http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AISM_0000174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001062 Giulio Montanaro (gmontanaro) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 István Mikó (imiko) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Jennifer C. Girón (jgiron) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Luis A. González Montaña (lagonzalezmo) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 Sergei Tarasov (starasov) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect SkeletoMuscular system (AISM) contains terms used to describe the cuticle - as a single anatomical structure - and the skeletal muscle system, to be used in insect biodiversity research. Ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect SkeletoMuscular system 2026-02-14 This annotation property defines a "sensu", which is the combination of a bibliographic reference, a label and a class (represented by verbatim and logical definitions). Given this model, independent observations can be inferred across to compute synonymy (multiple labels attached to one), homonymy (one label attached to multiple classes). Yoder MJ, Mikó I, Seltmann KC, Bertone MA, Deans AR (2010) A Gross Anatomy Ontology for Hymenoptera. PLOS ONE 5: e15991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015991.g004 This annotation property is on the label of a class in owl. sensu This annotation property defines a "sensu", which is the combination of a bibliographic reference, a label and a class (represented by verbatim and logical definitions). Given this model, independent observations can be inferred across to compute synonymy (multiple labels attached to one), homonymy (one label attached to multiple classes). Yoder MJ, Mikó I, Seltmann KC, Bertone MA, Deans AR (2010) A Gross Anatomy Ontology for Hymenoptera. PLOS ONE 5: e15991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015991.g004 This annotation property is on the label of a class in owl. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-17 The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition definition A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. alternative label An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes curator note curator note curator notes An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. OBO foundry unique label Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. IAO:0000700 uberon has_ontology_root_term has ontology root term has ontology root term preferred_root http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator uberon dc-creator creator http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description uberon dc-description description http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title uberon dc-title title A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource. http://purl.org/dc/terms/isReferencedBy uberon dcterms-isReferencedBy is referenced by isReferencedBy http://purl.org/dc/terms/license uberon dcterms-license license Date on which the resource was changed. date_modified subset_property creation date An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI. database_cross_reference has cross-reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has exact synonym has_exact_synonym has_obo_namespace id A preferred label. 2022-03-03 skos:prefLabel http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction uberon depiction depiction X lateral to y if x is further from the midsagittal plane than y. lateral_to X lateral to y if x is further from the midsagittal plane than y. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 lateral_to imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 X medial to y if x is closer to the midsagittal plane than y. medial_to X medial to y if x is closer to the midsagittal plane than y. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 medial_to imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 Structure x encircles structure y if both x and y are regions of the 2D structure z, or 2D cross-sections of a 3D object z, and the boundary of y on z is exclusively continuous with x. encircles Structure x encircles structure y if both x and y are regions of the 2D structure z, or 2D cross-sections of a 3D object z, and the boundary of y on z is exclusively continuous with x. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 encircles imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 Structure y is encircled by structure x if both x and y are regions of the 2D structure z, or 2D cross-sections of a 3D object z, and the boundary of y on z is exclusively continuous with y. encircled by Structure y is encircled by structure x if both x and y are regions of the 2D structure z, or 2D cross-sections of a 3D object z, and the boundary of y on z is exclusively continuous with y. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 encircled by imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The object property of an object consisting of having a measurement unit. has_unit The object property of an object consisting of having a measurement unit. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-18-10 has_unit gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-18-10 Sclerite A encircles_via_conjunctiva sclerite B if A is encircled_via_conjuntiva X that encircles B. encircles via conjunctiva Sclerite A encircles_via_conjunctiva sclerite B if A is encircled_via_conjuntiva X that encircles B. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 2021-05-31 Sclerite B is encircled_via_conjunctiva if sclerite A encircles_via_conjuntiva X sclerite B. encircled via conjunctiva Sclerite B is encircled_via_conjunctiva if sclerite A encircles_via_conjuntiva X sclerite B. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-06-14 a core relation that holds between a part and its whole part_of BFO:0000050 protein quality spatial uberon part_of part of part of part_of a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has_part BFO:0000051 protein quality spatial uberon has_part has part has part has_part x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. is preceded by preceded_by BFO:0000062 uberon preceded_by preceded by preceded by x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 uberon precedes precedes precedes b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in BFO:0000066 occurs in [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains process contains process x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000096 rostral_to spatial uberon anterior_to anterior to x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:0000097 spatial uberon distal_to distal to x distal to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). BSPO:cjm x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 spatial uberon dorsal_to dorsal to x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 spatial uberon posterior_to posterior to x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:0000100 NCIT:C25236 spatial uberon proximal_to proximal to x proximal to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. BSPO:cjm x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 spatial uberon ventral_to ventral to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole. BSPO:0000104 spatial approximately_perpendicular_to approximately perpendicular to Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole. BSPO:cjm On the opposite side from. For example, the left arm is contralateral to the right arm (and the right leg). BSPO:0000106 spatial contralateral_to contralateral to On the opposite side from. For example, the left arm is contralateral to the right arm (and the right leg). BSPO:cjm Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 spatial uberon deep_to deep to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:cjm Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 spatial uberon superficial_to superficial to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:cjm Closer to the left side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is left of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:0000110 spatial left_of left of Closer to the left side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is left of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:cjm Closer to the right side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is right of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:0000111 spatial right_of right of Closer to the right side of the organism. Example: The dorsal fin is right of the left pectoral fin, but is left of the right eye. On the type level: X left of Y <=> every instance x of X is right of some instance y of Y, and there exists some organism o such that x part of o and y part of o. BSPO:cjm Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis. BSPO:0000113 spatial opposite_to opposite to Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis. BSPO:cjm X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 NCIT:C25229 spatial uberon in_left_side_of in left side of X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 NCIT:C25228 spatial uberon in_right_side_of in right side of X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:0000122 spatial uberon in_posterior_side_of in posterior side of X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 spatial uberon in_anterior_side_of in anterior side of X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 spatial uberon in_proximal_side_of in proximal side of x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 spatial uberon in_distal_side_of in distal side of x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 spatial uberon in_lateral_side_of in lateral side of X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure UBERON:cjm x is parallel t y iff x and y are lines or planes which when extended indefinitely do not cross. spatial parallel_to parallel to x is parallel t y iff x and y are lines or planes which when extended indefinitely do not cross. BSPO:curators X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 spatial uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost part of X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0001107 spatial uberon immediately_deep_to immediately deep to x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y BSPO:0001108 spatial uberon distalmost_part_of distalmost part of X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X intersects median plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y. BSPO:0005001 spatial uberon intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects midsagittal plane of BSPO:0015001 spatial finishes_axis finishes axis crossing at right angles BSPO:0015005 spatial orthogonal_to orthogonal to crossing at right angles BSPO:cjm Intersects at two points. BSPO:0015006 spatial passes_through passes through Intersects at two points. BSPO:cjm BSPO:0015007 spatial starts_axis starts axis BSPO:0015008 spatial surface_of surface of x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0015014 spatial uberon immediately_superficial_to immediately superficial to x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:0015101 spatial uberon in_dorsal_side_of in dorsal side of X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:cjm lacks_part lacks_plasma_membrane_part GOREL:0002003 external results_in_distribution_of results in distribution of results_in_distribution_of GOREL:0002004 external results_in_fission_of results in fission of results_in_fission_of A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is about A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically denotes inverse of the relation 'denotes' denoted by The inverse property of is_specified_output_of has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_output_of a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in RO:0000052 characteristic of Inverse of characteristic_of bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 has characteristic a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 uberon participates_in participates in participates in a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has_participant RO:0000057 has participant a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence function_of is function of RO:0000079 function of a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence is quality of quality_of RO:0000080 quality of a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence is role of role_of RO:0000081 role of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has_function RO:0000085 has function a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has_quality RO:0000086 protein uberon has_quality has quality has quality has_quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has_role RO:0000087 has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence RO:0000091 has disposition inverse of has disposition RO:0000092 disposition of a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location location_of RO:0001015 uberon location_of location of location of contained_in obsolete contained in RO:0001019 uberon contains contains obsolete contains a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location located_in RO:0001025 protein uberon located_in located in located in located_in a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of surface of RO:0002000 2D boundary of a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity has boundary has_2D_boundary RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has 2D boundary has 2D boundary RO:0002005 uberon innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of bounding layer of bounding layer of A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other. coincident with A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z RO:0002013 has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z RO:0002014 has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z RO:0002015 has positive regulatory component activity 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z RO:0002017 has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z RO:0002018 has component process A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization. 2017-07-20T17:19:37Z RO:0002021 occurs across 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z RO:0002022 directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z RO:0002023 directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z RO:0002024 directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z RO:0002025 has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos <= RO:0002081 before or simultaneous with x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time. RO:0002082 uberon simultaneous_with simultaneous with simultaneous with RO:0002086 ends after starts_at_end_of RO:0002087 uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately preceded by immediately preceded by ends_at_start_of meets RO:0002090 immediately precedes Relation between a neuron and a material anatomical entity that its soma is part of. RO:0002100 has soma location Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. RO:0002103 uberon synapsed_by synapsed by synapsed by Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part. RO:0002104 has plasma membrane part Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. RO:0002120 synapsed to x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. RO:0002131 spatial uberon overlaps overlaps overlaps x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BSPO:cjm Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. RO:0002134 uberon innervates innervates innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous with continuous with two individual entities d1 and d2 stand in a shares_ancestor_with relation if and only if there exists some a such that d1 derived_by_descent_from a and d2 derived_by_descent_from a. Consider obsoleting and merging with child relation, 'in homology relationship with' RO:0002158 uberon homologous_to shares ancestor with x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. RO:0002160 protein uberon only_in_taxon only in taxon only_in_taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. RO:0002162 uberon in_taxon in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy RO:0002163 spatially disjoint from a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected to connected to c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002177 uberon attaches_to_part_of attached to part of attached to part of Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. RO:0002178 uberon supplies supplies supplies Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. RO:0002179 uberon drains drains drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 protein uberon has_component has component has component has_component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops from develops from inverse of develops from RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops into develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. RO:0002207 has developmental precursor uberon directly_develops_from directly develops from directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of RO:0002210 directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) RO:0002211 regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 positively regulates A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 uberon capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in RO:0002216 uberon capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded by x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. RO:0002220 spatial uberon adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent to inverse of surrounded by RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. RO:0002222 temporally related to inverse of starts with RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. started by RO:0002224 uberon starts_with starts with starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y RO:0002225 uberon develops_from_part_of develops from part of develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing RO:0002226 uberon develops_in develops in develops in inverse of ends with RO:0002229 uberon ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. finished by RO:0002230 uberon ends_with ends with ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y starts with process that occurs in RO:0002231 has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y ends with process that occurs in RO:0002232 has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes RO:0002233 has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces RO:0002234 has output b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t. RO:0002252 uberon connecting_branch_of connecting branch of inverse of connecting branch of RO:0002253 has connecting branch x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from RO:0002255 developmentally contributes to t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T induced by We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm] RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally induced by developmentally induced by Inverse of developmentally induced by RO:0002257 developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one RO:0002258 developmentally preceded by c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. RO:0002263 acts upstream of c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. RO:0002264 acts upstream of or within x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else replaces RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally replaces developmentally replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by RO:0002286 developmentally succeeded by RO:0002287 part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). RO:0002295 results in developmental progression of p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state. RO:0002296 results in development of RO:0002297 results in formation of anatomical entity The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state. RO:0002298 results in morphogenesis of The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity. RO:0002299 results in maturation of p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. RO:0002304 causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. RO:0002305 causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. inheres in part of RO:0002314 characteristic of part of The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity RO:0002315 results in acquisition of features of A relationship that holds via some environmental process Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. RO:0002320 evolutionarily related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships RO:0002323 mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development RO:0002324 developmentally related to c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. RO:0002327 enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false RO:0002329 part of structure that is capable of RO:0002330 protein genomically_related_to genomically_related_to c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of RO:0002331 involved in inverse of enables RO:0002333 enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) RO:0002334 regulated by inverse of negatively regulates RO:0002335 negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates RO:0002336 positively regulated by A relationship that holds via some process of localization Do not use this relation directly. It is a grouping relation. RO:0002337 related via localization to This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination. RO:0002338 has target start location This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. RO:0002339 has target end location Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l RO:0002341 results in transport along Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m. RO:0002342 results in transport across RO:0002343 results in growth of RO:0002344 results in transport to from or in is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of RO:0002350 member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. RO:0002351 uberon has_member has member has member inverse of has input RO:0002352 uberon input_of input of input of inverse of has output RO:0002353 protein uberon output_of output of output of output_of RO:0002354 formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002371 uberon attaches_to attached to attached to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. RO:0002372 uberon has_muscle_origin has muscle origin has muscle origin m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. RO:0002373 uberon has_muscle_insertion has muscle insertion has muscle insertion A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) RO:0002375 in branching relationship with x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. drains into drains to tributary channel of This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) RO:0002376 uberon tributary_of tributary of tributary of x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios RO:0002379 spatially coextensive with x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y RO:0002380 uberon branching_part_of branching part of branching part of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). RO:0002384 has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y RO:0002386 has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y RO:0002388 has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of RO:0002404 causally downstream of RO:0002405 immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates RO:0002407 indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits RO:0002409 indirectly negatively regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. RO:0002410 causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. RO:0002411 causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. RO:0002412 immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. influences (processual) RO:0002418 causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within RO:0002427 causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p RO:0002428 involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p RO:0002429 involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p RO:0002430 involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p involved in or reguates RO:0002431 involved in or involved in regulation of c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. executes activity in RO:0002432 enables activity in is active in c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. RO:0002434 in pairwise interaction with interacts with An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. binds molecularly binds with RO:0002436 molecularly interacts with An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. RO:0002447 phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. RO:0002448 molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits RO:0002449 molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates RO:0002450 molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. RO:0002464 helper property (not for use in curation) x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. RO:0002473 uberon composed_primarily_of composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. RO:0002479 has part that occurs in RO:0002481 is kinase activity RO:0002485 receives input from RO:0002486 sends output to Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. RO:0002487 relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). RO:0002488 uberon existence_starts_during existence starts during x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence starts with x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) RO:0002490 existence overlaps x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) RO:0002491 exists during uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence starts and ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon existence_ends_during existence ends during Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence ends with x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships RO:0002494 uberon transformation_of transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t RO:0002495 uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process RO:0002500 causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. RO:0002501 causal relation between processes RO:0002502 depends on Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. RO:0002506 causal relation between entities A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. has supporting framework The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell). RO:0002551 uberon has_skeleton has skeleton causally influenced by (entity-centric) RO:0002559 causally influenced by RO:0002563 interaction relation helper property RO:0002564 molecular interaction relation helper property Holds between p and c when p is locomotion process and the outcome of this process is the change of location of c RO:0002565 results in movement of The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) RO:0002566 causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. RO:0002567 biomechanically related to m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. RO:0002568 uberon has_muscle_antagonist has muscle antagonist inverse of branching part of RO:0002569 uberon has_branching_part has branching part x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through. RO:0002570 uberon conduit_for conduit for x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. RO:0002571 uberon lumen_of lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal space of inverse of has skeleton RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton of p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. directly regulates (processual) RO:0002578 directly regulates s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p RO:0002584 has part structure that is capable of p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p RO:0002586 results in breakdown of RO:0002588 results in assembly of RO:0002590 results in disassembly of p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c RO:0002592 results in organization of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. RO:0002595 causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. RO:0002596 capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. RO:0002597 capable of negatively regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. RO:0002598 capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' RO:0002608 process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002629 directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002630 directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. RO:0003000 uberon produces produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced by produced by p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z RO:0004007 has primary input or output 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z RO:0004008 has primary output 2018-12-13T11:26:56Z RO:0004009 has primary input Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z RO:0004031 enables subfunction 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z RO:0004032 acts upstream of or within, positive effect 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z RO:0004033 acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z RO:0004034 acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z RO:0004035 acts upstream of, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z RO:0004046 causally upstream of or within, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z RO:0004047 causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. RO:0011002 regulates activity of p acts on population of c iff c' is a collection, has members of type c, and p has participant c 2020-06-08T17:21:33Z RO:0012003 acts on population of 2021-02-26T07:28:29Z RO:0012008 results in fusion of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z RO:0012011 indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z RO:0012012 indirectly regulates q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. decreased in magnitude relative to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. RO:0015011 has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z RO:0017001 device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019000 regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019001 positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. RO:0019002 negatively regulates characteristic This property only applies to anatomical entities. is anatomical entity A relation that holds between a polymer and its constituent monomers. P has_constituent_monomer c if and only if P has_component multiple instances of c and each instance of c is covalently attached to another instance of c. RO:0020337 protein has_constituent_monomer has_constituent_monomer A relation that holds between a polymer and its constituent monomers. P has_constituent_monomer c if and only if P has_component multiple instances of c and each instance of c is covalently attached to another instance of c. PRO:DAN p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z RO:0040036 results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure OBSOLETE. q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to obsolete decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to OBSOLETE. q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM OBSOLETE. q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality different_in_magnitude_relative_to obsolete different_in_magnitude_relative_to OBSOLETE. q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM OBSOLETE. q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality increased_in_magnitude_relative_to obsolete increased_in_magnitude_relative_to OBSOLETE. q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM OBSOLETE. q1 similar_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality similar_in_magnitude_relative_to obsolete similar_in_magnitude_relative_to OBSOLETE. q1 similar_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM See document https://docs.google.com/document/d/15iVMtMyYbQSlvUDgn2XUaDzpwkB0USZI for full definition. protein has_gene_template has_gene_template See document https://docs.google.com/document/d/15iVMtMyYbQSlvUDgn2XUaDzpwkB0USZI for full definition. PRO:DAN x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. uberon anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon channel_for channel for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. uberon distally_connected_to distally connected to x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. uberon filtered_through filtered through a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. uberon indirectly_supplies indirectly_supplies uberon layer_part_of layer part of x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon protects protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. uberon proximally_connected_to proximally connected to x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon sexually_homologous_to sexually_homologous_to c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. uberon site_of site_of uberon subdivision_of subdivision of uberon transitively_anteriorly_connected_to transitively anteriorly connected to uberon transitively_distally_connected_to transitively distally connected to uberon transitively_proximally_connected_to transitively proximally connected to The highest value of a measurement range. has maximum value The highest value of a measurement range. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 has maximum value gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 The lowest value of a measurement range. has minimum value The lowest value of a measurement range. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 has minimum value gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 The highest value of a measurement range excluding the boundary value. has maximum value exclusive The highest value of a measurement range excluding the boundary value. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 has maximum value exclusive gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 The maximum value of a measurement range including the boundary value. has maximum value inclusive The maximum value of a measurement range including the boundary value. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 has maximum value inclusive gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 The minimum value of a measurement range excluding the boundary value. has minimum value exclusive The minimum value of a measurement range excluding the boundary value. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 has minimum value exclusive gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 The minimum value of a measurement range including the boundary value. has minimum value inclusive The minimum value of a measurement range including the boundary value. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 has minimum value inclusive gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-31 A protein coding gene resilin in fruit fly. gene FlyBase:FBgn0034157 resilin (fruit fly) A protein coding gene resilin in fruit fly. PRO:DNx The projection of the inner surface of the cuticle. cuticular internal depression imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The projection of the inner surface of the cuticle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-05-19 Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to mechanically active organs and tissue. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilin This is a generalized term to refer to this protein as the only option available now is pro-resilin (fruit fly) [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q9V7U0] resilin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to mechanically active organs and tissue. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 This is a generalized term to refer to this protein as the only option available now is pro-resilin (fruit fly) [http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q9V7U0] jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 resilin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 The region of cuticle that is composed two articular surfaces that are adjacent to each other. Articulations are 'anatomical clusters', collections of not direclty connected (continuous) sclerite surfaces that are adjacent to another sclerite. The cranio-mandibular articulation is the articular surface of the cranium and the adjacent articular surface of the mandible. The articular surfaces are sometimes located on the same sclerite. insect articulation imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that is composed two articular surfaces that are adjacent to each other. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 Articulations are 'anatomical clusters', collections of not direclty connected (continuous) sclerite surfaces that are adjacent to another sclerite. The cranio-mandibular articulation is the articular surface of the cranium and the adjacent articular surface of the mandible. The articular surfaces are sometimes located on the same sclerite. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the insect cuticle that is less flexible than the neighboring conjunctiva(e) (conjunctiva(e) that the sclerite is continuous with. esclerito http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/fbcvq.html?query=FBbt:00004475 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6004475 insect sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the insect cuticle that is less flexible than the neighboring conjunctiva(e) (conjunctiva(e) that the sclerite is continuous with. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 esclerito 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/fbcvq.html?query=FBbt:00004475 sclerite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000909 The area of the cuticle that is less flexible than adjacent conjunctivae. sclerite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6004475 insect sclerite insect sclerite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sclerite: distinctly sclerotized region of the integument, with thick layer of exocuticle." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the insect cuticle that is more flexible than the neighboring sclerite(s) [sclerite(s) that the conjunctiva is continuous with]. Conjunctivae are more flexible and usually less thick than sclerties of the cuticle allowing the sclerites to move relative to each other. Micro-CT based methods cannot be used to accurately differentiate slcerites from conjunctiuvae. CLSM (the excitation wavelengths of sclerites and conjunctivae are different in response of 488 nm emission vawelength), histological sections or simple dissections need to be applied to define relative flexibility of the insect cuticle. If a conjunctiva entirelly encircles a sclerite, then the 'encircles' and 'encircled by' object properties are used to link the sclerite and the conjunctiva even in cases in which the encircled sclerites or conjunctivae are part of an evagination allowing to model spatial relationship between appendage segments: the pedicel is encircled by the scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva, which is encircled by the scape or the the coxa encircles the coxo-femoral conjunctiuva that encircels the femur. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000221 membrane conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the insect cuticle that is more flexible than the neighboring sclerite(s) [sclerite(s) that the conjunctiva is continuous with]. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 Conjunctivae are more flexible and usually less thick than sclerties of the cuticle allowing the sclerites to move relative to each other. Micro-CT based methods cannot be used to accurately differentiate slcerites from conjunctiuvae. CLSM (the excitation wavelengths of sclerites and conjunctivae are different in response of 488 nm emission vawelength), histological sections or simple dissections need to be applied to define relative flexibility of the insect cuticle. If a conjunctiva entirelly encircles a sclerite, then the 'encircles' and 'encircled by' object properties are used to link the sclerite and the conjunctiva even in cases in which the encircled sclerites or conjunctivae are part of an evagination allowing to model spatial relationship between appendage segments: the pedicel is encircled by the scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva, which is encircled by the scape or the the coxa encircles the coxo-femoral conjunctiuva that encircels the femur. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000221 The area of the cuticle that is more flexible than adjacent sclerites. conjunctiva membrane Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Membrane: very flexible, unsclerotized area of the integument." The region of the cuticle that corresponds to a concave surface. External cuticular depression. The surface of the cuticle in insects is the entire surface of an organism, and it is composed of flat, concave and convex regions. Concavities sometimes correspons with invaginations of the cuticle and the underlaying sinlge layer epidermis, somtimes correspond to a decreased cuticular thickness. cuticular depression imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the cuticle that corresponds to a concave surface. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 External cuticular depression. The surface of the cuticle in insects is the entire surface of an organism, and it is composed of flat, concave and convex regions. Concavities sometimes correspons with invaginations of the cuticle and the underlaying sinlge layer epidermis, somtimes correspond to a decreased cuticular thickness. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that corresponds with an invagination of the single layer epidermis (epidermal fold). The cuticular invagination sometimes corresponds to a cuticular depression (concavity on the surface of the cuticle). cuticular invagination imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that corresponds with an invagination of the single layer epidermis (epidermal fold). The cuticular invagination sometimes corresponds to a cuticular depression (concavity on the surface of the cuticle). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 The region of cuticle with higher content of resilin. elastic cuticle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2024-02-14: updated to 'composed primarily of' and linked to resilin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle with higher content of resilin. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 elastic cuticle 2020-10-27 The region of the cuticle that corresponds to a convex surface. The surface of the cuticle in insects is the entire surface of an organism, and it is composed of flat, concave and convex regions. Convexities sometimes correspons with evaginations of the cuticle and the underlaying sinlge layer epidermis and sometimes correspond to an increased cuticular thickness." cuticular protrusion imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the cuticle that corresponds to a convex surface. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 The surface of the cuticle in insects is the entire surface of an organism, and it is composed of flat, concave and convex regions. Convexities sometimes correspons with evaginations of the cuticle and the underlaying sinlge layer epidermis and sometimes correspond to an increased cuticular thickness." imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular depression that is adjacent to a cuticular condyle. cuticular fossa jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 The cuticular depression that is adjacent to a cuticular condyle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 cuticular fossa jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 The cuticular protrusion that is part of an insect sclerite and adjacent to an articular surface. cuticular condyle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 The cuticular protrusion that is part of an insect sclerite and adjacent to an articular surface. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 cuticular condyle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 A part or structure that is produced by evagination. evaginated imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 A part or structure that is produced by evagination. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 evaginated imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 The articulation between the mandible and the cranium. insect cranio-mandibular articulation imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The articulation between the mandible and the cranium. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 insect cranio-mandibular articulation Modified 2023-02-05: specified insect. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The articulation between the cardo and the head capsule. cranio-cardinal articulation imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The articulation between the cardo and the head capsule. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 The articulation between the scapus and the cranium. cranio-antennal articulation imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The articulation between the scapus and the cranium. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 The articulation between the head and the neck. insect head-cervical articulation imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The articulation between the head and the neck. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-10-27 insect head-cervical articulation Modified 2023-02-05: specified insect. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect maxilla that is attached to the head capsule by the oral foraminal conjunctiva and to the cuticle of stipes by the stipito-cardinal conjunctiva. cuticle of cardo cardo imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite of the insect maxilla that is attached to the head capsule by the oral foraminal conjunctiva and to the cuticle of stipes by the stipito-cardinal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 cuticle of cardo 2023-04-13 cardo Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Cardo: basal element of maxilla, articulating with head capsule; usually moved by one cranial muscle and one tentorial muscle." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The sclerite of the insect head that is attached to the neck membrane and the oral foraminal conjunctiva, bears the eye cuticle and surrounds the brain cephalic capsule insect cranium head capsule imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite of the insect head that is attached to the neck membrane and the oral foraminal conjunctiva, bears the eye cuticle and surrounds the brain jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 cephalic capsule jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 insect cranium imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 head capsule Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "The head capsule is almost always a rigid, well sclerotized structural unit, equipped with a defined set of appendages. It is reinforced by strengthening ridges and the endoskeletal tentorium" The axillary sclerite that is on the dorsal region of the basal wing conjunctiva and lateral to the first axillary sclerite. dorsal second axillary sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The axillary sclerite that is on the dorsal region of the basal wing conjunctiva and lateral to the first axillary sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the tergum by the metanoto-abdominal tergite I conjunctiva. abdominal tergite I jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the tergum by the metanoto-abdominal tergite I conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The axillary sclerite that is part of the dorsal region of the basal wing conjunctiva and is anterior to the third axillary sclerite. first axillary sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The axillary sclerite that is part of the dorsal region of the basal wing conjunctiva and is anterior to the third axillary sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect maxilla that is attached to the stipes by the stipito-galeal conjunctiva. cuticle of galea galea jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect maxilla that is attached to the stipes by the stipito-galeal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of galea 2023-04-13 galea Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Galea: outer endite lobe of maxilla, usually semimembranous and equipped with sensilla (mainly chemoreceptors)." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the labium that is attached to the palpiger by the palpigero-palpal conjunctiva. cuticle of labial palpus labial palpus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the labium that is attached to the palpiger by the palpigero-palpal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of labial palpus 2023-04-13 labial palpus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Labial palp: tactile appendage of the labium." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of stipes by the stipito-lacinial conjunctiva. cuticle of lacinia lacinia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of stipes by the stipito-lacinial conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of lacinia 2023-04-13 lacinia Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Lacinia: inner endite lobe of maxilla, usually firmly connected or fused with stipes; usually sclerotized, with mesally curved apex and articulated spines arranged along mesal edge." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle that corresponds with an evagination of the cuticle and the single layer epidermis (epidermal fold). The cuticular evagination usually corresponds to a cuticular protrusion (convexity on the surface of the cuticle). cuticular evagination jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-01 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that corresponds with an evagination of the cuticle and the single layer epidermis (epidermal fold). The cuticular evagination usually corresponds to a cuticular protrusion (convexity on the surface of the cuticle). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The cuticular protrusion that does not correspond to an evagination. solid cuticular protrusion imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular protrusion that does not correspond to an evagination. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 solid cuticular protrusion 2020-11-11 The evagination of the cuticle that is musculated (connected to the body via muscles). cuticle of insect appendage insect appendage jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-01 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The evagination of the cuticle that is musculated (connected to the body via muscles). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticle of insect appendage 2023-04-13 insect appendage Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "any part, piece, or organ attached by a joint to the body or to any other main structure" Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the insect thorax that is composed of coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, and pretarsus. cuticle of insect leg insect leg jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the insect thorax that is composed of coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, and pretarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of insect leg 2023-04-13 insect leg Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the appendage of the head capsule that is connected by the antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva to the cuticle of the scapus, which is connected by the scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva to the cuticle of the pedicellus; the cuticle of the pedicellus is connected by the pedicellar-first flagellomeral conjunctiva to the cuticle of the first flagellomere; the cuticle of the first flagellomere is connected by interflagellomeral conjunctiva to the next cuticle of flagellomere. Further cuticle of flagellomeres are connected to each other by interflagellomeral conjunctiva. cuticle of antenna antenna imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the head capsule that is connected by the antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva to the cuticle of the scapus, which is connected by the scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva to the cuticle of the pedicellus; the cuticle of the pedicellus is connected by the pedicellar-first flagellomeral conjunctiva to the cuticle of the first flagellomere; the cuticle of the first flagellomere is connected by interflagellomeral conjunctiva to the next cuticle of flagellomere. Further cuticle of flagellomeres are connected to each other by interflagellomeral conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of antenna 2023-04-13 antenna Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Antenna: head appendage of segment 2, innervated by deutocerebrum; in Insecta composed of scapus, pedicellus and flagellum; primarily multisegmented and filiform." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the flat, paired appendage on the dorso-lateral region of the pterothorax. cuticle of insect wing insect wing imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the flat, paired appendage on the dorso-lateral region of the pterothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of insect wing 2023-04-13 insect wing Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "in adult insects or subimago of Ephemeroptera, paired mambranous appendages, supported by veins, located on the mesothorax or metathorax, functioning in flight" Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the prothorax that is anterior to the cuticle of a mid leg and composed of cuticle of procoxa, cuticle of protrochanter, cuticle of profemur, cuticle of protibia, cuticle of protarsus, and cuticle of propretarsus. cuticle of fore leg fore leg jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the prothorax that is anterior to the cuticle of a mid leg and composed of cuticle of procoxa, cuticle of protrochanter, cuticle of profemur, cuticle of protibia, cuticle of protarsus, and cuticle of propretarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 cuticle of fore leg 2023-04-13 fore leg Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the mesothorax that is posterior to the cuticle of a fore leg, anterior to the cuticle of a hind leg, and composed of cuticle of mesocoxa, cuticle of mesotrochanter, cuticle of mesofemur, cuticle of mesotibia, cuticle of mesotarsus, and cuticle of mesopretarsus. cuticle of mid leg mid leg jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the mesothorax that is posterior to the cuticle of a fore leg, anterior to the cuticle of a hind leg, and composed of cuticle of mesocoxa, cuticle of mesotrochanter, cuticle of mesofemur, cuticle of mesotibia, cuticle of mesotarsus, and cuticle of mesopretarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 cuticle of mid leg 2023-04-13 mid leg Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the metathorax that is posterior to the cuticle of a mid leg and composed of cuticle of metacoxa, cuticle of metatrochanter, cuticle of metafemur, cuticle of metatibia, cuticle of metatarsus, and cuticle of metapretarsus. cuticle of hind leg hind leg jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the metathorax that is posterior to the cuticle of a mid leg and composed of cuticle of metacoxa, cuticle of metatrochanter, cuticle of metafemur, cuticle of metatibia, cuticle of metatarsus, and cuticle of metapretarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 cuticle of hind leg 2023-04-13 hind leg Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired insect wing that is continuous with the mesonotum. cuticle of fore wing fore wing imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticle of the paired insect wing that is continuous with the mesonotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of fore wing 2023-04-13 fore wing Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired insect wing that is continuous with the metanotum. cuticle of hind wing hind wing imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticle of the paired insect wing that is continuous with the metanotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of hind wing 2023-04-13 hind wing 2021-12-08Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The unicellular cuticular evagination that constitutes a sclerite with its base surrounded by socket membrane. cuticular seta imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The unicellular cuticular evagination that constitutes a sclerite with its base surrounded by socket membrane. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 cuticular seta Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Seta (=macrotrichium): articulated hair with socket, formed by trichogen cell." 2021-12-10 2020-11-11 The multicellular evagination of the cuticle that corresponds to an epithelial fold, composed of some sclerite that is encricled by a conjunctiva (moveable). The difference between an appendage and a spur is the lack of muscles attached to the spur, otherwise, the mandible would be also a spur. Spines are multicellular evaginations that are not encircled by conjunctivae. Moveable beetle horns are spurs while not moveable beetle horns are spines. cuticular spur imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The multicellular evagination of the cuticle that corresponds to an epithelial fold, composed of some sclerite that is encricled by a conjunctiva (moveable). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The difference between an appendage and a spur is the lack of muscles attached to the spur, otherwise, the mandible would be also a spur. Spines are multicellular evaginations that are not encircled by conjunctivae. Moveable beetle horns are spurs while not moveable beetle horns are spines. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular spur Richards AG, Richards PA (1979) The cuticular protuberances of insects. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 8: 143–157. "Multicellular protuberances without differentiation of specialized cells" 2021-12-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(79)90013-8 The seta that is flat. cuticular scale imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The seta that is flat. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular scale 2021-12-10 The cuticle of the mouthpart and appendage that is attached to the clypeus by the clypeo-labral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the epipharynx. cuticle of labrum labrum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mouthpart and appendage that is attached to the clypeus by the clypeo-labral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the epipharynx. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of labrum 2023-04-13 labrum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Labrum: unpaired upper lip, connected with distal edge of clypeus." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the mouthpart and sclerite between the cuticle of the labrum and the cuticle of the insect maxilla that is attached to the head capsule by the oral foraminal conjunctiva and the cranio-mandibular muscle. cuticle of insect mandible insect mandible imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mouthpart and sclerite between the cuticle of the labrum and the cuticle of the insect maxilla that is attached to the head capsule by the oral foraminal conjunctiva and the cranio-mandibular muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of insect mandible 2023-04-13 insect mandible Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "The mandibles are the paired appendages of the 4th head segment and receive their innervation from the anterior part of the suboesophageal ganglion [...] They are primarily a compact, undivided and strongly sclerotized element without appendages." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the mouthpart appendage of the head capsule, between the cuticle of the insect mandible and the cuticle of the labium, composed of cuticle of cardo, which is attached to the cuticle of stipes by the cardo-stipital conjunctiva; the cuticle of stipes, which is attached to the cuticle of galea by the stipito-galeal conjunctiva, to the cuticle of lacinia by the stipito-lacinial conjunctiva, and to the cuticle of palpifer by the stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva; the cuticle of palpifer is attached to the cuticle of maxillary palpus by the palpifero-palpal conjunctiva. cuticle of insect maxilla insect maxilla imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mouthpart appendage of the head capsule, between the cuticle of the insect mandible and the cuticle of the labium, composed of cuticle of cardo, which is attached to the cuticle of stipes by the cardo-stipital conjunctiva; the cuticle of stipes, which is attached to the cuticle of galea by the stipito-galeal conjunctiva, to the cuticle of lacinia by the stipito-lacinial conjunctiva, and to the cuticle of palpifer by the stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva; the cuticle of palpifer is attached to the cuticle of maxillary palpus by the palpifero-palpal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of insect maxilla 2023-04-13 insect maxilla Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Maxilla: head appendage of segment 5, innervated by maxillary nerve originating from intermediate part of suboesophageal complex; primarily composed of cardo, stipes, endite lobes (lacinia, galea) and maxillary palp." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that connects the mesothorax and the metathorax. mesothoracic-metathoracic conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that connects the mesothorax and the metathorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax joining the prothorax and the mesothorax. prothoracic-mesothoracic conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax joining the prothorax and the mesothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2020-03-18 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect leg that is attached to the cuticle of tarsus by the tarso-distitarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of distitarsus pretarsus distitarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect leg that is attached to the cuticle of tarsus by the tarso-distitarsal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2026-02-14 2021-03-18 cuticle of distitarsus 2023-04-13 pretarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 distitarsus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pretarsus: apical element of leg bearing ungues; distinct and cylindrical in entognathous hexapods, strongly reduced in Insecta." Dashman, T. (1953) Terminology of the pretarsus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 46, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/46.1.56 "The distitarsus is the terminal, or most distal tarsal segment" Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus to better reflect distal position on the leg. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the cuticle of labium composed of the cuticle of glossa and cuticle of paraglossa jointly. cuticle of ligula ligula imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the cuticle of labium composed of the cuticle of glossa and cuticle of paraglossa jointly. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of ligula 2023-04-13 ligula Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "Ligula - The terminal lobes of the labium collectively, or a terminal part of the labium formed by the union of the lobes." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the appendage of the labium, and part of the ligula, that is attached to the prementum by the premental-glossal conjunctiva. cuticle of glossa glossa imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the labium, and part of the ligula, that is attached to the prementum by the premental-glossal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of glossa 2023-04-13 glossa Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Glossa: paired inner endite lobes of the prementum." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the labium, and part of the ligula, that is attached to the cuticle of prementum by the premental-paraglossal conjunctiva. cuticle of paraglossa paraglossa imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired appendage of the labium, and part of the ligula, that is attached to the cuticle of prementum by the premental-paraglossal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of paraglossa 2023-04-13 paraglossa Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Paraglossa: paired outer endite lobes of the prementum (labium)." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of palpifer by the palpifero-palpal conjunctiva. cuticle of maxillary palpus maxillary palpus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-04-13 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of palpifer by the palpifero-palpal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of maxillary palpus 2023-04-13 maxillary palpus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Palp: tactile appendage of maxilla" Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The notum or sclerite on the dorsal region of the mesothorax that is posterior to the pronotum, connected via the mesonoto-mesopleural conjuntiva to the dorsal margin of the mesopleuron, that is not adjacent to the mesocoxa, but attached to it by the mesocoxal muscle. mesonotum jcgiron imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jcgiron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jcgiron jcgiron jcgiron jcgiron The notum or sclerite on the dorsal region of the mesothorax that is posterior to the pronotum, connected via the mesonoto-mesopleural conjuntiva to the dorsal margin of the mesopleuron, that is not adjacent to the mesocoxa, but attached to it by the mesocoxal muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The sclerite that is continuous with the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva and the basal wing conjunctiva and contains the mesofurca. mesopectus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite that is continuous with the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva and the basal wing conjunctiva and contains the mesofurca. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 mesopectus 2020-11-11 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The trochantin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the mesothorax and is attached to a mesocoxa and surrounded by the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva. mesotrochantin imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The trochantin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the mesothorax and is attached to a mesocoxa and surrounded by the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 mesotrochantin 2020-11-11 The trochantin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the prothorax and is attached to a procoxa and surrounded by the basal procoxal conjunctiva. protrochantin imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The trochantin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the prothorax and is attached to a procoxa and surrounded by the basal procoxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 protrochantin 2020-11-11 The trochantin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the metathorax and is attached to a metacoxa and surrounded by the basal metacoxal conjunctiva. metatrochantin imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The trochantin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the metathorax and is attached to a metacoxa and surrounded by the basal metacoxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 metatrochantin 2020-11-11 The sclerite of the labium that is connected to the mentum by the mental-premental conjunctiva, to the palpiger by the premental-palpigeral conjunctiva, to the paraglossa by the premental-paraglossal conjunctiva, and to the glossa by the premental-glossal conjunctiva. prementum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the labium that is connected to the mentum by the mental-premental conjunctiva, to the palpiger by the premental-palpigeral conjunctiva, to the paraglossa by the premental-paraglossal conjunctiva, and to the glossa by the premental-glossal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 prementum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Prementum: distal main element of labium, bearing the endite lobes (glossa and paraglossa) and the labial palp." The sclerite that is posterior to the pronotum and receives the site of attachment of the dilutor muscle of the first thoracic spiracle. prepectus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite that is posterior to the pronotum and receives the site of attachment of the dilutor muscle of the first thoracic spiracle. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 prepectus 2020-11-11 The notum or sclerite on the dorsal region of the prothorax that is attached to cranial muscles, procoxal muscles, contiuous posterioirly with the neck membrane and with pronoto-propleural conjunctiva and not adjacent (not touching) to the procoxa. pronotum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The notum or sclerite on the dorsal region of the prothorax that is attached to cranial muscles, procoxal muscles, contiuous posterioirly with the neck membrane and with pronoto-propleural conjunctiva and not adjacent (not touching) to the procoxa. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2022-03-09 2021-03-18 pronotum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pronotum: prothoracic tergum." The cuticle of the mere that is part of the labial palpus. cuticle of labial palpomere labial palpomere jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the labial palpus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of labial palpomere 2023-04-13 labial palpomere Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The sclerite on the ventral region of the prothorax that bears the profurca and is attached to the propleuro-prosternal conjunctiva. prosternum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite on the ventral region of the prothorax that bears the profurca and is attached to the propleuro-prosternal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The sclerite that is cylindrical and encircles and is encircled by conjunctiva. ring sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is cylindrical and encircles and is encircled by conjunctiva. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 The ring sclerite that is part of an appendage and is attached to muscle. cuticle of appendage segment appendage segment imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The ring sclerite that is part of an appendage and is attached to muscle. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 cuticle of appendage segment 2023-04-13 appendage segment Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the mid leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the mesothorax by the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva. cuticle of mesocoxa mesocoxa imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the mid leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the mesothorax by the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of mesocoxa 2023-04-13 mesocoxa Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the hind leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the metathorax by the basal metacoxal conjunctiva. cuticle of metacoxa metacoxa imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the hind leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the metathorax by the basal metacoxal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of metacoxa 2023-04-13 metacoxa Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the fore leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the prothorax by the basal procoxal conjunctiva. cuticle of procoxa procoxa imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the fore leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the prothorax by the basal procoxal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of procoxa 2023-04-13 procoxa Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a fore leg attached to the distal margin of the profemur by the profemoro-protibial conjunctiva. cuticle of protibia protibia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a fore leg attached to the distal margin of the profemur by the profemoro-protibial conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 cuticle of protibia 2023-04-13 protibia Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a mid leg attached to the distal margin of the mesofemur by the mesofemoro-mesotibial conjunctiva. cuticle of mesotibia mesotibia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a mid leg attached to the distal margin of the mesofemur by the mesofemoro-mesotibial conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 cuticle of mesotibia 2023-04-13 mesotibia Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a hind leg attached to the distal margin of the metafemur by the metafemoro-metatibial conjunctiva. cuticle of metatibia metatibia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a hind leg attached to the distal margin of the metafemur by the metafemoro-metatibial conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 cuticle of metatibia 2023-04-13 metatibia Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a fore leg attached to the distal margin of the protrochanter by the protrochantero-profemoral conjunctiva. cuticle of profemur profemur jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a fore leg attached to the distal margin of the protrochanter by the protrochantero-profemoral conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of profemur 2023-04-13 profemur Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a mid leg attached to the distal margin of the mesotrochanter by the mesotrochantero-mesofemoral conjunctiva. cuticle of mesofemur mesofemur jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a mid leg attached to the distal margin of the mesotrochanter by the mesotrochantero-mesofemoral conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of mesofemur 2023-04-13 mesofemur Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a hind leg attached to the distal margin of the metatrochanter by the metatrochantero-metafemoral conjunctiva. cuticle of metafemur metafemur jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a hind leg attached to the distal margin of the metatrochanter by the metatrochantero-metafemoral conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of metafemur 2023-04-13 metafemur Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The ring sclerite that is part of an appendage and is not attached to somatic muscle. cuticle of mere mere imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The ring sclerite that is part of an appendage and is not attached to somatic muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of mere 2023-04-13 mere Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the tarsus. cuticle of tarsomere tarsomere imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the tarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of tarsomere 2023-04-13 tarsomere "Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tarsomere: subelement of tarsus in Insecta; number often taxon-specific, sometimes differing on legs of different segments (diagnostic value: tarsal formula)." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a leg attached to the distal margin of the femur by the femoro-tibial conjunctiva. cuticle of tibia tibia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a leg attached to the distal margin of the femur by the femoro-tibial conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-03 Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 cuticle of tibia 2023-04-13 tibia Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tibia: 4th element of leg; usually cylindrical and equipped with paired terminal spurs, often with rows of spines." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a leg attached to the distal margin of the trochanter by the trochantero-femoral conjunctiva. cuticle of femur femur jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a leg attached to the distal margin of the trochanter by the trochantero-femoral conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of femur 2023-04-13 femur Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Femur: 3rd element of leg, often largest part." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the insect thorax by the basal coxal conjunctiva. cuticle of coxa coxa imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is attached to the latero-ventral region of the insect thorax by the basal coxal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of coxa 2023-04-13 coxa Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxa: basal element of leg; articulated with pleural, sternal and usually also trochantinal elements of thoracic segment." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule. insect cranial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-04 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the antenna. cranio-antennal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the antenna. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 2021-04-04 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the insect mandible. cranio-mandibular muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 2021-04-04 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the labium. cranio-labial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the labium. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-04 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the labrum. cranio-labral muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the labrum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 2021-04-04 The coxal muscle of the mesocoxa. mesocoxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The coxal muscle of the mesocoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 mesocoxal muscle 2020-11-11 The somatic muscle that inserts in the coxa. All of the coxal muscles, except the second sternal-metacoxal muscle, are attached to the thorax. coxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the coxa. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 All of the coxal muscles, except the second sternal-metacoxal muscle, are attached to the thorax. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticle of the mouthpart appendage composed of the cuticle of submentum, which is attached by the submental-mental conjunctiva to the cuticle of mentum, which is attached by the mental-premental conjunctiva to the cuticle of prementum, which is attached to the cuticle of palpiger by the premental-palpigeral conjunctiva, the cuticle of paraglossa by the premental-paraglossal conjunctiva, and the cuticle of glossa by the premental-glossal conjunctiva; the cuticle of palpiger is attached by the palpigero-palpal conjunctiva to the cuticle of labial palpus. cuticle of labium labium imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mouthpart appendage composed of the cuticle of submentum, which is attached by the submental-mental conjunctiva to the cuticle of mentum, which is attached by the mental-premental conjunctiva to the cuticle of prementum, which is attached to the cuticle of palpiger by the premental-palpigeral conjunctiva, the cuticle of paraglossa by the premental-paraglossal conjunctiva, and the cuticle of glossa by the premental-glossal conjunctiva; the cuticle of palpiger is attached by the palpigero-palpal conjunctiva to the cuticle of labial palpus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of labium 2023-04-13 labium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "The labium or lower lip forms the posterior (orthognathous head) or ventral (prognathous head) closure of the preoral space and of the salivarium. It is homologous to the maxilla (2nd maxilla) of crustaceans, but its proximal parts form a structural unit without a recognizable median line or suture." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The elastic cuticle of the head capsule that is transparent and covers the eye. eye cuticle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The elastic cuticle of the head capsule that is transparent and covers the eye. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 eye cuticle 2020-11-11 The resilin rich region that connects two sclerites. insect ligament imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The resilin rich region that connects two sclerites. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 insect ligament Modified 2023-01-09 to specify insect ligament. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2020-11-11 The apodeme of elastic cuticle that is continuous with somatic muscle. The usually cylindircal evagination of the cuticle that is resilin rich and is continuous with somatic muscles. cuticular tendon imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The apodeme of elastic cuticle that is continuous with somatic muscle. 2022-06-22 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The usually cylindircal evagination of the cuticle that is resilin rich and is continuous with somatic muscles. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular tendon Klass K-D (2001) The female abdomen of the viviparous earwig Hemimerus vosseleri (Insecta: Dermaptera: Hemimeridae), with a discussion of the postgenital abdomen of Insecta. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 251–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02239.x "tendon is used herein to designate membranous internal cuticular projections" The branching invagination of elastic cuticle that is cylindrical and contains taenidia. insect trachea imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The branching invagination of elastic cuticle that is cylindrical and contains taenidia. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 insect trachea Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Trachea: tube-shaped elements of the tracheal system." Modified 2023-01-09 to specify insect trachea. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect head that is attached to the salivarium and to the oral foraminal conjunctiva. hypopharynx imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect head that is attached to the salivarium and to the oral foraminal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 hypopharynx Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Hypopharynx: median unpaired lobe between mouthparts and epipharynx; anterior (dorsal) surface continuous with anterior pharynx." The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the mesopleuron and the metapleuron. mesopleuro-metapleural conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the mesopleuron and the metapleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the metasternum and the metacoxa. metasterno-metacoxal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the metasternum and the metacoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the prothorax that joins the prosternum and the procoxa. prosternal-procoxal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the prothorax that joins the prosternum and the procoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the metathorax that joins the metapleuron and the metacoxa. metapleuro-metacoxal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the metathorax that joins the metapleuron and the metacoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjuctiva that is continuous with the posterior margin of the head capsule and with the anterior margin of the prothorax, and bears cervical sclerites. cervical membrane neck membrane imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjuctiva that is continuous with the posterior margin of the head capsule and with the anterior margin of the prothorax, and bears cervical sclerites. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2022-06-27 2020-11-11 cervical membrane Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Cervical membrane: membrane connecting the head and prothorax." The conjunctiva of the insect head that connects the head capsule and the mouthparts. oral foraminal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect head that connects the head capsule and the mouthparts. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the pronotum and the mesonotum. pronoto-mesonotal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the pronotum and the mesonotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva that is attached to the pronotum and the mesopectus. pronoto-mesopectal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that is attached to the pronotum and the mesopectus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The conjunctiva that encircles a ring sclerite. ring conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjunctiva that encircles a ring sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesocoxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral regions of the mesothorax. basal mesocoxal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesocoxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral regions of the mesothorax. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The conjunctiva that encircles the metacoxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral regions of the metathorax. basal metacoxal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the metacoxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral regions of the metathorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva of the insect head that is connected to the oral foraminal conjunctiva and to the distal margin of the labrum. epipharynx imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjunctiva of the insect head that is connected to the oral foraminal conjunctiva and to the distal margin of the labrum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 epipharynx Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Epipharynx: semimembranous or membranous posterior wall of labrum and roof of cibarium." The conjunctiva that encircles the procoxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral regions of the prothorax. basal procoxal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the procoxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral regions of the prothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The cuticular region that is anterior (distal) to the neck membrane (encircled by the neck membrane) and contains the head capsule, the antenna, the eyes, mouthparts and surrounds the brain. cuticle of insect head insect head jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-01 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular region that is anterior (distal) to the neck membrane (encircled by the neck membrane) and contains the head capsule, the antenna, the eyes, mouthparts and surrounds the brain. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticle of insect head 2023-04-13 insect head Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "The head is a compact and complex tagma with a concentration of a broad array of structures und functions. It is equipped with sense organs such as the highly complex compound eyes and the antennae, an elaborate set of mouthparts, and a complex muscle apparatus. It also contains central elements of the nervous system, the anterior part of the digestive tract including the cibarium (preoral cavity) and the salivarium, and also neurohaemal organs." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle that is connected to some muscles of the fore and hind legs and is posterior to the neck membrane and aterior to the first abdominal spiracle. The hind leg muscles sometimes attach to the second abdominal sternite. The abdominal sopiracles are different in their structure from tghe thoracic spiracles as they are opened and closed by two articulating sclerites that are moved by two sets of muscles whereas the thoracic spiracles are closed by only one occlusor muscle and opened by the flexibility of the distal tracheal region. The border between the thorax and the abdomen is sometimes marked by the anterior first abdmonial tergal conjunctiva. In Hymenoptera, the border between the abdomen and the thorax cannot be defined as the anterior first abdmonial tergal conjunctiva is absent, the sclerite that receives muscles from the metacoxa also contains the first abdominal spiracle. cuticle of insect thorax insect thorax jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-01 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that is connected to some muscles of the fore and hind legs and is posterior to the neck membrane and aterior to the first abdominal spiracle. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The hind leg muscles sometimes attach to the second abdominal sternite. The abdominal sopiracles are different in their structure from tghe thoracic spiracles as they are opened and closed by two articulating sclerites that are moved by two sets of muscles whereas the thoracic spiracles are closed by only one occlusor muscle and opened by the flexibility of the distal tracheal region. The border between the thorax and the abdomen is sometimes marked by the anterior first abdmonial tergal conjunctiva. In Hymenoptera, the border between the abdomen and the thorax cannot be defined as the anterior first abdmonial tergal conjunctiva is absent, the sclerite that receives muscles from the metacoxa also contains the first abdominal spiracle. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticle of insect thorax 2023-04-13 insect thorax Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of the cuticle that is an insect tagmatic subdivision of the integument, posterior to the thorax. The thorax is defined based on local properties (e.g. attachment sites of coxal muscles) and therefore we can reference this class for the definition of the abdomen. cuticle of insect abdomen insect abdomen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-01 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the cuticle that is an insect tagmatic subdivision of the integument, posterior to the thorax. Modified 2024-01-25: added 'insect tagmatic subdivision of integument'. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The thorax is defined based on local properties (e.g. attachment sites of coxal muscles) and therefore we can reference this class for the definition of the abdomen. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticle of insect abdomen 2023-04-13 insect abdomen Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the cardo and the stipes. cardo-stipital conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the cardo and the stipes. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The cuticle of the sclerite of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of cardo by the cardo-stipital conjunctiva, attached to the cuticle of lacinia by the stipito-lacinial conjunctiva, attached to the cuticle of palpifer by the stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva, and attached to the cuticle of galea by the stipito-galeal conjunctiva. cuticle of stipes stipes imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the sclerite of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of cardo by the cardo-stipital conjunctiva, attached to the cuticle of lacinia by the stipito-lacinial conjunctiva, attached to the cuticle of palpifer by the stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva, and attached to the cuticle of galea by the stipito-galeal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 cuticle of stipes 2023-04-13 stipes Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Stipes: second element of maxilla, connected with cardo by a hinge; bearing endite lobes (galea and lacinia) and maxillary palp." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva that encircles the base of the antenna (scape) and is encircled by the head capsule as the antennal foramen. cranio-antennal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjunctiva that encircles the base of the antenna (scape) and is encircled by the head capsule as the antennal foramen. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The cuticle of the segment of the antenna that is connected to the head capsule and the antennifer by the basal antennal conjunctiva. cuticle of scapus antennomere 1 scapus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the antenna that is connected to the head capsule and the antennifer by the basal antennal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of scapus 2023-04-13 antennomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 scapus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 Scapus: basal element of antenna, with two muscles attached to the pedicellus. Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the antenna that connects the scapus and the pedicellus. scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the antenna that connects the scapus and the pedicellus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The cuticle of the segment of the antenna that is attached to the scapus by the scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva. cuticle of pedicellus antennomere 2 pedicellus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the antenna that is attached to the scapus by the scapal-pedicellar conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of pedicellus 2023-04-13 antennomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 pedicellus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pedicellus: second antennal segment in Insecta; contains Johnston’s organ and lacks intrinsic muscles." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the antenna. Given the high number of flagellomeres occurring in some taxa, Arabic numerals are used instead of Roman numerals for practicality reasons. cuticle of flagellomere flagellomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the antenna. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 Given the high number of flagellomeres occurring in some taxa, Arabic numerals are used instead of Roman numerals for practicality reasons. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 cuticle of flagellomere 2023-04-13 flagellomere Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the first flagellomere of the antenna, attached to the pedicel by the pedicel-first flagellomere conjunctiva. cuticle of first flagellomere antennomere 3 flagellomere 1 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the first flagellomere of the antenna, attached to the pedicel by the pedicel-first flagellomere conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-02-19 cuticle of first flagellomere 2023-04-13 antennomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 1 Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Flagellomere: segment of the flagellum." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Modified 2023-05-05: "first" replaced with "1" gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 The conjunctiva of the antenna that connects the pedicellus and the first flagellomere. pedicellar-first flagellomeral conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the antenna that connects the pedicellus and the first flagellomere. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The region of the cuticle on the lateral region of the metathorax that is attached to the metanotum and the metasternum, and is attached to the metacoxa by the metacoxal muscle and the basal metacoxal conjunctiva. metapleuron imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle on the lateral region of the metathorax that is attached to the metanotum and the metasternum, and is attached to the metacoxa by the metacoxal muscle and the basal metacoxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The conjunctiva of the prothorax that joins the propleuron and the procoxa. propleuro-procoxal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the prothorax that joins the propleuron and the procoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The sclerite on the ventral region of the mesothorax that bears the mesofurca and is attached to the mesopleuro-mesosternal conjunctiva. mesosternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite on the ventral region of the mesothorax that bears the mesofurca and is attached to the mesopleuro-mesosternal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the fore leg joining the distal margin of a procoxa and the proximal margin of a protrochanter. procoxal-protrochanteral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the fore leg joining the distal margin of a procoxa and the proximal margin of a protrochanter. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva of the mid leg joining the distal margin of a mesocoxa and the proximal margin of a mesotrochanter. mesocoxal-mesotrochanteral conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the mid leg joining the distal margin of a mesocoxa and the proximal margin of a mesotrochanter. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva of the hind leg joining the distal margin of a metacoxa and the proximal margin of a metatrochanter. metacoxal-metatrochanteral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the hind leg joining the distal margin of a metacoxa and the proximal margin of a metatrochanter. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva that corresponds to one epithelial cell and surrounds a sclerotized unicellular cuticular evagination. Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. socket membrane imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjunctiva that corresponds to one epithelial cell and surrounds a sclerotized unicellular cuticular evagination. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-26 socket membrane 2020-11-11 The cuticular evagination that corresponds to the evagination on the membrane of a single cell and not to the evagination of a cell layer. Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. unicellular cuticular evagination imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular evagination that corresponds to the evagination on the membrane of a single cell and not to the evagination of a cell layer. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-26 The region of cuticle that corresponds to the evagination of the single layer epithelium. multicellular cuticular evagination imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that corresponds to the evagination of the single layer epithelium. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 multicellular cuticular evagination 2020-11-11 The seta that has one opening distally. Should coincide with 'exactly one' pore canal, but that violates OWL specs. uniporous sensillum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2023-01-11: added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The seta that has one opening distally. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 Should coincide with 'exactly one' pore canal, but that violates OWL specs. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-23 uniporous sensillum Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The seta that has multiple cuticular pores (openings of class III exocrine glands). multiporous sensillum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The seta that has multiple cuticular pores (openings of class III exocrine glands). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 multiporous sensillum Ando, T., Sekine, S., Inagaki, S., Misaki, K., Badel, L., Moriya, H., Sami, M.M., Itakura, Y., Chihara, T., Kazama, H. and Yonemura, S., 2019. Nanopore formation in the cuticle of an insect olfactory sensillum. Current Biology, 29(9), pp.1512-1520. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982219303410#fig4 Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2020-11-11 The multiporous plate that is elongated. placoid sensillum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The multiporous plate that is elongated. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 placoid sensillum 2020-11-11 The multiporous sensillum that is flat. multiporous plate imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The multiporous sensillum that is flat. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 multiporous plate 2020-11-11 The branching cuticular invagination that corresponds to the invagination of the membrane of a single cell and does not contain taenidia. Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. cuticular exocrine gland duct imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The branching cuticular invagination that corresponds to the invagination of the membrane of a single cell and does not contain taenidia. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-26 cuticular exocrine gland duct 2021-12-10 2020-11-11 The region of the cuticle that is continuous to the proximal region of a trachea and can be closed by muscles. insect spiracle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of the cuticle that is continuous to the proximal region of a trachea and can be closed by muscles. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 insect spiracle Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Spiracle: external opening of the tracheal system." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect spiracle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The cuticular ivagination that ramifies into umerous branches. Branching cuticular invaginations porvide important models for branchig morphogenesis. branching cuticular invagination imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular ivagination that ramifies into umerous branches. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 Branching cuticular invaginations porvide important models for branchig morphogenesis. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The branching cuticular invagination that is located between the mid and hindgut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001054 malphigian tube imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The branching cuticular invagination that is located between the mid and hindgut. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 malphigian tube 2020-11-11 The cuticular invagination that is hollow. The apophysis in HAO refers to an ivagination of the cuticle that is cylindrical as opposed to a ridge that is elongate. Beutel et al. 2014 differentiate apodemes from apophyses in that apodemes are solid and apophyses are hollow. cuticular apophysis imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular invagination that is hollow. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 The apophysis in HAO refers to an ivagination of the cuticle that is cylindrical as opposed to a ridge that is elongate. Beutel et al. 2014 differentiate apodemes from apophyses in that apodemes are solid and apophyses are hollow. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular apophysis Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Apophysis: hollow cuticular invagination." 2021-12-10 The coiled ridge in the wall of the trachea. taenidium imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The coiled ridge in the wall of the trachea. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 taenidium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Taenidium: spiral-shaped strengthening ridge of the tracheae." 2020-11-11 The furca of the mesothorax that is attached to the mesocoxa via muscle. mesofurca imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The furca of the mesothorax that is attached to the mesocoxa via muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The furca of the metathorax that is attached to the metacoxa via muscle. metafurca imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The furca of the metathorax that is attached to the metacoxa via muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The furca of the prothorax that is attached to the procoxa via muscle. profurca imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The furca of the prothorax that is attached to the procoxa via muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The apophysis that is located ventromedially on the thorax and is connected to the coxa via muscles. endosternite furca imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The apophysis that is located ventromedially on the thorax and is connected to the coxa via muscles. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 endosternite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Furca (=sternal apophysis, endosternite): endoskeletal element (entapophysis) of furcasternum; paired furcal arms often connected with pleural ridge by short muscle." furca Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Furca (=sternal apophysis, endosternite): endoskeletal element (entapophysis) of furcasternum; paired furcal arms often connected with pleural ridge by short muscle." The coxal muscle of the procoxa. procoxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The coxal muscle of the procoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 procoxal muscle 2020-11-11 The coxal muscle of the metacoxa. metacoxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The coxal muscle of the metacoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 metacoxal muscle 2020-11-11 The somatic muscle that inserts in the femur. femoral muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the femur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the tibia. tibial muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the tibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the pretarsus. There are usually two muscle bands of the pretarsal muscle, one is arising from the femur, the other from the tibia. The muscle usually inserts on a resilin rich basal sclerite of the pretarsus, the unguitractor plate. pretarsal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the pretarsus. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-12-13 2020-11-11 There are usually two muscle bands of the pretarsal muscle, one is arising from the femur, the other from the tibia. The muscle usually inserts on a resilin rich basal sclerite of the pretarsus, the unguitractor plate. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 The somatic muscle that inserts in the profemur. profemoral muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the profemur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the mesofemur. mesofemoral muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the mesofemur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the metafemur. metafemoral muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the metafemur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the protibia. protibial muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the protibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the mesotibia. mesotibial muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the mesotibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that inserts in the metatibia. metatibial muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The somatic muscle that inserts in the metatibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The cuticular depression that is circular. cuticular fovea imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular depression that is circular. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular fovea 2021-12-10 The cuticular depression that is elongated and coincides with the distal side of an insect sclerite. The cuticular depression (concavity on the surface of the cuticle) that does not correspond to a cuticular invagination (epithelial fold). The cuticule is less thick at the site of a cuticular impression. cuticular groove imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular depression that is elongated and coincides with the distal side of an insect sclerite. Modified 2024-01-25: to reflect subclass of definiton jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The cuticular depression (concavity on the surface of the cuticle) that does not correspond to a cuticular invagination (epithelial fold). The cuticule is less thick at the site of a cuticular impression. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular groove former 'impression' imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-12-10 The invagination on a sclerite that is elongated. cuticular ridge imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The invagination on a sclerite that is elongated. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-11 cuticular ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Ridge: cuticular strengthening ridge." "They are not lines of fusion or molting lines."(p. 12) 2021-12-10 The conjunctiva in the head capsule that forms a pouch between the hypopharynx and the labium and bears the exocrine gland duct. salivarium jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The conjunctiva in the head capsule that forms a pouch between the hypopharynx and the labium and bears the exocrine gland duct. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 salivarium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Salivarium: posterior part of preoral space between hypopharynx and labium, with opening of salivary ducts." The invagination of the cuticle that is largely membranous. cuticular pouch imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The invagination of the cuticle that is largely membranous. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-12 cuticular pouch 2021-12-10 The ridge that is in the sagittal line of the ventro-medial region of the thorax. discrimenal lamella imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The ridge that is in the sagittal line of the ventro-medial region of the thorax. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-12 The cuticular depression (concavity on cuticle surface) that corresponds with a cuticular ridge (an elongate cuticular invagination). cuticular sulcus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular depression (concavity on cuticle surface) that corresponds with a cuticular ridge (an elongate cuticular invagination). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-12-10 2020-11-12 cuticular sulcus 2021-12-10 The longitudinal (parallel to antero-posterior axis) sulcus that corresponds to the discrimenal lamella. discrimen imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The longitudinal (parallel to antero-posterior axis) sulcus that corresponds to the discrimenal lamella. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-12 discrimen Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Discrimen: longitudinal ridge medially dividing the sternum" The cuticle of the appendage of the insect head that is encircled by the oral foraminal conjunctiva. cuticle of mouthpart mouthpart imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the insect head that is encircled by the oral foraminal conjunctiva. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-12-10 2021-04-21 cuticle of mouthpart 2023-04-13 mouthpart Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 2020-11-17 The insect articulation between the propleuron and the procoxa. propleuro-procoxal articulation imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The insect articulation between the propleuron and the procoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The region of cuticle where two sclerites meet. articular surface imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle where two sclerites meet. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The sclerite of the salivarium. salivary sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite of the salivarium. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The notum or sclerite on the dorsal region of the metathorax that is posterior to the mesonotum, connected via the metanoto-metapleural conjuntiva to the dorsal margin of the metapleuron, that is not adjacent to the metacoxa, but attached to it by the metacoxal muscle. metanotum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jcgiron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jcgiron jcgiron jcgiron jcgiron The notum or sclerite on the dorsal region of the metathorax that is posterior to the mesonotum, connected via the metanoto-metapleural conjuntiva to the dorsal margin of the metapleuron, that is not adjacent to the metacoxa, but attached to it by the metacoxal muscle. jcgiron 2021-04-21 The sclerite that is continuous with the basal metacoxal conjunctiva and the basal wing conjunctiva and contains the metafurca. metapectus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite that is continuous with the basal metacoxal conjunctiva and the basal wing conjunctiva and contains the metafurca. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-04-21 The conjunctiva is encircled by a tarsomere that encircles another tarsomere. intertarsomeral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva is encircled by a tarsomere that encircles another tarsomere. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva that encircles the coxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral thoracic regions. These conjunctivae can be used as stable reference points in insects that poseess legs, and can be used to define sclerites on the lateral side of the thorax. basal coxal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the coxa and connects it to the ventral and lateral thoracic regions. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-17 These conjunctivae can be used as stable reference points in insects that poseess legs, and can be used to define sclerites on the lateral side of the thorax. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-17 The insect region of integument that is part of the chitin-based cuticle. The AISM focuses on anatomical structures that are part of the insect (chitinous) cuticle. These structures are acellular regions of the integument. Regions of the insect cuticle with different mechanical properties (i.e. increased and descresed flexinility, thickness, and elasticity) are continuous with each other (e.g. sclerites are continuous with conjunctivae or resilin rich regions are continuous with regions with less resilin content). insect region of cuticle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The insect region of integument that is part of the chitin-based cuticle. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-23 The AISM focuses on anatomical structures that are part of the insect (chitinous) cuticle. These structures are acellular regions of the integument. Regions of the insect cuticle with different mechanical properties (i.e. increased and descresed flexinility, thickness, and elasticity) are continuous with each other (e.g. sclerites are continuous with conjunctivae or resilin rich regions are continuous with regions with less resilin content). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2020-11-23 insect region of cuticle Modified 2023-04-13: added insect to specify. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The orifice that is contained by the cuticle and connects the inside of the insect with the outside, is tubular, and whose diameter is smaller than 100 nm. Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. pore canal imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The orifice that is contained by the cuticle and connects the inside of the insect with the outside, is tubular, and whose diameter is smaller than 100 nm. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-04 Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-26 pore canal Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pore canals: thin perforations of the cuticle." The solid cuticular protrusion that coincides with only one epidermal cell (smaller than the diameter of the epidermal cell). Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. acantha imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The solid cuticular protrusion that coincides with only one epidermal cell (smaller than the diameter of the epidermal cell). imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-04 Should coincide with 'exactly one' epithelial cell, but that violates OWL specs. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-26 acantha Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Acanthae: hairs without sockets, one per hypodermal cell." The cuticular carina on a tergite (or notum). tergal carina jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 The cuticular carina on a tergite (or notum). jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 tergal carina jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 The cuticular spur that is continuous with the distal margin of the tibia. tibial spur jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-17 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-17 The cuticular spur that is continuous with the distal margin of the tibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-17 tibial spur jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-17 The hairlike seta that is short and thick walled. sensillum chaeticum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2023-01-11: added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2023-01-11: added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The hairlike seta that is short and thick walled. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-08 sensillum chaeticum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sensillum chaeticum: shorter than sensillum trichodeum, thick-walled." Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular seta that is elongated and acuminate. Hairlike seta that is long. sensillum trichodeum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2023-01-11: added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2023-01-11: added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular seta that is elongated and acuminate. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 Hairlike seta that is long. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-08 sensillum trichodeum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sensillum trichodeum: hair-like sensilla, seta associated with sensory cell." Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Seta that is located in the middle of a depression with narrowed external opening. sensillum coeloconicum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Modified 2023-01-11: added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 Seta that is located in the middle of a depression with narrowed external opening. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-08 sensillum coeloconicum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sensillum coeloconicum: sensillum with modified seta in a cavity, with narrowed external opening of surrounding cuticle." Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The solid cuticular invagination of a sclerite. apodeme imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The solid cuticular invagination of a sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 apodeme Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Apodeme: solid cuticular invagination serving as muscle insertion area." Klass K-D (2001) The female abdomen of the viviparous earwig Hemimerus vosseleri (Insecta: Dermaptera: Hemimeridae), with a discussion of the postgenital abdomen of Insecta. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131: 251–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02239.x "tendon is used herein to designate sclerotized internal cuticular projections" The seta that is conical. sensillum basiconicum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The seta that is conical. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 sensillum basiconicum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sensillum basiconicum: sensillum with rounded, conical seta." Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular protrusion of the head capsule thag is continuous with the antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva and adjacent to the cuticle of the scapus The cuticular protrusion (process, protuberace) that bears the cranial articular surface of the cranio-antennal articulation. antennifer imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular protrusion of the head capsule thag is continuous with the antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva and adjacent to the cuticle of the scapus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 The cuticular protrusion (process, protuberace) that bears the cranial articular surface of the cranio-antennal articulation. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-08 antennifer Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Antennifer: small cephalic process articulating with the antenna." The solid, paired, branching cuticular invagination of the head capsule that is attached to the antenna and the mouthparts via muscles. The paired apophysis that connects the posterior (ventral in prognathous head) and anterior (dorsal in prognathous head) walls of the head capsule and serves as site of isertion of atennal and mouthpart muscles. tentorium imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The solid, paired, branching cuticular invagination of the head capsule that is attached to the antenna and the mouthparts via muscles. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The paired apophysis that connects the posterior (ventral in prognathous head) and anterior (dorsal in prognathous head) walls of the head capsule and serves as site of isertion of atennal and mouthpart muscles. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-11 tentorium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tentorium: cephalic endoskeleton, usually composed of paired anterior, posterior and dorsal tentorial arms and a transverse tentorial bridge (corpotentorium)." The insect cranial muscle that is attached to the tentorium and to the antenna. tentorio-antennal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect cranial muscle that is attached to the tentorium and to the antenna. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The cuticular depression that corresponds to an apophysis. cuticular pit imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular depression that corresponds to an apophysis. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-12 cuticular pit 2021-12-10 The tentorial pit that correspods to the anterior (dorsal in prognathous head) end of the tentorium. anterior tentorial pit imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The tentorial pit that correspods to the anterior (dorsal in prognathous head) end of the tentorium. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-12 anterior tentorial pit Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anterior tentorial pit (or groove): externally visible invagination area and origin of anterior tentorial arm; adjacent with dorsolateral clypeal margin." The tentorial pit that correspods to the posterior (ventral in prognathous head) end of the tentorium. posterior tentorial pit imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The tentorial pit that correspods to the posterior (ventral in prognathous head) end of the tentorium. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-02-12 posterior tentorial pit Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Posterior tentorial pit (or groove): externally visible invagination of posterior part of head capsule and origin of posterior tentorial arm; adjacent with foramen occipitale or gula." The cuticular pit that correspods to the tentorium. tentorial pit imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular pit that correspods to the tentorium. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-12-10 2021-02-12 The foramen encircled by insect region of cuticle. arthropod foramen imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The foramen encircled by insect region of cuticle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The arthropod foramen of the head capsule with the antennifer and surrounds the scapus via the antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva. antennal socket torulus antennal foramen imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The arthropod foramen of the head capsule with the antennifer and surrounds the scapus via the antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 torulus Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "antennal socket = torulus = basal socket of antenna" The cuticular carina that is part of the tibia and parallel to the proximal-distal axis. tibial carina jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 The cuticular carina that is part of the tibia and parallel to the proximal-distal axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 tibial carina jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-03-16 The paired sclerite of the postabdomen that is attached to the abdominal tergite IX by the abdominal tergite IX-gonocoxa IX conjunctiva and is articulated with abdominal tergite IX. cuticle of gonocoxa IX second coxopodite second gonocoxite second valvifer gonocoxa IX jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The paired sclerite of the postabdomen that is attached to the abdominal tergite IX by the abdominal tergite IX-gonocoxa IX conjunctiva and is articulated with abdominal tergite IX. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-03-19 cuticle of gonocoxa IX 2023-04-13 second coxopodite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." second gonocoxite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." second valvifer Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." gonocoxa IX Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that connects the abdominal tergite IX and the gonocoxa IX. abdominal tergite IX-gonocoxa IX conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that connects the abdominal tergite IX and the gonocoxa IX. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-03-19 The tarsomere that is part of the protarsus. protarsomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The tarsomere that is part of the protarsus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 protarsomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere distal to the protibia and encircled by the protibio-protarsal conjunctiva. protarsomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere distal to the protibia and encircled by the protibio-protarsal conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 protarsomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 1 and is encircled by the protarsomere 1-protarsomere 2 conjunctiva. protarsomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 1 and is encircled by the protarsomere 1-protarsomere 2 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 protarsomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 2 and is encircled by the protarsomere 2-protarsomere 3 conjunctiva. protarsomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 2 and is encircled by the protarsomere 2-protarsomere 3 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 protarsomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 3 and is encircled by the protarsomere 3-protarsomere 4 conjunctiva. protarsomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 3 and is encircled by the protarsomere 3-protarsomere 4 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 protarsomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 4 and is encircled by the protarsomere 4-protarsomere 5 conjunctiva. protarsomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The protarsomere that is distal to the protarsomere 4 and is encircled by the protarsomere 4-protarsomere 5 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 protarsomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The tarsomere that is part of the mesotarsus. mesotarsomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The tarsomere that is part of the mesotarsus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotibia and is encircled by the mesotibio-mesotarsal conjunctiva. mesotarsomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotibia and is encircled by the mesotibio-mesotarsal conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 1 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 1-mesotarsomere 2 conjunctiva. mesotarsomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 1 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 1-mesotarsomere 2 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 2 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 2-mesotarsomere 3 conjunctiva. mesotarsomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 2 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 2-mesotarsomere 3 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 3 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 3-mesotarsomere 4 conjunctiva. mesotarsomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 3 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 3-mesotarsomere 4 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 4 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 4-mesotarsomere 5 conjunctiva. mesotarsomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsomere that is distal to the mesotarsomere 4 and is encircled by the mesotarsomere 4-mesotarsomere 5 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The tarsomere that is part of the metatarsus. metatarsomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The tarsomere that is part of the metatarsus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatibia and is encircled by the metatibio-metatarsal conjunctiva. metatarsomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatibia and is encircled by the metatibio-metatarsal conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 1 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 1-metatarsomere 2 conjunctiva. metatarsomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 1 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 1-metatarsomere 2 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 2 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 2-metatarsomere 3 conjunctiva. metatarsomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 2 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 2-metatarsomere 3 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 3 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 3-metatarsomere 4 conjunctiva. metatarsomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 3 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 3-metatarsomere 4 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 4 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 4-metatarsomere 5 conjunctiva. metatarsomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsomere that is distal to the metatarsomere 4 and is encircled by the metatarsomere 4-metatarsomere 5 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 2 and encircles protarsomere 2. protarsomere 1-protarsomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 2 and encircles protarsomere 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 protarsomere 1-protarsomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 2 and encircles protarsomere 3. protarsomere 2-protarsomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 2 and encircles protarsomere 3. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 protarsomere 2-protarsomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 3 and encircles protarsomere 4. protarsomere 3-protarsomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 3 and encircles protarsomere 4. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 protarsomere 3-protarsomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 4 and encircles protarsomere 5. protarsomere 4-protarsomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the protarsus, is encircled by protarsomere 4 and encircles protarsomere 5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 protarsomere 4-protarsomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 1 and encircles mesotarsomere 2. mesotarsomere 1-mesotarsomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 1 and encircles mesotarsomere 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 1-mesotarsomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 2 and encircles mesotarsomere 3. mesotarsomere 2-mesotarsomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 2 and encircles mesotarsomere 3. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 2-mesotarsomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 3 and encircles mesotarsomere 4. mesotarsomere 3-mesotarsomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 3 and encircles mesotarsomere 4. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 3-mesotarsomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 4 and encircles mesotarsomere 5. mesotarsomere 4-mesotarsomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the mesotarsus, is encircled by mesotarsomere 4 and encircles mesotarsomere 5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsomere 4-mesotarsomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 1 and encircles metatarsomere 2. metatarsomere 1-metatarsomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 1 and encircles metatarsomere 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 1-metatarsomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 2 and encircles metatarsomere 3. metatarsomere 2-metatarsomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 2 and encircles metatarsomere 3. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 2-metatarsomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 3 and encircles metatarsomere 4. metatarsomere 3-metatarsomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 3 and encircles metatarsomere 4. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 3-metatarsomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 4 and encircles metatarsomere 5. metatarsomere 4-metatarsomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the metatarsus, is encircled by metatarsomere 4 and encircles metatarsomere 5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsomere 4-metatarsomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The protarsus with protarsomeres 1-5. protarsus with 5 protarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The protarsus with protarsomeres 1-5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 2023-05-05 protarsus with 5 protarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsus that is composed by mesotarsomeres 1-5. mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The mesotarsus that is composed by mesotarsomeres 1-5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsus that is composed by metatarsomeres 1-5. metatarsus with 5 metatarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The metatarsus that is composed by metatarsomeres 1-5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 metatarsus with 5 metatarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 1 and is encircled by the flagellomere 1-flagellomere 2 conjunctiva. antennomere 4 flagellomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 1 and is encircled by the flagellomere 1-flagellomere 2 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 2 and is encircled by the flagellomere 2-flagellomere 3 conjunctiva. antennomere 5 flagellomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 2 and is encircled by the flagellomere 2-flagellomere 3 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 3 and is encircled by the flagellomere 3-flagellomere 4 conjunctiva. antennomere 6 flagellomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 3 and is encircled by the flagellomere 3-flagellomere 4 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 6 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 4 and is encircled by the flagellomere 4-flagellomere 5 conjunctiva. antennomere 7 flagellomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 4 and is encircled by the flagellomere 4-flagellomere 5 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 7 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 5 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 5 and is encircled by the flagellomere 5-flagellomere 6 conjunctiva. antennomere 8 flagellomere 6 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 5 and is encircled by the flagellomere 5-flagellomere 6 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 8 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 6 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 6 and is encircled by the flagellomere 6-flagellomere 7 conjunctiva. antennomere 9 flagellomere 7 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 6 and is encircled by the flagellomere 6-flagellomere 7 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 9 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 7 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 7 and is encircled by the flagellomere 7-flagellomere 8 conjunctiva. antennomere 10 flagellomere 8 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 7 and is encircled by the flagellomere 7-flagellomere 8 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 8 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 8 and is encircled by the flagellomere 8-flagellomere 9 conjunctiva. antennomere 11 flagellomere 9 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to the flagellomere 8 and is encircled by the flagellomere 8-flagellomere 9 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 9 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to flagellomere 9 and is encircled by the flagellomere 9-flagellomere 10 conjunctiva. antennomere 12 flagellomere 10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticle of the flagellomere that is distal to flagellomere 9 and is encircled by the flagellomere 9-flagellomere 10 conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antennomere 12 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 2 and encircles the flagellomere 3. flagellomere 2-flagellomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 2 and encircles the flagellomere 3. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 2-flagellomere 3 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 1 and encircles the flagellomere 2. flagellomere 1-flagellomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 1 and encircles the flagellomere 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 1-flagellomere 2 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 3 and encircles the flagellomere 4. flagellomere 3-flagellomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 3 and encircles the flagellomere 4. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 3-flagellomere 4 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 4 and encircles the flagellomere 5. flagellomere 4-flagellomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 4 and encircles the flagellomere 5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 4-flagellomere 5 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 5 and encircles the flagellomere 6. flagellomere 5-flagellomere 6 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 5 and encircles the flagellomere 6. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 5-flagellomere 6 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 6 and encircles the flagellomere 7. flagellomere 6-flagellomere 7 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 6 and encircles the flagellomere 7. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 6-flagellomere 7 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 7 and encircles the flagellomere 8. flagellomere 7-flagellomere 8 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 7 and encircles the flagellomere 8. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 7-flagellomere 8 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 8 and encircles the flagellomere 9. flagellomere 8-flagellomere 9 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 8 and encircles the flagellomere 9. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 8-flagellomere 9 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 9 and encircles the flagellomere 10. flagellomere 9-flagellomere 10 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The conjunctiva that is part of the antenna, is encircled by the flagellomere 9 and encircles the flagellomere 10. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 flagellomere 9-flagellomere 10 conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having its surface covered with microscopic cuticular grooves forming a network. microreticulate jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having its surface covered with microscopic cuticular grooves forming a network. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 microreticulate gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's presenting on its surface a network of raised and interconnected wrinkles. reticulate Modified 2024-02-14: moved as subclass of texture jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's presenting on its surface a network of raised and interconnected wrinkles. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 reticulate gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being microreticulate and having meshes of isometric diameter. isodiametrically microreticulate jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being microreticulate and having meshes of isometric diameter. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 isodiametrically microreticulate gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The insect abdomen that has abdominal sternites 1-7 and does not have abdominal sternite 8. abdomen with 7 sternites gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The insect abdomen that has abdominal sternites 1-7 and does not have abdominal sternite 8. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 abdomen with 7 sternites gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The insect abdomen that has abdominal sternites 1-8 and does not have abdominal sternite 9. abdomen with 8 sternites gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The insect abdomen that has abdominal sternites 1-8 and does not have abdominal sternite 9. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 abdomen with 8 sternites gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-6, and does not have flagellomere 7. antenna with 8 antennomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-6, and does not have flagellomere 7. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antenna with 8 antennomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-7, and does not have flagellomere 8. antenna with 9 antennomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-7, and does not have flagellomere 8. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 antenna with 9 antennomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 The cuticular protrusion on the anterior margin of the clypeus. clypeal tooth jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 18-11-2023 2023-03-28 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The cuticular protrusion on the anterior margin of the clypeus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 18-11-2023 2023-03-28 clypeal tooth Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 The clypeal tooth that is not bilaterally paired and located in the medial region. medial clypeal tooth gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The clypeal tooth that is not bilaterally paired and located in the medial region. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 medial clypeal tooth Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 The clypeal tooth that is bilaterally paired and located in the lateral region. lateral clypeal tooth gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The clypeal tooth that is bilaterally paired and located in the lateral region. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 lateral clypeal tooth Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 The lateral clypeal tooth that is lateral to the medial region. lateral clypeal tooth 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The lateral clypeal tooth that is lateral to the medial region. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 lateral clypeal tooth 1 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 The lateral clypeal tooth that is lateral to the lateral clypeal tooth 1. lateral clypeal tooth 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The lateral clypeal tooth that is lateral to the lateral clypeal tooth 1. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 lateral clypeal tooth 2 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 The lateral clypeal tooth that is lateral to the lateral clypeal tooth 2. lateral clypeal tooth 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The lateral clypeal tooth that is lateral to the lateral clypeal tooth 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 lateral clypeal tooth 3 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-30 The cuticular protrusion of the cuticle of tibia. tibial cuticular tooth jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 18-11-2023 2023-03-28 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The cuticular protrusion of the cuticle of tibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 18-11-2023 2023-03-28 tibial cuticular tooth Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-14 The cuticular protrusion of the cuticle of protibia. protibial cuticular tooth jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 The cuticular protrusion of the cuticle of protibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 protibial cuticular tooth Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-14 The protibial cuticular tooth on the posterior margin. dorsal protibial cuticular tooth jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-28 The protibial cuticular tooth on the posterior margin. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-28 dorsal protibial cuticular tooth Modified and moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2022-10-14 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the distal margin of the tibia. dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-30 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the distal margin of the tibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-30 dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 2022-10-14 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1. dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-30 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-30 dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 2022-10-14 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2. dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-30 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-30 dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 2022-10-14 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3. dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 4 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-28 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-30 The dorsal protibial cuticular tooth that is proximal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-05-03 2023-03-30 dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 4 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 2022-10-14 The cuticle of the paramere that is located in the left side of the body. cuticle of left paramere left paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-04 The cuticle of the paramere that is located in the left side of the body. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-04 cuticle of left paramere 2023-04-15 left paramere Modified 2023-04-15: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-04 The cuticle of the paramere that is located in the right side of the body. cuticle of right paramere right paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-04 The cuticle of the paramere that is located in the right side of the body. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-04 cuticle of right paramere 2023-04-15 right paramere Modified 2023-04-15: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-04 The anatomical margin that is part of the tibia. tibial margin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 The anatomical margin that is part of the tibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 tibial margin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2025-03-16 The cuticular groove that is parallel and distal to the proximal carina of tergite VIII. anterior groove of tergite VIII gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular groove that is parallel and distal to the proximal carina of tergite VIII. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 anterior groove of tergite VIII Modified and moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The distance between two cuticular punctures. Edited by jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-05-11 To make it a distance as opposed to an anatomical space and change 'adjacent to' for 'characteristic of' Matching existing definitions e.g. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000318 Former definition based on suggestions at https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/3188 interpunctural distance jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 The distance between two cuticular punctures. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 Edited by jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-05-11 To make it a distance as opposed to an anatomical space and change 'adjacent to' for 'characteristic of' Matching existing definitions e.g. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000318 Former definition based on suggestions at https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/3188 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 interpunctural distance Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is located on the proximal margin of the 8th tergite and is parallel to the left-right body axis. In Scarabaeinae, this carina (when present) is located in the proximalmost margin of the surface of the 8th tergite (pygidium) that is not covered by elytra. pygidium basal ridge proximal carina of tergite VIII gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is located on the proximal margin of the 8th tergite and is parallel to the left-right body axis. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 In Scarabaeinae, this carina (when present) is located in the proximalmost margin of the surface of the 8th tergite (pygidium) that is not covered by elytra. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 pygidium basal ridge Tarasov, S. I., & Solodovnikov, A. Y. (2011). Phylogenetic analyses reveal reliable morphological markers to classify mega‐diversity in Onthophagini dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Cladistics, 27(5), 490-528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00351.x Page 526, character 30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 proximal carina of tergite VIII Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular puncture that has a cuticular granule on its anterior margin. granulate cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular puncture that has a cuticular granule on its anterior margin. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 granulate cuticular puncture Orbigny, H. d’ (1913) [1913-1914]. Synopsis des Onthophagides d’Afrique. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 82 : 1-742. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8239919 "la ponctuation peut être râpeuse ou granuleuse, c'est-à-dire composée de points dont le bord antérieur s'élève en une aspérité irrégulière, ou en un granule arrondi qui ordinaireauent échancre plus ou moins ce bord antérieur" p. 4 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular puncture that is flattened. ocellate cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular puncture that is flattened. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 ocellate cuticular puncture Orbigny, H. d’ (1913) [1913-1914]. Synopsis des Onthophagides d’Afrique. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 82 : 1-742. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8239919 "... soit grands et à fond plat, ou ocellés, c'est-à-dire grands et à fond convexe, ou ombiliqués, c'est-à-dire grands, peu profonds et ayant dans l'intérieur un petit point plus profond" p. 4 Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is located along the posterior margin of abdominal tergite VIII. ribordo del margine ventrale del pigidio posterior carina of tergite VIII gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is located along the posterior margin of abdominal tergite VIII. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 ribordo del margine ventrale del pigidio Marchisio, R., & Zunino, M. E. (2012). Il genere Copris Müller. Tassonomia, filogenesi e note di zoogeografia (Vol. 2, pp. 1-176). world biodiversity association onlus. Page 26 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 posterior carina of tergite VIII Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The anatomical margin that is part of the anterior margin of the gena and of the lateral region of the posterior margin of the clypeus. Corresponds with the region of the clypeal margin next to the distal end of the genoclypeal sulcus. head margin at genoclypeal sulcus gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The anatomical margin that is part of the anterior margin of the gena and of the lateral region of the posterior margin of the clypeus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 Corresponds with the region of the clypeal margin next to the distal end of the genoclypeal sulcus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 head margin at genoclypeal sulcus Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is part of the vertex and parallel to the left-right body axis. carina of vertex gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is part of the vertex and parallel to the left-right body axis. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-06 carina of vertex Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-06 The cuticular carina that is part of the clypeus and is parallel to the left-right body axis. clypeal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-06-04 The cuticular carina that is part of the clypeus and is parallel to the left-right body axis. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-06 clypeal carina Moved from COLAO to AISM: 2023-05-08 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-04-06 An anatomical row composed by cuticular punctures. row of punctures gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 An anatomical row composed by cuticular punctures. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 row of punctures gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 The anatomical margin of the anterior region of clypeus. clypeal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 The anatomical margin of the anterior region of clypeus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 clypeal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 The anatomical margin of the lateral region of the gena. genal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 The anatomical margin of the lateral region of the gena. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 genal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-03 The ventral region of the cuticle of paramere that has decreased thickness. ventral conjunctiva of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The ventral region of the cuticle of paramere that has decreased thickness. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 ventral conjunctiva of paramere Rossini, M., Grebennikov, V., Merrien, T., Miraldo, A., Viljanen, H., & Tarasov, S. (2022). Paleogene forest fragmentation and out‐of‐Africa dispersal explain radiation of the Paleotropical dung beetle tribe Epactoidini trib. nov.(Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Systematic Entomology, 47(4), 655-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12564 Figure 2d gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The ventral conjunctiva of the left paramere. left ventral conjunctiva of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The ventral conjunctiva of the left paramere. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-08 left ventral conjunctiva of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-08 The ventral conjunctiva of the right paramere. right ventral conjunctiva of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The ventral conjunctiva of the right paramere. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 right ventral conjunctiva of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-04 The region of the cuticle part of the distal posterior region of protibia and adjacent to the protibio-protarsal articulation. protibial apex adjacent to protibio-protarsal articulation gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 The region of the cuticle part of the distal posterior region of protibia and adjacent to the protibio-protarsal articulation. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 protibial apex adjacent to protibio-protarsal articulation gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 The articulation between the protibia and the protarsus. insect protibio-protarsal articulation gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 The articulation between the protibia and the protarsus. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 insect protibio-protarsal articulation gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-10 The region of the insect cuticle that has left and right parameres. This term has been created to indicate simultaneously left and right parameres, in order to be able to use on it the qualities "symmetrical" and "asymmetrical", which are not applicable to single parameres. parameres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The region of the insect cuticle that has left and right parameres. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 This term has been created to indicate simultaneously left and right parameres, in order to be able to use on it the qualities "symmetrical" and "asymmetrical", which are not applicable to single parameres. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 parameres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The maxillary palpus that has maxillary palpomeres I to IV but not maxillary palpomere V. maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The maxillary palpus that has maxillary palpomeres I to IV but not maxillary palpomere V. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpomere that is adjacent to the distal margin of the palpiger. labial palpomere I gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpomere that is adjacent to the distal margin of the palpiger. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 labial palpomere I gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpomere that is adjacent to the distal margin of the labial palpomere I. labial palpomere II gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpomere that is adjacent to the distal margin of the labial palpomere I. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 labial palpomere II gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpomere that is adjacent to the distal margin of the labial palpomere II. labial palpomere III gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpomere that is adjacent to the distal margin of the labial palpomere II. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 labial palpomere III gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpus that has labial palpomeres I to III. labial palpus with 3 palpomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The labial palpus that has labial palpomeres I to III. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 labial palpus with 3 palpomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-30 The anatomical margin that overlaps with the distal side and the anterior side. antero-distal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-17 The anatomical margin that overlaps with the distal side and the anterior side. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-17 antero-distal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-17 The anatomical margin that overlaps with the distal side and the posterior side. postero-distal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-17 The anatomical margin that overlaps with the distal side and the posterior side. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-17 postero-distal margin gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-17 The cuticular protrusion that is located on an anatomical margin. cuticular tooth gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-18 The cuticular protrusion that is located on an anatomical margin. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-18 cuticular tooth gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-11-18 The cuticular puncture that encircles a cuticular seta. setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The cuticular puncture that encircles a cuticular seta. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The setigerous cuticular puncture that has a cuticular granule on its anterior margin. granulate setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The setigerous cuticular puncture that has a cuticular granule on its anterior margin. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 granulate setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The setigerous cuticular puncture that is flattened. ocellate setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The setigerous cuticular puncture that is flattened. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 ocellate setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The setigerous cuticular puncture that is flattened and does not have a cuticular granule. simple setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The setigerous cuticular puncture that is flattened and does not have a cuticular granule. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 simple setigerous cuticular puncture gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The region of the insect cuticle that is covered by a collection of setigerous cuticular punctures. cuticle with setigerous punctures gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The region of the insect cuticle that is covered by a collection of setigerous cuticular punctures. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 cuticle with setigerous punctures gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-12-03 The region of the cuticle of tergite VIII that is posterior to the posterior carina of tergite VIII and anterior to the tergite's distal margin. distal region of tergite VIII gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The region of the cuticle of tergite VIII that is posterior to the posterior carina of tergite VIII and anterior to the tergite's distal margin. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 distal region of tergite VIII gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The bilaterally paired anatomical margin part of the anterior region of the clypeal margin that is lateral to lateral clypeal teeth 1 and medial to latera clypeal tooth 2. clypeal margin between clypeal teeth 1 and 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The bilaterally paired anatomical margin part of the anterior region of the clypeal margin that is lateral to lateral clypeal teeth 1 and medial to latera clypeal tooth 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 clypeal margin between clypeal teeth 1 and 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The not bilaterally paired anatomical margin part of the of the anterior region of the clypeal margin that is adjacent to lateral clypeal tooth 1 but not adjacent to the medial clypeal tooth. clypeal margin between clypeal teeth 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The not bilaterally paired anatomical margin part of the of the anterior region of the clypeal margin that is adjacent to lateral clypeal tooth 1 but not adjacent to the medial clypeal tooth. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 clypeal margin between clypeal teeth 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The bilaterally paired anatomical margin part of the anterior region of the clypeal margin that is lateral to lateral clypeal tooth 1 and medial to latera clypeal tooth 2. clypeal margin between clypeal tooth 1 and medial clypeal tooth gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The bilaterally paired anatomical margin part of the anterior region of the clypeal margin that is lateral to lateral clypeal tooth 1 and medial to latera clypeal tooth 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 clypeal margin between clypeal tooth 1 and medial clypeal tooth gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1 and distal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2. dorsal protibial margin between protibial teeth 1 and 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1 and distal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 dorsal protibial margin between protibial teeth 1 and 2 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-21 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2 and distal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3. dorsal protibial margin between protibial teeth 2 and 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 2 and distal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 dorsal protibial margin between protibial teeth 2 and 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3 and distal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 4. dorsal protibial margin between protibial teeth 3 and 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3 and distal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 4. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 dorsal protibial margin between protibial teeth 3 and 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 4 and distal to the profemoro-protibial conjunctiva. dorsal protibial margin proximal to protibial tooth 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 4 and distal to the profemoro-protibial conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 dorsal protibial margin proximal to protibial tooth 4 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to the protibial spur and distal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1. dorsal protibial margin between protibial spur and protibial tooth 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to the protibial spur and distal to the dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 1. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 dorsal protibial margin between protibial spur and protibial tooth 1 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The cuticular spur that is encircled by the protibio-protarsal spur conjunctiva. protibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The cuticular spur that is encircled by the protibio-protarsal spur conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 protibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The conjunctiva that enricles the protibial spur and is encircled by the protibia. protibio-protibial spur conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The conjunctiva that enricles the protibial spur and is encircled by the protibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 protibio-protibial spur conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The tibial carina that is part of the mesotibia. mesotibial carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The tibial carina that is part of the mesotibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 mesotibial carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The tibial carina that is part of the metatibia. metatibial carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The tibial carina that is part of the metatibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 metatibial carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The mesotibial carina that is located in the postero-ventral region of the mesotibia. mesotibial posteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The mesotibial carina that is located in the postero-ventral region of the mesotibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 mesotibial posteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The mesotibial carina that is located in the antero-ventral region of the mesotibia. mesotibial anteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The mesotibial carina that is located in the antero-ventral region of the mesotibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 mesotibial anteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The mesotibial carina that is located in the antero-dorsal region of the mesotibia. mesotibial anterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The mesotibial carina that is located in the antero-dorsal region of the mesotibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 mesotibial anterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The mesotibial carina that is located in the postero-dorsal region of the mesotibia. mesotibial posterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The mesotibial carina that is located in the postero-dorsal region of the mesotibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 mesotibial posterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The metatibial carina that is located in the antero-dorsal region of the metatibia. metatibial posteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the antero-dorsal region of the metatibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 metatibial posteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the postero-ventral region of the metatibia. metatibial anteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the postero-ventral region of the metatibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 metatibial anteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the antero-dorsal region of the metatibia. metatibial anterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the antero-dorsal region of the metatibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 metatibial anterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the postero-dorsal region of the metatibia. metatibial posterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The metatibial carina that is located in the postero-dorsal region of the metatibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 metatibial posterodorsal carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The cuticular spur encircled by the mesotibio-mesotibial spur conjunctiva. mesotibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The cuticular spur encircled by the mesotibio-mesotibial spur conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 mesotibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The cuticular spur encircled by the metatibio-metatibial spur conjunctiva. metatibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The cuticular spur encircled by the metatibio-metatibial spur conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 metatibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The conjunctiva that enricles the mesotibial spur and is encircled by the mesotibia. mesotibio-mesotibial spur conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 The conjunctiva that enricles the mesotibial spur and is encircled by the mesotibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-02-27 mesotibio-mesotibial spur conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The conjunctiva that enricles the metatibial spur and is encircled by the metatibia. metatibio-metatibial spur conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The conjunctiva that enricles the metatibial spur and is encircled by the metatibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 metatibio-metatibial spur conjunctiva gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The anatomical line parallel to the left-right body axis that is adjacent to the anterior margins of the eyes. line connecting anterior margins of eyes gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The anatomical line parallel to the left-right body axis that is adjacent to the anterior margins of the eyes. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 line connecting anterior margins of eyes gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The anatomical line parallel to the left-right body axis that is adjacent to the posterior margins of the eyes. line connecting posterior margins of eyes gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The anatomical line parallel to the left-right body axis that is adjacent to the posterior margins of the eyes. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 line connecting posterior margins of eyes gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-10 The protarsus with protarsomeres 1-4, without protarsomere 5. protarsus with 4 protarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The protarsus with protarsomeres 1-4, without protarsomere 5. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 protarsus with 4 protarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The tibial carina that is part of the protibia. protibial carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The tibial carina that is part of the protibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 protibial carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The protibial carina that is located in the antero-ventral region of the protibia. protibial anteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The protibial carina that is located in the antero-ventral region of the protibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 protibial anteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The protibial carina that is located in the postero-ventral region of the protibia. protibial posteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The protibial carina that is located in the postero-ventral region of the protibia. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 protibial posteroventral carina gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3 and distal to the profemoro-protibial conjunctiva. dorsal protibial margin proximal to protibial tooth 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical margin part of the dorsal protibial margin that is proximal to dorsal protibial cuticular tooth 3 and distal to the profemoro-protibial conjunctiva. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 dorsal protibial margin proximal to protibial tooth 3 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical line parallel to the proximal-distal axis that is adjacent to: 1) the proximal margin of mesotarsomere 2 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres; and 2) the distal margin of mesotarsomere 4 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres. line adjacent to mesotarsomeres 2-4 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical line parallel to the proximal-distal axis that is adjacent to: 1) the proximal margin of mesotarsomere 2 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres; and 2) the distal margin of mesotarsomere 4 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 line adjacent to mesotarsomeres 2-4 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The mesotibial spur that is located on the dorsal side of the tibial distal margin and is dorsal to the ventral protibial spur. dorsal mesotibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The mesotibial spur that is located on the dorsal side of the tibial distal margin and is dorsal to the ventral protibial spur. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 dorsal mesotibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The mesotibial spur that is located on the ventral side of the tibial distal margin and is ventral to the dorsal protibial spur. ventral mesotibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The mesotibial spur that is located on the ventral side of the tibial distal margin and is ventral to the dorsal protibial spur. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 ventral mesotibial spur gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical line parallel to the proximal-distal axis that is adjacent to: 1) the proximal margin of mesotarsomere 2 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres; and 2) the distal margin of mesotarsomere 5 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres. line adjacent to mesotarsomeres 2-5 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical line parallel to the proximal-distal axis that is adjacent to: 1) the proximal margin of mesotarsomere 2 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres; and 2) the distal margin of mesotarsomere 5 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 line adjacent to mesotarsomeres 2-5 of mesotarsus with 5 mesotarsomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical line parallel to the left-right body axis that is adjacent to the medial margins of the eyes. line connecting medial margin of eyes gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The anatomical line parallel to the left-right body axis that is adjacent to the medial margins of the eyes. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 line connecting medial margin of eyes gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The dorsodistal region of the cuticle of the paramere which has decreased thickness. membranous dorsodistal region of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The dorsodistal region of the cuticle of the paramere which has decreased thickness. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 membranous dorsodistal region of paramere gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2025-03-11 The protrusion on a sclerite that is linear. cuticular carina starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The protrusion on a sclerite that is linear. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 2021-05-06 cuticular carina Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "an elevated ridge or keel, not necessarily high or acute" 2021-12-10 Dorsal part of postabdomen. dorsal postabdomen starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Dorsal part of postabdomen. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 2021-05-31 The cuticular fovea that is small. cuticular puncture starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular fovea that is small. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-07-21 cuticular puncture Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "a small impression on the cuticle" 2021-12-10 The cuticular protrusion of a sclerite that is small and convex. cuticular granule starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular protrusion of a sclerite that is small and convex. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-07-21 cuticular granule Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "a little grain or a minute grainlike elevation". 2021-12-10 The cuticular protrusion of a sclerite that is rounded (circular). cuticular tubercle starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular protrusion of a sclerite that is rounded (circular). jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-07-21 cuticular tubercle Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "a small knoblike or rounded protuberance" 2021-12-10 The cuticular protrusion of a sclerite that is pointed and narrow. cuticular spine starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular protrusion of a sclerite that is pointed and narrow. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-07-21 cuticular spine Richards AG, Richards PA (1979) The cuticular protuberances of insects. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 8: 143–157. "Multicellular protuberances without differentiation of specialized cells [...] evaginations, non-movable" 2021-12-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(79)90013-8 The region of cuticle that bears an anatomical collection that is composed of granules. granulated cuticle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle that bears an anatomical collection that is composed of granules. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-07-21 granulated cuticle Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "covered with or made up of very small grains or granules" 2021-12-10 The region of cuticle that bears an anatomical collection that is composed of punctures. punctate cuticle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle that bears an anatomical collection that is composed of punctures. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 20021-12-10 2021-07-21 punctate cuticle Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "set with fine, impressed points or punctures appearing as pin-pricks" 2021-12-10 The region of the cuticle that bears an anatomical collection that is composed of setae. setose cuticle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of the cuticle that bears an anatomical collection that is composed of setae. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-07-21 setose cuticle Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "furnished or covered with setae or stiff hairs" 2021-12-10 The cuticular evagination constituted by conjunctiva that is elongated. conjunctival keel starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular evagination constituted by conjunctiva that is elongated. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 The cuticular evagination constituted by conjunctiva that is circular. conjunctival tubercle starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular evagination constituted by conjunctiva that is circular. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 The cuticular depression constituted by conjunctiva that is elongated. conjunctival fold imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The cuticular depression constituted by conjunctiva that is elongated. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal tentorial arm and the proximal margin of the scapus. anterior tentorio-scapal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal tentorial arm and the proximal margin of the scapus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 anterior tentorio-scapal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior or dorsal tentorial arms" "Insertion: Anterior (ventral) basal margin of the scape" The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal or anterior tentorial arm and the proximo-dorsal margin of the scapus. posterior tentorio-scapal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal or anterior tentorial arm and the proximo-dorsal margin of the scapus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 posterior tentorio-scapal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior or dorsal tentorial arms" "Insertion: Posterior (dorsal) basal margin of the scape" The cranio-antennal muscle that extends between the dorsal or anterior tentorial arm and the proximo-lateral margin of the scapus. lateral tentorio-scapal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cranio-antennal muscle that extends between the dorsal or anterior tentorial arm and the proximo-lateral margin of the scapus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 lateral tentorio-scapal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior or dorsal tentorial arms" "Insertion: Lateral basal margin of the scape" The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal or anterior tentorial arm and the proximal margin of the scapus. medial tentorio-scapal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal or anterior tentorial arm and the proximal margin of the scapus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 medial tentorio-scapal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior or dorsal tentorial arms" "Insertion: Mesal basal margin of the scape" The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the frons and the pedicellus. fronto-pedicellar muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the frons and the pedicellus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 fronto-pedicellar muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Frons" "Insertion: Lateral edge of the pedicel" The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal or dorsolateral regions of the scapus and the lateral or dorsolateral regions of the pedicellus. lateral scapo-pedicellar muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the dorsal or dorsolateral regions of the scapus and the lateral or dorsolateral regions of the pedicellus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 lateral scapo-pedicellar muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Dorsal or dorsolateral wall of the scape" "Insertion: Lateral or dorsolateral wall of the pedicel" The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the scapus and the pedicellus. medial scapo-pedicellar muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the scapus and the pedicellus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 medial scapo-pedicellar muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesal or dorsomesal wall of the scape" "Insertion: Mesal, anteriomesal or anterior edge of the pedicel" The cranio-labral muscle that is attached to the frons and the labrum. frontolabral muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labral muscle that is attached to the frons and the labrum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 frontolabral muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesally on the frons or on the antennal base" "Insertion: Mesally on the outer basal wall of the labrum" The cranio-labral muscle that is attached to the frontoclypeal ridge and the labrum. epistoepipharyngeal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labral muscle that is attached to the frontoclypeal ridge and the labrum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 epistoepipharyngeal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Epistomal sulcus" "Insertion: Basal labral wall" The cranio-labral muscle that is attached to the frons and the tormae. frontoepypharyngeal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labral muscle that is attached to the frons and the tormae. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 frontoepypharyngeal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesally on the frons or on the antennal base, usually on the same level as musculus frontolabralis" "Insertion: Basal labral wall or tormae" The apodeme at either side of the proximal margin of the labrum. torma lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The apodeme at either side of the proximal margin of the labrum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 torma Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tormae: lateral apodemes of labral base" The cranio-labral muscle that extends betwen the sides of the labrum. transversal labral muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cranio-labral muscle that extends betwen the sides of the labrum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 transversal labral muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Ventral labral wall" "Insertion: Ventral labral wall of the other side" The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the insect mandible. internal cranio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 internal cranio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Ventral, posterior, lateral and/or dorsal parts of the head capsule and/or posterior and anterior tentorial arms" "Insertion: Tendon that inserts at the median edge of the mandible" The cranio-mandibular muscle that extends between the gena and the lateral margin of the insect mandible. posteroexternal cranio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-mandibular muscle that extends between the gena and the lateral margin of the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 posteroexternal cranio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Gena and postgena" "Insertion: Tendon that inserts at the lateral edge of the mandible" The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the gena and the insect mandible. anteroexternal cranio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the gena and the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 anteroexternal cranio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Gena, below the compound eye" "Insertion: With a tendon on the mandible, posterior to the anterior articulation complex" The hypopharyngeal sclerite on the proximal region of the hypopharynx. fulturae hypopharyngeal arms oral arms hypopharyngeal suspensorium jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2022-06-27 The hypopharyngeal sclerite on the proximal region of the hypopharynx. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-22 2021-04-22 fulturae Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 hypopharyngeal arms Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 oral arms Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 hypopharyngeal suspensorium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Suspensorium (=fulturae, hypopharyngeal arms, oral arms): sclerotized strengthening elements of proximal hypopharynx." The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the suspensorium and the insect mandible. hypopharyngeomandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the suspensorium and the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 hypopharyngeomandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Small sclerite close to the loral arm (Thermobia), scleroticed arm that elongates the loral arm (Neoptera)" "Insertion: Inner side of the lateral wall of the mandible" The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the dorsal tentorial arm and the proximal margin of the insect mandible. superolateral tentorio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the dorsal tentorial arm and the proximal margin of the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 superolateral tentorio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior and dorsal tentorial arm" "Insertion: Outer basal edge of the mandibular body, between processus paratentorialis and posterior articulation" The cranio-mandibular muscle that extends between the anterior tentorial arm and the proximal-ventral margin of the insect mandible. inferolateral tentorio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cranio-mandibular muscle that extends between the anterior tentorial arm and the proximal-ventral margin of the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 inferolateral tentorio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior tentorial arm" "Insertion: Ventral basal margin of the mandible" The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the anterior tentorial arm and the insect mandible. superomedial tentorio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-mandibular muscle that is attached to the anterior tentorial arm and the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 superomedial tentorio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior and dorsal tentorial arm below musculus tentoriomandibularis externus dorsalis" "Insertion: Upper inner end of the mandible, just below the posterior mandibular condyle" The cranio-mandibular muscle that extends between the anterior tentorial arm and the dorso-medial region of the insect mandible. inferomedial tentorio-mandibular muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cranio-mandibular muscle that extends between the anterior tentorial arm and the dorso-medial region of the insect mandible. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 inferomedial tentorio-mandibular muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior tentorial arm, below musculus tentoriomandibularis lateralis superior" "Insertion: Mediodorsal wall of the mandibular cavity" The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the insect maxilla. insect cranio-maxillar muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the insect maxilla. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 2021-04-04 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the gena and the cardo. cranio-cardinal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the gena and the cardo. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 cranio-cardinal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Postgena and gena" "Insertion: Basal cardinal process" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the gena and the lacinia. cranio-lacinial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the gena and the lacinia. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 cranio-lacinial muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Posterior part of the gena" "Insertion: Basal edge of lacinia" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the tentorium and the cardo. tentorio-cardinal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the tentorium and the cardo. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 tentorio-cardinal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Tentorium" "Insertion: Distal part of the cardo, close to the carostipital sulcus" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the tentorium and the stipital ridge. anterior tentorio-stipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the tentorium and the stipital ridge. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 anterior tentorio-stipital muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Tentorium" "Insertion: Stipital ridge" The ridge that is part of the stipes. stipital ridge lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The ridge that is part of the stipes. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 stipital ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the tentorium and the stipes. posterior tentorio-stipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the tentorium and the stipes. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 posterior tentorio-stipital muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Tentorium" "Insertion: Basally on the stipes, close to the stipitocardinal suture" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the stipes and the lacinia. stipito-lacinial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the stipes and the lacinia. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 stipito-lacinial muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Lateral wall of the stipes, basal to the maxillary palpus" "Insertion: Basal edge of lacinia, in some cases common tendon with 0mx4" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the stipes and the galea. stipito-galeal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the stipes and the galea. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 stipito-galeal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Lateral wall of the stipes, basal to the maxillary palpus" "Insertion: Basal edge of galea" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the stipes and the maxillary palpus. stipito-palpal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the stipes and the maxillary palpus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 stipito-palpal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x The cuticle of the mere that is part of the maxillary palpus. cuticle of maxillary palpomere maxillary palpomere jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the maxillary palpus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of maxillary palpomere 2023-04-13 maxillary palpomere Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the palpiger and to the proximal margin of the maxillary palpomere II. cuticle of maxillary palpomere I maxillary palpomere I jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the palpiger and to the proximal margin of the maxillary palpomere II. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of maxillary palpomere I 2023-04-13 maxillary palpomere I Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere I. cuticle of maxillary palpomere II maxillary palpomere II jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere I. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of maxillary palpomere II 2023-04-13 maxillary palpomere II Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere II. cuticle of maxillary palpomere III maxillary palpomere III jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere II. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of maxillary palpomere III 2023-04-13 maxillary palpomere III Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere III. cuticle of maxillary palpomere IV maxillary palpomere IV jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere III. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of maxillary palpomere IV 2023-04-13 maxillary palpomere IV Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere IV. cuticle of maxillary palpomere V maxillary palpomere V lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cuticle of the maxillary palpomere that is attached to the distal margin of the maxillary palpomere IV. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-21 cuticle of maxillary palpomere V 2023-04-13 maxillary palpomere V Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the first maxillar palpomere and the second maxillar palpomere. first maxillar palpopalpal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the first maxillar palpomere and the second maxillar palpomere. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 first maxillar palpopalpal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Basal edge of palpomere 1" "Insertion: Basal edge of palpomere 2" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the second maxillar palpomere and the third maxillar palpomere. second maxillar palpopalpal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the second maxillar palpomere and the third maxillar palpomere. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 second maxillar palpopalpal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesal edge of palpomere 2" "Insertion: Mesal edge of palpomere 3" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the third maxillar palpomere and the fourth maxillar palpomere. third maxillar palpopalpal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the third maxillar palpomere and the fourth maxillar palpomere. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 third maxillar palpopalpal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Basal edge of palpomere 3" "Insertion: Basal edge of palpomere 4" The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the fourth maxillar palpomere and the fifth maxillar palpomere. fourth maxillar palpopalpal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-maxillar muscle that is attached to the fourth maxillar palpomere and the fifth maxillar palpomere. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 fourth maxillar palpopalpal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesal edge of palpomere 4" "Insertion: Mesal edge of palpomere 5" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the postoccipital phragma and the glossa. postoccipitoglossal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the postoccipital phragma and the glossa. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 postoccipitoglossal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Postoccipital phragma" "Insertion: glossa" The internal apodeme that is continuous with the cuticle of the notum and is attached to a dorsal longitudinal muscle. phragma lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The internal apodeme that is continuous with the cuticle of the notum and is attached to a dorsal longitudinal muscle. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 phragma Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Phragma: large, ridge-shaped internal apodeme." "Phragma (=antecosta): dorsal thoracic transverse ridge, attachment site of dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscles." (p. 121) The phragma that is continuous with the postocciput. postoccipital phragma jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The phragma that is continuous with the postocciput. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 postoccipital phragma Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the postoccipital phragma and the prementum. postoccipitopremental muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the postoccipital phragma and the prementum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 postoccipitopremental muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Postoccipital phragma, laterad to musculus postoccipitoparaglossalis" "Insertion: Posteriolateral angle of the prementum" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the posterior tentorial arm and the prementum. tentorio-premental muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the posterior tentorial arm and the prementum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 tentorio-premental muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Posterior tentorial arms, cranium" "Insertion: Laterobasal edge of prementum" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the posterior tentorial arm and the paraglossa. tentorio-paraglossal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the posterior tentorial arm and the paraglossa. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 tentorio-paraglossal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Posterior tentorial arms, postoccipital ridge or cranium" "Insertion: Paraglossa, close to the labial palp" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the submentum and the prementum. submentopremental muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the submentum and the prementum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 submentopremental muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mediobasal part of submentum or gula" "Insertion: Mediobasal edge of prementum, close to the gales" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the submentum and the mentum. submentomental muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the submentum and the mentum. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 submentomental muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: submentum" "Insertion: mentum" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the prementum and the paraglossa. premento-paraglossal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the prementum and the paraglossa. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 premento-paraglossal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesal on the basal edge of the prementum" "Insertion: Dorsobasal edge of paraglossa" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the prementum and the glossa. premento-glossal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the prementum and the glossa. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 premento-glossal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Mesally on the prementum" "Insertion: Mediobasal edge of glossa" The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the prementum and the labial palpus. premento-palpal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-labial muscle that is attached to the prementum and the labial palpus. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 premento-palpal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: prementum" "Insertion: labial palpus" The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the hypopharynx. cranio-hypopharyngeal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the hypopharynx. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 2021-04-04 The cranio-hypopharyngeal muscle that is attached to the frons and the suspensorium. fronto-oral muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-hypopharyngeal muscle that is attached to the frons and the suspensorium. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 fronto-oral muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Frons" "Insertion: Oral arms of the suspensorial sclerites" The cranio-hypopharyngeal muscle that is attached to the anterior tentorial arm and the suspensorium. tentorio-oral muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The cranio-hypopharyngeal muscle that is attached to the anterior tentorial arm and the suspensorium. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 tentorio-oral muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Anterior tentorial arm, epistomal sulcus or frons close to epistomal sulcus" "Insertion: Oral arms of the suspensorial sclerites, well seperated from above" The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the tentorium. insect cranio-tentorial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The somatic muscle that is attached to the head capsule and the tentorium. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 2021-04-04 The insect cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the tentorial bridge and the frons. tentorio-frontal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the tentorial bridge and the frons. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 tentorio-frontal muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Laterad on the anterior corpotentorium" "Insertion: Frons" The insect cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the tentorial bridge and the tentorium. tentorio-tentorial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The insect cranio-antennal muscle that is attached to the tentorial bridge and the tentorium. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-03 tentorio-tentorial muscle Wipfler B, Machida R, Mueller B, Beutel RG (2011). On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic position of the order, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia. Systematic Entomology, 36(2), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00556.x "Origin: Ventrolaterad on the anterior corpotentorium" "Insertion: Mesad on the posterior tentorium" The somatic muscle that is part of the insect leg. insect leg muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The somatic muscle that is part of the insect leg. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The somatic muscle that is part of the insect thorax. insect thoracic muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The somatic muscle that is part of the insect thorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-13 2021-04-21 The insect thoracic muscle that is not fan-shaped and runs along the dorsal region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The insect thoracic muscle that is not fan-shaped and runs along the dorsal region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The insect thoracic muscle that runs parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis. dorso-ventral thoracic muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that runs parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 dorso-ventral thoracic muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the notum (or tergum) and the pleura. tergo-pleural muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the notum (or tergum) and the pleura. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 tergo-pleural muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the sternum and the pleura. sterno-pleural muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the sternum and the pleura. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 sterno-pleural muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The insect thoracic muscle that is not fan-shaped and runs along the ventral region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. ventral-longitudinal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The insect thoracic muscle that is not fan-shaped and runs along the ventral region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 ventral-longitudinal muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the prophragma and the postocciput. prophragma-occipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the prophragma and the postocciput. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-06 prophragma-occipital muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "origin: prophragma" "insertion: postocciput" The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the pronotum and the postocciput. pronoto-occipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the pronotum and the postocciput. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-06 pronoto-occipital muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "origin: pronotum" "insertion: postocciput" The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the prophragma and the cervical sclerite. prophragma-cervical muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the prophragma and the cervical sclerite. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-06 prophragma-cervical muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "origin: prophragma" "insertion: cervical sclerite" The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the cervical sclerite and the postocciput. dorsal cervico-occipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the cervical sclerite and the postocciput. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-04 dorsal cervico-occipital muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "origin: cervical sclerite" "insertion: postocciput" The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the pronotum and the prophragma. pronoto-phragmal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that is attached to the pronotum and the prophragma. lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-04-04 pronoto-phragmal muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "origin: pronotum" "insertion: prophragma" The phragma of the mesonotum that attaches to muscles attached to the pronotum. prophragma lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The phragma of the mesonotum that attaches to muscles attached to the pronotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle of the prothorax that is attached to the anterior margin of a cervical sclerite and the dorso-lateral region of the postocciput. anterior cervico-occipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle of the prothorax that is attached to the anterior margin of a cervical sclerite and the dorso-lateral region of the postocciput. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 anterior cervico-occipital muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "The dorsoventral muscle that arises from dorsolateral postocciput and inserts on anterior tip of first lateral cervical sclerite." The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the antero-lateral region of the pronotum and the medial region of the propleuron. anterior pronoto-cervical muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the antero-lateral region of the pronotum and the medial region of the propleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 anterior pronoto-cervical muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "The dorsoventral muscle that arises from anterolateral pronotum and inserts on atypically on middle region of anterior propleural sclerite." The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the tentorium and the prophragma. prophragma-tentorial muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the tentorium and the prophragma. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 prophragma-tentorial muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the profurca and the lateral region of the prophragma. profurca-prophragmal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the profurca and the lateral region of the prophragma. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 profurca-prophragmal muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "The dorsoventral muscle that arises from posterior face of proximal profurcal arm and inserts on lateral prophragma." The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the posterior region (occipital region) of the head capsule and the profurca. profurca-occipital muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the posterior region (occipital region) of the head capsule and the profurca. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 profurca-occipital muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that extends between the medial region of the prophragma and the medial region of the mesophragma. prophragma-mesophragmal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsal longitudinal thoracic muscle that extends between the medial region of the prophragma and the medial region of the mesophragma. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 prophragma-mesophragmal muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 "The dorsal longitudinal muscle that arises from median prophragma and inserts on median mesophragma." The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the profurca and the mesonotum. profurca-mesonotal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsoventral thoracic muscle that extends between the profurca and the mesonotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 profurca-mesonotal muscle Friedrich, F., & Beutel, R. G. (2008). The thorax of Zorotypus (Hexapoda, Zoraptera) and a new nomenclature for the musculature of Neoptera. Arthropod Structure & Development, 37(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2007.04.003 The somatic muscle that is part of the insect abdomen. insect abdominal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 2021-12-13 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The somatic muscle that is part of the insect abdomen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 The insect abdominal muscle that runs along the lateral region, parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis. lateral abdominal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect abdominal muscle that runs along the lateral region, parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 lateral abdominal muscle Klug, R., & Bradler, S. (2006). The pregenital abdominal musculature in phasmids and its implications for the basal phylogeny of Phasmatodea (Insecta: Polyneoptera). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 6(3), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2005.08.004 The insect abdominal muscle that runs along the ventral region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. ventral longitudinal abdominal muscle lagonzalezmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-9932 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect abdominal muscle that runs along the ventral region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 ventral longitudinal abdominal muscle Klug, R., & Bradler, S. (2006). The pregenital abdominal musculature in phasmids and its implications for the basal phylogeny of Phasmatodea (Insecta: Polyneoptera). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 6(3), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2005.08.004 The insect abdominal muscle that runs along the dorsal region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. dorsal longitudinal abdominal muscle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect abdominal muscle that runs along the dorsal region, parallel to the anterior-posterior axis. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-22 dorsal longitudinal abdominal muscle Klug, R., & Bradler, S. (2006). The pregenital abdominal musculature in phasmids and its implications for the basal phylogeny of Phasmatodea (Insecta: Polyneoptera). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 6(3), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2005.08.004 The sclerite of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of stipes by the stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva and to the cuticle of maxillary palpus by the palpifero-palpal conjunctiva. cuticle of palpifer palpifer jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect maxilla that is attached to the cuticle of stipes by the stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva and to the cuticle of maxillary palpus by the palpifero-palpal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-17 cuticle of palpifer 2023-04-13 palpifer Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Palpifer: small separate element of stipes, bears the maxillary palp." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the mentum and the prementum. mental-premental conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the mentum and the prementum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-17 The sclerite of the cuticle of labium that is cmposed of the submentum and the mentum, which are connected by the submental-mental conjunctiva postmentum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the cuticle of labium that is cmposed of the submentum and the mentum, which are connected by the submental-mental conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-17 postmentum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postmentum: posterior main element of labium, posteriorly adjacent with foramen occipitale in hexapods without gula or hypostomal bridge; often separated into two sclerites, the anterior mentum and the posterior submentum." The sclerite of the labium that is anterior to the submentum and posterior to the prementum, and attached to the prementum by the mental-premental conjunctiva. insect mentum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the labium that is anterior to the submentum and posterior to the prementum, and attached to the prementum by the mental-premental conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-17 insect mentum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Mentum: intermediate part of labium, anterior part of postmentum; bears the prementum at its distal edge." Modified 2023-01-20: to specify insect mentum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the labium that is anteriorly attached to the mentum by the submental-mental conjunctiva. submentum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the labium that is anteriorly attached to the mentum by the submental-mental conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-17 submentum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Submentum: posterior part of a divided postmentum." The sclerite of the cuticle of labium that is attached to the prementum by the premental-palpigeral conjunctiva and to the cuticle of labial palpus by the palpigero-palpal conjunctiva. cuticle of palpiger palpiger jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the cuticle of labium that is attached to the prementum by the premental-palpigeral conjunctiva and to the cuticle of labial palpus by the palpigero-palpal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-17 cuticle of palpiger 2023-04-13 palpiger Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Palpiger: small separate element of prementum, bears the labial palp." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the head capsule that connects the antennifer and the scapus. antenniferal-scapal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the head capsule that connects the antennifer and the scapus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 Is the conjunctiva of the antenna that connects a flagellomere and other flagellomere. interflagellomeral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the conjunctiva of the antenna that connects a flagellomere and other flagellomere. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the stipes and the lacinia. stipito-lacinial conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the stipes and the lacinia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the stipes and the palpifer. stipito-palpiferal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the stipes and the palpifer. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the stipes and the galea. stipito-galeal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the stipes and the galea. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the palpifer and the maxillary palpus. palpifero-palpal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the palpifer and the maxillary palpus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the submentum and the mentum. submental-mental conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the submentum and the mentum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the prementum and the palpiger. premental-palpigeral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the prementum and the palpiger. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the prementum and the paraglossa. premental-paraglossal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the prementum and the paraglossa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the prementum and the glossa. premental-glossal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the prementum and the glossa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the palpiger and the labial palpus. palpigero-palpal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the labium that connects the palpiger and the labial palpus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the clypeus and the labrum. clypeo-labral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect maxilla that connects the clypeus and the labrum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 The region of the head capsule that is anterior to the frons and is attached to the labrum by the clypeo-labral conjunctiva clypeus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the head capsule that is anterior to the frons and is attached to the labrum by the clypeo-labral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 clypeus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Clypeus: anteroventral part of head capsule; primarily separated from frons by transverse frontoclypeal strengthening ridge between anterior tentorial pits; usually bearing the labrum at its distal margin." The region of cuticle of the head capsule that is located posterior to the clypeus and delimited by the frontal suture. frons jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the head capsule that is located posterior to the clypeus and delimited by the frontal suture. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 frons Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Frons: frontal part of head capsule, delimited by ecdysial lines (frontal sutures); often triangular and bearing unpaired (median) ocellus." The ridge along the dorsal and lateral regions of the head capsule that is adjacent to the foramen occipitale. postoccipital ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge along the dorsal and lateral regions of the head capsule that is adjacent to the foramen occipitale. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 postoccipital ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postoccipital ridge: strengthening ridge enclosing the foramen occipitale dorsally and laterally; also serving as muscle attachment area." The ridge of the head capsule surrounding the eye cuticle. circumocular ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge of the head capsule surrounding the eye cuticle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-19 circumocular ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Circumocular ridge: internal ridge enclosing compound eye." The foramen of the head capsule that connects with the neck membrane and is divided by the tentorial bridge into alaforamen and neuroforamen. occipital foramen foramen occipitale jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The foramen of the head capsule that connects with the neck membrane and is divided by the tentorial bridge into alaforamen and neuroforamen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 occipital foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 foramen occipitale Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Foramen occipitale (=foramen magnum): posterior opening of head capsule; divided by tentorial bridge into alaforamen and neuroforamen." The apophysis of the tentorium originating from each posterior tentorial arm. corpotentorium tentorial bridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The apophysis of the tentorium originating from each posterior tentorial arm. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 corpotentorium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tentorial bridge (=corpotentorium): transverse element connecting posterior tentorial arms, often plate-like." tentorial bridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tentorial bridge (=corpotentorium): transverse element connecting posterior tentorial arms, often plate-like." The dorsal region of the head capsule that surrounds the coronal suture, and is connected laterally to the genae. vertex jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsal region of the head capsule that surrounds the coronal suture, and is connected laterally to the genae. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 vertex Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Vertex: posterodorsal part of head capsule, usually medially divided by ecdysial line (coronal suture)." The lateral region of the head capsule, connected dorsally to the lateral regions of the vertex. gena jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The lateral region of the head capsule, connected dorsally to the lateral regions of the vertex. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 gena Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Gena: lateral region of head capsule; not separated from vertex by a ridge or suture." The lateral region of the head capsule that connects dorsally to the ventral side of the gena and ventrally to the mandible. subgena jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The lateral region of the head capsule that connects dorsally to the ventral side of the gena and ventrally to the mandible. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 subgena Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Subgena: narrow lateral region of head capsule, above external side of mandibular base, usually separated from gena by subgenal ridge." The region of the cuticle of the head capsule that coincides with an ecdysial line. cuticular suture jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle of the head capsule that coincides with an ecdysial line. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 cuticular suture Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Suture: ecdysial suture, zone of weakness." 2021-12-10 The cuticular suture that surrounds the frons and is connected to the coronal suture. frontal suture jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular suture that surrounds the frons and is connected to the coronal suture. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-04-03 frontal suture Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Frontal suture: paired ecdysial sutures enclosing frons; anterior parts of epicranial suture." The longitudinal cuticular suture that is on the vertex and is connected to the frontal suture. coronal suture jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The longitudinal cuticular suture that is on the vertex and is connected to the frontal suture. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-04-03 coronal suture Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coronal suture: unpaired median ecdysial sutures dividing vertex; anteriorly continuous with frontal sutures." The ridge of the head capsule comprising the posterior region of the subgenal ridge. pleurostomal ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge of the head capsule comprising the posterior region of the subgenal ridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 pleurostomal ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 [Pleurostomal ridge: anterior section of the subgenal ridge above the mandibular base. (p. 14)] The ridge of the head capsule that separates the gena and the subgena. subgenal ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge of the head capsule that separates the gena and the subgena. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 subgenal ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Subgenal ridge: strengthening ridge separating gena from subgena." The lateral region of the head capsule that is adjacent to the foramen occipitale hypostomal bridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The lateral region of the head capsule that is adjacent to the foramen occipitale jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 hypostomal bridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Hypostomal bridge: partial closure of foramen occipitale, formed by ventromedially adjacent extensions of lateral head capsule." [posterior section of the subgenal ridge; p. 14] The ridge of the head capsule that separates the clypeus and the frons. frontoclypeal ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge of the head capsule that separates the clypeus and the frons. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 frontoclypeal ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Frontoclypeal (strengthening) ridge (=frontoclypeal “suture”, epistomal “suture”): internal ridge separating clypeus from frons, between anterior tentorial pits." The sclerite on the ventral region of the head capsule that is limited laterally by the gular ridges, posteriorly by the foramen occipitale and anteriorly by the submentum. gula jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite on the ventral region of the head capsule that is limited laterally by the gular ridges, posteriorly by the foramen occipitale and anteriorly by the submentum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 gula Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Gula: sclerite partially closing foramen occipitale, formed by sclerotized region of ventral cervical membrane." Each ridge on the ventral region of the head capsule marking the sides of the gula. gular ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Each ridge on the ventral region of the head capsule marking the sides of the gula. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 gular ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Gular ridges: lateral internal ridges enclosing the gula." The apophysis of the tentorium that originates from each posterior tentorial pit. posterior tentorial arm jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The apophysis of the tentorium that originates from each posterior tentorial pit. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 posterior tentorial arm Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Posterior tentorial arm: paired posterior element of tentorium; originates at posterior tentorial pit." The apophysis of the tentorium that is connected to an anterior tentorial pit. anterior tentorial arm jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The apophysis of the tentorium that is connected to an anterior tentorial pit. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 anterior tentorial arm Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anterior tentorial arm: paired tentorial element anterior to tentorial bridge; originates at anterior tentorial pit." The apophysis of the tentorium that is connected to an anterior tentorial arm. dorsal tentorial arm jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The apophysis of the tentorium that is connected to an anterior tentorial arm. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 dorsal tentorial arm Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Dorsal tentorial arm: paired dorsal element of tentorium, originating at anterior arm or connecting area of anterior and posterior arm; often connected with head capsule by fibrillae." The arthropod foramen that is part of the foramen occipitale and is located above the tentorial bridge. alaforamen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The arthropod foramen that is part of the foramen occipitale and is located above the tentorial bridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 alaforamen Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Alaforamen: part of foramen occipitale above tentorial bridge; passage of oesophagus and tracheal stems." The arthropod foramen that is part of the foramen occipitale and located below the tentorial bridge. neuroforamen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The arthropod foramen that is part of the foramen occipitale and located below the tentorial bridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 neuroforamen Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Neuroforamen: part of foramen occipitale below tentorial bridge; passage of cervical connectives between suboesophageal complex and prothoracic ganglion." The posterior region of the head capsule that is continuous with the posterior region of the gena and is anterior to the postoccipital ridge. postgena jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The posterior region of the head capsule that is continuous with the posterior region of the gena and is anterior to the postoccipital ridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 postgena Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postgena: posterior genal region anterior to postoccipital ridge." The region of the head capsule that is continuous with the postgena and adjacent to the foramen occipitale. postgenal bridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the head capsule that is continuous with the postgena and adjacent to the foramen occipitale. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 postgenal bridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postgenal bridge: partial closure of foramen occipital formed by postgenal extensions." The ridge of the head capsule that encircles the antennal foramen. circumantennal ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge of the head capsule that encircles the antennal foramen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 circumantennal ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "The antennal foramen is enclosed by a circumantennal ridge, which often bears a small articulatory process, the antennifer." The dorsolateral region of the head capsule that is posterior to the postoccipital ridge postocciput jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 The dorsolateral region of the head capsule that is posterior to the postoccipital ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 2021-02-24 postocciput Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postocciput: posteriormost head region." The region of the head capsule that comprises the posterior region of the subgena. hypostoma jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the head capsule that comprises the posterior region of the subgena. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 hypostoma Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Hypostoma: posterior part of subgena." The ridge composing the posterior region of the subgenal ridge. hypostomal ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge composing the posterior region of the subgenal ridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 hypostomal ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Hypostomal ridge: posterior part of subgenal ridge." The ridge that runs along the posterior region of the head capsule. occipital suture occipital ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge that runs along the posterior region of the head capsule. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 occipital suture jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 occipital ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Occipital ridge (=“occipital suture”): ridge on posterior head region; present in some groups, oblique and short or more or less parallel to postocciptal rigde (Orthoptera). No true segmental border." The region of cuticle comprising the posterior region of the clypeus. postclypeus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle comprising the posterior region of the clypeus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 postclypeus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postclypeus: sclerotized and pigmented proximal part of clypeus." The region of the cuticle comprising the anterior region of the clypeus. anteclypeus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle comprising the anterior region of the clypeus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 anteclypeus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anteclypeus: transparent distal part of clypeus." The region of the cuticle that is composed of the clypeus and the labrum. clypeolabrum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle that is composed of the clypeus and the labrum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 clypeolabrum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Clypeolabrum: area comprising the fused clypeus and labrum." The sense organ of the insect head that is covered by the eye cuticle. insect compound eye jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sense organ of the insect head that is covered by the eye cuticle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 insect compound eye Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Compound eye: paired main light sense organs; almost always composed of numerous ommatidia." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect compound eye. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sense organ of the insect head that is covered by eye cuticle. insect ocellus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sense organ of the insect head that is covered by eye cuticle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-03 insect ocellus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Ocellus: relatively simple median eye with single cornea lens and always lacking a crystalline cone: three are probably present in the groundplan of Insecta, but reductions occur in many groups." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect ocellus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Are apophyses of the tentorium originating at each anterior tentorial arm. laminatentoria jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Are apophyses of the tentorium originating at each anterior tentorial arm. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-02-24 laminatentoria Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "In some groups an accessory bridge is formed by medially fused internally directed processes, the laminatentoria. This feature is sometimes erroneously referred to as “perforated corpotentorium”." The region of cuticle of the insect abdomen that is posteriorly connected to the postabdomen. preabdomen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the insect abdomen that is posteriorly connected to the postabdomen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 preabdomen Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Preabdomen (=pregenital segments): anterior abdominal segments (I–VII)." The region of cuticle of the insect abdomen that is anteriorly connected to the preabdomen. postabdomen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the insect abdomen that is anteriorly connected to the preabdomen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 postabdomen Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postabdomen: posterior segments (VIII–XI) bearing genital appendages." The sclerite of the insect abdomen that is dorsal and medial. abdominal tergum abdominal tergite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The sclerite of the insect abdomen that is dorsal and medial. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 abdominal tergum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tergum: plate-like dorsal sclerite of abdominal segment." abdominal tergite Lawrence J, Ślipiński A (2013) 1 Australian beetles volume 1: morphology, classification and keys. CSIRO Publishing, 520 pp. https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/6466/ "major plate of the abdominal tergum" The sclerite of the insect abdomen that is ventral and medial. abdominal sternum abdominal sternite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect abdomen that is ventral and medial. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 abdominal sternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sternum: plate-like ventral sclerite of abdominal segment." The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that surrounds the spiracles. pleural membrane jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that surrounds the spiracles. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 pleural membrane Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pleural membrane: lateral unsclerotized part of abdominal segments, connecting tergum and sternum; usually bearing spiracles I–VIII." The sclerite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite X by the abdominal tergite X-epiproct conjunctiva. proctiger epiproct jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite X by the abdominal tergite X-epiproct conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 proctiger Lawrence J, Ślipiński A (2013) 1 Australian beetles volume 1: morphology, classification and keys. CSIRO Publishing, 520 pp. https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/6466/ [not defined] epiproct Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Epiproct: unpaired dorsal element (tergum) of segment XI." The paired sclerite of the insect abdomen that is attached to the lateral margin of the abdominal tergite X by the abdominal tergite X-paraproct conjunctiva. paraproct jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The paired sclerite of the insect abdomen that is attached to the lateral margin of the abdominal tergite X by the abdominal tergite X-paraproct conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 paraproct Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Paraproct: paired lateral element of segment XI." The cuticular evagination of the postabdomen that is distal and attached to the cuticle of parameres by the paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva and is connected to the endophallus. cuticle of aedeagus insect penis aedeagus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular evagination of the postabdomen that is distal and attached to the cuticle of parameres by the paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva and is connected to the endophallus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 cuticle of aedeagus 2023-04-13 insect penis Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Penis: main element of the male copulatory apparatus." aedeagus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Aedeagus (penis is often used as a synonym): male copulatory organ." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticular invagination of the postabdomen that is attached distally to the gonopore and basally to the aedeagus. endophallus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular invagination of the postabdomen that is attached distally to the gonopore and basally to the aedeagus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 endophallus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Endophallus: membranous extrusible internal part of aedeagus." The cuticle of the paired cuticular evagination of the postabdomen that is attached to the cuticle of phallobase by the phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva and to the cuticle of aedeagus by the paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva. cuticle of paramere paramere imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the paired cuticular evagination of the postabdomen that is attached to the cuticle of phallobase by the phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva and to the cuticle of aedeagus by the paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 cuticle of paramere 2023-04-13 paramere Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Parameres: paired lateral parts of aedeagus." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle of the postabdomen that is attached to the abdominal sternite IX by the abdominal sternite IX-phallobase conjunctiva and to the paramere by the phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva. basal piece phallobase jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the postabdomen that is attached to the abdominal sternite IX by the abdominal sternite IX-phallobase conjunctiva and to the paramere by the phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 basal piece Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Phallobase (=basal piece): part of segment IX bearing copulatory organ." phallobase Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Phallobase (=basal piece): part of segment IX bearing copulatory organ." The region of cuticle of the endophallus that is thicker. endophallite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the endophallus that is thicker. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 endophallite Génier F (2019) Endophallites: a proposed neologism for naming the sclerotized elements of the insect endophallus (Arthropoda: Insecta). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.) 55: 482–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2019.1685907 "endophallite(s) refer to the sclerotized structures of the endophallus whether the structure be circular, flat, folded or spiniform." The region of the cuticle in the postabdomen that is attached to the genital chamber. bursa copulatrix jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle in the postabdomen that is attached to the genital chamber. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 bursa copulatrix Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Bursa copulatrix: evagination of the vagina, receives the copulatory organ." The paired sclerite of the postabdomen that is attached to the abdominal sternite VII by the abdominal sternite VII-gonocoxa conjunctiva and is articulated with abdominal tergite IX. It is attached at the base of gonostylus VIII and adjacent to the gonopore. cuticle of gonocoxa VIII first coxopodite first gonocoxite first valvifer gonocoxa VIII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The paired sclerite of the postabdomen that is attached to the abdominal sternite VII by the abdominal sternite VII-gonocoxa conjunctiva and is articulated with abdominal tergite IX. It is attached at the base of gonostylus VIII and adjacent to the gonopore. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 cuticle of gonocoxa VIII 2023-04-13 first coxopodite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." first gonocoxite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." first valvifer Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." gonocoxa VIII Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle that is connected to the oviduct, the bursa copulatrix and the gonocoxa VIII, and is adjacent to the gonopore. genital chamber jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle that is connected to the oviduct, the bursa copulatrix and the gonocoxa VIII, and is adjacent to the gonopore. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 genital chamber Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Genital chamber: cavity formed by an inflection of the body wall, receiving the common oviduct." The cuticle of the appendage of the abdominal sternite VIII that is part of the ovipositor. cuticle of gonapophysis gonapophysis jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the abdominal sternite VIII that is part of the ovipositor. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-04-05 cuticle of gonapophysis 2023-04-13 gonapophysis Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Gonapophysis (=valves or valvulae 1–3): distal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX, inserted on coxopodites, usually elongated." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The seta that is flattened. sensillum placodeum imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The seta that is flattened. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 sensillum placodeum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sensillum placodeum: flat sensillum with strongly modified plate-like seta." Modified 2023-01-11: moved under cuticular sensilla; added has part cuticular seta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The seta that is elongated. trichobothrium jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The seta that is elongated. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 trichobothrium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Trichobothrium: very long and fine sensillum, vibroreceptor." The proximal apodemes of the aedeagus. titillators paraphyses jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The proximal apodemes of the aedeagus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 titillators Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Paraphyses (=titillators): paired appendages of aedeagus." paraphyses Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Paraphyses (=titillators): paired appendages of aedeagus." The region of the cuticle thar is proximally attached to the gonopore. ductus ejaculatorius jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle thar is proximally attached to the gonopore. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 ductus ejaculatorius Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Ductus ejaculatorius: unpaired ectodermal duct connecting vasa deferentia (i.e. vesiculae seminales) and aedeagus." The orifice in the postabdomen that marks the opening of the reproductive system. gonopore jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The orifice in the postabdomen that marks the opening of the reproductive system. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 gonopore Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Gonopore: external opening of the common oviduct." 2021-03-05 The region of the cuticle of the postabdomen that is paired and connected to the anterior region of the gonocoxa VIII. cuticle of gonostylus VIII gonostylus VIII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle of the postabdomen that is paired and connected to the anterior region of the gonocoxa VIII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-05 cuticle of gonostylus VIII 2023-04-13 gonostylus VIII Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Gonostyli: appendages of gonocoxae (usually only on coxopodite IX)" Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle of the postabdomen that is distal to the genital chamber. ovipositor jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the postabdomen that is distal to the genital chamber. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 ovipositor Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Ovipositor: paired postabdominal apparatus (segments VIII and IX) primarily used for depositing eggs." The region of the cuticle that is part of the oviduct and connected to the bursa copulatrix. spermatheca jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle that is part of the oviduct and connected to the bursa copulatrix. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 spermatheca Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Spermatheca (=receptaculum seminis): unpaired or paired evagination of female genital tract; storage of sperm; connected by spermathecal duct (=ductus receptaculi) with vagina or bursa copulatrix." The region of the cuticle that is part of the oviduct and attached to the spermatheca. spermathecal gland jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle that is part of the oviduct and attached to the spermatheca. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 spermathecal gland Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Spermathecal gland: provides nourishment for spermatozoa stored in spermatheca." The sulcus that coincides with the precoxal ridge. precoxal suture precoxal sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sulcus that coincides with the precoxal ridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 precoxal suture Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Precoxal suture: suture separating katepisternum and preepisternum." The cuticular protrusion of the pleuron that is connected lateraly to the notum. fulcrum pleural wing process jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular protrusion of the pleuron that is connected lateraly to the notum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 fulcrum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Fulcrum (=pleural wing process): anterodorsal apex of the pleural ridge." pleural wing process Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Fulcrum (=pleural wing process): anterodorsal apex of the pleural ridge." The conjunctiva between the insect thorax and the insect abdomen that connects the posterior margin of the metanotum to the anterior margin of the abdominal tergite I. metanoto-abdominal tergite I conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva between the insect thorax and the insect abdomen that connects the posterior margin of the metanotum to the anterior margin of the abdominal tergite I. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The region of cuticle that is continuous with the genital chamber. insect oviduct jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle that is continuous with the genital chamber. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 insect oviduct Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Oviduct: female genital duct; originating as paired structures from ovarioles, uniting as common (median) oviduct." The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that joins the abdominal sternite VIII and the gonocoxa VIII. abdominal sternite VIII-gonocoxa VIII conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that joins the abdominal sternite VIII and the gonocoxa VIII. Modified 2023-01-09: correct sternite VII to VIII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite I by the abdominal tergite I-abdominal tergite II conjunctiva. abdominal tergite II jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite I by the abdominal tergite I-abdominal tergite II conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite I and the abdominal tergite II. abdominal tergite I-abdominal tergite II conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite I and the abdominal tergite II. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite II by the abdominal tergite II-abdominal tergite III conjunctiva. abdominal tergite III jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite II by the abdominal tergite II-abdominal tergite III conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite II and the abdominal tergite III. abdominal tergite II-abdominal tergite III conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite II and the abdominal tergite III. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite III and the abdominal tergite IV. abdominal tergite III-abdominal tergite IV conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite III and the abdominal tergite IV. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite III by the abdominal tergite III-abdominal tergite IV conjunctiva. abdominal tergite IV jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite III by the abdominal tergite III-abdominal tergite IV conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite IV by the abdominal tergite IV-abdominal tergite V conjunctiva. abdominal tergite V jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite IV by the abdominal tergite IV-abdominal tergite V conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite IV and the abdominal tergite V. abdominal tergite IV-abdominal tergite V conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite IV and the abdominal tergite V. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite V by the abdominal tergite V-abdominal tergite VI conjunctiva. abdominal tergite VI jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite V by the abdominal tergite V-abdominal tergite VI conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite V and the abdominal tergite VI. abdominal tergite V-abdominal tergite VI conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite V and the abdominal tergite VI. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VI by the abdominal tergite VI-abdominal tergite VII conjunctiva. abdominal tergite VII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VI by the abdominal tergite VI-abdominal tergite VII conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite VI and the abdominal tergite VII. abdominal tergite VI-abdominal tergite VII conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite VI and the abdominal tergite VII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VII by the abdominal tergite VII-abdominal tergite VIII conjunctiva. abdominal tergite VIII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VII by the abdominal tergite VII-abdominal tergite VIII conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite VII and the abdominal tergite VIII. abdominal tergite VII-abdominal tergite VIII conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite VII and the abdominal tergite VIII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The sclerite of the insect thorax or the insect abdomen that is on the lateral region of the notum. paranota laterotergite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect thorax or the insect abdomen that is on the lateral region of the notum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 paranota Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Paranota (=laterotergites): dorsolateral tergal duplicatures." laterotergite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Laterotergite: separate lateral portion of abdominal tergum (only few groups)." laterotergite Lawrence J, Ślipiński A (2013) 1 Australian beetles volume 1: morphology, classification and keys. CSIRO Publishing, 520 pp. https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/6466/ additional pair of sclerites flanking each tergite The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the metasternum by the metasterno-abdominal sternite I conjunctiva. abdominal sternite I jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the metasternum by the metasterno-abdominal sternite I conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the metathorax that joins the metapleura and the metasternum. metapleuro-metasternal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the metathorax that joins the metapleura and the metasternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva between the insect thorax and the insect abdomen that connects the posterior margin of the metasterum to the anterior margin of the abdominal sternite I. metasterno-abdominal sternite I conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva between the insect thorax and the insect abdomen that connects the posterior margin of the metasterum to the anterior margin of the abdominal sternite I. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite I and the abdominal sternite II. abdominal sternite I-abdominal sternite II conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite I and the abdominal sternite II. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite I by the abdominal sternite I-abdominal sternite II conjunctiva. abdominal sternite II jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal tergite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite I by the abdominal sternite I-abdominal sternite II conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite II by the abdominal sternite II-abdominal sternite III conjunctiva. abdominal sternite III jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite II by the abdominal sternite II-abdominal sternite III conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite III by the abdominal sternite III-abdominal sternite IV conjunctiva. abdominal sternite IV jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite III by the abdominal sternite III-abdominal sternite IV conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite IV by the abdominal sternite IV-abdominal sternite V conjunctiva. abdominal sternite V jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite IV by the abdominal sternite IV-abdominal sternite V conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite V by the abdominal sternite V-abdominal sternite VI conjunctiva. abdominal sternite VI jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite V by the abdominal sternite V-abdominal sternite VI conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VI by the abdominal sternite VI-abdominal sternite VII conjunctiva. abdominal sternite VII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the preabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VI by the abdominal sternite VI-abdominal sternite VII conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VII by the abdominal sternite VII-abdominal sternite VIII conjunctiva. abdominal sternite VIII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VII by the abdominal sternite VII-abdominal sternite VIII conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite II and the abdominal sternite III. abdominal sternite II-abdominal sternite III conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite II and the abdominal sternite III. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite III and the abdominal sternite IV. abdominal sternite III-abdominal sternite IV conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite III and the abdominal sternite IV. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite IV and the abdominal sternite V. abdominal sternite IV-abdominal sternite V conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite IV and the abdominal sternite V. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite V and the abdominal sternite VI. abdominal sternite V-abdominal sternite VI conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite V and the abdominal sternite VI. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite VI and the abdominal sternite VII. abdominal sternite VI-abdominal sternite VII conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite VI and the abdominal sternite VII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite VII and the abdominal sternite VIII. abdominal sternite VII-abdominal sternite VIII conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite VII and the abdominal sternite VIII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VIII by the abdominal tergite VIII-abdominal tergite IX conjunctiva. abdominal tergite IX jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VIII by the abdominal tergite VIII-abdominal tergite IX conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 Is the abdominal tergite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite IX by the abdominal tergite IX-abdominal tergite X conjunctiva. abdominal tergite X jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Is the abdominal tergite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal tergite IX by the abdominal tergite IX-abdominal tergite X conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The abdominal sternite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VIII by the abdominal sternite VIII-abdominal sternite IX conjunctiva. abdominal sternite IX jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The abdominal sternite of the postabdomen that is attached to the posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VIII by the abdominal sternite VIII-abdominal sternite IX conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the abdominal tergite X and the epiproct. abdominal tergite X-epiproct conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the abdominal tergite X and the epiproct. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite VIII and the abdominal tergite IX. abdominal tergite VIII-abdominal tergite IX conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite VIII and the abdominal tergite IX. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite IX and the abdominal tergite X. abdominal tergite IX-abdominal tergite X conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal tergite IX and the abdominal tergite X. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite VIII and the abdominal sternite IX. abdominal sternite VIII-abdominal sternite IX conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite VIII and the abdominal sternite IX. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite IX and the abdominal sternite X. abdominal sternite IX-phallobase conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect abdomen that connects the abdominal sternite IX and the abdominal sternite X. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is anteriorly connected to the head by the neck membrane, posteriorly connected to the mesothorax by the prothorax-mesothorax conjunctiva, and contains the pronotum, the propeluron, the prosternum and one pair of legs. cuticle of prothorax prothorax jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is anteriorly connected to the head by the neck membrane, posteriorly connected to the mesothorax by the prothorax-mesothorax conjunctiva, and contains the pronotum, the propeluron, the prosternum and one pair of legs. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 cuticle of prothorax 2023-04-13 prothorax Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Prothorax: 1st thoracic segment, always completely wingless in extant hexapods." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of the cuticle of the pterothorax that bears mid legs and fore wings. cuticle of mesothorax mesothorax jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle of the pterothorax that bears mid legs and fore wings. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 cuticle of mesothorax 2023-04-13 mesothorax Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Mesothorax: 2nd thoracic segment, anterior segment of pterothorax; bearing forewings (groundplan of Pterygota)." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of the cuticle of the pterothorax that bears the hind legs and the hind wings. cuticle of metathorax metathorax jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle of the pterothorax that bears the hind legs and the hind wings. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 cuticle of metathorax 2023-04-13 metathorax Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Metathorax: 3rd thoracic segment, posterior segment of pterothorax; bearing hindwings (groundplan of Pterygota)." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The dorsal region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is attached to the dorsal margin of the pleuron. tergum notum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsal region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is attached to the dorsal margin of the pleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 tergum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tergum: dorsal wall of a thoracic (or abdominal) segment." notum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Notum: larger anterior part of tergum, composed of presutum, scutum and scutellum." The region of cuticle on the lateral region of the insect thorax that is attached to the notum and the sternum and is attached to the coxae by skeletal muscle tissue and the basal coxal conjunctiva. pleuron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle on the lateral region of the insect thorax that is attached to the notum and the sternum and is attached to the coxae by skeletal muscle tissue and the basal coxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 pleuron Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pleuron: lateral wall of thoracic segments, almost always divided by pleural ridge into anterior episternum and posterior epimeron." The ventral region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is attached to the ventral margin of the pleuron. sternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ventral region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is attached to the ventral margin of the pleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 sternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sternum: ventral wall of thoracic (or abdominal) segment, usually divided into presternum, basisternum, furcasternum and spinasternum in unspecialized hexapods; largely or completely invaginated in Holometabola (cryptosterny)." The sclerite that is part of the pleuron. pleurite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is part of the pleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 pleurite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pleurite: sclerotized element of pleuron." The ridge between the epimeron and the episternum in either the mesothorax or the metathorax. pleural ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge between the epimeron and the episternum in either the mesothorax or the metathorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 pleural ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pleural ridge: internal ridge, corresponding to externally visible pleural “suture”; separates episternum and epimeron; anterodorsally forming the pleural wing process and posteroventrally the pleuro-coxal joint." The sclerite of the insect thorax that is part of the pleuron and anterior to the pleural ridge and attached to the anterior margin of the epimeron. episternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect thorax that is part of the pleuron and anterior to the pleural ridge and attached to the anterior margin of the epimeron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 episternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Episternum: part of pleuron anterior to pleural ridge." The sclerite of the insect thorax that is part of the pleuron and posterior to the pleural ridge and attached to the posterior margin of the episternum. epimeron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect thorax that is part of the pleuron and posterior to the pleural ridge and attached to the posterior margin of the episternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 epimeron Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Epimeron: part of pleuron posterior to pleural ridge." The sclerite that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the insect thorax and is attached to a coxa. trochantin jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the insect thorax and is attached to a coxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 trochantin Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Trochantin: small triangular or sickle-shaped ventral pleural sclerite; anteriorly articulating with coxa (trochantino-coxal joint)." The part of the sternum that is attached to the anterior margin of the basisternum. presternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The part of the sternum that is attached to the anterior margin of the basisternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 presternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Presternum: anteriormost part of sternum." The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the presternum and to the anterior margin of the furcasternum. basisternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the presternum and to the anterior margin of the furcasternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 basisternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Basisternum: main part of sternum, between presternum and furcasternum." The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the basisternum and to the anterior margin of the spinasternum. sternellum furcasternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the basisternum and to the anterior margin of the spinasternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 sternellum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Furcasternum (=sternellum): sternal element posterior to basisternum, area of origin of furca." furcasternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Furcasternum (=sternellum): sternal element posterior to basisternum, area of origin of furca." The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the furcasternum and to the anterior margin of the poststernite. spinasternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the furcasternum and to the anterior margin of the poststernite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 spinasternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Spinasternum: small posterior sternal element, determining the posterior segmental border; area of origin of spina." The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the spinasternum. poststernite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The part of the sternum that is attached to the posterior margin of the spinasternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 poststernite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Poststernite: posteriormost sternal element." The sclerite that is surrounded by the neck membrane. cervical sclerite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is surrounded by the neck membrane. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 cervical sclerite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Cervical sclerite: articulatory sclerite embedded in the cervical membrane." The region of the cuticle on the lateral region of the prothorax that is attached to the pronotum and the prosternum, and is attached to the procoxa by the procoxal muscle and the basal procoxal conjunctiva. propleuron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle on the lateral region of the prothorax that is attached to the pronotum and the prosternum, and is attached to the procoxa by the procoxal muscle and the basal procoxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the posterior margin of the scutellum. postnotum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the posterior margin of the scutellum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 postnotum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postnotum: smaller posterior part of tergum, forming internal intersegmental phragma; attachment area for dorsal indirect flight muscles." The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the anterior margin of the scutum. prescutum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the anterior margin of the scutum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 prescutum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Prescutum: anteriormost part of notum." The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the posterior margin of the prescutum and to the anterior margin of the scutellum. scutum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the posterior margin of the prescutum and to the anterior margin of the scutellum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 scutum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Scutum: large anterior part of notum." The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the posterior margin of the scutum. scutellum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the notum that is attached to the posterior margin of the scutum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 scutellum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Scutellum: smaller posterior part of notum." The sclerite that is on the lateral region of the notum and is adjacent to the wing. alinotum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is on the lateral region of the notum and is adjacent to the wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 alinotum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Alinotum: part of the notum connected with the wing base." The sclerite of the pterothorax that is attached to some muscle. prealare prealar sclerite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the pterothorax that is attached to some muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 prealare Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Prealare (=prealar sclerite): small attachment area of short direct flight muscles." prealar sclerite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Prealare (=prealar sclerite): small attachment area of short direct flight muscles." The region of cuticle of the dorso-lateral region of the pterothorax that is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva and articulated with the episternum. prealar bridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the dorso-lateral region of the pterothorax that is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva and articulated with the episternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 prealar bridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Prealar bridge: prescutal process, bent downwards and linked with episternum." The region of cuticle of the dorso-lateral region of the pterothorax that is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva and articulated with the epimeron. postalar bridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the dorso-lateral region of the pterothorax that is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva and articulated with the epimeron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 postalar bridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postalar bridge: lateral postnotal margin bent downwards and connected with the epimeron." The sclerite of the insect thorax that is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva and is adjacent to the wing. epipleurite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite of the insect thorax that is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva and is adjacent to the wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 epipleurite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Epipleurites: basalare and subalare." The epipleurite that is adjacent to the anepisternum, is attached to the pleuron via muscle, is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva, and is anterior to the first axillary sclerite. basalare jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The epipleurite that is adjacent to the anepisternum, is attached to the pleuron via muscle, is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva, and is anterior to the first axillary sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 basalare Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Basalare: sclerite associated with wing base, more or less distinctly separated from anepisternum; usually with internal muscle disc; attachment site of direct flight muscles." The epipleurite that is adjacent to the notum, is attached to the coxa via muscle, is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva, and is posterior to the first axillary sclerite. subalare jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The epipleurite that is adjacent to the notum, is attached to the coxa via muscle, is surrounded by the noto-pleural conjunctiva, and is posterior to the first axillary sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 subalare Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Subalare: sclerite associated with wing base, usually embedded in membrane between tergum and pleuron; attachment site of direct flight muscles." The dorsal region of the episternum that is dorsal to the anapleural sulcus. anepisternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The dorsal region of the episternum that is dorsal to the anapleural sulcus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 anepisternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anepisternum: dorsal part of episternum, ventrally delimited by anapleural suture." The region of cuticle on the antero-ventral region of the episternum that is anterior to the anapleural sulcus. preepisternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle on the antero-ventral region of the episternum that is anterior to the anapleural sulcus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 preepisternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Preepisternum: anterior part of ventral episternal region; delimited from katepisternum by precoxal suture; largest part of ventrite in Holometabola." The sulcus of the pleuron delimiting the dorsal region of the preepisternum and the ventral region of the anepisternum. anapleural cleft paracoxal suture anapleural sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sulcus of the pleuron delimiting the dorsal region of the preepisternum and the ventral region of the anepisternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 anapleural cleft Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anapleural suture (=paracoxal suture): suture horizontally delimiting dorsal and ventral parts of episternum and (partially) epimeron; sometimes anteriorly widened and membranous (=anapleural cleft)." paracoxal suture Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anapleural suture (=paracoxal suture): suture horizontally delimiting dorsal and ventral parts of episternum and (partially) epimeron; sometimes anteriorly widened and membranous (=anapleural cleft)." anapleural sulcus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anapleural suture (=paracoxal suture): suture horizontally delimiting dorsal and ventral parts of episternum and (partially) epimeron; sometimes anteriorly widened and membranous (=anapleural cleft)." The anatomical line of weakness of the cuticle that allows molting and coincides with a suture. molting line ecdysial line jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The anatomical line of weakness of the cuticle that allows molting and coincides with a suture. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 molting line Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Molting lines (frontal and coronal sutures [=epicranial lines or sutures])" The region of cuticle on the postero-ventral region of the episternum that is posterior to the anapleural sulcus. katepisternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle on the postero-ventral region of the episternum that is posterior to the anapleural sulcus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 katepisternum Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Katepisternum: posterior part of ventral episternal region; separated from preepisternum by precoxal suture." The region of the cuticle on the dorsal region of the epimeron. anepimeron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle on the dorsal region of the epimeron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 anepimeron Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anepimeron: dorsal part of epimeron (present as separate element in some groups)." The region of cuticle on the ventral region of the epimeron. katepimeron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle on the ventral region of the epimeron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 katepimeron Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Katepimeron: ventral part of epimeron (present as separate element in some groups)." The sclerite that is surrounded by the basal wing conjunctiva. pteralia axillary sclerite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is surrounded by the basal wing conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 pteralia Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pteralia: small sclerites of wing base (axillary sclerites + plates)." axillary sclerite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Axillary sclerites (=axillaria, pteralia): small sclerites of wing base (usually 3); articulating with notal wing processes." The ridge that is anterior to a coxa, demarcated by the anapleural sulcus. precoxal ridge jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ridge that is anterior to a coxa, demarcated by the anapleural sulcus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 precoxal ridge Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Precoxal ridge: mediolaterally directed ridge in front of coxa, corresponding with externally visible precoxal suture." The sclerite attached to the spinasternum. spina jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite attached to the spinasternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 spina Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Spina: smaller posterior endoskeletal element of thoracic segments, unpaired, arising on spinasternum." The bilaterally paired region of the cuticle of the postabdomen located between the epiproct and the paraproct cuticle of cercus cercus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-01 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The bilaterally paired region of the cuticle of the postabdomen located between the epiproct and the paraproct jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 cuticle of cercus 2023-04-13 cercus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Cerci: tactile appendages of segment XI, primarily multisegmented and tactile bearing setae." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The region of cuticle of the insect thorax that contains the mesothorax and the metathorax and bears the mid legs, the hind legs and the wings. pterothorax jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the insect thorax that contains the mesothorax and the metathorax and bears the mid legs, the hind legs and the wings. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-05 pterothorax Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pterothorax: 2nd and 3nd thoracic segments; bearing wings (groundplan of Pterygota), meso- and metathorax." The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the abdominal tergite X and each paraproct. abdominal tergite X-paraproct conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the abdominal tergite X and each paraproct. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The cuticle of the segment of a leg attached to the distal margin of the coxa by the coxal-trochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the femur by the trochantero-femoral conjunctiva. cuticle of trochanter trochanter jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a leg attached to the distal margin of the coxa by the coxal-trochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the femur by the trochantero-femoral conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of trochanter 2023-04-13 trochanter Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Trochanter: 2nd element of leg, usually small and triangular." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is composed of tarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first tarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the tibia by the tibio-tarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of tarsus tarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is composed of tarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first tarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the tibia by the tibio-tarsal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of tarsus 2023-04-13 tarsus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Tarsus: 5th part of leg; undivided in entognathous orders, composed of 3–5 tarsomeres in most groups of Insecta." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the leg joining the distal margin of a coxa and the proximal margin of a femur. coxal-trochanteral conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the leg joining the distal margin of a coxa and the proximal margin of a femur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-14 The cuticle of the segment of a fore leg attached to the distal margin of the procoxa by the procoxal-protrochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the profemur by the protrochantero-profemoral conjunctiva. cuticle of protrochanter protrochanter jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a fore leg attached to the distal margin of the procoxa by the procoxal-protrochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the profemur by the protrochantero-profemoral conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of protrochanter 2023-04-13 protrochanter Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a mid leg attached to the distal margin of the mesocoxa by the mesocoxal-mesotrochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the mesofemur by the mesotrochantero-mesofemoral conjunctiva. cuticle of mesotrochanter mesotrochanter jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a mid leg attached to the distal margin of the mesocoxa by the mesocoxal-mesotrochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the mesofemur by the mesotrochantero-mesofemoral conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of mesotrochanter 2023-04-13 mesotrochanter Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of a hind leg attached to the distal margin of the metacoxa by the metacoxal-metatrochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the metafemur by the metatrochantero-metafemoral conjunctiva. cuticle of metatrochanter metatrochanter jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of a hind leg attached to the distal margin of the metacoxa by the metacoxal-metatrochanteral conjunctiva and to the proximal margin of the metafemur by the metatrochantero-metafemoral conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-18 cuticle of metatrochanter 2023-04-13 metatrochanter Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva that encircles the femur by joining the distal margin of the trochanter and the proximal margin of the femur. trochantero-femoral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the femur by joining the distal margin of the trochanter and the proximal margin of the femur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-18 The conjunctiva that encircles the profemur by joining the distal margin of the protrochanter and the proximal margin of the profemur. protrochantero-profemoral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the profemur by joining the distal margin of the protrochanter and the proximal margin of the profemur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesofemur by joining the distal margin of the mesotrochanter and the proximal margin of the mesofemur. mesotrochantero-mesofemoral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesofemur by joining the distal margin of the mesotrochanter and the proximal margin of the mesofemur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the metafemur by joining the distal margin of the metatrochanter and the proximal margin of the metafemur. metatrochantero-metafemoral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the metafemur by joining the distal margin of the metatrochanter and the proximal margin of the metafemur. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the tibia by joining the distal margin of the femur and the proximal margin of the tibia. femoro-tibial conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the tibia by joining the distal margin of the femur and the proximal margin of the tibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the protibia by joining the distal margin of the profemur and the proximal margin of the protibia. profemoro-protibial conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the protibia by joining the distal margin of the profemur and the proximal margin of the protibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesotibia by joining the distal margin of the mesofemur and the proximal margin of the mesotibia. mesofemoro-mesotibial conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesotibia by joining the distal margin of the mesofemur and the proximal margin of the mesotibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the metatibia by joining the distal margin of the metafemur and the proximal margin of the metatibia. metafemoro-metatibial conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the metatibia by joining the distal margin of the metafemur and the proximal margin of the metatibia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the tarsus by joining the distal margin of the tibia and the proximal margin of the tarsus. tibio-tarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the tarsus by joining the distal margin of the tibia and the proximal margin of the tarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the protarsus by joining the distal margin of the protibia and the proximal margin of the protarsus. protibio-protarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the protarsus by joining the distal margin of the protibia and the proximal margin of the protarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesotarsus by joining the distal margin of the mesotibia and the proximal margin of the mesotarsus. mesotibio-mesotarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesotarsus by joining the distal margin of the mesotibia and the proximal margin of the mesotarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva that encircles the metatarsus by joining the distal margin of the metatibia and the proximal margin of the metatarsus. metatibio-metatarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the metatarsus by joining the distal margin of the metatibia and the proximal margin of the metatarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The region of the cuticle on the lateral region of the mesothorax that is attached to the mesonotum and the mesosternum, and is attached to the mesocoxa by the mesocoxal muscle and the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva. mesopleuron jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle on the lateral region of the mesothorax that is attached to the mesonotum and the mesosternum, and is attached to the mesocoxa by the mesocoxal muscle and the basal mesocoxal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 The conjunctiva that encircles the distitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost tarsomere and the proximal margin of the distitarsus. tarso-distitarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the distitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost tarsomere and the proximal margin of the distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 tarso-distitarsal conjunctiva Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsal to match with updated distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is composed of metatarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first metatarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the metatibia by the metatibio-metatarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of metatarsus metatarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is composed of metatarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first metatarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the metatibia by the metatibio-metatarsal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-28 cuticle of metatarsus 2023-04-13 metatarsus Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the mid leg that is composed of mesotarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first mesotarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the mesotibia by the mesotibio-mesotarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of mesotarsus mesotarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the mid leg that is composed of mesotarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first mesotarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the mesotibia by the mesotibio-mesotarsal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-28 cuticle of mesotarsus 2023-04-13 mesotarsus Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is composed of protarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first protarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the protibia by the protibio-protarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of protarsus protarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the segment of the leg that is composed of protarsomeres connected to each other by intertarsomeral conjunctiva. The first protarsomere is connected to the distal margin of the protibia by the protibio-protarsal conjunctiva. Modified 2023-04-13: removed distally adjacent elements to avoid problems with their absence during presence/absence reasoning. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-03-28 cuticle of protarsus 2023-04-13 protarsus Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva that encircles the prodistitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost protarsomere and the proximal margin of the prodistitarsus. protarso-prodistitarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the prodistitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost protarsomere and the proximal margin of the prodistitarsus. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 protarso-prodistitarsal conjunctiva Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesodistitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost mesotarsomere and the proximal margin of the mesodistitarsus. mesotarso-mesodistitarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the mesodistitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost mesotarsomere and the proximal margin of the mesodistitarsus. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 mesotarso-mesodistitarsal conjunctiva Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the metadistitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost metatarsomere and the proximal margin of the metadistitarsus. metatarso-metadistitarsal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva that encircles the metadistitarsus by joining the distal margin of the distalmost metatarsomere and the proximal margin of the metadistitarsus. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 metatarso-metadistitarsal conjunctiva Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the fore leg that is attached to the protarsus by the protarso-prodistitarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of prodistitarsus prodistitarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the fore leg that is attached to the protarsus by the protarso-prodistitarsal conjunctiva. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-03-28 cuticle of prodistitarsus Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-04-13 prodistitarsus Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the mid leg that is attached to the mesotarsus by the mesotarso-mesodistitarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of mesodistitarsus mesodistitarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the mid leg that is attached to the mesotarsus by the mesotarso-mesodistitarsal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-03-28 cuticle of mesodistitarsus Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-04-13 mesodistitarsus Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the hind leg that is attached to the distitarsus by the metatarso-metadistitarsal conjunctiva. cuticle of metadistitarsus metadistitarsus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the appendage of the hind leg that is attached to the distitarsus by the metatarso-metadistitarsal conjunctiva. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-03-28 cuticle of metadistitarsus Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-04-13 metadistitarsus Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The orifice on the postabdomen at the posterior margin of the digestive tract, connected to the epiproct and paraprocti. insect anus imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The orifice on the postabdomen at the posterior margin of the digestive tract, connected to the epiproct and paraprocti. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 The region of the cuticle of the postabdomen that is paired and connected to the anterior region of the gonocoxa IX. cuticle of gonostylus IX gonostylus IX jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of the cuticle of the postabdomen that is paired and connected to the anterior region of the gonocoxa IX. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 cuticle of gonostylus IX 2023-04-13 gonostylus IX Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the cercus. cuticle of cercomere cercomere jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticle of the mere that is part of the cercus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-08 2021-08-04 cuticle of cercomere 2023-04-13 cercomere Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the parameres and the aedeagus. paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the parameres and the aedeagus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the phallobase and the parameres. phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the postabdomen that joins the phallobase and the parameres. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-03-28 The conjunctiva of the prothorax that joins the propleura and the prosternum. propleuro-prosternal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the prothorax that joins the propleura and the prosternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the pterothorax that surrounds the wing. basal wing conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the pterothorax that surrounds the wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 The insect thoracic muscle that attaches to the notum and to the trochantin. For muscular terminology, tergum has been traditionally used instead of notum, even though "notum" is the prererred term to refer to the dorsal region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is attached to the dorsal margin of the pleuron. tergo-trochantinal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that attaches to the notum and to the trochantin. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-21 For muscular terminology, tergum has been traditionally used instead of notum, even though "notum" is the prererred term to refer to the dorsal region of the cuticle of the insect thorax that is attached to the dorsal margin of the pleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The tergo-trochantinal muscle that is attached to the pronotum and the protrochantin. pronoto-protrochantinal muscle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The tergo-trochantinal muscle that is attached to the pronotum and the protrochantin. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The tergo-trochantinal muscle that is attached to the mesonotum and the mesotrochantin. mesonoto-mesotrochantinal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The tergo-trochantinal muscle that is attached to the mesonotum and the mesotrochantin. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The tergo-trochantinal muscle that is attached to the metanotum and the metatrochantin. metanoto-metatrochantinal muscle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The tergo-trochantinal muscle that is attached to the metanotum and the metatrochantin. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between two nota (or terga). tergo-tergal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between two nota (or terga). jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the pronotum and the mesonotum. pronoto-mesonotal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the pronotum and the mesonotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the mesonotum and the metanotum. mesonoto-metanotal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the mesonotum and the metanotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the notum (or tergum) and the coxa. tergo-coxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the notum (or tergum) and the coxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the notum (or tergum) and the trochanter. tergo-trochanteral muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the notum (or tergum) and the trochanter. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that attaches to the pleuron and to a coxa. pleuro-coxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that attaches to the pleuron and to a coxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that is attached to a furca and to a coxa. furco-coxal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that is attached to a furca and to a coxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-08 The insect thoracic muscle that is attached to a furca and to a trochanter. furco-trochanteral muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that is attached to a furca and to a trochanter. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-08 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between two furcae. interfurcal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between two furcae. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the profurca and the mesofurca. profurco-mesofurcal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the profurca and the mesofurca. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the mesofurca and the metafurca. mesofurco-metafurcal muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the mesofurca and the metafurca. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The noto-pleural conjunctiva that joins the mesonotum and the mesopleuron. mesonoto-mesopleural conjuntiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The noto-pleural conjunctiva that joins the mesonotum and the mesopleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The noto-pleural conjunctiva that joins the pronotum and the propleuron. pronoto-propleural conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The noto-pleural conjunctiva that joins the pronotum and the propleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The noto-pleural conjunctiva that joins the metanotum and the metapleuron. metanoto-metapleural conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The noto-pleural conjunctiva that joins the metanotum and the metapleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the notum and the pleuron. noto-pleural conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the notum and the pleuron. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The axillary sclerite that is connected via muscle to the mesopleuron and is posterior to the first axillary sclerite. third axillary sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The axillary sclerite that is connected via muscle to the mesopleuron and is posterior to the first axillary sclerite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 The axillary sclerite that is on the ventral region of the basal wing conjunctiva. ventral second axillary sclerite imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The axillary sclerite that is on the ventral region of the basal wing conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-10 The phragma of the metanotum that attaches to muscles attached to the mesonotum. mesophragma imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The phragma of the metanotum that attaches to muscles attached to the mesonotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the mesophragma and the abdominal tergite I. mesophragmo-abdominal tergite I muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the mesophragma and the abdominal tergite I. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the metafurca and an abdominal sternite. metafurco-abdominal sternite muscle imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The insect thoracic muscle that extends between the metafurca and an abdominal sternite. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The phragma of the abdominal tergite I that attaches to muscles attached to the metanotum. metaphragma imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The phragma of the abdominal tergite I that attaches to muscles attached to the metanotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the mesonotum and the metanotum. mesonoto-metanotal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the insect thorax that joins the mesonotum and the metanotum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the mesopleuron and the mesocoxa. mesopleuro-mesocoxal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the mesopleuron and the mesocoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the mesopleura and the mesosternum. mesopleuro-mesosternal conjunctiva imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the mesopleura and the mesosternum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The sclerite on the ventral region of the metathorax that bears the metafurca and is attached to the metapleuro-metasternal conjunctiva. metasternum jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite on the ventral region of the metathorax that bears the metafurca and is attached to the metapleuro-metasternal conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the mesosternum and the mesocoxa. mesosterno-mesocoxal conjunctiva jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The conjunctiva of the mesothorax that joins the mesosternum and the mesocoxa. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-04-09 The pouch that is circular. circular pouch imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The pouch that is circular. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-07-21 circular pouch 2021-07-21 The region of cuticle that is continuous with glandular epithelial cells. ectodermal gland jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 The region of cuticle that is continuous with glandular epithelial cells. imiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-9075 2021-08-17 ectodermal gland Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "cells or groups of cells with highly specialized secretory functions, producing a great variety of substances which are discharged at the exterior or into invaginations of the body wall" The ectodermal gland that is composed of one cell unicellular ectodermal gland jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ectodermal gland that is composed of one cell jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-16 unicellular ectodermal gland Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "one-celled gland usually larger than the cells surrounding it; discharges its products directly through the covering cuticula. [...] In many glands a minute cuticular ductule extends from the exterior into the body of each cell, allowing the secretion to pass out through an extremely thin layer of cuticula." The cuticular evagination that is largely membranous. cuticular lobe jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-06-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-06-14 The cuticular evagination that is largely membranous. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-06-14 cuticular lobe Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "a rounded projection or protuberance" 2021-12-08 The ectodermal gland that is composed of multiple cells. multicellular ectodermal gland jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The ectodermal gland that is composed of multiple cells. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-16 multicellular ectodermal gland Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "many-celled glands may be a group of cells situated at the surface of the body, but most of them are invaginations of the body wall." The region of cuticle on the posterodorsal region of the head capsule that is posterior to the occipital ridge and anterior to the postoccipital ridge. occiput jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle on the posterodorsal region of the head capsule that is posterior to the occipital ridge and anterior to the postoccipital ridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-16 occiput Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "dorsal part of the posterior surface of the head between the occipital and the postoccipital sutures" The cuticular suture composed of both the coronal suture and paired frontal sutures. epicranial suture jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular suture composed of both the coronal suture and paired frontal sutures. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-10 2021-08-16 epicranial suture Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Y-shaped ecdysial sutures dividing vertex and frons, composed of coronal suture and paired frontal sutures." The region of cuticle that is behind the compound eye. temple jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle that is behind the compound eye. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-08-16 temple Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the part of the head above and behind the compound eyes" The region of cuticle of the insect wing that has wing veins, folds, and conjunctiva. insect wing region jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the insect wing that has wing veins, folds, and conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 insect wing region Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the principal areas of the wings differentiated in the wing-flexing insects (Neoptera), and often separated by distinct lines of folding, including the wing base, remigium, clavus, and jugum." The region of cuticle of the insect wing that is less flexible than the wing conjunctiva. insect wing vein jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the insect wing that is less flexible than the wing conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 insect wing vein Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "sclerotized, tubular structure supporting the membrane of the wings" The region of cuticle of the insect wing that is more flexible than the wing conjunctiva. insect wing fold jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The region of cuticle of the insect wing that is more flexible than the wing conjunctiva. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 insect wing fold Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "line along which wings fold at rest" The posterior region of the insect wing. vannus anal field of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The posterior region of the insect wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 anal field of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anal field (=vannus): posterior part of wings, usually enlarged in Polyneoptera." Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing field. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein of the anal field that is posterior to the anal fold or the postcubitus and anterior to the jugal fold or the jugal veins. anal vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein of the anal field that is posterior to the anal fold or the postcubitus and anterior to the jugal fold or the jugal veins. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 anal vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anal veins: longitudinal veins of the anal field proximally articulated with 3rd axillary sclerite; usually unbranched and arranged like a fan." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein of the costal field that is anterior to the subcosta. costal vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein of the costal field that is anterior to the subcosta. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 costal vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Costa: main longitudinal vein along anterior wing margin, articulated with humeral plate." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The anterior region of the insect wing. remigium costal field of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The anterior region of the insect wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 costal field of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Costal field (=remigium): anterior part of wing; usually largest region." Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing field. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the media and anterior to the postcubitus. cubital vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the media and anterior to the postcubitus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 cubital vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Cubitus: 5th main longitudinal vein." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing region that is posterior to the jugal fold. jugal field of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing region that is posterior to the jugal fold. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 jugal field of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Jugal field: small wing region posteriorly adjacent with anal field." Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing field. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein in the jugal field, posterior to the jugal fold or to the anal veins. jugal vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein in the jugal field, posterior to the jugal fold or to the anal veins. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 jugal vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Jugal veins: veins of the jugal field." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to some radius and anterior to some cubitus. medial vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to some radius and anterior to some cubitus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 medial vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Media: 4th main longitudinal vein." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing fold that separates the anal field and the jugal field. plica jugalis jugal fold of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing fold that separates the anal field and the jugal field. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 plica jugalis Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Plica jugalis: separates the anal and jugal fields." jugal fold of the insect wing Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing fold. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing fold that is posterior to the postcubitus and separates the costal field and the anal field. claval furrow plica vannalis anal fold of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing fold that is posterior to the postcubitus and separates the costal field and the anal field. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 claval furrow Chapman RF (2012) The Insects: Structure and Function. Fifth Edition. Cambridge University Press. 959 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139035460 "longitudinal flexion line which runs close to the CuP. This furrow allows the posterior part of the wing to flap up and down with respect to the rest of the wing." plica vannalis Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Plica vannalis: separates the costal and anal fields." anal fold of the insect wing Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing fold. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the cubitus and anterior to the anal fold or the anal vein. postcubital vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the cubitus and anterior to the anal fold or the anal vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 postcubital vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Postcubitus: posteriormost longitudinal vein of the remigium." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the subcosta and anterior to the media. radial vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the subcosta and anterior to the media. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 radial vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Radius: 3rd main longitudinal vein." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the costa and anterior to the radius. subcostal vein of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing vein that is posterior to the costa and anterior to the radius. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 subcostal vein of the insect wing Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Subcosta: 2nd main longitudinal vein, following costal vein." Modified 2023-01-09: specifying insect wing vein. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The proximal region of the insect wing. axillary region of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The proximal region of the insect wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 axillary region of the insect wing Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "The region of the wing base containing the axillary sclerites" Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing region. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing fold that is distal to the axillary region. plica basalis basal fold of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The insect wing fold that is distal to the axillary region. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-09-07 plica basalis Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "Plica basalis (bf).The basal fold of the wing, or line of flection between the base of the mediocubital fold and the axillary region, forming a prominent convex fold in the flexed wing extending between the median plates from the articulation of radius with the second axillary to the articulation of the vannal veins with the third axillary." basal fold of the insect wing Modified 2023-01-21: specifying insect wing fold. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is part of the distitarsus. pretarsal claw ungues distitarsal claw jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sclerite that is part of the distitarsus. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 ungues Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Ungues: pretarsal claws; unpaired in Collembola and Protura, usually paired in Diplura and Insecta." distitarsal claw Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Ungues: pretarsal claws; unpaired in Collembola and Protura, usually paired in Diplura and Insecta." Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsal. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular protrusion that is part of the distitarsus, ventral to the distitarsal claws and medial to the pulvilli (if present). cuticle of empodium empodium jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular protrusion that is part of the distitarsus, ventral to the distitarsal claws and medial to the pulvilli (if present). Modified 2023-01-11: added medial to pulvilli. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 cuticle of empodium 2023-04-13 empodium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Empodium: a median process between the claws and pulvilli (if present). It arises from the distal end of the unguitractor plate, is spine-shaped or lobe-like and is sometimes similar in form to the pulvilli (“empodial pulvillus”)." p. 43. Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "a spine- or lobelike process of the unguitractor" Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 The sulcus that coincides with the frontoclypeal ridge and separated the frons from the clypeus. epistomal sulcus epistomal suture frontoclypeal suture frontoclypeal sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The sulcus that coincides with the frontoclypeal ridge and separated the frons from the clypeus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 epistomal sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 epistomal suture Lawrence J, Ślipiński A (2013) Adult morphology. In: Australian beetles volume 1: morphology, classification and keys. CSIRO Publishing, 30–63. https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/6466/ [adjusted] the 'suture' separating the clypeus from the frons, representing the internal invagination of the epistomal ridge. frontoclypeal suture Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the suture between the frons and the clypeus" The conjunctiva that is part of the head capsule and is continuous with the epipharynx and the hypopharynx. cibarium jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-15 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-15 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-15 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-15 The conjunctiva that is part of the head capsule and is continuous with the epipharynx and the hypopharynx. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-12-15 cibarium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Anterior part of preoral space between epipharynx and hypopharynx." 2021-12-15 The region of cuticle that is posterior to the cuticle of the labrum. epistoma jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 The region of cuticle that is posterior to the cuticle of the labrum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 epistoma Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the oral margin or sclerite directly behind the labrum" 2022-02-21 The cuticular sulcus that is adjacent to the subgena and coincides with the subgenal ridge. subgenal suture subgenal sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 The cuticular sulcus that is adjacent to the subgena and coincides with the subgenal ridge. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-02-21 subgenal sulcus Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the lateral submarginal groove of the cranium just above the bases of the gnathal appendages, extending between the anterior tentorial pit and the posterior tentorial pit" 2022-02-21 The cuticle of a mere that is part of the cuticle of the antenna. Given the high number of antennomeres occurring in some taxa, Arabic numerals are used instead of Roman numerals for practicality reasons. cuticle of antennomere antennomere jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 The cuticle of a mere that is part of the cuticle of the antenna. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 Given the high number of antennomeres occurring in some taxa, Arabic numerals are used instead of Roman numerals for practicality reasons. gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 cuticle of antennomere 2023-04-13 antennomere Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 2022-06-20 The cuticular sulcus that coincides with the postoccipital ridge and is posterior to the occiput and anterior to the postocciput. postoccipital suture postoccipital sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 The cuticular sulcus that coincides with the postoccipital ridge and is posterior to the occiput and anterior to the postocciput. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 postoccipital suture Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "posterior submarginal groove having the posterior tentorial pits in its lower end, separatig the postocciput from the rest of the cranium" postoccipital sulcus Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf [as postoccipital suture] "posterior submarginal groove having the posterior tentorial pits in its lower end, separatig the postocciput from the rest of the cranium" 2022-06-17 The cuticular sulcus that coincides with the gular ridge, separating the gula fron the gena gular suture gular sulcus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 2022-06-17 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 The cuticular sulcus that coincides with the gular ridge, separating the gula fron the gena jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-17 gular suture Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the line or division between the gula and the genae" gular sulcus Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf [as gular suture] "the line or division between the gula and the genae" The region of the cuticle that is distal and medial on the cuticle of the insect mandible. mandibular incisor lobe jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 The region of the cuticle that is distal and medial on the cuticle of the insect mandible. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 mandibular incisor lobe Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "toothed distal lobe of mandible" 2022-06-20 The region of the cuticle that is proximal and medial on the cuticle of the insect mandible. mola mandibular molar lobe jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 The region of the cuticle that is proximal and medial on the cuticle of the insect mandible. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 mola Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf mola = molar lobe = "the ridged or roughened grinding surface of the mandible" mandibular molar lobe Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "the ridged or roughened grinding surface of the mandible" 2022-06-20 The cuticular lobe of the cuticle of the insect mandible between the mandibular molar lobe and the mandibular incisor lobe. lacinia mobilis prostheca jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 The cuticular lobe of the cuticle of the insect mandible between the mandibular molar lobe and the mandibular incisor lobe. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-20 lacinia mobilis Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "An articulated mesal appendage, the lacinia mobilis or prostheca, occurs in several groups. It can be sclerotized or largely membranous and is often equipped with microtrichia." prostheca Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "mandibular region set with hair" 2022-06-20 The region of cuticle on the lateral region of the cuticle of stipes, adjacent to the distal margin of the cuticle of the cardo, to the proximal margin of the cuticle of the palpifer, and adjacent to the proximal margin of the mediostipes. basistipes jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 The region of cuticle on the lateral region of the cuticle of stipes, adjacent to the distal margin of the cuticle of the cardo, to the proximal margin of the cuticle of the palpifer, and adjacent to the proximal margin of the mediostipes. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 basistipes Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Basistipes: basolateral part of stipes." 2022-06-23 The region of cuticle on the medial region of the cuticle of stipes, adjacent to the distal margin of the cuticle of the basistipes, and to the proximal margin of the cuticle of the galea and the lacinia. mediostipes jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 The region of cuticle on the medial region of the cuticle of stipes, adjacent to the distal margin of the cuticle of the basistipes, and to the proximal margin of the cuticle of the galea and the lacinia. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 mediostipes Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Mediostipes: mesal part of stipes." The ectodermal gland continuous with the proximal region of the cuticle of the cardo. maxillary gland jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 The ectodermal gland continuous with the proximal region of the cuticle of the cardo. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-23 maxillary gland Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "Glands present in some insects opening mesally at the bases of the maxillae" The sclerite that is continuous with the hypopharynx. hypopharyngeal sclerite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The sclerite that is continuous with the hypopharynx. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The arthropod foramen that is part of the cuticle of the insect thorax. thoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The arthropod foramen that is part of the cuticle of the insect thorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 thoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the anterior margin of the cuticle of the prothorax. anterior prothoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the anterior margin of the cuticle of the prothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 anterior prothoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the posterior margin of the cuticle of the prothorax. posterior prothoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the posterior margin of the cuticle of the prothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 posterior prothoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the anterior margin of the cuticle of the mesothorax. anterior mesothoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the anterior margin of the cuticle of the mesothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 anterior mesothoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the posterior margin of the cuticle of the mesothorax. posterior mesothoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the posterior margin of the cuticle of the mesothorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 posterior mesothoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the posterior margin of the cuticle of the metathorax. posterior metathoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the posterior margin of the cuticle of the metathorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 posterior metathoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the anterior margin of the cuticle of the metathorax. anterior metathoracic foramen jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 The thoracic foramen that is at the anterior margin of the cuticle of the metathorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2022-06-27 anterior metathoracic foramen 2022-06-27 The insect region of integument that is continuous with conjunctiva and attached to somatic muscle. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/fbcvq.html?query=FBbt:00000003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000929 insect body segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect region of integument that is continuous with conjunctiva and attached to somatic muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/fbcvq.html?query=FBbt:00000003 One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. segment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000929 An anatomical structure that is metameric and is connected to other metameric subdivisions by muscles and is delimited by its sclerites. segment insect body segment Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "segment, subdivision of the body between areas of flexibility associated with muscle attachments" jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect region of integument that has a ring sclerirte, continuous with ring conjunctiva, and attached to somatic muscle. insect appendage segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect region of integument that has a ring sclerirte, continuous with ring conjunctiva, and attached to somatic muscle. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 insect appendage segment Nichols, S. W. (1989) Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology. New York Entomological Society. 840 pp. https://ipmhouse.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/The-Torre-Bueno-Glossary-of-Entomology.pdf "segment, subdivision of an appendage between areas of flexibility associated with muscle attachments" jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect head. https://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000006 insect cephalic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect head. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 https://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000006 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). head segment insect cephalic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect thorax. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000016 insect thoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect thorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000016 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some thorax (FBbt:00000015). thoracic segment insect thoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect abdomen. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000021 insect abdominal segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect abdomen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000021 Metameric subdivision of the abdomen. abdominal segment insect abdominal segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect abdomen and is posterior to the insect metathoracic segment. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000022 insect abdominal segment I jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that is part of the insect abdomen and is posterior to the insect metathoracic segment. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000022 Most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 1 insect abdominal segment I jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment I and composed of abdominal tergite II and abdominal sternite II. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000023 insect abdominal segment II jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment I and composed of abdominal tergite II and abdominal sternite II. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000023 Second most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 2 insect abdominal segment II jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment II and composed of abdominal tergite III and abdominal sternite III. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000024 insect abdominal segment III jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment II and composed of abdominal tergite III and abdominal sternite III. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000024 Third most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 3 insect abdominal segment III jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment III and composed of abdominal tergite IV and abdominal sternite IV. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000025 insect abdominal segment IV jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment III and composed of abdominal tergite IV and abdominal sternite IV. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000025 Fourth most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 4 insect abdominal segment IV jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment IV and composed of abdominal tergite V and abdominal sternite V. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000026 insect abdominal segment V jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment IV and composed of abdominal tergite V and abdominal sternite V. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000026 Fifth most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 5 insect abdominal segment V jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment V and composed of abdominal tergite VI and abdominal sternite VI. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000027 insect abdominal segment VI jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment V and composed of abdominal tergite VI and abdominal sternite VI. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000027 Sixth most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 6 insect abdominal segment VI jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment VI and composed of abdominal tergite VII and abdominal sternite VII. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000028 insect abdominal segment VII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment VI and composed of abdominal tergite VII and abdominal sternite VII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000028 Seventh most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 7 insect abdominal segment VII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment VII and composed of abdominal tergite VIII and abdominal sternite VIII. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000029 insect abdominal segment VIII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment VII and composed of abdominal tergite VIII and abdominal sternite VIII. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000029 Eigth most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 8 insect abdominal segment VIII jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment VIII and composed of abdominal tergite IX and abdominal sternite IX. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000030 insect abdominal segment IX jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment VIII and composed of abdominal tergite IX and abdominal sternite IX. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000030 Ninth most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 9 insect abdominal segment IX jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment IX and composed of abdominal tergite X and abdominal sternite X. http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000031 insect abdominal segment X jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect abdominal segment that is posterior to the insect abdominal segment IX and composed of abdominal tergite X and abdominal sternite X. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 http://flybase.org/cgi-bin/cvreport.pl?cvterm=FBbt:00000031 Tenth most anterior segment of the abdomen. abdominal segment 10 insect abdominal segment X jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that corresponds to the prothorax and is posterior to the insect cephalic segment. insect prothoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that corresponds to the prothorax and is posterior to the insect cephalic segment. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 insect prothoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that corresponds to the mesothorax and is posterior to the insect prothoracic segment. insect mesothoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that corresponds to the mesothorax and is posterior to the insect prothoracic segment. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 insect mesothoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that corresponds to the metathorax and is posterior to the insect mesothoracic segment. insect metathoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The insect body segment that corresponds to the metathorax and is posterior to the insect mesothoracic segment. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 insect metathoracic segment jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The bilaterally paired insect sclerite of the postabdomen, attached to either the abdominal tergite VIII or IX. cuticle of gonocoxite coxopodite gonocoxite jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The bilaterally paired insect sclerite of the postabdomen, attached to either the abdominal tergite VIII or IX. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 cuticle of gonocoxite 2023-04-13 coxopodite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 gonocoxite Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Coxopodite (=valvifer, gonocoxa, gonocoxite): short basal piece of ovipositor elements of female genital segments VIII and IX." Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The mouth that is surrounded by insect mandibles, labium, and labrum and is anterior to the hypopharynx. preoral cavity insect mouth jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The mouth that is surrounded by insect mandibles, labium, and labrum and is anterior to the hypopharynx. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-30 2024-01-25 preoral cavity Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "The preoral cavity is the space enclosed between the labrum and labium and the paired mandibles and maxillae" jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 insect mouth Snodgrass RE (1993) Principles of Insect Morphology. Cornell University Press, 768 pp. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhm1j "Mouth. The external opening of the stomodaeum, situated in the ventral wall of the head between the labrum and the hypopharynx." jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-09 The orifice that is continuous with an ectodermal gland. insect gland opening jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The orifice that is continuous with an ectodermal gland. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-30 2024-01-25 The region of cuticle that is attached to arthropod sensillum. cuticular sensilla jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The region of cuticle that is attached to arthropod sensillum. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-10-11 cuticular sensilla Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Sensilla are the basal functional and structural units of cuticular mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. They include the cuticular component (e.g., the cuticle of a seta), the sensory neuron (or neurons), the associated sheath cells with the cavities they enclose and the structures they produce" p. 5. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The cuticular sensilla that is dilated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001098 sensilla ampullacea jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The cuticular sensilla that is dilated. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-03-30 2024-01-25 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0001098 Mushroom-shaped sensory structure on the flagellum, particularly the clava; sometimes called the sensilla ampullacea. basiconic capitate peg sensillum sensilla ampullacea Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Modified type of cuticular sensilla sunk below the external cuticular surface" jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The region of the cuticle that bears an anatomical collection composed of cuticular carinae. stridulatory file jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The region of the cuticle that bears an anatomical collection composed of cuticular carinae. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 stridulatory file jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The cuticular seta that is adjacent to the cuticle of the pretarsus. pretarsal seta jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The cuticular seta that is adjacent to the cuticle of the pretarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 pretarsal seta jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The cuticular protrusion that is part of the pretarsus, ventral to the tarsal claws. cuticle of pulvillus pulvillus jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The cuticular protrusion that is part of the pretarsus, ventral to the tarsal claws. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2021-11-19 cuticle of pulvillus 2023-04-13 pulvillus Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Pulvilli: smooth or hairy paired lateral membranous lobes below the claws". p. 44. Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The medial cuticular protrusion of the distitarsus. cuticle of arolium arolium jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 The medial cuticular protrusion of the distitarsus. Modified 2026-02-14: Updated to distitarsus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 cuticle of arolium 2023-04-13 arolium Beutel RG, Friedrich F, Yang X-K, Ge S-Q (2014) Insect Morphology and Phylogeny Insect morphology and phylogeny: a textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110264043 "Arolium: the median hollow lobe of the pretarsus. It can be completely membranous or partly sclerotized." p. 42. "unpaired, between the claws" p. 40. Modified 2023-04-13: removed ‘cuticle of’ from label. starasov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2330 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-11 The region of the insect wing that is posterior to the costal field of the insect wing. radial field of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 The region of the insect wing that is posterior to the costal field of the insect wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 The region of the insect wing that is posterior to the medial field of the insect wing. cubital field of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 The region of the insect wing that is posterior to the medial field of the insect wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 The region of the insect wing that is posterior to the radial field of the insect wing. medial field of the insect wing jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 The region of the insect wing that is posterior to the radial field of the insect wing. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-01-21 The bilaterally paired cuticular protrusion that contains insect tracheae. tracheal gill jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 The bilaterally paired cuticular protrusion that contains insect tracheae. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 tracheal gill http://insecta.bio.spbu.ru/z/antidictionary/tergalii&gills.htm "Paraspiracular tracheal gill. Paired abdominal appendage, whose trachea arises either directly from the spiracular trachea of the same abdominal segment, or from the nearest point of tracheae branching" jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 The insect spiracle that is part of the insect thorax. insect thoracic spiracle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 The insect spiracle that is part of the insect thorax. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 insect thoracic spiracle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 The insect spiracle that is part of the insect abdomen. insect abdominal insect spiracle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 The insect spiracle that is part of the insect abdomen. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 insect abdominal insect spiracle jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2023-02-05 The external male genitalia with insect cuticle and composed of phallobase, phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva, paramere (or parameres), paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva, aedeagus, and endophallus. insect external male genitalia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 The external male genitalia with insect cuticle and composed of phallobase, phallobasal-parameral conjunctiva, paramere (or parameres), paramero-aedeagal conjunctiva, aedeagus, and endophallus. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 insect external male genitalia jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-01-12 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming bent or curving downward or backward. deflexed jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming bent or curving downward or backward. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 Oxford Languages through Google. deflexed jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-02-14 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-8, and does not have flagellomere 9. antenna with 10 antennomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-8, and does not have flagellomere 9. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 antenna with 10 antennomeres jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-9. antenna with 11 antennomeres gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 gmontanaro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-1364 2023-05-05 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 The antenna that has scapus, pedicellus, and flagellomeres 1-9. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 antenna with 11 antennomeres jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 The cuticular seta that is adjacent to the cuticle of the empodium. empodial seta jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 The cuticular seta that is adjacent to the cuticle of the empodium. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 empodial seta jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2024-06-20 The insect cranio-mandibular articulation between the dorsal region of the insect mandible and the dorso-lateral region of the head capsule. dorsal cranio-mandibular articulation jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-14 The insect cranio-mandibular articulation between the dorsal region of the insect mandible and the dorso-lateral region of the head capsule. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-12 The insect cranio-mandibular articulation between the ventral region of the insect mandible and the latero-ventral region of the head capsule. ventral cranio-mandibular articulation jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-14 jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-14 The insect cranio-mandibular articulation between the ventral region of the insect mandible and the latero-ventral region of the head capsule. jgiron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883 2026-02-12 entity An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. processual entity (BFO) occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) anatomical entity (BFO) independent continuant spatial region two-dimensional spatial region An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) specifically dependent continuant A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role generically dependent continuant function An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity immaterial entity The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane. left spatial BSPO:0000000 left side The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm upper spatial BSPO:0000001 upper side lower spatial BSPO:0000002 lower side A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant. FMA:24137 surface spatial BSPO:0000005 anatomical surface A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant. BSPO:cjm Fiat anatomical region extending a short distance from the boundary of an object inwards. edge margin spatial BSPO:0000006 anatomical margin Fiat anatomical region extending a short distance from the boundary of an object inwards. BSPO:cjm The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane. right spatial BSPO:0000007 right side The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm BSPO:wd A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Anatomical_Directions_and_Axes.JPG spatial BSPO:0000010 anatomical axis A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. BSPO:cjm An anatomical axis determined by gravity. spatial BSPO:0000011 upper-lower axis An anatomical axis determined by gravity. BSPO:cjm An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. A-P axis AP axis anteroposterior axis spatial BSPO:0000013 anterior-posterior axis An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). proximal/distal proximodistal spatial BSPO:0000015 proximal-distal axis An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). BSPO:curators http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. D-V axis DV axis dorsoventral axis spatial BSPO:0000016 dorsal-ventral axis An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. BSPO:curators An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. L-R axis LR axis R-L axis RL axis dextro-sinister axis left to right axis right to left axis right-left axis spatial BSPO:0000017 left-right axis An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm Anatomical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts. FMA:12247 axial plane axial section transverse section spatial BSPO:0000018 transverse plane Anatomical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts. BSPO:mah Anatomical plane that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral parts. FMA:52810 frontal plane horizontal anatomical plane horizontal section spatial BSPO:0000019 horizontal plane Anatomical plane that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral parts. BSPO:mah horizontal anatomical plane FMA:52810 Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part. 2009-06-15T01:01:38Z anterodorsal region spatial BSPO:0000026 antero-dorsal region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. 2009-06-15T01:04:59Z anteroventral region spatial BSPO:0000027 antero-ventral region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and lateral regions of the body or body part. 2009-06-15T01:06:01Z posterolateral region spatial BSPO:0000028 postero-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and lateral regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and lateral regions of a body or body part. 2009-06-15T01:07:18Z anterolateral region spatial BSPO:0000029 antero-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part. 2009-06-15T01:08:13Z posterodorsal region spatial BSPO:0000030 postero-dorsal region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd spatial BSPO:0000031 upper region spatial BSPO:0000032 lower region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. 2009-06-15T01:08:38Z posteroventral region spatial BSPO:0000035 postero-ventral region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-medial region of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:49:57Z anteromedial margin spatial BSPO:0000042 antero-medial margin Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-medial region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-lateral region of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:50:37Z anterolateral margin spatial BSPO:0000045 antero-lateral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-lateral region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-medial region of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:51:07Z posteromedial margin spatial BSPO:0000046 postero-medial margin Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-medial region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-lateral region of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:51:42Z posterolateral margin spatial BSPO:0000047 postero-lateral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-lateral region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the dorso-medial region of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:52:04Z dorso-medial margin spatial BSPO:0000048 dorso-medial margin Anatomical margin that is located on the dorso-medial region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the ventro-medial region of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:52:48Z ventromedial margin spatial BSPO:0000049 ventro-medial margin Anatomical margin that is located on the ventro-medial region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and medial regions of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:55:32Z anteromedial region spatial BSPO:0000050 antero-medial region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and medial regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. FBql:00005841 spatial BSPO:0000054 anatomical side An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. BSPO:cjm An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000053 FBql:00005848 anterior rostral spatial BSPO:0000055 anterior side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:RW An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000065 FBql:00005849 posterior spatial BSPO:0000056 posterior side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:RW BSPO:wd FBcv:0000066 FBql:00005852 proximal spatial BSPO:0000061 proximal side Anatomical side that is distally located on an organism or structure. FBcv:0000058 FBql:00005853 distal spatial BSPO:0000062 distal side Anatomical side that is distally located on an organism or structure. BSPO:wd An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000059 FBql:00005842 dorsal spatial BSPO:0000063 dorsal side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and medial regions of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:56:39Z posteromedial region spatial BSPO:0000064 postero-medial region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and medial regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd FBcv:0000063 FBql:00005844 lateral spatial BSPO:0000066 lateral side FBcv:0000064 FBql:00005847 medial spatial BSPO:0000067 medial side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. FBcv:0000070 FBql:00005843 ventral spatial BSPO:0000068 ventral side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. BSPO:RW BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and medial regions of the body or body part. 2009-09-10T08:57:22Z dorsomedial region spatial BSPO:0000069 dorso-medial region Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and medial regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm. FBql:00005841 spatial BSPO:0000070 anatomical region A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm. BSPO:cjm Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. FBql:00005848 spatial BSPO:0000071 anterior region Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. FBql:00005849 spatial BSPO:0000072 posterior region Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region proximally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005852 spatial BSPO:0000077 proximal region Anatomical region proximally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region distally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005853 spatial BSPO:0000078 distal region Anatomical region distally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005842 spatial BSPO:0000079 dorsal region Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part. FBql:00005845 dorsolateral region spatial BSPO:0000080 dorso-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region laterally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005844 spatial BSPO:0000082 lateral region Anatomical region laterally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part. FBql:00005847 spatial BSPO:0000083 medial region Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005843 spatial BSPO:0000084 ventral region Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. FBql:00005846 ventrolateral region spatial BSPO:0000085 ventro-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd The region corresponding to the ventral region of the entity, towards the midline. 2009-09-10T08:57:54Z medioventral region ventromedial region spatial BSPO:0000112 ventro-medial region The region corresponding to the ventral region of the entity, towards the midline. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the anterior side of the body or body part. FBql:00005848 spatial BSPO:0000371 anterior surface Anatomical surface that is located on the anterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. FBql:00005849 spatial BSPO:0000372 posterior surface Anatomical surface that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the proximal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005852 spatial BSPO:0000377 internal side proximal surface Anatomical surface that is located on the proximal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the distal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005853 spatial BSPO:0000378 distal surface external side Anatomical surface that is located on the distal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the dorsal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005842 spatial BSPO:0000379 dorsal surface Anatomical surface that located on the dorsal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the lateral side of the body or body part. FBql:00005844 spatial BSPO:0000382 lateral surface Anatomical surface that located on the lateral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the medial side of the body or body part. FBql:00005847 spatial BSPO:0000383 medial surface Anatomical surface that located on the medial side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. FBql:00005843 spatial BSPO:0000384 ventral surface Anatomical surface that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions. FMA:242982 anatomical cross-section anatomical section plane section spatial BSPO:0000400 anatomical plane A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions. BSPO:cjm Anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size. FMA:11361 left/right plane median plane sagittal section spatial BSPO:0000417 sagittal plane Anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size. BSPO:DOS BSPO:cjm BSPO:mah Anatomical margin that is located on the anterior side of a body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000671 anterior margin Anatomical margin that is located on the anterior side of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000672 posterior margin Anatomical margin that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the proximal region of the body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000677 proximal margin Anatomical margin that is located on the proximal region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the distal side of the body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000678 distal margin Anatomical margin that is located on the distal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the dorsal side of body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000679 dorsal margin Anatomical margin that is located on the dorsal side of body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the dorso-lateral region of the body or body part. dorsolateral margin spatial BSPO:0000680 dorso-lateral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the dorso-lateral region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the lateral side of the body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000682 lateral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the lateral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the medial side of the body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000683 medial margin Anatomical margin that is located on the medial side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. spatial BSPO:0000684 ventral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the body or body part. ventrolateral margin spatial BSPO:0000685 ventro-lateral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the ventro-lateral region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-dorso region of the body or body part. anterodorsal margin spatial BSPO:0000686 antero-dorsal margin Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-dorso region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-dorsal region of the body or body part. posterodorsal margin spatial BSPO:0000687 postero-dorsal margin Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-dorsal region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-ventral region of the body or body part. anteroventral margin spatial BSPO:0000688 antero-ventral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the antero-ventral region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-ventral region of the body or body part. posteroventral margin spatial BSPO:0000689 postero-ventral margin Anatomical margin that is located on the postero-ventral region of the body or body part. BSPO:wd A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. spatial CARO:0000000 anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. CAROC:Brownsville2014 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:MAH Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. spatial CARO:0000003 anatomical structure connected anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CC:DOS An anatomical entity that has mass. spatial CARO:0000006 material anatomical entity An anatomical entity that has mass. CC:DOS An anatomical entity that has no mass. Anatomical entity that has no mass. spatial CARO:0000007 immaterial anatomical entity An anatomical entity that has no mass. CC:DOS A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. spatial CARO:0000008 anatomical line A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. CC:DOS A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. spatial CARO:0000010 anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. CC:DOS Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI KEGG_COMPOUND A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. chebi_ontology CHEBI:131927 dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. chebi_ontology CHEBI:132153 hyaluronate Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. chebi_ontology CHEBI:136889 5beta steroid A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Wikipedia:Mineral_acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:138103 inorganic acid Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration. chebi_ontology CHEBI:138366 bile acids Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate UniProt An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. chebi_ontology CHEBI:142163 24G7 epitope A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. Beilstein:1764436 CAS:51-84-3 DrugBank:DB03128 Drug_Central:65 Gmelin:326108 KEGG:C01996 LINCS:LSM-5888 PDBeChem:ACH PMID:14764638 PMID:15014918 PMID:15231705 PMID:15361288 PMID:18050502 PMID:18407448 PMID:19255787 PMID:20963497 PMID:21130809 PMID:21246223 PMID:21545631 PMID:21601579 Wikipedia:Acetylcholine ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine acetylcholine chebi_ontology CHEBI:15355 acetylcholine Beilstein:1764436 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:65 DrugCentral Gmelin:326108 Gmelin PMID:14764638 Europe PMC PMID:15014918 Europe PMC PMID:15231705 Europe PMC PMID:15361288 Europe PMC PMID:18050502 Europe PMC PMID:18407448 Europe PMC PMID:19255787 Europe PMC PMID:20963497 Europe PMC PMID:21130809 Europe PMC PMID:21246223 Europe PMC PMID:21545631 Europe PMC PMID:21601579 Europe PMC ACETYLCHOLINE PDBeChem Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND acetylcholine UniProt A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. Beilstein:506007 CAS:64-19-7 Drug_Central:4211 Gmelin:1380 HMDB:HMDB0000042 KEGG:C00033 KEGG:D00010 KNApSAcK:C00001176 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PDBeChem:ACY PMID:12005138 PMID:15107950 PMID:16630552 PMID:16774200 PMID:17190852 PMID:19416101 PMID:19469536 PMID:22153255 PMID:22173419 PPDB:1333 Reaxys:506007 Wikipedia:Acetic_acid ACETIC ACID Acetic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:15366 acetic acid Beilstein:506007 Beilstein CAS:64-19-7 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4211 DrugCentral Gmelin:1380 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 LIPID MAPS PMID:12005138 Europe PMC PMID:15107950 Europe PMC PMID:16630552 Europe PMC PMID:16774200 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:19416101 Europe PMC PMID:19469536 Europe PMC PMID:22153255 Europe PMC PMID:22173419 Europe PMC Reaxys:506007 Reaxys ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CAS:7782-44-7 Gmelin:485 HMDB:HMDB0001377 KEGG:C00007 KEGG:D00003 MetaCyc:OXYGEN-MOLECULE MolBase:750 PDBeChem:OXY PMID:10906528 PMID:16977326 PMID:18210929 PMID:18638417 PMID:19840863 PMID:7710549 PMID:9463773 Wikipedia:Oxygen chebi_ontology CHEBI:15379 dioxygen CAS:7782-44-7 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:485 Gmelin PMID:10906528 Europe PMC PMID:16977326 Europe PMC PMID:18210929 Europe PMC PMID:18638417 Europe PMC PMID:19840863 Europe PMC PMID:7710549 Europe PMC PMID:9463773 Europe PMC Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. KEGG:C01370 Wikipedia:Aldose Aldose chebi_ontology CHEBI:15693 aldose Aldose KEGG_COMPOUND A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide chebi_ontology CHEBI:15841 polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. KEGG:C00419 Polynucleotide chebi_ontology CHEBI:15986 polynucleotide Polynucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Beilstein:3587154 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia chebi_ontology CHEBI:16134 ammonia Beilstein:3587154 Beilstein CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. Beilstein:3648446 CAS:14808-79-8 Gmelin:2120 HMDB:HMDB0001448 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 MetaCyc:SULFATE PDBeChem:SO4 PMID:11200094 PMID:11452993 PMID:11581495 PMID:11798107 PMID:12166931 PMID:12668033 PMID:14597181 PMID:15093386 PMID:15984785 PMID:16186560 PMID:16345535 PMID:16347366 PMID:16348007 PMID:16483812 PMID:16534979 PMID:16656509 PMID:16742508 PMID:16742518 PMID:17120760 PMID:17420092 PMID:17439666 PMID:17709180 PMID:18398178 PMID:18815700 PMID:18846414 PMID:19047345 PMID:19244483 PMID:19544990 PMID:19628332 PMID:19812358 PMID:30398859 Reaxys:3648446 Wikipedia:Sulfate Sulfate sulfate chebi_ontology CHEBI:16189 sulfate Beilstein:3648446 Beilstein CAS:14808-79-8 ChemIDplus NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2120 Gmelin PMID:11200094 Europe PMC PMID:11452993 Europe PMC PMID:11581495 Europe PMC PMID:11798107 Europe PMC PMID:12166931 Europe PMC PMID:12668033 Europe PMC PMID:14597181 Europe PMC PMID:15093386 Europe PMC PMID:15984785 Europe PMC PMID:16186560 Europe PMC PMID:16345535 Europe PMC PMID:16347366 Europe PMC PMID:16348007 Europe PMC PMID:16483812 Europe PMC PMID:16534979 Europe PMC PMID:16656509 Europe PMC PMID:16742508 Europe PMC PMID:16742518 Europe PMC PMID:17120760 Europe PMC PMID:17420092 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17709180 Europe PMC PMID:18398178 Europe PMC PMID:18815700 Europe PMC PMID:18846414 Europe PMC PMID:19047345 Europe PMC PMID:19244483 Europe PMC PMID:19544990 Europe PMC PMID:19628332 Europe PMC PMID:19812358 Europe PMC PMID:30398859 Europe PMC Reaxys:3648446 Reaxys Sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND sulfate UniProt A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. Beilstein:8538277 CAS:9004-61-9 HMDB:HMDB0010366 KEGG:C00518 KEGG:D08043 KEGG:G10505 PMID:11122186 PMID:18056362 PMID:18290544 Reaxys:8187837 Wikipedia:Hyaluronan Hyaluronic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:16336 hyaluronic acid Beilstein:8538277 Beilstein CAS:9004-61-9 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND PMID:11122186 Europe PMC PMID:18056362 Europe PMC PMID:18290544 Europe PMC Reaxys:8187837 Reaxys Hyaluronic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. KEGG:C00017 chebi_ontology CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. Wikipedia:Carbohydrate chebi_ontology CHEBI:16646 carbohydrate Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. KEGG:C00012 Peptide chebi_ontology CHEBI:16670 peptide Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND chebi_ontology CHEBI:166902 noradrenaline(1+) Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. chebi_ontology CHEBI:167559 glycan An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. Beilstein:125513 CAS:61-54-1 DrugBank:DB08653 Gmelin:603448 HMDB:HMDB0000303 KEGG:C00398 KNApSAcK:C00001434 MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE PDBeChem:TSS PMID:16126914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24345948 PMID:24558969 Reaxys:125513 Wikipedia:Tryptamine Tryptamine chebi_ontology CHEBI:16765 tryptamine Beilstein:125513 Beilstein CAS:61-54-1 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:603448 Gmelin PMID:16126914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24345948 Europe PMC PMID:24558969 Europe PMC Reaxys:125513 Reaxys Tryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. Beilstein:74376 CAS:635-65-4 Gmelin:411033 HMDB:HMDB0000054 KEGG:C00486 KNApSAcK:C00029828 MetaCyc:BILIRUBIN PDBeChem:BLR PMID:12799017 PMID:18442622 PMID:23763371 PMID:23768684 PMID:30224965 PMID:8605219 PMID:9587403 Reaxys:74376 Wikipedia:Bilirubin chebi_ontology CHEBI:16990 bilirubin IXalpha Beilstein:74376 Beilstein CAS:635-65-4 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:411033 Gmelin PMID:12799017 Europe PMC PMID:18442622 Europe PMC PMID:23763371 Europe PMC PMID:23768684 Europe PMC PMID:30224965 Europe PMC PMID:8605219 Europe PMC PMID:9587403 Europe PMC Reaxys:74376 Reaxys High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms. CAS:9007-49-2 KEGG:C00039 Deoxyribonucleic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:16991 deoxyribonucleic acid CAS:9007-49-2 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Deoxyribonucleic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. CAS:1398-61-4 KEGG:C00461 KEGG:G10483 Chitin chitin chebi_ontology CHEBI:17029 chitin CAS:1398-61-4 KEGG COMPOUND Chitin KEGG_COMPOUND chitin IUPAC UniProt A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). KEGG:C01450 Wikipedia:Ketone Ketone chebi_ontology CHEBI:17087 ketone Ketone KEGG_COMPOUND A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. KEGG:C00326 Glycoprotein chebi_ontology CHEBI:17089 glycoprotein Glycoprotein KEGG_COMPOUND An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. CAS:50-99-7 KEGG:C00293 Wikipedia:Glucose Glucose chebi_ontology CHEBI:17234 glucose CAS:50-99-7 KEGG COMPOUND Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. Beilstein:3903504 CAS:71-52-3 Gmelin:49249 HMDB:HMDB0000595 KEGG:C00288 MetaCyc:HCO3 PDBeChem:BCT PMID:17215880 PMID:17505962 PMID:18439416 PMID:28732801 PMID:29150416 PMID:29460248 PMID:29466234 PMID:4208463 Wikipedia:Bicarbonate Hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate chebi_ontology CHEBI:17544 hydrogencarbonate Beilstein:3903504 Beilstein CAS:71-52-3 ChemIDplus Gmelin:49249 Gmelin PMID:17215880 Europe PMC PMID:17505962 Europe PMC PMID:18439416 Europe PMC PMID:28732801 Europe PMC PMID:29150416 Europe PMC PMID:29460248 Europe PMC PMID:29466234 Europe PMC PMID:4208463 Europe PMC Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogencarbonate UniProt A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. KEGG:C01356 Lipid chebi_ontology CHEBI:18059 lipid Lipid KEGG_COMPOUND Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. KEGG:C02545 Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan chebi_ontology CHEBI:18085 glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan KEGG_COMPOUND Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). GlyGen:G70994MS GlyTouCan:G70994MS KEGG:C00738 Hexose chebi_ontology CHEBI:18133 hexose Hexose KEGG_COMPOUND A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. KEGG:C00420 Polysaccharide chebi_ontology CHEBI:18154 polysaccharide Polysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. KEGG:C00701 Wikipedia:Nucleobase chebi_ontology CHEBI:18282 nucleobase The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline. Beilstein:2804840 Beilstein:4231961 CAS:51-41-2 DrugBank:DB00368 Drug_Central:1960 HMDB:HMDB0000216 KEGG:C00547 KEGG:D00076 KNApSAcK:C00001424 PDBeChem:LNR Reaxys:2804840 Wikipedia:Norepinephrine chebi_ontology CHEBI:18357 (R)-noradrenaline Beilstein:2804840 Beilstein Beilstein:4231961 ChemIDplus CAS:51-41-2 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1960 DrugCentral Reaxys:2804840 Reaxys A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. Beilstein:3903772 CAS:14265-44-2 Gmelin:1997 KEGG:C00009 PDBeChem:PO4 Reaxys:3903772 chebi_ontology CHEBI:18367 phosphate(3-) Beilstein:3903772 Beilstein CAS:14265-44-2 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1997 Gmelin PDBeChem:PO4 ChEBI Reaxys:3903772 Reaxys Beilstein:2048472 chebi_ontology CHEBI:20664 5beta-cholane Beilstein:2048472 Beilstein N-acylglucosamine chebi_ontology CHEBI:21638 N-acylglucosamine N-acylglucosamine ChEBI N-acyl-hexosamine chebi_ontology CHEBI:21656 N-acyl-hexosamine N-acyl-hexosamine ChEBI An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group chebi_ontology CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid chebi_ontology CHEBI:22315 alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:22506 aminoglycan A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. chebi_ontology CHEBI:22586 antioxidant A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. KEGG:C01558 chebi_ontology CHEBI:22868 bile salt The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. PMID:24168430 chebi_ontology CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbonyl group chebi_ontology CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl group ChEBI UniProt An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23367 molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:23449 cyclic peptide Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23888 drug chebi_ontology CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. chebi_ontology CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor Any hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24271 glucosamines chebi_ontology CHEBI:24384 glycogens A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology protein CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24432 biological role A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24433 group A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24533 heterodetic cyclic peptide Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group. hexosamine chebi_ontology CHEBI:24586 hexosamine hexosamine ChEBI Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24621 hormone Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24663 hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid Any compound containing an indole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24828 indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24833 oxoacid chebi_ontology CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxide A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24866 salt chebi_ontology CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion chebi_ontology CHEBI:24868 organic salt A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology CHEBI:24870 ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:25046 linear tetrapyrrole Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25212 metabolite chebi_ontology CHEBI:25213 metal cation A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25362 elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25375 monoamine molecular messenger An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter chebi_ontology CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter WebElements:N chebi_ontology CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom chebi_ontology CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25696 organic anion Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25697 organic cation chebi_ontology CHEBI:25699 organic ion Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group chebi_ontology CHEBI:25704 organic sulfate An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O chebi_ontology CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. chebi_ontology CHEBI:25905 peptide hormone Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26020 phosphate A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. Beilstein:1921286 CAS:7664-38-2 Drug_Central:4478 Gmelin:2000 HMDB:HMDB0002142 KEGG:C00009 KEGG:D05467 KNApSAcK:C00007408 PMID:11455380 PMID:15630224 PMID:17439666 PMID:17518491 PMID:22282755 PMID:22333268 PMID:22381614 PMID:22401268 Reaxys:1921286 Wikipedia:Phosphoric_Acid Phosphoric acid phosphoric acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:26078 phosphoric acid Beilstein:1921286 Beilstein CAS:7664-38-2 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4478 DrugCentral Gmelin:2000 Gmelin PMID:11455380 Europe PMC PMID:15630224 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17518491 Europe PMC PMID:22282755 Europe PMC PMID:22333268 Europe PMC PMID:22381614 Europe PMC PMID:22401268 Europe PMC Reaxys:1921286 Reaxys Phosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND phosphoric acid IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:26079 phosphoric acid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:26082 phosphorus molecular entity CAS:7440-23-5 Gmelin:16221 KEGG:C01330 WebElements:Na chebi_ontology CHEBI:26708 sodium atom CAS:7440-23-5 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16221 Gmelin chebi_ontology CHEBI:26712 sodium molecular entity Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26714 sodium salt Any steroid that acts as hormone. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26764 steroid hormone An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26819 sulfuric ester Salts and esters of sulfuric acid sulfates chebi_ontology CHEBI:26820 sulfates sulfates ChEBI CAS:7704-34-9 KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 PPDB:605 WebElements:S chebi_ontology CHEBI:26833 sulfur atom CAS:7704-34-9 ChemIDplus NIST Chemistry WebBook sulfur molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entity ChEBI A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. CAS:7664-93-9 Gmelin:2122 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 KNApSAcK:C00007530 MolBase:4 PMID:13568755 PMID:16122922 PMID:19397353 PMID:22047659 PMID:22136045 PMID:22204399 PMID:22267186 PMID:22296037 PMID:22364556 PMID:22435616 PPDB:606 Reaxys:2037554 Wikipedia:Sulfuric_acid Sulfuric acid sulfuric acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:26836 sulfuric acid CAS:7664-93-9 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2122 Gmelin PMID:13568755 Europe PMC PMID:16122922 Europe PMC PMID:19397353 Europe PMC PMID:22047659 Europe PMC PMID:22136045 Europe PMC PMID:22204399 Europe PMC PMID:22267186 Europe PMC PMID:22296037 Europe PMC PMID:22364556 Europe PMC PMID:22435616 Europe PMC Reaxys:2037554 Reaxys Sulfuric acid KEGG_COMPOUND sulfuric acid ChEBI A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. chebi_ontology CHEBI:26932 tetrapyrrole Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient chebi_ontology CHEBI:27027 micronutrient Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27162 tryptamines chebi_ontology CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). chebi_ontology CHEBI:27369 zwitterion CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C chebi_ontology CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. CAS:9005-79-2 GlyGen:G99991IU GlyTouCan:G99991IU HMDB:HMDB0000757 KEGG:C00182 MetaCyc:CPD0-971 Wikipedia:Glycogen Glycogen chebi_ontology CHEBI:28087 glycogen CAS:9005-79-2 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Glycogen KEGG_COMPOUND A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CAS:7723-14-0 Gmelin:16235 KEGG:C06262 WebElements:P chebi_ontology CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom CAS:7723-14-0 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16235 Gmelin A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. Beilstein:143524 CAS:50-67-9 Gmelin:1861995 HMDB:HMDB0000259 KEGG:C00780 KNApSAcK:C00001429 LINCS:LSM-6589 MetaCyc:SEROTONIN PDBeChem:SRO PMID:18593914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24136337 Reaxys:143524 Wikipedia:Serotonin SEROTONIN Serotonin chebi_ontology CHEBI:28790 serotonin Beilstein:143524 Beilstein CAS:50-67-9 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1861995 Gmelin PMID:18593914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24136337 Europe PMC Reaxys:143524 Reaxys SEROTONIN PDBeChem Serotonin KEGG_COMPOUND An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium chebi_ontology CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups. KEGG:C05383 PMID:18424273 PMID:9056391 chebi_ontology CHEBI:28963 amino sugar PMID:18424273 Europe PMC PMID:9056391 Europe PMC A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. dicarboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology CHEBI:28965 dicarboxylic acid dianion dicarboxylic acid dianion ChEBI CAS:463-79-6 Gmelin:25554 KEGG:C01353 PDBeChem:CO3 Carbonic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:28976 carbonic acid CAS:463-79-6 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:25554 Gmelin Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. chebi_ontology CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. CAS:17341-25-2 Gmelin:15196 KEGG:C01330 PDBeChem:NA chebi_ontology CHEBI:29101 sodium(1+) CAS:17341-25-2 ChemIDplus NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:15196 Gmelin chebi_ontology CHEBI:29337 azanide A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. chebi_ontology CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) Gmelin:508 chebi_ontology CHEBI:29793 hydridodioxygen(1+) Gmelin:508 Gmelin A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. Beilstein:1901470 CAS:71-50-1 DrugBank:DB03166 Gmelin:1379 KEGG:C00033 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PMID:17190852 PMID:22211106 PMID:22371380 Reaxys:1901470 UM-BBD_compID:c0050 Wikipedia:Acetate acetate chebi_ontology CHEBI:30089 acetate Beilstein:1901470 Beilstein CAS:71-50-1 ChemIDplus NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1379 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:22211106 Europe PMC PMID:22371380 Europe PMC Reaxys:1901470 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0050 UM-BBD acetate UniProt Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. KEGG:C00205 chebi_ontology CHEBI:30212 photon Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. KEGG:C01558 Bile acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:3098 bile acid Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. KEGG:C00706 Amine chebi_ontology CHEBI:32952 amine Amine KEGG_COMPOUND An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. KEGG:C00241 Amide chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33241 oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33245 organic fundamental parent Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33246 inorganic group Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33247 organic group Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33249 organyl group A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33250 atom A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide primary amide IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33262 elemental oxygen chebi_ontology CHEBI:33263 diatomic oxygen An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. PMID:12964249 PMID:22117953 PMID:22439833 PMID:22849268 PMID:22849276 PMID:22958833 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent PMID:12964249 Europe PMC PMID:22117953 Europe PMC PMID:22439833 Europe PMC PMID:22849268 Europe PMC PMID:22849276 Europe PMC PMID:22958833 Europe PMC A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33284 nutrient A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. Wikipedia:Agrochemical chebi_ontology CHEBI:33286 agrochemical A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33287 fertilizer A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33300 pnictogen A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33303 chalcogen PMID:17084588 Europe PMC Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester chebi_ontology CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33318 main group element atom chebi_ontology CHEBI:33402 sulfur oxoacid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33408 pnictogen oxoacid sulfur oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:33424 sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivative ChEBI A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. phosphorus oxoacid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33457 phosphorus oxoacid phosphorus oxoacid ChEBI pnictogen oxoanion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33459 pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion ChEBI phosphorus oxoanion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33461 phosphorus oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion ChEBI sulfur oxoanion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33482 sulfur oxoanion sulfur oxoanion ChEBI chalcogen oxoacid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33484 chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacid ChEBI chalcogen oxoanion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33485 chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanion ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33504 alkali metal cation An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. KEGG:C00050 PMID:21784043 Wikipedia:Metal chebi_ontology CHEBI:33521 metal atom PMID:21784043 Europe PMC An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. KEGG:C15571 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33566 catechols 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. KEGG:C02012 Catecholamine chebi_ontology CHEBI:33567 catecholamine Catecholamine KEGG_COMPOUND A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. Beilstein:2210994 CAS:138-65-8 Gmelin:863925 LINCS:LSM-5181 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33569 noradrenaline Beilstein:2210994 Beilstein CAS:138-65-8 ChemIDplus NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:863925 Gmelin chebi_ontology CHEBI:33570 benzenediols The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline. Beilstein:2937999 LINCS:LSM-37072 Reaxys:2937999 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33571 (S)-noradrenaline Beilstein:2937999 Beilstein Reaxys:2937999 Reaxys A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound A molecule that features two fused rings. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides oxygen hydride chebi_ontology CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride oxygen hydride ChEBI A macromolecule formed by a living organism. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule chebi_ontology CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33696 nucleic acid High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. CAS:63231-63-0 ribonucleic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33697 ribonucleic acid CAS:63231-63-0 ChemIDplus ribonucleic acid IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. chebi_ontology protein CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33709 amino acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue carbohydrate acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:33720 carbohydrate acid carbohydrate acid ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:33721 carbohydrate acid anion carbohydrate acid anion ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33791 canonical nucleoside residue chebi_ontology CHEBI:33792 canonical ribonucleoside residue chebi_ontology CHEBI:33793 canonical deoxyribonucleoside residue An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). chebi_ontology CHEBI:33833 heteroarene Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. COMe:PRX000001 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33837 conjugated protein A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule chebi_ontology CHEBI:33839 macromolecule Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. KEGG:C15584 MetaCyc:Phenols Wikipedia:Phenols chebi_ontology CHEBI:33853 phenols A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33893 reagent A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. aldohexose chebi_ontology CHEBI:33917 aldohexose aldohexose ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33937 macronutrient An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. chebi_ontology CHEBI:350546 serotonin(1+) chebi_ontology CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35107 azane A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35222 inhibitor A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35223 catalyst The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35238 amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. KEGG:C06703 chebi_ontology CHEBI:35267 quaternary ammonium ion A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). chebi_ontology CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. KEGG:C01777 chebi_ontology CHEBI:35287 acylcholine Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. KEGG:C00377 MetaCyc:Steroids Steroid chebi_ontology CHEBI:35341 steroid Steroid KEGG_COMPOUND KEGG:C02159 chebi_ontology CHEBI:35350 hydroxy steroid Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. KEGG:C06698 Monosaccharide chebi_ontology CHEBI:35381 monosaccharide Monosaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35472 anti-inflammatory drug chebi_ontology CHEBI:35479 alkali metal salt chebi_ontology CHEBI:35507 natural product fundamental parent chebi_ontology CHEBI:35508 steroid fundamental parent chebi_ontology CHEBI:35519 cholane A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35524 sympathomimetic agent A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35569 alpha-adrenergic agonist A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35604 carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanion ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. KEGG:C02028 Dicarboxylic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:35692 dicarboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND dicarboxylic acid anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:35693 dicarboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid anion ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester chebi_ontology CHEBI:35701 ester Ester KEGG_COMPOUND chebi_ontology CHEBI:35722 sulfated glycosaminoglycan chebi_ontology CHEBI:35724 carbohydrate sulfate A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. KEGG:C00060 chebi_ontology CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35780 phosphate ion pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. chebi_ontology CHEBI:35942 neurotransmitter agent LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 chebi_ontology CHEBI:36078 cholanoid LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 LIPID MAPS A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36080 protein chebi_ontology CHEBI:36235 bile acid anion A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. CAS:25312-65-6 Patent:JP2008069152 Reaxys:13246008 chebi_ontology CHEBI:36237 cholanic acid CAS:25312-65-6 ChemIDplus Reaxys:13246008 Reaxys Beilstein:3214794 CAS:546-18-9 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 5beta-cholanic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:36238 5beta-cholanic acid Beilstein:3214794 Beilstein CAS:546-18-9 ChemIDplus LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 LIPID MAPS 5beta-cholanic acid ChemIDplus Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36248 5beta-cholanic acids A salt of a bile acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36277 bile acid salt chebi_ontology CHEBI:36278 cholanic acids Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology CHEBI:36338 lepton Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology CHEBI:36339 baryon Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36340 fermion Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36341 boson A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology CHEBI:36343 composite particle Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36344 hadron A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion phosphorus oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:36359 phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:36360 phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36735 biladienes chalcogen hydride chebi_ontology CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydride ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion chebi_ontology CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI chalcocarbonic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:36961 chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acid ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI amino-acid anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. CAS:9037-91-6 KEGG:C01379 Glucan chebi_ontology CHEBI:37163 glucan CAS:9037-91-6 ChemIDplus Glucan KEGG_COMPOUND Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. chebi_ontology CHEBI:37164 homopolysaccharide chebi_ontology CHEBI:37175 organic hydride chebi_ontology CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride chebi_ontology CHEBI:37246 elemental sodium Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. KEGG:C05114 Mucopolysaccharide chebi_ontology CHEBI:37395 mucopolysaccharide Mucopolysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). KEGG:C00174 Acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. chebi_ontology CHEBI:37622 carboxamide sulfuric acid derivative chebi_ontology CHEBI:37826 sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology CHEBI:37886 adrenergic agonist Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. chebi_ontology CHEBI:37962 adrenergic agent A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. Beilstein:8538310 chebi_ontology CHEBI:38077 polypyrrole Beilstein:8538310 Beilstein Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. chebi_ontology CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. chebi_ontology CHEBI:38324 cholinergic agonist Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. chebi_ontology CHEBI:38325 muscarinic agonist chebi_ontology CHEBI:38631 aminoalkylindole organic sodium salt chebi_ontology CHEBI:38700 organic sodium salt organic sodium salt ChEBI Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. carboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology CHEBI:38716 carboxylic acid dianion carboxylic acid dianion ChEBI An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. KEGG:C06073 Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid Indole alkaloid chebi_ontology CHEBI:38958 indole alkaloid Indole alkaloid KEGG_COMPOUND A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). chebi_ontology CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). chebi_ontology CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. chebi_ontology CHEBI:39144 Lewis base A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. DrugBank:DB02831 Gmelin:1999 PDBeChem:2HP chebi_ontology CHEBI:39745 dihydrogenphosphate Gmelin:1999 Gmelin Beilstein:3600898 CAS:3812-32-6 Gmelin:1559 PDBeChem:CO3 carbonate chebi_ontology CHEBI:41609 carbonate Beilstein:3600898 Beilstein CAS:3812-32-6 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1559 Gmelin carbonate IUPAC PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy group chebi_ontology CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy group UniProt A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. Gmelin:1998 MolBase:1628 PDBeChem:PI PDBeChem:PO4 chebi_ontology CHEBI:43474 hydrogenphosphate Gmelin:1998 Gmelin Gmelin:2121 hydrogensulfate chebi_ontology CHEBI:45696 hydrogensulfate Gmelin:2121 Gmelin hydrogensulfate IUPAC PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP chebi_ontology CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:46787 solvent PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP chebi_ontology CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. KEGG:C01883 Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters chebi_ontology CHEBI:47622 acetate ester Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:47891 steroid acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:48154 sulfur oxide A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48354 polar solvent A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48356 protic solvent Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48539 alpha-adrenergic drug Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48705 agonist WebElements:H chebi_ontology CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50160 steroid acid anion chebi_ontology CHEBI:50297 canonical nucleotide residue chebi_ontology CHEBI:50298 canonical deoxyribonucleotide residue chebi_ontology CHEBI:50299 canonical ribonucleotide residue chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50313 onium cation chebi_ontology CHEBI:50319 nucleotide residue chebi_ontology CHEBI:50320 nucleoside residue Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50514 vasoconstrictor agent Any molecular entity that contains carbon. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50994 primary amino compound A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51958 organic polycyclic compound A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52845 cyclic organic group The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. chebi_ontology CHEBI:53000 epitope A polymer carrying multiple negative charges. chebi_ontology CHEBI:53309 polyanionic macromolecule A macromolecule containing ionic groups. chebi_ontology CHEBI:53368 ionic macromolecule A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. CAS:16941-32-5 CAS:9007-92-5 DrugBank:DB00040 Drug_Central:2994 KEGG:C01501 KEGG:D00116 PMID:21940356 PMID:22014161 PMID:22154917 PMID:22166985 PMID:22167521 PMID:22214853 PMID:22227186 PMID:22286080 PMID:22294753 PMID:22318544 PMID:22334714 PMID:22399501 PMID:22438981 PMID:22454291 Reaxys:13191924 Wikipedia:Glucagon Glucagon chebi_ontology CHEBI:5391 glucagon CAS:16941-32-5 ChemIDplus CAS:9007-92-5 ChemIDplus KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:2994 DrugCentral PMID:21940356 Europe PMC PMID:22014161 Europe PMC PMID:22154917 Europe PMC PMID:22166985 Europe PMC PMID:22167521 Europe PMC PMID:22214853 Europe PMC PMID:22227186 Europe PMC PMID:22286080 Europe PMC PMID:22294753 Europe PMC PMID:22318544 Europe PMC PMID:22334714 Europe PMC PMID:22399501 Europe PMC PMID:22438981 Europe PMC PMID:22454291 Europe PMC Reaxys:13191924 Reaxys Glucagon KEGG_COMPOUND A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. Gmelin:533978 chebi_ontology CHEBI:57887 tryptaminium Gmelin:533978 Gmelin A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3. Beilstein:4083310 chebi_ontology CHEBI:57977 bilirubin(2-) Beilstein:4083310 Beilstein An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:58958 organosulfate oxoanion An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. chebi_ontology CHEBI:59252 linear tetrapyrrole anion Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. chebi_ontology CHEBI:59698 phosphoric acids A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology CHEBI:59999 chemical substance A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. chebi_ontology CHEBI:60004 mixture A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Wikipedia:Polymer Polymer chebi_ontology CHEBI:60027 polymer Polymer ChEBI An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules. chebi_ontology CHEBI:60164 ionic polymer An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. chebi_ontology CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion Any amino sugar that is a monosaccharide in which one alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:60926 amino monosaccharide Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. chebi_ontology CHEBI:61120 nucleobase-containing molecular entity A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules. chebi_ontology CHEBI:61469 polyanionic polymer A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. chebi_ontology CHEBI:63248 oxidising agent Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. chebi_ontology CHEBI:63299 carbohydrate derivative A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid. chebi_ontology CHEBI:63436 carbohydrate acid derivative An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. PMID:21822758 PMID:21993877 PMID:22005599 PMID:22082101 PMID:22153577 PMID:22213370 PMID:22218931 PMID:22342987 PMID:22371656 chebi_ontology CHEBI:63534 monoamine PMID:21822758 Europe PMC PMID:21993877 Europe PMC PMID:22005599 Europe PMC PMID:22082101 Europe PMC PMID:22153577 Europe PMC PMID:22213370 Europe PMC PMID:22218931 Europe PMC PMID:22342987 Europe PMC PMID:22371656 Europe PMC A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. chebi_ontology CHEBI:63551 carbohydrate acid derivative anion Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive chebi_ontology CHEBI:64047 food additive A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator chebi_ontology CHEBI:64049 food acidity regulator An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene. chebi_ontology CHEBI:64365 aralkylamino compound A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14. CAS:38916-34-6 Drug_Central:2997 HMDB:HMDB0013072 KEGG:C16022 KEGG:D07431 LINCS:LSM-5326 PMID:21922516 PMID:22129035 PMID:22147011 PMID:22251942 PMID:22483686 PMID:22509294 Reaxys:10148626 Wikipedia:Somatostatin chebi_ontology CHEBI:64628 somatostatin CAS:38916-34-6 ChemIDplus KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:2997 DrugCentral PMID:21922516 Europe PMC PMID:22129035 Europe PMC PMID:22147011 Europe PMC PMID:22251942 Europe PMC PMID:22483686 Europe PMC PMID:22509294 Europe PMC Reaxys:10148626 Reaxys An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology CHEBI:64709 organic acid Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology CHEBI:64909 poison A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. chebi_ontology CHEBI:65212 polysaccharide derivative Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. chebi_ontology CHEBI:65255 food preservative A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). chebi_ontology CHEBI:65256 antimicrobial food preservative An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. chebi_ontology CHEBI:65296 primary ammonium ion Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. chebi_ontology CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the priamry amino group; major species at pH 7.3. PDBeChem:E5E chebi_ontology CHEBI:72587 (R)-noradrenaline(1+) Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology CHEBI:72695 organic molecule A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. MetaCyc:Exopolysaccharides PMID:11160795 PMID:11785425 PMID:1444258 PMID:15738217 PMID:16075348 PMID:17440912 PMID:18097339 PMID:19453747 PMID:20172021 PMID:20631870 PMID:20718297 PMID:2688547 PMID:6354590 Wikipedia:Exopolysaccharide Wikipedia:Extracellular_polymeric_substance chebi_ontology CHEBI:72813 exopolysaccharide PMID:11160795 Europe PMC PMID:11785425 Europe PMC PMID:1444258 Europe PMC PMID:15738217 Europe PMC PMID:16075348 Europe PMC PMID:17440912 Europe PMC PMID:18097339 Europe PMC PMID:19453747 Europe PMC PMID:20172021 Europe PMC PMID:20631870 Europe PMC PMID:20718297 Europe PMC PMID:2688547 Europe PMC PMID:6354590 Europe PMC A drug used in treating and healing of wounds. Wikipedia:Wound_healing chebi_ontology CHEBI:73336 vulnerary A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. chebi_ontology CHEBI:73398 indole skeleton A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms. chebi_ontology CHEBI:73541 organic heterobicyclic ring Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. chebi_ontology CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. chebi_ontology CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). chebi_ontology CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. chebi_ontology CHEBI:76206 xenobiotic metabolite Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. chebi_ontology CHEBI:76924 plant metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. chebi_ontology CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:76967 human xenobiotic metabolite Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). chebi_ontology CHEBI:77746 human metabolite An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. Wikipedia:Packaging_gas chebi_ontology CHEBI:77974 food packaging gas A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology CHEBI:78295 food component A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology CHEBI:78433 refrigerant An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. chebi_ontology CHEBI:78616 carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives Any metabolite produced by all living cells. chebi_ontology CHEBI:78675 fundamental metabolite Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. chebi_ontology CHEBI:79387 trivalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. chebi_ontology CHEBI:83039 crustacean metabolite A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. chebi_ontology CHEBI:83056 Daphnia magna metabolite A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Wikipedia:Daphnia chebi_ontology CHEBI:83057 Daphnia metabolite Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:84729 hydroxyindoles Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. chebi_ontology CHEBI:84735 algal metabolite A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FBbt:00007002 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 MESH:D002477 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 protein CL:0000000 cell cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. fibroblast neural crest derived Any fibroblast that is deriived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) neuronal receptor cell A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. early embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. GOC:tfm Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory cranial neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007091 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory trunk neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007095 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. FBbt:00004861 germline stem cell germ line stem cell A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. FMA:72290 MA:0002765 VHOG:0001531 ncithesaurus:Spermatogenic_Cell male germ cell A germ cell that supports male gamete production. In some species, non-germ cells known as Sertoli cells also play a role in spermatogenesis. PMID:29462262 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. BTO:0001275 CALOHA:TS-0951 EMAPA:31484 FBbt:00004936 FMA:84049 WBbt:0006799 spermatocyte A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. GOC:tfm MESH:D013090 A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. BTO:0001274 CALOHA:TS-0950 EMAPA:31486 FBbt:00004942 FMA:72294 WBbt:0006800 nematoblast spermatid A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. MESH:D013087 A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. BTO:0001277 BTO:0002046 CALOHA:TS-0949 FBbt:00004954 FMA:67338 WBbt:0006798 sperm cell spermatozoid spermatozoon sperm A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. GOC:tfm MESH:D013094 An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. BTO:0000958 CALOHA:TS-2193 EMAPA:31482 FBbt:00004934 FBbt:00004935 FMA:72291 spermatogonial cell spermatogonium An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. MESH:D013093 Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MA:0000388 VHOG:0001530 ncithesaurus:Egg female germ cell Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. GOC:tfm PMID:11023867 PMID:20454446 A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. FBbt:00004873 female germ line stem cell A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. BTO:0000964 CALOHA:TS-0711 FBbt:00004886 FMA:18644 MESH:D009865 WBbt:0006797 oocyte A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. FMA:83673 oogonial cell An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. BTO:0000369 BTO:0003801 CALOHA:TS-2191 FBbt:00057012 FMA:67343 MESH:D010063 mature oocyte ovum egg cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Egg_cell.svg A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. smooth muscle cell neural crest derived A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 neuron neural crest derived neural crest derived neuron A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. BTO:0000930 FMA:70563 neuroblast neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. GOC:NV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 animal stem cell stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. GOC:tfm MESH:D013234 A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. FMA:70569 unipotent stem cell unipotential stem cell single fate stem cell A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. GOC:tfm A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 FMA:86475 MESH:D006412 VHOG:0001485 blood forming stem cell hemopoietic stem cell hematopoietic stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. BTO:0004911 erythroid progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. FMA:84789 multi-fate stem cell multifate stem cell multipotent cell multipotent stem cell multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. GOC:add A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. BTO:0004730 common myeloid precursor common myeloid progenitor A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add ISBN:0878932437 MESH:D023461 A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. CFU-EM CFU-MegE MEP Meg/E progenitor colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm MESH:D055015 PMID:16647566 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. common lymphocyte precursor common lymphocyte progenitor common lymphoid precursor common lymphoid progenitor A oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:10407577 PMID:16551251 A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. FMA:84790 MESH:D039901 totipotential stem cell totipotent stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. GOC:add GOC:tfm A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 FMA:84782 blast cell non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. SANBI:mhl A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. BTO:0000222 CALOHA:TS-0650 FBbt:00005083 FMA:70335 VHOG:0001529 myoblast A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. GOC:tfm MESH:D032446 PMID:21849021 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. BTO:0000452 CALOHA:TS-0362 FMA:63877 NCIT:C12482 VHOG:0001482 fibroblast A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D005347 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. BTO:0003607 FMA:66783 chrondoplast chondroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. VHOG:0001532 XAO:0000031 ciliated cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. GOC:tfm A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. BTO:0000414 CALOHA:TS-2026 CARO:0000077 FBbt:00000124 FMA:66768 WBbt:0003672 epitheliocyte epithelial cell epithelial cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Epithelial_cells.svg A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. FB:ma GOC:tfm MESH:D004847 An epithelial cell that has a cilia. FMA:70605 ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 branched duct epithelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. cuboidal endothelial cell of vascular tree blood vessel endothelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. GOC:tfm non-branched duct epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GO:0002065 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 CALOHA:TS-1249 squamous epithelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. FMA:66773 mesotheliocyte mesothelial cell A flattened epithelial cell of mesenchymal origin that lines the serous cavity. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. circulating cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. GOC:add A cell found predominately in the blood. FMA:62844 MESH:D001773 blood cell A cell found predominately in the blood. GOC:add GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lung. BTO:0004299 lung epithelial cell epithelial cell of lung An epithelial cell of the lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 An epithelial cell of the pancreas. BTO:0000028 pancreas epithelial cell pancreatic epithelial cell epithelial cell of pancreas An epithelial cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. BTO:0000782 CALOHA:TS-1001 FMA:62870 MESH:D013601 VHOG:0001479 T lymphocyte T-cell T-lymphocyte T cell A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:0781735149 neuron associated cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. BTO:0004301 sensory epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. BTO:0003811 FBbt:00005125 FMA:67313 WBbt:0005113 interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. GOC:tfm MESH:D007395 An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. BTO:0000312 FBbt:00005123 FMA:83617 WBbt:0005409 motoneuron motor neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. MESH:D009046 PMID:16875686 Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. BTO:0001037 FBbt:00005124 FMA:84649 MESH:D011984 WBbt:0005759 sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. ISBN:0721662544 A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. FMA:80121 autonomic neuron A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. GOC:tfm A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. BTO:0004902 FBbt:00007173 FMA:84796 MESH:D059329 WBbt:0006840 cholinergic neuron A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. GOC:tfm A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus. BTO:0001433 mononuclear phagocyte A vertebrate phagocyte with a single nucleus. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:0781735149 An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. BTO:0001176 CALOHA:TS-0278 FMA:66772 endotheliocyte endothelial cell An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. GOC:tfm MESH:D042783 PMID:21275341 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata) A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. BTO:0002606 CALOHA:TS-0415 FBbt:00005144 FMA:54536 neuroglial cell glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. MESH:D009457 Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. neurectoderm cell neurectodermal cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. BTO:0002625 BTO:0003298 FMA:70546 mesenchymal stem cell A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. FB:ma GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC2613570 PMID:10102814 PMID:16923606 PMID:17986482 PMID:19960544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. BTO:0000443 CALOHA:TS-0012 FMA:63880 adipose cell fat cell adipocyte A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. MESH:D017667 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. BTO:0000249 CALOHA:TS-0138 FMA:66782 cartilage cell chondrocyte Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. GO_REF:0000034 MESH:D019902 A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. professional antigen presenting cell A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. VHOG:0001678 chromatocyte chromatophore pigment cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. GOC:tfm visual pigment cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. An epithelial cell, located in a gland, that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules, such as hormones, or mucous. CALOHA:TS-2085 FMA:86494 glandular epithelial cell glandular epithelial cell glandular secretory epithelial cell glandular secretory epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell that is capable of synthesizing and secreting certain biomolecules. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell, located in a gland, that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules, such as hormones, or mucous. GOC:tfm ORCID:0000-0002-7073-9172 A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 FMA:86916 secretory cell secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. FMA:16014 exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. ISBN:0198547684 A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GAG secreting cell glycosaminoglycan secreting cell A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GOC:tfm protein secreting cell seromucus secreting cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. FMA:83809 endocrinocyte endocrine cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. MESH:D055098 An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. BTO:0003865 FMA:62930 MESH:D019858 enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. BTO:0002691 FBbt:00005130 FMA:83810 neuroendocrine cell A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. MESH:D055099 peptide hormone secreting cell BTO:0000783 insulin secreting cell A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. BTO:0000783 EV:0200009 FMA:70586 MA:0002419 ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell B-cell of pancreatic islet beta cell of pancreatic islet insulin-secreting cell pancreatic B cell pancreatic B-cell pancreatic beta cell pancreatic islet core type B enteroendocrine cell type B pancreatic cell A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell B-cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 beta cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 insulin-secreting cell FMA:70586 pancreatic B-cell FMA:70586 pancreatic beta cell FMA:70586 pancreatic islet core MA:0002419 type B enteroendocrine cell FMA:70586 A cell that secretes glucagon. FMA:84045 glucagon-secreting cell glucagon secreting cell A cell that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. BTO:0000990 FMA:70585 MESH:D050416 alpha cell of islet of Langerhans pancreatic alpha cell pancreatic A cell A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 somatostatin secreting cell A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. BTO:0000803 FMA:70587 D-cell of pancreatic islet delta cell of islet delta cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic D-cell pancreatic delta cell somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell pancreatic D cell A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. FMA:0517223651 GOC:tfm steroid hormone secreting cell The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. BTO:0000575 CALOHA:TS-0454 FMA:14515 hepatocyte The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 MESH:D022781 PMID:19717280 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte A cell whose primary function is to shorten. contractile cell A cell whose primary function is to shorten. FB:ma A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. BTO:0000888 BTO:0000902 CALOHA:TS-2032 FBbt:00005074 FMA:67328 WBbt:0003675 muscle fiber myocyte muscle cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Muscle_cells.svg A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. MESH:D032342 A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. BTO:0004392 CALOHA:TS-2158 FMA:9727 skeletal muscle cell cell of skeletal muscle cell of skeletal muscle A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. GOC:tfm A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). BTO:0004576 CALOHA:TS-2159 FMA:14072 SMCs myocytes, smooth muscle smooth muscle fiber smooth muscle cell A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). MESH:D032389 PMID:9315361 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell SMCs PMID:9315361 myocytes, smooth muscle MESH:D032389 A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. MESH:D011984 receptor cell sensory receptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MESH:D002628 A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. BTO:0001060 CALOHA:TS-0868 FMA:86740 photoreceptor cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Photoreceptor_cell.svg A cell specialized to detect and transduce light. MESH:D010786 A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. FB:ma A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. boundary cell lining cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. JB:jb A cell located in the synovial joint. CALOHA:TS-0995 synoviocyte synovial cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. JB:jb A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. BTO:0001238 CALOHA:TS-0922 FMA:72298 VHOG:0001348 Sertoli cell A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. MESH:D012708 A cell that moves by its own activities. motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72549 ectoderm cell ectodermal cell ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004475 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. FMA:72554 mesoblast mesoderm cell mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MESH:D008648 A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72555 endoderm cell endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004707 A cell that lacks a nucleus. FMA:68647 non-nucleated cell anucleate cell A cell that lacks a nucleus. FB:ma A cell with a single nucleus. single nucleate cell A cell with a single nucleus. FB:ma GOC:tfm binucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. AEO:0000203 WBbt:0008074 syncitium syncytial cell syncytium multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. FB:ma A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. BTO:0000424 CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:81100 RBC red blood cell erythrocyte A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. GOC:tfm MESH:D004912 Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. BTO:0001044 FMA:83806 MESH:D010586 phagocyte Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota. MESH:D005057 eukaryotic cell eukaryotic cell Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota. FBC:Autogenerated Eumycetozoan cell eye photoreceptor cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. structural cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. TAIR:sr A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. CALOHA:TS-0395 FBbt:00005412 FMA:18649 haploid nucleated cell gamete A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 lens cell crystallin accumulating cell Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. BTO:0003687 FMA:62511 serous cell serous secreting cell Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 BTO:0003689 mucous cell mucus secreting cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). FB:ma extracellular matrix secreting cell oxygen accumulating cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. FMA:86667 migratory neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.017 A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. mesenchyme condensation cell A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. GOC:tfm PMID:5025404 A cell of the sclera of the eye. scleral cell A cell of the sclera of the eye. GOC:add A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. choroidal cell of the eye A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. GOC:add extraembryonic cell A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. FMA:83028 trophoblastic cell trophoblast cell A cell lining the outside of the blastocyst. After binding to the endometrium, trophoblast cells develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblast cells, which form the early fetal-maternal interface. GOC:tfm MESH:D014327 A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. epiblast cell A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). BTO:0001473 FMA:72551 blastomere blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). MESH:D001756 ncithesaurus:Blastemal_Cell blastema cell blastemal cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. FMA:86767 multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. PMID:18282570 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. sphincter associated smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. GOC:cjm A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell vascular associated smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). BTO:0001470 CALOHA:TS-0283 FMA:62411 MESH:D000078404 cell of epidermis epidermal cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). Flybase:dsj MA:ma cell of epidermis FMA:62411 Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. BTO:0000854 EHDAA2:0004546 FMA:72395 animal zygote Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. ISBN:0471245208 A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. FB:ma ganglion interneuron An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. CNS interneuron An interneuron that has its cell body in a central nervous system. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817424-1.00001-X A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. FB:ma BTO:0001277 CALOHA:TS-0949 male gamete A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. polyploid cell A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. FB:ma PMID:32646579 https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_Polyploidy A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. FB:ma GOC:tfm endopolyploid cell carbohydrate secreting cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). BTO:0002042 CALOHA:TS-0194 FMA:83036 MESH:D003713 dendritic cell A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 biogenic amine secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). 5-HT secreting cell 5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting cell serotonin secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). GOC:tfm PMID:19630576 A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. noradrenaline secreting cell norepinephrin secreting cell norepinephrine secreting cell noradrenergic cell A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. defensive cell A cell whose primary function is to protect the organism. JB:jb A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. visible light photoreceptor cell A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. GOC:tfm A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. BTO:0002064 FMA:83624 stromal cell A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere. GOC:tfm MESH:D017154 A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. FMA:62935 D cell type D enteroendocrine cell A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. MESH:D019864 An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. enkephalin secreting cell An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. endorphin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. GO:tfm An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. BTO:0004108 FMA:67609 G cell type G enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell found in the pyloric gland mucosa (antral mucosa) of the stomach of mammals and responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D019863 A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. gastrin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. androgen binding protein secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen binding protein. GO:tfm A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. FMA:84797 cardiac muscle progenitor cell cardiomyocyte progenitor cell cardiac muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. GOC:tfm MESH:D032386 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. FMA:84798 myoblast, smooth muscle smooth muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. GOC:tfm MESH:D032390 myoblast, smooth muscle MESH:D032390 A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. FMA:84799 skeletal myoblast skeletal muscle myoblast A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. SANBI:mhl A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis. phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata) A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis. GOC:tfm fungal cell A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. FMA:83043 syncytial trophoblast cell syncytiotrophoblastic cell syncytiotrophoblast cell A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 syncytial trophoblast cell PMID:11787150 syncytiotrophoblastic cell PMID:21733368 A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. FMA:87653 input neuron afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. GOC:tfm MESH:D009475 A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. output neuron efferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. MESH:D009476 The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FBbt:00005106 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 nerve cell neuron https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Neuron_cells.svg The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MESH:D009474 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. BTO:0000775 CALOHA:TS-0583 FMA:62863 MESH:D008214 VHOG:0001535 lymphocyte A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. GOC:add ISBN:0683073696 ISBN:0781735149 An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83518 rubriblast proerythroblast An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 PMID:1638021 rubriblast ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83505 basophilic normoblast early erythroblast early normoblast prorubricyte basophilic erythroblast A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 basophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 early erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 early normoblast ISBN:0721601464 prorubricyte ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83506 intermediate erythroblast intermediate normoblast polychromatic erythroblast polychromatic normoblast polychromatophilic normoblast rubricyte polychromatophilic erythroblast A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 intermediate erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 intermediate normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 rubricyte ISBN:0721601464 The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. FMA:84646 acidophilic erythroblast eosinophilic erythroblast late erythoblast orthochromatic normoblast pyknotic eto enrythroblast orthochromatic erythroblast The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. ISBN:0721601464 acidophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 eosinophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 orthochromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 pyknotic eto enrythroblast ISBN:0721601464 The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0001164 CALOHA:TS-0610 FMA:84235 MESH:D055016 CFU-Meg Meg-CFC MkP colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte megacaryoblast megacaryocyte progenitor cell megakaryoblast megakaryocytic progenitor cell megakaryocyte progenitor cell The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 CFU-Meg PMID:11722431 PMID:12482498 Meg-CFC PMCID:PMC1794060 MkP PMID:21116988 megakaryocytic progenitor cell PMID:12482498 A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. BTO:0000843 CALOHA:TS-0611 FMA:83555 megacaryocyte megalocaryocyte megalokaryocyte megakaryocyte A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. ISBN:0721601464 MESH:D008533 PMID:31043076 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. BTO:0001173 CALOHA:TS-0864 MESH:D012156 reticulocyte An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:15946868 PMID:2037622 An erythrocyte having a nucleus. nucleate erythrocyte An erythrocyte having a nucleus. GOC:add GOc:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. angioblast chondroplast angioblastic mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. cardiac mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. PMID:18816864 One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. BTO:0001036 CALOHA:TS-0866 FMA:67748 retinal cone cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. MESH:D017949 An epithelial cell of the cornea. BTO:0004298 CALOHA:TS-0173 FMA:70551 epithelial cell of cornea corneal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the cornea. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cornea FMA:70551 The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. BTO:0000535 NCIT:C12597 VHOG:0001534 WBbt:0006796 germ cell The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:D005854 A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. androgen secreting cell A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. GOC:tfm An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. enucleate erythrocyte An erythrocyte lacking a nucleus. GOC:add GOC:tfm One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. BTO:0001024 CALOHA:TS-0870 FMA:67747 retinal rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. MESH:D017948 A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). FMA:83625 MESH:D061354 acinic cell acinous cell acinar cell A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). GOC:tfm http://www.copewithcytokines.de A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. BTO:0002315 supportive cell supporting cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. FB:ma GOC:tfm A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. BTO:0001115 CALOHA:TS-2194 FMA:72292 primary spermatocyte A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. BTO:0000709 CALOHA:TS-2195 FBbt:00004941 FMA:72293 secondary spermatocyte One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. collagen secreting cell An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. GOC:tfm A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. FMA:70567 gonocyte primitive germ cell primordial germ cell A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. GOC:tfm PMID:1381289 A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. female gamete A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. GOC:tfm A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. muscle precursor cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. GOC:add A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. FMA:62938 FMA:83409 type F enteroendocrine cell PP cell A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. GOC:tfm JB:jb PMID:15153415 Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. BTO:0004301 FMA:70557 neurecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. CALOHA:TS-2086 MESH:D053687 somatic stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. GO:0048103 Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. BTO:0002916 CALOHA:TS-2157 FMA:86936 striated muscle cell Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. BTO:0000751 CALOHA:TS-0549 FMA:62852 MESH:D007962 NCIT:C12529 leucocyte white blood cell leukocyte An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:978-0-323-05290-0 The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. BTO:0001800 FMA:67765 MESH:D012165 gangliocyte ganglion cell of retina retinal ganglion cell The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. GOC:dph Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:14067 MESH:D032383 cardiac muscle fiber cardiac myocyte cardiomyocyte heart muscle cell cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11 GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22426062 PMID:4711263 cardiac muscle fiber GO:0048739 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. BTO:0001441 CALOHA:TS-0647 MESH:D022423 myeloid cell A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. GOC:add A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:62845 FMA:83516 erythropoietic cell erythroid lineage cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. GOC:add GOC:tfm A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. BTO:0001571 CALOHA:TS-0289 FMA:83504 MESH:D004900 normoblast erythroblast A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 PMID:18174176 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. GOC:add A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes. multinucleated phagocyte A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes. GOC:add GOC:tfm A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. pro-T lymphocyte progenitor T cell pro-T cell A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 MPP hemopoietic progenitor cell hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. BTO:0004731 CALOHA:TS-2025 FMA:70338 lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. BTO:0004730 CALOHA:TS-2099 FMA:70339 myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. BTO:0000878 CALOHA:TS-0768 FMA:86713 mononuclear leukocyte mononuclear cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. GOC:add A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. FBbt:00005133 MESH:D059326 WBbt:0006837 5-HT neuron 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron serotonergic neuron A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. SANBI:mhl A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. BTO:0000574 CALOHA:TS-2017 FMA:70366 FMA:83598 haematopoietic cell haemopoietic cell hemopoietic cell hematopoietic cell A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 A connective tissue cell found in bone. 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z bone cell A connective tissue cell found in bone. GOC:add GO_REF:0000034 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0004911 erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. 2010-01-06T03:43:20Z hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. 2010-06-24T03:16:29Z BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-0737 FMA:63032 acinar cell of pancreas pancreatic acinar cell A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 PMID:20395539 http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. 2010-09-10T10:48:54Z FMA:62939 type A enteroendocrine cell An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. 2010-06-28T08:36:15Z BTO:0001032 FMA:14146 Purkinje cell fiber Purkinje muscle cell myocytus conducens cardiacus Purkinje myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. FMA:0412046911 GOC:tfm PMID:19939742 A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. 2010-06-29T11:41:37Z BTO:0004190 FMA:67101 P cell cardiac pacemaker cell myocytus nodalis nodal myocyte A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. FMA:67101 GOC:tfm cardiac pacemaker cell GOC:pr Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. 2010-06-29T02:39:32Z FMA:67142 transitional myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. FMA:67142 GOC:tfm The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). 2010-06-29T11:50:47Z FMA:67111 myocardial endocrine cell The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). FMA:67111 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z FMA:69075 endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. FMA:69075 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z FMA:69074 ecto-epithelial cell ecto-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. FMA:69074 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z FMA:69076 epithelial mesenchymal cell meso-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. FMA:69076 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. 2010-06-30T08:49:43Z FMA:63099 pancreatic ductal cell Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. FMA:63099 GOC:tfm PMID:14740223 A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. 2010-06-30T08:49:52Z FMA:62455 centroacinar cell of Langerhans pancreatic centroacinar cell pancreatic centro-acinar cell A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. GOC:tfm PMID:12142741 PMID:20018761 PMID:8185160 A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. 2010-07-21T01:33:38Z FMA:67968 specialized cardiac myocyte A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. FMA:67968 GOC:tfm A leukocyte that lacks granules. 2010-07-22T11:30:33Z FMA:62855 agranular leukocyte nongranular leukocyte A leukocyte that lacks granules. GOC:tfm This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. 2010-07-22T03:26:00Z BTO:0003914 FMA:86573 ICC intestinal pacemaker cell interstitial cell of Cajal This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. GOC:tfm PMID:16460275 PMID:19520112 intestinal pacemaker cell GOC:pr A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z BTO:0004850 FMA:83621 MESH:D001854 bone marrow cell A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z FMA:18710 hilar cell of ovary hilus cell of ovary A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A stomal cell of the ovary 2010-08-23T12:10:31Z FMA:72299 ovarian stromal cell stromal cell of ovary A stomal cell of the ovary GOC:tfm ovarian stromal cell GOC:cjm An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z BTO:0001854 CALOHA:TS-1106 FMA:67755 vascular endothelial cell endothelial cell of vascular tree An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 An endothelial cell found in capillaries. 2010-08-24T10:15:00Z BTO:0004956 CALOHA:TS-0112 FMA:67756 capillary endothelial cell An endothelial cell found in capillaries. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the uterus. 2010-08-24T10:45:54Z FMA:256161 epithelial cell of uterus An epithelial cell of the uterus. GOC:tfm Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z FMA:70556 general ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. 2010-08-25T03:22:08Z FMA:62948 epithelial cell of stomach An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. GOC:tfm A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. 2010-08-25T03:38:51Z FMA:63464 mucous cell of stomach A mucous cell in the epithelium of the stomach. GOC:tfm A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. 2010-08-25T03:57:08Z FMA:62953 stem cell of gastric gland A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). 2010-08-30T02:00:42Z FMA:86577 hepatic stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). GOC:tfm PMID:26798363 A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. 2010-09-07T10:38:03Z FMA:70950 vertebrate lens cell A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. 2010-09-07T10:45:47Z FMA:67559 lens epithelial cell A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium A fibroblast in the bone marrow. 2010-09-07T02:25:18Z FMA:84377 marrow fibroblast A fibroblast in the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 2010-09-07T02:29:38Z FMA:84467 pulmonary myofibroblast pulmonary septal cell pulmonary interstitial fibroblast A fibroblasts found in interstitial spaces in the pulmonary tract. Greater numbers of these cells are found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. GOC:tfm A cell containing at least one nucleus. 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z FMA:67513 nucleate cell A cell containing at least one nucleus. GOC:tfm A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. 2010-09-08T08:53:42Z FMA:70611 smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 ISBN:0721694128 A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). 2010-09-07T03:57:09Z BTO:0002669 FMA:86711 MESH:D000072916 PBSC peripheral blood stem cell A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. 2010-09-08T09:26:53Z epithelial cell of alimentary canal An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2010-09-08T09:28:20Z FMA:63071 epithelial cell of esophagus An epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the large intestine. 2010-09-08T09:28:22Z BTO:0004297 FMA:256157 epithelial cell of large intestine An epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the small intestine. 2010-09-08T09:41:46Z FMA:256159 epithelial cell of small intestine An epithelial cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A stromal cell of the endometrium that is fibroblastic in appearance. During decidualization this cell may differentiate into a decidual stromal cell. 2010-09-08T09:50:04Z CALOHA:TS-1266 FMA:86490 endometrial stromal cell endometrial stromal fibroblast stromal cell of endometrium A stromal cell of the endometrium that is fibroblastic in appearance. During decidualization this cell may differentiate into a decidual stromal cell. PMID:11331626 PMID:30013421 PMID:30309298 Wiki:Decidualization&oldid=908981933#Endometrial_stromal_cells_(ESCs) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1040-z endometrial stromal fibroblast PMID:30309298 An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. 2010-09-14T10:57:26Z FMA:63134 endothelial cell of sinusoid An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. 2010-09-10T10:54:42Z FMA:83411 type A cell of stomach A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A D cell located in the colon. 2010-09-10T11:37:35Z FMA:268744 colon D-cell colonic delta cell delta cell of colon type D cell of colon A D cell located in the colon. GOC:tfm A type D cell of the small intestine. 2010-09-10T01:34:22Z FMA:268736 delta cell of small intestine small intestine D-cell small intestine delta cell type D cell of small intestine A type D cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A type D cell found in the stomach. 2010-09-10T01:36:03Z FMA:83410 delta cell of stomach stomach D-cell stomach delta cell type D cell of stomach A type D cell found in the stomach. GOC:tfm A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. 2010-09-10T03:30:31Z BTO:0000805 FMA:70588 MESH:D050418 PP cell of pancreatic islet PP-cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell pancreatic PP cell A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of a skin gland. 2010-09-14T12:00:07Z FMA:70657 epithelial cell of gland of skin epithelial cell of skin gland An epithelial cell of a skin gland. GOC:tfm A cell that is part of the nervous system. 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z CALOHA:TS-2096 FMA:63875 MESH:D003239 connective tissue cell A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the embryo. 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z CALOHA:TS-0263 FMA:82840 WBbt:0007028 embryonic cell (metazoa) embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell of the embryo. FMA:0618947256 An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. 2010-09-20T02:25:25Z neural crest derived adipocyte An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17507398 An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. 2010-09-21T04:33:05Z FMA:75621 endocardial endothelial cell endothelial cell of endocardium endocardial cell An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. GOC:tfm ISSN:0452-3458 endothelial cell of endocardium FMA:75621 A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. 2010-09-21T04:41:06Z pancreatic endocrine progenitor pancreatic islet progenitor cell progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. GOC:tfm PMID:20025937 PMID:20217494 PMID:22728667 A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. 2010-09-22T09:05:13Z gestational hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-60327-246-6 A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. 2010-09-22T10:30:02Z placental hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell of the placenta. This cell type is first observed E10.5 This cell type may give rise to fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-1-60327-346-6 A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. 2010-09-22T01:57:40Z corneal fibroblast corneal keratocyte keratocyte A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. GOC:tfm ISBN:9780702029585 An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. 2010-09-23T04:38:49Z BTO:0004533 airway epithelial cell respiratory epithelial cell An endo-epithelial cell of the respiratory tract. GOC:tfm A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z FBbt:00005812 myotubule single cell sarcomere myotube A transversely striated, synctial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts. GOC:dos GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22274696 A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. 2010-10-15T09:24:05Z nucleated reticulocyte A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. GOC:tfm PMID:18182572 PMID:9011180 PMID:9046052 A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. 2010-10-15T09:24:08Z CALOHA:TS-0864 FMA:66785 enucleated reticulocyte A reticulocyte lacking a nucleus and showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining due to the presence of ribosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0-12203-052-4 ISBN:0721601464 A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:83808 FMA:84791 heart cell cardiocyte A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. GOC:tfm A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z BTO:0002441 FMA:84639 adventitial cell A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. 2011-01-17T03:39:38Z intestinal smooth muscle cell enteric smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the kidney. 2011-02-08T10:46:34Z KUPO:0001019 kidney epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the kidney. GOC:tfm KUPO:SJ An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. 2011-02-21T02:51:22Z subcutaneous fat cell subcutaneous adipocyte An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. 2011-02-28T01:20:20Z small bile duct cholangiocyte intrahepatic cholangiocyte An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. GOC:tfm PMID:23720296 small bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. 2011-02-28T01:42:12Z BTO:0004577 aortic smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. 2011-02-28T01:47:47Z mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane. 2011-02-28T03:04:35Z chorionic membrane mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of the chorionic membrane. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. 2011-02-28T03:48:11Z FMA:62104 KUPO:0001099 endothelial cell of vein venous endothelial cell vein endothelial cell An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. GOC:tfm An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. 2011-02-28T04:20:39Z embryonic blood vessel endothelial progenitor cell An endothelial progenitor cell that participates in angiogenesis during development. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. 2011-02-28T04:43:41Z fibroblast of the aortic adventitia A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the heart. 2011-02-28T04:57:44Z cardiac fibroblast fibroblast of cardiac tissue A fibroblast that is part of the heart. GOC:tfm 2011-02-28T05:05:33Z fibroblast of dermis A fibroblast that is part of lung. 2011-02-28T05:11:03Z BTO:0000764 CALOHA:TS-0575 fibroblast of lung A fibroblast that is part of lung. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. 2011-02-28T05:22:27Z fibroblast of pulmonary artery A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the intestine. 2011-03-01T05:18:31Z intestinal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord. 2011-03-01T09:55:12Z mesenchymal stem cell of umbilical cord A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. 2011-03-01T09:57:17Z mesenchymal stem cell of adipose mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. 2011-03-01T09:58:51Z hepatic mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. 2011-03-01T10:40:27Z vertebral mesenchymal stem cell A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. GOC:tfm A stromal cell of the pancreas. 2011-03-02T02:40:41Z stromal cell of pancreas A stromal cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the placenta. 2011-03-02T03:21:30Z placental epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the placenta. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. KUPO:0001016 renal cortical epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the kidney cortex. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. 2011-03-06T03:28:27Z retinal blood vessel endothelial cell A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. 2011-03-06T05:00:58Z smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. GOC:tfm A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. 2011-03-06T05:01:20Z smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:28Z BTO:0003336 smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:48Z smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:52Z smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. GOC:tfm Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:56Z smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. 2011-03-06T05:43:24Z KUPO:0001122 smooth muscle cell of bladder A smooth muscle cell of the bladder. GC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. 2011-03-06T05:48:17Z smooth muscle cell of the esophagus A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the uterus. 2011-03-06T05:53:28Z uterine smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the uterus. GOC:tfm A neuron of the raphe nuclei. 2011-03-06T07:42:06Z raphe nuclei neuron A neuron of the raphe nuclei. GOC:tfm A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. 2011-03-06T07:46:03Z neuron of the ventral spinal cord A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of skin. 2011-03-14T12:31:49Z BTO:0001255 CALOHA:TS-0935 skin fibroblast A fibroblast of skin. GOC:tfm A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. 2011-03-15T11:59:23Z seminiferous tubule epithelial cell A cell of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. GOC:tfm 2011-06-21T12:29:31Z epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. 2011-07-08T03:54:08Z FMA:86489 glandular cell of endometrium A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2011-07-08T03:55:57Z FMA:86548 glandular cell of esophagus A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. 2011-07-08T04:03:01Z FMA:87194 glandular cell of the large intestine A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. 2011-07-11T01:20:35Z CALOHA:TS-1284 FMA:86554 glandular cell of stomach A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. 2011-07-11T02:45:39Z FMA:83389 myocardial endocrine cell of atrium A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. 2011-07-11T03:15:38Z cardiovascular progenitor cell cardioblast A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. GOC:tfm PMID:19745164 cardiovascular progenitor cell PMID:17519333 PMID:19745164 A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. 2011-08-16T02:38:01Z retinal progenitor cell A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. GOC:tfm PMID:20959166 PMID:21148186 A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. 2011-08-22T09:24:15Z neural crest derived neuroblast A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17407019 A PP cell found in intestine. 2011-09-27T11:59:01Z PP cell of intestine A PP cell found in intestine. GOC:tfm PMID:2420136 PMID:728970 A cell that is part of a cortex of kidney. 2011-10-25T03:49:41Z kidney cortical cell A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. spinal cord interneuron A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. CL:CVS A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system. renal principal cell A cuboidal epithelial cell of the kidney which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The activity of sodium and potassium channels on the apical membrane of the cell is regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin. In mammals this cell type is located in the renal collecting duct system. CL:CVS A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. somatic motor neuron somatomotor neuron A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. ZFIN:CVS Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. hepatoblast Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. GOC:CVS PMID:18356246 PMID:20483998 PMID:26798363 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-6740 Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z scleroblast skeletogenic cell Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). GO_REF:0000034 scleroblast GO_REF:0000034 Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z premigratory neural crest cell Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. UBERONREF:0000002 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z prechondroblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. GO_REF:0000034 Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. non-striated muscle cell Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. GOC:DOS Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. hematopoietic precursor cell Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. GOC:dos A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. MESH:D018485 skeletal muscle fiber A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. FBbt:00005070 visceral muscle cell A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. GOC:dos A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. GOC:dos A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. transversely striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. GOC:dos A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. adult skeletal muscle myoblast A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. PMID:23303905 A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. mesenchyme cell mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. endocardial cushion cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. PMID:18816864 An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. pancreatic endocrine cell An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. GOC:dos A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. noradrenergic neuron A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. GOC:dos 2017-07-09T19:12:36Z visual system neuron Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. 2020-02-29T17:33:55Z mural cell Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194 2020-02-29T17:37:00Z microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. spinal sensory neuron sensory neuron of spinal nerve A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. GOC:nv GOC:pr Any cell in the compound eye, a light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. GOC:pr PMID:12021768 compound eye retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. PMID:10702418 retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. GOC:pr An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. small intestine enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of small intestine An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. lamina propria lymphocyte of large intestine lymphocyte of large intestine lamina propria A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the large intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A kidney cortical cell that is part of the nephrogenic zone. cortical nephrogenic niche cell cortical nephrogenic zone cell nephrogenic zone cell A kidney cortical cell that is part of the nephrogenic zone. PMID:29449449 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-0115 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of large intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. mesothelial cell of small intestine A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. mesothelial cell of colon A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. stromal cell of colon lamina propria stromal cell of lamina propria of colon A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. colon enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of colon An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are the effector compartments of the gut mucosal immune system. Lymphocytes circulate through gut associated lymphoid tissues until recruitment by intestinal antigens. They are involved in the gut immune response. gastrointestinal tract (lamina propria) lymphocyte of small intestine lamina propria lymphocyte of small intestine small intestine lamina propria lymphocyte lymphocyte of small intestine lamina propria A lymphocyte that resides in the lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria leukocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are the effector compartments of the gut mucosal immune system. Lymphocytes circulate through gut associated lymphoid tissues until recruitment by intestinal antigens. They are involved in the gut immune response. PMID:26551552 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A T cell that is located in the anorectum. T cell of anorectum A T cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of anorectum A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. stromal cell of anorectum lamina propria A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of anorectum An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland. EFO:0010710 endometrial glandular epithelial cell epithelial cell of endometrial gland An epithelial cell that is part of an endometrial gland. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. EFO:0010708 placental endothelial cell endothelial cell of placenta An endothelial cell that is part of a placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. EFO:0010709 placental smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of placenta A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. EFO:0010704 endothelial cell of hepatic portal vein An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. PMID:30348985 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus. EFO:0010711 uterine endothelial cell endothelial cell of uterus An endothelial cell that is part of a uterus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. embryonic skeletal muscle fiber A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. PMID:32094117 PMID:7196501 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-601X A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. hepatic portal fibroblast A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. PMID:20209607 PMID:24814904 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow stromal cell stromal cell of bone marrow An epithelial cell that is part_of a umbilical artery. umbilical artery epithelial cell epithelial cell of umbilical artery A mononuclear cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow mononuclear cell mononuclear cell of bone marrow cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell His-Purkinje system cell cardiac endothelial cell camera type eye photoreceptor cell camera-type eye photoreceptor cell A zygote in a plant or an animal. MESH:D015053 zygote cardiac glial cell MESH:D032386 cardiac myoblast A neuron that has its soma in the heart. cardiac neuron A neuron that has its soma in the heart. PMID:12486170 PMID:29265764 A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. spinal cord motor neuron A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. GOC:nv A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. paraxial mesoderm cell somitic mesoderm cell paraxial cell A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. GOC:NV PMID:11687492 A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. neural crest cell A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). motile sperm cell A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). PMID:30612620 A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion. flagellated sperm cell A motile sperm cell that contains a slender threadlike microscopic appendage that enables motion. PMID:30612620 https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/flagellum A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium. mesothelial cell of epicardium A fibroblast that is part of upper back skin. fibroblast of upper back skin A fibroblast that is part of skin of back. fibroblast of skin of back A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. progenitor cell A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. ISBN:978-1-62808-994-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409503-8.00002-0 Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. skeleton muscle fibroblast skeletal muscle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. PMID:28369879 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-0667 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. DMEC cell dermal microvascular endothelium cell dermal microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. BTO:0004574 CL:patterns/cellPartOfAnatomicalEntity Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. chorionic trophoblast cell Cells of the uterine chorion that acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer. GOC:NV Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. colonic epithelial cell colon epithelial cell Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. GOC:NV A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. precursor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. GOC:dos Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. 2010-05-25T01:36:34Z neutrophillic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, pale-pink, with Wright-Giemsa stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. 2009-12-22T04:23:25Z acidophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. 2009-12-22T04:24:54Z basophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. 2009-12-28T04:25:23Z polychromatophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. smooth muscle cell of blood vessel blood vessel smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. PMID:9108778 An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. large bile duct cholangiocyte extrahepatic cholangiocyte An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. PMID:23720296 large bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. EFO:0010705 periportal LSEC periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 periportal LSEC PMID:28287163 periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. EFO:0010706 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell pericentral LSEC endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 pericentral LSEC PMID:28287163 pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell stomach neuroendocrine cell A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. pulmonary neuroendocrine cell lung neuroendocrine cell A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Lung neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Lung neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. PMID:33355253 doi:10.3109/01902148209069653 doi:10.7554/eLife.78216 pulmonary neuroendocrine cell PMID:33355253 lung ciliated cell lung secretory cell trophectoderm cell trophectodermal cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. FMA:15050 non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine smooth muscle cell of small intestine A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine FMA:15050 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. FMA:15058 non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum smooth muscle fiber of duodenum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum FMA:15058 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. FMA:15653 non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine smooth muscle cell of large intestine A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine FMA:15653 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. FMA:15663 non-striated muscle fiber of colon smooth muscle cell of colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of colon FMA:15663 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. FMA:17521 non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon smooth muscle cell of sigmoid colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon FMA:17521 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. FMA:17522 non-striated muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle cell of rectum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of rectum FMA:17522 An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra. FMA:256165 epithelial cell of urethra An epithelial cell that is part of the urethra. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. FMA:261279 fibroblast of areolar connective tissue A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. FMA:261285 fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. FMA:261287 fibroblast of dense regular elastic tissue A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. GOC:tfm An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. FMA:261293 adipocyte of epicardial fat epicardial fat cell epicardial adipocyte An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. GOC:tfm adipocyte of epicardial fat FMA:261293 epicardial fat cell FMA:261293 An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. FMA:261297 epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle epicardial fat cell of right ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle FMA:261297 epicardial fat cell of right ventricle FMA:261297 An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. FMA:261300 epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle epicardial fat cell of left ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle FMA:261300 epicardial fat cell of left ventricle FMA:261300 A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. FMA:263152 transitional myocyte of interatrial septum A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263154 transitional myocyte of interventricular septum A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263182 Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. BTO:000125 FMA:62911 LSEC endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid liver sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. GOC:tfm PMID:3926620 LSEC PMID:30348985 endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid FMA:62911 liver sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 SA nodal myocyte SA node cardiac muscle cell sinoatrial node cell sinoatrial node myocyte sinuatrial node myocyte myocyte of sinoatrial node A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 GOC:tfm SA nodal myocyte FMA:67102 SA node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr sinoatrial node cell GOC:pr sinuatrial node myocyte FMA:67102 A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 AV nodal myocyte AV node cardiac muscle cell AV node cell atrioventricular node cell atrioventricular node myocyte myocyte of atrioventricular node A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 GOC:tfm AV nodal myocyte FMA:67106 AV node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr AV node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node myocyte FMA:67106 An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. FMA:67760 KUPO:0001097 endothelial cell of arteriole An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. BTO:0004758 FMA:67761 KUPO:0001095 arterial endothelial cell endothelial cell of artery A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. FMA:67762 endothelial cell of venule An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. FMA:67780 epithelial cell of gallbladder An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. GOC:tfm A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. FMA:70541 epidermal stem cell stem cell of epidermis A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. GOC:tfm epidermal stem cell FMA:70541 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. FMA:70610 smooth muscle cell of ciliary body ciliary muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. GOC:tfm smooth muscle cell of ciliary body FMA:70610 A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. FMA:70615 mesothelial cell of anterior chamber of eye A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. FMA:70965 epithelial cell of nephron An epithelial cell that is part of the nephron. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. FMA:70982 KUPO:0001059 epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule kidney collecting duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of the collecting duct of renal tubule. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of renal collecting tubule FMA:70982 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. FMA:72142 mesothelial cell of parietal peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. FMA:72143 mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:83384 transitinal myocyte of sinuatrial node transitional myocyte of sinoatrial node A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:83386 Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:83390 myocardial endocrine cell of interventricular septum A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. FMA:86481 epithelial cell of bile duct cholangiocyte An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. GOC:tfm PMID:16550043 PMID:18356246 A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. FMA:86736 peritoneal mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. GOC:tfm peritoneal mesothelial cell FMA:86736 A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. FMA:86737 pleural mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. GOC:tfm pleural mesothelial cell FMA:86737 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. FMA:86738 mesothelial cell of parietal pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. FMA:86739 mesothelial cell of visceral pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule. FMA:86785 KUPO:0001022 kidney tubule epithelial cell nephron tubule epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a nephron tubule. GOC:tfm A cell that is part of a kidney. KUPO:0001010 kidney cell A cell that is part of kidney interstitium. KUPO:0001013 kidney interstitial cell A cell that is part of a renal pelvis. KUPO:0001018 kidney pelvis cell A cell that is part of a nephron tubule. KUPO:0001020 kidney tubule cell An epithelial cell that is part of a cortical collecting duct. KUPO:0001063 kidney cortex collecting duct epithelial cell KUPO:0001115 lower urinary tract cell KUPO:0001116 ureteral cell KUPO:0001015 kidney nerve cell KUPO:0001091 kidney cortex interstitial cell KUPO:0001102 kidney interstitial fibroblast KUPO:0001113 kidney pelvis smooth muscle cell KUPO:0001119 ureter adventitial cell KUPO:0001130 kidney cortex collecting duct principal cell KUPO:0001118 ureter smooth muscle cell A cell that is part of a collecting duct of renal tubule. KUPO:0001012 Wikipedia:Kidney_collecting_duct_cell kidney collecting duct cell KUPO:0001120 bladder cell KUPO:0001123 urethra cell KUPO:0001128 kidney collecting duct principal cell An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. FMA:70986 exocrine pancreas cell epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. GOC:tfm The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. intestinal enteroendocrine cell The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. MP:0010802 lung endothelial cell BTO:0001141 pulmonary artery endothelial cell A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. CALOHA:TS-2397 colon endothelial cell A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. NPX:PDR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Squamous cell of oral epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous cell Squamous cell of oral epithelium. NPX:PDR Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1274 colon glandular cell Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. CALOHA:TS-1275 duodenum glandular cell Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. NPX:PDR Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1276 epididymis glandular cell Glandular cell of epididymal epithelium. NPX:PDR Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells. CALOHA:TS-1277 oviduct glandular cell oviduct secretory cell Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1278 gall bladder glandular cell gallbladder glandular cell Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. NPX:PDR gall bladder glandular cell FMA:7202 Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1281 rectum glandular cell Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1283 seminal vesicle glandular cell Glandular cell of seminal vesicle epithelium. NPX:PDR A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . CALOHA:TS-1286 FMA:86928 small intestine glandular cell A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell NPX:PDR Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-1242 pancreas exocrine glandular cell Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR Fibroblast from muscle organ. CALOHA:TS-0643 muscle fibroblast Fibroblast from muscle organ. NPX:PDR Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow hematopoietic cell Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. NPX:PDR An epithelial cell that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules. secretory epithelial cell secretory epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules. A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. 2014-02-11T17:29:04Z CL:2000001 peripheral blood mononuclear cell A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood. GOC:TermGenie A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. 2014-02-20T23:06:41Z BTO:0002770 BTO:0005756 NCIT:C32429 decidua cell decidual stromal cell CL:2000002 decidual cell A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. BTO:0002770 NCIT:C32429 PMID:30013421 PMID:30429548 Wiki:Decidual_cells&oldid=937509751 Wiki:Decidualization&oldid=908981933 decidua cell BTO:0002770 NCIT:C32429 decidual stromal cell BTO:0005756 PMID:11719592 Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. 2014-06-04T15:07:42Z CL:2000008 microvascular endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. 2014-06-04T15:12:06Z CL:2000010 dermis blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. 2014-06-04T15:18:16Z CL:2000013 fibroblast of skin of abdomen Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. 2014-06-04T16:00:56Z CL:2000016 lung microvascular endothelial cell Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. 2014-06-24T23:16:45Z FBbt:00004211 CL:2000019 compound eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. 2014-06-24T23:16:53Z CL:2000020 inner cell mass cell Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z CL:2000022 cardiac septum cell Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. GOC:TermGenie Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z CL:2000029 central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. GOC:TermGenie A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. 2014-06-25T02:28:17Z FMA:84664 PNS neuron peripheral neuron CL:2000032 peripheral nervous system neuron A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. GOC:TermGenie ISBN:0721662544 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. 2014-07-09T00:04:47Z CL:2000040 bladder microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a urinary bladder. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. 2014-07-09T00:12:00Z CL:2000042 embryonic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. 2014-07-09T00:24:53Z CL:2000044 brain microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. GOC:TermGenie Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. 2014-08-12T20:50:28Z CL:2000046 ventricular cardiac muscle cell Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. 2014-10-02T23:52:53Z CL:2000047 brainstem motor neuron Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. 2014-10-06T18:58:47Z CL:2000051 splenic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord. 2014-10-06T19:01:48Z CL:2000052 umbilical artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a umbilical cord. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. 2014-10-06T19:06:04Z CL:2000053 splenic endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver. 2014-10-06T19:16:11Z hepatic dendritic cell CL:2000055 liver dendritic cell Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta. 2014-10-07T17:51:11Z CL:2000061 placental amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell Any mesenchymal stem cell that is part of a placenta. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. 2014-10-07T17:57:42Z CL:2000063 ovarian fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. 2014-10-07T17:59:13Z CL:2000064 ovarian surface epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a female urethra. 2014-10-07T18:18:01Z CL:2000065 ovarian microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a female urethra. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. 2014-10-07T18:35:38Z CL:2000066 cardiac ventricle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. 2014-10-07T18:36:54Z CL:2000067 cardiac atrium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. 2014-10-07T18:38:06Z CL:2000068 pericardium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. 2014-10-07T18:41:43Z CL:2000069 gallbladder fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. 2014-10-07T18:50:43Z CL:2000070 optic choroid fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. 2014-10-07T22:13:45Z CL:2000072 adipose microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. GOC:TermGenie Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. 2014-11-05T01:18:43Z cardiac neural crest cell CL:2000073 migratory cardiac neural crest cell Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. GOC:TermGenie cardiac neural crest cell PMID:33060096 Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. 2014-11-05T01:26:50Z CL:2000074 splenocyte Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. 2014-12-02T19:10:34Z mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose CL:2000080 mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord. 2014-12-02T20:14:16Z CL:2000085 mononuclear cell of umbilical cord Any mononuclear cell that is part of a umbilical cord. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a endometrial blood vessel. 2015-03-31T21:02:36Z CL:2000091 endometrial microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a endometrial blood vessel. GOC:TermGenie Any hematopoietic stem cell that is part of a umbilical cord blood. 2015-05-26T18:58:34Z CL:2000095 cord blood hematopoietic stem cell Any hematopoietic stem cell that is part of a umbilical cord blood. GOC:TermGenie A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2019-02-09T16:40:30Z CL:3000000 ciliated epithelial cell of esophagus A ciliated epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:29802404 Peripheral sensory neuron. 2019-02-25T19:34:33Z CL:3000004 peripheral sensory neuron Peripheral sensory neuron. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:30096314 A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. brain vascular cell A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. midbrain-derived inhibitory neuron A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. somatosensory neuron A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. PMID:22865660 Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a lung. 2021-11-23T02:31:40Z lung capillary endothelial cell pulmonary capillary endothelial cell A fibroblast that is located in the renal cortical interstitium. kidney cortical fibroblast renal cortical fibroblast A fibroblast that is located in the renal cortical interstitium. PMID:10559635 A lymphocyte located in blood. blood lymphocyte A lymphocyte located in blood. Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes. interstitial cell Any cell that is located within the interstitium between the cells most prominent in defining a given tissue. "Interstitial cell" is a morphological term and refers to a variety of cells with differing origins and phenotypes. PMID:24987007 A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. ciliated cell of the respiratory tract respiratory ciliated cell A ciliated cell of the respiratory system. Ciliated cells are present in airway epithelium. PMID:18757316 PMID:21364219 A ciliated cell of the endometrial epithelium. The cilia of this cell type help move mucus from glandular tissue of the endometrium. ciliated cell of the endometrium endometrium ciliated epithelial cell endometrial ciliated epithelial cell A ciliated cell of the endometrial epithelium. The cilia of this cell type help move mucus from glandular tissue of the endometrium. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1040-z https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/single+cell+type/Glandular+epithelial+cells#endometrialciliatedcells An epithelial cell that is part of a ureteric bud. A ureteric bud cell has the potential to induce metanephric mesenchymal cells to proliferate and convert to epithelia that form renal tubules via: (1) the secretion of multiple diffusible growth factors that rescue renal progenitors from apoptosis and stimulate them to proliferate and (2) contact-dependent mechanisms that induce mesenchymal-epithelial conversion. ureteric bud cell PMID:9374839 An epithelial cell that is part of a ureteric bud. A ureteric bud cell has the potential to induce metanephric mesenchymal cells to proliferate and convert to epithelia that form renal tubules via: (1) the secretion of multiple diffusible growth factors that rescue renal progenitors from apoptosis and stimulate them to proliferate and (2) contact-dependent mechanisms that induce mesenchymal-epithelial conversion. PMID:17133361 PMID:24183650 PMID:9374839 A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. vein endothelial cell of respiratory system A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. PMID:34030460 A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. lung resident megakaryocyte lung-resident megakaryocyte lung megakaryocyte A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. PMID:33351116 lung resident megakaryocyte PMID:36524131 lung-resident megakaryocyte PMID:36524131 A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. catecholaminergic neuron A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. ISBN:0521442516 PMID:12094209 A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. perivascular cell A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. PMID:24928499 PMID:27889329 An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. endothelial cell of central vein of liver An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. PMID:28287163 Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. OAMSC Orbital ASCs orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. OAMSC PMID:31377878 Orbital ASCs PMID:30210548 orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell PMID:31377878 A material entity that consists of two or more atoms that are all connected via covalent bonds such that any atom can be transitively connected with any other atom. protein COB:0000013 molecule A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome protein COB:0000022 organism organism The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. Wikipedia:Reproduction reproductive physiological process biological_process GO:0000003 reproduction The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton. biological_process GO:0000011 vacuole inheritance The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton. GOC:mcc PMID:10873824 PMID:14616069 The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. mitotic chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC:ai GOC:jl The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus membrane cellular_component GO:0000139 Golgi membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. microtubule cytoskeleton organisation biological_process GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. cellular_component GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact. GOC:dph GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. glycan biosynthesis glycan biosynthetic process polysaccharide anabolism polysaccharide biosynthesis polysaccharide formation polysaccharide synthesis biological_process GO:0000271 polysaccharide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. polysaccharide breakdown polysaccharide catabolism polysaccharide degradation biological_process GO:0000272 polysaccharide catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. PMID:33139480 Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. Wikipedia:Mitosis biological_process GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Reactome:69278 The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. biological_process GO:0000280 nuclear division The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. GOC:mah A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle. cellular_component GO:0000313 organellar ribosome A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle. GOC:mah GOC:mcc The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. biological_process GO:0000578 embryonic axis specification The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus. biological_process GO:0000740 nuclear membrane fusion The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus. GOC:elh The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. Wikipedia:Karyogamy nuclear fusion nuclear fusion during karyogamy biological_process GO:0000741 karyogamy The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. GOC:elh The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. biological_process GO:0000768 syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. GOC:mtg_muscle GOC:tb The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. NIF_Subcellular:sao1615953555 cellular_component GO:0000785 chromatin The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. GOC:elh PMID:20404130 A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. NIF_Subcellular:sao581845896 Wikipedia:Heterochromatin transcriptionally inactive chromatin transcriptionally silent chromatin cellular_component GO:0000792 heterochromatin A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription. PMID:32017156 The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. biological_process GO:0000819 sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai GOC:elh The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. cellular morphogenesis biological_process GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. GOC:clt GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. biological_process GO:0001101 response to acid chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. GOC:go_curators GOC:rn The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). skeletal development biological_process GO:0001501 skeletal system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. Wikipedia:Ossification bone biosynthesis bone formation osteogenesis biological_process GO:0001503 ossification The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. GOC:mtg_mpo PMID:17572649 A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. biological_process GO:0001508 action potential A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. Wikipedia:Angiogenesis biological_process GO:0001525 angiogenesis Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. ISBN:0878932453 Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. ciliary/flagellar motility biological_process GO:0001539 cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. GOC:cilia GOC:hjd GOC:krc The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation. Wikipedia:Luteal_phase Wikipedia:Luteinization biological_process GO:0001553 luteinization The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/ The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. biological_process GO:0001555 oocyte growth The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. Wikipedia:Oocyte_maturation biological_process GO:0001556 oocyte maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. GOC:devbiol https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. biological_process GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. biological_process GO:0001568 blood vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. GOC:hjd UBERON:0001981 The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. biological_process GO:0001569 branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. GOC:dph The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. Wikipedia:Vasculogenesis vascular morphogenesis biological_process GO:0001570 vasculogenesis The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. PMID:8999798 A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. microtubule bundling biological_process GO:0001578 microtubule bundle formation A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. Wikipedia:Eye_development biological_process GO:0001654 eye development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. GOC:jid GOC:jl The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. biological_process GO:0001655 urogenital system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:go_curators The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. biological_process GO:0001656 metanephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. GOC:bf ISBN:0192800752 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. biological_process GO:0001657 ureteric bud development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:go_curators The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. ureteric bud branching biological_process GO:0001658 branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. GOC:dph PMID:16916378 ureteric bud branching GOC:dph A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. Wikipedia:Thermoregulation thermoregulation biological_process GO:0001659 temperature homeostasis A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. GOC:jl thermoregulation GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. response to hypoxic stress response to lowered oxygen tension biological_process GO:0001666 response to hypoxia Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. GOC:hjd Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. ameboid cell migration amoeboid cell migration amoeboidal cell migration biological_process GO:0001667 ameboidal-type cell migration Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. GOC:dph A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome. Wikipedia:Acrosome acrosomal granule acrosome cellular_component GO:0001669 acrosomal vesicle A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome. ISBN:0124325653 ISBN:0198506732 acrosomal granule GOC:sart acrosome GOC:dph The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males. male germ-cell nucleus cellular_component GO:0001673 male germ cell nucleus The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males. CL:0000015 GOC:hjd GOC:mtg_sensu The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females. female germ-cell nucleus cellular_component GO:0001674 female germ cell nucleus The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females. CL:0000021 GOC:hjd The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. acrosome formation biological_process GO:0001675 acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. GOC:dph GOC:hjd GOC:tb acrosome formation GOC:dph GOC:tb Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). translation initiation ternary complex assembly biological_process GO:0001677 formation of translation initiation ternary complex Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). GOC:hjd The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. biological_process GO:0001696 gastric acid secretion The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. GOC:hjd The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process GO:0001700 embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. biological_process GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_sensu A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. deuterostomic gastrulation biological_process GO:0001702 gastrulation with mouth forming second A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_sensu deuterostomic gastrulation GOC:dph The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. biological_process GO:0001704 formation of primary germ layer The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. biological_process GO:0001705 ectoderm formation The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. biological_process GO:0001706 endoderm formation The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. GOC:go_curators The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. biological_process GO:0001707 mesoderm formation The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. GOC:go_curators The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye. biological_process GO:0001743 lens placode formation The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye. GOC:dph The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. insect-type retina morphogenesis biological_process GO:0001745 compound eye morphogenesis The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position. An example of compound eye morphogenesis is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_sensu insect-type retina morphogenesis PMID:11735386 The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. biological_process GO:0001751 compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. GOC:go_curators The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. biological_process GO:0001754 eye photoreceptor cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms. GOC:go_curators The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. biological_process GO:0001755 neural crest cell migration The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb ISBN:0878932437 The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. Wikipedia:Somitogenesis biological_process GO:0001756 somitogenesis The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. ISBN:0721662544 The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. branching morphogenesis biological_process GO:0001763 morphogenesis of a branching structure The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. ISBN:0721662544 branching morphogenesis GOC:dph The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. Wikipedia:Neural_development#Neuron_migration Wikipedia:Neuron_migration neuron chemotaxis neuronal migration biological_process GO:0001764 neuron migration The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. CL:0000540 GOC:go_curators The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell. lymphocyte polarization biological_process GO:0001767 establishment of lymphocyte polarity The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell. GOC:mgi_curators PMID:11244041 PMID:12615889 The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell. T cell polarization T lymphocyte polarization T-cell polarization establishment of T lymphocyte polarity establishment of T-cell polarity establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity biological_process GO:0001768 establishment of T cell polarity The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell. GOC:mgi_curators PMID:11244041 PMID:12615889 A multicellular organismal process by which exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand results in a change in the morphology or behavior of a cell. biological_process GO:0001775 cell activation A multicellular organismal process by which exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand results in a change in the morphology or behavior of a cell. GOC:mgi_curators The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. immune cell homeostasis leucocyte homeostasis biological_process GO:0001776 leukocyte homeostasis The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus. T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation T-cell homeostatic proliferation T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation resting T cell proliferation resting T-cell proliferation biological_process GO:0001777 T cell homeostatic proliferation The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. biological_process GO:0001816 cytokine production The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. regulation of cytokine anabolism regulation of cytokine biosynthesis regulation of cytokine formation regulation of cytokine synthesis biological_process GO:0001817 regulation of cytokine production Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine. down regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process down regulation of cytokine production down-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process down-regulation of cytokine production downregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process downregulation of cytokine production negative regulation of cytokine anabolism negative regulation of cytokine biosynthesis negative regulation of cytokine formation negative regulation of cytokine synthesis biological_process GO:0001818 negative regulation of cytokine production Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. up regulation of cytokine production up-regulation of cytokine production upregulation of cytokine production biological_process GO:0001819 positive regulation of cytokine production Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. 5-HT secretion 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion biological_process GO:0001820 serotonin secretion The regulated release of serotonin by a cell. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells. GOC:ef ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0781735149 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. Wikipedia:Kidney_development biological_process GO:0001822 kidney development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0721662544 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. Wolffian body development biological_process GO:0001823 mesonephros development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0721662544 PMID:10535314 Wolffian body development GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. biological_process GO:0001824 blastocyst development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula. biological_process GO:0001825 blastocyst formation The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. biological_process GO:0001826 inner cell mass cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. trophectoderm cell differentiation biological_process GO:0001829 trophectodermal cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. trophectoderm cellular morphogenesis biological_process GO:0001831 trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation. biological_process GO:0001832 blastocyst growth An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass. biological_process GO:0001833 inner cell mass cell proliferation The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm. trophectoderm cell proliferation biological_process GO:0001834 trophectodermal cell proliferation The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm. GOC:dph ISBN:0124020607 ISBN:0198542771 A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell biological_process GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. GOC:dph PMID:14701881 mesenchymal cell differentiation from epithelial cell GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:rl The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. biological_process GO:0001838 embryonic epithelial tube formation The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure. GOC:dph ISBN:0824072820 The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue. biological_process GO:0001839 neural plate morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue. GOC:dph ISBN:0878932437 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. biological_process GO:0001840 neural plate development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. GOC:dph GOC:ef ISBN:0878932437 ISBN:0878932585 The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. Wikipedia:Neurulation neural tube morphogenesis neurulation biological_process GO:0001841 neural tube formation The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. GOC:dph ISBN:0878932437 neural tube morphogenesis GOC:dph The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove. biological_process GO:0001842 neural fold formation The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove. GOC:dph ISBN:0878932437 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species. biological_process GO:0001878 response to yeast Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species. PMID:14707091 The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. biological_process GO:0001885 endothelial cell development The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:dph The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell. biological_process GO:0001886 endothelial cell morphogenesis The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. biological_process GO:0001889 liver development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. GOC:add ISBN:068340007X The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. placental development placentation biological_process GO:0001890 placenta development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. GOC:add ISBN:068340007X placentation GOC:dph GOC:tb The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. fetal placenta development biological_process GO:0001892 embryonic placenta development The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. GOC:add ISBN:068340007X fetal placenta development GOC:dph Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. biological_process GO:0001893 maternal placenta development Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. GOC:add ISBN:068340007X The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. biological_process GO:0001935 endothelial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. biological_process GO:0001936 regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. down regulation of endothelial cell proliferation down-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation downregulation of endothelial cell proliferation biological_process GO:0001937 negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. up regulation of endothelial cell proliferation up-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation upregulation of endothelial cell proliferation biological_process GO:0001938 positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. GOC:add The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization. cellular_component GO:0001940 male pronucleus The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization. GOC:hjd ISBN:0198506732 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. biological_process GO:0001944 vasculature development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. GOC:dph UBERON:0002409 A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. biological_process GO:0001955 blood vessel maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. GOC:dph Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion biological_process GO:0001956 positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. GOC:hjd Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification biological_process GO:0001957 intramembranous ossification Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells. ISBN:0878932437 The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. epithelium morphogenesis biological_process GO:0002009 morphogenesis of an epithelium The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. biological_process GO:0002011 morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. cardiac chronotropy regulation of heart contraction rate regulation of rate of heart contraction biological_process GO:0002027 regulation of heart rate Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:10358008 cardiac chronotropy GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. regulation of Na+ transport regulation of sodium transport biological_process GO:0002028 regulation of sodium ion transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:dph Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. up regulation of neuroblast proliferation up-regulation of neuroblast proliferation upregulation of neuroblast proliferation biological_process GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. GOC:dph The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation biological_process GO:0002053 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. GOC:dph The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. biological_process GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. biological_process GO:0002063 chondrocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. biological_process GO:0002064 epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. GOC:dph The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. biological_process GO:0002065 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. biological_process GO:0002066 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GOC:dph The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. biological_process GO:0002067 glandular epithelial cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. biological_process GO:0002068 glandular epithelial cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. GOC:dph The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. biological_process GO:0002069 columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GOC:dph The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. biological_process GO:0002070 epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. GOC:dph The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. biological_process GO:0002071 glandular epithelial cell maturation The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. GOC:dph The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-style eye development biological_process GO:0002072 optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:sdb_2009 GOC:tb ISBN:0878932437 The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. cellular_component GO:0002080 acrosomal membrane The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. GOC:dph Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. biological_process GO:0002085 inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells. GOC:dph PMID:16678814 A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. neurological control of breathing regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process biological_process GO:0002087 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:12458206 neurological control of breathing GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. lens development lens development in camera-style eye biological_process GO:0002088 lens development in camera-type eye The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. GOC:dph ISBN:0582064333 The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. lens morphogenesis lens morphogenesis in camera-style eye biological_process GO:0002089 lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. biological_process GO:0002119 nematode larval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. GOC:ems GOC:kmv The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. biological_process GO:0002164 larval development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. GOC:jid ISBN:0877795088 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process GO:0002165 instar larval or pupal development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_sensu The multiplication or reproduction of male germ cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. 2010-11-18T02:35:14Z biological_process GO:0002176 male germ cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of male germ cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. GOC:hjd A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism. physiological defense response to insect biological_process GO:0002213 defense response to insect A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism. GOC:add A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recov