country: Spain
framework: GDPR
region: EU
language: es
version: 2024-06
status: published
last_updated: 2025-06-30
source_verified: true
authority: Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD)
notes:
- Spain enforces GDPR directly through Organic Law 3/2018 on the Protection of Personal
  Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights (LOPDGDD).
- The AEPD provides detailed sector-specific guidance, including on minors' data,
  education, health, and workplace surveillance.
categories:
- name: Full Name
  type: direct_identifier
  subtype: personal_name
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - pii
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: 4(1)
  category_tags:
  - core
  - identity
- name: Email Address
  type: direct_identifier
  subtype: digital_contact
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - pii
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: 4(1)
  category_tags:
  - core
  - contact
- name: Phone Number
  type: direct_identifier
  subtype: telecom_contact
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - pii
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: 4(1)
  category_tags:
  - core
  - contact
- name: IP Address
  type: indirect_identifier
  subtype: network_identifier
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - tracking
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    recital: '30'
  - authority: AEPD
    guideline: Guía sobre el uso de cookies
    url: https://www.aepd.es/sites/default/files/2020-07/guia-cookies.pdf
  category_tags:
  - digital
  - behavioral
- name: DNI / NIE (National ID or Foreigner ID)
  type: national_identifier
  subtype: government_id
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - pii
  - national_id
  - government_id
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: '87'
  - national_law: LOPDGDD
    article: '9'
    description: DNI and NIE are considered personal data under LOPDGDD
  category_tags:
  - identity
  - sensitive
- name: Health Data (medical history, prescriptions, diagnoses)
  type: special_category
  subtype: health
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - phi
  - sensitive
  - tracking
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: 9(1)
  - national_law: LOPDGDD
    article: '9'
  category_tags:
  - health
  - sensitive
- name: Biometric Data (e.g., facial recognition, fingerprints)
  type: special_category
  subtype: biometric
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - biometric
  - sensitive
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: 9(1)
  category_tags:
  - biometric
  - sensitive
- name: Location Data (real-time GPS, transport tracking)
  type: behavioral
  subtype: geolocation
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - tracking
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: 4(1)
    description: May contribute to personal identification
  category_tags:
  - tracking
  - digital
- name: Cookie Identifiers / Device Fingerprints
  type: indirect_identifier
  subtype: device_id
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - tracking
  - online_identifier
  - pii
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    recital: '30'
  - authority: AEPD
    guideline: Cookies Guide
    url: https://www.aepd.es/sites/default/files/2020-07/guia-cookies.pdf
  category_tags:
  - digital
  - tracking
- name: Employment Records (contract, payroll, evaluations)
  type: contextual_identifier
  subtype: hr_data
  required_masking: true
  tags:
  - pii
  - hr_data
  - employment_records
  citations:
  - regulation: GDPR
    article: '88'
  - national_law: LOPDGDD
    article: '20'
    description: Allows processing of employment data under specific lawful conditions
  category_tags:
  - employment
  - sensitive