]> Supply Chain Ontology The IOF Supply Chain Ontology aims to represent the generic constructs (including classes and properties) related to the domain of supply chain and logistics. The Supply Chain Ontology uses BFO as the top-level ontology and IOF Core as the mid-level ontology. The purpose of the ontology is to serve as a foundation for ensuring consistency and interoperability across various supply chain and logistics ontologies that use IOF reference ontologies. Ali Hasanzadeh, Arizona State University Arkopaul Sarkar, National Institute of Standards and Technology Boonserm Kulvatanyou, NIST Dusan Sormaz, Ohio University Evan Wallace, NIST Farhad Ameri, Arizona State University Jim Logan, Ontogenesis Milos Drobnjakovic, NIST IOF Supply Chain Working Group http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT Industrial Ontology Foundry Industrial Ontology Foundry (IOF) Supply Chain Ontology The https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/202401/supplychain/SupplyChain/ version of this ontology was modified to deprecate four constructs, namely, Gain of Role, Loss of Role, Group of Persons, and Artifact Function. These constructs are moved to the IOF Core ontology (https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/202401/core/Core/). The deprecated constructs are linked to the IOF Core equivalent constructs using owl:equivalentClass.

SCO

airway https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Airway #B9 (Blue 9) that connects the Southern Florida mainland to Marathon Key

a series of abstract GPS points that create designated routes which aeroplanes fly to aid in navigation and help with separation to avoid accidents An airway is based on a centerline that extends from one navigation aid or intersection to another navigation aid (or through several navigation aids or intersections); used to establish a known route for en route procedures between terminal areas [Federal Aviation Administration - FAA] a control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor equipped with radio navigation aids [EUROCONTROL EATM Glossary of Terms] Airways are defined with segments within a specific altitude block, corridor width, and between fixed geographic coordinates for satellites navigation system, or between ground-based radio transmitter navigational aids (navaids; such as VORs or NDBs) or the intersection of specific radials of two navaids (Wikipedia)

Airway(x) → ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion (x)

true

three-dimensional spatial region that connects one specified location (navigation point) to another at a specified altitude, along which an aircraft may be flown

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is an 'airway' then x is a 'three-dimensional spatial region'

air route

appraisal process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a food critic rating the quality of a restaurant's ambiance, service, and food;a mechanic assessing whether a damaged vehicle is repairable; an insurance agent appraising the financial value of a building

CCO

AppraisalProcess(x) → MeasurementProcess(x)

true

measurement process that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality of some entity

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is an 'appraisal process' then x is a 'measurement process'

arrival process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process during which a truck enters the facility of the receiver

ArrivalProcess(x) → MaterialLocationChangeProcess(x) ∧ ∃y(TravelProcess(y) ∨ TransportProcess(y)) ∧ occurrentPartOf(x,y) ∧ ∃z∃z1∃t(TemporalRegion(z) ∧ TemporalRegion(z1) ∧ TemporalInstant(t)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,z1) ∧ lastInstantOf(t,z1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t)

true

material location change process that consists of the participating entity reaching its destination such that the travel or transport process which it is a part of is completed

To provide the necessary and sufficient conditions, the relationships representing Allen's Interval Algebra elements are needed.

if x is an 'arrival process' then x is a 'material location change process' that is 'occurent part of' some 'transport process' or 'travel process' y and that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal region' z which has 'last instant of' the temporal region of y as occurent part

bill of lading https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Bill of Lading related to transportation of 2200 gallons of antifreeze from a shipper's location to a receiver/consignee's location by a carrier.

BOL

A carrier’s contract and receipt for goods the carrier agrees to transport from one place to another and to deliver to a designated person. In case of loss, damage, or delay, the bill of lading is the basis for filing freight claims [APICS]. A transportation document that is the contract of carriage containing the terms and conditions between the shipper and carrier [CSCMP].

CommercialServiceAgreement (x) ∧ ∃c∃y∃z(ConsigningProcess(c) ∧ ConsignorRole(y) ∧ CarrierRole(z) ∧ isAbout(x,c) ∧ prescribes(x,y) ∧ prescribes(x,z)) → BillofLading(x)

true

agreement between a shipper and a carrier that prescribes some consigning process

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

If x is an 'commercial service agreement' that 'is about' some 'consigning process' and that 'prescribes' some 'consignor role' and some 'carrier role' then x is a 'bill of lading'

cargo https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ All articles, goods, materials, merchandise, or wares carried onboard an aircraft, ship, train, or truck, and for which an air waybill, or bill of lading, or other receipt is issued by the carrier

1- A product shipped in an aircraft, railroad car, ship, barge, or truck [APICS]. 2- Subject of a shipment. The materials being carried [CSCMP].

Cargo(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(CargoRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

material entity that is transported using a transport equipment by a carrier

every instance of 'cargo' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'cargo role'

cargo role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of pallets of aluminum ingots when they are being transported on a train

CargoRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃m∃p∃c(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ TransportProcess(p) ∧ Carrier(c) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ agentIn(c,p) ∧ roleOf (x,m))

true

role held by a material entity when it is being transported or is planned to be transported by a carrier

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'cargo role' then x is a 'role' that is a 'role of' some 'material entity' that 'participates in at some time' some 'transport process' that 'has agent' some 'carrier'

carrier https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Trucking Companies, Airlines

A company that provides air, sea, or land transportation services [APICS]. The party that provides freight transportation services or a physical or electronic mechanism that carries business information [GS1]. A firm which transports goods or people via land, sea or air [CSCMP].

See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.

Carrier(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(TransportationServiceProviderRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))

person or business organization who provides transportation services

every instance of 'carrier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'transportation service provider role'

Transportation Service Provider

change https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process of change in the color of an object, the process of gaining a new student role when a person enrolls for the first time in university courses

CCO

candidate IOF Core construct

Change(x) → Process(x)

true

process in which some independent continuant endures and 1) one or more of the dependent entities it bears increase or decrease in intensity, 2) the entity begins to bear some dependent entity or 3) the entity ceases to bear some dependent entity

The intention is to keep this term as a primitive.

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'change' then x is a 'process'

consignee https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ A Walmart warehouse is a consignee when it receives a shipment

The organisation (party) which has the intention to receive the goods [GS1]. The party by whom the goods, cargo or containers are meant to be received. The actual physical receipt can take place by another party [GS1]. The party to whom goods are shipped and delivered [CSCMP].

The ultimate owner of the product is the consignee, so it is important to keep in mind that shipments destined for a 3rd party logistics company would not list the 3PL as the consignee.

Consignee (x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(ConsigneeRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))

person or business organization that receives some shipment

every instance of 'consignee' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'consignee role'

receiver

consignee role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Discount Tire has a consignee role when it receives a shipment of 200 tires from Pirelli

ConsigneeRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ ReceivingProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

true

role held by a person or business organization when it receives a shipment from a carrier and owns the shipment after the receipt

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'consignee role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'receiving process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'carrier'

consigning process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a mobile retailer signing a contract with Apple and Samsung to receive sample mobile devices to be use for display purpose only while they are still owned by Apple and Samsung

The act of placing goods in the possession of another, but retaining ownership until the goods are sold [CSCMP]

ConsigningProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x)

true

business process that results in placing a material entity in the possession of some agent without changing the ownership until the material entity is sold

The required construct for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release. In particular, possesion and ownership are nor fully formalized in IOF ontologies yet.

if x is a 'consigning process' then x is a 'business process'

consignor role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Pirelli has a consignor role when it prepares and initiates a shipment of 200 tires to a bracnch of Discount Tire in Ann Arbor, MI

LA1:ConsignorRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃s((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ Shipment(s) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ isSpecifiedOutputOf(s,p) ∧ owns(y,s) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

LA2:ConsignorRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

true

role held by a business organization or person when it prepares, initiates, and consigns a shipment it owns

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

LA1:if x is a 'consignor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' when it is 'agent in' some 'shipment preparation process' p that 'has specified output' some 'shipment' s and y 'owns' s.

LA2:if x is a Consignor Role then x is an Agent Role that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it 'agent in' some Shipment Preparation Process p

container https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ tank container, ISO 20-foot container, ISO 40-foot container, high cube container, refrigerated container (reefer), open-top container, flat rack container, tank container, dry cargo container, bulk container, pallet-wide container, double-door container, ventilated container, insulated container

Shipping Container (for transport): article of transport equipment, strong enough to be suitable for repeated use and specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more means of transport without breakage of load [ISO 21067-1: Packaging — Vocabulary].

Container (x) → MaterialArtifact(x)

true

material artifact designed to hold, protect, and facilitate the transport of goods across one or more modes of transportation

There are insufficient constructs in the ontology to provide necessary and sufficient conditions

if x is a 'container' then x is a 'material artifcat'

container identifier Merck KGaA A QR code printed on a plastic drum used to store and transport a buffer solution; A barcode on a stainless steel transport vessel used to transfer cell culture harvest material from a fed-batch bioreactor to the primary capture chromatography system; A unique container code painted on an intermodal shipping container used to transport electronics from a manufacturing site to a distribution port; A barcode affixed to a reusable parts bin used to transport fasteners from a warehouse to an automotive assembly line

A product catalog number that refers to a type of plastic container sold by a manufacturer; A batch number assigned to a lot of buffer solution held in a stainless steel tank. Although the identifier is associated with the material inside the container, it does not identify the container itself and is therefore not a container identifier

ContainerIdentifier(x) ↔ Identifier(x) ∧ ∃y(Container(y) ∧ designates(x, y))

identifier that identifies a container

every instance of 'container identifier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'identifier' that 'designates' some 'container'

departure process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process during which a truck (loaded with a shipment) leaves the warehouse site of the shipper

DepartureProcess(x) → MaterialLocationChangeProcess(x) ∧ ∃y(TravelProcess(y) ∨ TransportProcess(y)) ∧ occurrentPartOf(x,y) ∧ ∃z∃z1∃t(TemporalRegion(z) ∧ TemporalRegion(z1) ∧ TempotalInstance(t)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(y,z1) ∧ firstInstanceOf(t,z1) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t)

true

material location change process that consists of the participating entity leaving its starting location such that the travel or transport process it is a part of is initiated

To provide the necessary and sufficient conditions, the relationships representing Allen's Interval Algebra elements are needed.

if x is a 'departure process' then x is a 'location change process' that is 'occurent part of' some 'transport process' or 'travel process' y and that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal region' which has 'first instant of' the temporal region of y as 'occurent part'

distribution center https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Costco Distribution Center in Salt Lake City, UT

The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores [CSCMP]

DistributionCenter(x) → StorageFacility(x)

true

storage facility designed to store manufactured products that are to be distributed to resellers and wholesalers

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release. In particular, the notions related to 'distribution' function and process are missing.

if x is a 'distribution center' then x is a 'storage facility'

distributor https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Grainger is a distributor when it buys HVAC units and parts from manufacturers and sells them to wholesalers

1- A business and industry which acts as a third party local representative and distribution point for a manufacturing firm. These firms may perform some light assembly or kitting of goods, but generally provides a buffer for finished goods [CSCMP]. 2- Distributors typically purchase the goods in quantity from the manufacturer and ship to customers in smaller quantities [CSCMP]. 3- A business that does not manufacture its own products, but purchases and resells these products. Such a business usually maintains a finished goods inventory [APICS].

Distributor(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(DistributorRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

person or business organization when it purchases products from manufacturers and resells them to wholesalers

every instance of 'distributor' is defined as exactly an instance of is a 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'distributor role'

distributor role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Grainger has a distributor role when it sells HVAC units and parts to wholesalers

LA1:DistributorRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r∃m((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ realizes(p,r) ∧ roleOf(r,m))

LA2:DistributorRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r∃r1∃r2∃m∃d((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(r,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ Manufacturer(d) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,m) ∧ realizes(p,r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,d))

LA3:DistributorRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r1∃r2∃m∃e((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ Wholesaler(w) ∧ BuyerRole(r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,w) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ realizes(p,r2))

true

role held by a person or business organization when it buys some material products from a manufacturer and resells them to a wholesaler

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

LA1:if x is a 'distributor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' who is 'agent in' some 'offering for sale business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity'

LA2:if x is a 'distributor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y who 'has role' some 'buyer role' that 'has realization' some 'buying business process' p that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'supplier role' that is 'role of' some 'manufacturer'

LA3:if x is a 'distributor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' y or 'person' y who is 'agent in' some 'supplying business process p and p 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'buyer role' that is 'role of' some 'wholesaler'

facility https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ an oil refinery, a manufacturing plant, an airport

candidate IOF Core construct

this definition applies to stationary facilities that have a fixed geospatial location on the ground (not mobile facilities)

Facility(x) → EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃s(Site(s) ∧ locatedInAtAllTimes(x,s))

true

engineered system that consists of buildings, structures, roads, machines, and equipment desgined to provide certain capabilities

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release. Namely, the component of a facility such as 'buidling' and 'road' are not formally defined yet.

if x is a 'facility' then x is an 'engineered system' that 'is located in at all times' some 'site'

factory https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ aircraft manufacturing factory (factory that is designed for manufacturing aircraft), motor vehicle manufacturing factory (factory that is designed for manufacturing motor vehicles), Frod's plant in Dearborn, MI

candidate IOF Core construct

Factory(x) → Facility(x) ∧ ∃c(ProductionCapability(c) ∧ hasCapability(x,c))

true

facility that is designed for manufacturing products and includes one or more production systems

The essential member parts of a factory (such as production systems or manufacturing cells) are not defined in IOF ontologies yet.

if x is a 'factory' then x is a 'facility' that 'has capability' some 'production capability'

manufacturing plant

plant

freight container https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ an intermodal container, a shipping container, cargo container, multimodal container, or a freight container

According to ISO 668:1995(E): “a shipping container means an article of transport equipment which is: (a) of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use; (b) specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods, by one or more mode of transport, without intermediate reloading; (c) fitted with devices permitting its ready handling, particularly its transfer from one mode of transport to another; (d) so designed as to be easy to fill and empty; (e) stackable; and, (f) having an internal volume of 1 cubic metre or mor

FreightContainer(x) → Container(x)

true

A container that is designed to enclose, protect, and enable the transport of one or more material entities across multiple modes of transportation

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release. In particular, the semantics of 'containing' is not precisely defined yet.

if x is a 'freight container' then x is a 'container'

freight forwarder https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ International Equipment Relocations, TMF Logistics, Landstar, ICAT Logistics Inc.

1-The party that arranges the carriage of goods including connected services and/or associated formalities on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee [GS1]. 2- A person or firm that arranges to pick up or deliver goods on instructions of a shipper or a consignee from or to a point by various necessary conveyances and common carriers [Random House Dictionary]. 3- Freight forwarder is “middle man” between the carrier and the organization shipping the product. Often combines smaller shipments to take advantage of lower bulk costs [APICS].

FreightForwarder (x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(FreightForwarder(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

person or business organization when it arranges the transportation of shipments on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee

every instance of 'freight forwarder' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business organization' or 'person' that 'has role' some 'freight forwarder role'

forwarding agent

freight forwarder role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the role of Wagner Forwarders LLC when it picks up shipments from a shipper's warehouse, carries out customs clearance, transports the goods from the destination, and delivers them to the clients

A freight forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.

FreightForwarderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃c((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ FreightForwardingService(p) ∧ (Consignor(c) ∨ Consignee(c)) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(x,c) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

logistics service provider role held by an agent when it arranges the transportation of shipments on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee

if x is a 'freight forwarder role' then x is a 'logistics service provider role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' when it 'agent in' some 'freight forwarding service' and 'acts on behalf of at some time' some 'consignor' or 'consignee'

freight forwarding business function https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the function of Wagner Forwarders LLC to pick up shipments from a shipper's warehouse, carries out customs clearance, transports the goods from the destination, and deliver them to the clients

business function that is realized in the process of planning and coordinating the transportation of material products on behalf of a shipper

FreightForwardingBusinessFunction(x) ↔ BusinessFunction(x) ∧ ∃s(FreightForwardingService (s) ∧ hasRealization(x,s))

business function that is realized in a freight forwarding service

every instance of 'freight forwarding business function' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business function' that is 'realized in' some 'freight forwarding service'

freight forwarding process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Vermont Tech manufactures electric spare parts in Vermont and exports them to Canada and Mexico. Vermont Tech hired Wagner Forwarders LLC that picks up shipments from Vermont Tech's warehouse, carries out customs clearance, transports the goods from the destination, and delivers them to the clients in Mexico and Canada.

Freight forwarding is the process of organizing shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from a manufacturer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.

FreightForwardingProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃f∃s(FreightForwarder(f) ∧ Shipment(s) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,f) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,s))

true

business process of planning and coordinating the transportation of material products on behalf of a shipper

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'freight forwarding process' then x is a 'business process' and 'has participant at some time' some 'freight forwarder' and some 'shipment'

freight forwarding service https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the service provided by Wagner Forwarders LLC when it picks up shipments from a shipper's warehouse, carries out customs clearance, transports the goods from the destination, and delivers them to the clients

Freight forwarding is the act of arranging commercial transportation for the cargo/shipment of other firms.

FreightForwardingService(x) ↔ LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p(FreightForwardingProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))

logistics service that consists of at least one freight forwarding process

every instance of 'freight forwarding service' is defined as exactly an instance of 'logistics service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'freight forwarding process'

geospatial location https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the location of Toyota's plant in San Antonio, the location of a shipping dock in warehouse facility, the site of a mixing process, the current location of a moving truck, the site of a truck loading process

candidate IOF Core construct

GeospatialSite(x) ↔ GeospatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r(LocationRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

geospatial site that is the location of some material entity at some time or the site of some process

every istance of 'geospatial location' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial site' that 'has role' some 'location role'

geospatial site https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the site of a farm, the site of an airport, the site of a factory

CCO

candidate IOF Core construct

GeospatialSite(x) → Site(x)

true

site at or near the surface of the earth

This term is intended to remain as primitive. The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'geospatial site' then x is a 'site'

global location number http://www.gs1.org/gln https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Company XYZ Branch 1 GLN:9012345000004, Company XYZ Branch 2 GLN:9012345100001, GLN 5012345000046 = "AWS Region us-west-2 IoT Hub for Facility B", GLN: 5012345000114 -> Warehouse A – Loading Dock 2

GLN

A Global Location Number (GLN) is the GS1 Identification Key used for uniquely identifying parties (legal entities) and phyisical locations that are involved in business transactions in supply chains. Physical locations may be addresses, single buildings, storage sites, single loading platform, etc. GLN is a 13-digit number that comprises a GS1 Company Prefix, Location Reference and Check Digit. The Global Location Number (GLN) is part of the GS1 systems of standards.

GLN can be used for identifying physical locations and digital locations. A digital location is an electronic (non-physical) address that is used for communication between computer systems (such as a network location).

GlobalLocationNumber(x) → Identifier(x) ∧ ∃y(BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ GeospatialLocation(y)) ∧ designates(x,y) ∧ ∃z(GlobalLocationNumberCodingSystem(z) ∧ prescribedBy(x,z))

identifer that uniquely identifies a business organization or a geospatial location and complies with GS1 GLN coding scheme

if x is a 'global location number' then x is an 'identifier' that 'designates' a 'business organization' or 'geospatial location' that is 'prescribed by 'GS1 GLN Scheme'

group of suppliers https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The companies that are involved in manufacturing of iPhone and its parts

GS1

There exist a supply chain link between two interacting agents who are members of the same supplier group related to a specific supply chain system.

GroupOfSuppliers(x) → OrganizedGroupOfAgents(x) ∧ ∀y∃r∃s(BusinessOrganization(y) ∧ (SupplierRole(r) ∧ SupplyRelationship(s) ∧ specificallyDependedOnBy(r,s) ∧ ∃p(SupplyChainPlanSpecification(p) ∧ prescribes(p,s)) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ hasMemberPartAtAllTimes(x,y)))

true

group of agents involved in trading and other business relationships with one another during the operation of specific supply chains

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'group of suppliers' then x is an 'organized group of agents' that only 'has member parts at all times' some 'business organization' y that 'has role' some 'supplier role' r such that r is 'specifically depended on by' some 'supply relationship' s and s is 'prescribed by' some 'supply chain plan specification' p

Supply Network

industrial inventory https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ sealed and labeled boxes of ballbearings packaged for shipment

Those stocks or items used to support production (raw materials and work-in-process items), supporting activities (maintenance, repair, and operating supplies), and customer service (finished goods and spare parts) [APICS].

IndustrialInventory(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∨ MaterialComponent(x) v MaterialProduct(x) v RawMaterial(x)) ∧ ∃r(IndustrialInventoryRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

material product, material component, raw material, or material artifact that is ready to be sold or used and is stored in a storage facility or on factory floor

every instance of 'industrial inventory' is defined as exactly an instance of 'raw material' or 'material product' or 'material artifact' or 'material component' that 'has role' some 'industrial inventory role'

industrial inventory role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ (for a tile manufacturer) role held by the boxes of tile that are ready to sell, the semi-finished stock of tiles that haven’t been packed yet, the tiles set aside for quality checking, and raw materials like silica sand, clay, and pottery stone; role held by the rolls of aluminum a manufacturer stores to be consumed laters on its bottling lines role held by the rolls of aluminum a manufacturer stores to be consumed laters on its bottling lines

IndustrialInventoryRole(x) → MaterialResourceRole(x) ∧ ∃m∃p(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ (ProductProductionProcess(p) ∨ SupplyingBusinessProcess(p)) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ ∃i(InventoryManagementProcess(i) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,i) ∧ roleOf(x,m)))

true

role held by some material entity when it is stored by a bussiness organization and it is intended to be supplied to a customer or to be used or consumed in some product production process

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is an 'industrial inventory role' then x is an 'material resource role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' that 'participates in at some time' some 'product production process' or 'supplying business process' and 'participates in at some time' some 'inventory management process'

industry https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ automotive industry, defense industry, oil and gas industry

Group of organizations that participate in similar or related business processes and are intended to realize similar or related primary business functions according to their organizational objectives and plans.

candidate IOF Core construct

Industry(x) → GroupofAgents(x) ∧ ∃y(BusinessOrganization(y) ∧ memberPartOfAtAllTimes(y,x)) ∧ ∀z(memberPartOfAtAllTimes(z,x) → BusinessOrganization(z))

true

group of organizations that are related based on their primary business activities

This construct is intended to remain as a primitive. The sub-classes will be non-primitive as they pertain to specific business functions.

if x is an Industry then x is a 'group of agents' that only 'has member parts at all times 'business organization'

integrated carrier business organization https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ FedEx, UPS, DHL

A company that offers a blend of transportation services such as land, sea and air carriage, freight forwarding, and ground handling [CSCMP]

IntegratedCarrierBusinessOrganization(x)→BusinessOrganization(x) ∧ ∃f((FreightForwardingBusinessFunction(f) ∨ TransportationBusinessFunction(f)) ∧hasFunction(x,f))

business organization that is created for the purpose of providing different types of transportation and freight forwarding services

every instance of 'integrated carrier business organization' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business organization' that 'has function' some 'transportation business function' and 'has function' some 'freight forwarding business function'

inventory management process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ A collection of tasked carried out in IKEA that ensures optimal inventory levels of raw material and finished products at all times.

1- The process of ensuring the availability of products through inventory administration [CSCMP] 2-The branch of business management concerned with planning and controlling inventories [APICS]

InventoryManagementProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x)

true

business process that consists of the activities required for controlling, tracking, recording, and planning inventories

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is an 'inventory management process' then x is a 'business process'

load https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a portion of grain loaded on a truck and transported from a grain elevator to a food processing facility

collection of material entites transported or transferred together

Load(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(LoadRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

collection of material entities which share the same transportation and transfer history

every instance of 'load' is defined as exactly an instane of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'load role'

load role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of 200 pounds of wheat when it is transfered from one container to another container

LoadRole(x) → TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃m∃p(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialLocationChangeProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ ∃i(Identifier(i) ∧ designates(i,m)) ∧ roleOf(x,m))

true

traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that have been transferred or transported together

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'load role' then x is a 'traceable resource unit role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' m that 'participates in at some time' some 'material location change process' and m is 'designated by' some 'identifier'

location identification scheme https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ GS1 specifications related to creating global location numbers (GLN) for physical and digital locations

InformationcontEntentity(x) ∧ ∃i(Identifier(i) ∧ prescribes(x,i)) ∧ ∃g(GeospatialLocation (i) ∧ designates(i,g)) → LocationIdentificationScheme(x)

true

identification scheme that prescribes how unique identifiers of physical locations are formulated

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

if x is an 'information content entity' that 'prescribes' some 'identifier' that designates some 'geospatial location' then x is a 'location identification scheme'

location role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by the site of a piece of land when it is the landing location for a SpaceX rocket; role of the site of a parking lot when it is used as a drop off location during a receiving process

candidate IOF Core construct

LocationRolel(x) ↔ Role(x) ∧ ∃g(GeospatialSite(g) ∧ roleOf(x,g)) ∧ ∃m∃p(Process(p) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ locationOfAtSometime(g,m) ∨ isSiteOf(g,p))

role held by a geospatial site when it is the location of some material entity at some time or the site of some process

every instance of 'location role' is defined as exactly an instance of 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'geospatial site' that is 'location of at some time' some 'material entity' or 'is site of' some 'process'

logistic unit https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a case, pallet or parcel

An item of any composition established for transport and/or storage that needs to be managed through the supply chain [GS1].

LogisticUnit(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(LogisticUnitRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

material entities packaged together for transport or storage

every instance of 'logistic unit' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'logistic unit role'

logistic unit role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by a ballet of softdrinks when it is stored before being shipped to a known location

LogisticUnitRole(x) → TraceableResourceUnitRole(x)

true

traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that are packaged together for transport or storage

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'logistic unit role' then x is 'traceable resource unit role'

logistics process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Inbound Raw Material Delivery, Finished Goods Shipment to Distributor, Work-in-Progress (WIP) Transfer Between Production Sites, Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Coordination, Return Logistics (Reverse Supply Chain)

LogisticsProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃p((ReceivingProcess(p) ∨ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∨ StorageProcess(p) ∨ FreightForwardingProcess(p) ∨ TransportProcess(p)) ∧ hasOccurrentPart (x,p))

true

business process composed of one or more processes such as transport, shipment preparation, storage, or receiving that are coordinated to enable the movement, handling, or distribution of material entities across one or more locations within a supply chain

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'logistics process' then x is an 'business process' that 'has occurrent part' some 'receiving process' or 'shipment preparation process' or 'storage process' or 'transport process' or 'freight forwarding process'

logistics service https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the shipping service provided by a trucking company, the freight forwarding service provided by Logistix Co

The services related to planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective transportation and storage of goods including services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.

LogisticsService(x) → CommercialService(x) ∧ ∃p((TransportationProcess(p) ∨ FreightForwardingProcess(p) ∨ PackagingProcess(p) ∨ StorageProcess(p)) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))

true

commercial service that consists of at least one transport process, packaging process, freight forwarding, or storage process

There are several other types of logistics services that are not included in the current release.

if x is a 'logistics service' then x is a 'commercial service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'transport process', 'packaging process', 'freight forwarding process', or 'storage process'

logistics service provider role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of FedEx when it provides transportation services to its customers

Any business which provides logistics services. Includes those businesses typically referred to as 3PL, 4PL, LLP, etc. Services may include provisioning, transport, warehousing, packaging, etc [CSCMP].

LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) → ServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p(BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y) ∧ LogisticsService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

true

service provider role that is held by a business organization or person when it provides a logistics service

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'logistics service provider role' then x is a 'service provider role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y when it is 'agent in' some 'logistics service'

3PL

lot https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a batch of waterpump housings manufactured during the morning shift of diecasting plant on a certian machine

APICS

A Lot can consist of portion of bulk material

Lot(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(LotRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

quantity of material entities produced together and sharing the same production history and specifications

every instannce of 'lot' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'lot role'

lot identifier https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Lot Number: 180220601 The first two digits (18) is the year of manufacture (2018) The next two digits (02) is the month of manufacture (February) The next two digits (20) is the day of the month of manufacture (20th) The next digit (6) is the plant number The last two digits (01) represents the product batch of that specific day

1- A unique identification assigned to a homogeneous quantity of material [APICS] 2- A sequence number associated with a specific batch or production run of products and used for tracking purposes [CSCMP]. 3- A Lot can consist of portion of bulk material

it is often used interchangeably with Batch Number

LotIdentifier(x) ↔ Identifier(x) ∧ ∃y(Lot(y) ∧ designates(x,y))

identifier that uniquely denotes a particular quantity of material entities that have shared production or transformation history

'lot number' is a 'code identifier' that 'designates' some 'lot'

lot role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by a number of aluminum shafts machined by certain operator on a certain CNC machine during a work shift

LotRole(x) → TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃m∃p(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ ManufacturingProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ ∃i(LotNumber(i) ∧ designates(i,m)) ∧ roleOf(x,m))

true

traceable resource unit role held by material entities that have a shared production or transformation history

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'lot role' then x is a 'traceable resource unit role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' m that 'participates in at some time' some 'manufacturing process' and m is 'designated by' some 'lot number'

Batch Role

make-to-order production capability https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the capability of BMW to customize their vehicles according to customers' preferences. BMW lets customers select the interior and exterior, the engine, as well as other features; Dell Computers is an example of a business that uses the MTO production strategy, wherein customers can order a fully customized computer online and receive it in a couple of weeks.

MTO

MakeToOrderCapability(x) → ProductionCapability(x)

true

production capability to manufacture some material artifact only after a confirmed customer order is received

Constructs such as 'order' and 'demand forecast' are not available in the current version.

if x is a 'make-to-order production capability' then x is a 'production capability'

make-to-stock production capability https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The company that manufactures t-shirts knows that it generally sells more t-shirts in the summer than any other time of year. So it will produce a certain amount of t-shirts in advance and keep them in stock until customers purchase them.

Make-to-stock is the traditional production approach of building up an inventory based on sales forecasts.

MakeToStockCapability(x) → ProductionCapability(x)

true

production capability to manufacture and store some product to fulfill the expected incoming orders or forcasted demand

Constructs such as 'order' and 'demand forecast' are not available in the current version.

if x is a 'make-to-stock production capability' then x is a 'production capability'

manufacturing service https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The final assembly service provided by Foxconn to Apple (Foxconn is a contract manufacturing service company that owns and operates factories in China that do the final assembly of iPhones for Apple), The machining services provided by a contract machinist

ManufacturingService(x) ↔ CommercialService(x) ∧ ∃p(ManufacturingProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))

commercial service that consists of at least one manufacturing process

every instance of 'manufactuirng service' is defined as exactly an instance of 'commercial service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'manufacturing process'

manufacturing service provider role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a contract machinist who machines parts owned by another company

ManufacturingServiceProviderRole(x) → ServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ ManufacturingService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

true

service provider role that is held by a person or business organization when it provides a manufacturing service

There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions.

Manufacturing Service Provider Role x implies that x is a Service Provider Role that is 'role of' some Business Organization or Person when it is 'agent in' some Manufacturing Service

manufacturing supply chain system https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a supply chian that manufactures and delivers F-150 engines to Ford Motor Company

ManufacturingSupplyChainSystem(x) ↔ SupplyChainSystem(x) ∧ ∃p(MaterialProduct(p) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,p))

supply chain system that is formed to manufacture one or more products

every instance of 'manufacturing supply chain system' defined as exactly an instance of a 'supply chain system' that 'has specified output' some 'material product'

material trade item https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Case of 24 soda cans, Box of 100 surgical masks, Office chair, one ceramic capacitor in a antistatic tape, reel of 5000 capacitor units, a surface mount precision kit with 50 capacitors, 50 resistors and 25 inductors.

1. Any item upon which there is a need to retrieve pre-defined information and that may be priced, ordered, or invoiced at any point in the supply chain [GS1]. 2. Any item (product or service) that is traded between a supplier and a buyer, which can be ordered and invoiced based on a trading agreement. 3. Note that 'material trade item' class is disjoint from 'service trade item' class. 4. Logistic unit is a composition of one or more trade items, which are to be delivered by transport and/or stored to fulfill a trade agreement.

Logistic unit is a composition of one or more trade items, which are to be delivered by transport and/or stored to fulfill a trade agreement.

MaterialTradeItem(x) → MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃y(LogisticUnit(y) ∧ isContinuantPartOfAtSomeTime (x,y))

MaterialTradeItem(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(MaterialTradeItemRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

material entity that is uniquely identified and is intended to be offered for sale in a selling business process.

if x is a 'material trade item' then x is part of some 'logistic unit' at some time.

every instance of 'material trade item' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'material trade item role'

material trade item role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of a bottle of detergent, identified by a GTIN for retail , role of a box containing 6 bottles of the detergent available for sale, role of a corrugated carton containing 4 inner packs available for salem role of a full pallet holding 20 cases of the detergent available for sale.

MaterialTradeItemRole(x) → Role(x) ∧∃y ∃p ∃i ( roleOf(x, y) ∧ (MaterialProduct(y) ∨ Package(y)) ∧ SellingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y, p) ∧ Identifier(i) ∧ designatedBy(y, i))

true

role of a material product, package of, or group of material products when it is intended to be offered for sale in a selling business process and is identified for trade

The required construct for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a ‘material trade item role’ then x is a ‘role’ that is a ‘role of’ some ‘material product’ or some ‘package’ that ‘participates in at some time’ some ‘selling business process’ and that is 'designated by' some ‘ Identifier’

packaging plan specification https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ plan that describes how iPhone 14 is packaged at the item-level and batch-level, plan that prescribes how windows are plastic wrapped and seperated using pads before transportation

PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(PackagingProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → PackagingPlanSpecification(x)

true

plan specification that prescribes a packaging process

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

if x is a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' some 'packaging process' p and p 'has participant at some time' some 'material product', then x is a 'packaging plan specification'

packaging process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ fillig aluminum cans with beverage; Boxing an item in an Amazon Fulfillent Center before shipping; Plastic wrappimg office furniture before shipment, putting 12 bottles of soft drink in a case and wrapping the case before transporting to the warehouse

1- While there are certainly packaging processes for transport or storage, another common and important packaging process prepares something for sale. An actual product that results from this process includes the package and has a different product identifier depending on that package (as with GTINs). In batch industries like beer, the line used to package the material is completely separated from the line used to make it and runs on its own schedule 2- Logistics Packaging Process is the preparation of product or commodity for proper storage and/or transportation. 3- Packaging may entail blocking, bracing, cushioning, marking, sealing, labeling, strapping, weather proofing, wrapping processes.

PackagingProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃m∃p(MaterialProduct(m) ∧ PackagingPlanSpecification(p) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,m) ∧ prescribedBy(x,p))

true

business process of putting some products or some portion of material into a package according to a packaging plan specification

The required construct (the notion of package in this case) for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'packaging process' then x is a 'business process' and 'has participant at some time' some 'material procduct' and x is 'prescribed by' some 'packaging plan specification'

packaging service https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ On-site packing and knitting service provided by ABC company when they bring materials and a crew to the customer site and pack the products that need to be shipped.

PackagingService(x) ↔ LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p(PackagingProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))

logistics service that consists of at lest one packaging process

every instance of 'packaging service' is defined as exactly an instance of 'logistics service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'packaging process'

packaging service provider role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The role of ABC Co. when they provide on-site packing and knitting service by bringing materials and a crew to the customer site and packing the products that need to be shipped.

PackagingServiceProviderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ PackagingService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))

logisitics service provider role held by a business organization or person when it provides a packaging service

if x is a Packaging Service Provider Role then x is a Logistics Service Provider Role that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it is'agent in' some Packaging Service

piece of transport equipment https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a truck, a trailer, a mobile yard crane, a towing vehicle, an intermodal container

Transport equipment is defined as a piece of high-value equipment used to hold, protect or secure cargo for transportation purposes [GS1].

PieceOfTransportEquipment(x) → PieceOfEquipment(x)

true

material artifact which has a ransport equipment role

The required constructs for formal definition, such as holding, protecting, and securing, are not available in this release.

every instance of 'piece of transport equipment' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material artifact' that 'has role' some 'transport equipment role'

production capability https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the capability of Philips Lighting Co to manufacture 1000 LED lamps per day

ProductionCapability(x) → Capability(x) ∧ ∃y(Agent(y) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y) ∧ CapabilityOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃p(ProductProductionProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(x,p))

true

capability of an agent or a system that is realized in a product production process

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'production capability' then x is a 'capability' that is 'capability of' some agent or system y and that is 'realized in' some 'product production process' p

purchase order https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ A PO issued by Discount Tire (buyer) regarding purchasing 500 tires from Bridgestone company (supplier)

A PO becomes a legally binding document (contract) between a buyer and a seller once it is approved by the seller.

Agreement (x) ∧ ∃p(BuyingBusinessProcess (p) ∧ isAbout(x,p)) ∧ ∃b∃s(BuyerRole(b) ∧ SupplierRole(s) ∧ prescribes(x,b) ∧ prescribes(x,s)) → PurchaseOrder(x)

true

agreement between a buyer and a vendor (supplier) that that contains a set of commitments on the buyer and the vendeor

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

if x is an 'agreement' that 'is about' some 'buying business process' and 'prescribes' some 'buyer role' and some 'supplier role' then x is a 'purchase order'

receiving process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process of receiving and inspecting a shipment at a Walmart warehouse

1- The function of taking physical receipt of material and performing initial inspection of the incoming shipment for damage and validation with respect to purchase order quantity. Typically includes some initial data recording, but not quality assurance or stocking [CSCMP]. 2- The function encompassing the physical receipt of material, the inspection of the shipment for conformance with the purchase order (quantity and damage), the identification and delivery to destination, and the preparation of receiving reports [APICS].

ReceivingProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x)

true

planned process in which an agent receives some material entity from another agent

To provide the necessary and sufficient conditions, the relationships representing Allen's Interval Algebra elements are needed.

if x is a 'receiving process' then x is a 'business process'

Receipt Process

retailer https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Target; Discout Tire; your local grocery stroe

1- a person or business organization that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale. 2- An individual or organization which purchasers products from a manufacturer or distributor and resells them to the ultimate consumer. This group includes a wide range of businesses from door to door and corner stores to global companies like Walmart, as well as on-line stores like Amazon [CSCMP]. 3-The party that sells directly to the ultimate consumer [GS1]. 4-A business or person that sells goods to the consumer, as opposed to a wholesaler or supplier, who normally sell their goods to another business [GS1].

Retailer(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(RetailerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

person or business organization who buys products from wholesalers and manufacturers and resells them to end users

every instance of 'retailer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'retailer role'

retailer role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Home Depot has a retailer role when it sells construction materials to contarctors

LA1: RetailerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r∃r1∃r2∃m∃f((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(r,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,m) ∧ realizes(p,r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,f) → (Manufacturer(f) ∨ Wholesaler(f)))

LA2:RetailerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r1∃r2∃m∃e((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ Customer(c) ∧ BuyerRole(r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,c) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ realizes(p,r2))

LA3:RetailerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r∃m((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ realizes(p,r) ∧ roleOf(r,m))

true

role held by a person or business organization when it buys products (material product) from manufacturers or wholesalers and offers them for sale to customers who are the end users of the product

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

LA1: if x is a 'retailer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y that 'has role' some 'buyer role' and 'has realization' some 'buying business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and 'realizes' some 'supplier role' that is 'role of' some 'manufacturer' or 'wholesaler'

LA2:if x is a 'retailer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y who is 'agent in' some 'supplying business process' p and p 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'buyer role' that is 'role of' some 'customer'

LA3:if x is a 'retailer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' who is 'agent in' some 'offering for sale business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity'

seaway https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The longest shipping route in the world is the route between Asia and the East Coast of South America with approximately 19,000 nautical miles (35,000 kilometers) and about 45 days to complete.

A specific route that ocean liners take between ports to help traffic flow and to avoid the most dangerous areas of the ocean [APICS].

Seaway(x) → ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion (x)

true

three-dimensional spatial region that connects one specified location to another on a body of water along which a watercraft may travel

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'seaway' then x is a 'three-dimensional spatial region'

shipping lane

service consumer role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ An AT&T customer has a service consumer role when she makes a call using a phone plan provided by AT&T

ServiceConsumerRole(x) → CustomerRole(x)

true

customer role held by a person or business organization when it receives and consumes a service

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release. in particular, the notions related to receiving or consuming services are missing.

if x is a 'service consumer role' then x is a 'customer role'

service supply chain system https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ warranty service supply chian

ServiceSupplyChainSystem(x) ↔SupplyChainSystem(x) ∧ ∃s(CommercialService(s) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTimes(x,s))

supply chain system that is formed to deliver some commercial services

every instance of 'service supply chain system' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'supply chain system' that 'participates in at some times' some 'commercial service'

ship from location https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ shipping dock, outbound staging area, Amazon FulFillment Center in San Marcos, TX

The location from which material is sent [APICS]

ShipFromLocation(x) ↔ GeospatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r(ShipFromLocationRole(r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))

geospatial location at which some dispatch process occurs

every instance of 'ship from location' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial location' that 'has role' some 'ship from location role'

Dispatch Location

shipping point

ship from location role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by the site of a Walmart warehouse when it is the location from which a shipment initiates

ShipFromLocationRolel(x) → LocatinRole(x) ∧ ∃g∃p∃b(GeospatialSite(g) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ BillOfLading(b) ∧ isSiteOf(g,p) ∧ isPrescribedBy(p,b) ∧ roleOf(x,g))

true

location role held by a geospatial site when it is the location at which some dispatch process occures

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'ship from location role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'geospatial site' and 'is site of' some 'shipment preparation process'

ship to location https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ my home's locations when it is used as the delivery point of an Amazon shipment; A Boeing manufactuing facility in WA when it is used as the delivery point for a shipment of jet engines

1-The physical location to which goods for transport are finally delivered [GS1] 2- The location to which material is being shipped [APICS]

ShipToLocation(x) ↔ GespatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r(ShipToLocationRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

geospatial location in which some receiving process occurs

every instance of 'ship from location' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial location' that 'has role' some 'ship to location role'

receiving point

ship to location role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by the site of a Ford dealership when it is the delivery location for a shipment of cars from Ford

ShipToLocationRolel(x) → LocatinRole(x) ∧ ∃g∃p∃b(GeospatialSite(g) ∧ ReceivingProcess(p) ∧ isSiteOf(g,p) ∧ roleOf(x,g))

true

location role held by a geospatial site when it is the location at which some receiving process occures

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'ship to location role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'geospatial site' and 'is site of' some 'receiving process'

shipment https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Examples include truckload, vessel, 10 pallets of various items.

1- A grouping of logistic and transport units assembled and identified by the seller (sender) of the goods travelling under one dispatch advice and/or Bill of Lading to one customer (recipient) [GS1] 2- An item or group of items delivered to one party’s location at one moment in time that have undergone the same dispatch and receipt processes [GS1]

1. a shipment may contain one or more logistic units 2. A shipment is prepared as prescribed according to some shipment plan and is intended to be transported by some carrier and delivered to some receiver.

Shipment(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(ShipmentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

collection of material entities delivered to a receiver's location that have undergone the same dispatch and receipt processes

every instance of 'shipment' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'shipment role'

shipment plan specification https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a shipping plan that specifies the schedule for picking up a shipment of 1000 smartphones from a certain pick up location and transporting to a certain destination and also provides details of the shipping method (sea freight for example)

PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃p(ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → ShipmentPlanSpecification(x)

true

plan specification that prescribes a shipment preparation process and a transportation process

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

if x is a 'plan specification that 'prescribes' some 'shipment preparation process' then x is a 'shipment plan specification'

shipment preparation process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ A tile manufacturer's warehouse receives several order and generates a picking list for each order. Then the warehouse workers pick the tile boxes from the assigned inventory location. Warehouse workers then pack, label, and sort the products by carrier before moving them to the loading dock for shipping.

The activities related to preparation of outgoing shipment for transport. Shipment preparation process (shipping) often includes at least one picking, internal movement, packaging, marking, labeling, weighing, or loading process.

ShipmentPreparationProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃c∃m∃s(Consignor(c) ∧ MaterialProduct(m) ∧ Shipment(s) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,c) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,m) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,s))

true

business process in which some material entities are prepared to be transported together to a receiver’s location.

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'shipment preparation process' then x is a business process' and 'has participant at some time' some 'consignor' and 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' and 'has specified output' some 'shipment'

dispatch process

shipment role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by a shipment of 5 Toyota Rav4s on an auto transport trailer that are intended to be delivered to a Toyota dealership

ShipmentRole(x) → TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃m∃p(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p)) ∧ outputOf(m,p) ∧ roleOf(x,m) ∧ ∀y(hasRealization(x,y) → TransportProcess(y))

true

traceable resource unit role held by material entities when they undergo the same dispatch and receipt processes as prescribed by a bill of lading

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'shipment role' then x is a 'traceable resource unit role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' that is the 'output of' some 'shipment preparation process' and whenever x 'has realization' y that y must be a 'transpot process'

shipment state https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ delayed state, in-transit state, delivered state

ShipmentState(x) → MaterialState(x)

true

material state in which a shipment that participates in the state has a condition that remains unchanged

There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions. Namely, constructs to formalize XYZ are still lacking.

if x is a 'shapment state' then x is a 'material state'

consignor https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ an Amazon FulFillment Center when it prepares an ordered item for shipping

1-The originator of a shipment of freight [APICS]. 2-The party who originates a shipment of goods (shipper). The sender of a freight shipment, usually the seller [CSCMP]. 3-The consignor is the company shipping the product. A consignor can be a factory, distribution center or drop ship origin location. When shipping internationally, the consignor is the exporter of record.

Consignor(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(ConsignorRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

person or business organization that prepares and sends shipments for transport

every instance of 'consignor' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'consignor role'

Shipper

shipping route https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the path along which an Amazon delivery truck drives to deliver a shipment

A path along which some shipment travels during some transport process.

ShippingRoute(x) → ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion(x)

true

way (three-dimensional spatial region) that connects two or more supply chain nodes along which some shipment travels during a transport process

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'shipping route' then x is a 'three-dimensional spatial region'

storage capability https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Caterpilar's capability to store its manufactured trucks up to a certain number

StorageCapability(x)→Capability(x) ∧ ∃y(Agent(y) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y) ∧ CapabilityOf(x,y)) ∧ ∃p(StorageProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(x,p))

true

capability of an agent or a system that is realized in a storage process

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'storage capability' then x is a 'capability' that is 'capability of' some agent or system y and that 'realized in' some 'storage process' p

storage facility https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Costco's Warehouse, Self-storage facility

StorageFacility(x) → Facility(x) ∧ ∃c(StorageCapability(c) ∧ hasCapability(x,c))

true

facility that is designed to store materials or goods

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

if x is a 'storage facility' then x is a 'facility' and x and 'has capability' some 'storage capability'

storage process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process of storing cutting tools in a tool cabinet for future use, the process of storing dishes in my kitchen cabinet, the process of storing products by a retailer for selling them in the future

this class refers to the storage process in a generic sense and it is not necessarily limited to industrial storage in a factory warehouse for example.

StorageProcess(x) → PlannedProcess(x)

true

planned process of putting and keeping material entities in a specified location for future use

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'storage process' then x is a 'planned process'

storage service https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ 72 hour free storage service provided by Maersk for cargo before being transferred to trailers for onward distribution

logistics service in which an agent keeps a number of material artifacts in a specified location to meet the storage needs of another agent.

StorageService(x) ↔ LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p(StorageProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))

logistics service that consists of at least one storage process

every instance of 'storage service' is defined as exactly an instance of 'logistics service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'storage process'

storage service provider role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ DHL has a storage service provider role when it provides industrial warehousing and inventory management services to manufacturers

StorageServiceProviderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ StorageService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

logisitics service provider role that is held by a person or business organization when it provides a storage service

if x is a Storage Service Provider Role then x is a Service Provider Role that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it 'agent in' some Storage Service p

sublot Sublot of 140 antacid tablets filled from Lot #6754189 and packaged in a bottle; sublot of antacid tablets contained in a box of 12 such bottles from the same lot; sublot of tetrachloroethylene filled from Lot #PERC6227741 and contained in a 50L drum; sublot of tetrachloroethylene contained in a pallet of 15 such drums from the same lot;Sublot of 2400 M8 stainless steel bolts from Lot #BOLT-240315; Sublot of 60 automotive brake discs packaged in a crate from Lot #BD-517733

Sublot(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(SublotRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x, r))

material entity which has a sublot role

every instance of 'sublot' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'sublot role'

sublot role Role held by the sublot of 140 antacid tablets filled from Lot #6754189 and packaged in a bottle; role held by the sublot of tablets in a box of 12 such bottles; role held by the sublot of tetrachloroethylene in a 50L drum from Lot #PERC6227741; role held by the sublot of tetrachloroethylene in a pallet of 15 such drums; Role held by the sublot of 2400 M8 stainless steel bolts from Lot #BOLT-240315; role held by the sublot of 60 automotive brake discs packaged in a crate from Lot #BD-517733

SublotRole(x) → TraceableResourceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃y(MaterialEntity(y) ∧ roleOf(x, y) ∧ ∃l(Lot(l) ∧ continuantPartOfAtSomeTime(y, l)))

true

traceable resource unit role held by a material entity when it is part of a lot and is uniquely identifiable within that lot

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release. In particular the pattern for unique identification within a lot needs to be developed.

If x is a 'sublot role', then x is a 'traceable resource unit role' and is the 'role of' some 'material entity' that is the 'continuant part of at some time' some 'lot

supplier evaluation process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Tesla evaluating the capabilities of a manufacturer of some battery component

SupplierEvaluationProcess(x) → AppraisalProcess(x) ∧ ∃s(Suppier(s) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,s))

true

apprasial process that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the capabilities of a person or organization that is intended to become a member of a supply chain

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'supplier evaluation process' then x is an 'appraisal process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supplier'

supply chain agent https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a manufacturer in a supply chain; a carrier in a supply chain; a contractor who is responsible for on-site inspection of batches produced by a supplier of ventilator components

SupplyChainAgent(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(SupplyChainAgentRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

person or business organization who supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in a supply chain

every instance of 'supply chain agent' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'supply chain role'

supply chain agent role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role held by a manufacturer in a supply chain; role held by a carrier in a supply chain; roe held by a contractor who is responsible for on-site inspection of batches produced by a supplier of ventilator components

SupplyChainAgentRolel(x) ↔ AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃a∃s∃p(Agent(a) ∧ SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ GroupOfSuppliers(p) ∧ hasRelization(x,p) ∧ memberPartAtSomeTime(a,s) ∧ roleOf(x,a))

role held by an agent that is a part of a supply chain system when it supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in the supply chain system

if x is a 'supply chain agent role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'agent' a that is 'member part of at some time' some 'group of suppliers' and that 'has realization' in some 'supply chain process'

supply chain node https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The location of a plant in which airbags are manufactured for Tesla cars, The location of a warehouse in which car axels are stored before being shipped to the assembly plant

SupplyChainNode(x) ↔ GeospatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r(SupplyChainNodeRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

geospatial location that is the site of some supply chain process

every instance of 'supply chain node' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial location' that 'has role' some 'supply chain node role'

supply chain node role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of the site of a factory operated by a supplier of Tesla, role of the site of a storage facility where airbag packages are stored before being shipped to a Ford assembly plant

SupplyChainNodeRolel(x) ↔ LocatinRole(x) ∧ ∃g∃p(GeospatialSite(g) ∧ SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ isSiteOf(g,p) ∧ roleOf(x,g))

location role held by a geospatial site when it is the site some supply chain process

every instance of 'supply chain node role' is defined as exactly an instance of 'location role' that is 'role of' some 'geospatial site' when 'is site of' some 'supply chain process'

supply chain objective specification https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ an objective of a supply chain for manufacturing water pumps is to manufacture and deliver a batch of 100 water pumps per day in a given timeframe

InformationContentEntity(x) ∧ ∃c∃p(Continuant(c) ∧ SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ isOutputOf(c,p) ∧ prescribes(x,c)) → SupplyChainObjectiveSpecification(x)

true

objective specification that prescribes what the outcome of a supply chain process should be

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

if x is an 'objective specification' that 'is about' some 'supply chain process' p and that 'prescribes' some 'process characteristic' which is a 'process characteristic of' p or 'capability' that is 'realized in' p or 'continuant' c that is 'output of' p then x is an 'supply chain objective specification'

supply chain plan specification https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ plan that describes the production volume and schedule for the supply chain created for production of Dell desktop computers

LA1:SupplyChainPlanSpecification(x) → PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃o(SupplyChainObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ hasContinuantPartAtAllTimes(x,o))

LA2:PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → SupplyChainPlanSpecification(x)

true

plan specification that has one or more supply chain objective specifications as parts and that prescribes a supply chain process

There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions.

LA1:if x is 'supply chain plan specification' then x is a 'plan specification' that 'has continuant part at all times' some 'supply chain objective specification' o

LA2:x if x is a 'plan specification' and x 'prescribes' some 'supply chain process' then x is a 'supply chain plan specification'

supply chain process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ shipment of a batch of semi-finished assemblies from a tier-2 supplier to a tier-1 supplier, inspection of a batch of parts before being shipped to the OEM, heat treatment of a batch of gears to be used in a transmission assembly by a BMW supplier the process of transporting good from supplier 1 to supplier 2, the product production process related to fulfillment of an order received from a tier-1 supplier

SupplyChainProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃s∃p(SupplyChainAgent(s) ∧ SupplyChainPlanSpecification(p)) ∧ (hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,s) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime (x,p) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime (p,s))

planned process in which a supply chain plan specification is realized by a number of supply chain agents

every instance of 'supply chain process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supply chain agent' and 'concretizes at some time' some 'supply chain plan specification' that 'generically depends on at some time' supply chain agent'

supply chain system https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the suppliers Ford Motor Company and their equipment, facilities, software systems, production systems, logistics systems that are collectively used and coordinated for production of a Ford F-150's engine

A related notion is Supply Chain Infrastrucutre.

A supply chain is a system of organizations and business procsses that are involved in manufacture, distribution, and maintenance of a product or asset [GS1]. An Engineered System comprising all agents, equipment, facilities, software systems, production systems, logistics systems, and other systems and resources, governed by a set of rules, designed and deployed with the function of delivering a product or a service to some customer [APICS].

SupplyChainSystem(x) ↔ EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃s((CommercialService(s) ∨ ProductProductionProcess(s)) ∧ (participatesInAtSomeTime(x,s))) ∧ ∃g(GroupofSuppliers(g) ∧ hasMemberPartAtAllTime(x,g)) ∧ ∃p(SupplyChainPlanSpecification(p) ∧ prescribes(p,x))

engineered system composed of agents, facilties, machines, and information systems that is designed to deliver products and services to end customers through an engineered flow of information, material, and cash

every instance of 'supply chain system' is defined as exactly an instance of an 'engineered system' that 'has member part at all times' some 'group of suppliers' that 'participates in at some time' some 'product production process' or 'commercial service' and 'is prescribed by' some 'supply chain plan specification'

Supply Chain

supply chain transport process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ transporting semi-finished assemblies from one supplier to another

SupplyingChainTransportProcess(x) ↔ SupplyChainProcess(x) ∧ ∃p(TransportProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,p)) ∧ ∃n1∃n2(SupplyChainNode(n1) ∧ SupplyChainNode(n2) ∧ startsAt(x,n1) ∧ endsAt(x,n2)) ∧ ∃s(Shipment(s) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,s))

transport process which involves movement of goods between sending trading party’s location and receiving trading party’s locations over the public logistics pathway/infrastructure

every instance of 'supply chain transport process' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'supply chain process' that 'has occurrent part' some 'transport process' that 'starts at' and 'ends at' some 'supply chain node' and 'has participant at some time' some 'shipment'

supply relationship https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the relationship between Continental and Ford Motor Company based on which Continental agrees to sell powertrain assemblies to Ford in certain volumes per year

SupplyRelationship(x) → SpecificallyDependentContinuant(x) ∧ ∃r1∃r2∃c(CustomerRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ Agreement(c) ∧ specificallyDependsOn(x,r1) ∧ specificallyDependsOn(x,r2) ∧ prescribedBy(x,c))

true

relationship that exists between two agents when one agent supplies a product or service to another agent and that is prescribed by an agreement

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'supply relationship' then x is a 'specifically dependant continuant' and x 'specifically depends on' some 'supplier role' and some 'customer role' and x is 'prescribed by' some 'agreement'

system capability https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the capability of machine cell to manufacture precision parts with complex geometries; the capability of food traceability system to identify the origin of the materials used in a food product

The ability of a system to execute a particular course of action or achieve a desired effect, under a specified set of conditions.

candidate IOF Core construct

SystemCapability(x) ↔ Capability(x) ∧ ∃s(System(s)∧ capabilityOf(x,s))

capability that inheres in a system to the extent of the system's capacity to realize it in some processes

if x is a 'system capability' then x is a 'capability' that is 'capability of' some System s

traceability https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the ability of Land O'Lakes ERP system to identify the milk suppliers for specific batches of butter

ISO 9001:2015

Traceability(x) → SystemCapability(x)

true

capability of a system to trace the history, application or location of an object

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release. Namely, trace and track processes are not formailized yet.

if x is a 'traceability' then x is a 'system capability'

traceable resource unit https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Examples of traceable objects include products (e.g., consumer goods, medicines, electronic devices), logistic units (e.g., palletised goods, parcels) and assets (e.g., trucks, vessels, trains, fork lifts).

GS1

Traceable Resource Unit (TRU) is “the unit that the company wants to trace” or “the unit that the company records information on in the traceability system”.

TraceableResourceUnit(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r(TraceableResourceUnitRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

material entity that is uniquely identified and there may be a need to retrieve information about its history, application, or location as it moves through a supply chain

every instance of 'traceable resource unit' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'traceable resource unit role'

trace unit

traceable resource unit role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of a shipment of corn when it is tracked by its producer

TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃m∃p1∃p2∃d(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ (ProductProductionProcess(p1) ∨ SupplyChainProcess(p1)) ∧ ObservingProcess(p2) ∧ CodeIdentifier(d) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p1) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p2) ∧ designatedBy(x,d) ∧ roleOf(x,m))

true

role held by a number of uniquely identified material entities when they participate in some supply chain processes or production processes while some agent observes them and collects information about them for future retrieval

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'traceable resource unit role' then x is a 'role' that is a 'role of' some 'material entity' that is 'designated by' some 'code identifier' and 'participates in at some time' some 'supply chain process' or 'product production process' and 'observing process'

tracking event https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a transport event during which materials are moved from one location to another, a sampling event during which a sample is taken from a portion of raw material for quality tests

An occurrence where information is captured representing history relevant to a product’s genealogy. This includes occurrences to product or material, as well as occurrences involving equipment with which product or material came into contact. Tracking event records are used to reconstruct material history later during analysis.

TrackingEvent(x) → Event(x)

true

event that has at least one traceable resource unit or equipment (with which TRU comes into contact with) or operator (that runs an equipment with which TRU comes into contact with at some time) as participant .

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'tracking event' then x is an 'event'

trailer https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a carry-on trailer used at a farm

Trailer(x) → PieceOfTransportEquipment(x)

true

container that is unpowered and is pulled by a powered vehicle

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'trailer' then x is a 'container'

transport equipment role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of my car that is used to transport goods to the buyer, role of a mobile robot that navigates factory floors independently to transport materials

TransportEquipmentRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃m∃p(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ TransportProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ roleOf (x,m))

true

equipment role held by a material artifact when it is planned to be involved in or is involved in carrying out some part of a transport process

There are insufficient constructs to define necessary and sufficient conditions.

if x is a 'transport equipment role' then x is a 'role' that is a 'role of' some 'material entity' that 'participates in at some time' some 'transport process'

transport process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process during with a truck transports shipments from a shipper's location to a rceiver's location

TransportProcess(x) → MaterialLocationChangeProcess(x) ∧ ∃e(PieceOfTransportEquipment(e) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,e))

true

material location change process involving the movement of material entities from one location to another as part of a planned logistics process

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

There are insufficient constructs to create necessary and sufficient conditions.

if x is a 'transport process' then x is a 'material location change process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'piece of transport equipment'

act of shipping

transportation business function https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the function of Maersk to provide transportation service

business function that is realized in a location change process involving the movement of material entities by some piece of transport equipment

TransportationBusinessFunction(x) ↔ BusinessFunction(x) ∧ ∃s(TransportationService(s) ∧ hasRealization(x,s))

business function that is realized in a transportation service

every instance of 'transportation business function' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'business function' that 'has realization' some 'transportation service'

transportation service https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ rail freight shipping service; fluid handling and hauling services for water, polluted water, or oil

logistics service in which an agent changes the location of some material entities to satisfy the transportation needs of another agent

TransportationService(x) ↔ LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p (TransportProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))

logistics service that consists of at least one transport process

every instance of 'transportation service' is defined as exactly an instance of 'logistic service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'transport process'

transportation service provider role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of Jack when he uses his personal vehicle to deliver Amazon packages; role of IKEA when it uses its own trucks to deliver furniture to customers

TransportationServiceServiceProviderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ TransportationService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x,y))

logisitics service provider role that is held by a business organization or person when it provides a transportation service

if x is a 'transportation service provider role' then x is a 'service provider role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' y when it is 'agent in' some 'transportation service'

Carrier Role

travel process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process of travelling from New York to Philadelphia by train

http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Mid/EventOntology

TravelProcess(x) → MaterialLocationChangeProcess(x) ∧ ∃y∃t∃t1∃t2∃s∃s1∃z∃z1((Person(y) ∨ GroupOfPersons(y)) ∧ TemporalInstant(t) ∧ TemporalInstant(t1) ∧ TemporalRegion(t2) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s1) ∧ Site(z) ∧ Site(z1) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y) ∧ firstInstantOf(t,t2) ∧ lastInstantOf(t1,t2) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(x,t2) ∧ existsAt(s,t) ∧ existsAt(s1,t1) ∧ locatedInAtalltimes(s,z) ∧ locatedInAtAlltimes(s1,z1) ∧ locationOfAtAlltimes(s,y) ∧ locationOfAtAllTimes(s1,y))

true

material location change process wherein one or more persons move between geographical locations

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'material location change process' then x is a 'planned process' in which a 'person' or a 'group of persons' is moved from one 'site' to another

wagon https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ freight wagons, freight cars

Wagon(x) → PieceOfTransportEquipment(x)

true

container in a rail transport system used for carrying cargo or passengers

The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.

if x is a 'wagon' then x is a 'piece of transport equipment'

warehousing plan specification https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ plan that describes the receiving, counting, storage, picking, packing, and shipping procedure at the Amazon Fulfillment Center in San Marcos, TX

a warehousing plan may include plans for flow of material, handling and transportation method and equipment, inventory management, and environmental condition,

PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(WarehousingProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → WarehousingPlanSpecification(x)

true

plan specification that prescribes a warehousing process

See the general discussion and rationale provided for informational entities under 'information content entity'.

if x is a 'plan specification that 'prescribes' some 'warehousing process' then x is a 'warehousing plan specification'

warehousing process https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the process of counting and storing a shipment of external hard drives at an Amazon Fulfillment Center

WarehousingProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃p∃w∃f((StorageProcess(p) ∧ WarehousingPlanSpecification(w) ∧ StorageFacility(f)) ∧ occursIn (x,f) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,p) ∧ prescribedBy (x,w))

business process of storing products (material products) in a storage facility for future use

every instance of 'warehousing process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that 'occurs in' some 'storage facility' and 'has occurrent part' some 'storage process' and is 'prescribed by' some 'warehousing plan specification'

wholesaler https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Sysco (The biggest wholesale company in America), Alibaba

A distributor that sells products to a retailer. A wholesaler will sell his product in bulk quantities to retailers, allowing the retailer to take advantage of a lower price than if he were to buy single items.

Wholesaler(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r(WholesalerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(x,r))

person or business organization that buys products from distributors and resells them to retailers or other business organizations

every instance of 'wholesaler' defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'wholesaler role'

wholesaler role https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ role of Sysco when it sells food products in large quantities to out-of-home dining businesses

LA1:WholesalerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r∃m((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf(x,y) ∧ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ realizes(p,r) ∧ roleOf(r,m))

LA2:WholesalerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r1∃r2∃m∃e((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ Retailer(e) ∧ BuyerRole(r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,e) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ realizes(p,r2))

LA3:WholesalerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y∃p∃r∃r1∃r2∃m∃d((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(r,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ Distributor(d) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,m) ∧ realizes(p,r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,d))

true

role held by a person or business organization when it buys some product from a distributor and resells them to retailers

The required constructs for providing necessary and sufficient conditions are not available in this release.

LA1:if x is a 'wholesaler role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' that is 'agent in' some 'offering for sale business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity'

LA2:if x is a 'wholesaler role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' who is 'agent in' some 'supplying business process' p and p 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'buyer role' that is 'role of' some 'retailer'

LA3:if x is a 'wholesaler role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y who 'has role' some 'buyer role' and 'has realization' some 'buying business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and 'realizes' some 'supplier role' that is 'role of' some 'distributor'

agent in https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ The operator that runs a manual milling machin is 'agent in' the milling process, the driver of a truck is 'agent in' a transportation process

relationship from an agent to a process where the agent participates in the process and materially causes the occurrence of the process (plays a causal role).

performer in

depends on buyer https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the supply relationship for supplying Bridgestone Tire Model ABC by Bridgestone (supplier) to Ford (customer) depends on Ford

relation from a supply relationship to a buyer (the bearer), in which the relationship mediates between the buyer and some supplier and some product or service

depends on product https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the supply relationship for supplying Bridgestone Tire Model ABC by Bridgestone (supplier) to Ford (customer) depends on Tire Model ABC

relation from a supply relationship to a product (the bearer), in which the relationship mediates between the product and some supplier and customer

depends on supplier https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the supply relationship for supplying Bridgestone Tire Model ABC by Bridgestone (supplier) to Ford (customer) depends on Bridgestone Co.

relation from a supply relationship to a supplier (the bearer), in which the relationship mediates between the supplier and some customer and some product or service

ends at https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a transpotation process ends at the site of the loading bay of a plant

relationship from a process to a spatial region or site whevever the spatial region or site is the location in which the process ends

has agent https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a transportation service 'has agent' transportation service provider; a manual assembly process 'has agent' assembly operator

relation that holds between a process and agent when the agent participates in the process and plays a causal role

has text value https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the 'name identifer' of Ford has text value: "Ford Motor Company"

relationship between an information entity and a string representation

holds https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Amazon holds (has custody of) a shipment when it is out for delivery but not delivered yet.

holding doesn't necessarily imply ownership

relationship between an agent and a material entity when the agent physically keeps or carries the material entity

has custody of

initiates relationship https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ the contract signing event initiates a supply relationship between BMW and and its tire supplier company

relation between an event and a relational specifically dependent continuant where the event establishes (originates) the relational specifically dependent continuant as a mediator among several other entities

is site of https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a plant site 'is site of' some production process, a warehouse is the site of some storage process

relationship between a site or spatial region and a process when the process occurs at the site or spatial region

is supplied by at some time https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a phone plan is supplied by AT&T for a an agreed upon period of time

relationship between a commercial service or product and a supplier when it the service or product is provided by a supplier to a customer

is supplied to at some time https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ engine blocks are supplied to Toyota (by a specified supplier) for a given period of time, on-site jet engine inspection service is provided to American Ariline (by a specific contractor)

relationship between a commercial service or product and a customer when the customer buys the product or service from a supplier

occurs at https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a casting process occurs at the site of foundry, a flying process (of an airplane) occurs at a specified air corridor

relationship from a process to a spatial region or site whenvever the spatial region or site is the location in which the process unfolds

occurs on https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a machining process occurs on a temopral inverval between 10:00 AM and 10:05 AM

relation which holds between some processual entity and some temporal region whenever the duration of the processual entity is contained by the temporal region

owned by https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ my personal laptop computer is owned by me, the airplane operated by Southwest Airlines is owned by Southwest Airlines

relationship from a material entity to a person or business organization when the material entity is held by the person or business organization as legal property

owns https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ Southwest Airline owns its airplanes, I own my car

relationship from a person or business organization to an independent continuant when the agent holds the independent continuant as legal property

relationship initiated by https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a supply relationship between Apple and its chip supplier is initiated by an event during which a contract is signed by both parties

relation between a relational specifically dependent continuant and an event where the event establishes (originates) the relational specifically dependent continuant as a mediator among several other entities

starts at https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ this transportation process starts at the site of this storage facility

relationship from a process to a spatial region or site whevever the spatial region o site is the location in which the process starts

supplies to at some time https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ a suppliers of airbag systems suppliers airbags to Honda

relationship between a supplier and a customer when the supplier sells a product of service to a customer

GS1 GLN Specifications https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gln

identification scheme that specifies constraints on the structure of a GLN (global location number)

https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/BiopharmaMaterialProcurementAndStorage/

2026-03-19T08:56:00

https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/BiopharmaMaterialProcurementAndStorage/

2026-03-19T08:56:00

https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/BiopharmaMaterialProcurementAndStorage/

2026-03-19T08:56:00