Polygonatum hybridum Brügger 7881150 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Polygonatum hybridum Brügger 481 Polygonum achoreum Blake 5334386 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Polygonum achoreum Blake 2223 Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum (Loisel.) Thell. 8336551 Plantae plants 1943 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Polygonum arenarium subsp. pulchellum (Loisel.) D. A. Webb & Chater 2224 Polygonum argyrocoleum Steud. ex G. Kunze 7510471 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Polygonum argyrocoleum Steud. ex G. Kunze 2225 Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum (Boreau) Berher 5652131 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum (Boreau) Berher 2226 Polygonum bellardii All. 5334430 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Polygonum bellardii All. 2227 Polygonum patulum M. Bieb. 5334439 Plantae plants 1915 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Polygonum patulum M. Bieb. 2228 Polygonum plebejum R. Br. 7291824 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Polygonum plebejum R. Br. 2229 Polypodium hesperium Maxon 5274964 Plantae plants 1980 unknown to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Polypodium hesperium Maxon 2261 Polypogon chilensis (Kunth) Pilg. 5679952 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Polypogon chilensis (Kunth) Pilg. 2123 Polypogon elongatus Kunth 5289911 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Polypogon elongatus Kunth 2124 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. 5289912 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. 2125 Polypogon imberbis (Phil.) Johow 4154206 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Polypogon rioplatensis Herter 2128 Polypogon maritimus Willd. 5289913 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Polypogon maritimus Willd. 2126 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 5289917 Plantae plants <1836 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 2127 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. 5289919 Plantae plants 1894 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts stowaway present present present absent Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. 2129 Polysiphonia senticulosa Harvey, 1862 5277987 Plantae wrims 2001 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Polysiphonia senticulosa Harvey, 1862 9499 | 9500 Polystichum luctuosum (Kze.) T. Moore 4046493 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Polystichum tsus-simense (Hook.) J. Sm. 1194 Pontederia cordata L. 2766030 Plantae plants | t0 1985 unknown to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Pontederia cordata L. 2263 | 9679 Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) 8694685 Animalia fishes 2012 established freshwater Europe stowaway > ship/boat ballast water | unaided > natural dispersal across borders of invasive alien species that have been introduced through pathways 1 to 5 present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) 18 Populus alba L. 3040233 Plantae plants 1955? established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Populus alba L. 2471 Populus balsamifera Linnaeus 3040184 Plantae plants <1999 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent present Populus balsamifera Linnaeus 2472 Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) Brayshaw 8694725 Plantae plants 1994 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ex Hooker 2475 Populus canadensis Moench 8190077 Plantae plants 1973 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Populus canadensis Moench 2476 Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. 3040185 Plantae plants ? established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. 2477 Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall 3040232 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall 2473 Populus nigra var. italica (Moench.) Koehne 7358677 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Populus nigra var. italica Münchh. 2474 Portulaca cypria Danin 4021920 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present absent Portulaca cypria Danin 2264 Portulaca grandiflora Hook. 3084700 Plantae plants 1929 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Portulaca grandiflora Hook. 2265 Portulaca granulatostellulata (Poelln.) C. Ricceri & P.V.Arrigoni 4023278 Plantae plants 1865 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Portulaca granulatostellulata (Poelln.) C. Ricceri & P.V.Arrigoni 2266 Portulaca nitida (Danin & H.G. Baker) C. Ricceri & P.V. Arrigoni 4022617 Plantae plants 1989 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present present absent Portulaca nitida (Danin & H.G. Baker) C. Ricceri & P.V. Arrigoni 2267 Portulaca oleracea L. 3084719 Plantae plants 1866 established to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Portulaca oleracea L. 2268 Portulaca sativa Haw. 4021919 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Portulaca sativa Haw. 2270 Portulaca trituberculata Danin, Domina & Raimondo 4023424 Plantae plants 1865 introduced to be determined by experts unknown unknown present present present absent Portulaca trituberculata Danin, Domina & Raimondo 2271 Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843) 5192470 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1927 1927 established | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Oceania | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843) 220 | 9501 | 9502 | 9503 Potamothrix vejdovskyi (Hrab, 1941) 2308605 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2009 established freshwater Europe stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Potamothrix vejdovskyi (Hrab, 1941) 173 Potentilla inclinata Vill. 5365888 Plantae plants 1931? established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Potentilla inclinata Vill. 2389 Potentilla intermedia L. 5365705 Plantae plants ? established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Potentilla intermedia L. 2391 Potentilla montana Brot. 5366327 Plantae plants 1955 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Potentilla montana Brot. 2392 Potentilla nepalensis Hook. 5367214 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Potentilla nepalensis Hook. 2393 Potentilla norvegica L. 5365305 Plantae plants <1899 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Potentilla norvegica L. 2394 Potentilla recta subsp. obscura (Willd.) Arcang. 8358048 Plantae plants 2011 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Potentilla recta subsp. obscura (Willd.) Arcang. 2395 Potentilla recta subsp. recta 7272439 Plantae plants 1824 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Potentilla recta subsp. recta 2396 Potentilla rivalis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 5367186 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Potentilla rivalis Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray 2397 Potentilla semiargentea Borbás 5368010 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown Potentilla semiargentea Borbás 2398 Prenanthes purpurea L. 3090783 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Prenanthes purpurea L. 709 Primula florindae Kingdon-Ward 5640518 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Primula florindae Kingdon-Ward 2279 Proasellus coxalis (Dollfus, 1892) 2205951 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1998 1998 established freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably Europe | to be determined by experts corridor > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Proasellus coxalis (Dollfus, 1892) 202 | 9504 Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) 2227300 Animalia harmonia | macroinvertebrates | t0 | wrims listed 1980 2008 established | introduced freshwater | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) 129 | 194 | 9505 | 9506 | 9680 Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) 2227309 Animalia t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) 9681 Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) 5218786 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 1986 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts | release > to be determined by experts present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) 130 | 9682 Prokelisia marginata (Van Duzee, 1897) 2053954 Animalia wrims 2011 established to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Prokelisia marginata (Van Duzee, 1897) 9507 Proterorhinus semilunaris (Heckel, 1837) 2379245 Animalia fishes 2010 established freshwater Europe unaided > natural dispersal across borders of invasive alien species that have been introduced through pathways 1 to 5 present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Proterorhinus semilunaris (Heckel, 1837) 19 Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. 3021730 Plantae plants 1958 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. 2399 Prunus domestica subsp. domestica 6369140 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present present Prunus domestica subsp. domestica 2401 Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens 7409013 Plantae plants 1943 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens 2402 Prunus fruticans Weihe 3022203 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture unknown unknown unknown unknown Prunus fruticans Weihe 2408 Prunus laurocerasus L. 3021496 Plantae harmonia | plants 1994 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia | Europe | Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts Prunus laurocerasus L. 131 | 2403 Prunus lusitanica L. 3020871 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Prunus lusitanica L. 2404 Prunus persica (L.) Stokes 8149923 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Prunus persica (L.) Batsch 2405 Prunus serotina Ehrh. 3021850 Plantae harmonia | plants 1890 | 1904 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > forestry (including afforestation or reforestation) | escape > horticulture present present present present Prunus serotina Ehrh. 132 | 2406 Psephellus dealbatus (Willd.) Boiss. 7838007 Plantae plants 1944 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Psephellus dealbatus (Willd.) K.Koch 710 Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 2114769 Animalia wrims 2010 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 9508 | 9509 Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén 7315063 Plantae plants 1905 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén 1763 Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. 2888513 Plantae plants 1824 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. 1764 Pseudognaphalium undulatum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt 3100968 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Pseudognaphalium undulatum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt 711 Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 2362868 Animalia fishes | harmonia | t0 listed 1989 1992 established | invasive freshwater Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > live food and live bait | release > to be determined by experts | stowaway > angling/fishing equipment present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 20 | 133 | 9683 Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino 2706209 Plantae plants 1955 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino 2130 Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco 2685796 Plantae harmonia | plants 2002? established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present absent | to be determined by experts Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco 134 | 1794 Pseudoturritis turrita (L.) Al-Shehbaz 3042086 Plantae plants 1862 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present absent Pseudoturritis turrita (L.) Al-Shehbaz 950 Psiloteredo megotara (Hanley in Forbes & Hanley, 1848) 2288859 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims <1600 established | introduced | to be determined by experts | unknown marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts | unknown stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Psiloteredo megotara (Hanley in Forbes & Hanley, 1848) 218 | 9510 | 9511 | 9512 Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) 2479226 harmonia 1966 invasive terrestrial Africa | Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present present present Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) 135 Ptelea trifoliata L. 3190411 Plantae plants 1959 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Ptelea trifoliata L. 2468 Pteris cretica L. 5275404 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pteris cretica L. 2284 Pteris multifida Poir. 5275415 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pteris multifida Poir. 2285 Pterocarya ×rehderiana C.K.Schneid. 4205304 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent present Pterocarya ×rehderiana C.K.Schneid. 1508 Pterostyrax hispidus Sieb. & Zucc. 3646556 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Pterostyrax hispidus Sieb. & Zucc. 2605 Ptilotus spicatus F.Muell. ex Benth. 7323632 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Ptilotus spicatus F.Muell. ex Benth. 353 Puccinellia stricta (Hook.f.) Blom 4146512 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Puccinellia stricta (Hook.f.) Blom 2131 Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. 2977636 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. 9684 Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep 2977647 Plantae t0 listed absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep 96841 Pulicaria arabica subsp. arabica 7222801 Plantae plants 1898 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Pulicaria arabica subsp. arabica 712 Pulicaria arabica subsp. hispanica (Boiss.) Murb. 6076957 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Pulicaria arabica subsp. hispanica (Boiss.) Murb. 713 Pulmonaria longifolia (T. Bastard) Boreau 7294681 Plantae plants 1955 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Pulmonaria longifolia (T. Bastard) Boreau 844 Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. 7958783 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem. 845 Pulmonaria officinalis L. 5341204 Plantae plants 1792 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Pulmonaria officinalis L. 846 Pulmonaria rubra Schott 5660450 Plantae plants 2015 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Pulmonaria rubra Schott 847 Pulmonaria saccharata Miller 5341203 Plantae plants <1850 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Pulmonaria saccharata Miller 848 Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer 2988188 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer 2409 Pyrus communis subsp. communis 7271631 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Pyrus communis subsp. communis 2410 Quercus cerris L. 2880580 Plantae plants 1961 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Quercus cerris L. 1425 Quercus frainetto Ten. 2879504 Plantae plants 1988 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Quercus frainetto Ten. 1426 Quercus ilex L. 2879098 Plantae plants <2011 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Quercus ilex L. 1427 Quercus palustris Münchh. 8313153 Plantae plants 2006? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Quercus palustris Münchh. 1428 Quercus rubra L. 2880539 Plantae harmonia | plants 1950 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Quercus rubra L. 136 | 1429 Quistradrilus multisetosus Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966 2308421 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1996 established freshwater N. America stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Quistradrilus multisetosus Brinkhurst & Cook, 1966 175 Rangia cuneata (Sowerby I, 1832) 5188971 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 2000 | 2005 2004 established | introduced | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Rangia cuneata (Sowerby I, 1832) 231 | 9513 | 9514 | 9515 Ranunculus gramineus L. 3927790 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Ranunculus gramineus L. 2310 Ranunculus lanuginosus L. 7826351 Plantae plants <1800 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Ranunculus lanuginosus L. 2311 Ranunculus marginatus Dum.-Urville 3033396 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ranunculus marginatus Dum.-Urville 2312 Ranunculus muricatus L. 3033318 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ranunculus muricatus L. 2313 Ranunculus parviflorus L. 3033434 Plantae plants <1868 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Ranunculus parviflorus L. 2314 Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. fil. 7823272 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. fil. 2315 Ranunculus trilobus Desf. 3033460 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Ranunculus trilobus Desf. 2316 Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 4363583 Animalia t0 | wrims 2005 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) 9516 | 9517 | 9685 Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens 3040999 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens 951 Raphanus sativus L. 7678610 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Raphanus sativus L. 952 Rapistrum perenne (L.) All. 5373365 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Rapistrum perenne (L.) All. 953 Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. 5373368 Plantae plants 1888 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. 954 Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) 2439261 harmonia 1730 established freshwater Asia to be determined by experts present present present present Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) 138 Reseda alba L. 3040254 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Reseda alba L. 2321 Reseda lutea subsp. vivantii (P. Monts.) Rovira 7853188 Plantae plants 1898 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Reseda lutea subsp. vivantii (P. Monts.) Rovira 2322 Reseda odorata L. 3040255 Plantae plants 1870 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present present Reseda odorata L. 2323 Reseda phyteuma L. 3040253 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Reseda phyteuma L. 2324 Reynoutria bohemica J. Chrtek & A. Chrtková 4038485 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 under preparation 1924 | 1954 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia | unknown escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Fallopia bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtková) J.P. Bailey | Reynoutria bohemica J. Chrtek & A. Chrtková 80 | 2233 | 9600 Reynoutria japonica Houtt. 2889173 Plantae harmonia | plants 1882 | 1888 | 1981 established | invasive | unknown terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present absent | present absent | present Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene | Reynoutria compacta (Hook. fil.) Nakai | Reynoutria japonica Houtt. 77 | 2230 | 2231 Reynoutria sachalinensis (Friedrich Schmidt Petrop.) Nakai 2889088 Plantae harmonia | plants 1924 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present present present Fallopia sachalinensis (Friedrich Schmidt Petrop.) Ronse Decraene | Reynoutria sachalinensis (Friedrich Schmidt Petrop.) Nakai 78 | 79 | 2232 Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. 5399550 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. 714 Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo 3142208 Plantae plants 1956 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo 715 Rheum rhabarbarum L. 2888867 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rheum rhabarbarum L. 2234 Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) 2227663 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1985 | 1991 1991 established | introduced | to be determined by experts freshwater | estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) 196 | 9518 | 9519 | 9520 | 9521 Rhodanthe floribunda (DC.) Paul G.Wilson 3137629 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Helipterum floribundum A.Cunn. ex DC. 662 Rhodanthe stricta (Lindl.) Paul G.Wilson 3137686 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Helipterum strictum (Lindl.) Benth. 663 Rhododendron luteum Sweet 7135755 Plantae plants 1963 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Rhododendron luteum Sweet 1217 Rhododendron ponticum L. 7327990 Plantae harmonia | plants 1920 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Rhododendron ponticum L. 139 | 1218 Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino 3032442 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino 2411 Rhus pulvinata Greene 3190551 Plantae plants 1983 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Rhus pulvinata Greene 380 Rhus typhina L. 3190538 Plantae harmonia | plants 1898 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present absent | present Rhus typhina L. 140 | 379 Ribes alpinum L. 2986184 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Ribes alpinum L. 1464 Ribes divaricatum Dougl. 2986132 Plantae plants 2010 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Ribes divaricatum Dougl. 1465 Ribes sanguineum Pursh 2986130 Plantae plants 1942 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Ribes sanguineum Pursh 1467 Ribes spicatum E. Robson 2986129 Plantae plants 1874 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ribes spicatum E. Robson 1468 Ribes ×nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer 4194699 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Ribes ×nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer 1469 Ricinus communis L. 5380041 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present present present Ricinus communis L. 1245 Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris 3640194 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris 419 Robinia pseudoacacia L. 5352251 Plantae harmonia | plants 1856 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Robinia pseudoacacia L. 141 | 1343 Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin 7339492 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin 2517 Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. 7315023 Plantae plants 1927 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. 1765 Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser 3053406 Plantae plants 1893 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser 955 Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb. 8677936 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Rorippa stylosa (Pers.) Mansf. & Rothm. 956 Rosa blanda Aiton 3002372 Plantae plants 1861 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Rosa blanda Aiton 2412 Rosa chinensis Jacquin 3005039 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rosa chinensis Jacquin 2413 Rosa glauca Pourret 3003709 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rosa glauca Pourret 2415 Rosa majalis J. Herrmann 3002263 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Rosa majalis J. Herrmann 2417 Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. 7501634 Plantae plants 1966 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. 2418 Rosa pendulina L. 3006974 Plantae plants <1827 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Rosa pendulina L. 2419 Rosa rugosa Thunb. 3003979 Plantae harmonia | plants 1934 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Rosa rugosa Thunb. 142 | 2420 Rosa virginiana J. Herrmann 7882646 Plantae plants 2002 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rosa virginiana J. Herrmann 2421 Rosmarinus officinalis L. 2926634 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Rosmarinus officinalis L. 1563 Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev 5289906 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev 2132 Rostraria festucoides (Link) Romero Zarco 5678081 Plantae plants 1986 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts stowaway present present absent absent Trisetaria michelii (Savi) D.Heller 2173 Rubia tinctorum L. 2892272 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rubia tinctorum L. 2466 Rubrivena polystachya (Wall.) M. Král 4037343 Plantae plants 1898 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Rubrivena polystachya (Wall. ex Meisn.) M. Král 2235 Rubus armeniacus Focke 2996525 Plantae plants 2002 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Rubus armeniacus Focke 2422 Rubus cockburnianus Hemsl. 2994120 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rubus cockburnianus Hemsl. 2423 Rubus laciniatus (Weston) Willd. 2992543 Plantae plants 1948 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Rubus laciniatus (Weston) Willd. 2424 Rubus odoratus L. 2994912 Plantae plants 1947 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Rubus odoratus L. 2425 Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 2989557 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 2426 Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. 2995149 Plantae plants 1950 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. 2427 Rubus spectabilis Pursh 2993761 Plantae plants 1941 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent present Rubus spectabilis Pursh 2428 Rubus tricolor Focke 2989222 Plantae plants 2002 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rubus tricolor Focke 2429 Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl 4255472 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent absent present Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl 716 Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton 3114249 Plantae plants 1928 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton 717 Rudbeckia hirta L. 3114225 Plantae plants 1926 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Rudbeckia hirta L. 718 Rudbeckia laciniata L. 3114229 Plantae harmonia | plants 1849 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present absent | present Rudbeckia laciniata L. 143 | 719 Rumex alpinus L. 2888948 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Rumex alpinus L. 2236 Rumex altissimus Wood 2889030 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Rumex altissimus Wood 2237 Rumex brownii Campd. 2888945 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Rumex brownii Campd. 2238 Rumex bucephalophorus L. 2888993 Plantae plants 1928 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Rumex bucephalophorus L. 2239 Rumex confertus Willd. 2888943 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rumex confertus Willd. 2240 Rumex confusus Simonkai 2889024 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Rumex confusus Simonkai 2257 Rumex crispus subsp. robustus (Rech.) L.O. Pestova 4035024 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Rumex crispus subsp. robustus (Rech.) L.O. Pestova 2241 Rumex cristatus DC. 2889010 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Rumex cristatus DC. 2242 Rumex cristatus subsp. kerneri (Borbás) J.R. Akeroyd & D.A. Webb 4034971 Plantae plants 2011 unknown to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Rumex kerneri Borbás 2245 Rumex dentatus L. 2889038 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Rumex dentatus L. 2243 Rumex longifolius DC. 2888946 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Rumex longifolius DC. 2246 Rumex obovatus Danser 2888987 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Rumex obovatus Danser 2247 Rumex obtusifolius subsp. sylvestris (Wallr.) Celak. 7901010 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Rumex obtusifolius subsp. sylvestris (Wallr.) Celak. 2248 Rumex patientia L. 2889019 Plantae plants 1866 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Rumex patientia L. 2249 Rumex pseudonatronatus (Borb.) Borb. ex Murb. 7911993 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Rumex pseudonatronatus (Borb.) Borb. ex Murb. 2250 Rumex pulcher subsp. pulcher 4036957 Plantae plants 1903 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Rumex pulcher subsp. pulcher 2251 Rumex pulcher subsp. woodsii (De Not.) Arcangeli 7415922 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Rumex pulcher subsp. woodsii (De Not.) Arcangeli 2252 Rumex rugosus Campd. 2889037 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Rumex rugosus Campd. 2253 Rumex salicifolius Weinm. 2888990 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Rumex salicifolius Weinm. 2254 Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. 2889023 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. 2255 Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. 6391417 Plantae plants 1961 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. 2256 Rumex ×erubescens Simonk. 8242651 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Rumex ×erubescens Simonk. 2258 Rumex ×hybridus Kindb. 8012649 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Rumex ×hybridus Kindb. 2259 Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching 2650944 Plantae plants 1993 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia | Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching 1195 Ruscus aculeatus L. 2769766 Plantae plants <1800 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Ruscus aculeatus L. 482 Rytidosperma gracile (Hook.f.) Connor & Edgar 4136338 Plantae plants 1911? introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Notodanthonia gracilis (Hook.f.) Zotov 2074 Rytidosperma setaceum (R.Br.) Connor & Edgar 4135683 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Austrodanthonia setacea (R.Br.) H.P.Linder 1871 Rytidosperma tenuius (Steud.) O.E.Erikss., A.Hansen & Sunding 4135606 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Austrodanthonia tenuior (Steud.) H.P.Linder 1872 Rytidosperma thomsonii (Buchanan) Connor & Edgar 4121201 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Rytidosperma thomsonii (Buchanan) Connor & Edgar 2133 Sagina subulata (Sw.) C. Presl. 3085400 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) | escape > horticulture present present present absent Sagina subulata (Sw.) C. Presl. 1056 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. 5328909 Plantae plants | t0 1997 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Sagittaria latifolia Willd. 250 | 9686 Salix acutifolia Willd. 7645931 Plantae plants 1986 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix acutifolia Willd. 2480 Salix daphnoides Vill. 5372913 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix daphnoides Vill. 2482 Salix dasyclados Wimmer 5583837 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix dasyclados Wimmer 2483 Salix elaeagnos subsp. angustifolia (Cariot) Rech. fil. 8257857 Plantae plants <1830 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Salix elaeagnos subsp. angustifolia (Cariot) Rech. fil. 2484 Salix eriocephala Michx. 5372614 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix eriocephala Michx. 2485 Salix irrorata Anderss. 5372827 Plantae plants 2002 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix irrorata Anderss. 2486 Salix nigra Marsh. 5372854 Plantae plants 1958 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix nigra Marsh. 2487 Salix pentandra L. 5372647 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Salix pentandra L. 2488 Salix sepulchralis var. chrysocoma (Dode) R.D. Meikle 7742596 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent present Salix sepulcralis nothovar. chrysocoma (Dode) Meikle 2491 Salix udensis Trautv. & C. A. Mey. 5582033 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salix udensis Trautv. & C. A. Mey. 2490 Salpiglossis sinuata Ruiz & Pavón 2932905 Plantae plants 1978 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salpiglossis sinuata Ruiz & Pavón 2582 Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) 2351271 Animalia harmonia | wrims 1884 established freshwater | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts absent | present absent absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) 144 | 9522 Salvia aethiopis L. 2927030 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Salvia aethiopis L. 1564 Salvia glutinosa L. 2927026 Plantae plants 1890 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Salvia glutinosa L. 1565 Salvia nemorosa L. 2927028 Plantae plants 1864 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Salvia nemorosa L. 1567 Salvia officinalis L. 2927004 Plantae plants 1920 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) | escape > horticulture present present present absent Salvia officinalis L. 1568 Salvia officinalis subsp. gallica (W.Lippert) Reales, D.Rivera & Obón 6411218 Plantae plants 1900 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Salvia lavandulifolia subsp. gallica W.Lippert 1566 Salvia reflexa Hornem. 2927001 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Salvia reflexa Hornem. 1569 Salvia sclarea L. 2927000 Plantae plants 1811 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Salvia sclarea L. 1570 Salvia verbenaca L. 6409706 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Salvia verbenaca L. 1571 Salvia verticillata L. 2926995 Plantae plants 1863 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Salvia verticillata L. 1572 Salvia viridis L. 3883959 Plantae plants 1916 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Salvia viridis L. 1573 Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 5274861 Plantae plants 1981 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 2493 Salvinia natans (L.) All. 5274858 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Salvinia natans (L.) All. 2494 Sambucus canadensis L. 6369819 Plantae plants 1972 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sambucus canadensis L. 239 Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) 2382155 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1890 1890 established | invasive freshwater Europe escape > live food and live bait | release > fishery in the wild (including game fishing) | release > to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) 21 | 145 Sanguisorba minor subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) F. Munoz Garmendia & C. Navarro 3029431 Plantae plants 1824 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Sanguisorba minor subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) F. Munoz Garmendia & C. Navarro 2430 Santolina chamaecyparissus L. 3125933 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Santolina chamaecyparissus L. 720 Santolina rosmarinifolia L. 3125944 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Santolina rosmarinifolia L. 721 Saponaria ocymoides L. 3085357 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Saponaria ocymoides L. 1057 Saponaria officinalis L. 3085360 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Saponaria officinalis L. 1058 Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, 1955 3197314 Chromista | Eukaryota t0 | wrims 1999 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, 1955 9523 | 9524 | 9525 | 9526 | 9688 Sarracenia purpurea L. 5421389 Plantae plants | t0 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Sarracenia purpurea L. 2509 | 9687 Sarracenia rubra Walter 5421385 Plantae plants 2009 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sarracenia rubra Walter 2510 Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus 8362005 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Sasa palmata (Burb.) E.G.Camus 2134 Sasa ramosa (Makino) Makino & Shibata 5675849 Plantae plants 2005 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sasaella ramosa (Makino) Makino 2135 Satureja hortensis L. 2926885 Plantae plants 1863 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Satureja hortensis L. 1574 Satureja montana L. 2926884 Plantae plants 1933 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Satureja montana L. 1575 Sauromatum venosum (Dryand. ex Aiton) Kunth 2869597 Plantae plants 2010 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Typhonium venosum (Dryand. ex Aiton) Hett. & P.C.Boyce 445 Saururus cernuus L. 5384932 Plantae plants 1977 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Saururus cernuus L. 2512 Saxifraga cymbalaria L. 3753098 Plantae plants 1977 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present absent Saxifraga cymbalaria L. 2518 Saxifraga geum L. 8223023 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Saxifraga geum L. 2522 Saxifraga rotundifolia L. 7339396 Plantae plants 1851 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Saxifraga rotundifolia L. 2519 Saxifraga stolonifera Curtis 3032762 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. 2520 Saxifraga urbium D. A. Webb 3754353 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Saxifraga urbium D. A. Webb 2523 Saxifraga ×arendsii Engl. 7544073 Plantae plants 1864 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Saxifraga ×arendsii Engl. 2521 Scaevola aemula R. Br. 5569367 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania escape > horticulture present present absent absent Scaevola aemula R. Br. 1463 Scandix australis subsp. grandiflora (L.) Thell. 6308164 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Scandix australis subsp. grandiflora (L.) Thell. 420 Scandix balansae Reuter ex Boiss. 3637507 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Scandix balansae Reuter ex Boiss. 421 Scandix iberica M. Bieb. 3637112 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Scandix iberica M. Bieb. 422 Scandix stellata Banks & Solander 6026954 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent absent present Scandix stellata Banks & Solander 423 Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. 2704341 Plantae plants <1836 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present present absent Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. 2136 Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell. 3101235 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Schkuhria pinnata var. abrotanoides (Roth) Cabrera 722 Schmidtia kalahariensis Stent 5674888 Plantae plants 1961 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Schmidtia kalahariensis Stent 2137 Schoenoplectiella bucharica (Roshev.) Hayas. 7961815 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Schoenoplectiella bucharica (Roshev.) Hayas. 1187 Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta 2767271 Plantae plants 1984 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. 466 Scilla sardensis (Whittall ex Barr & Sayden) Speta 2767229 Plantae plants 1987 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent absent present Chionodoxa sardensis Whittall ex Barr & Sayden 467 Scilla siberica Haw. 2767328 Plantae plants 1984 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Scilla siberica Haw. 483 Scirpus georgianus R.M.Harper 2720269 Plantae plants 2003 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent present absent Scirpus atrovirens subsp. georgianus (R.M.Harper) Verloove & Lambinon 1188 Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 5219681 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed terrestrial N. America escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 146 | 9689 Sciurus niger Linnaeus, 1758 5219683 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Sciurus niger Linnaeus, 1758 147 | 9690 Sclerolaena muricata (Moq.) Domin 7933495 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sclerolaena muricata (Moq.) Domin 354 Scolymus hispanicus L. 5403742 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Scolymus hispanicus L. 724 Scolymus maculatus L. 5403743 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Scolymus maculatus L. 725 Scorpiurus muricatus L. 5358302 Plantae plants 1907 | 1983 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant | unknown present present absent | present absent Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. subvillosus (L.) Thell. | Scorpiurus muricatus subsp. sulcatus (L.) Thell. 1345 | 1346 Scorpiurus vermiculatus L. 5358301 Plantae plants 1957 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present absent absent present Scorpiurus vermiculatus L. 1347 Scorzonera hispanica L. 3110905 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Scorzonera hispanica L. 726 Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh 3170878 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh 2531 Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe ex Pers. 8186932 Plantae plants 1976 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe ex Pers. 2532 Scrophularia scorodonia L. 7477038 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Scrophularia scorodonia L. 2533 Scrophularia vernalis 7810918 Plantae plants 1814 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Scrophularia vernalis 2534 Scutellaria altissima L. 5341373 Plantae plants 1884 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Scutellaria altissima L. 1576 Secale cereale L. 2705966 Plantae plants 1884 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Secale cereale L. 2138 Secale derzhavinii Tzvelev 4121360 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Secale derzhavinii Tzvelev 2140 Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dorfl. 5349989 Plantae plants 1909 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dorfl. 1348 Securigera varia (L.) Lassen 5350000 Plantae plants 1803 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Securigera varia (L.) Lassen 1349 Sedum cepaea L. 5690287 Plantae plants 1866 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Sedum cepaea L. 1129 Sedum dasyphyllum L. 7172720 Plantae plants 1836 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Sedum dasyphyllum L. 1130 Sedum hispanicum L. 5361982 Plantae plants 1871 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Sedum hispanicum L. 1131 Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 5362004 Plantae plants 1968 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Sedum sarmentosum Bunge 1134 Selaginella kraussiana (G. Kunze) A. Br. 8368980 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun 2546 Semiarundinaria fastuosa (Lat.-Marl. ex Mitford) Makino 4120602 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Semiarundinaria fastuosa (Lat.-Marl. ex Mitford) Makino 2141 Sempervivum barbulatum Schott 7334576 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Sempervivum barbulatum Schott 1140 Sempervivum tectorum L. 2985949 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Sempervivum tectorum L. 1139 Senecio gallicus Chaix 3107896 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Senecio gallicus Chaix 727 Senecio glossanthus (Sond.) Belcher 3108121 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Senecio glossanthus (Sond.) Belcher 728 Senecio inaequidens DC. 3109086 Plantae harmonia | plants 1892 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | to be determined by experts present present present present Senecio inaequidens DC. 148 | 729 Senecio leucanthemifolius subsp. vernalis (Waldst. & Kit.) Greuter 4228701 Plantae plants 1837 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit. 734 Senecio pterophorus DC. 3107177 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Senecio pterophorus DC. 730 Senecio quadridentatus Labill. 3107661 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Senecio quadridentatus Labill. 731 Senecio sarracenicus L. 7903764 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Senecio sarracenicus L. 732 Senecio squalidus L. 3109117 Plantae plants 1805 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present present Senecio squalidus L. 733 Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby 2957408 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby 976 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link 2957966 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Senna occidentalis (L.) Link 977 Serapias lingua L. 5314814 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Serapias lingua L. 1727 Sesamum indicum L. 3172622 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Sesamum indicum L. 1769 Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. 2970619 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. 1350 Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh 2970585 Plantae plants 1993 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Sesbania exaltata (Rafinesque) Rydberg ex A.W. Hill 1351 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. 3084883 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania unknown present absent present absent Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. 248 Setaria dielsii R.A.W.Herrm. 5674218 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Setaria dielsii R.A.W.Herrm. 2143 Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm. 5289666 Plantae plants 1977 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm. 2144 Setaria helvola (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. 5673972 Plantae plants 1811 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. 2147 Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. 5289698 Plantae plants 1856 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. 2145 Setaria parviflora (Poir.) M.Kerguelen 5289679 Plantae plants 1887 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Setaria parviflora (Poir.) M.Kerguelen 2146 Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. ex Moss 5289709 Plantae plants 2002 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. ex Moss 2148 Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. 5289686 Plantae plants 1929 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov. 2142 Setaria verticillata var. verticillata 7226776 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Setaria verticillata var. verticillata 2150 Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. 5289684 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. 2151 Sicyos angulatus L. 2874655 Plantae plants | t0 1882 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Sicyos angulatus L. 1149 | 9691 Sida rhombifolia L. 5406735 Plantae plants 1993 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Sida rhombifolia L. 1638 Sida spinosa L. 5406741 Plantae plants 1976 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Sida spinosa L. 1639 Sidalcea candida A. Gray 3152723 Plantae plants 1920 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Sidalcea candida A. Gray 1640 Sideritis lanata L. 2926686 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent absent present Sideritis lanata L. 1577 Sideritis montana L. 2926688 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sideritis montana L. 1578 Sigesbeckia orientalis L. 3125901 Plantae plants 1940 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sigesbeckia orientalis L. 735 Silene baccifera (L.) Roth 7267309 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > timber trade present present present present Silene baccifera (L.) Roth 1059 Silene behen L. 7523432 Plantae plants 1978 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Silene behen L. 1060 Silene chalcedonica (L.) E. H. L. Krause 5584611 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Silene chalcedonica (L.) E. H. L. Krause 1061 Silene conoidea L. 5384852 Plantae plants 1876 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Silene conoidea L. 1063 Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. 8660542 Plantae plants <1850 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. 1064 Silene cretica L. 8150863 Plantae plants 1950 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Silene cretica L. 1065 Silene csereii Baumg. 5384782 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Silene csereii Baumg. 1066 Silene dichotoma Ehrh. 5384818 Plantae plants 1860 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Silene dichotoma Ehrh. 1067 Silene gallica L. 5384848 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Silene gallica L. 1068 Silene italica (L.) Pers. 5384743 Plantae plants 2005 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Silene italica (L.) Pers. 1069 Silene muscipula L. 5585975 Plantae plants 1918 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Silene muscipula L. 1070 Silene nocturna subsp. nocturna 7267492 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Silene nocturna subsp. nocturna 1071 Silene otites (L.) Wibel 7746901 Plantae plants <1858 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Silene otites (L.) Wibel 1072 Silene pendula L. 5384773 Plantae plants 1866 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Silene pendula L. 1073 Silene schafta Gmel. ex Hohen. 5584240 Plantae plants 2002 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Silene schafta Gmel. ex Hohen. 1075 Silene stricta L. 8184157 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Silene stricta L. 1076 Silene viscosa (L.) Pers. 8279669 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Silene viscosa (L.) Pers. 1077 Silphium perfoliatum L. 3092576 Plantae plants 1871 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Silphium perfoliatum L. 736 Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 2337607 harmonia 1982 invasive freshwater Europe to be determined by experts present present present present Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 149 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 3145214 Plantae plants 1803 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > horticulture present present present present Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 737 Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B.Nord. 3115131 Plantae plants 2004 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B.Nord. 738 Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) 4559541 Animalia macroinvertebrates 1999 established freshwater Asia escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) 225 Sinapis alba L. 3047621 Plantae plants <1800 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Sinapis alba L. 957 Sinapis alba subsp. dissecta (Lag.) Simonk. 3047633 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Sinapis dissecta Lag. 958 Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) 2228667 Animalia wrims 2007 to be determined by experts | unknown to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Sinelobus stanfordi (Richardson, 1901) 9527 | 9528 Sinelobus vanhaareni Bamber, 2014 7547256 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2007 established estuarine unknown escape > to be determined by experts | stowaway > to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Sinelobus vanhaareni Bamber, 2014 190 Sisymbrium altissimum L. 3046736 Plantae plants 1840 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sisymbrium altissimum L. 959 Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. chrysanthum (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud 3046925 Plantae plants 1858 established to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. chrysanthum (Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud 960 Sisymbrium erysimoides Desf. 3046765 Plantae plants 1961 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sisymbrium erysimoides Desf. 961 Sisymbrium irio L. 3046851 Plantae plants 1886 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sisymbrium irio L. 962 Sisymbrium loeselii L. 3046875 Plantae plants 1872 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sisymbrium loeselii L. 963 Sisymbrium orientale L. 3046812 Plantae plants 1823 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sisymbrium orientale L. 964 Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag. ex DC. 3046839 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag. ex DC. 965 Sisymbrium septulatum DC. 3046778 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present absent present absent Sisymbrium septulatum DC. 966 Sisymbrium strictissimum L. 3046850 Plantae plants 1857 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Sisymbrium strictissimum L. 967 Sisymbrium volgense M.Bieb. ex E. Fourn. 3046744 Plantae plants 1953 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Sisymbrium volgense M.Bieb. ex E. Fourn. 968 Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. 5296015 Plantae plants ca. 1996 established to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent absent Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. 1501 Sisyrinchium californicum (Ker Gawl.) Dryand. 5296218 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sisyrinchium californicum (Ker Gawl.) Dryand. 1502 Sisyrinchium montanum Greene 5296178 Plantae plants 1939 unknown to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present present absent Sisyrinchium montanum Greene 1503 Skimmia japonica Thunb. 7740617 Plantae plants 2012 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Skimmia japonica Thunb. 2470 Smilax aspera L. 5295044 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Smilax aspera L. 2548 Smilax rotundifolia L. 5295375 Plantae plants 1990 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Smilax rotundifolia L. 2549 Smyrnium perfoliatum L. 6027089 Plantae plants 1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Smyrnium perfoliatum L. 425 Solanum carolinense L. 2932011 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Solanum carolinense L. 2584 Solanum chenopodioides Lam. 2929710 Plantae plants 1908 unknown to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Solanum chenopodioides Lam. 2585 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. 2929892 Plantae plants 1997 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. 2586 Solanum eleagnifolium 7299960 Plantae t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Solanum eleagnifolium 9692 Solanum lycopersicum L. 2930137 Plantae plants 1861 established to be determined by experts S. America escape > live food and live bait present present present present Solanum lycopersicum L. 2587 Solanum nodiflorum Desv. ex Dunal 7420524 Plantae plants 1987 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Solanum nodiflorum Desv. ex Dunal 2589 Solanum pimpinellifolium L. 2931738 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > live food and live bait present present absent absent Solanum pimpinellifolium L. 2591 Solanum pseudocapsicum L. 2931104 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Solanum pseudocapsicum L. 2592 Solanum ptychanthum Dunal 2930080 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Solanum ptychanthum Dunal 2593 Solanum pygmaeum Cav. 2932501 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Solanum pygmaeum Cav. 2594 Solanum rostratum Dunal 2930922 Plantae plants 1890 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Solanum rostratum Dunal 2595 Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. 2930805 Plantae plants 1891 established to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. 2596 Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. 2932184 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. 2597 Solanum tuberosum L. 2930262 Plantae plants 1867 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Solanum tuberosum L. 2600 Solanum viarum Dunal 2931914 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Solanum viarum Dunal 2601 Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy 2984366 Plantae plants 1941 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy 2621 Solidago canadensis L. 5389029 Plantae harmonia | plants 1863 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Solidago canadensis L. 150 | 739 Solidago gigantea Aiton 5389017 Plantae harmonia | plants 1869 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Solidago gigantea Aiton 151 | 740 Solidago rugosa Mill. 5388967 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present present absent present Solidago rugosa Mill. 741 Soliva anthemifolia R.Br. 7505045 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Soliva anthemifolia R.Br. 742 Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav. 3092691 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Soliva pterosperma (Juss.) Less. 743 Sonchus tenerrimus L. 3105768 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present absent absent Sonchus tenerrimus L. 744 Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. 3012103 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. 2431 Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun 3012089 Plantae plants 1973 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun 2432 Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehd. 3012117 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehd. 2433 Sorbus domestica L. 3013206 Plantae plants 1873 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present absent present absent Sorbus domestica L. 2434 Sorbus hybrida L. 3012400 Plantae plants 1961 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Sorbus hybrida L. 2435 Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. 3012254 Plantae plants 1934 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present present Sorbus intermedia (Ehrh.) Pers. 2436 Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers. 8576221 Plantae plants 1986 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers. 2437 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 2705181 Plantae plants 1935 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 2152 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 2705185 Plantae plants 1884 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 2153 Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link 5290030 Plantae plants | t0 1996 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link 2154 | 9694 Spartina townsendii H.Groves & J.Groves 5290034 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 | wrims 1924 | 1938 established freshwater | marine | to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts | unknown to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Spartina townsendii H.Groves & J.Groves 152 | 2155 | 9529 | 9695 Spartina townsendii var. anglica C.E. Hubbard 5679819 Plantae wrims 1936 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Spartina townsendii var. anglica C.E. Hubbard 9530 | 9531 Spartium junceum L. 5355395 Plantae plants 1993 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Spartium junceum L. 1352 Sphaeralcea bonariensis (Cav.) Griseb. 7116158 Plantae plants <1950 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sphaeralcea bonariensis (Cav.) Griseb. 1642 Spinacia oleracea L. 3083647 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Spinacia oleracea L. 355 Spiraea L. 3026392 harmonia 1803 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Spiraea L. 155 Spiraea alba Du Roi 3026585 Plantae plants 1803 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Spiraea alba Du Roi 2438 Spiraea alba Duroi 7787813 harmonia 1803 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Spiraea alba Duroi 153 Spiraea billardii Dippel 8376790 harmonia 1895 invasive terrestrial N. America escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Spiraea billardii Dippel 157 Spiraea canescens D. Don 3027138 Plantae plants 2001 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Spiraea canescens D. Don 2439 Spiraea douglasii Hook. 3027159 Plantae harmonia | plants 1885 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Spiraea douglasii Hook. 154 | 2441 Spiraea hypericifolia L. 3026431 Plantae plants 1885 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Spiraea hypericifolia L. 2442 Spiraea japonica L. fil. 8170635 Plantae plants 1901 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Spiraea japonica L. fil. 2443 Spiraea nipponica Maxim. 3027341 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Spiraea nipponica Maxim. 2444 Spiraea salicifolia L. 3026454 Plantae t0 absent to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Spiraea salicifolia L. 9696 Spiraea tomentosa L. 3026819 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 under preparation 1870 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts absent | present | to be determined by experts absent | present | to be determined by experts Spiraea tomentosa L. 156 | 2445 | 9697 Spiraea vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel 3026622 Plantae plants 1959 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present absent present absent Spiraea ×vanhouttei (Briot) Carrière 2450 Spiraea ×macrothyrsa Dippel 3027355 Plantae plants 1948 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Spiraea ×macrothyrsa Dippel 2448 Spiraea ×pseudosalicifolia Silverside 3026444 Plantae plants | t0 1895 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Spiraea ×pseudosalicifolia Silverside 2446 | 9698 Spiraea ×rosalba Dippel 3027332 Plantae plants 2003 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Spiraea ×rosalba Dippel 2449 Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay 4152259 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present present Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) Robyns & Tournay 2156 Sporobolus carolii Mez 4151298 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sporobolus carolii Mez 2157 Sporobolus creber De Nardi 8047362 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sporobolus creber De Nardi 2158 Sporobolus elongatus R.Br. 2704778 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Sporobolus elongatus R.Br. 2159 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. 2704757 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. 2160 Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth 2704745 Plantae plants <1900 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth 2161 Stachys atherocalyx K.Koch 3885185 Plantae plants 1922 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Stachys atherocalyx K.Koch 1579 Stachys byzantina K.Koch 2927230 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Stachys byzantina K.Koch 1580 Stachys cretica L. 2927296 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Stachys cretica L. 1581 Staphylea pinnata L. 3686235 Plantae plants 1948 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Staphylea pinnata L. 2604 Stipa pennata L. 4127831 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Stipa pennata L. 2163 Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter 4130246 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter 2164 Stranvaesia davidiana Decne. 3000406 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Stranvaesia davidiana Decne. 2451 Stuartina muelleri Sond. 3125765 Plantae plants 1906 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Stuartina muelleri Sond. 745 Styela clava Herdman, 1881 2331942 Animalia wrims 1986 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Styela clava Herdman, 1881 9532 | 9533 | 9534 Sutera cordata (Thunb.) Kuntze 3728734 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present present absent Chaenostoma cordatum Benth. 2528 Symphoricarpos albus (L.) C. Koch 7523753 Plantae plants 1866 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake 1022 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench 2888636 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench 1025 Symphoricarpos ×chenaultii Rehder 3855595 Plantae plants ? unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture unknown unknown unknown unknown Symphoricarpos ×chenaultii Rehder 1023 Symphoricarpos ×doorenbosii Krussm. 8212772 Plantae plants 1955 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Symphoricarpos ×doorenbosii Krussm. 1024 Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Ledeb.) G.L.Nesom 3151692 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Ledeb.) G.L.Nesom 746 Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 8421156 Plantae harmonia | plants 1939 established terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Aster laevis L. | Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A 38 | 747 Symphyotrichum lateriflorum 3151522 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > timber trade present absent present absent Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 749 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom 3151618 Plantae plants 1944 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom 750 Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom 3151558 Plantae harmonia | plants 1865 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present present present Aster novi-belgii L. | Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom 40 | 41 | 751 Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom 3151755 Plantae plants 1947 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom 752 Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G.L.Nesom 3151666 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts N. America unknown present absent present absent Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G.L.Nesom 753 Symphyotrichum salignum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom 3151811 Plantae harmonia | plants | t0 1861 established | invasive terrestrial | to be determined by experts N. America | unknown escape > horticulture | escape > to be determined by experts present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Symphyotrichum salignum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom 42 | 755 | 9557 Symphytum asperum Lepechin 2926066 Plantae plants 1884 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Symphytum asperum Lepechin 849 Symphytum caucasicum M. Bieb. 7989836 Plantae plants 2009 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Symphytum caucasicum M. Bieb. 850 Symphytum grandiflorum DC. 4067302 Plantae plants 1999 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Symphytum grandiflorum DC. 851 Symphytum ×hidcotense P.D.Sell 4067281 Plantae plants 2008 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Symphytum ×hidcotense P.D.Sell 852 Synidotea laticauda Benedict, 1897 2204831 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 2005 2005 established estuarine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably N. America | to be determined by experts stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Synidotea laticauda Benedict, 1897 204 | 9535 Synurella ambulans (F. Müller, 1846) 4416920 Animalia macroinvertebrates 2003 established freshwater Europe escape > aquaculture / mariculture present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Synurella ambulans (F. Müller, 1846) 181 Syringa josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb.f. 7636833 Plantae plants 2008 unknown to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Syringa josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb.f. 1673 Syringa vulgaris L. 5415039 Plantae plants 1854 unknown to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Syringa vulgaris L. 1674 Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) 2498015 harmonia 1981 established freshwater Asia to be determined by experts present present absent to be determined by experts Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas, 1764) 158 Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski 2705666 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Taeniatherum caput-medusae var. caput-medusae 2165 Tagetes erecta L. 3088488 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Tagetes erecta L. 756 Tagetes minuta L. 3088481 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Tagetes minuta L. 757 Tagetes patula L. 3088492 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Tagetes patula L. 758 Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. 7497356 Plantae plants 1992 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Tagetes tenuifolia Cav. 759 Tamarix canariensis Willd. 2874701 Plantae plants 1946 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tamarix canariensis Willd. 2607 Tamarix gallica L. 8380575 Plantae plants 1940 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tamarix gallica L. 2608 Tamarix parviflora DC. 2874706 Plantae plants 1997 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tamarix parviflora DC. 2609 Tamias sibiricus (Laxmann, 1769) 2437450 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed 1969 invasive terrestrial Asia escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Tamias sibiricus (Laxmann, 1769) 159 | 9699 Tanacetum balsamita L. 3118254 Plantae plants 1941 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Tanacetum balsamita L. 760 Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip. 3118216 Plantae plants 1809 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Tanacetum corymbosum (L.) Sch.Bip. 761 Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Sch.Bip. 3118526 Plantae plants 1882 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Tanacetum macrophyllum (Waldst. & Kit.) Sch.Bip. 762 Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. 3118430 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. 763 Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis 3872463 Plantae plants 1977 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis 1088 Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. 2684191 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. 2611 Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. 5389173 Plantae plants 1870 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. 764 Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Douglas ex Lindley 3032698 Plantae plants 1932 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present present Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Douglas ex Lindley 2524 Telmatogeton japonicus Tokunaga, 1933 1450317 Animalia wrims 2004 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Telmatogeton japonicus Tokunaga, 1933 9536 | 9537 Teredo navalis Linnaeus, 1758 2288847 Animalia macroinvertebrates | wrims 1730-1732 established | to be determined by experts | unknown marine | to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts | unknown stowaway > to be determined by experts | to be determined by experts present present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Teredo navalis Linnaeus, 1758 217 | 9538 | 9539 Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze 5384307 Plantae plants 1888 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze 249 Teucrium hircanicum L. 3896282 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Teucrium hircanicum L. 1583 Teucrium resupinatum Desf. 8118326 Plantae plants 1998 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Teucrium resupinatum Desf. 1584 Thalassiosira punctigera (Castracane) Hasle, 1983 3193503 Chromista wrims to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Thalassiosira punctigera (Castracane) Hasle, 1983 9540 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. 3033131 Plantae plants 1856 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. 2317 Thalictrum speciosissimum L. 7277286 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Thalictrum speciosissimum L. 2318 Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R.Dewey 4125808 Plantae plants 1823 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R.Dewey 2166 Thladiantha dubia Bunge 2874538 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Thladiantha dubia Bunge 1150 Thlaspi alliaceum L. 3052738 Plantae plants <1850 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Thlaspi alliaceum L. 971 Threskiornis aethiopicus (Latham, 1790) 2480764 Animalia harmonia | t0 listed freshwater Africa escape > pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species ) absent | present absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Threskiornis aethiopicus (Latham, 1790) 160 | 9700 Thuja occidentalis L. 2684178 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Thuja occidentalis L. 1152 Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 2684171 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don 1153 Thymus citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. 5607452 Plantae plants 1866 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Thymus citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. 1587 Thymus pulegioides subsp. pannonicus (All.) Kerguélen 5605749 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Thymus pannonicus All. 1585 Thymus vulgaris L. 5341442 Plantae plants 1899 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Thymus vulgaris L. 1586 Tiarella cordifolia L. 5371610 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tiarella cordifolia L. 2525 Tilia tomentosa Moench 4259350 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Tilia tomentosa Moench 1643 Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Fenzl 5303524 Plantae plants 1956 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schltdl. 1094 Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake 5396551 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake 765 Tordylium maximum L. 3633319 Plantae plants 2004 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Tordylium maximum L. 426 Torilis africana Spreng. 6026665 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Torilis africana Spreng. 427 Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. fil. 8364220 Plantae plants 1872 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. fil. 428 Trachelium caeruleum L. 5407810 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Trachelium caeruleum L. 993 Trachemys Agassiz, 1857 2442941 Animalia t0 listed present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Trachemys Agassiz, 1857 9701 Trachemys scripta Schoepff, 1792 2443002 harmonia 1979 established freshwater N. America to be determined by experts absent absent absent absent Trachemys scripta Schoepff, 1792 161 Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H.Wendl. 2739071 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H.Wendl. 459 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague 3034241 Plantae plants 1892 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present present Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill 429 Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. 2765156 Plantae plants 1988 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. 1095 Tradescantia virginiana L. 2765272 Plantae plants 1946 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Tradescantia virginiana L. 1096 Tragopogon dubius Scop. 6443709 Plantae plants 1939 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Tragopogon dubius Scop. 766 Tragopogon mirabilis Rouy 5709400 Plantae plants 2000? introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Tragopogon mirabilis Rouy 768 Tragopogon porrifolius L. 5386938 Plantae plants 1813 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Tragopogon porrifolius L. 767 Tragus australianus S.T.Blake 5290130 Plantae plants 1899 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Tragus australianus S.T.Blake 2168 Tragus berteronianus Schult. 5290129 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Tragus berteronianus Schult. 2169 Tragus koelerioides Asch. 5674919 Plantae plants 1887 introduced to be determined by experts Africa contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Tragus koelerioides Asch. 2170 Tragus racemosus (L.) All. 5290126 Plantae plants <1850 established to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Tragus racemosus (L.) All. 2171 Trapa natans L. 3188757 Plantae plants <1800 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa | Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Trapa natans L. 1608 Traunsteinera globosa (L.) Rchb. 2784401 Plantae plants <1812 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent absent present Traunsteinera globosa (L.) Rchb. 1729 Tribulus terrestris L. 5421116 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Tribulus terrestris L. 2645 Tricellaria inopinata d'Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985 4985072 Animalia wrims 2000 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Tricellaria inopinata d'Hondt & Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985 9541 | 9542 | 9543 | 9544 Tricellaria ternata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 4985069 Animalia wrims 1906 to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Tricellaria ternata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) 9545 Trifolium alexandrinum L. 5358907 Plantae plants 1961 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Trifolium alexandrinum L. 1354 Trifolium alpestre L. 5359499 Plantae plants 1862 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Trifolium alpestre L. 1355 Trifolium angustifolium L. 5359395 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trifolium angustifolium L. 1356 Trifolium constantinopolitanum Ser. 5358906 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium constantinopolitanum Ser. 1357 Trifolium diffusum Ehrh. 5358912 Plantae plants 1891 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trifolium diffusum Ehrh. 1358 Trifolium echinatum M.Bieb. 5359345 Plantae plants 1904 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Trifolium echinatum M.Bieb. 1359 Trifolium glomeratum L. 5358694 Plantae plants 1900 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trifolium glomeratum L. 1360 Trifolium hirtum All. 5359445 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Trifolium hirtum All. 1361 Trifolium hybridum subsp. elegans (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. 5359402 Plantae plants 1813? introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Trifolium hybridum subsp. elegans (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. 1362 Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum 7224427 Plantae plants 1813 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Trifolium hybridum subsp. hybridum 1363 Trifolium incarnatum L. 5359378 Plantae plants 1859 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Trifolium incarnatum L. 1364 Trifolium isthmocarpum Brot. 5359447 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium isthmocarpum Brot. 1365 Trifolium lappaceum L. 5358913 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trifolium lappaceum L. 1366 Trifolium michelianum Savi 5359169 Plantae plants 1994 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium michelianum Savi 1367 Trifolium nigrescens Viv. 5358774 Plantae plants 1999 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium nigrescens Viv. 1368 Trifolium pallidum Waldst. & Kit. 5359411 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium pallidum Waldst. & Kit. 1369 Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. 5359067 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent absent present Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. 1370 Trifolium patens Schreb. 5359260 Plantae plants 1920 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Trifolium patens Schreb. 1371 Trifolium purpureum Loisel. 5359526 Plantae plants 1876 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium purpureum Loisel. 1372 Trifolium resupinatum L. 5359175 Plantae plants 1861 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Trifolium resupinatum L. 1373 Trifolium retusum L. 5359118 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trifolium retusum L. 1374 Trifolium rubens L. 5359249 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Trifolium rubens L. 1375 Trifolium spumosum L. 5359263 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Trifolium spumosum L. 1376 Trifolium squamosum L. 5359194 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium squamosum L. 1377 Trifolium squarrosum L. 5359109 Plantae plants 1990 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trifolium squarrosum L. 1378 Trifolium stellatum L. 5359037 Plantae plants 1977 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Trifolium stellatum L. 1379 Trifolium strictum L. 5359475 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium strictum L. 1380 Trifolium suffocatum L. 5359099 Plantae plants 2015 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts stowaway > people and their luggage/equipment (in particular tourism) present present absent absent Trifolium suffocatum L. 1381 Trifolium tomentosum L. 5359510 Plantae plants 1907 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Trifolium tomentosum L. 1382 Trifolium vesiculosum Savi 5359334 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trifolium vesiculosum Savi 1383 Trigonella arabica Delile 5360465 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trigonella arabica Delile 1384 Trigonella balansae Boiss. & Reut. 5360384 Plantae plants 2003 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. 1388 Trigonella caelesyriaca Boiss. 5360429 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trigonella caelesyriaca Boiss. 1385 Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser. 5360498 Plantae plants 1882 introduced to be determined by experts unknown contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser. 1386 Trigonella calliceras Fisch. 5360415 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Trigonella calliceras Fisch. 1387 Trigonella foenum-graecum L. 5360475 Plantae plants 1898 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Trigonella foenum-graecum L. 1389 Trigonella hierosolymitana Boiss. 5632334 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Trigonella hierosolymitana Boiss. 1390 Trigonella maritima Poir. 5360508 Plantae plants 1977 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Trigonella maritima Poir. 1391 Trigonella procumbens (Besser) Rchb. 5360402 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Trigonella procumbens (Besser) Rchb. 1392 Trigonella spinosa L. 5360523 Plantae plants 1941 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Trigonella spinosa L. 1393 Trigonella stellata Forssk. 5360417 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Trigonella stellata Forssk. 1394 Tripleurospermum decipiens (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Bornm. 3104150 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Tripleurospermum decipiens (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Bornm. 769 Triraphis mollis R.Br. 7361239 Plantae plants 1899 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Triraphis mollis R.Br. 2172 Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub 2859569 Plantae plants 2012 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tristagma uniflorum (Lindl.) Traub 377 Triticum aestivum L. 7795888 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Triticum aestivum L. 2175 Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell. 2706403 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present unknown present unknown Triticum spelta L. 2181 Triticum compactum Host 2706414 Plantae plants 1901 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Triticum compactum Host 2176 Triticum monococcum L. 7883427 Plantae plants 1885 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present unknown present unknown Triticum monococcum L. 2179 Triticum turgidum L. 2706406 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Triticum turgidum L. 2182 Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. 8389446 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) unknown unknown unknown unknown Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl. 2177 Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. 6313051 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present absent Triticum durum Desf. 2178 Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum (L.) Thell. 6313049 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present absent present absent Triticum polonicum L. 2180 Trollius europaeus L. 3033289 Plantae plants 1852 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Trollius europaeus L. 2319 Tropaeolum majus L. 2889934 Plantae plants 1953 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present present Tropaeolum majus L. 2612 Truellum perfoliatum (L.) Soják 4037171 Plantae t0 listed present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross 9678 Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 2687182 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière 1795 Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 2687210 Plantae plants 2008 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. 1796 Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr. 2874024 Plantae plants <1837 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr. 1087 Tubificoides heterochaetus (Michaelsen, 1926) 2308528 Animalia wrims 1952 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Tubificoides heterochaetus (Michaelsen, 1926) 9546 | 9547 Tulipa gesneriana L. 5299675 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Tulipa gesneriana L. 1594 Tulipa sylvestris L. 5299536 Plantae plants <1800 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present absent Tulipa sylvestris L. 1595 Tulipa urumiensis Stapf 5299590 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Tulipa tarda Stapf 1596 Typha laxmannii Lepech. 5289503 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Typha laxmannii Lepech. 2613 Typha minima Funck 5289492 Plantae plants 1827 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent absent Typha minima Funck 2614 Typha provincialis A.Camus 5289490 Plantae plants 2012 unknown to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Typha provincialis A.Camus 2615 Ulex gallii Planch. 2951998 Plantae plants <1895 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Ulex gallii Planch. 1395 Ulex minor Roth 2951968 Plantae plants 1852 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Ulex minor Roth 1396 Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy 7334368 Plantae plants 2000 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present absent absent Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy 1141 Umbra pygmaea 5203111 Animalia fishes | harmonia 1920 1920 established freshwater N. America | to be determined by experts escape > aquaculture / mariculture | escape > ornamental purpose other than horticulture | release > to be determined by experts present present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts Umbra pygmaea 22 | 162 Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, 1873 5422556 Chromista wrims 1999 established | to be determined by experts to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, 1873 9548 | 9549 | 9550 Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv. 2705869 Plantae plants 1949 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent present Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv. 2184 Urtica incisa Poir. 7602322 Plantae plants 1911 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Urtica incisa Poir. 2622 Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny 7437751 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts stowaway present present absent absent Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny 2623 Urtica pilulifera L. 5670646 Plantae plants 1864 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Urtica pilulifera L. 2624 Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert 3085320 Plantae plants 1811 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vaccaria hispanica (Miller) Rauschert 1079 Vaccinium corymbosum L. 2882849 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Vaccinium corymbosum L. 1219 Vaccinium macrocarpum Aiton 7777960 Plantae plants 1957 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Vaccinium macrocarpum Aiton 1220 Valeriana phu L. 8201823 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present absent present absent Valeriana phu L. 1026 Valeriana pyrenaica L. 4095186 Plantae plants <1957 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Valeriana pyrenaica L. 1027 Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. 7298858 Plantae plants 1823 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Valerianella coronata (L.) DC. 1028 Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. 2888773 Plantae plants 1813 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. 1029 Valerianella locusta var. oleracea (Schltdl.) Breistr. 7988337 Plantae plants 2005 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent absent Valerianella locusta var. oleracea (Schltdl.) Breistr. 1030 Valerianella vesicaria (L.) Moench 4095244 Plantae plants <1850 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent present absent Valerianella vesicaria (L.) Moench 1031 Vallisneria spiralis L. 2865526 Plantae plants | t0 1864 introduced to be determined by experts Africa | N. America | S. America | Asia | Oceania unknown present present | to be determined by experts present | to be determined by experts absent | to be determined by experts Vallisneria spiralis L. 1483 | 9702 Veratrum album L. 2742119 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia | N. America unknown present absent present absent Veratrum album L. 1648 Verbascum banaticum SCHRADER 3741432 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Verbascum banaticum SCHRADER 2535 Verbascum brockmuelleri Ruhm. 3740974 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present absent present absent Verbascum brockmuelleri Ruhm. 2543 Verbascum chaixii Vill. 6440422 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present absent present Verbascum chaixii Vill. 2536 Verbascum divaricatum Kitt. 7353862 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts present present absent absent Verbascum divaricatum Kitt. 2544 Verbascum interjectum Pfund 3738856 Plantae plants ? introduced to be determined by experts unknown to be determined by experts unknown unknown unknown unknown Verbascum interjectum Pfund 2545 Verbascum phlomoides L. 3171948 Plantae plants 1811 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present present Verbascum phlomoides L. 2537 Verbascum phoeniceum L. 3171951 Plantae plants 1895 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Verbascum phoeniceum L. 2538 Verbascum sinuatum L. 3171946 Plantae plants 1831 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Verbascum sinuatum L. 2539 Verbascum speciosum Schrad. 3171952 Plantae plants 2009 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Verbascum speciosum Schrad. 2540 Verbascum virgatum Stokes 3171954 Plantae plants 1906 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Verbascum virgatum Stokes 2541 Verbena bonariensis L. 2925514 Plantae plants 1893 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | escape > horticulture present present present absent Verbena bonariensis L. 2628 Verbena brasiliensis Vell. 2925518 Plantae plants 1993 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Verbena brasiliensis Vell. 2629 Verbena halei Small 2925515 Plantae plants 1921 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Verbena halei Small 2630 Verbena hastata L. 2925527 Plantae plants 1902 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present present Verbena hastata L. 2631 Verbena rigida Spreng. 2925496 Plantae plants 1951 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > horticulture present present present present Verbena rigida Spreng. 2632 Verbena supina L. 2925492 Plantae plants 1947 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Verbena supina L. 2633 Verbena urticifolia L. 2925530 Plantae plants 1996 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Verbena urticifolia L. 2634 Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney 3147815 Plantae plants 1984 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton 770 Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex A.Gray 3147913 Plantae plants <1950 introduced to be determined by experts N. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex A.Gray 771 Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 5397564 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 772 Veronica campylopoda Boiss. 3172066 Plantae plants 1955 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Veronica campylopoda Boiss. 1828 Veronica ceratocarpa C. A. Mey. 3732995 Plantae plants 1854 introduced to be determined by experts Asia unknown present present absent absent Veronica ceratocarpa C. A. Mey. 1829 Veronica cymbalaria Bodard 3172068 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Veronica cymbalaria Bodard 1830 Veronica filiformis Sm. 3172100 Plantae plants 1927 established to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Veronica filiformis Sm. 1831 Veronica glauca Sm. 7535300 Plantae plants 1954 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present absent Veronica glauca Sm. 1832 Veronica longifolia L. 3172118 Plantae plants <1830 established to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Veronica longifolia L. 1833 Veronica peregrina L. 3172104 Plantae plants 1836 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant nursery material present present present present Veronica peregrina L. 1834 Veronica persica Poir. 3172077 Plantae plants 1824 established to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Veronica persica Poir. 1835 Veronica spicata L. 3172059 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Veronica spicata L. 1836 Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 1311477 Animalia t0 listed present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 9703 Viburnum davidii Franch. 4930155 Plantae plants 2014 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Viburnum davidii Franch. 240 Viburnum rhytidophylloides Suringar 2888588 Plantae plants 2013 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present absent absent Viburnum rhytidophylloides Suringar 243 Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. 2888625 Plantae plants 1990 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present present Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. 241 Viburnum tinus L. 2888585 Plantae plants 2007 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present absent absent Viburnum tinus L. 242 Vicia assyriaca Boiss. 2974876 Plantae plants 1960 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Vicia assyriaca Boiss. 1397 Vicia benghalensis L. 2975384 Plantae plants 1933 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present present Vicia benghalensis L. 1398 Vicia bithynica (L.) L. 2975309 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Vicia bithynica (L.) L. 1399 Vicia dumetorum L. 2974946 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present present absent Vicia dumetorum L. 1401 Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd. 2974887 Plantae plants 1824 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present present present Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd. 1402 Vicia faba L. 2974832 Plantae plants 1863 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Vicia faba L. 1403 Vicia grandiflora Scop. 2974901 Plantae plants 1893 unknown to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vicia grandiflora Scop. 1404 Vicia hybrida L. 2975257 Plantae plants 1876 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Vicia hybrida L. 1405 Vicia hyrcanica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 2974826 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Vicia hyrcanica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1406 Vicia lutea L. 2974753 Plantae plants 1873 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vicia lutea L. 1408 Vicia melanops Sibth. & Sm. 2974822 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Vicia melanops Sibth. & Sm. 1409 Vicia monantha Retz. 2975416 Plantae plants 1913 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present absent present absent Vicia monantha Retz. 1410 Vicia noeana Boiss. 2975097 Plantae plants 2000 introduced to be determined by experts Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Vicia noeana Boiss. 1412 Vicia pannonica subsp. pannonica 7225470 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vicia pannonica subsp. pannonica 1413 Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (M. Bieb.) Nyman 8326007 Plantae plants 1894 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (M. Bieb.) Nyman 1414 Vicia peregrina L. 2975262 Plantae plants 1912 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent present present Vicia peregrina L. 1415 Vicia sativa subsp. sativa 7068379 Plantae plants 1883 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Vicia sativa subsp. sativa 1416 Vicia serratifolia Jacq. 2975135 Plantae plants 1876 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Vicia serratifolia Jacq. 1417 Vicia sicula (Raf.) Guss. 2975393 Plantae plants 1920 introduced to be determined by experts Europe unknown present present absent absent Vicia sicula (Raf.) Guss. 1418 Vicia sylvatica L. 2974793 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present absent absent present Vicia sylvatica L. 1419 Vicia tenuifolia subsp. dalmatica (A.Kern.) Greuter 3971572 Plantae plants 1937 established to be determined by experts Europe unknown present absent present absent Vicia dalmatica A.Kern. 1400 Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P.W.Ball 2974936 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia unknown present present present absent Vicia villosa subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P.W.Ball 1420 Vicia villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb. 2974921 Plantae plants 1867 unknown to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vicia villosa subsp. varia (Host) Corb. 1421 Vicia villosa subsp. villosa 7225471 Plantae plants 1864 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Vicia villosa subsp. villosa 1422 Victorella pavida Saville-Kent, 1870 4985433 Animalia wrims introduced to be determined by experts, primarily marine probably to be determined by experts to be determined by experts present to be determined by experts to be determined by experts Victorella pavida Saville-Kent, 1870 9551 Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek 2982380 Plantae plants 1995 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present absent absent Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek 1423 Vinca major L. 3169708 Plantae plants <1835 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts escape > horticulture present present present present Vinca major L. 433 Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench 5414551 Plantae plants 1877 established to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present present present absent Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench 434 Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleop.) Barbar. 5414550 Plantae plants 1965 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleop.) Barbar. 435 Viola cornuta L. 7628663 Plantae plants <1835 introduced to be determined by experts Europe escape > horticulture present absent present absent Viola cornuta L. 2635 Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler 8176318 Plantae plants 1935 introduced to be determined by experts unknown escape > horticulture present present present absent Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler 2636 Visnaga daucoides Gaertn. 5371753 Plantae plants 1880 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. 382 Vitis vinifera L. 5372392 Plantae plants 1869 established to be determined by experts unknown escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Vitis vinifera L. 2640 Vulpia alopecuros (Schousb.) Link 5827791 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present absent present present Vulpia alopecuros (Schousb.) Dumort. 2187 Vulpia antucensis Trin. 5679109 Plantae plants 1910 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present absent present absent Vulpia antucensis Trin. 2188 Vulpia ciliata ciliata 6085036 Plantae plants 1948 established to be determined by experts to be determined by experts contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > transportation of habitat material (soil, vegetation,…) present present present absent Vulpia ciliata ciliata 2189 Vulpia geniculata (L.) Link 5679032 Plantae plants 1886 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Africa unknown present present present absent Vulpia geniculata (L.) Link 2190 Vulpia ligustica (All.) Link 5679007 Plantae plants 1871 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent present Vulpia ligustica (All.) Link 2191 Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. 5289590 Plantae plants 1877 introduced to be determined by experts Europe contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) present present present absent Vulpia myuros var. megalura (Nutt.) Auquier 2192 Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. 5289597 Plantae plants 1889 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America unknown present absent present absent Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. 2193 Weigela floribunda (Sieb. & Zucc.) C. A. Mey. 8011733 Plantae plants 1991 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present present absent Weigela floribunda (Siebold & Zucc.) K. Koch 1032 Xanthium orientale L. 3089146 Plantae plants 1824 established to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present present Xanthium orientale L. 774 Xanthium spinosum L. 3089150 Plantae plants 1848 | 1906 introduced to be determined by experts S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present absent | present present absent | present Xanthium ambrosioides Hook. & Arn. | Xanthium spinosum L. 773 | 775 Xanthium strumarium L. 3089154 Plantae plants <1800 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America contaminant > contaminant on animals (except parasites, species transported by host/vector) | contaminant > seed contaminant present present present absent Xanthium strumarium L. 776 Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Farjon & Harder 2683894 Plantae plants 2009 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent present absent Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Farjon & Harder 1154 Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Tzevelev 7415946 Plantae plants 1908 introduced to be determined by experts Oceania escape > horticulture present present present present Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Tzvelev 777 Yucca flaccida Haw. 2775530 Plantae plants 2001 unknown to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Yucca flaccida Haw. 484 Yucca gloriosa L. 2775619 Plantae plants 2001 established to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present present present absent Yucca gloriosa L. 485 Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. 2868796 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Africa escape > horticulture present present absent absent Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. 446 Zea mays L. 5290052 Plantae plants 1923 introduced to be determined by experts S. America escape > agriculture (including biofuel feedstocks) present present present present Zea mays L. 2194 Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino 2984532 Plantae plants 2015 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino 2616 Zingeria pisidica (Boiss.) Tutin 4139345 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts Europe | Asia contaminant > seed contaminant present present absent absent Zingeria pisidica (Boiss.) Tutin 2195 Zinnia angustifolia var. angustifolia 7066596 Plantae plants 1948 introduced to be determined by experts N. America escape > horticulture present absent absent present Zinnia angustifolia var. angustifolia 778 Zinnia violacea Cav. 3111758 Plantae plants 2011 introduced to be determined by experts N. America | S. America escape > horticulture present present absent absent Zinnia violacea Cav. 779 Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf 2703231 Plantae plants 2010 introduced to be determined by experts Asia escape > horticulture present present absent absent Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf 2196 Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. 3039418 Plantae plants 2006 introduced to be determined by experts to be determined by experts unknown present present absent absent Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. 2327