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Unknown provenance. 20 BCE to 250 CE. Soft limestone ossuary. Funerary.
Unknown. Purchased on antiquities market
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Claudius
Ossuary has low feet. Lid is missing and one corner broke off and was smoothed in antiquity. Inscription is on a narrow side of the chest (left or right), and is followed by a mark that seems to represent a fish. A symbolic significance is very unlikely, but two other possibilities exist: It could allude to the occupation of the deceased, as the mark of an altar or menorah on the ossuary of a priest; fishmongers are mentioned in Jerusalem as early as the fifth century BCE. Alternatively, it may be like those marks used in lieu of names as mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud in the first half of the third century CE, where a fish is specifically noted as the mark of Rav. Engemann suggests that on sepulchral monuments too a fish might allude to the name of occupation of the deceased (Reallexikon fur Antike und Christentum, s.v. "Fisch"). Ἰκλωδις is a variant of Κλώδιος, with the iota prefix representing a local pronunciation like that of איסטרוביל for στρόβιλος; the Latin name Claudius was common among Jews in Rome.