chapter,division,sub_division,atu_id,tale_name,litvar,provenance,tale_type,remarks,combos
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1851,Anecdotes about Devout Women,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Perbosc 1907, 266f., 272f., 274ff., 316, Perbosc/Bru 1987, 18f., 88, Pelen 1994, 597ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1851A*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 81; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1851A; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Spanish-American: TFSP 13 (1937) 93f., 97�99, 14 (1938) 167f.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes that make fun of the extreme credulity of devout old women.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1853,Anecdotes about Millers,"Stiefel 1895, 254f.; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, Nos. 4, 5, 88, 89, I 2, No. 44, II 3, No. 6; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 785, cf. No. 825; EM 9 (1999) 998�1005 (S. Neumann).","French: Pelen 1994, 326ff.; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1946f., No. 53; Flemish: Eigen Volk 1 (1929) 122ff.; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 104, Moser-Rath 1984, 202�204, 289 not. 85, 449, not. 119, Berger 2001, No. 1853C*; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 145; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 135; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1853C*, 1853C**.","(Including the previous Types 1853A* and 1853B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about millers, esp. in which they steal from their customers [e.g. K341.11.1, K486].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1855,Anecdotes about Jews,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 105; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 199; Schwarzbaum 1968, 441; Dundes 1971.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 546�548; Latvian: Carpenter 1980, 217; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 118; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 28; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 591�593; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1855B�*1855F; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1855*, *1855, *1855B�*1855H; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1914, 1915, 2103, 2141�2145; English-Canadian: Elbaz 1982, No. 20; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 155*B; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about Jews. Most are anti-Semitic [X610]. Cf. Type 1656.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1855A,Jewish Woman Makes Parents Believe that she Is to Give Birth to the Messiah,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, Nos. 50, 55; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 104; Tubach 1969, No. 2807; EM 9 (1999) 595�599 (C. Magin).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff., 584; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: S�billot 1881, No. 8; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. 2336; Swiss: Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 78 No. 43; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 400f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3829; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1336b; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A young Jewish woman (nun) becomes pregnant by a student (clergyman). Out of fear of her father, the student disguises himself as an angel and tells the father that his daughter will give birth to the Messiah. Many people come to witness the birth. The woman bears a daughter (whom her angry father kills) [J2336, K1962]. Cf. Type 1547*.","Documented in the 13th century by Caesarius of Heisterbach, Dialogus miraculorum (I,2,24), based on a Hellenistic source from Egypt.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1855B,The Check in the Coffin,,"English: Ranke 1972, No. 90; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1855B*; German: R�hrich 1977, 289, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 148; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4775; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 305f.; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 284; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 256; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 70e, Dance 1978, 154f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1855.5.","On his deathbed, a Jew (farmer) asks his sons how much money they will put in his coffin to be buried with him. After he dies, two of the sons put the promised money into the coffin. The third writes a check for the entire amount. He puts this in the coffin and takes out the money that his brothers had put there for himself [K231.13].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1855C,The Rescuer's Sabbath,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 33; Wesselski 1909, No. 84; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 389; Tubach 1969, No. 2795.","French: EM 2 (1979) 538; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 258.","A Jew falls into a well (canal) but refuses to be pulled out, because it is the Sabbath. On the following day (Sunday) he calls for help, but now his Christian rescuer refuses because of his own Sabbath [J1613].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1855D,'You Don't Know what you Are Missing,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1855C*; German: Bemmann 1976, 209f.; Austrian: cf. Kunz 1985, 283; Jewish: cf. Landmann 1973, 470; Australian: cf. Adams/Newell 1999 I, 406; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 263, Davies 1990, 281.","' A priest rides in a train eating a ham sandwich. He offers one to a rabbi (Jew) sitting across from him. The rabbi explains that he is not allowed to eat pork. The clergyman says, 'You don't know what you are missing ' pork is very good.' When the clergyman leaves the train, the rabbi says, 'Greetings to your wife.' The clergyman answers that he is not allowed to marry. The rabbi replies, 'You don't know what you are missing ' women are very good.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1855E,The Rabbi and the Collection Money,,"English: McCosh 1979, 240; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1855D*; German: Bemmann 1976, 45; Austrian: Kunz 1985, 282; Jewish: Landmann 1997, 145; African American: Dance 1978, No. 76; Nigerian: Davies 1990, 16.","A rabbi asks two clergymen of different religions how much of the collection money they keep for themselves. One keeps five percent, and the other, ten percent. They ask him the same question, and he answers, 'I throw it all into the air and whatever those above do not take, I keep for myself.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1856,Children by Day and by Night,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 143; Wesselski 1908, No. 7; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 412; Tubach 1969, No. 3574; Wenzel 1979, 319f.; EM 9 (1999) 81, 84 not. 14.","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 91; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1273; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 311; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, 82f. No. 44.","A painter paints beautiful children, although his own children are ugly. Someone asks him why this is, and he explains that he makes the first by day and the second by night [J1273].","Documented by Macrobius, Saturnalia (II,2,10), in the 5th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1857,Painting the Red Sea,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1592C*; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1524; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 193, Hen�en 1935, 257f.; Italian: D�Aronco 1953, No. [1738]; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1184A; Jewish: Landmann 1997, 76; US-American: Fuller 1948, 76; South African: cf. Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1635.10.","In order to atone for his sins, or because someone has asked him to, a man (nobleman, Eulenspiegel, woman) undertakes to paint a picture of the children of Israel crossing the Red Sea. He covers the canvas (wall) entirely with red. When asked where the children of Israel and the Egyptians are, the painter answers that the Israelites have already passed through, and the Egyptians have drowned.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Ewlenspiegel wart ein maler (1556).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1860,Anecdotes about Lawyers,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 851; EM 1 (1977) 115�118 (E. Moser-Rath).","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Denmarks Almanak (1885) 105; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 43; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 243, Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 285, Goldberg 1998, No. *441.3.1; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 630, Cardigos (forthcoming); Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 82; Jewish: Jason 1965; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 208�217, 25 (1953) 5f.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about (usually) clever lawyers [e.g. K441.2.1].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1860A,Lawyers in Hell,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 117; EM 1 (1977) 115f.; EM 10 (2002) 1293�1296.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 584; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I A 2, No. 363.5; Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, No. 193; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 503, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 357, 358; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 50, 206; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 112, RE 3 (1964) 445ff.; Basque: Webster 1877, 200f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 118; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 80f.; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 96ff., 174f., 213ff., Ranke 1966, No. 79; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 49; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 275, 288f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 5f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man tells a magistrate (mayor, lawyer, policemen) that he dreamed about (went to) hell. There, in the fire, he was about to sit on an empty chair, but one of the devils stopped him, saying that it was reserved for the magistrate [X312]. (2) A man (St. Peter, several saints) in heaven wants to have a trial to establish his rights, but there are no lawyers there to conduct it.",NA,1738.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1860B,Dying like Christ ' between Two Thieves,EM 1 (1977) 116; EM: Sterben wie Christus (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 549; Irish: Ranke 1972, No. 88; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 14; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 187, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 217, cf. Moser-Rath 1984, 216; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A dying man asks his wife to summon the lawyer and the notary (clergyman and sexton). When they stand on both sides of his deathbed, he says that he feels like the dying Christ, between two thieves [X313].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1860C,Doubts his own Guilt,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; English-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966.","A defense lawyer speaks so eloquently that his client, who had confessed to a crime, comes to doubt his own guilt and changes his plea [X319.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1860D,The Lawyer's Letter Opened,Halpert/Thomas 2001.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 51; Scottish: Rogers 1870, 150, Shaw 1983, 67; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 281ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1585C; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1860D*; German: Dittmaier 1950, 175, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 200, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 77, Rehermann 1977, 465; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 55, Bird 1956, 216f.; US-American: Hupfield 1897, 719, Burkhart/Schmidtlein 1995, 51ff.","Two farmers (neighbors) have an argument (over their common boundary) and go to court to settle their dispute. They go one after the other to the same lawyer, who refers the second man to a colleague, giving him a letter. The farmer opens the letter and sees that the lawyer promises his colleague and himself a good profit. The farmer shows the letter to the other farmer, and they settle their dispute without legal help.","Documented in 1566 by Henri Estienne, Apologie pour H�rodote.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1860E,Threshing Documents,EM 1 (1977) 116f.,"German: ZfVk. 28 (1918) 133 No. 3, Moser-Rath 1984, 183, 407f. No. 148, 458; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 867; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1585B.","A farmer has received a legal statement from a lawyer. When checking the document, for which he has to pay by the page, he realizes that the lawyer has written the paper with wide spaces between the lines (and that the last part of the page is blank). The lawyer explains that this is how documents have to be written. The farmer cannot pay the bill and offers to repay the lawyer with his own work. He takes revenge by threshing the lawyer's grain (plowing his field), leaving wide spaces unthreshed between the rows. He explains that this is called 'document-style threshing'.",Documented in the 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1861,Anecdotes about Judges,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 124; EM 11,2 (2004) 654�662 (H. Schempf).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 584; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: DFS 1906/14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 186, II, 7, 40f., 58, 158f., 160, 161, Karadi 1937, 280f., Filipovi 1949, 267; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 260, 332, IV, Nos. 409, 419, 420, Pilikova 1992, No. 83; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 217f.; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 206ff.","This miscellaneous type comprises various anecdotes about judges, in most of which the judge settles a case to his own disadvantage.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1861*,"'Keep your Seats!' A proud woman (mayor's wife, male student) arrives late in church (appears before an academic assembly) just as the congregation (audience) is standing up to pray","Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 381; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 119; EM 2 (1979) 1039f.; Hansen 2002, 233f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 2, VI, Nos. 551, 552; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 153, Zender 1984, No. 229; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4868; Ukrainian: SUS.","She thinks they have stood up on her account, so she bids them sit down (the student says he will take the seat by the door). She too had once been poor.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1861A,The Greater Bribe,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 126; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 125, 128, II, Nos. 852, 853; Schwarzbaum 1968, 347f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2851, 2998; EM 2 (1979) 211�214; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 121.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 550; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 116; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 22, Baughman 1966; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1192.1; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 159, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 1632, 1773; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 201, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 168, Moser-Rath 1984, 288 not. 76, 290f. not. 111, 385 No. 69, 435; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 137; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4972; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1861A, *1861A*, cf. Nos. *1861A**, *1861A***; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 249; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 282; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 397, El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 130.","In order to resolve their dispute, two men go to a judge. Before the judge makes his decision, one of the men brings him a wagon (ox, ax, jar of oil, milk, brass lamp). The other man brings him a horse (fur, cow or butter, sow, piglet, mule). The judge decides in favor of the second man. When the first man complains that his wagon went the wrong way, the judge explains that it went the way the horse pulled it [K441.2] (the fur stopped up the ox's throat, the sow knocked over the oil jar, the piglet drank the milk, etc.) [J1192.1]. Cf. Type 1345.","Documented in the 9th century as an Arabian anecdote. Early European literary source in the 15th century, see Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 256).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1862,Anecdotes about Doctors (Physicians),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 281 No. 165; EM 1 (1977) 849�853 (W. D. Hand).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 493, cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 417; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1955; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 421, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1862G*, 1862J*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1862D�*1862F; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 61, 223, II, 143f., 165f., 196; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 84; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1862, 1862*D; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 268; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1862D, 1862E, 1862*; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 136; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. *1872; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about doctors. In many cases, the doctor does not know how to treat a patient (and the patient dies). In others, the patient takes the doctor's instructions literally or follows them incorrectly [K1955, X372]. Cf. Type 1349N*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1862A,Sham Physician: Using the Flea Powder,"Wesselski 1912, 146, 273; EM 4 (1984) 1308�1310 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 553, 554; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 245, 498; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1548A*, 1862A; German: Wossidlo 1910, 143f., Neumann 1968a, No. 114; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 25; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 161; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3894; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. **1690; Azerbaijan: Tachmasib 1958, 217f.; Kazakh: Reichl 1986, No. 24; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 155; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","A huckster sells powder that he guarantees will kill fleas. When someone asks how to use it, he replies that one has to catch the flea, hold its mouth open, and put a grain of powder in it [K1955.4].","Documented in the late 15th century by the Italian novellist Lodovico Carbone, Facezie (No. 106). The role of the charlatan is assigned to various regional tricksters (e.g. Pierre Faifeu, Eulenspiegel, Nasreddin Hodja).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1862C,Diagnosis by Observation (previously Imitation of Diagnosis by Observation: Ass's Flesh),"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 34; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 167; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 792; Tubach 1969, No. 374; EM 3 (1981) 573�575 (E. Moser-Rath); Uther 1988c, 39f.; Marzolph 1992 I, 215f., II, No. 1238.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 555; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Ranke 1972, No. 13; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J2412.4, Chevalier 1983, No. 245; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 103, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 183, Moser-Rath 1984, 196f., 287 not. 61; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 46; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 93; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 85; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; US-American: Randolph 1955, 164, 225, Baughman 1966; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A doctor diagnoses that a sick man has eaten too much chicken (fruit). The doctor's son asks how he knew this. The doctor answers that he looked through the man's garbage and noticed the bones (peels). The son is called to a different sickbed. He notices a donkey saddle under the bed (by the door) and diagnoses that the sick man has eaten too much donkey meat (horse and wagon, a pillow). The doctor's son is ridiculed [J2412.4]. Cf. Type 1739. Or, he diagnoses that a sick woman has overexerted herself in church work (politics), because he finds a clergyman (politician) under her bed.","Documented at the end of the 12th century as an Arabian anecdote. Early European literary source in the15th century, see Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 109).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1862D,The Constipated Cow,,"Dutch: Huizenga-Onnekes/Laan 1930, 292f., Kooi 1985f., No. 44; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1862D*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 157; Flemish: Volkskunde 17 (1905) 23; German: Dietz 1951, No. 297, Neumann 1968b, No. 186.","A veterinarian (charlatan) is called to treat a sick cow. He tells the farmer (farmhand) to hold the animal's mouth open and look in. The veterinarian holds up the cow's tail and holds a lantern under it. The farmer looking into the mouth cannot see the light, so the veterinarian says the cow suffers from constipation.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1862E,The Most Common Profession,"Gonnella/Wesselski 1920, No. 11.","Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1423; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1862E*; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 65; German: Buch der Weisen und Narren (1705) No. 29, Lexicon apophthegmaticum (1718) No. 790 (EM archive), Rehermann 1977, 305, 480; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 143, Kov�cs 1988, 197, D�m�t�r 2001, 292.","A court jester wants to show the king that the most common profession in the kingdom is that of doctoring. He ties a cloth around his head and pretends that he has a toothache. Everyone who comes by offers advice about treatments for toothache, and thus the king can see how many doctors there are [N63].","Documented since the late Middle Ages, e.g. Giovanni Pontano, De sermone (VI,2,29).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1862F,What Is Good for One Is Not Good for All,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1862F*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 156a, 156b; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, Nos. 1263, 1501, 1514; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 201, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 171, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 177; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5790.","A sick smith comes to a quack doctor who prescribes that he should eat bacon pancakes (cauliflower with bacon) three times a day. Three days later the doctor sees the smith working hard and thinks that his prescription cured him. Later, a sick tailor comes to the same doctor and the doctor gives him the same prescription. When the tailor dies, the doctor decides that his prescription was good for smiths but not for tailors.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1864,Anecdotes about Madmen,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, No. 164; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 360, II, No. 770; Legman 1968f. I, 160�163; R�hrich 1977, 185�189.","German: Moser-Rath 1984, 57, 61�63; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. *1864, Jason 1988a, No. *1864, Haboucha 1992, No. *1864; Syrian: Dietrich 1956, No. 42.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about people who are insane.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1865,Anecdotes about Foreigners,,"Lithuanian: Jurkschat 1898, 51 No. 16, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 246; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 26, II, Nos. 597�601, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1865*; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovene: Vrtec 71 (1940�41) 64; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 236, 333, 334, II, 30, 69f., 176; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 572, Pilikova 1992, Nos. 49, 74�76; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1865A�C; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1864; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992, Nos. **1865A, **1865B.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about foreigners (people from a neighboring country or town). Often the people are stereotyped, e.g. as thieves, as lazy, or as malicious. Some of the anecdotes refer to their ancestors: they are said to descend from some kind of animal.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1867,Anecdotes about the Gentry,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1867, *1867*�1867***; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1867A*; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, 283f.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 540, Pilikova 1992, No. 51; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1866, 1872; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 18671, 18672; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 18672.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about noblemen.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1868,Anecdotes about Hanging (Gallows Humor),"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 815; Obdrlik 1941f.; Anderson 1960, 67; Moser-Rath 1973; EM 5 (1987) 654�660 (E. Moser-Rath).","Dutch: Groningen 30 (1948) 60, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 770, 2029, 2162; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1207*, 1207**, 1868* 1�11; Flemish: Roeck 1980, 151, 253; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, Nos. 255, 302, II, No. 9, Neumann 1968c, 252�254, Neumann 1976, No. 356, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 132; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1306*V, VII B, No. 1561F*; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3937�3957, 4473, 4475; US-American: Dodge 1987, 150.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes consisting of humorous dialogs between a criminal and the hangman, or in which the hanging cannot take place because the gallows falls apart. Cf. Types 927B'927D.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1870,Anecdotes about Various Religions and Sects,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 204ff.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 59, 130, 131, 135�137, 187, 189, 193, 194, 199, 200, 214, 215, 275, 277, II, 1, 3ff., 6, 9, 18, 26, 29, 33f., 48, 50, 87, 91f., 100f., 116, 135f., 156, 159, 193, 195; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 52; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. *1871.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about people of a particular religion.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871,Anecdotes about Philosophers,EM 10 (2002) 1016�1021 (S. Wienker-Piepho).,NA,NA,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871A,Star Gazer Falls into Well,"Wesselski 1908, No. 9; Tubach 1969, No. 3750; EM 1 (1977) 929f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 207, 210 not. 25.","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 25; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J2133.8; German: Gerlach, Eutrapeliarum (1656) No. 742, Kurtzweiliger Zeitvertreiber (1685) 294c, Lyrum larum lyrissimum (1700) No. 299 (EM archive), Rehermann 1977, 383 No. 8; Swiss: Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 109f. No. 160; Italian: EM 6 (1990) 294; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 258; Greek: EM 1 (1977) 275.","A philosopher (Thales) always looks up in order to observe the stars. He falls into a well. An old woman asks him why he wants to learn about the stars, when he cannot even walk on earth without stumbling [J2133.8].","Documented by Plato, Theaitetos (174a); also an Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 428 No. 40); popularized by La Fontaine, Fables (II,13).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871B,King Cannot Destroy the City,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 508; Tubach 1969, Nos. 105, 139; Marzolph 1992 I, 147f., II, No. 10.","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 68; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1289.10; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 152.",A king wants to destroy a city. A philosopher from the city comes and asks for mercy. The king says that he always does the opposite of what people ask him to do. The philosopher asks him to destroy the city and thus saves it [J1289.10].,Documented in the 9th century as an Arabian anecdote.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871C,The Cynic Wants Sunlight,"Chauvin 1892ff. IX, 35 No. 27; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 802; Tubach 1969, No. 1673; EM 3 (1981) 676�681 (H.-J. Uther); Schwarzbaum 1989a, 328�332; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 623; Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 223f. (M. Kern).","Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1442.1, German: Tomkowiak 1993, 284.","The king asks the cynic (Diogenes) what he can do for him. The philosopher asks him to move his shadow and get out of his light. He says, 'Don't take away from me what you can't give me.' [J1442.1].","Classical origin: Cicero (106ff.B.C.), Tusculanae disputationes (V,92). In the Middle Ages documented e.g. by Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 28).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871D,The Cynic and the Bald-headed Man,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 802; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxxix not. 9; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 274.","German: Gerlach, Eutrapeliae I (1647) No. 733 (EM archive).","A bald man insults a philosopher. The philosopher replies, 'I envy (praise) your hair. It left you a long time ago.' [J1442.9].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 488 No. 375).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871E,The Cynic and the Stone-throwing Boy,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 802; Schwarzbaum 1983, 62; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 526.","Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1442.7; German: Lehmann, Exilium melancholiae (1643) No. 17, Zincgref/Weidner IV (1655) 122f., Schola Curiositatis I (1660) 251 (EM archive).","An illegitimate boy who throws stones is warned by a cynic, 'Watch out, you might hit your father.' [J1442.7].",Documented in the 11th century as an Arabian anecdote.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871F,Diogenes and the Lantern,EM 3 (1981) 677�679.,"German: Hammer, Rosetum historiarum (1654) 33 (EM archive), Rehermann 1977, 297, 536f., EM 7 (1993) 869; D�m�t�r 1992, No. 194.","Diogenes carries a lantern through the marketplace in broad daylight. When he is asked what he is doing, he replies, 'Looking for an honest man.' [J1303].","Aesopic fable (Phaedrus/Perry 1965, III,19).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Anecdotes About Other Groups Of People 1850-1874,NA,1871Z,Other Anecdotes about Diogenes,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 382, 477, II, No. 736; Tubach 1969, Nos. 148, 822, 1674�1676, 2021; EM 3 (1981) 676�681 (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 273, 527, 528; Largier 1997.","Spanish: Childers 1948, Nos. J1442.1.2.*, J1442.2.1.*, J1442.3.1.*, J1442.7.2.*, J1442.8.1.*, J1442.12.1.*, J1442.14.*, J1442.20.*�J1442.24.*; German: Hammer, Rosetum historiarum (1654) 175, 271, Buch der Weisen und Narren (1705) nos. 150�153, 156, 158�164, 166, 167, 319, 337, 363, 488 (EM archive); Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 238; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 148.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about the philosopher Diogenes [J1442.1.1, J1442.2, J1442.3, J1442.4, J1442.4.1, J1442.5, J1442.6, J1442.8, J1442.10]. Examples: (1) When Diogenes sees children drinking from their cupped hands, he gives up his own drinking cup. (2) A servant of the king sees Diogenes eating cabbage (washing lettuce) and says, 'If you worked for my master, you would have better things to eat.' Diogenes answers, 'If you would eat cabbage, you would not have to flatter your master.' [J211.1]. Cf. Type 201.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1775,The Hungry Clergyman,EM 10 (2002) 871�875 (A. Gier).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 402�405; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 331; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 274; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 974; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Meyrac 1890, 442ff., Massignon 1953, No. 4; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 491, 727, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. *1524A, 1775; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1292*, Kooi 2003, No. 81; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1691, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 146; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 43; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 288, Moser-Rath 1984, 288; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 113; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1775, and app.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1775A*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 420ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 21f.; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 376f., 377�380; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 49; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Boratav 1955, No. 15; Ossetic: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 27; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 98; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 374, 384; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Chinese: Graham 1954, No. 602; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1775, cf. No. 1691C; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 70; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 19; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 93; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 80.","This type combines one of two introductory episodes with a common main part. Introductory episodes: (1) Cf. Type 1691. (2) Master and servant (clergyman and sexton) go hunting (in the forest). The servant brings food but the master does not. When they become hungry, the servant eats his food privately and tells the master that he is eating hay (horse droppings). In the evening they are tired when they come to a farm. The servant warns his master not to accept an invitation to eat when it is first offered. He also tells the farmer not to invite the master more than once, or he will become angry. The master declines the first invitation, and it is not repeated. During the night, he goes out in search of food, and gives the servant the end of a rope to hold. The servant ties his end of the rope to the innkeeper's bed, which motivates the next part of the tale. Main part: The hungry man eats his fill and wants to take some food to his companion. He winds up in the host's bed and thinks the backside of the housewife is his companion's face. When she farts, he thinks his companion is blowing on the food to cool it. Angry that the 'man' will not eat, he slaps the porridge into his 'face'. The woman wakes up and thinks she has soiled the bed [X431]. In some variants, the tale continues: The guest washes his messy hands in a jug and cannot get them out. Intending to break the jug on a stone, he breaks it instead on the bald head of the host or on the buttocks of the host's wife, who has gotten up to clean herself.","Documented in the late-13th century French fabliau by Gautier Le Leu, De deus vilains.","1653, 1691, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1776,The Sexton Falls into the Brewing Vat,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 406; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 334; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 446; Dutch: cf. Tinneveld 1976, No. 192; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975.","A sexton goes to steal some beer from a clergyman. He hides and observes the clergyman in intimate relations with the maid (his wife). The sexton falls from his hiding place into the brewing vat. The couple think it is the devil, and flee [K1271.1.4]. The sexton gets the beer [K335]. Cf. Type 1360.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1777A*,'l Can't Hear You,EM 10 (2002) 875f. (S. Neumann).,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 341; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: cf. Perbosc 1907, No. 1, Pelen 1994, No. 161; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 193f., Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 146; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 265, Bodens 1937, No. 1139; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 495; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 97, Dolenec 1972, No. 57; Macedonian: Eschker 1986, No. 81; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4383; Bulgarian: BFP; US-American: Leary 1991, No. 244; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 68.","' A sexton confesses to a priest, who wants him to admit that he stole from the priest's wine cellar (communion wine, field) when the priest was away. The sexton pretends not to understand what the priest means. Intending to demonstrate, the priest exchanges places with the sexton (in the confessional, in the church). Acting as the priest, the sexton asks who visits (kisses, sleeps with) his wife when he is away. The priest pretends he cannot hear the question [X441.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1781,Sexton's Own Wife Brings her Offering,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I, No. 40; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 81.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 408; French: Perbosc 1907, No. 16, Joisten 1971 II, No. 253, Pelen 1994, No. 110; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 257, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 147, 148; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, app., Rossi 1987, No. 2; African American: Dance 1978, No. 98A�B; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 216, 217, Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 71.","A clergyman and a sexton agree that the sexton may have all money given as offerings by the women who have slept with the clergyman. When a woman whom he has slept with comes with an offering, the clergyman says, 'Take it.' This happens also when the sexton's wife comes [K1541].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1785,The Clergyman Put to Flight During his Sermon,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 251�253; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Meier 1852, No. 51; Italian: De Simone 1994, 266ff.; Kalmyk: cf. Dimbinov 1962, No. 40; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 31; Yemenite: Lebedev 1990, No. 53; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 4; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","Miscellaneous Type. For one reason or another, a clergyman runs away in the middle of the service. For example, he sees a dog eating his dinner or a man stealing his hat; or, a man hiding behind a saint's image curses him, etc. [X411].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1785A,The Sausage in the Pocket (previously The Sexton's Dog Steals the Sausage from the Parson's Pocket),"Cf. Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 103; EM: Wurst in der Tasche des Pastors (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 409; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 344, 348; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 442�444; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 172; German: Wisser 1922f. I, 87f., Schmitz 1975, 55f.","A preacher is given a sausage by one of his parishioners and goes directly to the church with it in the rear pocket of his coat. A dog smells the sausage and follows him. When the preacher is in the pulpit, the sexton brings him a book which he had forgotten. So as not to be observed, the sexton bends over and crawls up the steps to the pulpit and pulls on the preacher's coat. The preacher thinks it is the dog and kicks him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1785B,The Needle in the Pulpit (previously The Sexton Puts a Needle in the Sacramental Bread),EM 9 (1999) 1139�1141 (J. van der Kooi).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 410; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 346, 351, 352; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 105; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 1785B, 1836; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: EU, Nos. 547, 19360; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 143�145, 148, 216, 303, cf. No. 147; French: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1836**; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 25, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1836*; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1833e; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 174; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 282, Selk 1949, No. 55; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1785B, 1836*; Russian: SUS, No. 1785*; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1836*.) A preacher has a habit of striking his hands on the pulpit (Bible, communion bread). Some boys (confirmation students, altar boys, students) want to play a trick on him. They stick needles into the edge of the pulpit (smear it with manure or butter). The preacher poses a rhetorical question, 'Who created the world' ('What is our earthly life'), strikes the pulpit, and hits a nail (the manure). He answers his question, 'Those damn boys!' ('Shit!') [X411.2].",Documented since the late 19th century.,"1785C, 1837."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1785C,The Sexton's Wasp nest,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 411, 412; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 345, 349, 350; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 286; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 448, 449; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 283; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 103, El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: TFSP 13 (1937) 103; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: cf. Flowers 1953.","Boys (sexton) hide a wasp nest in the pulpit. During the sermon, the wasps sting the preacher. Finally he cannot stand it any more and leaves, saying, 'I have the word of God in my mouth, but the devil is in my pants.' [X411.3]. Cf. Type 49.",NA,1785B.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1786,The Clergyman Rides an Ox in the Church (previously The Parson in the Church on the Ox),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 413; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 339; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Ashton 1884, 2; German: Lyrum larum (1700) 41 No. 102 (EM archive), Hen�en 1935, No. 207, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 404.","On Palm Sunday, a preacher wants to show his congregation exactly how Jesus came to Jerusalem, and rides into the church on an ox (horse). The sexton sticks the ox with a needle, and it runs wild [X414].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1790,The Clergyman and the Sexton Steal a Cow,EM 10 (2002) 876f. (S. Neumann).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 414; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 336; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 338; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 53, Kristensen 1897a, No. 23, Kristensen 1899, No. 477�479; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: cf. Bll. f. Pomm. Vk. 9 (1901) 60�62, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 286; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 106; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 506; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 290; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 24; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5370; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A clergyman and a sexton steal a cow (other animal), and are suspected of the theft. The sexton is ready to find a solution (says his conscience troubles him; he wants to admit publicly to the theft; makes the clergyman give him money not to tell anyone). In court (before an assembly), the sexton, to the clergyman's horror, describes their theft and its aftermath in detail. At the end, he says, 'Then I woke up' (fell out of bed from fright) [J1155]. The judge (audience) takes the story for a dream, and lets the thieves suspects go free. Cf. Type 1364.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1791,The Sexton Carries the Clergyman,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 56; BP I, 520�528; BP III, 393�395; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 82; Raudsep 1976; EM 8 (1996) 676�681 (S. Neumann); Dekker et al. 1997, 344f.; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 415, 416; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 337; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 292; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 115, Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 23, Kristensen 1890, No. 165; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 338; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 14, 14ff., 36f., 193f., 211f., 295ff.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 57d, Joisten 1971 II, No. 230; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. X424; Portuguese: Parasita 2002, Nos. 20, 205, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1525F, 1791; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 165; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 480, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 184, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 59, Berger 2001; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 454f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 87; Slovene: Krinik 1874, 2ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 99; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 375; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. X424; English-Canadian; Baughman 1966, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 121�126; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1931, No. 140, Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 25; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 38�42, 22 (1949) 207�214, 25 (1953) 245�247, 29 (1959) 169, 31 (1962) 17�19, Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966, Dorson 1967, Nos. 49, 58, Dance 1978, No. 47; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1282; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1525F.) Two thieves (farmhands, apprentices) decide that one of them will steal cabbage (nuts) while the other steals a sheep (pig, horses). They plan to meet in the graveyard (tomb) at night to divide their booty. The man who took the cabbage arrives first and begins to divide: 'One for me, one for you.' The sexton hears this and thinks it is a ghost (the devil, the Last Judgment). He brings the clergyman to come and hear this for himself. The clergyman is lame (suffers from rheumatism), so the sexton has to carry him on his back. The cabbage-thief thinks this must be his confederate with the sheep, and calls out, 'Throw it here so we can slaughter it.' The sexton, terrified, drops his burden and runs away, but is overtaken by the clergyman who is so frightened that he forgot about his injury [X424].",Documented ca. 1300 in the Alphabetum narrationum (No. 333).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1791*,The Murderers' House,,"Norwegian: Kvideland 1985, 155, No. 25; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1791A*; German: Zender 1984, 174f.","Two young men lose their way on an autumn evening and stay overnight in a secluded house. One of them hears the owner (sees him take a knife and) say, 'No matter how young they are, they have to die.' ('It's lucky that he is so fat.') The young man thinks he and his friend are about to be murdered. It turns out that the owner was planning to kill two sheep (a rooster).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1792,The Stingy Clergyman and the Slaughtered Pig,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 181; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 790; Schwarzbaum 1980, 253�257; Dekker et al. 1997, 142�144; EM 10 (2002) 869�871 (S. Neumann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 417; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 14, Hoffmann 1973; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 166ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 421, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 358, 927; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 183; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1963a, No. 74, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 289, 291, Berger 2001; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 19; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 24; Croatian: Eschker 1986, No. 29; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5379; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 25; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A clergyman (citizen, farmer), who has benefited from others' communal slaughtering parties, does not want to give away any of his own pig. His sexton (neighbor) advises him to hang the animal's carcass outdoors over night and to take it inside secretly early in the morning. He can tell the neighbors that it was stolen. The clergyman follows this advice, but, in the night, the sexton comes and steals the pig. In the morning, the clergyman comes and complains that his pig really was stolen. The sexton pretends not to believe this, and tells the clergyman that his act is so convincing, no one will mind his not sharing the meat [K343.2.1]. Cf. Type 1831.","See Boccaccio, Decamerone (VIII,6), for an early version. Appears as an independent tale and also as an introduction to Types 1536A, 1537 and 1735A. Occasionally found in a chain along with other humorous anecdotes.","1536A, 1537, and 1735A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Clergyman And Sexton 1775-1799,1792B,The Clergyman and the Sexton Steal a Hog,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 192; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 962*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 962***.","A clergyman steals a hog, kills it, hides it in his boat, and rows away. When his followers ask him if he has seen a hog thief, he denies it. He takes the hog home where he shows it to the sexton, who thereupon wants to steal a hog as well. In the night, they plan to light the hog's head with tinder, in order to kill the animal. But when in the darkness the clergyman puts the burning tinder for a moment on his own knee, the sexton thinks it is the hog's head, and he cuts his companion's knee with his axe. The cries of pain awaken the inhabitants of the house, and the two thieves are caught.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1800,Stealing Something Small (previously Stealing Only a Small Amount),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 327f.; EM 2 (1979) 51, 54 not. 12; EM: Stehlen: Nur eine Kleinigkeit s. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 418; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 146, 147; French: cf. Perbosc 1907, No. 5; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 72, cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 404; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 180, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 166; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 134, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5315, 5327; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Australian: Scott 1985, 166f.; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 125; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1878; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. K188.","In confession, a man admits he has stolen something small ' a rope. However, at the end of the rope there was a cow (sheep, ox, donkey) [K188]. Cf. Type 1630A*.","Documented in the 11th century in China. Early European literary source, see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 40) from 1558.",1807A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804,Imagined Penance for Imagined Sin,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 158 No. 163; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 298, II, No. 810; Harkort 1956, 54�84; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 51; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 609; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 372; EM: Scheinbu�e (forthcoming).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 293�295, 362, II, Nos. 359�361, cf. Kristensen 1899, Nos. 260�266, 351; French: Karlinger/Gr�ciano 1974, No. 56; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 228, cf. Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 262; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 160ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 110, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1778; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 285 not. 22, 288 not. 76, 290f. not. 111; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 384f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 250, II, No. 444; Macedonian: Ranke 1972, No. 199; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3324, II, No. 5677; Bulgarian: BFP; Indian: Jason 1989, Nos. 1804, 1804*C; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Dorson 1964, 448f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. *1800**E.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A penitent (young woman) comes to confession and says that he has planned to do something sinful. The clergyman answers that the thought is as good as the deed, and orders the penitent to pay a certain amount of money for his absolution. The penitent says that the sin was only imaginary, so the clergyman must accept an imaginary payment [J1551.2]. (2) After the confession of an imagined sin, a penitent is supposed to work for the clergyman, but instead he lies under a tree. The clergyman asks him why he is not doing anything, and he answers that his intention to work is as good as the deed.","Documented in the 11th century as an Arabian anecdote. Early European literary source (13th century), see Cento novelle antiche (No. 91).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804*,The Eel Filled with Sand,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 420; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 342; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 248; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1785*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984.",A clergyman promises absolution to a penitent in return for a large eel. The penitent sends him an eelskin (skins from many eels) filled with sand. The clergyman says that the man's sins will not be absolved.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804**,Tales about Payment for Absolution,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. *1803*, *1804C, *1808*; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1804*D; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, Nos. 1804**, 1807C, SUS, No. 1807*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1804A*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1804B*.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which a penitent cheats a clergyman out of payment that he has demanded in return for granting absolution. Cf. Type 1806*.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804B,Payment with the Clink of Money,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 84 No. 13; Fischer/Bolte 1895, 210f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 48; Besthorn 1935, 33�36; Harkort 1956, 54�84; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 806; EM: Scheinbu�e (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 419; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1172.2, Chevalier 1983, No. 229, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 273, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 5; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5678; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 195; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1635M, 1804; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Marzolph 1996, No. 480; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 96; Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 86; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 128; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 65; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 254; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 37; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 147; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 5; African American: Dorson 1956, 60f.; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Type 1804A.) A man demands payment from other persons because they smelled the first man's dinner (softened their bread in its steam) while it was being cooked. A judge decrees that the other persons should pay with the clink of coins [J1172.2]. In Lithuanian variants, a clergyman shows a communion wafer to a sick man through a window and tells him to imagine that he has received it. The sick man shows the clergyman some money through the window and repeats the same instructions [J1551.10]. (Previously Type 1804A.)","Documented in the 11th century as an Arabian anecdote. Early European literary source (13th century), see Cento novelle antiche (No. 9).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804C,Poem for Poem,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 506; Harkort 1956, 38�52; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 58.","Spanish: Childers 1948, Nos. J1581.1, J2415.1.2*, Childers 1977, No. J1581.1.","A poet sends a flattering poem to his ruler and hopes for a generous reward. Instead, the ruler sends a poem to the poet. The poet sends his ruler a little money, saying that it is all that he has. The ruler recognizes this trick and makes friends with the poet [J1551.3, J1581.1, cf. K231.7].",Documented in the 9th century as an Arabian anecdote.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804D,The Shadow of the Donkey,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 V, No. 120; Schwarzbaum 1979, xlv not. 60; Hansen 2002, 77.","German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 164; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 217.","A donkey driver lets a farmer rent his donkey. It is a hot day, so the farmer stands (sits) in the donkey's shadow. The driver protests that the farmer rented only the donkey, not its shadow [J1169.7].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 516 No. 460). Parts of the tale also documented by Plutarch, Moralia (848A).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1804E,Confession in Advance,"Tubach 1969, No. 3663.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1801*; English: Wardroper 1970, 69f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1808*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1808*, Lox 1999a, No. 71; German: Dietz 1951, No. 164, Elling 1979, 114; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4286; US-American: Dodge 1987, 17.","A penitent has committed a small sin, for which he is assessed a small amount of money. He pays double so that he can commit another sin for free (can do the same thing again, steal a horse that belongs to the confessor [J1635]). Cf. Type 1586B.","Documented in the 14th/15th century in Mensa philosophica (IV,53).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1805,Confessions of a Pious Woman,"EM 2 (1979) 51, 54 not. 15.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Perbosc 1907, 115, 215f., 223ff., 227f., 229f., 231f., 233; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 514, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Janssen 1979, 142; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 65, Hoursch 1925 I, 9.","An old woman confesses her carnal sins to a clergyman, who replies that they must have taken place many years before. The woman agrees, and adds that she still enjoys remembering them.",NA,"1698G, 1831A*."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1805*,The Clergyman's Children,,"Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 29, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: D�Aronco 1953, No. [1741]a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5316; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1735A; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.",A red-headed clergyman demands that a (cattle) thief confess his sins publicly from the pulpit. The clergyman tells the congregation that everything the man says there is true. The thief announces that the clergyman is the father of all the red-haired children in the village. Cf. Type 1735A.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1806,Dinner in Heaven (previously Will Lunch with Christ),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 298; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 126; EM 9 (1999) 42�44 (S. Neumann).","German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 189, Moser-Rath 1984, 189, 286f. not. 57, 288 not. 68, 290f. not. 111; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 101; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1858.","A clergyman visits a condemned criminal to offer him consolation, and tells him that tonight he will be having dinner with God. The criminal invites the clergyman to take his place, but the clergyman declines the invitation (says he is fasting) [J1261.3]. In some variants, a high-ranking clergyman speaks to soldiers before a battle, encouraging them to fight bravely and saying that those who die will dine with God that very day. The soldiers ask why the clergyman does not join them. He replies that he is not hungry.","The form with the condemned man was documented in 1508 in Heinrich Bebel, Facetiae (Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 42), the form about the soldiers in Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 19) in the 15th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1806*,Tales of Confessions,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 230, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1801; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 183, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 604, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1806*C, 1806*D; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 22; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 54; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1801�1803, 1806C, cf. No. 1810A; Russian: SUS, No. 1802*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1801*, 1801A*, 1801B*, 1802**, 1802***; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 1806*C; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. *1801; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1858; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1806.",(Including the previous Type 1806B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecedotes about confessions. E.g. the penitent offers to trade his fate (future) with the clergyman's or gives some other quick-witted answer. Cf. Type 1804**.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1806A*,The Clergyman as Prosecutor,,"Spanish: Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 150f.; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mexican: Robe 1970, No. 181; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1806.","Two farmers (grandfather and grandson) go to confession. The clergyman asks the first (the grandson) where God is, but the man cannot answer. The clergyman asks the other one the same thing, but he also cannot answer. The two men think that the clergyman is blaming them for God's disappearance and hurry away.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1807,The Equivocal Confession,EM 2 (1979) 50f.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 231, cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 410; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 513, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, 27 No. 85; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 383, Kl�mov� 1966, No. 88; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 32, 89; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 304ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Tillhagen 1948, 51ff., Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 277.","A thief (Gypsy) who has stolen a piece of bacon from the clergyman's soup (the clergyman's fur coat or hat) tells the clergyman in confession that he drove a hog out of the vegetables (rescued someone from a bear, or tipped his hat). The clergyman praises him for his good deed (manners) and only afterwards discovers what really happened.",NA,1807A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1807A,'The Owner Has Refused to Accept It,"EM 2 (1979) 51, 54 not. 11; EM 3 (1981) 1180f. (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 421, 422; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 338; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 36, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 510, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tiel 1855, 89; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 202, Debus 1951, 271 No. B43, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, 27 No. 85, Moser-Rath 1984, 419f.; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 200; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 254ff.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 383; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 32; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 302f.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 304; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 4278, 5317; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1807, 1807A; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 501; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: cf. Esche 1976, 401ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 112 No. 6.","' A thief (Gypsy) steals the clergyman's gold watch (snuffbox). The thief confesses that he stole a watch and offers to give it to the clergyman, who refuses it saying that the thief should return it to its owner. The thief says honestly that the owner has refused to accept it. The clergyman tells the thief that he may then keep the watch, and gives him absolution. Later, when the clergyman discovers his mistake, it is too late to get his watch back [K373]. In some variants, the clergyman wants the thief to announce his finding in public, but the thief reminds him that what is said in confession is secret.",Documented in the 17th century in German jestbooks.,"1800, 1807."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1807A*,'Who Has Lost This' A man comes to confession with a purse of money which he has found (a clergyman finds such a purse),"Cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 431.","Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 247; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 493, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, 418ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1807A; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *1556A; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","In order to return it to its owner, the man is supposed to announce his finding in the city, but he speaks so softly (has hidden the purse so) that no one understands. Since no one claims the purse, the man is permitted to keep it.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1807B,Sleeping with God's Daughters,"EM 2 (1979) 51f., 54 not. 19.","Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1807C; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, 236ff.; Portuguese: Ribeiro 1934, 42f., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Neumann 1968b, 119f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3896; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1991, No. **1807B*.","For his penance, a man is required to abstain for four weeks from eating flesh and drinking liquor, not to sleep in a feather bed, and to abstain from sexual relations with women. He goes to a convent where he is provided with meat and wine, and where he sleeps on a bed of down with the nuns. When he tells his confessor about this, the clergyman is angry at the man for sleeeping with the daughters of God. The penitent replies that now that he is the brother-in-law of Jesus, he does not need a confessor any more [J1161.5].",Documented in the 17th century in German jestbooks.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1810,Anecdotes about Catechism,EM 7 (1993) 1058�1067 (I. Tomkowiak).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 423�443, p. 561ff.; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, e.g. nos. 156, 161, 426; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 97; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 13, 171, 243, 244, 246, 247, 249, 252, 253, 256, 259, 275, 308, II, Nos. 59, 166�169, 175, 177, 232, 348, 350, 573, 575, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 37, 38, 41, 55�57, 151, 156, 157, 160, 161, 186, 220, 437, 461, 492, 493, 525, 575, 578, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 225, 226, 230, 231, 353, 365, 370, 383, 404�406, 560, 611; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc 1907, 11, Joisten 1971 II, No. 256, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 63; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1810D*, 1810F*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 168a�b; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, Nos. 155, 237, 297, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 203; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 159; Italian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1810D; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 435, 445; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 241, 256, 265, 270, 271, cf. Karadi 1937, No. 23; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3733; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1810, 1818; Russian: Potjavin 1960, No. 42; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1810A**; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes that are structured as a series of questions and answers about religious subjects. The clergyman tests the knowledge of one or more of his parishioners. The humor comes from the ignorance of the person questioned, from wrong answers, or from misunderstandings evidenced in the answers. The questioner (clergyman) is often thought to be a fool by the person whom he interrogates. Cf. Type 1832*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1811,Jokes about Religious Vows,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, app.; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1811A*; Slovene: Vrtec 18 (1888) 158; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 217; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1811C*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *1811C; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. 1811*C.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes with ambiguous interpretations of religious vows, in which someone who has taken a vow profits from a misunderstanding.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1811A,Vow Not to Drink from St,,"Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5260; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS.","George (April 23) to St. Demetrius (October 26). A man has vowed not to drink from St. George to St. Demetrius. Instead of the period between the two saints' days, he interprets this to mean he cannot drink between two churches that bear these names.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1811B,The Patience of Job,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 448; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 131, 132; English: Wehse 1979, No. 478; Dutch: Huizenga-Onnekes/Laan 1930, 294f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 170; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; US-American: Dodge 1987, 112.",A clergyman preaches about the exemplary patience of Job. His wife tests him by saying that the kitchen maid has wasted the wine supply (he discovers that she spoiled a cheese or let the beer run out). The clergyman becomes angry and refuses to follow Job's example. Cf. Type 1847*.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1820,Bride and Groom at Wedding Ceremony,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 49; cf. Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 318.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 449�456; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 30, 31, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 312�314; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 369 No. 3, 411; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 9; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 22; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 10; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 52; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3895; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","(Including the previous Type 1684B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about weddings in which the couple to be married give absurd answers to the clergyman's questions or otherwise behave comically. In some variants, a fool hits a man on the head because he sings too loudly. (Previously Type 1684B*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1821,Naming the Child (Baptism),"Frey/Bolte 1896, 72f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 457�460; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 171�173, Kristensen 1900, No. 366; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 356 No. 8; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 188; German: Merkens 1892f. II, Nos. 105, 168, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 204; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1988, 220; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1821B; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1821, 1821A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 183.","(Including the previous Type 1821A.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which the godparent who is to give the child its name does not know what to say. Cf. Type 1823. (1) The godparent says, 'Name him something.' (Previously Type 1821A.) (2) The clergyman suggests to name the child after his father (godfather). The father is afraid that he must then go without a name himself for the rest of his life (he is not sure whether he can live without a name). (3) The godparents are told to repeat what the clergyman says. He says something that is not part of the ceremony and they repeat it [J2498.2]. Cf. Types 1694A, 1832M*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1822,Equivocal Blessings,,"Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1830*; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 139; French: Perbosc 1907, 85ff., 264f., Perbosc/Bru 1987, 83f.; Spanish: Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 151f.; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 362, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1822*B; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1822B*; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 100, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., 168 No. 36, Dolenec 1972, No. 36; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4492; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1822B, *1822C; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.","(Including the previous Type 1822A.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes that include ambiguous blessings. In some variants, the clergyman blesses the spring fields, saying they should be as fruitful as a nut that he is holding in his hand. When the nut is opened, it is hollow, so the clergyman has to alter his blessing quickly. (Previously Type 1822A.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1823,Jokes about Baptism,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, Nos. 94, 95, II, Nos. 103, 104, V, No. 58; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, Nos. 45, 123, II 3, No. 33; EM: Taufschw�nke (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 461�463; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, Nos. 39�48, 306, 416; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, 261, 263�273, 276, 277, II, 324�346, 355, 576, 577, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 31, 272�275, 277�281, 285, 286, Kristensen 1900, No. 393; German: Merkens 1892f. I, No. 57, Debus 1951, 160f., Berger 2001, No. 1823*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 147; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 304f.; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 51; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 50; African American: Dorson 1956, 172f., 173.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about comical events at a child's (seldom adult's) baptism. For example, the clergyman misunderstands the Latin instructions and hops around. Or, he mistakes the midwife's (mother's) fart for a sign that the devil has been driven out. But when they tell him it was the child who farted, he curses it for its bad habits. Cf. Type 1821.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1824,Parody Sermon,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 I, 147ff.; BP III, 116�118; Vuyst 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 147; Russell 1991; Siuts 2000; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 464�468; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 427; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 53, 60, 287, 307�310, 358�361, 365, 366, 370, 373�375, 379, 388, 389, 391�395, 404, 413, 414, Kristensen 1900, No. 391; French: Perbosc 1907, 245f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 564, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bll. f. Pomm. Vk. 1 (1893) 29f., ZfVk. 12 (1902) 224f., Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 110; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 121; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 98, Dolenec 1972, No. 49, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 48; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 48; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1824, 1824A; Jewish: Jason 1975, Keren/Schnitzler 1981, No. 21; Syrian, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 14; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Flowers 1953, No. K1961.1.2.1.",This miscellaneous type consists of various parodies of sermons. They range from rhymes with absurd contents to improvised sermons (delivered by the clergyman or by someone disguised as a clergyman). Some of them are critical of the authorities or of the audience.,NA,1825.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1825,The Farmer as Clergyman,"BP II, 413; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: B�ckstr�m 1845, No. 49; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 291, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 1�4, 6, 61, 172, 326, 367, 376, 377; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 315ff.; French: Blad� 1886 III, 304ff., Joisten 1971 II, 353, cf. 354f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Jahn 1889, No. 638, Wisser 1922f. II, 212f., Moser-Rath 1984, 289 not. 85; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 393f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 501ff., 505, V, 68, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 179; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 292; Macedonian: cf. To�ev 1954, 281, Pilikova 1992, No. 48; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: cf. Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 441f., cf. Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 227; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Satke 1958, No. 15; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 99; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f., No. 98; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 8; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1825**F.","This type consists of three introductory episodes in which an unqualified person takes over the office of the clergyman but cannot fulfill his duties [K1961.1]. (1) A congregation is no longer able to pay the clergyman and chooses one of themselves (a stranger, someone who can read) to take his place. A wife induces her husband to volunteer to be the clergyman, or a farmer in debt goes to the clergyman for instruction. (2) The clothes of a farmer who is drunk (asleep) are exchanged by his wife (a passer-by) with the clergyman's. The farmer attempts to carry out the clergyman's duties. (3) A farmer wants to exchange roles with a clergyman because he believes the clergyman has an easy life and only works on Sundays.",Often not clearly classified. This type is usually an introduction to another tale.,"1641, 1824, 1825, 1825B, 1825C, 1833, and 2012."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1825A,Preaching the Truth (previously The Parson Drunk),"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 711; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 469, 470; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 348; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Konkka 1963, No. 77; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 25; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Croatian: Krauss 1914, No. 35; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1825D; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 297f.; Russian, Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 1825; Jewish: Jason 1964f.","A congregation complains about their clergyman to the bishop. The bishop comes for a surprise visit. Before the service begins, the clergyman, who pretends to be asleep, witnesses the bishop propositioning his wife. The clergyman preaches about this in his sermon, and the bishop decides to drop the matter of the complaint [cf. J1211.1, K1961.1.1]. In some variants, the bishop instructs all the clergymen always to speak the truth in their sermons. When the bishop comes and hears a clergyman preaching about the bishop's own misconduct, he removes the clergyman from his position.","Documented by Matteo Bandello, Le novelle (II,45) in the 16th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1825B,Preaching as the Congregation Wishes (previously 'I Preach God's Word,"Wesselski 1911, No. 279; BP II, 413; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 470�472; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 351, 352; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 396; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1922; Danish: e.g. Berntsen 1873f. I, No. 5, Kristensen 1899, No. 84, cf. No. 43, Kristensen 1900, No. 384; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 60, cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 412; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, Nos. 161, 184, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1825B, 1825*D, cf. No. 1825*E; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1826; Frisian: Kooi 1979b, No. 77b, Kooi 1984a, No. 1828A*; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 266, II, No. 90, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 258, 260, Berger 2001, Nos. 1825*, 1825B*, cf. Moser-Rath 1964, No. 151; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 56f.; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 312; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 361f.; Palestinian, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1825, 1825**F.","'). This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A congregation (master) requires that the clergyman preach an impromptu sermon on a text that has been placed in the pulpit. The page there is blank. The clergyman begins his sermon with the words, 'From nothing, God created the heavens and the earth.' Sometimes he ends there. More often, the sermon that follows is considered a particularly good one. (2) A congregation complains that their clergyman, often a layman, knows no Latin. He goes to the sexton for advice. As they walk around, the sexton tells him some mock-Latin words which he makes by adding endings onto familiar words. The clergyman copies this formula in his next sermon, and the congregation is appeased [K1961.1.2]. Cf. Type 1628*. (3) An ignorant clergyman repeats the same words over and over, e.g. 'I preach the word of God'; 'I am a good shepherd'; or, 'Service and sermon.' [K1961.1.2].",Documented in Swedish and German jestbooks in the 17th century.,1825.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1825C,The Sawed Pulpit,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 75; BP II, 413; EM 7 (1993) 945�947 (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 301, 473; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 284; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 90; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 141, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 99; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 58, cf. No. 72, Kristensen 1900, No. 372; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1825C, 1833K*; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 83, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 269, 271, 273; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 393f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 509; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Dominican: Flowers 1953; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A clergyman, often a layman, promises his congregation that they will witness a miracle. Secretly, he saws the pulpit almost through. When in his next sermon he refers to the miracle, the pulpit falls down [K1961.1.3]. (2) A clergyman (monk) gesticulates wildly during his sermons. One of the parishioners saws the pulpit almost through. It falls down during the next sermon, while the clergyman cites John XVI,16, 'A little while, and ye shall not see me.' Cf. Type 1827. (3) A clergyman preaches standing on a barrel that caves in during the sermon.","Documented in 1601 by Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof, Wendunmuth.","1641, 1825."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1825D*,Fire in the Boots,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 570; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3868; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 29.","A clergyman, often a layman, serving mass tells his congregation to do as he does. By accident, coals fall out of the censer into his boots. He stamps his feet and then lies down on the floor and kicks. The parishioners imitate him. Cf. Type 1694.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1826,The Clergyman Has no Need to Preach,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 I, No. 8; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 1; Basset 1924ff. I, 465f.; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 341; Schwarzbaum 1968, 56; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 378; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 474; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 283; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Cappeller 1924, No. 35, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 232; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 287 not. 61; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 393f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3869; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 71, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhik: Dechoti 1958, 46; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A clergyman (often a layman, Nasreddin Hodja) asks his congregation whether they know what his sermon will be about. They do not know, so he berates them for their stupidity. He repeats his question the following week. This time they say they know, so he thinks he need not preach any more. The third week, the congregation is divided in their answer to the question: half say no and half say yes. The clergyman tells those who understand to teach the others [X452]. In some variants, a clergyman has to preach a sermon about a certain saint on the appropriate saint's day. In order to avoid preaching this sermon, he announces that, since the saint performed no miracles that year, he need not give a sermon about him.","Documented since the 10th century in Arabian jestbooks. The form with the sermon about the saint appears in the 15th century bei Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 38).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1826A*,The Saint who Ran Away (previously The Escaped Saint,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 476; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, Nos. 400, 401; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 30, Cardigos (forthcoming); Ukrainian: SUS.",") A saint's picture is stolen from a church. The clergyman thinks that the saint ran away because he was a bad clergyman. Cf. Type 1572A*. In some variants, a clergyman and a sexton remove a saint's statue. It is found in a bean field. The clergyman tells the congregation that it had gone to look for some food because they gave so little money for it.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1827,'You Shall See me a Little While Longer,EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 464, 477, 478; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 355; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 315; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 45, 47, 254, Kristensen 1900, No. 382; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Hen�en 1935, 333f., Moser-Rath 1984, 379 No. 44, 425; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1827B; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 140; Mexican: Robe 1973; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","' A clergyman makes a bet with one member of his congregation that he will be able to empty a jug of wine during his sermon without being observed by the congregation (an alcoholic clergyman depends on his liquor to preach his sermon). In order to be able to drink behind the pulpit, he preaches on John 16.16, 'A little while, and ye shall not see me, and again a little while, and ye shall see me.' After the sermon the clergyman shows the empty jug and asks if someone had lost it. Cf. Type 1825C. In some variants the clergyman goes behind the pulpit to drink during the prayers [X445.1]. Cf. Types 1533A, 1839B.",Documented in jestbooks in the 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1827A,Cards (Liquor Bottle) Fall from the Sleeve of the Clergyman,EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 479, 480; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 331; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 89; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 77, 167; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 230; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 206a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","During his sermon, a clergyman drops playing cards (liquor flask) out of his sleeve (pocket). He asks the congregation (children) if they know what the cards are for. They show that they are well acquainted with cards. He replies that they know more about cards than they do about God (that on Judgment Day they will fall down just as the cards did). Cf. Types 1613, 1839B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1827B,Billy goats instead of Sheep,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 80; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 78; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 782; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","French: S�billot 1910, No. 97; German: Zeitschrift des Vereins f�r rheinische und westf�lische Volkskunde 29 (1932) 96f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 98.","A clergyman preaches a sermon to his congregation, telling them that on Judgment Day when he stands before God (St. Peter at the gate of heaven), he will have to tell Him that, instead of faithful sheep, there were only billy goats (pigs, cattle) under his care (that none of them belong in heaven).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1828,The Rooster at Church Crows,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 77.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 481; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 343; Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, No. 285; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 196�199, 255�259, cf. Christensen 1939, 117 No. 17; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 198; German: Dietz 1951, No. 100, Moser-Rath 1984, 288 not. 76, 394 No. 115, 448; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Dobos 1962, No. 36.","During the service, a rooster flies into a church through an open window. He crows and wakes the sexton, who thinks it is his cue to answer part of the liturgy (sing a certain song) [X451].",Documented in jestbooks in the 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1828*,Weeping and Laughing,"Plessner 1961; Neumann 1986, 23�27; EM: Weinen und Lachen bei der Predigt (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 482; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 344; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1899, Nos. 439, 447; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 233; Dutch: Haan 1974, 181f., Geldof 1979, 191; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 183b; German: Debus 1951, 164f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 262, Moser-Rath 1984, 369f. No. 5, 411; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 63; Czech: H�llen 1965, 34ff.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 257; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 158; African American: Dance 1978, No. 57; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1835C; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A clergyman makes a bet that he can give a sermon that will cause half the congregation to laugh and half to weep. Or, a clergyman wants to show his bishop (the lord of the area) how badly his congregation behaves. He preaches a moving sermon that causes half his audience to weep. But he wears no trousers under his gown (he has fastened an animal's tail to the seat of his trousers), so that the part of the audience that is behind him breaks out in laughter (the bishop is seated where he cannot see why the people are laughing) [X416].",Early version see Girolamo Morlini (No. 44).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1829,Living Person Acts as Image of Saint [K1842],"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 154; EM 6 (1990) 682�686 (H.-J. Uther).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: EU, Nos. 547, 7892, 44755, Wigstr�m 1884, 103f.; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 28; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Lambert 1899, 88f., Perbosc 1907, 128ff., 137f., 139ff., Cadic 1955, No. 21; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 42, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 402, 403, Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, Nos. 268, 270; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 471, Coelho 1985, No. 72, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 57, 332; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 112; German: Neumann 1968a, No. 79, Kapfhammer 1974, 130, 141f.; Austrian: Anthropophyteia 5 (1908) 132 No. 8, Haiding 1969, No. 48; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, No. 37, Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994 I, No. 20; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 11, 276, 318, 329, II, No. 477; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 182; Croatian: Krauss 1914, No. 116, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 45; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1829*; Sri Lankan: cf. Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. II, 67ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 546f. No. K1842.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) On a certain saint's day, the saint's statue is missing (it was broken during cleaning, sold, stolen). The sexton suggests to the clergyman that a shoemaker (tailor, beggar) who happens to look like the statue should stand in its place. The shoemaker agrees. Before the end of the service, however, he has to move (he sneezes or has to urinate, is bothered by insects, burns his foot on a candle). Often he curses. The statue's coming to life is said to be a miracle. (2) A woodcarver who is supposed to carve a saint's statue does not finish it on time. He finds someone who looks like the statue to take its place. A representative from the church comes and asks the woodcarver to alter the statue with a knife. The person taking its place becomes frightened and runs away. Cf. Types 1347, 1359C, 1572A*, and 1730.",NA,"1572A*, 1572C*, and 1875."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1830,Producing the Weather (previously In Trial Sermon the Parson Promises the Laymen the Kind of Weather they Want),"Cf. Wesselski 1911 I, No. 51; EM: Wettermacher (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 483; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 241f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 241f.; French: Blad� 1886 III, 301ff., Pelen 1994, No. 177a; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 185f., Chevalier 1983, No. 234; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 192, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 238, Moser-Rath 1984, 287 not. 61; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 30, Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 169, Ga�par�kov� 1981b, No. 30; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 130; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 236, No. 6, Miovi/Filipovi 1952, 340, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 98; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4783; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 88 No. 12; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 231.","A congregation needs to appoint a new clergyman (sexton). They choose one who says he can produce whatever weather that they want. However, they cannot agree what the weather should be: one group wants rain, and another, sunshine. The new clergyman suggests that they let God decide what the weather should be (that it should be the same with the weather as it was before) [J1041.1]. Cf. Type 752B.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 439f. No. 94).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1831,The Clergyman and Sexton at Mass,EM 10 (2002) 877�884 (V. Ga�par�kov�).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 464, 484; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 276, 331(9), 360; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, Nos. 339, 340; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 897, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238; French: Blad� 1886 III, 331f., 337f., Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 233, 236, Courri�re 1988, 43ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 511, 523, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 201, Nos. 225, 450, 451; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 175; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 284, 285, Moser-Rath 1984, 289 not. 85, 450 No. 124, Berger 2001, No. 1831*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 29, Haiding 1977a, No. 7; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Berze Nagy 1960, 113ff.; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 506; Slovene: Milinski 1920, 13f.; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 260, Karadi 1959, No. 216, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 291; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 469; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5436; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 421; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 41, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: cf. Dorson 1956, 170; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1831**D.","A clergyman tells his sexton (deacon) that he should steal a sheep (hog) during the service. When the sexton returns, the service is still going on. The clergyman asks him, as if it were part of the liturgy, whether his theft was successful. The sexton replies, also as if it were part of the service, that he got the sheep (that his theft was discovered), but that he lost the clergyman's horse. Or, other dialogs on other subjects are incorporated into the liturgy, e.g. between the clergyman and his cook or between the sexton and the clergyman [X441].","The conversation between the clergyman and the sexton is made to sound like the words used during the service: Latin word endings are used in a Catholic mass, or word endings are taken from Orthodox liturgy, etc.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1831A*,Inappropriate Actions in Church,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 30, 450; EM 10 (2002) 880�882.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 485; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 274, 284�286, 301, 309, 311�324, II, Nos. 347, 352�354, 356�358, 376, 402, 404, 406�417, 578, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 34, 36, 40, 42, 48, 70, 78, 109, 120, 212, 213, 276, 315, 371, 501, 585, Christensen 1939, Nos. 25, 71; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 6; French: Perbosc 1907, 223ff., 227f., 234f., 236, 239, 240, 245f., 263, 264f., Perbosc/Bru 1987, 84, 113f., 115, 118, 130f., Pelen 1994, No. 153a; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1831B*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1831A, 1831A*; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. *1831B, *1831C; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1831D, 1831E; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1831A*, 1831A**, 1831B*; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. 1831*C; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 12; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973.","(Including the previous Type 1831A.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which people in church act in inappropriate ways because of ignorance. Or, the clergyman (clergyman and sexton) acts in unsuitable ways, e.g. fighting, ordering alcohol (for cooking), misunderstanding Latin phrases. Cf. Type 1678**.",NA,1805.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1831B,The Clergyman's Share and the Sexton's,EM 10 (2002) 880.,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 231; German: cf. Benzel 1965, No. 164; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","During the sermon, the clergyman asks the sexton if anyone is coming. The sexton answers that a man carrying a wheel (cudgel) on his shoulder is coming. The clergyman says that the sexton may have the wheel. The sexton then sees a man coming carrying half a hog (an old woman with a tub of butter). The clergyman says he will keep that for himself [J1269.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1831C,The Clergyman Takes a Bribe,"EM 10 (2002) 880f., 884.","French: Blad� 1886 III, 337f. No. 11; German: Dietz 1951, No. 116, Zender 1984, No. 112; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1831C; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1831A*; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 79; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 187; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","A man named Secula boasts to his rich neighbor Micula (Matila, Picula) that he is named in the church service when the clergyman sings, 'Saecula saeculorum.' The neighbor offers nine sheep to the clergyman if he will sing 'in micula micolorum' instead. The organist (sexton) points out the mistake, so the clergyman gives him one of the sheep.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832,The Sermon about the Rich Man,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 486; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 356b; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: EU, No. 25671; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 117, Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 302�307, 310, II, Nos. 382�401, 405, 415, Christensen 1939, No. 71B; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc/Bru 1987, 159; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 275; German: Findeisen 1925, No. 38, Selk 1949, No. 63, Grannas 1960, No. 112.","A rich man lets a boy ride to church with him in his coach. The boy accidentally leaves his coat (wooden shoe) behind in the coach. The clergyman preaches about a rich man who went to hell. The boy calls out in dismay, 'He took my coat with him!' [X435.5].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832*,The Boy Answers the Clergyman,EM 7 (1993) 1058f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 487; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1832*, 1832K*; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 235, II, Nos. 41, 170, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 35, 71, 153, 154, 158, 159, 162, 372, 486�488, 490, 511, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 371, 539; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 28f.; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Swanenberg 1986, 105f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1832X*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1832K**; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, Nos. 209, 214a, 232, Moser-Rath 1984, 374 No. 24, 386, 419, 437, Zender 1984, No. 133; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 49; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1832G1�*1832G3; Serbian: Miovi/Filipovi 1952, 321f.; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 55; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1744; Jewish: Jason 1975, Haboucha 1992, No. 1832*R; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVI, No. 17; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1832A*, Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Types 1832A*, 1832C*, 1832G**, 1832H*, 1832J*, 1832K*, and 1835C*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which the clergyman questions a boy during the service (in the street). The boy gives a quick-witted answer (which leaves the clergyman speechless). Cf. Type 1810.",Some of these tales appear as independent types below.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832B*,What Kind of Dung A clergyman (man) sees a boy on the road who is looking at something,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 198; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 130; Nicaraguan: Robe 1973.","The boy says he does not know what it is, and the clergyman tells him that it is horse's dung (a horseshoe). The boy replies that he was wondering whether it was the dung of a horse or of a mare. Cf. Type 1225A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832D*,'How Many Sacraments Are There' (Including the previous Type 1810A*,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 237; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 126; EM 7 (1993) 1060, 1066 not. 20.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 444; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 164, cf. Nos. 157, 271; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1810A*, 1832D*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 1810A*, 1832*D; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 290, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 152, 155; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Englisch: Briggs 1970f. A II, 28, Ranke 1972, No. 21; Portuguese: cf. Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 1793, 1846; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1832D*; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, Nos. 153, 207, Dietz 1951, Nos. 61, 64, Moser-Rath 1984, 290f. not. 111; Italian: D�Aronco 1953, No. [1211]a�d; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, 1810A*; Czech: Jech 1959, No. 128; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 493; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 53; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3863; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1810; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 376f.; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 875, 922; African American: Dorson 1956, 172.",") A clergyman asks a boy (servant girl) how many sacraments (gods) there are. The boy does not know, so he asks in return if the clergyman knows how many teeth a rake has (how much cloth can be made from a certain amount of flax, how to braid a straw hat). The clergyman does not know the answer, and the boy tells him that one person cannot know everything. To the question of the number of gods, a member of the congregation (farmer, child) answers a number that is too high. The clergyman refuses to continue with the person's confirmation (sends the person home). The candidate repeats the question to another person who tells him that there is only one God. The candidate cannot believe that the clergyman would want so small a number as this for the answer. (Previously Type 1810A*.)","Documented in 1709 by U. Dorffgast, Curi�se Bauer-Historien (Tomkowiak 1987, 76).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832E*,Good Manners,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 363; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 119; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 159; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3126; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 358f.; US-American: Dodge 1987, 160f.","A boy brings a cheese (other item) to a clergyman (merchant, lawyer). The clergyman thinks that the boy did not act politely, so he exchanges their roles in order to teach him how to behave. The clergyman makes a polite speech as he gives the boy the cheese. The boy thanks him and reaches into his pocket for money to give him a generous tip.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832F*,Invitation to Dinner (previously Boy Invited to Dinner by Priest),EM 10 (2002) 256.,"Swedish: Wigstr�m 1884, 108f.; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 573, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 119�121; French: RTP 1 (1887) 196, Pelen 1994, No. 75a; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: cf. Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 109, II, No. 394, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 262, St�bs 1938, No. 64, Dietz 1951, No. 230, Berger 2002, No. 1610; Italian: cf. Rossi 1987, No. 100; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 502; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1832; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A boy (farmer) is invited to a meal (by some students or a clergyman). A whole turkey (suckling pig) is served. The host warns the boy that whatever he does to the turkey, the host will do to him. The boy thinks for a while and then puts his finger in the animal's rear to draw out the stuffing (and licks his finger).",German variants are often set at the table of Old Fritz. Rarely told of a clergyman.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832M*,Clergyman's Words Repeated,EM 2 (1979) 794f. (K. Ranke).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 488�490; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 476; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 194, 214, 215; English: Baughman 1966; Dutch: Groningen 11 (1928) 157f., 29 (1947) 212ff., Kooi 1985f., No. 42; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1832M*, 1832M**, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 176; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 256, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 207; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1832M1; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1223A; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2498.2; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 1825D*; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 261; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 294, .Burrison 1989, 40; African American: Dance 1978, No. 59; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A clergyman (sexton) has smudges on his glasses (he has forgotten to bring them) so he cannot read the liturgy during mass. He absent-mindedly sings out about his handicap and the congregation repeats his words as usual. The clergyman tries to correct their mistaken response, but the congregation repeats that too. Or, the clergyman chooses a man to help with the service. The man thinks he has to repeat everything that the clergyman says, so he repeats the clergyman's questions about what his name is and where he comes from [J2498.2]. Cf. Types 1246, 1694, 1694A, and 1821.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832N*,Lamb of God Becomes Sheep of God,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 244; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 39; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 105; EM 6 (1990) 425�427 (J. van der Kooi); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1237.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 491; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 123; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 263; French: Perbosc 1907, No. 17; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 235, Espinosa 1988, No. 419; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 298, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 307; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3864, 4132.","A man (boy, farmer, shepherd) comes to confession but does not know any prayers. The clergyman teaches him a short prayer that begins with the words, 'Lamb of God.' Later the clergyman asks the man if he still remembers the prayer. The man begins with the words, 'Sheep of God.' The clergyman asks why the man changed the word, and the man answers that the animal must have grown up in the meantime. In Arabian variants, the man is asked for his astrological sign and he answers, 'Goat' ('Ram'). When he is asked to explain, he says that he was born in the sign of the Kid, but surely it must be grown up by now [J2212.6].","Documented in 1526 in the jestbook A Hundred Mery Tales. The form with the astrological sign appears ca. 1200 in Ibn al-auz, Ah� al-Hmq.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832P*,'The Devil!' (Including the previous Type 1810C*,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 445�447, 492; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 180; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 307, cf. II, No. 403, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 7; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1810C*.",") The clergyman asks a boy in the confirmation class, 'Who is the worst enemy of mankind' The boy does not know the answer. For some other reason, another boy curses, 'The devil!' The clergyman recognizes this as the right answer. Or, a clergyman asks a question of a stupid person (asks him to read something). The person mumbles something about a fish. This is the right answer, and the person is praised for his intelligence. (Previously Type 1810C*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832Q*,A Clergyman Asks for the Way,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1848E; Dutch: Swanenberg 1986, 282; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1832V*; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 220, cf. Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 229, Moser-Rath 1984, 245, 357; Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1307*II; US-American: Fuller 1948, 281, Randolph 1965, No. 352; Jordanian: Marzolph 1996, No. 605.","A clergyman asks a boy the way to the next village. He also warns the boy not to smoke, or he will not go to heaven. The boy replies that if the clergyman knows the way to heaven, he must surely know the way to the next village.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832R*,Hymnbook Upside Down,"Schenda 1970, 57; EM 1 (1977) 483; Ranke 1979, 165 No. 72.","Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1832Z*; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 208, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 253, Moser-Rath 1984, 243, 355; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4070; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 195.","A person in church who cannot read holds his (her) hymnbook upside down. When the person beside him tries to correct him, the man with the book explains that he is left-handed [J1746]. Cf. Type 1331*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832S*,Church of Dung,EM 1 (1977) 483.,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 418; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1832B**; Dutch: Boer 1961, 42; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1832W*; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. I, 208 No. 25; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 94, III, No. 198, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 518, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 199; Austrian: ZfVk. 16 (1906) 291 No. 26; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 48; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, 58.","Boys are playing in the dung (with mud). The clergyman asks them what they are making. One boy answers, 'A church.' The clergyman asks if they are going to make a clergyman to go along with it. The boy answers, 'If we have enough mud leftover.' ('You are so fat, we do not have enough mud.')",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1832T*,'Who Was the Father of Noah's Sons' A foolish farmer (young man) wants to become a sexton (teacher),,"Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 171, II, Nos. 166�169, 541, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 404�406, Christensen 1939, No. 73; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 196; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 10; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1810E*; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 118, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 225, Neumann 1976, 281ff., Moser-Rath 1984, 169, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 87.","Among other questions, the clergyman (landlord) asks him, 'Who was the father of Noah's sons' The farmer cannot answer this question and tells his wife about it. She wants to help him and asks him, 'Who is the father of our miller's sons' ' 'Our miller.' Now the fool believes he knows the right answer. He goes back to the clergyman and says to him, 'The father of Noah's sons is our miller.' [J2713].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833,The Clergyman's Rhetorical Question Misunderstood (previously Application of the Sermon),"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910, No. 113; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1189.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 493�495; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 353�356c, 356e, 361; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1833, 1833**; Swedish: EU, No. 30095, Liungman 1961, No. 1833**; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 1833, 1833**; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 224, 278�283, II, Nos. 363�366, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 5, 12, 13, 32, 44, 48�52, 59�65, 73�76, 79�82, 96�103, 139�140, 363, 368, 434, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 372, 374, 377�380; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, No. 1833**; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1833, 1833**; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 52, 57, 156, 202, 229f., 234f., 240, 343f., B II, 297; French: RTP 2 (1887) 211 No. 9, Perbosc 1907, 150ff., 153ff., Pelen 1994, No. 152a; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 276, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 164f., 165; Portuguese: cf. Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1833*J; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 1833; Frisian: Kooi 1979b, Nos. 77c�e, 77k, 77, Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1833E*, 1833L*, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 216; Flemish: Top 1982, 94 No. 40; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 245, 248, 254�257, Moser-Rath 1984, 288 not. 76, 418 not. 22, Berger 2001, No. 1833***; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1833, 1833**, Appari 1992, No. 50; Hungarian: Dobos 1962, 500 No. 7, 503 No. 11; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 188; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, 376 No. 125; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3130, 4191; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1833, 1833**; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 240f.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 127; US-American: Briggs 1970f. A II, 234f.; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 125; African American: Dorson 1956, 170, cf. 171; Mexican: Paredes 1970, 181 No. 72; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1833**E; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Nos. 1833, 1833**.","(Including the previous Type 1833**.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which a person (who arrives late to church) thinks that he has to answer a rhetorical question posed by the clergyman during the sermon [X435]. For example in some (German) variants, during the Easter service, the clergyman asks about the disciples on the road to Emmaus (Luke 24,13): 'Who were these two who went there' Someone in the congregation thinks he is asking about two men on the village street and answers, 'Two butchers.' Or, the clergyman warns against dying while drunk, because such a person will be buried drunk and be drunk still on Judgment Day. A listener remarks that it must be powerful wine, since it makes one drunk for so long [cf. J1321.1].",The form with the warning against dying drunk was documented at the end of the 12th century as an Arabian anecdote.,"1699, 1825."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833A,"'What Does David Say' A clergyman sends his servant to buy something from the butcher David (Paul, Moses)","Cf. Arlotto/Wesselski 1910, No. 113; EM 7 (1993) 1062, 1066 No. 35.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 496, 497; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917ff. II, No. 356d; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 370; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 58f., 59, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 117�119, 316, Kristensen 1900, No. 381; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 236; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 67, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 247, Moser-Rath 1984, 286f. not. 57, 291 not. 115, 374 No. 23, 418f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 89; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 74; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 102; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3130; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 144; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 29 (1959) 165f.; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 90, Dance 1978, No. 58, Abrahams 1970, 201f.","The servant returns to the church just as the clergyman asks in his sermon, 'What does David say' The servant thinks the question is addressed to him and replies, 'He says you must pay your old debt first.' [X435.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833B,'Where Is the Father' (previously 'Where Did Our Father Stay'),"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 155; EM 7 (1993) 1060, 1065 not. 15.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 498; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 295, 296; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 232; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 64; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 132f.; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 171; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 374 No. 24, 419, Zender 1984, No. 119, Berger 2002, No. 1823*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1833B*; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 90, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 36; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 250, II, No. 494; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 48; Rumanaian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4566; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1832G**.","A clergyman asks a boy (man) who the personages in the Trinity are (asks someone how he crosses himself or how he has baptized his child). The boy answers, 'God the Son (Father) and the Holy Ghost' ('In the name of the Father and the Holy Ghost.'). The clergyman asks where the father (son) is, and the boy tells him where his own father is, e.g. holding the oxen (calf) or at home by the stove mending his clothes [X435.2].","The form with the baptism was documented in 1522 by Johannes Pauli, Schimpf und Ernst (No. 155).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833C,"'Where Was Christ when he Was Neither in Heaven nor on Earth' The clergyman asks where Christ was, when he was neither in heaven nor on earth (he asks, what does God do)",,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 499, 500; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 216, Tomkowiak 1993, 273f.; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 1925*.","The answer is, he was looking for a good stick (getting a whip ready) to beat the person who asks such questions [X435.3]. Cf. Type 1738.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833D,The Names of the Persons of the Holy Trinity,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 55; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 34.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 501; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 96; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: RTP 15 (1901) 503; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 422, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 417, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1832G*; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 501; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 297, Neumann 1968b, No. 70, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 101, 189; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1832G*, 1833D; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 67, MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4211; Russian: Potjavin 1960, No. 42; Jewish: Richman 1954, 248f., Landmann 1973, 80; US-American: Baughman 1966; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","(Including the previous Type 1832G*.) A clergyman wants to teach a boy (shepherd, cowherd) the names of the persons of the Holy Trinity (a prayer). To help him, the boy is to associate the names with three (four) animals (buttons on his jacket). Later, when the clergyman meets the boy and asks for the names, the boy cannot remember them all because one of the animals died (was sold, one of the buttons fell off) [X435.4]. Or, a farmer is supposed to associate the names of the Holy Trinity with members of his family, father, son, and wife. He refuses to do so because he is certain that the Holy Ghost is not such a spendthrift. Asked how many persons constitute the Holy Trinity and who they are, a boy answers, 'Four'. He counts God the Father, his Son, the Holy Ghost, and Amen. (Previously Type 1832G*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833E,God Is Dead (previously God Died for You),"Ranke 1955b, 42; EM 6 (1990) 3�6 (L. Intorp).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 502; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 178, cf. No. 175; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Jurkschat 1898, No. 55, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 254, 255, II, Nos. 322, 377, 378, Christensen 1939, No. 53; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: RTP 1 (1887) 115, 115f., Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 62; Portuguese: Henriques/Gouveia et al. 2001, No. 119, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 169; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 124, III, No. 206, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 167, 197, 214, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1833E*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 147; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 44, Lachmereis 1944, 62; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 91; US-American: Baughman 1966, Dodge 1987, 18, Leary 1991, Nos. 25, 252; Spanish-American: TFSP 14 (1938) 161, 21 (1946) 96f., 30 (1961) 136�139, Rael 1957 II, No. 442; African American: Dorson 1964, 89f., Dance 1978, No. 173; Australian: Wannan 1976, 164.","An old woman (other member of the congregation, child) hears from the clergyman (other person) that Christ died for our sins (God is dead). She says she is sorry for the death, and that she did not know of it because she lives so far out in the country that she never gets any news. Then the old woman wonders about who God's successor will be.","Documented in the 15th century by Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 82).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833F,The Same Old Story,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 60, 454.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 503; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 95; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 349; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 214; Italian: cf. D�Aronco 1953, No. [1754]; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VIIB, No. 1561K*; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4134; Greek: Argenti/Rose 1949 II, 626a; Jewish: Jason 1965, Haboucha 1992; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1835A.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man goes to church on Good Friday (Christmas Eve) and hears the sermon. The next year, he goes again on that day (his son goes forty years later) and hears the same sermon. He complains that they are telling the same old story over again. (2) In Jewish variants, an old woman is so affected by the story of Joseph and his brothers that she stops eating and becomes ill. A year later she is recovered. She goes to the synagogue and hears the same text. She decides not to fall ill a second time.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833H,The Large Loaves,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 19; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 504; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917ff. II, No. 362; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 128; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1834; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, 241 No. 75; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1899, Nos. 110�117, Holbek 1990, No. 50; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 377; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 243, Moser-Rath 1984, 287 not. 61, 445f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 215; Italian: Rossi 1987, No. 89; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 308; Serbian: Eschker 1986, No. 57; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3862, 4183, II, No. 4901; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 171; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1833*l.","This miscellaneous tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A clergyman preaches about the miracle of the loaves and fishes, when 5000 people were fed with seven loaves and two fish. The congregation doubts whether this is possible. The clergyman explains that the loaves were as big as mountains (houses). The people ask how big the ovens were [X434.1]. Cf. Type 1960K. (2) A clergyman reverses the number of loaves and people by mistake. Someone in the audience says that he could do that too. The following year, the clergyman gets it right and asks the congregation if they could do that. Someone says yes, because there would be leftovers from the previous year. (3) A clergyman says that God made the world in six months. He is corrected by the congregation but sticks to what he had said. (4) In variants from eastern Europe, a clergyman says that God made Adam out of clay and put him on a fence to dry. Someone in the congregation asks where the fence came from, since no one was there to have made it.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833J,"'Abraham, What Do You Have on Your Breast' A man named Abraham (Joseph), on his way to church, steals a ham (pair of ducks) and hides it under his jacket",,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 99; Irish: � S�illeabh�in 1942, 644 No. 57; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1833C*; English-Canadian: cf. Fauset 1931, No. 154, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 127; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 233.","In his sermon, the clergyman asks rhetorically what Abraham has on his breast (repeats rhetorically, 'I can see you'). The man believes he has been discovered and admits to his theft. Cf. Type 926C.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833K,The Thief Betrays Himself,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 V, No. 234.","English: Agricola 1976, 223; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1833G*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 179; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 163, p. 195f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 264, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 212, Moser-Rath 1984, 373, 417f.; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 51; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1833J*; US-American: Fuller 1948, 160, Randolph 1955, 166; African American: Herskovits/Herskovits 1936, 415; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. J1141.1.","In order to expose a thief (adulterer), a clergyman threatens during his sermon to throw something (stone, fruit, Bible) at the sinner's head. The clergyman swings his arm back to throw. Someone else in the congregation calls, 'Duck!' to the thief. Or, the clergyman watches the congregation from the pulpit, and sees several (many) of them duck their heads out of the way. Cf. Type 926C.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833L,A Clergyman Wakes his Sleeping Congregation,,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 25; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1833H**; German: Heinz-Mohr 1974, 76, cf. Moser-Rath 1984, 450 No. 124; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 392; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 309.","A clergyman wakes his sleepy congregation by calling out, 'Fire!' Someone asks excitedly where the fire is, and the clergyman answers, 'In hell.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1833M,The Long Sermon,,"Dutch: D�rp en Stad N.R. 15 (1963) 138; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1833M*; German: Fischer 1955, 368; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3239; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 428, Landmann 1973, 152f.","A clergyman is so preoccupied with his long sermon that he does not notice that his congregation is becoming restless. Little by little, all the people leave. Finally the sexton gives the key to the clergyman, and tells him to lock up when he is finished.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1834,The Clergyman with the Fine Voice,"Wesselski 1909, No. 2; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 539; Basset 1924ff. I, 308f. No. 43; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 576; Schwarzbaum 1968, 61, 257f.; Tubach 1969, No. 4395; Marzolph 1992 I, 112f.; EM 10 (2002) 887�891 (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 506; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 220�225, 227�229; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 31, Zall 1963, 266; French: Parivall 1671, No. 25, Joisten 1971 II, No. 246; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. X436; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 850; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1935, Nos. 284a, 284b, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 220, 250, Moser-Rath 1984, 285 not. 22, 287 not. 61, 288 not. 76, 291 not. 115; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 48, Jegerlehner 1913, No. 161; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 415; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 198; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 473; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3865; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Haboucha 1992; Tadzhik: Dechoti 1958, 14; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 144; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971; US-American: Dodge 1987, 115; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican, West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A clergyman notices that when he sings (preaches), an old woman starts to cry. He thinks his singing is affecting her deeply and so he sings more forcefully. After the service he asks her why she was crying. She answers that his voice (beard, face) reminded her of her recently-dead goat (donkey) [X436]. In some variants the woman answers that the clergyman reminds her of her son who is studying theology. She is crying because it is such a waste of money [cf. X426].","Documented by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 56), and in the 15th century by Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 230).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1834*,The Person from Another Congregation,,"Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 51; English: Ashton 1884, 39; Dutch: Groningen 29 (1947) 218f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1833N*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 184; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, 169, 293, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 219; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 34; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4440; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1834A; Russian: SUS, No. 1834*; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 270; African American: Dance 1978, No. 113.","During the sermon, all the congregation weeps except one visitor. After the service, the clergyman asks him why he did not weep. He replies that he does not belong to this congregation.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1834A*,A Fool's Vocation,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 507, 508; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 423; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1865; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 179; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5618; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","A man (innkeeper, shoemaker) wants his son to become a clergyman because he is too stupid to take up his father's line of work [X426].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1835*,Not to Turn Around,,"Livonian: Loorits 1926; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; German: Buse 1975, No. 261; Greek: Laogr�phia 2 (1910) 695 (6); Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1835E.","A clergyman forbids the people to look behind themselves during the service (sermon). Instead, he will call out the names of the people who arrive late.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1835A*,Gun Accidentally Discharged in Church,Ranke 1954; Merckens 1958; EM: Schu� von der Kanzel (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 480; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 83, 104�108; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 180; German: Euphorion 22 (1915�1920) 746f., Gr�ner 1964, No. 547; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1835.","A clergyman comes to the service directly from hunting (from getting his gun). By accident, during the sermon, as he gesticulates, the gun goes off. The clergyman says that it will be louder at the Last Judgment. The congregation ducks under the pews, or the clergyman threatens them with the gun.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1835B*,The Pasted Bible Leaves,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 60, 454.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 509; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 109; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1899, No. 146; Dutch: Sinninghe/Sinninghe 1933, 347f., Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 118; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 124, Moser-Rath 1984, 379 No. 45; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 84f.; Spanish-American: TFSP 13 (1937) 102f., 30 (1961) 139; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","During the service, a clergyman reads directly from the Bible. Two pages stick together (he turns two pages by accident) so he is suddenly in the middle of another story and reads an absurd sentence. Or, the clergyman's hymnbook drops from the pulpit. He can sing only, 'La-la-la'.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1835D*,Wager: Clergyman to Read Prayer Without Thinking of Anything Else,"Tubach 1969, No. 3615; EM: Vaterunser beten, ohne an anderes zu denken (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 512, 513; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 46; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 10, Cardigos (forthcomig); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2360; Flemish: Joos 1889ff. I, No. 42; German: Zaunert 1926, 156f., Zender 1935, No. 135, Dietz 1951, No. 107; Austrian: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 158; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1704.","A man (St. Bernard) promises a clergyman (chattering woman, hermit, man) a horse (pig) if he can say a prayer (the Lord's prayer) without thinking of anything else. While praying, the clergyman stops to ask whether the horse comes with its harness too.","Documented by Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 210) in the 14th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1836,The Drunken Clergyman,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 3; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 729.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 517, 518; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, Nos. 293�314, 316�330; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 217, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 18, 19, 21, 25, 28, 66, 275; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes of drunken clergymen who say or do inappropriate things.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1836A,"The Drunken Clergyman: 'Do as I Say, Not as I Do","Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 85; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 152; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 68; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 519; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 401; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Bergstr�m/Nordlander 1885, No. 11, Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 87; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 24; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 182a; German: cf. Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 145, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 206a.",' (previously The Drunken Parson: 'Do not Live as I Live.'). A clergyman who has many vices admonishes his congregation to follow his words rather than copy his actions. Sometimes the clergyman blames his many vices on his small income.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1837,Holy Ghost in the Church (previously The Parson to Let a Dove Fly in the Church),"EM 1 (1977) 996, 998 not. 17; EM 6 (1990) 686�690 (R. Goerge).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 464, 470, 522, 523, 530; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 339, 340; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 371; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 54ff. nos. 90�92, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 123�129; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc 1907, 252ff., 255ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 244; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 165f., 166f., 167ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 157, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 212; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1837, 1839*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1839*; Walloon: Legros 1962, No. 1839*; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 211, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 129, Berger 2001, No. 1837, cf. No. 1839**; Austrian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 217 No. 84; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1837, 1839*; Hungarian: MNK VII C, cf. D�m�t�r 1992, No. 320; Czech: Jech 1959, 365 No. 177; Slovene: Kropej 1995, 198; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4958, 5675; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 312; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1837, 1837**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1884; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1837A; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999, I, 407; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 19; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 112, Burrison 1989, 45; Spanish-American: TFSP 29 (1959) 169; African American: Dance 1978, Nos. 97, 100; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1839*.) A clergyman who wants to perform a miracle for his congregation arranges for the sexton (his cook, servant girl) to let loose a dove (something burning) from a hole in the ceiling as if it were the Holy Ghost (fire from heaven). When the clergyman gives the signal, the sexton, who lost the dove, answers, 'The Holy Ghost was eaten by the cat' (broke his neck, or the material for the fire is gone). (X418].) The female cook falls through the roof with her naked buttocks exposed. The clergyman warns that anyone who looks up will go blind, but one person risks an eye and looks up to see what happened. (Previously Type 1839*.)",NA,1785B.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1837*,A Pet Dove Drops Excrements in the Clergyman's Soup,,"Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 271, 272; Dutch: Geldof 1979, 202; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Volkskunde 24 (1913) 63 No. 4; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 492, Neumann 1968c, 258f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 119.","A clergyman (shoemaker) has a tame bird. When his cook (wife) brings the soup, the bird sits on the edge of the bowl and lets droppings fall into the soup. Everyone laughs, or the cook fishes the droppings out with a spoon. The clergyman complains, 'If I had done that I would be punished.' Cf. Type 129A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1838,The Hog in Church,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 60, 454; EM 10 (2002) 1303�1306 (S. Neumann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 524; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 338; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 291; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 10 (1888) 233 No. 553, Kristensen 1898, No. 14, Kristensen 1900, No. 33; English: Baughman 1966; French: Seignolle 1946, No. 74, Joisten 1971 II, No. 232; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 196, Espinosa 1988, No. 427, Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 280; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 56, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 164; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 200, Ranke 1966, No. 80; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 216; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 99; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5604; Russian: Galkin et al. 1959, 51ff.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 20, Ancelet 1994, No. 62; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A sexton accidentally locks a hog in the church. He hears a noise and alerts the clergyman, who puts on his vestments, takes the Bible, and asks the sexton to open the church door. The hog runs between the clergyman's legs and hurries away with him riding on his back. The clergyman thinks he is being taken away by the devil [X415]. Cf. Type 1849*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1838*,Not Often Seen in Church,,"Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1838*; Russian: SUS.","A church officer wants to make some farmers (a woman) come to church more often. He scatters millet outside the church and treads it down after it sprouts. Then he accuses the farmers of having dropped it. They reply that it could not have been they, because they have not been to the church for a long time.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1839A,The Clergyman Calls Out Cards,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 76; EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 525; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 334�337; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: EU, Nos. 450, 46038; Danish: Skattegraveren 9 (1888) 87 No. 261, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 14, 20, 29, 30, 54, 178, 180, 199, 311, 432; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1839; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 42, 361; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1839*, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 696; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1839A*; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. IV, 67; German: Selk 1949, No. 69, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 566, Gr�ner 1964, No. 548, Moser-Rath 1984, 286f. not. 57, 450; Italian: Rossi 1987, Nos. 67, 89; Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1300*IX; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1839; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 125; African American: Dance 1978, No. 111; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 1839.","(Including the previous Type 1839.) This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes about drunkenness and card playing in church. In many variants a clergyman falls asleep in the church. When he wakes up (is awakened by the sexton), he thinks he is at an inn. He declares which cards are trumps or orders another drink [N5].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1839B,Sermon Illustrated,EM 10 (2002) 1280�1291 (S. F�hrmann).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 526�528; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 332; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Skattegraveren 3 (1885) 102 No. 397, 10 (1888) 218ff. nos. 504�514, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 85�90, 94, 95, cf. Nos. 91�93; Dutch: Cornelissen 1929ff. IV, 67; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 182c, 183a; Flemish: Volkskunde 20 (1909) 323f.; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 266, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 261; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: cf. MNK VII C, No. 1831A*; Croatian: cf. Eschker 1986, No. 13; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A card-playing clergyman makes a bet that he will be able to call out a trump suit during his next sermon. In his sermon, he declares that a certain card is trump but adds that God is a better trump than any card [N71]. Cf. Types 1613, 1827A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1840,"At the Blessing of the Grave, the Clergyman's Ox Breaks Loose","Cf. Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 89.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 531, cf. No. 399; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 359; Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, No. 241; Swedish: EU, No. 46038; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1745; Danish: cf. Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 99ff., Kristensen 1899, Nos. 396�404, 410, cf. Nos. 69, 370, 373�379, 383, 388, 405�412, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 390�392; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 428; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 748, 900f., 902, II, 873; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Jewish: Jason 1965; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","(Including the previous Type 1745.) While officiating at a burial (church service), the clergyman observes that his ox has broken its tether. He curses it (says it is possessed by the devil), and the congregation thinks he is cursing the dead man [X421].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1840B,The Stolen Ham (Goat),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 581; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, 238; Swedish: Liungman, No. GS1842; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 10, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 133, 134, cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 239; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 185, cf. 237.","A clergyman steals something but promises to pray for the man from whom it was stolen. However, he accuses the man who was stolen from, and absolves the man who stole.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1841,Grace before Dinner (previously Grace before Meat),"EM 7 (1993) 1062, 1066f. not. 37; EM: Tischgebet (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 535; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 80; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1841*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 512, cf. Nos. 149, 463, cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 585; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 256; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 302; Italian: Appari 1992, No. 36; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 92; US-American: Baughman 1966; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A clergyman asks a boy how his family says grace. The boy does not understand, so the clergyman asks what his father says before they eat. The boy answers, 'Come here, children!' ('Come and get it, lions!')",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1842,The Dog's Legacy (previously The Testament of the Dog),"Amalfi 1894; Bolte 1897c, 96 not. 10; Wesselski 1908, No. 87; Feilberg 1917; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 72, II, No. 874; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 227; Amades 1962; Schwarzbaum 1968, 347f. No. 477; Tubach 1969, No. 376; Schwarzbaum 1980, 274; � Currqoin 1990; EM: Testament des Hundes (in prep.).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: EU, No. 10597; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 16, Holbek 1990, No. 52; French: Thibault 1960, No. 35; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 237; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1607, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 291, Neumann 1968b, No. 199, Moser-Rath 1984, 287 not. 61, 291 not. 115; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Schenda 1996, No. 41; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 367; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 65f., Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 93; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5687; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 86 No. 1; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1842A; Greek: Ranke 1972, No. 193, Orso 1979, No. 149, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 41; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1842A, SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 248; Jewish: cf. Jason 1965, No. 1842*D, cf. Noy 1965, Nos. 2, 58, Jason 1975, No. 1842*D, Jason 1988a, No. 1842*D; Dagestan: cf. Chalilov 1965, No. 91; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1955, 296f.; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: cf. Sidel�nikov 1952, 84ff.; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 263; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 84.","The owner of a faithful dog (donkey, goat, hog) wants the animal to be buried in the churchyard with a proper burial service. The clergyman refuses. After the owner explains that the animal left a large legacy to the church, the clergyman changes his mind. The clergyman (animal's owner) has to answer to the bishop because he has buried the animal. He offers him some of the money from the supposed legacy and the bishop overcomes his objection to the burial [J1607].","Documented in the 13th century in a French fabliau of Rutebeuf (Gier 1985, No. 14), and then in the 15th century by Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 36).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1842A*,The Avaricious Clergyman,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 387, 389, 391; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1846*.",This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which an avaricious clergyman tries to get money but is outwitted.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1842C*,The Clergyman's Nights,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 254; Dutch: Entjes/Brand 1976, 23f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Stalpaert/Joos 1971, 211; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 166, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 283, Gr�ner 1964, No. 541; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 107; Italian: cf. Rossi 1987, No. 74.","A clergyman (rector) invites an acquaintance to dinner and shows him his house. The guest takes a silver spoon and hides it in the clergyman's (cook's) bed. Some time later the clergyman asks his guest about the spoon, which has been missing since this visit. The acquaintance answers that if the clergyman had slept in his own bed during this time, he would have found the spoon.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1843,The Clergyman Visits the Dying,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 537�539; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 374; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: EU, No. 30095; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 214, 240�242, 245, 248, 250, 251, II, Nos. 319�321, 323, 561, 574, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 282�284, 342�345, 347, 348, 496, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 240, 359, 387, 388, 395�397, 399; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1843A; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 118f.; French: Joisten 1970 II, No. 165; German: Zender 1984, No. 201; Serbian: Karadi 1959, 365 No. 181, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 79; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1843, 1843A; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 69.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes in which a clergyman goes to someone's deathbed, with absurd results.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1843A,The Stolen Bicycle,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 50; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 374; English: Smith 1986, 118; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1843A*; German: Heckscher/Simon 1980ff. II,1, 261.","A clergyman intends to pay a visit to a man whose wife has recently died, but he comes to the wrong house where a man lives whose bicycle has been stolen. The clergyman expresses his condolences, and the man answers, 'She was not worth much ' she kept creaking and groaning whenever I was on her (was only good for yokels to ride).'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1844,The Clergyman Visits the Sick,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 540; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 245; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 384.","This miscellaneous type consists of various anecdotes, e.g. a clergyman eats beside someone's sickbed (deathbed). The sick person hears him and complains, 'How he gnaws away!' The clergyman answers, 'Yes, illness is like that.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1845,The Student as Healer,"Wesselski 1909, No. 13; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 153; Schwarzbaum 1968, 297; EM 1 (1977) 479f.; EM 8 (1996) 704, 706f. not. 38, 39.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 542; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 1532*, 1845; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 463, Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 41; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 36; English: Johnson 1839, 263; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 43; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 307, Neumann 1968b, No. 203, Moser-Rath 1984, 198, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 179, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1845*; Swiss: Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 270, No. 658, 659; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 21; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 435f.; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 522, 534; Greek: Karlinger 1979, No. 59; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Aramaic: cf. Lidzbarski 1896, 157f.","A student comes to a village and promises to cure a calf (donkey) that belongs to an old woman (to cure the old woman herself). He writes, 'If he does not live, let him die,' on a piece of paper which he puts in a bag and tells her to hang it around the animal's neck [K115.1]. The calf recovers. Some time later, the student comes again to the village as a clergyman (teacher). He becomes ill, and the villagers recommend an old woman who is known for her ability to cure the sick. She gives him a little bag to hang around his neck. Inside the bag he finds his own message, and he laughs so hard that he recovers [N641] [J1513.1].","Documented in the 14th/15th century in the Mensa philosophica (IV,44).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1847*,Biblical Repartee,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 104; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 56.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 543; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 136, 394; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1847*, cf. No. *1847**; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 173, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 144, 145; English: cf. Briggs 1970f. A II, 293; Dutch: Groningen 29 (1947) 220f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 293, Moser-Rath 1984, 391f. No. 101, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 187, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1847**; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 23; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 265; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1847*, cf. No. 1847**; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4684; Spanish-American: cf. Robe 1973.","A man (Jew, robber, farmer) praises a sermon on the theme [Matthew 7,2], 'If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other cheek to him also.' He gives the clergyman a blow on the ear to see if he will act as the Bible recommends. Instead, the clergyman hits him back, quoting [Matthew 5,39], 'With the measure you use, it will be measured to you, and even more.' [J1262.3]. In some variants there are witnesses to the fight who say that both men are interpreting the Bible. Or, the fight is between a gentleman and a clergyman. The gentleman hits the clergyman with a stick, saying, 'This is Moses' staff, with which he drew water out of the rock.' The clergyman draws a pistol and says, 'This is Aaron's holy censer.'[J1446]. Cf. Type 1811B.",NA,1533A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1848,A Pebble for Each Sin,"Tubach 1969, No. 4413; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1186; EM: S�ndensteine (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 544; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1848, cf. No. 1848*; English: cf. Baughman 1966; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J2466.1; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Bodens 1937, No. 1146, Dittmaier 1950, No. 468; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1848A*; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 108; Dagestan: cf. Chalilov 1965, No. 102; US-American: cf. Baker 1986, No. 273.","A farmer (boy) who comes to confession cannot remember how many times he sinned. The clergyman tells him that every time he sins, he should put a pebble (potato) aside. The next time he comes to confession, the man brings two large sacks of pebbles (a wheelbarrow load of potatoes) [J2466.1]. Cf. Type 1738.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1848A,The Clergyman's Calendar,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 47; cf. Arlotto/Wesselski 1910, No. 117; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 9; Basset 1924ff. I, 350 No. 73; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1186; EM 7 (1993) 878f. (A. Schmidt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 412, 544; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 240f.; French: Dardy 1891, No. 19; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 420�422, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1848B; Dutch: Sinninghe 1934, 140; German: Wrasmann 1908, 75f., Wisser 1922f. II, 33ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 181j; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1848A, 1848B; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1848E*; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 140; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 274f., epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 463, Pilikova 1992, No. 50; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1825E*, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3866; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1848B; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1236; Jewish: Jason 1988a, No. 1848B; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, 162f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1848D; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 241f., El-Shamy 2004, No. 1848B; Egyptian: Jahn 1970, 392, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1848B.","(Including the previous Type 1848B.) A clergyman (Nasreddin Hodja) who cannot read the calendar puts beans (peas, grains of corn, pumpkin seeds) into his jacket pocket corresponding to the number of days in Lent (Ramadan). Each day he removes (eats) one bean (throws it in a pot). His wife (daughter) finds the beans and, thinking her husband likes them to eat, adds another handful. When the clergyman is asked how many more fast days there are, he counts the beans in his pocket and names an absurdly big number (says that Easter will not come this year; or, he finds colored eggshells and says that Easter is here already) [J2466.2]. Or, a clergyman makes a broom (wheel; collects a single egg) each day of the week so that he will know when Sunday comes. When he has six brooms, he tells the sexton to ring the bells on the following day. A neighbor (sexton) notices this scheme and hides one of the brooms, so that the clergyman makes a mistake and misses the service on Sunday.","Documented in the 16th century by Georg Wickram, Rollwagenb�chlein (No. 47).",1739.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1848D,The Clergyman Forgets Easter (previously Priest Confuses Easter and Christmas),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 82; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 14.","Spanish: cf. Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1848A*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A clergyman who cannot read forgets to announce the holy days to his congregation. He hears that it is already Palm Sunday. When he goes back to his congregation, he tells them that Lent was shortened to one week this year because of the hard winter and that Easter will come next week. Or, an illiterate clergyman forgets or mixes up others of the holy days of the church calendar.","Documented by Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 11) in the 15th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,Other Jokes About Religious Figures 1800-1849,1849*,The Clergyman on the Cow's Tail,,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 381; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1300*VI, Kov�cs 1988, 53; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 404f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 432; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, 379f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., 369 No. 37; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4348; US-American: Baughman 1966, Burrison 1989, 38.","A clergyman (organist) has a cow that swishes her tail to shoo away flies when she is being milked. In order to stop this, the clergyman ties her tail to his jacket (around his neck). When a wasp stings the cow, she runs away, dragging the clergyman after her. In some variants from southeast Europe, a clergyman sits on the back of an unruly cow while his wife (farmhand) milks it. The cow runs away with the clergyman. Others ask him where he is going, and he replies, 'Only God and this stupid cow know!' [J2132.3]. Cf. Type 1838.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1725,The Lover Discovered (previously The Foolish Parson in the Trunk),"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 20; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 101; BP II,18, 131; BP III, 401; Schwarzbaum 1968, 143; EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 131, VI, Nos. 374, 375; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 275; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 357; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos/Fuchs 1951, No. 83; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 67, IV, No. 55, Berntsen 1893f. I, No. 24, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., Nos. 14, 60; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 250; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 107, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 88f.; Portuguese: Fontinha 1997, 107f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 118; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 277, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 101, Moser-Rath 1984, 289; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 395; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 365, 452, 483, 542; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 331ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3002, 3512, 3515; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 359; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 98, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 404ff., Bjazyrov 1960, No. 22; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 382; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 1725A; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 69; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. V, No. 5, XII, No. 15, XVI, No. 12; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1741*A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 40; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer and his servant are plowing. The servant goes home to overhear the farmwife and her lover (often a clergyman). The lover hides. The servant pretends that he is supposed to do some job that threatens the lover's hiding place: light the oven, clean the chimney, clean the wool. He is about to throw a chest in which the lover is hiding into water or to throw it down the stairs (he lets the lover free in return for a ransom). The lover hides in the calf's stall and the servant drives him out with a whip. The wife wants to bring food outdoors to her lover, whose whereabouts she thinks she can locate by following certain signs along the way. The servant manages to alter the signs (e.g. he puts cloth on a horse to change its color) so that the wife brings the food to him instead [K1571]. The wife sends the servant to take food to her lover (to invite him to a meal). The servant drops the food on the way and tells the lover that the husband has discovered the adultery. On his way back, he tells the farmer that the lover has refused to come. Or, he says that the lover wants the farmer to help him repair his broken plow [K1573]. When the lover sees the farmer collecting the food strewn along the way, he thinks he is coming with the tools or going to attack him, so he runs away. Meanwhile, the servant has told the wife that her husband knows about her adultery, so she runs away. He tells the farmer that she left because her village (house) burned down. Or that she had promised always to cook food just as good as she did today if her husband can catch up with her. The farmer immediately goes after her. (Cf. Type 1741.) In the end, the wife confesses and she (and her lover) are possibly punished [K1572]. Cf. Types 1358, 1358A'1358C.",Documented in the 16th century.,"1358, 1358A�C, 1380, and 1535."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1730,The Entrapped Suitors,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 11f. No. 185, 13 No. 186, 13f. No. 187, VIII, 50f. No. 18; Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 154; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 1147f. (K.-H. Schirmer); Dekker et al. 1997, 387�390; Verfasserlexikon 11 (2000) 256�258 (N. Zotz); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 198, 393.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 377�379; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 276, 277; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 358; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K1218.1; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 28; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Johnson 1839, 86ff.; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 16, Joisten 1971 II, No. 251; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 328, Braga 1987 I, 265f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1730, cf. No. 1730*C; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1730, 1730A*; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 262, Peuckert 1959, No. 202; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, No. 73, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1730, 1730A*, and app.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1730, cf. Nos. 1730A*1, 1730A*2, 1730C*, 1730D*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 259ff.; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3469; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1730, 1730A*, 1730B*, cf. Nos. *1730A�D, *1730F*; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 66, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1730, 1730B*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1730, cf. Nos. 1730D*, 1730*; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1730, cf. No. 1730*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1730, 1730B*, cf. Nos. 1730A**, 1730*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 249 (6), 268; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 1730, cf. No. 1730A*1, 1730C*; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1730, cf. Nos. 1730A**, 1730D*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1730, cf. No. 1730*; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 348, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 313, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Saudi Arabian, Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1730; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1730, cf. No. 1730*; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 5; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVI, No. 12; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 1730, cf. No. 1730*C; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1730, cf. No. 1730D*; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 88; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 348, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Miscellaneous type. (Including the previous Types 1730A* and 1730B*.) A pretty, faithful wife is courted by three men (usually clergyman). With her husband's consent, she invites them to a private rendezvous. Before the first man's wishes are gratified, the second arrives and the first must hide in an uncomfortable position. When all three of the lovers are caught thus, they are killed or punished in some other manner, or are ridiculed or made to pay a ransom [K1218.1, cf. K1218.2]. Cf. Types 882A*, 1359A, and 1359C.","Oriental origin, documented in the Seven Wise Men and the Arabian Nights, and later in French fabliaux and Italian novelle. Also a humorous ballad.","882A*, 1536B."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1731,The Youth and the Pretty Shoes,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 46; Nicholson 1980, 211f., 216; EM: Schuhe angeboten (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 11, VI, No. 380; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 393; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 42; Croatian: Eschker 1986, No. 24; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, Nos. 79, 80; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 382; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A young man goes to a clergyman's house and seduces the servant girl, the daughter, and the wife. He promises to give them each a beautiful pair of shoes which he has stolen [T455.3.1]. Instead, he threatens to expose them to the clergyman and makes them pay him not to tell. Cf. Types 1420A'D. In some variants, he also tricks the clergyman. He gives him medicine for his bald (mangy) head and orders him to say, 'I know what I know, but I will not tell.' The clergyman does this and the women confess their sexual liasons to him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1734*,Whose Cow Was Gored (An eye for an eye,Fabula 20 (1979) 246.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 382; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 239; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 313; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 31, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 289; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3328; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1734*, cf. No. *1734A*; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Indian: Jason 1989; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",") A sexton hears the preacher give a sermon about the biblical phrase, 'an eye for an eye.' When the preacher's cow gores the sexton's cow with its horns and kills it, the sexton wants the preacher to give him a new cow. The preacher refuses. It would have been different, though, if the sexton's cow had killed the preacher's. Cf. Type 1589.","Cf. Erasmus von Rotterdam, Opera Omnia (V,927).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1735,'Who Gives his Own Goods Shall Receive it Back Tenfold,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 108; Wesselski 1909, No. 129; BP I, 292; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 324; B�dier 1925, 451f.; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 53; Schwarzbaum 1968, 184, 186; Tubach 1969, Nos. 176, 4089; Swietek 1976; Gier 1985, No. 13; EM: Vergeltung: Die zehnfache V. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 383�385; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 284(21�22), 293(14), 328; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 353; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 275, Kamp 1897f. II, No. 6, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 450�455; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, 177f., Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 60; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 366, 518, 519, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 286, Neumann 1968b, 126, Moser-Rath 1984, 285, 291, 387f., 439, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1725, and app.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 366f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 4089; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 140, cf. III, No. 65, cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 250; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 294ff.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 261, cf. No. 231; Serbian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 309; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 96; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1735, cf. No. *779E*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 29; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 380; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 20, IX, No. 11; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 23, Paredes 1970, No. 66; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","' A preacher gives a sermon saying that whoever gives alms will receive them back tenfold [J1262.5.1]. A farmer brings him his only cow. In the evening, she goes back home to the farmer, and all the preacher's cows follow her. The farmer wants to keep all the cows because God has sent them to him [K366.1.1]. The farmer and the preacher agree that the cows will belong to whichever of them says, 'Good morning' to the other first [K176]. The farmer stays secretly in the preacher's house and sees that the preacher spends the night with his female servant. In the morning, the farmer greets the preacher and lets him know that he is aware of his liason. The preacher lets the farmer keep the cows.","Early version by John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (E III,47).","1525A, 1585."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1735A,The Wrong Song (previously The Bribed Boy Sings the Wrong Song),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 186; Bruford 1970; EM 5 (1987) 1122�1125 (K. Roth); Dekker et al. 1997, 142f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 551; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 342; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 239�244; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 344; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1; English: Baughman 1966, No. 1735C, Briggs 1970f. A II, 173f., 344, Wehse 1979, No. 474; French: Seignolle 1946, No. 84, Joisten 1971 II, No. 252, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 60, Pelen 1994, No. 166; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 389, 508, 509, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 183; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 451, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 287, Berger 2001; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, 73 No. 2; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 30, 122; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 133; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 446; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 276; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1735A*; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 115ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1735C; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Abrahams 1970, 182ff.; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 1735*A; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 89; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1735*A.","A clergyman is so miserly that he will not give the farmers any parts of the hogs he has slaughtered (cf. Type 1792). The sexton (teacher, poor farmers) steals one of his hogs (cow, sheep, ham). The clergyman overhears the young son (daughter) of the sexton singing, 'My father stole the clergyman's hog.' The clergyman praises the child for the song and promises to give him money and clothes (shoes, a picture) if he will sing it on Sunday in church. The child tells his father (the father becomes suspicious), who teaches him another song. On Sunday, the clergyman announces from the pulpit, 'What this child sings is true.' The child sings, 'The clergyman has slept with my mother (all the women in the village).' [K1631]. (Or, 'All the children with red hair belong to the clergyman' ' cf. Type 1805*). The clergyman tries to deny this, but the farmers mock him and he has to leave the church (loses his position, dies from shame).","Documented in an English song in an 18th-century manuscript of David Herd (Hecht 1904, 176).","1536A, 1642A, and 1792."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1735B,The Recovered Coin,"Kasprzyk 1963, No. 53.","French: cf. Pelen 1994, No. 178; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1735C; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992.","A man puts a coin in the offering box and retrieves it by means of a thread. The clergyman says, 'May God repay you!' The man answers, 'He has done so already.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1736,The Stingy Clergyman,EM: Wiese: Die auferstandene W. (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 386; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 324; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 254; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 161, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 311�315, Holbek 1990, No. 45; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 269a, Hen�en 1963a, No. 63, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 55; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 146; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1969, No. 1; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1736I; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Tillhagen 1948, 247ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 314ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: cf. Parker 1910ff. II, No. 121; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","The servant (servants, Eulenspiegel) of a stingy clergyman sleeps instead of mowing the meadow. He puts a wasp nest (anthill, beetle) into a box (bag) and tells the clergyman that he has found a box full of gold in the meadow. The clergyman says it is his. The servant protests but finally agrees, threatening that the gold will turn into wasps and the grass in the meadow will grow back [K1975, K1975.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1736A,Sword Turns to Wood,"Wesselski 1928a, 115�119; HDM 2 (1934�40) 242; Schwarzbaum 1968, 224f., 475; EM 11,3 (2005) 964�967 (C. Hauschild).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 387; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 296; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Dutch: Dinnissen 1993, No. 43; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 61; German: Zender 1935, No. 141, Bodens 1937, Nos. 1093�1095, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 402; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 129ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4640; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 169ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 309 (6); Jewish: Jason 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 168ff.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 101; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 338ff.; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 373ff.; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. 844B*; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 401f.; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 58, El-Shamy 2004.","A king disguises himself and visits an inn. There he meets a soldier who has sold his saber to buy drinks. The king asks him how he will salute, and the soldier replies that he has bigger problems than that. He later substitutes a wooden sword for his saber. The next day, the king orders the soldier to behead his friend (another man). The soldier prays to God to turn his sword into a piece of wood so that he will not have to kill his friend (if the man is innocent). The king forgives him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1736B,The Firm Belief,"HDM II, 241.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 30; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1736B*; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 189, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 403, Gr�ner 1964, 289 No. 516.","King Friedrich II of Prussia asks a soldier what he believes. The soldier says he believes what the shoemaker believes. The king asks what that is, and the soldier explains that he owes the shoemaker for a pair of boots but the shoemaker believes he will not be paid for them. The soldier also believes this. The king gives him money to pay the shoemaker. Later the king asks the soldier if he ever payed for the boots. The soldier replies that he and the shoemaker would not alter their beliefs for such a small amount of money.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1737,The Clergyman in the Sack to Heaven,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, No. 147; BP II, 10�18; BP III, 188�193, 379�406; Schwarzbaum 1968, 298; EM 10 (2002) 884�887 (H. Lox); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 224.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 150, 151, 388, 389; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 275; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921, No. 1737*; Wepsian, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 40; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: cf. Baughman 1966, No. 1525, Briggs 1970f. A II, 392f.; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 32, Massignon 1953, No. 13, Joisten 1971 II, No. 129, cf. No. 126; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 210, 466; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Plenzat 1927, Zender 1935, No. 46, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 192, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 121a, 121b; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsian: Massignon 1963, No. 78; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 86, Tille 1929ff. II 2, 283ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 288ff., V, 26f., Ga�par�kov� 1981 a, 200; Slovene: Kropej 1995, 187ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 51; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 405; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5307, 5727; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, Nos. 123, 124; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 368 (5); Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 262f., MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Paasonen/Siro 1939, No. 4; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 57; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 8, Ramos 1953, 62ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 103; North American Indian: Robe 1973; US-American: cf. Baughman 1966, No. 1525; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 34�36, 54f., 21 (1946) 73�75, Robe 1973; Baer 1980, 48f., 80f., 145f.; Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 667; East African: Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.67, 2.3.79, 2.3.1525.","A man (master thief) is ordered to capture the preacher and put him into a sack. He dresses as an angel (Gabriel, Michael, angel of death) or as a saint (Peter) and waits at night near the church (parsonage, cemetery, pulpit) to conduct the preacher to heaven alive. The credulous preacher willingly gets into the sack (chest, trunk), and the man takes him to the goose house (bell tower, chimney; hangs him by the gate). The next day, the preacher is discovered by his maidservant as she feeds the geese (bell-ringer as he rings the bells). She lets him out of the sack. Cf. Types 1525A, 1535.","Usually in combination with Type 1525A. Documented in medieval Arabian literature. In the earliest European variants in the Renaissance � from Marabottino Manetti and from Straparola, Piacevoli notti (I,2). �, the clergyman is first tricked by a thief.","940, 950, 1004, 1479*, 1525, 1525A, 1525D, 1525E, 1526, and 1535."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1738,The Dream: All Clergymen in Hell,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 346; EM 10 (2002) 1291�1296 (S. Neumann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 209�211, VI, Nos. 390�393; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 363; Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, Nos. 193�201; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1738A*; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 74, Kristensen 1900, No. 550; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1738, 1738C*; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 22, 236f., 276f.; Portuguese: cf. Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1855*C; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 209; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1738C*; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 70; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 270, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 212, 219, Moser-Rath 1984, 216, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VIII, No. 2Probs/9, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 186, 223, cf. Nos. 158, 224, Berger 2001, No. 1738, cf. No. 1738*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 100, 125, 142; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1738, and app.; Hungarian: Dobos 1962, No. 66; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 41; Macedonian: cf. Eschker 1986, No. 80; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4071; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 298, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Bloch 1931, 104, Landmann 1973, 461; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 108, El-Shamy 2004; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 119, 120; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 157, Baughman 1966, No. J2466.1(a), Jackson/McNeil 1985, 129f., cf. Baker 1986, No. 273; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 18f., 25 (1953) 5f.; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 45, cf. Dance 1978, Nos. 63�65; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 67; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1738, 1738C.","(Including the previous Types 1738A* and 1738C*.) Three main versions of this story can be distinguished: (1) A priest refuses to go to the deathbed of one of his parishioners to perform the last rites, because the man has not come to church (for another reason). The sick man recovers and meets the priest. He tells him that he dreamed (that it really happened) that he died and went to the gate of heaven. St. Peter would not let him in because he had not received the last rites. The sick man had asked if he could not receive them postumously in heaven. Peter explained that there are no priests in heaven: they are all in hell [X438]. Often continued by Type 1860A. Also told of other professions (e.g. lawyers, commissioners of police), ethnic groups (e.g. Scots, Jews), and rich people (noblemen). (2) A fool comes down a hill. The clergyman asks him where he comes from. He answers, 'From above.' The clergyman asks him what God is doing up there [H797.2]. The fool answers, 'He is wondering why there are so few clergymen in heaven.' Cf. Types 922, 1833C. (Previously Type 1738A*.) (3) In order to enter heaven, a clergyman and a sexton are required to make a chalk mark for each of their sins on the stairs. The clergyman has to go back and get more chalk. Cf. Type 1848. (Previously Type 1738C*.)",NA,"1860A, 1889E, 1920C, 1960A, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1738B*,The Clergyman's Dream,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Meyrac 1890, 449, cf. Pelen 1994, No. 146; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1738B; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 181(f), Hen�en 1951, No. 76, Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 168; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","On Sunday morning, a preacher warns his parishioners from the pulpit that their contributions are overdue. He says that he dreamed that he died and went to heaven. There, he was overcome by an urgent need, and asked St. Peter if he could go to the toilet. When he looked down the hole, he saw his village underneath him. He told St. Peter that he could not use that hole because he would soil his parishioners. In response, St. Peter asked him if this would not serve them right, since they did not pay their contributions.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1738D*,Alone in Heaven,,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 214; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bemmann 1976, 125; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 112; South African: cf. Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 800.0.4d.","A man (Catholic) comes to heaven and St. Peter conducts him to his proper place. When they pass a certain room (a high hedge), St. Peter tells him to be quiet because this is where the Reformed Protestants (Adventists, Methodists) are. 'We let them believe that only members of their denomination are in heaven.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1739,The Clergyman and the Calf,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I, No. 148; BP I, 317f.; cf. Kasprzyk 1963, No. 4; cf. Roth 1977, 71, 110f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 419, 420 not. 9, 10; Zapperi 1984; EM 10 (2002) 1300�1303 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 72, 73, 86, VI, Nos. 208, 394, 395; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 273; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 69, Christensen 1941, No. 7; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 159, 160, Pelen 1994, No. 160; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 143f.; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 210, II, No. 539, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder 2001, No. 74; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Bodens 1937, No. 1176, Neumann 1968b, No. 217, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 74l, cf. Grubm�ller 1996, 666�695, 1250�1259, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 444f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 163f., V, 32ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 8, 387, cf. No. 320; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1739, cf. No. 1739A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 367V; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, Nos. 27, 51; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. 1862C; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 18; US-American: Dorson 1964, 87f.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 183ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A man (usually a clergyman) who has a stomachache sends his servant (maid) to the doctor with a sample of his urine. On the way the bottle breaks, and the servant fills a new bottle with urine from a pregnant cow (mare). The doctor diagnoses that the man will give birth to a calf (cf. Type 1862C). The man believes him (and goes away embarrassed). Some time later (in a stall, when he is drunk, after taking a laxative) he evacuates his bowels. He happens to see a calf there and believes it to be his child [J2321.1]. Cf. Type 1319.","The central motif of the test of substituted urine first appears in an Aesopic fable (Babrius/Perry, No. 684).","1281A, 1848A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1739A*,A Miser Gives Birth to a Child (previously Man Thinks he has Given Birth to a Child by Letting Wind),"Ranelagh 1979, 210�217; EM 10 (2002) 1301.","Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 130, Christensen 1941, No. 8; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 367V; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 345, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 14, El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 183ff.","A miserly man who has been married many times will not give his wife anything that she can cook to make a meal. Then, to punish her for not cooking, he stops up her nose and ears and leaves her. Another young woman takes revenge (cf. Type 1408B): She marries the miser, secretly takes some of his money, and gives him so much food that it gives him a stomachache. Then she tells him that he is pregnant. When he farts (during his sleep), she puts a newborn baby in his arms. He is so embarrassed that he leaves home [J2321.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1740,Candles on the Crayfish,"BP III 388f.; B�dker 1945; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 298; Kretzenbacher 1974; EM 8 (1996) 1035�1038 (J. van der Kooi).","Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 275; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1740*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1971, 104ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Baughman 1966; French: Pini�s 1985, 39ff.; Dutch: Geldof 1979, 119; German: Rehermann 1977, 276 No. 35, 553 No. 14, Moser-Rath 1984, 454f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 192, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 4; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 852ff.; Austrian: Vernaleken 1859, No. 9, Haiding 1969, Nos. 121a, 121b; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 390; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 26, II, Nos. 417, 535, 576; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 250, Karadi 1937, No. 4, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 202, 203; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 361; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5307, 5727; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1740A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 204, MNK X 1; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","At night (Halloween) a man (rascal, thief, trickster, clergyman) sticks lights (candles) on the backs of living crayfish (crabs, beetles) and sets the animals loose in a room (the graveyard). Gullible people take them for spirits (devils, souls from Purgatory) and are frightened (run away, pay money for a mass, let themselves be put into a sack to be conveyed to 'heaven') [K335.0.5.1].","Documented in the late 14th century by Franco Sacchetti, Trecento novelle (No. 191).","1525A, 1737."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1740B,Thieves as Ghosts,,"Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 60, Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 256; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 681, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1532**A; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 405; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","Miscellaneous type. Thieves (tricksters) disguise themselves out of various intentions and in various ways as supernatural figures. Either they succeed in their tricks, or they are exposed. Cf. Type 1676.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1741,The Priest's Guest and the Eaten Chickens,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 179f. No. 341; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 543; BP II, 129�131; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 364; R�hrich 1962f. I, No. 10; Schwarzbaum 1968, 57, 453f.; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; Schmidt 1999; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 547f. (H. Ragotzky); EM 10 (2002) 1308�1311 (J. van der Kooi); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 403.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 396; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 76f., Kristensen 1899, Nos. 514, 516�519, Holbek 1990, No. 47; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 8, Cosquin 1886f. II, No. 84, Pelen 1994, No. 164; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 374�376, 502, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1350*B, 1741; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 997, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 155; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 291, 380, 426, Tomkowiak 1993, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 77; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 5; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 399f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 273f., Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 116; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 465f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3002, 3468; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 117f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 359 V; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 22; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1741A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1741A, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 75; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 159; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Dominican: Karlinger/P�gl 1983, No. 16; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Stumme 1893, No. 12; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 28, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 52, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1279; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A man (priest) directs his wife (cook, maidservant) to cook two chickens (geese, hares, fish) for a dinner to which he has invited a guest (the clergyman). The wife and her lover secretly eat (nibble at) the fowl. Before (during) the dinner, as her husband sharpens his carving knife, she tells the guest that her husband intends to cut his ears (testicles) off. The guest runs away. She tells her husband that the guest took the chickens with him. The husband chases after him, crying, 'At least give me one of them!' [K2137]. Cf. Type 1725. In some variants, the wife tells the guest that her husband intends to put the pestle up his backside (oven-fork in his mouth). The husband runs after him, crying, 'Let me put it in just a little way!'",Documented in the 12th/13th century.,1533A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1741*,The Sausage Tax (previously The Parson is Dissatisfied with his Share),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 397, 398; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 14; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 99; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; German: Rosenow 1924, 54f.; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917/20) 648.","At Christmas, every farmer must bring the clergyman a sausage. One poor man's horse dies, so he has a huge intestine to use for sausage. He fills it with mashed potatoes, groats, and other (strange) fillings. The clergyman praises the man for his nice big sausage. Later, he announces in church that the sausage tax has been abolished.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1743*,The Promised Gift,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 328, 330�334; German: Neumann 1968b, 121; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS.","A woman (man) confesses her sins to the priest. The priest admits to her that he has committed similar sins himself. In return for her absolution, the woman promises to give the priest a turkey (fish). During the sermon, the priest reminds her to bring what she had promised. She answers that he had told her that he too had committed such sins.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1744,In Purgatory,EM 1 (1977) 357.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 502; Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, No. 183; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 389; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 273 ff.; Walloon: Bulletin de la Soci�t� li�goise de Litt�rature Wallone 19 (1892) 314; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1755A*; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 233, Bodens 1937, No. 1150, Dietz 1951, No. 105, Bemmann 1976, 119f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1833G; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3763; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, No. J2326.5; African American: Dance 1978, No. 277.","(Including Type 1833G.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A clergyman demands repeated payments from a dying man (the man's relatives) who wants to buy his way out of Purgatory. The man asks if his place in heaven is guaranteed. The clergyman replies, 'Nearly.' (He has his hand on the doorknob to heaven, the fire in purgatory is only as high as his knees). The dying man (his relatives) says that he can take care of himself from here. (2) An old woman asks a clergyman whether her deceased husband is in heaven or in hell. He asks for a donation and she gives him some money. After a while the clergyman tells her that her husband is still burning in hell (up to his knee) and she should give more money to save him. The old woman refuses, saying that her husband always had cold feet. Or, an old woman asks the clergyman if it is warm enough in heaven, or if she would be better off in hell.(Previously Type 1833G.)","Early version (1) in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der sun mit des vaters sel (1550).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1750,The Hen Learns to Speak (previously The Parson's Stupid Wife,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 843; Schwarzbaum 1968, 185; EM: Tiere lernen sprechen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 401; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 9, 11, 624; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: cf. Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 346, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1525*T; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 19ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1750; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 368 (1�2); Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 41; Uzbek: cf. Stein 1991, No. 29; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1750, 1750B�; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1750B�; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 129, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1750B�; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. VIII, No. 3, XIV, No. 32; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1750B�.","). A mercenary lover makes the clergyman's foolish wife (a neighbor woman who has discovered the liason) believe that a hen (chickens) can be taught to talk (sing) [J1882.1]. The woman gives him the hen (eggs to hatch) and feed for it. (The man eats the hen or eggs.) When the woman asks what the hen (chickens) has learned to say, the man answers, that it can say, 'The clergyman's wife has slept with the farmer.' She lets him keep the hen and feed (bribes him not to tell anyone) [K1271.1.3].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1750A,Sending a Dog to Be Educated,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 186; EM: Tiere lernen sprechen (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1750; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Meder 2001, No. 505; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 167; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1925a, 93f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 56, Berger 2001; Swiss: Ranke 1972, No. 195; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 450; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 454; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 328f.; Albanian: Ranke 1972, No. 87; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 202ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1750; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 210; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVI, No. 11; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 37.","A clergyman (farmer) wants his dog to learn to speak. His servant offers to bring the dog to the schoolmaster (to teach it himself). The clergyman gives the servant money for the dog's education. Cf. Type 1675. After some time the clergyman sends the servant to get the dog back. The servant returns without the dog, saying that he drowned it (killed it in some other way) because it said that its master was sleeping with the maid. (The master agrees that the tattletale dog should be punished.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Jokes About Clergymen And Religious Figures 1725-1849,The Clergyman Is Tricked 1725-1774,1750B,Teaching the Donkey to Speak,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, No. 101; cf. Wesselski 1911 II, No. 552; Schwarzbaum 1968, 147, 184, 468.","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 99; German: Debus 1951, 181f., Berger 2001, No. 1675A; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 12; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4851; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1635D; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1750*B, Jason 1988a, No. 1750*B, Haboucha 1992, No. 1750*B; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1750A; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1750*B; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1750A.","A ruler (landlord) wants his donkey (camel, dog, calf) to learn to speak (read, pray), but cannot find anyone who will teach it [H1024.4]. He offers a big salary to any teacher who can do this in ten (25, etc.) years' time [K551.11]. If the teacher fails, he will be punished (killed). A poor man (Eulenspiegel) accepts the task, hoping that by the end of the time, either he, the donkey, or the master will be dead.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1200,Sowing Salt,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 423; Dekker et al. 1997, 176; Hansen 2002, 414f.; EM: Salzsaat (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 12, 13; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 230, 263(5.6); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1200, cf. No. *1583*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1964, No. 77; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 57, B�dker/H�llen 1966 II, 99ff.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 112, 147, 195, 197, 200, 233f., 255, 256, 349; French: Blad� 1886 III, 130ff., Fabre/Lacroix 1970b, 245ff.; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 284; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 458, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, No. 11; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Ranke 1966, No. 71b, Moser-Rath 1984, 66, Berger 2001, No. 1201*, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, Nos. 158, 159; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 20; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1200, cf. Nos. 1200I*, 1200II*, 1200III*, 1200IV*, 1200V*; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 7ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 114, 180; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 86f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 316, 317; Croatian: Eschker 1986, No. 15; Bosnian: Krauss 1914 I, No. 55; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 25; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3855; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 305, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 327 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Azerbaijan: Dirr 1920, No. 80; Uzbek: cf. Schewerdin 1959, 215ff.; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 83ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: Campbell 1952, 142ff., El-Shamy 2004, No. 1004A�; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; US-American: Randolph 1955, 123ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1889, No. 8; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 24; East African: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee at al. 1967, No. 1384.","Fools (numskulls) sow salt in a field and expect it to grow so they can sell the crop for a high price [J1932.3]. Instead of salt, nettles grow, and the numskulls are proud of how well the 'salt' is doing. In some variants, instead of salt, various substances like cooked grain [J1932.1], needles [J1932.5], gold dust, a small coin [J2348], chopped bacon or a hog [J1932.4] are sowed or planted.",Documented in the late 16th century in the Lalebuch (No. 14).,"1201, 1245, 1285, 1288, 1382, 1383, 1384, and 1540."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1200A,Sowing the Seed in One Place,,"Basque: Webster 1877, 11ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.",Numskull(s) sow(s) all the seeds in one furrow.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1201,Carrying the Horse (previously The Plowing),"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 13; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 43; EM 10 (2002) 929�932 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 13�15; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 230, 231; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, 276f.; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 87, Christensen 1939, Nos. 6, 57; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 12; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Ranke 1966, No. 71c, Moser-Rath 1984, 66, Berger 2001, Nos. 1201*, 1201**, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 262; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 95, Haiding 1965; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 114, 180; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 12; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Schwarzbaum 1968, 473; Votyak: Munk�csi 1952, No. 105; Tadzhik: Dechoti 1958, 82; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 19 (1944) 156.","Four men (numskulls) carry the plow horse so it will not trample down the (sprouting) seeds [J2163]. In some variants, they carry the man who guards the field on horse-back (on a cart, boat, rack, ladder) when he wants to scare away an animal (e.g. stork, cow, pig, horse), so that he will not trample down the growing seeds.",Documented in the early16th century.,1200.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1202,The Dangerous Sickle (previously The Grain Harvesting),"BP II, 69�76; EM: Sichel: Die gef�hrliche S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 16, 92; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 232a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 16; Swedish: EU, No. 12522; French: Meyrac 1890, 515ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 85; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 90; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 81, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 70, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 263; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 8f.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 243, IV, No. 359; Bulgarian: Haralampieff/Frolec 1971, 214ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Votyak: Munkacsi 1952, No. 105; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XII, 227ff., 236ff.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 194.","In a land where the use of the sickle is unknown, grain is picked or shot down with guns [J2196]. When the people try to use a sickle, it cuts one of the men. People think the sickle is a dangerous animal and drown it as punishment [J1865]. Cf. Type 1650.",NA,"1245, 1384, 1535, 1650, and 1651."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1203,The Scythe Cuts a Man's Head off,"EM: Sichel: Die gef�hrliche S. (forthcoming).Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 17�19; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 232b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 41; Swedish: Liungman 1961; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 222; Ladinian: Schneller 1867, No. 7; Russian: SUS; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.",NA,"A numskull carries a scythe (sickle) around his neck. When he tries to take it off, he cuts his head off [J2422].",NA,"1202, 1535, and 1650."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1203A,The Sickle (Scythe) Thought to Be a Serpent,EM: Sichel: Die gef�hrliche S. (forthcoming),"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 258; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Merkens 1892ff I, No. 69, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/932, Berger 2001, No. 1203A*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 135; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3813; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1202; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","Numskulls find a sickle and mistake it for a serpent (worm, dragon, monster). They strike it and it bounces up and lands around the neck of one of them. When they pull on the 'serpent', they cut off the man's head. Cf. Types 1314, 1650.",NA,1202.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1204,Fool Keeps Repeating his Instructions so as to remember them,"Clouston 1888, 133.","Swedish: EU, No. 3187; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 208�211, 215, II, Nos. 213, 220, 225, 226, Kristensen 1900, No. 344; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 76; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 50, Hen�en 1935, No. 233, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 176; Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1206*; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 38; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 142; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 91; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 58; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 162; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; West Indies: Andrews 1880 III, 53f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",He usually forgets them [J2671.2]. Cf. Type 1687.,"Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der pawer mit dem saffran (1548).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1204**,Milking a Hen,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 17; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 26f.; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1231* IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 408ff., 411; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 13ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 263, 301; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4493; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1204**, cf. No. *1205**; Polish: Piprek 1918, 195; Russian: SUS, No. 1204**, cf. No. 1205*; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1204**, cf. No. 1204A***; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1205; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 1980, No. 70.",NA,"This miscellaneous type includes tales in which a fool misunderstands the nature of domestic animals. For example, an (old) woman tries to milk a hen, or she insults (slays) it because it does not suckle its chicks. In some variants a numskull tries to milk an ox, to put a cow (hog) on a chicken ladder, to feed a tree trunk to a kid with; or he washes and wrings out a cat so that it dies [J1900]. Cf. Type 1284*.",NA,"1210, 1245, 1384, 1540, and 1541."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1208*,The Belled Salmon,"Lox 1998, 223.","Dutch: Cornelissen 1929ff. IV, 14; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 190f., II, 276f.; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 64, Neumann 1968b, 8, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 84, Berger 2001; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 136; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1310 II*.","A bell is tied on a salmon (eel, pike) so that the fish can be found later. Cf. Types 110, 1310.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1210,The Cow (Other Domestic Animal) is Taken to the Roof to Graze [J1904,"EM 8 (1996) 563�567 (S. F�hrmann).Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos., 2, 8, 21, 22; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1210, 1210*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 197, Christensen 1939, No. 81, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 46; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Jones 1930, 229; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 46; French: Blad� 1886 III, 130ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 196, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 40; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 186, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1210*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 1210*; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 446, 447, 449, 469, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1210, 1210*; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 38, Meyere 1925ff. II, No. 171, III, No. 231, Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 230, Ranke 1966, No. 72, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 74n, 83d, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 156, Gerstner-Hirzel 1979, No. 254; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 22f.; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, 253ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1210, 1210*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 231, MNK VI, Nos. 1210, 1210*I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 125, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 327; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 8; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 211, 212; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 46; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 259ff., Eschker 1986, No. 76; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3821; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1210, 1210**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 235, 331 III 2c; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 1210, 1210**; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 333; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 187; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1210*; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 202ff., Lemieux 1974ff. XII, 228ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966, Dorson 1967, Nos. 204, 205; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 121; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1450, Grobbelaar 1981.",NA,"1]. (Including the previous Type 1210*.) In some variants, the animal is driven up a ramp; in others it is hoisted up to the roof or a (church-) tower and strangled.","Documented in the late 16th century; most variants date back to the middle of the 19th century. Widespread anecdote, often part of Type 1384 or 1408.","1245, 1248, 1384, 1386, 1387, 1408, 1450, and also 1154, 1204**, 1229*, 1263, 1286, 1326, 1535, 1540, and 1540A*."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1211,The Cow Chewing its Cud (previously The Peasant Woman Thinks the Cow Chewing her Cud is Mimicking Her),"Hansen 2002, 35�38.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 10; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1949ff. II, S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. I, No. 47; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 84; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 1211A, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1977b, No. 327; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1213*; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1929ff., 423f.; Slovene: Planinski 1891f. I, 27ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 181, 211; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3850; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 28, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1211, 1213*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 223 III 3�6, 327 III 3b; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 40; Georgian: Papashvily 1946, 201ff.; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 27, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1270.","(Including the previous Type 1213*.) A farmwife (numskull) kills the cow (goat, ox) because she thinks it is mimicking her [J1835] (will not give her any chewing gum). In some variants, an animal is killed because its lowing (bleating, or the like) is misinterpreted as laughter or mockery. In other variants, a villager believes that the donkey listens to what he tells him, because its ear move. (Previously Type 1213*.)",NA,"1384, 1386."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1213,The Pent Cuckoo,"Field 1913; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 166.","Irish: cf. � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1200�1335; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 25, 26f., 51f., 351; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1229*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. II, 279, 325; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1213; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 36, Wossidlo 1910, 183, Moser-Rath 1984, 385, 436; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 31; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3839; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 360 No. 2; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Fools build an enclosure of hedges to hold a cuckoo. It flies over one of the hedges. They say that they have not built the walls high enough [J1904.2]. In some variants, a numskull decides to close the town gate so that a bird (e.g. falcon, dove) that flew away cannot escape.","Documented since the late 9th century as an Arabian anecdote, in Europe since the 17th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1214,The Persuasive Auctioneer,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 309.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 117, 118; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 26; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3849; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Jason 1975, Haboucha 1992; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 127, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 330, Baughman 1966; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",An auctioneer (salesman) praises a man's worthless cow so much that the man takes it back himself [J2087].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1214*,Driving a Horse into its Collar (Bridle) instead of putting it on the horse,,Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.,NA,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1215,"The Miller, his Son, and the Donkey","Chauvin 1892ff. II, 148 No. 2, VIII, 139f. No. 138; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 541; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 577; Holbek 1964; Tubach 1969, No. 382; EM 1 (1977) 867�873 (R. W. Brednich); Bring�us 1989; Hansen 2002, 66�69; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 436.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 151; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 237; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1953; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 408; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. J1041.2, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J1041.2; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 75, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Geldof 1979, 185f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 165, Moser-Rath 1984, 286, Tomkowiak 1993, 265; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 867; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 101f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 15, MNK VI, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 367; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 127; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 263f., Pani-Surep 1964, No. 116, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 196; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4640; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 121, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 336; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Lebanese, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 328, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: cf. Randolph 1955, 146ff., 221f., Baker 1986, No. 93; Spanish-American: Childers 1948, No. J1041.2; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1341; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Dorson 1972, 431f., Klipple 1992, 382f.; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 212f., 236.","(Asinus vulgi.) A miller and his son travel with one donkey (horse). First the son rides and is rebuked by a passer-by for letting his father walk. Then the father rides and is criticized because he makes his son walk. When both ride or both walk, they are still blamed [J1041.2]. As a lesson, the father shows the son that it is difficult (impossible) to please everyone [J1041]. In some variants, at the end the father and son carry the donkey (horse) between them and throw it into the water, or kill it.","Exemplum with a rich literary tradition; documented in the early 13th century, e.g. in Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 752). A special form with elements from Type 1242A has developed in North America.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1216*,The Lost Prescription (previously Prescription washed off by Rain),,Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Walloon: Laport 1932; Hungarian: MNK VI; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978.,It was written in chalk on door and washed off by rain.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1218,Numskull Sits on Eggs to Finish the Hatching,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 1; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 148; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 433; BP I, 316�319; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 115f., 405, 464, 483; EM 3 (1981) 1162�1169 (H.-J. Uther); cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1228.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 323; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1677; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1218, 1677; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1218, 1677; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1677; Norwegian: Mauland 1928, No. 7, Prinsessene 1967, No. 32; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Blad� 1886 III, 123ff., Meyrac 1890, 434ff., Hoffmann 1973, J1902.1, Coulomb/Castell 1986, 51ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 648, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wossidlo 1910, 208ff., Hen�en 1932, 34ff., Zender 1935, No. 143, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 4, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1218, 1677, De Simone 1994, No. 75a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3683; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 8, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1677; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1218, 1677, cf. No. 1677A; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1218, 1677, cf. No. 1218*; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1218, cf. No. 1218**; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 140, cf. Haboucha 1992, Nos. **1218A, 1677; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 82; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1677; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 350ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Mexican: Robe 1973; English-Canadian: Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 20; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 328ff.; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 22; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1677.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A stupid son (a foolish husband) stays alone at home. Among other things, he is responsible for a brooding hen (goose), but bungles the task: The bird is disturbed and runs away (the numskull kills it). Because he is afraid of his mother (wife), he sits on the eggs himself to finish the hatching (sometimes covers himself with honey or tar and feathers before sitting on the eggs) [J1902.1]. Cf. Types 1319, 1408, 1681B, 1685. (2) A rogue undertakes the strenuous job of hatching eggs for which he is to be well paid. When the employer (e.g. lady of the manor) asks for the results, he burns down the barn with the ostensibly hatched chickens and pretends that they all have died. (3) A rogue induces someone to sit on eggs in order to put him in a humiliating position [K1253]. (Previously Type 1677.)",Documented in the 16th century. Version (1) as part of �The Foolish Bridegroom� (Type 1685) or �The Man who Does his Wife�s Work� (Type 1408) in combination with various other episodes.,"1387, 1408C, 1681, 1681B, 1685, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1221A*,The Fish (Cake) too Large for the Pan,,"Walloon: Laport 1932; Hungarian: MNK VI; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1221C*; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 62.",(Including the previous Type 1221B*.) Fools (numskulls) throw away a fish (cake) because it is too large for the pan. Or they shorten a ladder because it is too long to carry between trees.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1225,The Man Without a Head (previously The Man Without a Head in the Bear's Den),"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 12; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 374; Schwarzbaum 1968, 473; EM 9 (1999) 181�183 (M. Marinescu).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 40, 41; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 103, Christensen 1939, No. 19; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 204.1; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 40, Meyer 1922, 43f., Waltinger 1927, 176ff., Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 39; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 54f.; Serbian: Filipovi 1949, 261, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 197; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 45; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 274, Eschker 1972, No. 68, Popvasileva 1983, No. 75, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 243, 359; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3836, cf. Nos. 3837, 3838; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331 II 3g (var. f); Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Chechen-Ingush: Dirr 1920, No. 84; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 15; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 450, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2381; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 450, El-Shamy 2004.","A rogue's (numskull's) head is cut off by accident (bitten off by a bear, wolf, or crocodile while hunting, torn off in a mill, smashed off by a rock, caught in tree branches). His companions find the corpse without a head and debate: did he ever have a head [J2381]. They remember only his beard. His wife knows that she once knitted a cap for him (that the barber often came to shave him), and he therefore must have had a head.","This anecdote seems to have been carried from the Orient to Europe in the late Middle Ages. Since the middle of the 16th century, it has often appeared in literary sources.","1241, 1287."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1225A,The Man Without a Head (previously The Man Without a Head in the Bear's Den),"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 110; EM 8 (1996) 567�569 (J. van der Kooi).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: RTP 2 (1887) 107ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 149; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Rosenow 1924, 100ff., Zender 1935, No. 103, Moser-Rath 1984, 173; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 5 (1908) 338f.; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 51; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 8, Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3785, 3798; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1210***, 1225A; Greek: Ranke 1972, No. 36, Orso 1979, 73f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; French-Canadian: Legman 1968f. II, 919; Moroccan: Mouli�ras/D�jeux 1987, 186 not. 1.","How did the Cow Get on the Pole This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A student (often the son of a farmer) comes home from the university for a visit. Lying in bed, he wonders how cow-dung could get on the roof. His father informs him that the beam was already dirty when it was installed. Cf. Type 1832B*. (2) (On advice of a rascal) a fool (fools) hide(s) a purse on top of a pole (in a nest on a high tree).The rascal substitutes dry cow-dung for the money. The fool is interested only in how the cow could have climbed the pole [J2382].","Early forms of version (1) first appear in the middle of the 14th century, version (2) is documented in Turkish manuscripts earlier than the 19th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1227,Catching the Squirrel (previously One Woman to Catch the Squirrel; Other to Get the Cooking Pot),EM 3 (1981) 1124f. (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 43�46; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 241; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1227, cf. No. *1893A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 41/3, III, No. 92/2, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Wepsian, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 74; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 165; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 15; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1227*; Greek: Megas 1956f. I, 218ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1974, No. 123.","Two numskulls (men or women) plan to catch a squirrel. One pursues it while the other runs back home to get a pan (a pot).The first falls from a tree (and is killed). The face of the first is covered with blood from the fall and the second thinks that his companion has eaten the raw squirrel and choked on it. Full of anger, he breaks the pot (on his head) [J2661.3].",Documented in the late 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1228,Firing a Gun,EM: Waffen (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 5, 93�95; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 233; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1228, 1228A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 692, Hen�en 1935, No. 225, Peuckert 1959, No. 189; Hungarian: MNK VI, Nos. 1228A, 1228I*; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 32; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 305, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1228A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 74; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.",(Including the previous Type 1228A.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A fool looks down the barrel as a gun is fired [J2131.4.1]. Cf. Type 1157. (2) Two fools mistake a gun for a flute. They decide that one will blow it while the other will press the 'keys'. The gun goes off and shoots off the head of the 'flutist' [J1772.10]. Cf. Type 1157. (3) Fools fire a wooden gun which explodes and kills several of them. They rejoice that the enemy has suffered an even greater loss. (Previously Type 1228A.),NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1229,If the Wolf's Tail Breaks,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 48.","Latvian: Medne 1940, No. *169, Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 10; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 169H*; German: Bl�tter f�r Pommersche Volkskunde 3 (1895) 11, Cammann 1967, No. 64; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 178; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 138; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 427f.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 74; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 143; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 51; Spanish-American: TFSP 9 (1931) 158, 10 (1932) 37f.; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 124, Dorson 1967, No. 209.","(Including the previous Type 169H*.) Trickster and companion go wolf (bear) hunting. One slips into the wolf's den. When the wolf returns, the man outside catches him by the tail. The wolf scratches the earth so that dust gets into the companion's eyes. 'What a lot of dust.' ' 'If the wolf's tail breaks, you will see quite another kind of dust!' [X1133.3.2]. In some variants, the trickster in the den asks, 'Why is it so dark in here' ' 'If the tail breaks, you will know.' Cf. Types 1875, 1896.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1229*,Shoveling Nuts with a Pitchfork,,"Scottish: cf. Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 59; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 8, Delarue 1947, No. 16, Perbosc 1954, No. 43; German: B�nker 1906, No. 12, Hen�en 1959, No. 59, Thudt/Richter 1971, 50ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1965, Nos. 209, 263; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 28; Italian: Schneller 1867, No. 56, Calvino 1956, No. 105; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1229A; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1921, 408f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 263; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 211, 212; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 95ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 168ff., 494f., Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3756, 3757; Bulgarian: BFP.",Numskulls try to shovel nuts with a pitchfork. A stranger shows them how to do this work more easily with a shovel (a basket). (He gets a large reward.) Cf. Type 1178.,NA,"1210, 1244, 1245, 1286, 1384, and 1450."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1230*,The Pilgrimage Vow,"Schmidt 1963, 355�361; EM: Wallfahrt (in prep.).","Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Anthropophyteia 3 (1906) 73, Hen�en 1955, No. 465, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/1185; Austrian: ZfVk. 16 (1906) 294; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Greek: Argenti/Rose 1949 II, 627g.","A woman on a pilgrimage accidentally disarranges her skirt (and shirt), exposing her naked buttocks. Her husband does not say anything to her about this because he thinks this is part of her pilgrimage vow.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1230**,Rebuke for Going with Naked Head,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 79; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2479, 3865.","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 66; German: Stiefel 1898a, No. 79.","A woman, having been criticized for walking in the street with her head uncovered, covers it with her skirt and thus exposes her buttocks [J2521.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1231,"The Attack on the Hare (Crayfish, Toad, Frog)","Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 142; BP II, 555�560; Pecher 2003; EM: Sieben Schwaben (forthcoming).","Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 82; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 355; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 23; Dutch: Teenstra 1843, 34ff., Kooi 1985f, 165, 167, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 98; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. X, No. 2S/1798; Tomkowiak 1993, 266, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 119, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 2; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 161; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 345; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 136ff.",Seven (nine) men plan to attack the fierce animal. One of them screams from fear and the animal runs away [J2612]. Cf. Type 103.,Documented in the middle of the16th century; known throughout central Europe.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1238,The Roof in Good and Bad Weather,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 599.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 152; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 392; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 429�438, 445, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Dietz 1951, No. 245; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3815; Ukrainian: SUS; US-American: Randolph 1955, 114ff., 209; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 48ff.","A man does not build a roof on his house (does not repair it): He does not need a roof when the weather is fair; and he cannot put one on in the rain [J2171.2.1]. Cf. Types 43, 81.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1240,Cutting off the Branch (previously Man Sitting on Branch of Tree Cuts it off),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 201 No. 47; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 49; EM 1 (1977) 912�916 (H. Lixfeld); Marzolph 1992 I, 169.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 24; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Orain 1904, 204ff., Millien/Delarue 1953, No. 24, Joisten 1971 II, No. 165.1; Basque: Webster 1877, 67ff.; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 469, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 463, Peuckert 1959, No. 190, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, No. 3; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 144; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 22, Uffer 1955, 40ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 75g; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 418f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff., No. 135B; Slovene: Zupanc 1944b, 90ff.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 363; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 72; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 27; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3846; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1240, *1313D*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1240A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 139, Jason 1965; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhik: Levin 2000, 10 not. 38; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 29; Iranian: Hadank 1926, No. 19; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 61ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1240A.) A fool sitting on a branch of a tree cuts it off [J2133.4]. In a Greek version, he climbs with difficulty onto a dead branch of a tree, which breaks off. (Previously Type 1240A.)","Traditional introductory episode to the anecdote of the man who thinks he is dead (cf. Type 1313A). Originally from the Indic-Arabic area, this widespread combination has a rich literary tradition. Popular as a proverbial phrase.","1313, 1313A, 1539, and 1675."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1241,The Tree Is to Be Pulled Down,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 12; EM 1 (1977) 1389�1391 (H. Lixfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 3, 31; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 234(4), 235; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1225, 1241, 1246; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 102, Christensen 1939, Nos. 7, 19; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 204.1; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; German: Zender 1935, No. 107, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 91, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 154; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 200, 202, 203; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 50; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3854; Bulgarian: BFP, No.*1241B*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Indian: cf. L�ders 1921, No. 66; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, No. 43.","Fools (numskulls) pity a tree (usually a willow) that stands near a pond and hangs its branches down as if it wants to drink. They pull it down in order to give it water [J1973]. One man sticks his head in the branches [J2131.5.3] while the others pull on his legs. In some variants, they tear his head off, in others, they all fall down.","Documented in the Indian Pli-Jtaka (nos. 44, 46, cf. No. 45).","1225, 1246, and 1250."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1241A,Pulling Out the Tree (Felling the Tree),"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 374.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1242*; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 12 No. 3; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 84; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1242*; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 362, Karadi 1937, No. 10; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3846, 3847; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1241A, 1242*, cf. No. *1242***; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 307, 307f., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1241A, 1242*; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1242*; US-American: Roberts 1954, No. 4.","(Including the previous Type 1242*.) Numskulls (a fool and his donkey) try to pull out a tree that stands on a cliff. The tree falls and drags them down with it. In some variants, fools fell a tree so that it will fall directly onto a wagon. The tree breaks the wagon and kills the horse (the ox). (Previously Type 1242*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1242,Loading Wood,"EM 6 (1990) 1203�1205 (� D�m�t�r); Hansen 2002, 241f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 25, 26; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 237a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 49, 50, 84�86, II, No. 549, Christensen 1939, Nos. 67, 86; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 340, Gr�ner 1964, No. 567, Neumann 1968a, No. 119; Hungarian: MNK VI; African American: Dorson 1964, 131.","A fool loads wood piece by piece into a wagon saying, 'If the horses (oxen) can pull this, they can pull one more piece' [J2213.4]. When he finally finds that they are unable to pull the load, he throws off piece after piece, reasoning, 'If they cannot pull this, they cannot pull one less.' He drives home with an empty wagon. (In some Finnish variants, the foolish person is female.)",Popular as a proverbial phrase.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1242A,Relief for the Donkey (previously Carrying Part of the Load),"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 490; Schwarzbaum 1968, 24, 314, 444; EM 4 (1984) 18�21 (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 163; Hansen 2002, 66�69.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 153, 154; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 60, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 534, 535, Christensen 1939, No. 88; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 354; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 218f.; French: S�billot 1881, 387; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1212*, Kooi 2003, No. 84; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1205, Legros 1962, 103; German: Merkens 1895 II, No. 21, Moser-Rath 1984, 65, 286f., 387, 437f., Tomkowiak 1993, 266; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 47; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 6, MNK VI; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 363; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 73, Dolenec 1972, No. 67, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 34; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3851; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1242A, 1242B; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 59, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 303; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1242B; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 163; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 36; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1242, 1242C; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 171; Australian: Scott 1985, 19f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1242**A, 1242**B; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1242A, 1242B; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1874.1; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.6.921A,C, Klipple 1992, 289.","(Including the previous Type 1242B.) Instead of placing a sack of flour (some other load) on the donkey's (ox's) back, a rider puts it on his shoulder to relieve the animal of its burden [J1874.1]. Cf. Type 1215. In some variants a man puts a load on one side of a saddle and balances it on the other side with a rock [J1874.2]. (Previously Type 1242B.)","The basic idea can be found in the ancient Greek comedy Ranae (The Frogs, 24�32) of Aristophanes (405 B.C.E).Early literary version (13th century) by the Persian-speaking alloddin Rumi, Masnavi-ye ma� navi (II, 3176). Widespread anecdote with various versions.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1243,Wood is Carried Down the Hill,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 189, 472.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 2, 3, 27, 28; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Veckenstedt 1883, No. 94.4; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 41; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1968b, 9f., Kapfhammer 1974, 179f., Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/939, Tomkowiak 1993, 266, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Sooder 1943, 251, Lachmereis 1944, 185; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 79, 81; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Aprile 1996; Hungarian: MNK VI; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 64; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 4; Jewish: Richman 1954, 367f.","Fools carry a heavy tree trunk (millstone) down a hill. On the way, they drop the trunk and it rolls the rest of the way down. When they notice that the job is much easier this way, they carry the trunk back up the hill in order to roll it down again [J2165].","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Die Lappenhauser (1552).","1245, 1248, and 1287."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1244,Trying to Stretch the Beam,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 269; EM 1 (1977) 1144�1146 (H. Lixfeld); Lox 1998, 222.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 6, 9; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 21, III, No. 15, Ranke 1966, No. 73, Kapfhammer 1974, 41; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, Nos. 133F, 137B, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 115; Serbian: Filipovi1949, 260f.; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 95ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 168ff., 494f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 65; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1244*A; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.4.1244.","Fools are given a beam (pole, footbridge, bench) which is too short. They try in different ways to stretch the beam [J1964.1]. Of course they do not succeed, but in a German variant they think they do.",NA,"1210, 1229*, 1245, and 1384."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1245,"Sunlight Carried in a Bag (Basket, Sieve) into the Windowless House","Clouston 1888, 75; Wesselski 1936a, 96f.; Hansen 2002, 424�426; EM: Sonnenlicht im Sack (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 3, 6�8, 29, 30; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 239; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1245, 1245**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1245, 1245A*; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1245, 1245A*; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. I, No. 47, Liungman 1961, Nos. 1245, 1382�1385; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1897a, No. 2, Christensen 1939, No. 74, B�dker/H�llen 1966 II, 99ff.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Rittershaus 1902, No. 98, Sveinsson 1929, Schier 1983, Nos. 50, 51; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 12 No. 4, 43; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Webster 1877, 11ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 41, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 85; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1245, 1245**; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1245A; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 90, Tomkowiak 1993, 266 nos. 1245, 1245**, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 83b, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: EM 6 (1990) 34; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 13f., 51, 55ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 408f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 3042*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 263; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 5f.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 168ff., 494, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3873, cf. Nos. 3744, 3756, 3757; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 52; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917�20) 111, Kretschmer 1917, No. 20; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1245, 1245A*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331 III 2a (var. a, d, e); Jewish: Am Urquell 3 (1892) 28f.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1245, 1245A*; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 1245, 1245A*; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 25; US-American, African American: Baughman 1966, African American: Dorson 1967, No. 204; Mexican: Robe 1973; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 172.","(Including the previous Types 1245*, 1245**, and 1245A*.) Fools collect sunlight in a sack (basket, sieve) and try to carry it into a windowless house. When this plan does not succeed, fools gradually pull down the house in order to get light [J2123]. (A stranger shows them how to make a window). In some variants, fools use a white sheepskin as a source of light (previously Type 1245*, [J1961]) or try to catch light in a mouse trap (previously Type 1245**, [J1961.1]). Similarly, fools carry out smoke in a sieve. (Previously Type 1245A*.)",NA,"1210, 1286, 1384, 1450, 1540, and 1687."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1246,Axes Thrown Away,EM 7 (1993) 96f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 31; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 235; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Schier 1974, No. 76; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 102, Christensen 1939, Nos. 14, 19; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 100; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: H�eg 1926, No. 7.","A fool lets his axe fall. The other people think that this was intentional and throw theirs into the same place [J2171.4]. Cf. Types 1694, 1825D*, 1832M*. This short episode is usually followed by a second one, in which the fools try to cut down trees in different ways: (1) By burning them down: In order to get fire, one fool beats another's head so that the latter will see sparks. Cf. Type 1344. (2) By pulling them out: One fool sticks his head in the branches, the others pull and tear his head off. Cf. Type 1241.",Mainly found in northern Europe.,"1241, 1344."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1247,The Man Sticks his Head into the Hole of the Millstone,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 2, 32, 33; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Icelandic: cf. Sveinsson 1929, No. 1247*; Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 456, 457, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 83; German: Neumann 1968b, 9f., Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/939, VII, No. 2Ho/91, Tomkowiak 1993, 266, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos.74d, 83a, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 431; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 79f.; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 72; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3820; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 156.",Fools want to roll a millstone down a hill. One of them sticks his head into the hole of the millstone in order to lead it (to see where it rolls). It rolls into a lake [J2131.5.4]. The fool's head is torn off. Cf. Type 1241.,"Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Die Lappenhauser (1552).","1225, 1243."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1248,Tree-trunks Laid Crosswise on a Sledge [J1964],"BP III, 302ff.; Tubach 1969, No. 2135; EM 1 (1977) 827f.; EM 8 (1996) 411�413 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Lox 1998, 222f.; Hansen 2002, 445�447.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 1; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 237b; Lithuanian: Veckenstedt 1883 II, No. 94.4; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 41; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 72, II, Nos. 70�72, 548, 549, Christensen 1939, No. 72; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 24f.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1244; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 85; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 261ff., 269, II, 324, Meyer 1968, No. 1244; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 104, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 178, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1248I*; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2135; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 182; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 83; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 139; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 107; Chinese: Eberhard 1941, No. 138, cf. Ting 1978, No. 1248A.",Fools want to transport a stack of wood (a long tree-trunk). They lay it crosswise on a sledge (a wagon) and cannot get out of the forest (through a gate). Only when they see a bird passing by carrying a blade of straw sideways do find the solution for their problem. Cf. Type 801.,Documented ca. 800 as part of the life of St. Arsenius.,1243.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1250,The Human Chain (previously Bringing Water from the Well),"Chauvin IV, 137f.; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 12; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 49; HDM 1 (1930�33) 341�347 (K. Heckscher); EM 2 (1979) 950�954 (H. Lixfeld); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 365.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 240; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Lagercrantz 1957ff. III, No. 83; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 7; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Seignolle 1946, Nos. 72, 86, Joisten 1971 II., Nos. 197, 198, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 53; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 23, Chevalier 1983, No. 94, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 285, 286, 288; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 442, 468, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 87; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Ranke 1966, No. 71e, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 154, Lachmereis 1944, 183f.; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 63f.; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3971*, Jech 1984, No. 46; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 182, II, No. 473; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 11f.; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 50, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 359; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3875, 4562, II, cf. No. 6133; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 351ff., 363ff., Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 171, cf. BFP, Nos. *1241B*, *1250C*; Greek: Laogr�phia 8 (1921/22) 515f., 10 (1929/33) 467f., 17 (1957/58) 264f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: cf. SUS, No. 1250*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. *1250C*; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 193; Tatar: Dirr 1920, No. 82; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 293; Georgian: Dirr 1920, No. 84.3; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, 71ff.; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 434, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 954, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1250, 1250C, Jason 1989, No. 1250B; Burmese: cf. Esche 1976, 191ff.; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. III, No. 227, Schleberger 1985, No. 35; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. II, 324; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1926, 419ff.; English-Canadian, US-American, African American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West African: Bascom 1975, Nos. 80.1, 80.2; Namibian: Schmidt 1999; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, 47, 87.","(Including the previous Type 1250B.) Fools want to measure the depth of a well (retrieve something from the water). They lay a log across its top. One man holds the log with his hands, the next climbs down and holds his feet, and so on. The uppermost man becomes tired and lets go to spit in his hands [J2133.5]. All fall into the well. In some variants, the human chain is built in order to reach the top of a tree. Cf. Types 121, 1241. In an Indian/Sri Lankan version, the human chain (a chain of monkeys) dangles from the tail of a flying elephant. (Previously Type 1250B.) Cf. Type 225A.",Elements of this type are found in India and China in the first centuries of the Christian era; documented in Europe in the early 14th century.,"1241, 1245, 1248, 1287, 1288, 1319, 1335A, and 1336."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1250A,Hampers Piled up to Measure Tower,,"French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 199; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 440, 441, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 275; German: Hauffen 1895, No. 16, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 91; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 64; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1250A, cf. No. 1250I*; Greek: Georgeakis/Pineau 1894, No. 2; Indian: Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 97; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1252; West African: Werner 1925, 125.","Fools place baskets one on top of the other in order to measure the height of a tower. The one at the bottom is removed and all fall [J2133.6.1]. In some variants numskulls want to reach a bird's nest (an animal's den) in a high tree. They climb on each other's shoulders. When the fool at the bottom falls down, all the others fall too. Cf. Type 121.",NA,"1241, 1288, and 1384."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1255,A Hole to Throw the Earth In,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 83; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 480; EM 4 (1984) 164�166 (U. Huse); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1206.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 37; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 74; French: RTP 2 (1887) 183f.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Tiel 1955, 60f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 87a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 8, II, No. 23, Moser-Rath 1984, 66, 287, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74f, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 62; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3109; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, 104; Jewish: Neuman 1954, No. J1934; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973.",Numskull(s) plan(s) to dig a hole so as to have a place to throw the soil from his excavations [J1934].,Documented in the 16th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1260,Porridge in the Ice Hole,EM 9 (1999) 38�42 (M. L�dicke).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 4, 51�54; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 234; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1260, 1260A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, R�dei 1978, No. 203; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 5; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 360f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1539C; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1260A*; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1260A*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 405f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 201, 211; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 35; Macedonian: Eschker 1986, No. 75; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 327 III 3g, 333 III 1�2; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 1260A*; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 296f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 417; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1260A*; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1260A; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1260A*; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 20; African American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 104f., 167; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1881ff. II, No. 9, Moreno 1947, No. 59, Gankin et al. 1960, 77ff.","(Including the previous Type 1260A*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) Numskulls put flour (rolled oats) into the bubbling current of an ice hole and then, one after another, jump in to taste the porridge [J1938]. They die. (2) Numskulls buy a kettle that is supposed to boil by itself. It does not work so and they throw it into the water. As the kettle sinks down it sends up bubbles. Thinking that the kettle is finally boiling, the numskulls jump into the water to retrieve it. Cf. Type 1535. (3) A woman puts flour in a river (sugar in a well) in order to make dough for bread (lemonade). She loses it all (and her husband throws her out). (Previously Type 1260A*.)","For the central element of this anecdote, fools get drowned, cf. Type 1535.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1260**,Jumping into the Sea for Fish,,"Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 63; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1260***; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.",A numskull jumps into the sea (into a lake) to catch fish.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1260A,Hare Soup,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 40; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 76; Ranke 1955a; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1200; EM 9 (1999) 38�42 (M. L�dicke).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 55�57; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, No. 65; French: Seignolle 1946, No. 80; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929, 254; German: Lang 1916, No. 2, Meyer 1922, 44f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 428, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74i, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1260AI*; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Jason 1965; Chinese: Eberhard 1941, No. 183; Korean: Eckardt 1929, No. 26.","Numskulls throw a hare (crab, locust, sparrow) into boiling water in order to make soup. The animal escapes. Later the numskulls drink the water and maintain that they have good soup. In some variants the 'soup' is made from (1) the shadow of an animal (rooster, chicken) that falls on a kettle of water, (2) a hare that runs through a puddle (gets drowned in a river) or by ducks that swim on a pond, (3) water from washing hands (washing out baskets) that were in contact with meat or fish. Cf. Type 234A*.",NA,1310.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1260B*,Numskull Strikes all Matches in Order to Try Them [J1849,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 133; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1260B*, cf. No. *1260C*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen 1939, Nos. 40, 60; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 167; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Kruse 1953, 55, Tomkowiak 1993, 266; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3082; Chinese: Ting 1978.",3]. A farmhand is sent to buy the best matches. To make sure that the matches will burn he lights them all to try them out.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1262,The Effectiveness of Fire (previously Roasting the Meat),"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 434; Harkort 1956; EM 4 (1984) 1083�1087 (U. Huse); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 97.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 48; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 18; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 13; French: Perbosc 1954, No. 46; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 17; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Kuhn/Schwartz 1848, No. 309; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 40; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 168f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3305, cf. No. 4311; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1592C; Greek: Argenti/Rose 1949 I, 48, Loukatos 1957, 308; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 1262A*; Turkish: Finger 1939, 198, Walker/Uysal 1966, 239ff.; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1953 II, Nos. 107, 119, Jason 1988a, No. 1262*A, Haboucha 1992, No. 1262*A; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 40, Benzel 1963, 124ff.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 62; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 153ff.; Tadzhik: Dechoti 1958, 12f.; Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 377, El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 49; Persian Gulf, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, No. 1262*A; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 211ff.; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 65; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 22 (1949) 63f., Rael 1957 II, No. 438; West Indies: Parsons 1933ff. II, 175; North African: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 377, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Scelles-Millie 1970, 103ff., El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Courlander/Leslau 1950, 7ff.; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 25, El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.6.921B, Klipple 1992, 391f.","The elaborate form of this type consists of several events: A rich man (ruler) promises a reward to anyone who can survive a cold night on the roof of the palace naked. A poor (foreign) man agrees to this proposal and survives the frosty night. In the morning the ruler refuses to give the poor man the reward, claiming that he had used a distant fire (the moonlight) to warm himself. On the advice of a wise man, the poor man invites the ruler to a meal. He puts the pot so far away from the fire that the food cannot cook. When his guests demand an explanation, he explains that the pot will be heated as he himself was warmed by the distant fire. The ruler pays the reward [J1191.7]. Cf. Type 1804B. This tale also exists in a short form: A numskull pretends to roast (believes he is roasting) meat: The fire burns on one shore of a lake, the meat is on the other [J1945]. Cf. Type 65*.",The elaborate version originates from the Arabic-African area and was documented in the late 18th century. The short version is mainly found in Europe.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1262*,Spitting into the Porridge (previously The Fool Spits into the Hot Porridge),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 134; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 278; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 899, Skattegraveren 10 (1887) 177f., Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 2, 3; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 494, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Bienenkorb (1768) No. 138 (EM archive), Sobel 1958, No. 39, Moser-Rath 1984, 289; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971.","In order to find out whether it is hot, a smith spits on a horseshoe. A fool who observed him spits into the porridge (soup) to test its temperature [J2421].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1263,Porridge Eaten in Different Rooms,EM 9 (1999) 38�42 (M. L�dicke).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 7, 9, 59; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Sudanese: Klipple 1992.","Fools sit together in a room and eat porridge. Every time they want a spoonful of milk (cream, honey) to eat with their porridge, they go into the room (cellar) where the milk is. A stranger tells them to put a jug of milk on the table [J2167].",NA,"1245, 1384, and 1450."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1264*,The Boiling of the Porridge Pot,,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 101; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 83, 122f., 136f., 291f., B II, 220, 347f.; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 362; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1264.","Mistaking the sound of boiling, a woman who is cooking porridge thinks the pot is complaining to her (a fool thinks the porridge is calling him) [J1875.2]. Cf. Types 1318, 1322A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1265*,Two for the Price of One,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 116�119; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 253; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1265*I; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1265A*.","A fool sells two fox skins rolled together for the price of one [J2083.2]. In some variants a female knife-dealer tries to 'cheat' her famous guest by selling a knife at half price. Cf. Types 1382, 1385.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1266*,A Third for One-fourth,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 637.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 120; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3688; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, Nos. *1266B*�*1266D*.","A fool sells a third of a cask of grain for the price of a fourth [J2083.1]. In some variants buyers boast of their 'cleverness': They payed a higher price than the seller asked. Cf. Types 1382, 1385.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1268*,Electing a Mayor (previously Electing a Mayor: Inspection from Rear),"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 52; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 29; EM 2 (1979) 1036�1040 (H.-J. Uther).","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: M�lusine 2 (1884/85) 422, Joisten 1971 II, No. 194, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 55, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 58; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1675A; German: Meier 1852, No. 9, Rosenow 1924, 48, Gr�ner 1964, No. 576, Cammann 1980, 117; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 122; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1268*, cf. No. 1268*I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 136; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1675**; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, No. 153; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 12; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1675*; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1675*.","(Including the previous Type 1675*.) This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: Numskulls want to elect a mayor. (1) The applicant who is able to make a short rhyme will be elected. All fail except the pigherd. (2) All candidates sit around a table and lay their beards on it. A louse is put into the middle. The man into whose beard the louse crawls will be elected. (3) The wives of the candidates have to undress and to put their heads into a haystack. Whoever is able to recognize his wife from her backside will become mayor. Various signals, either prearranged or accidental, affect the outcome. (In recent variants the parts are changed: The women have to recognize their husbands by their naked backsides.) (4) The winner of a footrace will become mayor. A calf crosses the finish line first, winning the race. (Previously Type 1675*.)",Versions 1 and 2 are documented in the 16th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1270,The Drying of the Candle,EM 7 (1993) 1186f. (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 35; English: Field 1913, 156f., Briggs 1970f. A II, 362; Spanish: RE 5 (1965) 455f., Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 1270*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Indian: Jason 1989; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 79; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A numskull lays wet (recently manufactured) candles on (in) the stove to dry. They melt [J2122]. In a Japanese version, numskulls mistake a candle for food and try to cook it. It melts.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1271A*,Warming the Stove with Wool [J1873,,"Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 1271A, 1271B, 1272, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1271B*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; German: Gepfl�ckte Fincken (1667) 106f. No. 116, Fasciculus facetiarum (1670) 55 No. 13 (EM archive).","3]. (Including the previous Type 1271B*.) An (old) foolish woman (maid) tries to warm her house with wool, which she burns in a stove. In some variants, the woman tries to warm the stove by putting a burning candle into it. In a Livonian version, yarn is tied around the stove so that the heat will not escape [J1942]. (Previously Type 1271B*.)",Documented in the late 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1271C*,Cloak Given to Stone,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 71.","Norwegian: Asbj�rnsen/Moe 1866, No. 59, Hodne, No. 1651; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Polish: Chodzko 1864, p. 352; Jewish: Jason 1975; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 503H; African American: Dorson 1964, 250ff.","A fool gives a cloak to a stone in order to keep it warm [J1873.2]. In some variants, a trembling tree is covered with cloth, a stump is covered with a cap, or stone Buddhas are protected by straw hats from snow and rain. (The good deed is rewarded.)",NA,1291B.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1272*,Drying Snow on the Stove,"Kooi 1986, 99�130.","Livonian: Loorits 1926, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 118f., Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 530, 931; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1319, 1434; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Greek: Laogr�phia 4 (1913/14) 479; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1272; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1272*A.","A numskull dries snow on a stove (water in the sun) [J2121]. In a Mexican version, a numskull carries ice cream in his pocket, where it melts. He thinks that he has been cheated.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1273A*,Bailing Out the Stream (previously Numskull Bailes Out the Stream),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, 236; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 267; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 80; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 224.","A numskull comes to a stream and sits down to wait for the stream to run down so his feet will not get wet. Finally he tries to baile out the stream with a hazelnut shell, and keeps working for months [J1967]. In a Cambodian version, a married couple wants to baile out the sea in order to get the treasures of sunken ships. Fish deliver gold and silver to the couple to make them stop bailing.","An early version is documented at the end of the 16th century by Lodovico Guicciardini, L�hore di ricreatione (I,48d).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1275,Sledges Turned,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 189, 472f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 382 not. 11; EM 11,2 (2004) 662�665 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 4, 5, 121; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 37; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, No. 12; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1275I*; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 10f., Eschker 1986, No. 1; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","Numskulls turn their sledges (wagons, shoes) in the direction of their journey. At night a joker turns the sledges around [J2333]. The numskulls do not notice the trick and drive (go) back home. They do not recognize their own town.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1275*,Travelers Lose Their Way (previously Travelers Lose Way and Get Turned Around),"EM 11,2 (2004) 662�665 (P.-L Rausmaa).","Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, No. 209; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: cf. Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 52; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 215; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 76; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4398; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1275**; Jewish: Jason 1975.",Numskull(s) lose(s) their (his) way and get(s) turned around. They find themselves back home. (They do not recognize themselves and ask their wives where their husbands are.) Cf. Type 1284.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1276,Rowing without Going Forward,"EM 11,2 (2004) 662�665 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 122�125; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 249; Lithuanian: cf. Kerbelyt 1978, No. 127; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 41.4; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1276, cf. p. 237ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 89, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 510, 511; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 360, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 64; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 47; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3819; Russian: SUS; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 54, 58; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 171; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. J2164.1.","Two women (men) row in opposite directions. They make no progress at all. (To solve the problem, they take out the plug at the bottom of the boat, so that one is obliged to baile out the water.) In some variants numskulls row a boat which is tied up [J2164.1, J2164.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1276*,Prayer for a Change of Wind,"EM 11,2 (2004) 662�665 (P.-L Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 126; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 6f.; German: Neumann 1968a, No. 45, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming).",An old woman walking (rowing) against the wind prays for it to change. The wind changes and she must walk against it on her return.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1278,Marking the Place on the Boat,"Basset 1924ff. I, 277 No. 21; Boggs 1950, 43�47; Schwarzbaum 1968, 107, 462; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 981; EM 9 (1999) 342�345 (M. Fenske).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 49, 123; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 249, 250; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1278, 1278*, *1278**, *1278***; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 65, 66, Christensen 1939, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1278, 1278*; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1278, 1278*, Briggs 1970f. A II, 177f., 348; French: M�lusine 3 (1886/87) 65ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Haan 1979, 119f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 67, 88; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 65f., Tomkowiak 1993, 267, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74e, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 94; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3825, 3826; Syrian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 214ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 101; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1278A, 1278B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 87, III, 326; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1278, 1278A; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 42; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1278*.","(Including the previous Type 1278*.) An object falls into the sea from a boat. Numskull(s) mark(s) the place on the boat-rail (place a sign on the water) to indicate where it fell [J1922.1]. In some variants, numskull(s) mark a good fishing spot by a sign on the bottom of their boat, seek the ears of grain in the direction of the cloud that marks where they had sowed the grain [J1922.2.1], or hide money in the ground, taking the moon (a cloud) overhead as a mark. (Previously Type 1278*.)","The origins of the anecdote can be found in Buddhist folklore. In China it was documented in the 3rd century B.C.E, in the Arabic area in the 11th century. The tale has been popular in Europe since the late 16th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1281,Getting Rid of the Unknown Animal,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 167; BP II, 69�76, III, 286�288; Schwarzbaum 1968, 190, 443; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 103; EM 7 (1993) 1121�1126 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 1, 70, VI, No. 307; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 12, Christensen 1939, No. 82; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 95; German: Uther 1990a, No. 30, Tomkowiak 1993, 267, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 70, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 80, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 194f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 408f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 41; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 133D; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 104ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, No. 17; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3757, 3874; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917) 111; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Pomeranceva 1958, No. 23; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 45 (3), 274 IV 3, 329 V; Jewish: Jason 1965; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, Nos. 10, 32; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 650.","People who have never seen a cat (owl) buy one to free them from a plague of mice. The cat eats many mice and the people are afraid that it might eat them, too. So they decide to kill the cat but cannot catch it. They finally set the house on fire [J2101]. Cf. Types 1282, 1651.","The majority of texts combines motifs of types 1281 and 1651. Documented in the 16th century, e.g. in Frantova pr�va (No. 7).","1384, 1650, and 1651."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1281A,Getting Rid of the Man-eating Calf,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 42; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 68f.; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 144; BP II, 72 not. 1, III, 287; EM 7 (1993) 859�861 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 71�73, VI, No. 394; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 244; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 273; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 296ff.; Swedish: Wigstr�m 1880, 26f., Liungman 1961, No. 1281*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1739; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 166, Christensen 1941, No. 7; Icelandic: Rittershaus 1902, No. 103; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 34; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 51; English: Wehse 1979, No. 467; French: Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 18, Joisten 1971 II, No. 160; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 161; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 86; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 113, Neumann 1968b, 129f., Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: SAVk. 5 (1901) 126f.; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 8, II, No. 387; Slovene: Vede 2 (1849) 172f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3677, 4495; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Ranke 1972, No. 37; Ukrainian: SUS; US-American: JAFL 53 (1940) 145�147, WF (1947) 27, Dodge 1987, 37f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1964, 87f.","A man who likes the shoes on the feet of a man hanging from the gallows, cuts off the swollen feet in order to carry off the shoes. In the room where he sleeps that night there is a newborn calf. The next morning the man takes the shoes but leaves the feet (he leaves the feet in the shoes). The people in the house think that the calf has eaten the man all but the feet. They kill the calf (burn the house to destroy the calf) [J1815]. In some variants, a cat (tom cat) is supposed to be a man-eater. Cf. Type 1281.",Documented in the 16th century. Often introduced by Type 1739.,1739.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1282,House Burned Down to Rid it of Insects,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 137; BP III, 286�288; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 37; Tubach 1969, No. 2697; Hand/Casetta et al. 1981 I, No. 17819; Hansen 2002, 223�225.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 36, 38; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: ULMA, No. 111: 206; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 82; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 354f.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 95; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1214A; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 49, Moser-Rath 1984, 286, Tomkowiak 1993, 267 No. 1282*, Brednich 1993, No. 91, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 70, III, No. 174; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 52, 196; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 337, 338, Karadi 1959, No. 176; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4686; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1282A*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 327 III 3a; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 410 No. 267; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 81ff.","(Including the previous Type 1282*.) Fools burn down a house (tree) to rid it of insects (rats, crows, owl) [J2102.4]. In some variants, a garden (meadow) is paved to keep out moles. (Previously Type 1282*.)",Documented in the early 16th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1284,Person Does Not Know Himself,"Wesselski 1908, No. 85; Wesselski 1909, No. 152; Wesselski 1911 I, Nos. 43, 278, 298; BP I, 341; Tubach 1969, No. 5000; Marzolph 1987a, No. 56; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1023; EM 7 (1993) 20f.; Hansen 2002, 327�329; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 503.","Livonian: Set�l�/Kyr�l� 1953, No. 60; Norwegian: Mauland 1928, No. 25; Danish: Skattegraveren 12 (1889) 161ff., Christensen 1939, No. 83; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 52; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 68f., Wehse 1979, Nos. 457, 458; French: RTP 2 (1887) 297; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 24, Camarena Laucirica 1991, Nos. 162, 241; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 327, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 54; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 138, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 65, Moser-Rath 1984, 173, 289, Berger 2001; Italian: cf. Schneller 1867, No. 3, Rossi 1987, Nos. 11, 28, 61; Sardinian: Mango 1890, No. 19; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 1531A; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 42; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 383, 578; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 198, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 68, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 198; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3843, 3843A; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1284, *1531*, cf. No. *1275**; Greek: Megas 1956f. I, No. 37, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1284, 1531A, Jason 1975, 1988a, No. 1531A; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 362; Kurdish: Hadank 1932, No. 13, Dalila et al. 1989, No. 288; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 60; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1531A; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 20; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 30, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1531A; Jordanian: Jahn 1970, No. 49; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1284, 1531A; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 76; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1313, 1326, 1531, 1531A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 1531A; Australian: Wannan 1976, 189f.; US-American: Randolph 1955, 49ff., Randolph 1965, No. 321; African American: Dance 1978, No. 178; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1284, 1531A; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 37, El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1531A.) While a foolish man (farmer, numskulls) sleeps, someone modifies his appearance (puts a cap on his head, cuts his beard or hair off, dresses him in new clothes, takes away a significant object, etc.). When the fool wakes up, he does not know himself or mistakes himself for someone else [J2012]. Cf. Type 1383.",Documented in the 3th�5th century in the Philogelos (No. 56).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1284*,Forcing the Hen to brood her chickens,,"Estonian: cf. Loorits 1959, No. 143; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: MNK VI; Greek: Laogr�phia 4 (1913/14) 486.",A foolish woman forces a hen to keep her chicks underneath her so that it is not possible for the hawk to steal them. Cf. Type 1204**.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1284A,White Man Made to Believe he is Black [K2013,EM 7 (1993) 24.,"Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: RTP 2 (1887) 213, 297, Soupault 1963, No. 58, Joisten 1971 II, No. 172; Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 7, Tinneveld 1976, No. 112, Swanenberg 1986, 257; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 162, Neumann 1968a, No. 61; Hungarian: MNK VI; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 112; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 53; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 64; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 190; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973.","1]. A white man who wants to stay in an inn overnight has to share his bed with a black man. While the white guest is sleeping, the host blackens his face. When the white man gets up in the morning and sees his dark face in a mirror, he thinks that the host has awakened the black man instead of him.","This anecdote, although structurally comparable to Type 1284, is treated as a different type because of its formation during the 19th/20th century. It is found in western Europe and North America.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1284B,Man Needs Patch on Pants to Recognize Himself,,"Spanish: Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1531B; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. 1531B; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 103f.","A man (fool) recognizes himself by some peculiar sign (patch on his trousers, ribbon around his hand or foot, flask on his belt, etc). Without this sign, he cannot tell himself from other people (he becomes confused when he meets someone else with the same sign) [J2012.5]. (Previously Type 1531B.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1284C,"'You, or your Brother' A fool meets two people and asks one of them, 'Are you you or your brother' [J2234]","Clouston 1888, 12; Marzolph 1987a, No. 29; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 148, 628, 878.","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 138�140, Christensen 1939, No. 87; Scottish, English: Baughman 1966, No. J2234; German: Zincgref, Facetiae pennalium (1618) 3b, cf. Lehmann, Exilium melancholiae (1643), Nos. 172�174 (EM archive), cf. Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 229; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4552.","In other versions the fool asks which is the man and which is the woman. Or he meets a man and asks him, 'Was it you who died recently, or your brother'",Documented in the 3th�5th century in the Philogelos (No. 29).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1285,Pulling on the Shirt,EM 6 (1990) 806�808 (J. van der Kooi).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 8, 37, VI, No. 59; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1285, cf. Nos. 1382�1385; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1897a, No. 2; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 1384; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 302, 502; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 48, Meyer 1925b, 52ff., Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 7f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","A foolish woman has sew a shirt for her husband (son) without a hole for the head. She tries to beat the shirt over the man's head, or she cuts his head off so that the shirt can be put on him [J2161.2]. (A stranger shows her how to make a hole by using scissors.)","Mainly documented in northern Europe, documented in the 19th century.","1245, 1286, 1382, 1384, and 1540."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1286,Jumping into the Breeches,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 82; EM: Sprung in die Hose (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 7, VI, No. 94; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 143; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. I, No. 47, Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 8, Seignolle 1946, No. 70, Cadic 1955, 160ff., Soupault 1963, No. 42; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 84; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 48, Meyer 1925b, 52ff., Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovene: Zupanc 1944b, 11ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 212; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3744; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1286, *1286A*; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 52; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331 III 2d (var. d); Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1286A; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XII, 227ff., XIII, 115ff., XIV, 59ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 204; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 78; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1450.","A fool does not know how to pull on his breeches. He jumps down from a high place (e.g. rafters, tree) while his wife (another fool) keeps the breeches open (the breeches are hung up from hooks) [J2162]. (A stranger explains how to pull on the breeches and usually is rewarded.) In some variants, a child wears trousers with one leg (baby is wrapped in one piece of cloth). Therefore it cannot stand and seems to be crippled.",NA,"1210, 1245, 1384, 1450, and also 1211, 1229*, 1244, 1285, 1288, 1385, 1386, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1287,Numskulls Unable to Count their own Number,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 24; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 112; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 261; BP III, 149; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; Tekinay 1980, 184; Ajrapetjan 1999; EM: Z�hlen: Sich nicht z. k�nnen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 3, 139; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 236; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 105, Christensen 1939, No. 8; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 353; French: F�lice 1954, No. 22, Joisten 1971 II, No. 203; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 90; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 416, Neumann 1968b, No. 17, Berger 2001; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 153; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 153; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 152; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 65; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 341; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 9f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 45; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3822; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Iraqi: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J2021; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1074, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 1929, No. 111; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American, African American: Baughman 1966.",Numskulls go swimming and then want to find out if everyone is back. The fools cannot get the right result because whoever counts forgets to count himself. They conclude that one of them is drowned [J2031]. A stranger who finds the numskulls in distress tells them to stick their noses in the sand (loam) and to count the holes [J2031.1]. So they confirm that everyone is still alive.,NA,"1250, 1290, and also 1200, 1201, 1225, and 1288."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1288,Numskulls Cannot Find their Own Legs,"BP III, 149f.; Klapper 1925; EM 2 (1979) 64�67 (H. Lixfeld); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 508.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 2, 137, 138, 155; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1288, 1288*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1288*; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 105, 126, 127, Christensen 1939, Nos. 9, 83; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 2, Thibault 1960, No. 15, Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 198, 200; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 91; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 272f.; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 91, Tomkowiak 1993, 267, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 17f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3823, 3832, 4400, cf. Nos. 3728, 3854, II, cf. No. 5257; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 306f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1288, 1288*; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1288, 1288*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331 III 2b (var. d, e); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1288*; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 432, El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Libyan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1288*.) Numskulls (wearing trousers or stockings of the same color, being drunk) fall down in a crowd (sit side by side swinging their legs). When they want to stand up they cannot find their own legs. A stranger helps the numskulls by whipping (striking) their legs [J2021]. In some variants, a fool's boots are stolen while he is drunk. He does not recognize his feet without boots. (Previously Type 1288*.) Cf. Type 1284.",Documented in the 15th century.,"1200, 1210, 1245, 1247, 1250, 1286, 1287, 1319, 1326, and 1384."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1288**,The Long Nose,,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 324; Dutch: Geldof 1979, 166; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1288Z*; US-American: Dodge 1987, 28f.",A man runs in the dark holding his arms stretched out in front of him. He hits his nose on a ladder (the edge of an open door). He is surprised that his nose seems to be longer than his arms.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1288A,Numskull Cannot Find the Donkey he Is Sitting On,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 70; Wesselski 1911 I, Nos. 261, 290; BP III, 149�151; Marzolph 1992 I, 221f., II, No. 977; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 503.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 35; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: M�lusine 3 (1886/87) 232, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 35; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 96; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 40; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Lang 1916, No. 9, Moser-Rath 1984, 74, 286f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 171; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 277f., Eschker 1972, No. 67; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3022; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 108, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1288B; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Hadank 1932, No. 10; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 84f., El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Swynnerton 1908, No. 3; Chinese: Ting 1978; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 46, El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A numskull counting his donkeys (horses, camels) forgets to count the one he is sitting on. When he dismounts he always has one donkey more than when he sits on one of the animals [J2022]. (He decides to walk rather than to lose one donkey.) Cf. Type 1287.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1288B,The Stolen Donkey,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 495; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 649.","Turkish: Leach 1964, 62; Afghan: Lebedev 1958, 136; Iranian: Christensen 1923, 57.",A fool thanks God that he was not sitting on the donkey when it was stolen [J2561].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1289,Each Wants to Sleep in the Middle,EM: Schlafen in der Mitte (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 155, 156; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 564, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1289I*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963b, No. 45; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 59, 67; South African: Smith/Dale 1920 II, No. 15.",Each of three (two) numskulls wants to sleep in the middle [J2213.1]. They do not know how to manage this and finally lie down head to head (feet to feet).,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1290,Swimming in the Flax-field,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 112; BP III, 205f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 133; Ga�par�kov� 1974; EM: Schwimmen im Flachsfeld (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 3, 139; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 236; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; French: M�lusine 2 (1884/85) 442ff., 465ff., Carnoy 1885, No. 14; Walloon: Legros 1962, 103f.; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 416, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 395; Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 149, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 2, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 153; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: cf. Massignon 1963, No. 65; Hungarian: MNK VI, Nos. 1290, 1319II*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 341; Slovene: Kuret 1854, 9f.; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 84; epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 358; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian: SUS; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1926, 419ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","Numskulls (a foolish man or woman) mistake a waving blue field of flax for the sea (a lake, river). They take off their clothes and jump in for a swim [J1821].","Documented in the 8th century in Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum (I,20).",1287.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1290B*,Sleeping on a Feather,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 123; cf. Marzolph 1987a, No. 21; EM: Schlaf auf der Feder (forthcoming).","Lithuanian: Jurkschat 1898, No. 30; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Debus 1951, 303ff., Neumann 1968a, No. 113, Moser-Rath 1984, 174; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3871, cf. No. 3872; Polish: BP III, 239; Jewish: Jason 1975, M�ller 1990, 47; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 215; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1290B, 1635.18.",A numskull who has slept on a feather (piece of straw) during the night finds himself completely sore and stiff in the morning. He wonders how anyone could stand to sleep on a featherbed (straw mattress) [J2213.9]. Cf. Type 704.,Documented in the 3th�5th century in the Philogelos (No. 21).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1291,One Cheese Sent to Bring Back Another,"BP I, 520�528; EM 1 (1977) 1042.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 11; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 351; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 146; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Oberfeld 1962 I, Nos. 58, 59, 62, Jenssen 1963, 15ff., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 59, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1291*, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VI; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 8; Russian: SUS; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 25; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 63; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957.",A foolish woman loses a cheese which falls and rolls down a hill. She sends a second cheese (the other ones) to bring back the first [J1881.1.2].,Documented in the 17th century in England.,"1291B, 1387, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1291A,Three-legged Pot Sent to Walk Home,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 4; BP I, 521 not. 1; EM 1 (1977) 1041.","Scottish: Baughman 1966, No. 1291C; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1291A, 1291C; French: Beauvais 1862, No. 17, Meyrac 1890, 435f., Soupault 1963, No. 21; German: Hen�en 1961, 99, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 19ff.; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 38; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 25; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1291D1; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 22; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 417f.; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, No. 1291, Hansen 1957, No. **1700.","(Including the previous Type 1291C.) Numskulls buy a three-legged pot (spinning wheel, tripod) at the market. They try to send it home reasoning that, since it has three legs, it can walk home more easily and quickly than a two-legged man [J1881.1.3]. In some variants, a four-legged table is sent home. (Previously Type 1291C.)",Documented in the 16th century.,1696.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1291B,Filling Cracks with Butter,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 165; BP I, 521�525.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 11; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 124; Lithuanian: Cappeller 1924, No. 33D; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 6, Kristensen 1890, No. 92; French: Schulte-Kemminghausen/H�llen 1963, 74f., 103f.; Spanish: H�llen 1967, 40ff., 51ff.; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 84; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 144; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 282, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 99, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 857; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 81f., Haiding 1965, 368ff.; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 430f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 289; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 327III 2 (var. b, c, h, n); Jewish: Jason 1965; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 25; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 52; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 27; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, 233ff., Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 20; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 35; African American: Dorson 1964, 250ff.; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1881ff. II, No. 9.",A foolish woman (man) sees cracks in the ground (house wall) and feels sorry for them. She greases them with the butter she is taking home (to the market) [J1871].,NA,"1386, 1653, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1291D,Other Objects or Animals Sent to Go by Themselves ' e,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 281; G�nter 1949, 205; Tubach 1969, No. 4011; EM 1 (1977) 1041f.","Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 1349X*; Scottish: Ranke 1972, No. 39; English: Jacobs 1894b, 208f., Baughman 1966, No. 1539B; French: S�billot 1881, 91ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 120; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, Nos. 163, 242; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1291E*; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 736; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Baughman 1966, No. 1539B; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: Ltopis istorico-filologieskago 3 (1894) 242; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 118, Jason 1965, No. 1291**, Jason 1988a, No. 1291**, Haboucha 1992; Lebanese, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. *1291D; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1291**; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1291D; Indian: Bradley-Birt 1920, No. 5; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. I, No. 40; Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 1929, No. 130; French-American: Carri�re 1937, 280; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 29�36; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 105, 167; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. *1291D, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1291**.","g. food (peas, flour) or animals (donkey, cow, pig, billy goat, hare) [J1881.1, J1881.2]. (Including the previous Type 1291**.) In the most popular version, a hare is sent to pay the rent. The foolish farmers hang a purse with money on him and often give him a tip in addition. Cf. Types 1535, 1539, 1710.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1292*,Etiquette of a Guest,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 19, 20, Christensen 1939, No. 90; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 37; Ukrainian: SUS.","A married daughter visiting her mother will not stop a hog from rooting in the garden since she is a guest in the house. In some variants, a young wife, having been told how to behave 'properly', says 'sir' to the dog as well as to the grandfather.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1293,A Long Piss (previously Numskull Stays until he has Finished),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 485; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 167; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 23; Ranke 1975; EM 3 (1981) 347�349 (K. Ranke).","Dutch: Meder/Baker 2001, No. 62; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Top 1982, Nos. 83, 105; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 193g, Moser-Rath 1984, 173, 291; Hungarian: MNK VI; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 16; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1293C�.","A numskull (drunken man) who is urinating outside misunderstands the noise of a flowing stream (well, falling rain) and thinks he has not finished yet. He keeps standing there for hours (more than a day) [J1814].",Documented in the early 16th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1293*,Learning to Swim,"Marzolph 1987a, No. 2; Hansen 2002, 240f.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1292*; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 170; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 173, 287f., Tomkowiak 1993, 267; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4732; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, No. 96.",A fool almost drowns when swimming. He swears never to go into the water again unless he has already learned how to swim [J2226].,Documented e.g. in Philogelos (No. 2).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1293A*,Woman Breaks All her Dishes,,"Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 240; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 79, 325; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 206; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 95ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 333 III 2; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A foolish woman buys several earthenware pots (dishes). She sets the pots on a fence. When they refuse to make room for the last pot, she breaks them all. (When the woman does not have enough room in her kitchen, she nails the crockery to the wall.)",NA,1381.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1293B*,Head in the Water,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, 241; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A man tied to a floating log turns over so that his head is in the water and he is almost drowned. His comrades on the shore say, 'He has not yet crossed the water and is already drying his legs.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1293C*,The Wrong Door,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 567, Buse 1975, No. 392; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5066; US-American: Randolph 1958, 104f., Randolph 1965, No. 238.","In the night, a man urinates outside through a door (wants to know what the weather is). Someone inside asks him how the weather is. He answers, 'The sky is overcast and it smells like bread (there are no stars).' He had opened the door to the pantry (cellar) by mistake. Cf. Type 1337C.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1294,Getting the Calf's Head out of the Pot,"Chavannes 1910ff. II, No. 311; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1221; EM 8 (1996) 257�260 (U. Marzolph).","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 2; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 31; Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1294*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 182, II, No. 473; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3852; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 308f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 117, Jason 1965, 1988a; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 435, El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 63(2); Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Moroccan, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","A calf (camel, ox, sheep, dog) gets its head caught in a pot (jar). On advice of a fool, the calf's head is cut off and then the pot is broken to get the head out [J2113]. Cf. Type 68A.",Documented in the 5th century in China in the Po-Yu-King (No. 75).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1294A*,Child with Head Caught in Jar,"Basset 1924ff. I, 451 No. 151; EM 8 (1996) 259f.","Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 135; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, Nos. 1294*, 1294*I, 1294*II, 1294*III; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 235; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3852A; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1294*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331 III 2c (var. b, c); Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 47; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 72; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Ritter 1967, 411; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 436; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1270; Chinese: Graham 1957, 237; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 62; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1294, 1294A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Jahn 1970, No. 50, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1562F�; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 451, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1294A*, 1562F�.","A child (woman) gets her head caught in a jar (glass). A fool advises that the child's head be cut off, but people prefer to break the jar. In some variants, a jar has to be broken because a foolish (greedy) woman (girl, child) cannot get her hand out of the narrow opening. She has made a fist to hold on to some contents of the jar [W151.9].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1295,The Seventh Cake Satisfies,"Hertel 1922a, No. 37; EM 8 (1996) 541�543 (H. Markel).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 89, Fischer 1955, 176f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3824; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Landmann 1960, 233; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Courlander 1950, 73f.","A fool regrets that he did not eat (drink) the seventh cake (various other kinds of food or beverages) first, since that was the one that brought him satisfaction [J2213.3]. In some cases, the eating is part of a contest.",Documented in the 5th century in China in the Po-Yu-King (No. 44).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1295A*,Tall Bridegroom Cannot Get into Church,,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 12 No. 2, 247; French: ATP 1 (1953) 5; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 97; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1295A*, 1295B*; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 163, 493, Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3728, 3852B, cf. No. 4305; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 20, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1988a, cf. Haboucha 1992; Lebanese, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1295B*; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2171.6; US-American: Leary 1991, No. 298; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1295B*; Libyan: Jahn 1970, No. 50, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1295B*.","(Including the previous Type 1295B*.) A very tall bridegroom (bride) does not fit through the door of the church (her home). His foolish attendants argue whether to cut off his head or to pull down the door. A stranger hits him on his back and the bridegroom falls down. Now he can enter and the stranger gets a reward. In some variants, a man (woman) riding on a camel (horse) does not fit through a gate. The doorway is broken down. (A stranger advises him to dismount.) [J2171.6, cf. J2199.3]. (Previously Type 1295B*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1296,Fool's Errand,Hepding 1919.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 38; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 77, 283, Kristensen 1900, No. 362, Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 609; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, No. J2346; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 15; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 417, Kl�mov� 1966, No. 43; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, No. 11; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 74; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1296C; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966, No. J2346; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 35.","A fool (apprentice) is sent out to get imaginary things, e.g. a left-handed monkey wrench, a bag of lies [J2346].","Popular as a custom in Germany, the Netherlands, etc.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1296A,"Fools Go to Buy Good Weather (storm, spring)","K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 324f.; EM: Wetterkaufen (in prep.).","Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Bl�court 1980, No. 3.139; Flemish: Roeck 1980, 171; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 46, Neumann 1968a, No. 56, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 75, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Sooder 1943, 251; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 14; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 315, 319; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 74, 75, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 29; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917) 310; Indian: Swynnerton 1908, No. 43.","They bring back a bumblebee, (hornet, butterfly, swarm of bees) in a box (sack) [J2327]. They become curious and open the box before they reach home. The good weather flies away. Cf. Type 910G.",Documented in the 19th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1296B,Doves in the Letter,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 253; BP III, 337f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 655�658 (H. Honti); EM: Tauben im Brief (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 40; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 59; II, Nos. 160�165, Christensen 1939, No. 48; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1296B, 1296B*; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1508; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 95, Moser-Rath 1984, 287f., 290, 392f., 446, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 73, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 185; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 383f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 30, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3218, II, No. 5462; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 1; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1709F.","A fool is to take two doves (crayfish, eels, bunches of grapes, gingerbread) in a basket to a farmer, along with an explanatory letter. On the way the doves escape (the fool eats the food). The farmer reads the letter and asks, 'Where are the two doves that are in the letter' ' 'They escaped from the basket. It's lucky they are still in the letter.' In some variants a servant (girl) is sent to bring a basket of fruit along with a letter. On the way, he eats one of the fruits. The letter states how much fruit there was, so the recipient asks the servant what happened to one of the pieces. He replies that it was not in the basket. He is sent again on the same errand the following day. He hides the letter before he eats the fruit, because he thinks it can observe him.",NA,1313.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1297*,Jumping into the River after their Comrade,"BP II, 555�560.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 11 No. 1, 360f.; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, Nos. 287, 288; German: Schirmeyer 1920, 84, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 74g, 83e, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 61, 119, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 207; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 46; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1297, cf. No. 1206; Japanese: Ikeda 1971.","A fool (fools) jump(s) into a river (sea, well) in order to cross the water (get imaginary sheep from the bottom, commit suicide). The fool's comrades think that he wants them to follow, and all jump in and are drowned [J1832]. In some variants, someone else makes the fools jump. Cf. Types 1246, 1535.",Documented in the late 17th century.,"1231, 1250, 1287, and 1321C."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1305,The Miser and his Gold [W153],"Aesop/Perry 1965, 465 No. 225; Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, Nos. 182�184; cf. Wesselski 1911 I, No. 201; EM 5 (1987) 955; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 253.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1305, 1305A�1305C, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 49; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 98; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 268 No. 1305B; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5021, 5022; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1061.4; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1305D, 1305D1, 1305D2; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 1305A'1305C.) This tale exists chiefly in five different forms: (1) Instead of asking for his wages from a miser, a workman asks to be allowed to see the miser's treasure. When asked why, he explains that this would give him the same satisfaction as it gives the miser. The latter repents and distributes his wealth among the poor. (Previously Type 1305A.) (2) A miser, whose treasure has been stolen, is advised to imagine that it is still intact; he will thus get as much pleasure from it as before [J1061.4]. (Previously Type 1305B.) (3) A miser, wishing to take his gold to the grave with him, orders it to be melted so that he can drink it. Molten butter is substituted, and the miser is duped. (Previously Type 1305C.) Cf. Type 760A*. (4) Even in grave danger or on his deathbed, the miser thinks about how to make or save money. (5) A miser is robbed while lying on his sick-bed, or his hoard is found after his death.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1306,Miser Refuses to Give his Hand,"Tubach 1969, No. 5244; MacDonald 1982, No. W135.5; EM 5 (1987) 955; EM 6 (1990) 1137; Marzolph 1991; Marzolph 1992 I, 150f.","German: Gerlach, Eutrapeliarum I (1656) 194, No. 773 (EM archive), Moser-Rath 1984, No. 155, Tomkowiak 1993, 290; Austrian: Hofmann-Wellenhof 1885, 44; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 238, IV, No. 470, Eschker 1972, No. 55; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5014; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 439; Turkish: Downing 1965, 26, Walker 1991, 65f.; Pakistani: Newall 1985b, 101.","A miser (clergyman, drunken man) falls into a well. Men hurry to rescue him (with a rope) and tell him to reach out his hand. He refuses. A wise man advises them not to ask for the hand of the miser but to propose him that he take their hands. The man seizes their hands and is rescued [W153.5].","Documented in the 13th century. An early Italian version is documented at the end of the 16th century by Lodovico Guicciardini, L� hore di ricreatione (No. 10a).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1309,Choosing the Clean Figs,"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 123.","Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Marreiros 1991, 218f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 44; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 150; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 76; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, 95; Greek: Ranke 1972, No. 15, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","From figs (melons) which have been urinated on, a fool is to choose only the clean ones. In testing he eats them all.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1310,Drowning the Crayfish as Punishment,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 276; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 266; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 43; Chavannes 1910ff. I, No. 50, II, No. 334; EM 8 (1996) 368�373 (J. van der Kooi); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 74; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 245; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1310, *1310D; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 108, Christensen 1939, No. 1; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 352; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1310*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 94; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 66, 288f., Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 49; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 12, 178; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 65 (1931) 14; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 20; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1207, 1310; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 360 No. 3; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 635; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1310, cf. No. 1310D; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 403 No. 107, cf. 410 No. 268; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 55, cf. No. 49, Ramos 1953, 105ff.; North American Indian: Thompson 1929, No. 108; African American: Baer 1980, 39f.; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 344; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 3; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; West African, Guinean: Klipple 1992; Angolan: Serauky 1988, 140; South African: Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.28, 2.3.103.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A small water animal (e.g. turtle, crayfish, toad) has made an enemy of a big land animal (e.g. monkey, fox, lion, elephant) or of a man. The small animal, condemned to death, begs not to be drowned. Thereupon it is thrown into the water and escapes [K581.1]. (2) Numskulls find a crayfish. Because of its claws, the fools mistake the unknown animal for a tailor and put it on a piece of cloth which it is to cut up [J1762.1.2]. The crayfish ruins the cloth. He is condemned to be drowned and is thrown into the water. When the animal swims with difficulty, one of the fools says, 'See how it suffers.' (3) Numskulls set out pickled herrings in their pond and hope the fishes will propagate. When the fools drain the pond, they find a big eel which they suspect has devoured the herrings. As a punishment the eel is to be drowned. Continuated like in version (2). Cf. Type 1208*.",Version (1) is documented in the 5th century in China in the Po-Yu-King (No. 98). Mainly spread outside of Europe. Versions (2) and (3) presumably developed in Germany during the 16th century.,"1260A, 1310*, and 1326."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1310*,The Crab Is Thought to Be the Devil,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 75�77, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E111; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 262; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 1986, 108f.; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 859; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 426; Greek: Laogr�phia 4 (1913/14) 486, 11 (1934/37) 648; Russian: SUS; West Indies: Flowers 1953.",Numskulls find a crab (snail). They mistake the unknown animal for the devil (land-monster) [J1781].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1310A,Briar-patch Punishment for Rabbit,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 266.","Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 41; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 3; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, 166ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 147; US-American: MAFLS 16 (1923) 12ff., Burrison 1989, 153ff.; French-American: Saucier 1962, Nos. 33, 33a, Ancelet 1994, No. 2 ; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 3, Dance 1978, No. 349; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 516; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1999.","A rabbit (fox, jackal), who has stolen food, is caught and is to be punished. It pretends to be afraid of being thrown into a briar patch and thus induces its captor to do just that. The rabbit runs off [K581.2].",NA,175.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1310B,Burying the Mole as Punishment [K581,"Feilberg 1886ff. III, 1190f.","French: RTP 5 (1890) 305, 11 (1896) 646, 17 (1902) 547; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1317; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1214; German: Zender 1935, No. 110, Tomkowiak 1993, 268; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 717; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 31, 196; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 70; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.103.","3]. Numskulls catch a mole which has devastated a meadow (field, garden). They consider how to punish the unknown animal and decide to bury it alive. The mole escapes.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1310C,Throwing the Bird from a Cliff as Punishment,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, 241; English: Baughman 1966; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 197; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 137N; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3816; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 9 (4); Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Talbot 1912, 397; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1889, No. 31.","A captured bird (insect) which is to be punished for some misbehavior (e.g. stealing grain, stinging) pretends to be afraid of being thrown into an abyss. The man (animal) who caught the bird throws it down from a cliff (tower) and the bird flies away [K581.4].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1311,The Wolf Taken for a Foal,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 152; EM: Verwechslung der Tiere (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 78, 79; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Set�l�/Kyr�l� 1953, No. 13; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 42; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 105, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 38, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1311*; Hungarian: MNK VI; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1311, 1312; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 21ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","The wolf is mistaken for a foal (shepherd's dog, the luck). In the man's absence the wolf eats a mare (parts of the flock, horse) [J1752].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1312,The Bear Taken for a Dog,EM: Verwechslung der Tiere (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 80; German: Peuckert 1959, No. 181; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1312A*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1312.","A bear is mistaken for a dog [J1753]. In some variants, the dog is mistaken for a bear (wolf) (and killed).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1312*,Trying to Wash Black Animal White [J1909,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 142.","German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 685; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 27f.; Greek: Laogr�phia 10 (1929/33) 465, 13 (1951) 246; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.","6]. A numskull tries to wash a black hen white because a customer wants to buy a white one. In some variants, numskulls try to wash a black bull white so that it will match the white cows. (They wash or paint their only bull in order to pretend that they own more than one.) Cf. Type 1183.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1313,The Man who Wanted to Commit Suicide (previously The Man who Thought Himself Dead),"Frey/Bolte 1896, 214; Stiefel 1908, No. 58; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 522; BP III, 337f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 331; EM 9 (1999) 210�215 (J. A. Conrad).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 24; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 509, 510, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1313A; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 94, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 185; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, No. 49, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 40f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3682, 4484; Bulgarian: BFP; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 361; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992, No. 1572*M; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1313, cf. No. 1568B; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A fool has been told by his mother (wife) to perform various tasks. He fails and decides to kill himself. Remembering a pot full of food (beverage) which his mother said was poisoned, he eats (drinks) all of it and lies down as if dead [J2311.2]. Cf. Types 1408, 1681B. (2) A master (priest) tells his apprentice (novice) not to eat (drink) from a pot full of food (beverage) which he says is poisoned. The apprentice disregards the warning and nibbles at the attractive food. He defends himself by pretending that he wanted to commit suicide.","Version (1) is widespread in Europe, documented in the 16th century. Version (2) is first documented in the late 13th century.","1240, 1296B, 1387, 1408, 1408C, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1313A,The Man Takes Seriously the Prediction of Death,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 135, 486, 505; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 49; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 860; Schwarzbaum 1968, 185, 331; EM 9 (1999) 210�215 (J. A. Conrad), Schneider 1999a, 167.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 24; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1313A, 1313B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1313A,B; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Millien/Delarue 1953, No. 24; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 1313A, 1313C; Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 7; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 513, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1313A, 1313C; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 301, 330; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, Nos. 1313A, 1313C; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 62, 119, cf. 173, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 144; Ladinian: Ranke 1972, No. 41; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1313A, 1313C; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK VI, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 418f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 45; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 323, II, No. 434; Slovene: Zupanc 1944b, 90ff.; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 245; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3014; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1313A, 1313C; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 72; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 120, Jason 1965, Nos. 1313A, 1313C, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Syrian: Prym/Socin 1881, No. 62, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 1313C; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1313A, 1313A III, Jason 1989, Nos. 1313A, 1313C; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1313C; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 1313C; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 344; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1313A, 1313C; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 1313C, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1313C; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: cf. El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J2311.5.","(Including the previous Types 1313B and 1313C.) A passer-by tells a numskull who is sawing the tree limb on which he is sitting that he will fall. Cf. Type 1240. When the fool falls, he believes the passer-by to be a prophet and demands that he might tell him when he will die. The 'prophet' tells him that he will die (1) when his donkey (horse) breaks wind three times [J2311.1], (2) when his hands and feet become cold (previously Type 1313B), (3) when a red thread or the like comes from his body [J2311.1.4], (4) other signs. The prophesied event occurs and the fool thinks he is dead. When his pallbearers or passers-by argue over which road to take, the fool sits up and advises them, 'When I was alive, I took that one.' [J2311.4]. (Previously Type 1313C.)",Documented in the 16th century. The motif of the dead man speaking [J2311.4] is also found in modern legends.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1313A*,In the Open Grave,"Wesselski 1911 I, Nos. 6, 46, 121; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 67.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 141; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 137; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3014; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000; Jordanian: Jahn 1970, No. 49; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 21, Baker 1986, No. 136, Burrison 1989, 50; Spanish-American: TFSP 29 (1959) 168f.","A drunken man falls into an open grave and lies down to sleep. When he wakes up, he thinks he is dead [J2311]. Cf. Types 1531, 1706D. In some variants, a fool hides from soldiers (robbers) in an open grave. When they ask him what he is doing there he tells them that he is dead. (After the 'dead man' is beaten by the soldiers, he returns home to warn his friends to avoid soldiers in the otherworld.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1313B*,The Cold Grave,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Elling 1979, 110, Ringseis 1980, 314; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 265, cf. Baughman 1966, No. X828*, cf. Baker 1986, No. 137.","A drunken man walking through a graveyard at night falls into an open grave. Someone finds him there (another drunk falls into the same grave), and the first man complains about how cold it is. 'No wonder,' says the second man. 'You pushed off the covers (earth)'; or, 'you don't have your shroud'.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1313C*,Not Yet Dead,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 331.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 14, Swedish: Ranke 1972, No. 16; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1406A*; Flemish: Top 1982, No. 47; German: Zender 1984, No. 289; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, 49, Fischer 1955, 363f.; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 476; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 107; US-American: Dodge 1987, 141, Leary 1991, No. 57.","A doctor at the bedside of a sick man tells him that he is practically dead. The patient argues that he is not dead yet. His wife (someone else) tells him to be quiet, the doctor knows best.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1314,Mistaking Harmless Objects for Dangerous Ones (previously The Buttercask Taken for a Dead Man),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 144f. not. 1; EM 7 (1993) 22.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 81, 104�106; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1318D; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 289; Dutch: Eigen Volk 6 (1934) 127; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 668, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 104, Zender 1984, No. 139, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 137, Berger 2001, No. 1315, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 158f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1315; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 183; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 306, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1314, 1315; Russian: SUS; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1319*; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 33; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. I, No. 43.","(Including the previous Type 1315.) Fools mistake a butter churn for a dead man (the devil). They break it in two [J1783.1]. In some variants, numskulls mistake a big tree for a snake (tree trunk for a devil or bear, big sausage for a dragon, bag full of rags for a bear, etc.). They try to kill the dangerous object with guns or spears [J1771.1]. (Previously Type 1315.) Cf. Typen 1203A, 1231.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1315*,The Steamship Thought to Be the Devil,EM 7 (1993) 22.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 96, 97; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 248, 249; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, cf. No. 121, II, No. 53; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 139; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 184f.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 245.","Numskulls mistake a steamship for the devil [J1781.1]. In some variants, a drunken man mistakes a train (bicycle) for the devil, refuses to get out of its way and is hurt.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1315**,A White Mare Thought to be a Church,EM 7 (1993) 21f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 82; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 246; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 107; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 161; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1969, No. 132; Hungarian: MNK VI.","A short-sighted man (foolish woman, numskulls who have never seen a church but have been told that it is big and white) mistakes a white mare for a church [J1761.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1316,Mistaking One Animal for Another (previously Rabbit Thought to be a Cow),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 247; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 291; Ranke 1972, No. 47; EM 7 (1993) 21f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 83, 84; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1317**; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1317*; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 199�201, Christensen 1939, No. 85, Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 69; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 1316*, 1316***, Overbeke/Dekker et. al. 1991, No. 739; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1316***, cf. Nos. 1316A*, 1339H*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 61; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 84, 230, Meyer 1968, Nos. 1316***, 1316****; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1317; German: cf. M�llenhoff 1845, No. 133, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1315***; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1316***; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1319M*, cf. No. 1338*; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3808, 4260B; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1316****; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1316****; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 64f., 126f.; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1310***; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1317*; Indian: cf. Hertel 1953, No. 44, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1316*, 1317*; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1316***; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XIV, No. 9; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1317*, J1757, Roberts 1974, No. 118.","(Including the previous Types 1316***, 1316****, 1317*, and 1319M*.) This tale exists chiefly in five different forms: (1) A foolish farmhand who has been sent out to bring in cows (sheep) thinks that the rabbits running among them are part of the herd [J1757]. Cf. Type 570. (2) Numskulls mistake an earthworm for a snake (monster) [J1755] or a frog for a lark (turtle-dove). (Previously Type 1316***.) (3) Numskulls (a hunter) mistake a donkey for a hare because of its long ears [J1754] and kill it. (Previously Type 1316****.) (4) A fool mistakes a dungbeetle for a bee [J1751]. (Previously Type 1317*.) (5) Storks are mistaken for cows. (Previously Type 1319M*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1317,The Blind Men and the Elephant,"Chavannes 1910ff. I, No. 86; Taylor 1951, No. 1435; Schwarzbaum 1968, 246f.; Uther 1981, 79; Marzolph 1990; EM 7 (1993) 21f.","Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XI, 313 No. 68; Danish: Kamp 1881, Nos. 16�22; English: Taylor 1951, No. 1435; Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 171; Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 213ff.; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 4518.","Four blind men feel an elephant's leg, tail, ear, and body respectively, and conclude that the elephant is like a log, a rope, a fan, or something without beginning or end [J1761.10].","Documented in the 2nd century in Buddhist literature. Spread to the west via Islamic-Persian folklore (11th century). Only a few European examples, all of them recent.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1318,"Mistaking a Person (Animal, Object) for a Supernatural Being (previously Objects Thought to be Ghosts)",EM 7 (1993) 22f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 107�109; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1318B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1318, 1318C; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1264*; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1337; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 58, 547; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B II, 11ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Leopold/Leopold 1882, 424f., Burger 1995, 55f., 186, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 319; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1318D*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1318A, Berg 1981, No. 242; German: Fischer 1955, 117f., Brednich 1993, No. 112, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 140; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 79, II, No. 397; Croatian: Buar 1918, No. 11; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1318D*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 307; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1318B; Jewish: Baharav/Noy 1965, No. 27, Jason 1975; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 439, El-Shamy 2004; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1318D�; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 317; US-American: Baughman, No. 1318A.","(Including the previous Types 1318A'1318C.) Besides this general type ([J1782], cf. Type 1321), three specific versions can be distinguished: (1) A person (animal) who is hiding in a church (graveyard, hearse) is mistaken for a ghost (death) [J1782.1]. (Previously Type 1318A.) (2) A fool mistakes overflowing dough for a ghost [J1782.2]. (Previously Type 1318B.) Cf. Type 1264*. (3) A person in a haunted house shoots off all his toes because he mistakes them for ghosts [J1782.8, cf. J1838]. (Previously Type 1318C.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319,Pumpkin Sold as an Donkey's Egg [J1772,"Frey/Bolte 1896, 214f.; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 50, 135, 323, 506; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 163; BP I, 317f.; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 841; Schwarzbaum 1968, 115; Schwarzbaum 1979, 420 not. 10; EM 4 (1984) 452�457 (R. Wehse).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 85, 86; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 305a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Christensen 1939, 208ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 175f.; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 195; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 48, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 96; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 224, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74m, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 159, Sooder 1943, 257; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 47; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 423, 467, 575; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 13f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3844; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 302, Orso 1979, No. 103, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 140; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 120; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1319, cf. No. 1218; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 514; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 37; English-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 8; Spanish-American: TFSP 20 (1945) 11; African American: Baughman 1966, Dorson 1967, No. 242; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 359; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1987.","1]. A numskull (numskulls) finds (buys) an unknown fruit (pumpkin, melon, etc.). He mistakes it for the egg of a donkey (mare, camel, etc.). When the fool tries to bring the 'egg' home it falls down and scares a hidden hare (rabbit, fox, mouse). The fool thinks the fugitive is a young animal hatched from the egg. He pursues it or tries to attract it. Cf. Types 1218, 1739, and 1750.",NA,"This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. of 1241, 1250, 1281, and 1288."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319*,Other Mistaken Identities,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 163; EM 7 (1993) 20.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Wigstr�m 1909ff. II, 80; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 165, II, Nos. 47, 48, 78, 79, 100, Christensen 1939, Nos. 12, 13, 17; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: Cross 1952, No. J1772; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 26f., 88, 221, 345; French: RTP 2 (1887) 106f.; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 452, 512, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1313A*, 1319*; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 108; German: Berger 2001, Nos. 1317**, 1319N*; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 867; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. J1772; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1315B, *1317A, 1318C1, *1319N, *1319P, *1319P1; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 372; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 81; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 351ff., 453; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Dejun/Xueliang 1982, 339ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1750, 1761, 1762; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 13ff., 16ff., 214, 13 (1937) 87, 32 (1964) 32, 49ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. J1770; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1319A�, 1319*; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Miscellaneous type, including those variants previously attached to Type 1319D*. One person (animal, thing, process) is mistaken for another [J1750, J1759'J1763, J1765, J1766, J1770'J1772].",NA,"1241, 1250, and 1586."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319A*,The Watch Mistaken for the Devil's Eye,EM 7 (1993) 22.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 98�100; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 13 No. 5, 56, 297f., 336; French: Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 44; Dutch: Haan 1979, 118; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 97; German: Asmus/Knoop 1898, 80f., Neumann 1968b, No. 14, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK VI, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 369; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 48; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 4; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3805A, 3832; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Gypsy: MNK X 1; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1319A, Roberts 1974, No. 114, Baker 1986, No. 213; African American: Baughman 1966, No. 1319A; Mexican: Davies 1990, 50.",Fools find a ticking watch lying in the street. They mistake it for a devil's (dragon's) eye or an animal and break it to pieces [J1781.2]. Cf. Type 1321D*.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319G*,Boot Mistaken for an Axe-sheath,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3805; Bulgarian: BFP.",Numskulls find a boot and wonder what it could be. The cleverest of them declares it to be an axe-sheath.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319H*,Boat Believed to Have Had a Child (previously Boat Believed to Have Had a Colt),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 101, 102; Swedish: ULMA, Nos. 25: 64, 19402; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 238; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 15; Dutch: Teenstra 1840, 38f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; US-American: Fuller 1948, 316, Baughman 1966, No. J1772.22*, Randolph 1957, 207.",A fool sees a small rowboat which is tied to a bigger boat and believes it to be its child [J2212.7].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319J*,Fool Eats Beetle Thinking It is a Blueberry with Wings [J1761,"Basset 1924ff. I, 485 No. 180; ZfVk. 37 (1927) 106; EM 7 (1993) 21.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 87; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1319B*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: ULMA, Nos. 25: 65, 92: 43, 111: 97, 111: 237c; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 45�47, II, Nos. 28, 29, Christensen 1939, No. 31; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 114; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1339H*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 63; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 24, Rosenow 1924, 67ff.; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 900, III, 244; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 44; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 53; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 49; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1319B*; Tatar: Dirr 1920, No. 81; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 32; Iraqi: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1761.11; Spanish-American: TFSP 32 (1964) 32; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1319B*.","11]. (Including the previous Type 1319B*.) In some variants, a frog (toad) is mistaken for a fig (plum, pear). (Previously Type 1319B*.) Cf. Type 1339F.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1319P*,Devil's Shit,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 58; Danish: Christensen 1939, Nos. 21; Dutch: Teenstra 1840, 67ff., Huizenga-Onnekes 1928f. I, 58, Haan 1974, 164f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 542, cf. Moser-Rath 1984, 370, 412f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 171.","A fool thinks that a black man (chimney sweep) is the devil, and that his excrement must be devil's dreck (asa foeticla, a medicine).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1320*,Fish-eating Icon,,Irish: cf. � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Bulgarian: cf. BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.,A fool loses fish from a torn bag. He thinks that the icon which he carried together with the fish has eaten them. The fool breaks the icon.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1321,Fools Frightened,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1321, 1321E*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 101, 114, 149�151, II, No. 54, Christensen 1939, Nos. 17, 64; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 57; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 259ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI, Nos. 1321, 1321E*, 1321F*, 1321G*; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 360; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5807; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 116; Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004.",Miscellaneous type with diverse variants.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1321A,Fright at the Creaking of a Wheelbarrow (Mill),"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 552.","Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 201, Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 17; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 82, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 59a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 90, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2078B1*, 2078B9*, 2078C*, 2078D*; Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2615; US-American: Brown 1952 I, 697, Leary 1991, No. 44.","A man is frightened by the creaking of a wheelbarrow (mill) [J2615], or a guest is afraid of the cracking of a rooftree.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1321B,Fools Afraid of their own Shadow,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 115, 116, Kristensen 1900, No. 502; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 50; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 158; Dutch: Sap-Akkerman 1977, 105ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bll. f. Pomm. Vk. 3 (1895) 21ff., Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 327; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 423, 430f.; Croatian: Ardali 1902, 276ff.; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5854; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Coleman 1965, 252ff.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 288; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",Fools are afraid of their own shadow.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1321C,"Fools are Frightened at the Humming of Bees (bumblebee, hornet)",,"Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, Nos. 104, 105, Christensen 1939, No. 20; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 98; German: Rosenow 1924, 108f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 119, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 2, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1321F*; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 46; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.",They think they hear a drum announcing the attack of their enemies [J2614.1].,"Documented in the 16th century, e.g. Hans Sachs, Der schwab mit dem rechen (1545).","1231, 1297*."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1321D,Pickling the Grandmother,,"Irish: Murphy 1975, 18f., 161; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 290; Dutch: Dinnissen 1993, No. 345, Kooi 1985f., Nos. 15, 16; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1321Z*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 55; German: Fabula 8 (1966) 117f., Ranke 1972, No. 53, Buse 1975, No. 32; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3193.","A farmer's grandmother (mother-in-law) who lives with him has died. When the farmer sends the farmhand (boy) for half a sack of salt, he runs away. The explanation: all the animals that die on the farm have to be salted so they can be eaten.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1321D*,The Ticking of a Clock Thought to be the Gnawing of Mice,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1323*; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 187; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. II, 274, Meyer 1968; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 1321D**; Hungarian: MNK VI; US-American: Roberts 1959, 137; Mexican: Robe 1973.",A young country man (woman) hears a clock ticking and mistakes it for the gnawing of mice [J1789.2].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1322,Words in a Foreign Language Thought to be Insults,"BP III, 149�151.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 233, Kristensen 1900, No. 329; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1322*; French: Perbosc 1907, No. 18, Hoffmann 1973, EM 3 (1981) 435; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 89; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1322B, *1322C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 246f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 5; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5638; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Lebanese: Assaf/Assaf 1978, No. 27, El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 57; African American: Dorson 1964, 450f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","An ignorant man (woman) mistakes polite words from a foreign language (e.g. pardon, merci) for insults [J1802] (he gets a wrong translation of these words from a jester). In some variants, the insults in a foreign language are misinterpreted as polite remarks. Cf. Type 1699.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1322A*,Grunting Pig,,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 83, 122f., 136, 290, 291, B II, 220, 347f.; Dutch: Haan 1974, 57, 166, Geldof 1979, No. 27.4, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 416, 417; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1322B*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 60; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1322B; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 55, Neumann 1968b, No. 75, cf. No. 52, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 254a�c; Hungarian: MNK VI, Nos. 1322A*�C*.","A fool thinks that a grunting pig is calling his name. Cf. Type 1264*. In some variants, the croaking of a frog (singing of a bird) is misunderstood.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1323,The Windmill Thought to be a Holy Cross,"Cf. Wesselski 1911 I, No. 176.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 110�113; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 247, 249; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 23, Kristensen 1900, No. 479, Christensen 1939, No. 68; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Wehse 1979, No. 456; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1789.1; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1322**.","Fools (an ignorant man) see a windmill and do not know what it is. They mistake the mill for a Holy Cross (church) [J1789.1], the miller for a priest and the guests from the inn for saints. In some variants, they kneel down for a prayer and are hurt by the working mill.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1324*,The Man behind the Crucifix says 'Good evening' to a drunk passer-by,EM 2 (1979) 228f.,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: cf. Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 45; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wolf 1845, No. 37, Bll. f. Pomm. Vk. 9 (1901) 57; Greek: Laogr�phia 10 (1929/33) 474; Spanish-American: TFSP 34 (1968) 189, 196f.; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 191ff., cf. 215ff.","The drunk man thus thinks Christ is speaking to him [K1971.7]. Cf. Types 1380, 1575*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1324A*,Crucifix Punished,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 347; EM 8 (1996) 515�517 (G. T�sk�s/�. Knapp).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 114, 115; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1324A*, *1324B*; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 682b; Hungarian: MNK VI; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 21, Rael 1957 II, No. 476.","Villagers ask a carver to make them a crucifix and to shape the crucified as an image not of a dead body but of a living man. In the night, after the crucifix has been set up, a hail storm devastates the fields. When the villagers seek the reason, the clergyman tells them that, being able to see, the crucified man recognized their sins and sent the hail storm as a punishment. The villagers thereupon shoot out the eyes of the crucified statue and obliterate his face. Cf. Types 1347, 1476A.",Documented in the early 19th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1325,Moving the Wrong Object (previously Moving Away From Trouble),"Lox 1998, 221f.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1325C, 1325D; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1325; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 88; Jewish: Jason 1965; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 149; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1991, No. 118.","(Including the previous Types 1325C and 1325D.) Fools try to solve a problem by moving the wrong object (e.g. mountain, island, house). Cf. Type 1326B.",NA,1386.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1325*,Bird's Dung Falls on Record Books,"Cf. Tubach 1969, No. 4556b.","Frisian: Kooi 1979b, No. 66g, Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 80; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","In a town so much birds' dung falls from the trees that it becomes a problem. Finally the municipal council decides to banish the birds from the town. When the mayor reads the order of banishment in front of the townhall, a bird flies over his head and drops something onto the recordbook. The angry mayor looks up and shouts, 'And you may never ever come back to this place again!'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1325A,The Fireplace Gives Too Much Heat,"Lox 1998, 221f.","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 420; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1325*, Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 92; Flemish: Volkskunde 6 (1893), 10f. No. 2, Meyere 1925ff. II, 101f. No. 9, Cornelissen 1929ff. I, No. 78, Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 55, Hen�en 1935, No. 226, Bodens 1937, No. 1123, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Greek: Orso 1979, No. 122.","In wintertime some farmers sit around an oven (in an inn). Soon the heat becomes so strong that they sweat and even their clothes burn. Looking for a solution, they finally decide to move the oven (to throw cold peat on the fire) [J2104]. (They ask the innkeeper to move the oven. He sends them outside and moves meanwhile their chairs. When they come back into the room again, they are persuaded that he has moved the oven with much force.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1325B,Moving the Church Away from the Dung,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1325B�1325D; French: Meyrac 1890, 440ff., Tegethoff 1923, No. 30d, Joisten 1971 II, No. 201; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 85; Frisian: Kooi 1979b, No. 63, Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 1325B*; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1907, 203ff.; Russian: SUS, No. 1210A*; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1210A**; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 19.","On the way to church a clergyman notices that one of his congregation (cow, dog) is relieving himself at the church wall. He is angry and shouts that such a stench near the church is an offence to God. He forgets the service and runs to tell the mayor what happened. The municipal council is convocatened and they decide, on the advice of the altar boys, to use a robe to pull the church with a robe away from the dirt. When the men pull, tear the altar boy, as their leaders, pretending to take the leadership stays behind the church. Each time they pull, he secretly shovels the dirt farther away from the church. When the clergyman sees the result he believes that the church has been moved from the dirt. Satisfied and in good conscience, he can officiates at the service. Cf. Type 1326B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1326,Moving the Church,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 135, 324; Schwarzbaum 1968, 190, 473; EM 7 (1993) 1380�1384 (S. Ude-Koeller).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 79; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 43; French: Blad� 1886 III, 130ff., Delarue 1947, No. 16, cf. Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 200, 202; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 460, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2421; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 86; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Peuckert 1959, No. 225, Kapfhammer 1974, 163f., 242, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 83g, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 739f., 752; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 57ff., Haiding 1965, No. 191, Haiding 1969, No. 131; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 184; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 46; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 177; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 7; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 48, Dolenec 1972, No. 80; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3818; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1326, 1327A; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Siberian: cf. Vasilenko 1955, No. 31; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 55ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Guatamalan: Davies 1990, 135f.","Fools want to move (expand) their church (town hall). As a mark they put down a coat (jacket). While the fools push hard together against the wall, the coat is stolen by a stranger. When the fools see that the coat has disappeared, they feel happy about how far they have moved the church [J2328]. Cf. Types 1325, 1325B.",Documented in the 16th century.,"1210, 1245, 1288, 1384, and 1450."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1326B,Moving the Large Stone,,"English: Ehrentreich 1938, No. 25; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Henriques/Gouveia et al. 2001, No. 130, Cardigos (forthcoming); French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 28; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Waltinger 1927, 176ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 134; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 75.","Fools want to move a large stone (rock, island). They tie a rope to it and pull (try to pull it by a boat). The rope breaks and all the fools fall down (into water). Cf. Type 1325B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1327,Emptying the Flour Sack,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 689; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 508.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 350f.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 77, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 30; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Lebanese, Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Two fools are arguing. To convince them of the nonsense of their quarrel, a third fool empties his sack of flour (pot of oil) with the words, 'There is as much flour in my sack as wit in your two heads.' [J2062.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1327A,Fool Reenacts His Case in Court,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 157, 158; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1327B; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 173, II, Nos. 158, 558, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 437�439; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 101, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 376, 422; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 236; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.","A fool explains how the pig was kicked to death and causes the judge to play the part of the pig. In some variants, a foolish woman illustrates how a pot was accidentally broken by smashing a second one.",Documented in the 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1328*,Letting Milk Boil Over,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 60�64; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1328, Kooi 2003, No. 84; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 479, Neumann 1968c, 261; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3917; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: cf. Noy 1963a, No. 121; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960.","A fool is to take care of the boiling milk. He feels happy when the milk rises thinking he will get more. When the milk boils over, he finally gets nothing [J1813.2]. In some variants, while the boiling milk is rising, a fool prays to God to give him more. When the milk boils over, he is dissatisfied with God.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1328A*,Oversalting the Soup,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 63, 64; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 177; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1328C; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 217; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 41; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 363; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1328; Ukrainian: SUS.",Each member of the family puts salt into the soup not knowing that it has been already salted.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1328B*,New Trousers,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1328A*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Dittmaier 1950, 160f., Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 203.",NA,"A man complains that his new trousers are made too long. Without knowing what the others did, each woman of his household cuts off a piece so that the trousers finally are much too short.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1330,Extinguishing the Burning Boat,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 39; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 252; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1330; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. J2162.3.","People row to land and fetch water from a spring to put out the fire [J2162.3]. In a Persian version, a foolish girl walks with a burning candle in her hand to get fire.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1331,The Covetous and the Envious,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 580; BP II, 219f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 647; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 170; Schwarzbaum 1968, 53f., 166; Tubach 1969, Nos. 560, 3983; Schwarzbaum 1979, 343, 345 not. 8, 11; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 85; Marzolph 1987a, No. 188; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 142, 816; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 144, not-H. 175; EM 9 (1999) 1331�1335 (J. van der Kooi).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Dardy 1891, No. 11, Cifarelli 1993, No. 192; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J2074; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J2074, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Trancoso/Ferreira 1974, 32ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 237; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 74, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 111, MNK VI; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 560; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 198, IV, No. 444; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Landmann 1997, 243; Armenian: Khatchatrianz 1946, 7ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1994a, 213f.; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 158; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 72; US-American: Legman 1968f. II, 611, Baker 1986, No. 258.","God (angel, saint, ruler) tries to reconcile a covetous man and an envious one (two hostile neighbors): Whatever one of them wishes, the other shall receive double. The covetous one, hoping to get the double price, gives the envious one the opportunity to wish first. The envious one wants to have one of his eyes removed [J2074]. Cf. Type 750A. In some variants, the actors are two animals (three men).","Documented in the fables of Avianus (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 580).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1331*,Illiterates (previously Learning to Read),"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 137 No. 289; EM 1 (1977) 482�484 (E. Moser-Rath).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1331E*; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 129; Dutch: Haan 1979, 176 No. 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1331F*; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 445, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 96, Brednich 2004, No. 96; Austrian: Kunz 1995, 224; Hungarian: MNK VI, Nos. 1331*, 1331*I, 1331*II; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 37; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3143; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 106; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1670, cf. Simonides 1979, No. 91; Jewish: Jason 1965; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1331E*�; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2258; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 97; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1331C*; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1331E*�.","(Including the previous Types 1331B* and 1331C*.) This type comprises various anecdotes about people who are not (hardly) able to read (write) [J1746]. Cf. Type 1832R*. Within this miscellaneous type, two versions can be distinguished: (1) A boy cannot read a book because the letters are smaller than in his schoolbook [J2258]. (Previously Type 1331B*.) (2) A fool writes a letter very slowly because the recipient cannot read fast [J2242.2]. (Previously Type 1331C*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1331A*,Buying Spectacles,EM 1 (1977) 483f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 143; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 80, Christensen 1939, No. 89; Spanish: Ranke 1972, No. 57; French: Dulac 1925, 107, Joisten 1971 II, No. 168; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 803; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 70; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1233; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 243, 289ff., Tomkowiak 1993, 268; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, No. 243, Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 73; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 369; Croatian: cf. Eschker 1986, No. 12; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3806; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1331A**; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 106; Jewish: Jason 1965; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1331A*, 1331E*; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","An illiterate person believes that he can immediately read (write) when he buys spectacles (pen) [J1748]. In some variants, a man gets a letter written in a foreign language (Turkish). He thinks that a well-dressed stranger (stranger with a big turban) must be able to read it. The stranger proposes to change their clothes (give him his turban) so that the owner of the letter can read it himself.",Documented in the 17th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1331D*,Teaching Latin,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 1, VI, No. 310; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Zender 1935, No. 129; US-American: Chase 1948, No. 16.","A person (rogue, robber, Jew, fool) wants to learn Latin (French, singing). The 'teacher' cuts off (the tip of) his tongue or orders him to lick cold iron so that the pupil injures himself [K1068.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1332,Which is the Greatest Fool Cf,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 76 No. 242; Basset 1924ff. I, 289 No. 31; Schwarzbaum 1968, 192; EM 9 (1999) 1206f.; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 365.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 79; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 187, Kristensen 1900, No. 402, Christensen 1941, 91; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 86f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Jewish: Jason 1965; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 288; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, No. 40; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 335f.; Iraqi: Lebedev 1990, No. 63, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: FL 4 (1893) 195; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. I, No. 46, cf. Schleberger 1985, No. 63; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 36; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 484; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 433, El-Shamy 2004.","Type 1384. A passer-by salaams to or tosses a coin to two (three, four) men. They ask him for whom it was intended. He says he meant it for the greatest fool [J1712]. Each tells a tale of his own foolishness to prove he is the greatest: (a) Who Will Speak First. Cf. Type 1351. (b) The Hungry Fool at his In-Laws ' Cheeks Cut. The fool goes to visit his parents-in-law and, being bashful, refuses to eat. Later he stuffs eggs, etc. , into his mouth only to be discovered by his mother-in-law who calls a surgeon. The surgeon believes the fool's cheeks are abcessed and cuts them open [X372.4.1, cf. J1842.2, J2317]. (c) The Fool at his In-Laws ' Falls into Well. The bashful fool dresses as a beggar to visit his parents-in-law. When his mother-in-law comes out of the house to give him food, he backs away and tumbles into a well, etc. (d) The Hungry Fool at his In-Laws ' the Priest Beaten. Cf. Type 1685. (e) Other tales about fools. The passer-by (king, judge) chooses the winner (all are judged as equally foolish).",Documented in the Indian folklore of the 11th century. The number and the order of the episodes varies.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1332*,Forgetfulness (Aimlessness) Causes Useless Journey,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 32ff. No. 16; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 456; Marzolph 1996, No. 475.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 78, 79; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 100; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Nos. 1349III*, 1349IV*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1332C*; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1506; Hungarian: cf. MNK IV, No. 1332D*; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 153, Karadi 1937, No. 54; Greek: Laogr�phia 7 (1923) 307; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1296C�; Iranian: Rozenfel�d 1958, 126ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1332D*; Spanish-American: TFSP 19 (1944) 159; Australian: cf. Wannan 1976, 190f.; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1296C�.","(Including the previous Types 1332A*'1332C*.) Within this miscellaneous type, four versions can be distinguished: (1) Fools forget to borrow a horse until their journey is almost over. They return for it. (Previously Type 1332A*.) (2) Fools forget to greet the hostess of the inn. They return. (Previously Type 1332B*.) (3) As the fool starts for the doctor his wife tells him that she is not ill anymore. The fool nevertheless wants to go to the doctor to tell him that now he need not come [J2241]. (Previously Type 1332C*.) (4) A fool who is away from home writes a letter to his wife but cannot find a messenger. He delivers the letter himself and then goes back to where he was [J2242].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1333,The Shepherd who Cried 'Wolf!' too often,"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 136; Jacobs 1894a, No. 43; BP IV, 319; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 146; EM 6 (1990) 1083�1086 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Hansen 2002, 402�404.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 130, 131; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J2172.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J2172.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Henriques/Gouveia et al. 2001, No. 18, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 350; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; German: Cammann 1967, No. 155, Tomkowiak 1993, 268; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. J2172.1; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3810; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: cf. Socin 1882, 200; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1333A�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 1012, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 7; Australian: Wannan 1976, 10f.; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 120; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 489; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1333A�; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, No. 31.","A shepherd (Gypsy, woodcutter) repeatedly makes fun by crying that a wolf (tiger, lion, panther, robber) is attacking his herd. He laughs when the farmers approach in haste to help. When the wolf really comes, no one believes the shepherd's cries and he looses his sheep [J2172.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 462 No. 210). Mainly found in Europe and the Indian subcontinent. Also popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1334,The Local Moon,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 52; Basset 1924ff. I, 302 No. 38, 412 No. 121; Marzolph 1987a, No. 49; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 970; EM 9 (1999) 802�805 (J. van der Kooi); Hansen 2002, 242f.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 31f., 278; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 181; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Dutch: Teenstra 1840, No. 10; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 62, Kooi 1998a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1334; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 17, II, No. 22, Kapfhammer 1974, 44, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 89, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 2; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 35; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1334A; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 137; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 351; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5179; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Bloch 1931, 180f., Landmann 1973, 633; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 296; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. J2271.1, Randolph 1965, No. 324; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Davies 1990, 129.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A traveling man (woman) is surprised to see that the moon elsewhere is the same as at home (watches a half-moon and is proud of their full moon at home; he thinks he sees his own moon so he must be near his home) [Cf. J2271.1]. (2) A traveler in a strange place (a resident leaving his home, not knowing whether it is day or night) asks a passenger whether the star in the sky is the sun or the moon. The passenger answers, 'I don't know. I'm a stranger in this town.'","Version (1) is documented in Plutarch, Moralia (601C).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1334*,The Old Moon and the Stars,"Wesselski 1911 I, Nos. 10, 109; Basset 1924ff. I, 302 No. 38, 412 No. 121; MacDonald 1982, No. J2271.2.2.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 210; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. II, No. 178; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 376; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3909; Iraqi: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J2271.2.2; Sudanese: Reinisch 1879, No. 7.","A scholar is asked by an ignorant man (shepherd) what happens to the old moon when the new moon comes. The scholar tells him that old moons are broken into pieces and made into stars (lightning) [J2271.2.2]. In some variants, people think the old moon cuts pieces from the stars and comes back as the new moon.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1334**,Two Suns,"Dutch: Haan 1974, 57, Geldof 1979, 123 No. 4; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1334A*; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 13, Zender 1984, No. 260; Hungarian: cf. Kov�cs 1988, 273; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3600; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 126.",NA,"A farmhand (two farmhands) is sent to guard pigs, and is told is to come home when the sun goes down. When the sun sets, the moon rises. The farmhand goes home, saying, 'The devil can guard the pigs! When one sun goes down, the other comes up.' Or, he continues to work on, believing there are two suns.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1335,The Swallowed Moon (previously The Eaten Moon),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 90, 498; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 124; Schwarzbaum 1968, 473; Lox 1998, 220; EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).","Danish: Christensen 1939, 181; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 67, 210, 287; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 4, Joisten 1971 II, No. 178, cf. No. 179; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 102; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 66, Top 1982, No. 24; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 462, Moser-Rath 1984, 297; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 3; Hungarian: D�gh 1955f. I, No. 41; Slovene: Mailly 1916, 30; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917�20) 308f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","A fool watches his cow (donkey, mare) drinking from a pool where the moon is reflected in the water. When the moon hides behind a cloud, the fool thinks that the cow has swallowed the moon. He tells his wife (other fools) what has happened and they decide to slaughter the cow in order to recover the moon [J1791.1]. However, they cannot find the moon in the cow's belly and regret having killed their poor cow in vain.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1335*,Setting Sun (Rising Moon) Mistaken for Fire,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 106; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 16, 151, Christensen 1939, No. 3; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984; Dutch: Sinninghe 1934, 110, 114f., 168, Geldof 1979, 186; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 110; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 91, 107, 118, 145, 149, 164, 201f., II, 171, 293, 315; German: Neumann 1968, Nos. 37, 38; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1340*VIII; African American: Harris 1955, 284ff.; Egyptian, Moroccan: cf. El-Shamy 2004.","The fire service (a night watchman) sounds a fire alarm. When the villagers crowd together it turns out that sunlight (moonlight, northern lights) had been mistaken for fire [J1806].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1335A,Catching the Moon (previously Rescuing the Moon),"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 124; Schwarzbaum 1968, 191, 473; Tr�mpy 1981, 290; EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).","Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 78; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 55, 199, 360 No. 1; French: RTP 2 (1887) 211 No. 11, cf. Joisten 1971 II, No. 182; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 219, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 1335B; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 87c; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 21, Rosenow 1924, 36ff., cf. Berger 2001, No. 1335B, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: cf. Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 15, Haiding 1969, No. 55; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 76; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 46; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 134; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 166f., 494, Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3652, 3853, 3854; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 305f., Orso 1979, No. 90, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 74; Chinese: Ting 1978; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; African American: Harris 1955, 189ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A numskull sees the moon reflected in a pond (well) and supposes it has fallen in. He calls his companions in order to rescue the moon. One of them throws a rope (net) into the pond, pulls, but falls in himself (together they try to rake out the moon). Lying on his back, the numskull sees the moon in the sky and thinks they have saved it [J1791.2]. (2) Numskulls want to catch the moon in order to have light all the time (to bring light into a gloomy building), or they think that people in the next village have stolen the moon and want to bring it back. They climb a hill (ladder) and try to capture the moon in a sack (see the moon's reflection and try to keep it by fixing a clamp across the well or pail). Cf. Type 1336.",NA,1250.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1336,Diving for Cheese,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 107; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 230f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 473; Ranelagh 1979, 190f.; Lox 1998, 220; EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 166, Christensen 1939, No. 78; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 192; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 206, 207; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 142, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Teenstra 1840, No. 34, Sinninghe 1943, No. 1250, Haan 1974, 159f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 87; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 68 No. 8, Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 206; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 15, Meyer 1925a, No. 211, Hen�en 1955, No. 462, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 16; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 306, Megas/Puchner 1998; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 193; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 143; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 295 not. 81; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1974, No. 121; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1336; South American Indian: Koch-Gr�nberg 1956, 179f.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Callaway 1868, 357 (cf. No. J1791.4), Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1450.","A numskull sees the moon reflected in the water and mistakes it for a cheese (a clump of gold). He dives for it (tells his companions, and together they try to rake the 'cheese' out) [J1791.3]. Cf. Type 34 with animals as actors.",NA,1250.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1336A,Not Recognizing Own Reflection (previously Man does not Recognize his own Reflection in the Water [Mirror]) [J1791,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 311; Basset 1924ff. II, 320 No. 71; Schwarzbaum 1968, 351, 480; Marzolph 1987a, No. 33; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 982; Hansen 2002, 257�261; Marzolph 2002, No. 518; EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 144; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 260; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, No. J1795.2*, Briggs 1970f. A II, 84; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 103; Portuguese: Henriques/Gouveia et al. 2001, Nos. 73, 131, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 83; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 247f.; German: cf. Neumann 1968a, No. 195, Moser-Rath 1984, 173, 287; Hungarian: MNK VI; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 330; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3807; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 329; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, No. 31; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 958, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 211ff.; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 500; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1336A, 1336B*; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 400 No. 17; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. J1791.7; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. J1795.2*, Burrison 1989, 65, 166, Leary 1991, No. 279; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 30f., Baughman 1966, No. J1795.2*; African American: Harris 1955, 45ff., Dorson 1964, 81f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1336A, 1336B�; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1336A, 1336B�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","7]. Cf. Types 92, 1168A. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A villager goes to town and sees a mirror for the first time. When he looks at his reflection in the mirror, he thinks he sees his dead father's face in it. He buys the mirror, hides it at home and often looks into it to greet his 'father'. His wife finds the mirror, takes it up, and sees her reflection. She thinks there is another young woman in it, feels jealous and starts quarreling with her husband. A nun who passes by takes up the mirror and says that the woman in the mirror has become a nun (their old mother sees her reflection in the mirror and tells them that there is only an old woman). (More people look into the mirror and are astonished. Finally the mirror is broken. Or, the real nature of the mirror is discovered.) (2) A foolish son sees his own reflection in the water of the well and mistakes it for a thief. He calls his mother to have a look. She agrees with her son's judgment and adds, 'And the thief is accompanied by such an ugly old woman.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1337,A Farmer Visits the City [J1742],,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 170, II, Nos. 86, 542; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: cf. Joisten 1971 II, No. 175; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1275B; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 214, Berger 2001, No. 1337*, cf. No. 1337**, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming), Mot. J1742; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1337, cf. Nos. 1337II*�1337VII*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 128, 221; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 255; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 38; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 380, 455, 611�614, 616; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3812; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Simonides 1979, No. 59; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Tadzhik: cf. Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 61; Iraqi: Lebedev 1990, No. 7, El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1742; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 41; Egyptian, Libyan: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1742, J1742.5.","Miscellaneous type with diverse variants: All kinds of mistaken identities and escapades. Cf. Types 1339D, 1699.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1337C,The Long Night,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 99; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 263; EM 9 (1999) 1115�1118 (I. Wedekind).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 145, 146; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos.1337C, 1684A*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 171, 172; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 75, Chevalier 1983, No. 104, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1684A*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 1684A*; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 522, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1684A*; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1223; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 16; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Austrian: cf. Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 176f.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1684A*; Hungarian: MNK VI; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1684A*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 310; Polynesian: Handy 1930, 21ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1684A*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Two (male or female) farmers (merchants, master and farmhand) stay overnight at an inn (in a train compartment). When one of them wants to open the window in the morning, he instead opens the door of a cupboard (opens the window but does not realize that the window shutters are still closed). He says that it is still dark outside (and the weather is smelling of cheese) and goes on sleeping throughout the day (three days). Cf. Type 1293C*. In some variants, the travelers sleep in an alcove and cannot find the door. (2) A stupid man (several men) is locked in a dark room for several days. He is made to believe that it is continuous night [J2332]. Various reasons are given for this trick: A man wants to get rid of his brother who has been visiting him for too long, or whose unfashionable clothing embarasses him. A father wants to prevent his two sons from going to a party and spending money unnecessarily. People in the city want to stop farmers from going to market to sell their animals. Servants at a hotel want to make fun of one of their guests. Often the victim is a villager who gets the idea that nights in a town must be longer than those in the country. (Previously Type 1684A*.)",Version (1) is documented in the early 16th century with references to medieval sources. Mainly found in Europe.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1338,City People Visit the Country,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 88�91; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2010; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1338, 1338A; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 236, II, Nos. 38, 39, 67, 75, 200, 445, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 345, 422, 545; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 1338*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 1338A; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1338A; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1338A*; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1337D�.","(Including the previous Type 1338A.) All kinds of mistaken identities and escapades. Within this miscellaneous type, a special version can be distinguished: A girl who lives in the city does not know whether turnips (potatoes) grow on the ground or on a tree [J1731.1]. (Previously Type 1338A.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339,Strange Foods,EM: Speisen unbekannt (forthcoming).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 9, II, No. 535, Kristensen 1899, No. 568, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 258, 259, 262�270, 506; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 176; Flemish: Volkskunde 6 (1893), 10f., Lox 1999a, No. 53; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3919; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Votyak: Munkacsi 1952, No. 108; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1339; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1339F; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 78; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Stumme 1895, No. 24.2.",Miscellaneous type with diverse variants: An ignorant man (woman) is not familiar with a certain food [J1732].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339A,Fool is Unacquainted with Sausages,EM: Speisen unbekannt (forthcoming).,"Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1339A1; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 6; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1316*; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 152; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 93; Hungarian: MNK VI; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 58; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",He squeezes the inside out and mistakes the covering for a sack [J1732.1].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339B,"Fool is Unacquainted with Bananas (Watermelon, Plums)",EM: Speisen unbekannt (forthcoming).,"Scottish, English: Baughman 1966, cf. Briggs 1970f. A II, 87; Hungarian: MNK VI; Tadzhik: cf. Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 60; French-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966.","He throws away the fruit and finds the rest bitter [J1732.2]. In a Hungarian version, an ignorant woman boils only the stalk of an asparagus because she thinks that the top is not yet ripe.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339C,Woman is Unacquainted with Tea (Coffee),EM: Speisen unbekannt (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 65�68; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Hauffen 1895, No. 12, Jungbauer 1943, 309, Tietz 1956, 55f., Berger 2001; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 697f., 717; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 41; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, app.; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 398; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 85; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 31; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1339H*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.",She serves the boiled leaves with butter (boils unground coffee beans) [J1732.3].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339D,Farmers are Unacquainted with Mustard (previously Peasants in a City Order a Whole Portion of Mustard),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 498; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 115; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 672; EM: Speisen unbekannt (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 69; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1316*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 1316**; Danish: Skattegraveren 2 (1884) 84 No. 410, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 6, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 273, 275�278; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 921c, 1131; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 173; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 17, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 167; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 64, 99; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 156, Neumann 1968a, No. 58, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 83f, 93, 147, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1879; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 71, MNK VII B, No. 1532*; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 301; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 96; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 1532*; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1570*A, Jason 1975, No. 1570*A; Indian: cf. Knowles 1888, 323 No. 3; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 124; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","Two (three, four) men are eating porridge (soup). The first takes a spoonful.The food is so hot that his eyes run with tears. The second asks his companion why he is weeping and is told, that he is thinking about his father (brother, grandmother) who died (was drowned, hanged) a year ago. Now the second man eats a spoonful and tears rise in his eyes, too. When asked why he is weeping he answers, because his companion did not die likewise a year ago. In other versions, the food is mustard (hot sauce): Farmers in the city (Indians) eat too big a portion [J1742.3]. In some variants mustard is sold to ignorant persons as honey (vinegar as wine). Cf. Type 1337.",Documented in the 15th century (Italian).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339E,All Cooked for One Meal,EM: Speisen unbekannt (forthcoming).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Knoop 1893, No. 6, Hen�en 1932, 81f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI; Russian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A farmer (foolish man, foolish woman) cooks various foods (e.g. tea, sugar, bacon) together for one meal [J1813.7]. Or, he cooks all the available beans (rice, grain) so that the food fills all of the containers (the room) [J1813.9, J1813.9.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339F,Frog Eaten as Herring,,"Danish: Christensen 1939, 114f.; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 6, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 449; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1339F*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 100; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1339F*; Wallonian: Laport 1932, No. 1339F*; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 60, Peuckert 1959, No. 186, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 91; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5546; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1339G*; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1319N*, 1319N**.","A fool buys a herring and is told to cut its head off before he eats it. He loses it in the grass (it falls out of his hand). Instead of the fish, the fool picks up a live frog and eats it: 'Croak if you want, but I'll eat you anyway!' [J1761.7]. Cf. Type 1319J*. In Bulgarian variants, the fool buys soap (a frog) instead of cheese (ham). Even though the soap makes lather, he eats it, saying, 'If you foam, or if you don't, I paid for you and I'm going to eat you!'",The comment is popular as a proverbial phrase.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1339G,The Relative in the Urn,"Ranke 1978, 286�290; Newall 1985a, 147f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1070; Schneider 1999a, 170.","Latvian: Pakalns 1999, 129; Swedish: Klintberg 1987, No. 61; English: Smith 1983, 106, Dale 1984, 81, FL 96 (1985) 147f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1339J*, Portnoy 1987, No. 109, Burger 1993, 127; German: Brednich 1990, No. 46, Fischer 1991, No. 21; Italian: Bermani 1991, 133ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 41; Polish: Simonides 1987, 270 No. 1; US-American: Legman 1968f. II, 555, Brunvand 1984, 114ff., Brunvand 1993, 75ff.; Australian: Seal 1995, 70f., 72; South African: Goldstuck 1993, 103f.","(During the years after World War II), a family gets a parcel from the U.S. (other western country, Australia) containing among other foods a box filled with an unknown powder. The family members mistake the powder for a certain sort of flour (special spice, instant drink), use it to bake a cake (scatter it on the food, dissolve it in milk) and enjoy the meal (drink). A few days later they get a letter telling them that the box contained the ashes of a relative whom they might want to bury [Cf. X21].",Modern legend picking up the motif of accidental cannibalism.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1341,Fools Warn Thief what Not to Steal,"Cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 304.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1341, cf. No. 1525P*; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 1431*; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, 84ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3848, II, No. 5057; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 95, Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Ver�inin 1962, No. 76; Tadzhik: cf. Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 52; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A fool (fools) explains to a stranger (strangers) where in the house his valuables (e.g. food, money) are kept and where the key can be found. He warns the stranger not to steal. The stranger uses the key and steals the valuables [J2091]. In some variants, a fool tells a thief to come back later because the inhabitants of the house are still awake [J1392.2.1]. Cf. Type 1577*.",Documented in the 17th century.,1586.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1341A,The Fool and the Robbers,"Clouston 1888, 100f.; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 136; Marzolph 1987a, No. 96; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 417; Hansen 2002, 136�138.","Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, Nos. 379�382; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VI; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4160; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 124, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1298*; Oman: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 1340A�; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 44; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1709A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1676; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1341, cf. Nos. 1340�, 1340A�.","(Including the previous Type 1341B*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) Robbers stumble over a fool lying on the ground and wonder, 'What is this, a log' The fool answers, 'Does a log have five annas in its pocket' When the robbers have taken away his money, the fool says, 'Ask the merchant in the tree if my money is good.' Thus the thieves rob the merchant, too [J2356]. Cf. Type 1577*. (2) Three numskulls hide when they see thieves coming. The thieves find one of them, kill him, and wonder why his blood is so dark (red). On hearing this remark, the second numskull explains from his hiding place that it is because he has eaten blackberries (prickly pears). When the second numskull is killed, the thieves remark, 'If this one had not spoken we would not have found him.' The third explains aloud, 'That's why I didn't say anything.' The thieves kill him, too [J581, J2136]. (3) Two foolish slaves are recaptured because of their talkativeness [J581, J2136]. (Previously Type 1341B*.)",Version (2) is documented in Philogelos (No. 96).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1341A*,Thief as Dog,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 126; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5467; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 195; Jewish: Landmann 1997, 79f.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 313; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 56; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 95f.; African American: Dance 1978, No. 152; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1363*.) A thief enters a house to steal but stumbles over an object. The husband wonders what the noise is. The wife says that it is probably the dog. Thus the thief crouches like a dog and says, 'It is me, the dog.' Cf. Type 1419F. In some variants, two boys spend the night in a girl's house because of bad weather. The father hears one boy in bed with the girl and asks, 'Who is there' The boy meows like a cat and the father is satisfied. The second boy has the same experience. When the father asks again, 'Who is there' the boy answers, 'It is me, the second cat.' (Previously Type 1363*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1341B,The Lord is Risen,"Wesselski 1909, No. 33; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 74; cf. Schwarzbaum 1968, 301; Tubach 1969, No. 4967; EM 5 (1987) 1437�1440 (E. Moser-Rath).","Dutch: Geldof 1979, 203f., Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 47; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 99, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 291; Italian: cf. Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 65; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 94, MNK VI; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5057, 5403; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, 271 No. 1.IV: 2, cf. Ting 1978, No. 1341B1.","A clergyman hides his money beneath the altar (in the monstrance) and leaves as a marker, 'The Lord is in this place.' A thief (the sexton) takes the money and leaves the statement: 'He is risen and is no longer here.' [J1399.1]. In some variants, a fool hides his money under a stone with the inscription, 'Here it is.' Another person finds the money and takes it, leaving the message, 'Here it is not.' [J2091.1].","Documented in the early 13th century (�tienne de Bourbon, No. 407).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1341C,Robbers Commiserated,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 32; Wesselski 1909, No. 134; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 83; Schwarzbaum 1968, 168, 471; Tubach 1969, No. 45; EM 3 (1988) 635; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 956.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 159; English: Zall 1977, 304; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 105; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2093; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1219; German: Ranke 1979, No. 4, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 291; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 230, MNK VI; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1341C, cf. Nos. *1341C1�*1341C3; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3044, II, No. 4733; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 109, Jason 1965; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A thief (thieves) visits the home of a man at night and cannot find anything of value to steal. The master of the house wakes up in his bed and tells the thief, 'What you are looking for in this house in the dark, I even cannot find in the daylight.' [J1392.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1341D,The Thief and the Moonlight,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 84 No. 11, IX, 31 No. 22; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 497; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 81; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 628; Tubach 1969, No. 4778; Stohlmann 1985, 141; Schwarzbaum 1989, 309�313.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1054; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4778; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 958E�; Iranian: Mass� 1925, No. 16; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 956E�.","A thief climbs to the roof of a house, hoping to steal something. The owner hears him and speaks to his wife loudly enough that the thief can hear, telling her the following story: Once he himself had tried to steal something by climbing through a window in a roof. He said a spell (prayer) so that the inhabitants would stay asleep. Then he let himself into the house by sliding down a ray of moonlight and stole what he wanted. The thief on the roof copies this and says the spell. The man and his wife snore loudly, pretending to be asleep. When the thief tries to slide down the ray of moonlight into the house, he falls and breaks his leg. He is beaten (hanged) [K1054].","Influential versions include the Arabic form of of the collection Kalila and Dimna (8th century), the Disciplina clericalis (No. 24) of Petrus Alfonsus, and the Gesta Romanorum (No. 136).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1342,Warming Hands and Cooling Soup with Same Breath,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 175; Schwarzbaum 1968, XXXI No. 29, 308f., 310 not. 2; Schwarzbaum 1979, 308�311; EM 6 (1990) 717�721 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 147; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 248; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. *J1820.1; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 127, Kapfhammer 1974, 14f., Rehermann 1977, 270 No. 22, 301 No. 45, 349 No. 9, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 43; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 201, Haiding 1965, No. 135; Hungarian: MNK VI; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 81; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 350; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3197, 3809; Bulgarian: Strausz 1898, 274�278; Polish: cf. Simonides 1979, No. 99; Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: Jason 1989.","During a cold winter, a satyr (wood spirit) meets a man (boy) who is cold and accommodates him in his cave. The satyr watches the man blowing in his hand and is told that in this way he wants to warm his numb fingers. When the satyr serves up a meal, his guest blows on the food and explains that he wants to cool it. The satyr is afraid of this strange human behavior, blowing hot and cold in the same manner, and chases the man away.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 427 No. 35), mainly found in Europe and the Indian subcontinent. Also popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1343,Hanging Game,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 585f.; HDA 3 (1930/31) 1443�1446 not. 20�39; EM 6 (1990) 481�485 (R. W. Brednich).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. E456; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 168; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 40, 41; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 271 No. 1.2.1.10; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1339; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 56�58, Kristensen 1900, No. 29, Christensen 1939, No. 36; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. N334.2; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 102; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 438, Zender 1966, Nos. 902�905, Berger 2001; Swiss: Rochholz 1862, 278f., Jegerlehner 1913, No. 19; Austrian: Heyl 1897, 248, Haiding 1965, No. 56; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *926C*****; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 85f.; Palestinian: cf. El-Shamy 1995 I, No. N334; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 69.","(Including the previous Type 1066.) (Two) fools (children) want to try out how it feels to be hanged. They agree that one of them (shall tie a blade of straw or thread around his neck and) shall be pulled up, while his comrades shall take care to get him down in time (when the hanging man whistles). During the trial, a wolf (devil in the form of a hare) passes by, the fools run after it, and forget to watch their hanging comrade. He dies. (The hanging man tries to whistle, but no sound can be heard. The others tell him that it might not be enough just to purse his lips.) [N334.2].","Legend with a rich literary tradition, which was documented in the 6th century in Prokopius, Bella (I,20). Also popular as a modern legend and a proverbial phrase.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1343*,The Children Play at Hog-killing,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 74; BP I, 202�204; EM 1 (1977) 626�628 (W. E. Spengler); Richter 1986; EM 7 (1993) 1264�1267 (D. Richter); Schneider 1999a, 167; Schneider 1999b, 274�277; Hansen 2002, 79�85.","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. E1551; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2001*; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B I, 143; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 891*B, Burger 1993, 28ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Rehermann 1977, 149f., 326, Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 22, Brednich 1990, No. 57; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Austrian: Habiger-Tuczay et al. 1996, 89�95; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2402.","(Previously Type 2401.) This tale combines a common introduction with either of two main parts. Introduction: Children, having seen a hog being slaughtered, play at slaughtering. The child who plays the butcher kills the child who plays the hog with a knife [N334.1]. Main parts: (1) After this, the children hide in the oven. They are burned to death when their mother lights it to heat the room. (Or, the angry mother chokes the culprit. Meanwhile the baby drowns in the bath tub, and the mother hangs herself. The father comes home and dies of grief.) (2) The murderer is taken to court. In order to decide whether he is guilty or innocent, a wise man says that he should be offered a choice between an apple and a piece of gold. The child chooses the apple and is declared to be innocent.","Documented in the 3rd century C.E by Aelian, Variae historiae (XIII,2). Also popular as a modern legend.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1344,Lighting a Fire from the Sparks from a Box on the Ear,ZfVk. 28 (1918) 132 No. 4.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 50; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1343; German: Hen�en 1935, 285, Zender 1984, 126; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4469.","A numskull wants to light a fire from the sparks of a slap. Cf. Types 1246, 1372.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Das awgenfewr (1543).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1345,Greasing the Judge's Palms,"Wesselski 1909, No. 56; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 124; Tubach 1969, No. 2421.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J2475; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 185, Moser-Rath 1984, 185f., 395, 449f.; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 135.",A foolish woman (foolish farmer) who is involved in a lawsuit is advised to grease the judge's palms. She takes it literally and greases the judge's palms using a sweet-scented oil (melted butter) [J2475]. The judge recognizes the woman's stupidity and tells her that now he needs some yards of linen to dry his hands. The woman goes for the linen and the judge says that drying was more helpful than greasing. Cf. Type 1861A.,"Known since the Middle Ages, e.g. John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (J IX,21).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1346,The House Without Food or Drink,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 229; Marzolph 1983a; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 340.","Spanish: Childers 1977, No. J2483; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J2483; Iranian: Christensen 1922, 132; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2483.","A boy (fool and his son) hears a woman on the street mourning her dead husband, 'He goes to the place where there is darkness and nothing to eat or drink.' The frightened boy rushes home and tells his master that they are bringing a corpse to their house. (The son supposes, 'They must be coming to our house.') [J2483].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1346A*,"'Guess how Many Eggs I Have and you shall Get all Seven!' A fool (farmer) says to his companion, 'If you can tell me how many eggs I have in my bag (young pigs my sow brought forth) you will get all seven (four, ten)","Wesselski 1911 I, No. 15; Basset 1924ff. I, 433 No. 137; Schwarzbaum 1968, 184.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 160; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); English: Wardroper 1970, 15; Dutch: Sinninghe 1934, 138; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 72; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 118, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 195, 225, Neumann 1976, 281f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 87, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrain: Kunz 1995, 232, 239; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VI; Greek: Orso 1979, 68f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 100; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 332; English-Canadian: Raeithel 1996, 154; Spanish-American: TFSP 21 (1946) 93; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.",' [J2712.2].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1347,Living Crucifix Chosen,"Stiefel 1908, No. 6; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 409; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 34; EM 8 (1996) 521�524 (U. Marzolph); Lox 1998, 220f.","Danish: Wessel/Levin 1895, 142ff.; English: Zall 1977, 248; French: M�lusine 2 (1884/85), 400f., 3 (1886/87) 142, RTP 2 (1887) 213f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1840; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. II, 275, Meulemans 1982, No. 1495; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 49, Moser-Rath 1984, 285, 287, 289, Tomkowiak 1993, 268f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VI; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","Foolish people order a new crucifix. The artist asks them whether they want a live or a dead one. They choose a live crucifix with the argument: If they wanted a dead one later they can still kill it [J1738.2]. Cf. Type 1324A*, 1829.","Documented in the 15th century by Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 12).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1347*,The Statue's Father,,"Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 209; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 470, 715, Cardigos (forthcoming); Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1677; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1347*, cf. Nos. 1347*I, 1347*II; Mexican: Robe 1973.","A Spaniard (farmer) threatens to smash the image of Christ (St. Anthony) if the latter does not cure his son, who is ill (help him to win a law suit). The sexton overhears the threat and tells the priest, who orders the sexton to place a smaller image in the church so that the loss will not be so great if the image is damaged. The ill son dies, and the Spaniard returns. He sees the smaller image and addresses it saying, 'Tell your father that I am here. I have no business with you.' Cf. Type 1476A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1348,The Imaginative Boy,EM 7 (1993) 760�763 (I. K�hler).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 221, 222; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2009*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 430; French: cf. Blad� 1886 III, 269ff.; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 66 No. 200; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 83, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, 517, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 169, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 208; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 489, 603; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5813; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1348, cf. Nos. *1348A�*1348D; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Olsvanger 1931, No. 328, Landmann 1960, No. 266; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 161; Tungus: cf. Suvorov 1960, 67; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Ethiopian: Moreno 1947, No. 63.","A braggart, usually a boastful boy, tells his companions (father) about a great number of wolves (bears, hares, thieves) which he pretends to have seen. When the number is called into question he reduces it gradually until no animal is left at all. He heard only a rustle in the bushes [W211.2]. Cf. Type 1920J.",Documented in the 17th/18th century.,"1920D, 1920J."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1348*,The Boy with Active Imagination,"BP III, 260f.","Finnish: Aarne 1920, No. 2011*; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2011*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1572**; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 52, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 290, 291; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 119; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 2411; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 317, Neumann 1968a, No. 15, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 162; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 183; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3145; Krzyanowski 1962f., No. 1950B; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2411; Japanese: cf. Ikeda, No. 1430; Spanish-American: TFSP 21 (1946) 85f.; South African: Coetzee et al.1967, No. 1635.12.","(Previously Type 2411.) A boy (man, farmhand) wants to (is supposed to) catch fish (bring back a wandering cow). His father (a farmer, someone else) asks him if he has caught any (found the cow). He answers (he did not look for the cow but found three birds instead), 'If I had one and then I got two more, I would have three.' [W211.1]. ('I see one, I hear one, and I catch one.')",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1348**,The Man who Believes his own Lie,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 462; Marzolph 1996, No. 498.","Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 256; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 365,1; English: Wardroper 1970, 14f.; Dutch: Geldof 1981, 188; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1251*; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 66, Meulemans 1982, No. 1381; German: Fischer-Fabian 1992, 51; Austrian: Kunz 1995, 229; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. *1251, Landmann 1973, 646; Dagestan: cf. Chalilov 1965, 289; Australian: Wannan 1976, 58.","A man tells his neighbors (customers, children) that a whale has been washed up on shore (the king is coming, they can get free food or other items). When the people hurry away to take advantage of this opportunity, he runs after them, believing his own lie [X902]. Cf. Type 1860C.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1349*,Miscellaneous Numskull Tales,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 287.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 103; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1349*; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1344; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, No. 1349*; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1966, Nos. 1349VI*, 1349VIII*, 1349IX*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1349*; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 26f., 35, 349f.; French: Lambert 1899, No. 24; Dutch: Swanenberg 1978, 148; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1349S*, 1349Z*; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 39, Ranke 1979, 164 No. 32; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1349P, *1349Q, *1349R; Hungarian: MNK VI, Nos. 1349, 1349F*, 1349H*, 1349J*, 1349K*; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 50; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 561; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3172; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1349M�; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1349J*; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1349M�, 1349N�; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1349M�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1349M�.","Miscellaneous type with diverse variants. (Including the previous Types 1349A*'1349C*, 1349E*'1349F*, 1349H*'1349K*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1349D*,What Is Intelligence (previously What Is the Joke) Two men digging a ditch wonder why their foreman can sit in the shade with a cool drink,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Hungarian: MNK VI; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 51; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4561; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 336f.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 75�81; US-American: Dorson 1964, 93f., Baker 1986, No. 192; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 43, South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1586.","One of them asks him for the reason and gets the answer, 'Because I got intelligence.' The workman does not know what 'intelligence' means. To explain it, the foreman holds his hand up in front of a tree and tells the workman to hit it. Right before the man hits his hand, he pulls it down, and the workman smashes his hand into the tree. The comment is, 'That's intelligence.' The workman returns, and asked by the other one he explains that the foreman 'got intelligence'. His companion does not know the word either. So the first man holds his hand up in front of his face and invites his companion to hit it. He pulls his hand down and takes the blow right in his face. In some variants, a nobleman explains to a stupid farmer what a joke is (Irishman shows his companion a Yankee trick).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1349G*,Cold Spell has Broken,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 76; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3564.","On a very cold winter day, a woman comes back home freezing. She is concerned about her son who is outside in the cold, and wonders if she should call him back into the house. When she sits by the stove for a while and feels warmer, she believes that the cold spell has broken and that her son can stay outside.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1349L*,Curing Fever by Dipping into Well,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 136; Tubach 1969, No. 1952; Marzolph 1992 I, 110f.","Italian: EM 1 (1977) 1176; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, 60f. No. 1; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4385; Turkish: Downing 1965, 70; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1338*.","When his mother (wife, etc.) is ill with a fever, a fool dips her into a well, because he remembers seeing a red-hot iron sickle cooled in that way [J2214.9, J2412.6]. In some variants, a fool advices a person suffering from an eye-disease to put out his eye [K1011.1], because he himself once cured his toothache by pulling out the tooth [J2412.2].",Documented in the 5th century in China in the Po-Yu-King (No. 85).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1349M*,The Answered Prayer,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 296, 478.","German: Hen�en 1935, No. 286; Jewish: Jason 1988a, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1349M; Spanish-American: cf. TFSP 13 (1937) 102f.",A man without food prays to God. He accidentally gets food and thinks God has answered his prayer.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Fool 1200-1349,NA,1349N*,The Mistaken Prescription (previously Leeches Prescribed by Doctor Eaten by Patient) [J1803,"Clouston 1888, 119; EM 2 (1979) 522f. (K. Ranke).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 176, cf. Nos. 181�183, II, Nos. 135�138, cf. Nos. 126, 128, 129, Kristensen 1900, No. 469, cf. No. 470, Christensen 1939, No. 47, cf. Nos. 42, 62a; French: RTP 1 (1889) 232, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 47; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 649, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 19, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 59; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1349N*, 1862H*, cf. Nos. 1349N**, 1349N***, 1349P*, 1349P**, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 141, 159; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1412; German: Merkens 1892 I, No. 305, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 167, Ranke 1979, 164 No. 32, Tomkowiak 1987, 168, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 172, 173, Uther 1998, Nos. 68, 70, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 91; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 136; Italian: ZfVk. 16 (1906) 295, Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. J1803.2; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1231*III, Kov�cs 1988, 36f.; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, No. 4; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 4146, 4148, 4151; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, No. 319; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1349N*, 1349N*�*A, Jason 1988a, 1349N*�*A; Australian: Edwards 1980, 224.","2] This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A physician prescribes leeches to a patient. The patient does not know how to use them. He eats some of the leeches raw and asks his wife to roast the others. (2) A sick fool takes the physician's written prescription with water and gets well [J2469.2]. (3) A foolish woman reads the instruction 'to shake before use' and shakes her ill husband instead of the medicine. (4) A foolish farmer brings a door to a pharmacist. The pharmacist is astonished and tells him that the carpenter lives across the road. The farmer answers that his wife is sick but they did not have a pencil and paper in the house, so the doctor had to write the prescription with chalk on the door.",Version (4) was popularized by Johann Peter Hebel as Das seltsame Rezept in his Schatzkaestlein des rheinischen Hausfreunds (1811).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1640,The Brave Tailor,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 510f., 563�565; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 5; BP I, 148�165; Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 56; Richmond 1957; B�dker 1957b; Nielsen 1969; Tubach 1969, Nos. 716, 5021; Schwarzbaum 1979, 519, 520 not. 4; Schwarzbaum 1980, 282; Senft 1992; Scherf 1995 I, 589�592, II, 1171�1175; Dekker et al. 1997, 84�88; Schmidt 1999; EM: Tapferes Schneiderlein (in prep.); EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 298�301; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 61(3), II, No. 285; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker 1964, No. 12; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1640; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 341f.; French: Massignon 1968, No. 4; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 207, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 46, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 187, Moser-Rath 1984, 19, 207, 288f., Uther 1990a, No. 10, Tomkowiak 1993, 271f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 32, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 1, II, No. 17; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, 248ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 17, 104, 182; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 57 No. 46; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 37; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, Nos. 1640, 1640**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 268ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 716; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 30, 123, 132, 330, II, Nos. 433, 476; Slovene: Drekonka 1932, 55ff.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 286; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 41; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 70; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 39, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 84a�b; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 163 (1�3), 317, 365; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 136, Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 1640, 1640**; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 286; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 270, 281�285, 301, 328; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 16; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 356; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 203ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 114; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 6, IV, No. 11, VII, No. 3, X, No. 17, XIV, No. 10, XVI, No. 1, XX, No. 1; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 210; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 41; Libyan, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 25, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1265.","(Seven with one stroke.) A tailor kills seven flies with one blow and wears a sign on his belt, 'Seven at one stroke.' [J115.4, K1951.1]. He goes out into the world and finds something (cheese, bird) which he puts into his pocket. He meets a giant who challenges him to prove his strength. The giant squeezes water out of a stone, and the tailor matches him by squeezing his cheese [K62] (cf. Type 1060). The giant throws a stone high into the air and the tailor throws his bird [K18.3] (cf. Type 1062). The giant orders the tailor to help him carry a tree out of the forest, so the tailor takes the top end and rides in the branches [K71] (cf. Type 1052). Using various tricks, he accomplishes other feats ([K1112] cf. Type 1051; [K63] cf. Type 1061; [K18.2] cf. Type 1063; [K72] cf. Type 1082; [K61] cf. Type 1085; [K525.1] cf. Type 1115). The tailor goes to the king's palace. The king promises the tailor his daughter in marriage and half the kingdom if he can accomplish several tasks: vanquishing two giants [K1082], catching a unicorn (the animal runs into a tree with its horn, and cannot get free) [K771], and catching a wild boar (he drives it into a church) [K731]. The tailor uses tricks to accomplish the tasks. After the tailor marries the princess, he accidentally (by speaking of needle and thread, or in his sleep) discloses his humble origin [H38.2.1]. The king sends his soldiers to take back the tailor's kingdom. The tailor pretends to be asleep and brags about his heroic deeds [K1951.3]. The soldiers flee in fear [K1951.2], and the tailor keeps his kingdom.","Known as a proverbial phrase, �To kill many flies with one blow�.","1045�1088, 1115, 1149, and also 151, 177, 300, 326, 650A, 854, 1116, 1159, 1563, and 1641."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641,Doctor Know-All,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 130, III, 146; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 196 No. 23, 205 No. 62; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 39�41, II, 584; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 62; BP II, 401�413; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, Nos. 791, 818; HDM 1 (1930�33) 400 (E. Frenkel); Schwarzbaum 1968, 54, 91, 407, 451; Schwarzbaum 1980, 275; EM 3 (1981) 734�742 (�. D�m�t�r); Retherford 1996; Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996, 52�55; Dekker et al. 1997, 96�98; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph 1999b, No. 9; Wienker-Piepho 2000, 305�307; Minton/Evans 2001, 31�40; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 308, 517.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 301, 302; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 284; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Roberts 1964, 74ff., Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, Nos. 21, 33, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 15, Kristensen 1900, No. 66; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 46f.; French: Soupault 1963, 301ff., Hoffmann 1973; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 208, Espinosa 1988, No. 358, 414; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 121, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 98; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 72; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 33, 287, 291, Uther 1990a, No. 40, Tomkowiak 1993, 272, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 98; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 270; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 259, 266; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1929f. II, 23ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 221, II, Nos. 390, 442, 474, 477, 578, 579; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 55f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 269�272; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 35; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 111; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4650; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, Nos. 17, 69; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 26, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1641, 1641*, Krzyanowski 1965, 398, Simonides 1979, 152, 168; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 311; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 137, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988, Nos. 1641, 1641*D, Haboucha 1992, No. 1641*D; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 57; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 467, El-Shamy 2004; Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 6; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 68, 155; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Schleberger 1985, No. 22; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 663; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 129; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 17, IX, No. 15, XII, No. 13, XVI, No. 9, XX, No. 7; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 35, Abrahams 1970, 187f., Dance 1978, No. 362A�B; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 85; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 31; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 467, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1266; South African: cf. Grobbelaar 1981.","A farmer named Crab (Cricket, Rat) dresses as a doctor and calls himself Doctor Know-All [K1956]. In exchange for food and lodging for three days, he offers to discover who stole a ring (treasure) from a rich man (king). He is to be hanged if he fails. When servants enter the room (at the end of the three days), he says, 'That is the first (second, third).' The servants believe he has discovered their theft, and admit to having stolen the ring [N611.1]. To prove his power, he must say what is inside a covered dish (closed fist). He has no idea and bemoans, 'Poor Crab (Cricket, Rat)!' He is lucky that this is the right answer [N688]. He gives a purgative to a person whose horse had been stolen. When the person has to go outside, he discovers his missing horse [K1956.1]. Or Dr. Know-All hides the horse himself and then discovers it [K1956.2]. In variants from northern Europe, he becomes a clergyman. He impresses the local farmers with his short and incomprehensible sermons (when his pulpit suddenly collapses, because it had been sawed through. Cf. Type 1825C [K1961.1.3]).","Indian origin, documented in the 11th century by Somaveda, Kathsaritsgara (No. 30) and Ksemendra, Brhatkath-Ma�jar (VII,313).","613, 1284, 1640, 1646, 1654, 1825, and 1825C."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641A,Sham Physician Pretends to Diagnose Entirely from Urinanalysis,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 105f. No. 81; EM 1 (1977) 852; EM 2 (1979) 235; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 308; EM: Scharlatan (forthcoming).","English: cf. Roth 1977, No. E48; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K1955.2, Chevalier 1983, No. 209; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 112f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 50, Kubitschek 1920, 67f., Kapfhammer 1974, 32, 218, cf. Roth 1977, No. D49, Moser-Rath 1984, 196; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 198; Jewish: Jason 1965, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1541E; Lebanese: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. K1955.2; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man posing as a physician claims to be able to diagnose by examining the patient's urine. He actually depends on his own observations and makes inferences from trifling details [K1955.2]. Cf. Types 1739, 1862C.","Early literary treatment, see Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (nos. 20, 21) and Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 59).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641B,Physician in Spite of Himself,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 106 No. 81; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 23; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 39, II, 584; ZfVk. 12 (1902) 246; Wesselski 1909, Nos. 13, 98; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 167; Wesselski 1931, 163; Hepding 1934; Schwarzbaum 1968, 297, 478; Tubach 1969, No. 25, cf. Nos. 3760, 3999; EM 1 (1977) 479; EM 8 (1996) 704f.; cf. EM: Scharlatan (forthcoming).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 37; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 18; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 18, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 168, 254; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, Nos. 1367, 1430; German: Cammann 1967, No. 61, Neumann 1968b, No. 203; Austrian: ZfVk. 26 (1916) 89�91; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 259f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 133ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 260ff., II, 375ff.; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1530*A.","A wife who is beaten by her husband takes revenge by claiming that her husband is a famous doctor who can prescribe medicine only after he has been beaten [H916.1.1, J1545.1]. Through his foolish behavior the false doctor cures a sick princess by making her laugh so hard that the sore in her throat opens and heals [N641] (she dislodges a fish-bone from her throat).","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, Nos. 237, 254) and the fabliau Du vilain mire. Popularized through Moli�re�s comedy Le m�decin malgr� lui (1666�67).","1641, 1641C."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641B*,Who Stole from the Church A man promises that in exchange for a good meal he will reveal who stole something from the church,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 794.","Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 340, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, No. 33; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4170; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1550E.","After he eats, he declares, 'They were thieves.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641C,Gibberish Thought to Be Latin (previously Charcoal-burner Latin),"Montanus/Bolte 1899, 594; cf. BP III, 116; EM 1 (1977) 1350 (E. Moser-Rath).","Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1629; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. IV, 265; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 95, Hen�en 1935, No. 260, Neumann 1971, 153; Ladinian: Uffer 1970, 90ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Burmese: Esche 1976, 424ff.; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, Nos. 1641C1, 1641C3.","A farmer (charcoal burner, uneducated man) speaks (by accident) some Latin-sounding words and is taken for a clergyman or an educated person (and marries a princess) [K1961.1.2]. Cf. Types 1628, 1628*, and 1825B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641C*,'Do Not Postpone till Tomorrow What You Can Do Today,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1594; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 55; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 164f.; Jewish: Jason 1965","' A farmer asks a seemingly-clever lawyer if he can buy some 'good advice' ('intelligence'). The lawyer writes something on a piece of paper, puts it into an envelope, and gives it to the farmer. The farmer pays him for this. The following day, the farmer and his workmen cannot decide whether or not they should mow the hay (grain). The farmer opens the letter, which says, 'Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.' They cut the hay and store it. Suddenly it begins to rain, and they see the wisdom of the lawyer's advice.",Known as proverbial phrase.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641D,The Sham Physician,"Wesselski 1909, No. 99; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 95; Tubach 1969, No. 1323; EM 1 (1977) 852; Uther 1981, 71f.; Uther 1988c; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1184; EM: Scharlatan (forthcoming).","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 52; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 18, Delarue 1956, No. 3; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1635* (3); German: Ruckard (1736) No. 149 (EM archive), Clement 1846, 125ff., Benzel 1957, No. 231; Italian: ZfVk. 12 (1902) 246, Pitr� 1941, No. 60; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 32; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 41; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 57, Smiiklas 1910ff. 18, No. 57; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1635B; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 171f.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1260.","A sham physician heals sick people (malingerers) by threatening to kill them if they do not get well [K1955.1]. He cures patients in a hospital by threatening to incinerate whichever of them is the sickest [K1785, K1955.1.2] or to make ointment out of his body. After he receives his reward, he goes away. Some days (one week) later the really patients come back. Cf Type 1641B.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 254) and the fabliau Du vilain mire. Further early literary treatment, see Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 190). Types 1641B and 1641D are often combined and in some cases are indistinguishable. Told of Til Eulenspiegel, Eulenspiegelbuch (No. 17).","1641, 1641B."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1641D*,Miscellaneous Tales of Charlatans,Uther 1988c.,"German: Ruckard (1736) No. 149 (EM archive); Russian: SUS, No. 1641*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1641*; Jewish: Jason 1988a, No. 1641*E, Haboucha 1992, No. **1641D; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 1641*; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1641*E; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1641A*.","(Including the previous Type 1641A*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a charlatan, a sham physician, or a sham wise man who pretends to be able to cure people.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1642,The Good Bargain,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 491f.; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 277, II, No. 426; BP I, 59�67; Reinhard 1923; EM 6 (1990) 448�453 (E. Moser-Rath); Uther 1990b, 124�126; EM 8 (1996) 703; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 371, 520.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 275, 303, 304; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 48c(2), 93(4), II, No. 288; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 132; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1642/43; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 37, III, No. 65, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 24; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 185, 197, Chevalier 1983, No. 210; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Tinnevald 1976, No. 122; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: cf. Meyer 1968, No. 1642*; German: Debus 1951, 224, 228f., Moser-Rath 1966, No. 54, Neumann 1971, No. 154, Moser-Rath 1984, 74, 259f., 288, 291, Tomkowiak 1993, 272, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 7, Berger 2001; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 156; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 23; Hungarian: cf. MNK VII C, No. 1643B*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 423ff., II 2, 422ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 32; Slovene: Kres 5 (1885) 352; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 43; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000, 3005, 3012, 3697, 3792, 3828; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1642, cf. No. *1642B*; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 29, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1994, No. 88; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 333 III; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 414; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 415, 417; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. 1442A, *1642, *1642*; Indian: Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, No. 101; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 85; Mexican: Miller 1973, No. 81; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 84; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 93; Australian: Wannan 1976, 190; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 417.","This anecdote is comprised of various motifs and episodes from other humorous tales. A foolish farmer performs various senseless actions that turn out to be to his advantage: Because he misunderstands the croaking of frogs, he throws money into the pond for them to count [JI851.1.1]. He sells meat to a dog, expecting it to carry it to the butcher [JI852]. Or, he puts goods to be sold to a signpost [J1853, J1853.1]. When he returns for his money and does not receive it, he complains to the king (takes the dog to court) and thus causes the melancholy princess to laugh [H341] (cf. Type 559). He declines to marry her and is offered a different reward, which he promises to a guard (soldier) and a Jew. The king orders a beating instead of money, and the Jew receives the blows [K187] (cf. Type 1610) (cf. Type 1689A). The Jew takes the farmer to court, loaning him his coat (boots). At the trial, the farmer denies that he has borrowed the coat and thus renders the Jew's testimony unbelievable (makes the Jew appear to be insane) [J1151.2] (cf. Type 1642A).","Early literary version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,4).","1586, 1600, 1610, 1643, 1653, 1685, and also 1000, 1009, 1012, 1029, 1030*, 1211, 1218, 1291B, 1381, 1381B, 1387, 1408, 1535, 1543, 1675, 1681B, 1691, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1642A,The Borrowed Coat,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 280; BP I, 65�67; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 54; Schwarzbaum 1968, 57, 324, 453; Marzolph 1987b, 78; EM 6 (1990) 450f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 38; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 384; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 213; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 58; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 210, 287, Moser-Rath 1984, 259f., 288, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 7; Austrian: Haiding 1977a, No. 25; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 227; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 269, II, No. 427; Serbian: cf. Eschker 1992, No. 101; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 47; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4564, 5322; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1642A, cf. No. *1587**; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 62f.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1789*; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 107; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1642V; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 166ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 154; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 112; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1983b, No. 138, Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1151.2; Nepalese: cf. Unbescheid 1987, No. 34; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American: TFSP 14 (1938) 168; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 192.","(Including the previous Types 1587**, 1789*.) A farmer (Gypsy, Jew, sexton) is summoned to court by a Jew (farmer, clergyman). The farmer refuses to go unless he has a new coat, so the Jew loans him one. In court, the farmer says the Jew is a liar. He will even say that the coat that I am wearing is his. The Jew confirms this, and all his testimony is discredited [J1151.2]. Cf. Type 1642.",NA,"1543, 1642, and 1735A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1643,Money inside the Statue (previously The Broken Image),"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, No. 65; Frey/Bolte 1896, 215f.; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 407; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 188; Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 39; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 142; Schwarzbaum 1968, 153, 469; Schwarzbaum 1979, 471, 472 not. 12; EM 5 (1987) 958�963 (H.-J. Uther).","Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 255; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1642/43; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Soupault 1963, 97ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 120; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 185, Goldberg 1998, No. J1853.1.1; Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 7; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1853.1.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Cox-Leick/Cox 1977, No. 62; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Benzel 1965, No. 144, Neumann 1968b, No. 53; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 133; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, No. 49, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 4; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 34; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1643, cf. No. 1643B*; Czech: Tille 1929f. I, 414ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 238, II, No. 473; Slovene: Zupanc 1932, 26ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 178, 179, 181�184; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 70; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 33; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000, 3697; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1643, cf. No. *1643A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1994, No. 89; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 323 (3), 333 III 1; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 10, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Erd�sz/Futaky 1996, No. 29; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 328; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 479ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Lebanese, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 49; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1642; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1643A, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1319N*; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, Nos. 37, 38, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1218, Grobbelaar 1981.","A woman sends her foolish son to sell some linen (cow, other wares), telling him not to deal with people who talk too much. The son takes this literally and refuses to sell to anyone who asks the price of the cloth. He sells the cloth (cow, other goods) to a statue (crucifix) because it does not speak, and says he will come back the next day for the money. His mother is dismayed when being told at her son's stupid bargain. When he goes back to get the money, the cloth has been stolen and the statue will not speak. Angry, the son throws a stone at the statue. It breaks and inside is a pot of money (treasure) which he mistakes for beans [J1853.1.1, N510]. Cf. Type 1696.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Die vnferschwigen pawrenmaid (1556); another version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,4).","1381, 1408, 1600, 1642, 1653, 1685, and also 1000, 1009, 1029, 1030*, 1211, 1218, 1291A, 1381C, 1385*, 1386, 1387, 1537, 1586, 1681B, 1691, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1644,The Early Pupil,EM 9 (1999) 188�191 (K. P�ge-Alder).,"Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 116, Neumann 1968b, No. 270; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 213; Slovene: Vede 3 (1850) 93; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 29; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: Jason 1989; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 87.","An old man (farmer, workman, father) decides (is advised) to go to school (because he thinks it will make him rich). The teacher tells him that he has come too late, meaning that he is too old. Each day, the man arrives earlier. One day at dawn he finds a chest (purse) full of money [N633]. Cf. Type 1381E.","The Types 1381E and 1644 are so similar that they are not always separable, and their variants are often mixed together.","982, 1381, 1381E, 1600, and 1641."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1645,The Treasure at Home,"Feilberg 1886ff. III, 235a, IV, 62b; Tille 1891; Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 258; Bolte 1909; Lohmeyer 1909; Wesselski 1909, No. 101; Lohmeyer 1913; Ranke 1934a, 22�38; Der Schlern 35 (1961) 308; R�hrich 1962f. II, No. 4; Schwarzbaum 1968, 45, 75�78, 456, 457; Tubach 1969, No. 4966; Granger 1977, No. h8.4; Ranelagh 1979, 204f.; Takehara 1991; Dekker et al. 1997, 118�121; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 99; EM: Traum vom Schatz auf der Br�cke (in prep.).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. P321; Estonian: Stern 1935, No. 147; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, 316; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 234f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 301ff., 385f.; French: RTP 6 (1891) 402, 8 (1893) 193�196, 14 (1899) 111f., 15 (1900) 294, 25 (1910) 86; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 211, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 31; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 14, Kooi 2000b, 274f.; Flemish: Walschap 1960, 117f.; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 142, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 212; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1907, 86ff., Jegerlehner 1913, No. 30, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 870f.; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 206; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 19, Uffer 1973, No. 23; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 234ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, No. 1690; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 40; Bulgarian: BFP; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 40, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 189, Pilikova 1992, No. 45; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 133; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. B II, 364; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 62; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 42; Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, 220ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man dreams that he finds a treasure on a bridge in a distant city. He goes to find it but is unsuccessful. While he is there, he tells his dream to a man (beggar), who in turn relates a similar dream in which he found a treasure in the house of the first man. When the first man returns home, he finds the treasure there [N531.1]. Cf. Type 834.","Early literary versions by the Persian-speaking alloddin Rumi, Masnavi-ye ma� navi (13th century) and in the Karlmeinet-Compilation (early 14th century).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1645A,Dream of Treasure Bought,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 195 No. 367; Wesselski 1925, 168�175; Schwarzbaum 1968, 77f., 457; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 2390; Lixfeld 1970; Lixfeld 1972; Almqvist 1979; Lecouteux 1987, 211�216; EM 6 (1990) 305�311 (H.-J. Uther); Chesnutt 1991; Schmidt 1999.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, 137 No. 99; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 4000; Icelandic: Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1988, No. 11.1; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Dardy 1891, 167, Arnaudin 1966, No. 44; German: Schambach/M�ller 1855, No. 246, Peuckert 1961f., Nos. 221, 222, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, Nos. 433, 468; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 98 No. 77; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Coleman 1965, 87f.; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 245; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1648**B.","(Guntram). A king falls asleep under a tree. A servant observes an animal creep out of his mouth [E721, E730], run to a stream, and try to cross it. The servant lays his sword across the stream, and the animal runs over it and into an opening in a mountain. Later the animal goes back into the mouth of the sleeping king. The king awakes and relates that he dreamed that he went over a stream on an iron bridge and entered a mountain where he found a great treasure. The servant tells the king what he had observed. The king looks into the mountain and discovers the great treasure, which he donates to the church. In many variants, someone else buys the dream and then finds the treasure [N531.3].","Documented in Europe in the early Middle Ages by Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum (III,34); see further Petrus de Natalibus, Catalogus sanctorum et gestorum eorum (IV,8) and Gesta Romanorum (No. 172).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1645B,Dream of Marking the Treasure,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 189; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 77; Stiefel 1898b, 173f.; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 37; Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 216; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 314; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 94, II, Nos. 789, 846; Rosenthal 1956, 120f. No. 132; Kabbani 1965, No. 83; Schwarzbaum 1968, 77; Legman 1968f. II, 918�920; Schwarzbaum 1980, 275; Marzolph 1985, 97, 124; Marzolph 1991, 175; Marzolph 1992 I, 220f., II, No. 171; EM: Schatz: Der gesiegelte S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 305; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 131�133; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 28; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 212; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, Nos. 398, 399, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 792; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 296, Hen�en 1963a, No. 75, Moser-Rath 1984, 289; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, No. 10, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 16; Czech: Tille 1929f. II 2, 427; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 272; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 82; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 222, 223; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4304; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 232, II, Nos. 107, 215; Jewish: Landmann 1997, 65f.; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 105, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Baar 1978, 49ff.; US-American: Dodge 1987, 51f.; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 56; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man dreams that he finds a treasure (is told where a treasure is buried). It is too heavy for him to carry so he marks the place with his own excrement. In the morning he finds that only the end of this dream was true: he has defecated in his bed [X31]. Cf. Type 1407A*. In later European variants, a man (farmer, gambler, rich man, poor man, miser, clergyman, fool, married couple) lights a candle to the devil (saint) (cf. Type 778*). That night he dreams that the devil took him to a place where a treasure was buried. The devil tells him to mark the place with his excrement. Again, only the end of the dream is true.","Arabian origin, see Ibn Qutaiba (9th century). Rich documentation in European sources of the Middle Ages, e.g. Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 31), Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 130), and Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 11).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1646,The Lucky Blow,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 200 No. 40; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1049.","Danish: Skattegraveren 10 (1888) 23�26 No. 50; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 311 (4) III (1), (4); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Rozenfel�d 1956, 84ff., Marzolph 1984, Marzolph 1994, 172ff.; Indian: McCulloch 1912, No. 3, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 24; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.",This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man pulls the crown (turban) off the king's head and throws it on the ground. A snake comes out of it and the king believes that the man saved his life [N656]. (2) A man is angry at the king. He drags him out of the palace and into the courtyard (to beat him). The floor of the throne room gives way and the king thinks the man has saved his life [N688.1].,NA,1641.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1650,The Three Lucky Brothers,"BP II, 69�76; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 103; Schwarzbaum 1968, 405, 483; EM 2 (1979) 871�874 (J. T. Bratcher).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 306, 307; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I. No. 89(9), II, Nos. 202c(3), 286; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: F�lice 1954, 270ff., Soupault 1963, 90ff., Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 125, 126, Perbosc/Bru 1987, 27ff.; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 231, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 653, 654, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 273, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 70; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 489f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 75; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 104, II, No. 388; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 63ff.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 60; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1651, *994*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 208ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 70ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 467; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 52; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 19, XIII, No. 8; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 1650**A; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1927, No. 35; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 78, 87; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 194; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A poor man dies, leaving his three sons only a rooster, a cat [N411.1.1] (cf. Type 545B) and something else (musical instrument, scythe [N411.2.1], rake, flail, winnowing shovel, hammer, millstone, ax, etc.). This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Each son takes his inheritance to a foreign country where it is unknown and sells it there for a fortune [N411]. A king buys the rooster because he thinks that it makes the sun rise. Fools who had used awls to harvest their grain pay generously for the scythe (cf. Types 1202, 1203, and 1203A) [N411.2]. The cat is sold at a high price in a country plagued by rats where cats were unknown (cf. Types 1281, 1651). Or, the inhabitants flee because they are afraid that the cat will devour everything, not just the rats. (2) The brothers turn their inheritance into riches by some other means. For example, the millstone falls down onto robbers who are counting their treasure; the robbers flee leaving the money behind (cf. Type 1653). Or, one brother who has inherited a rope uses it by the shore to make sandals. The devil comes out of the water and asks what he is doing, and he replies that he is making a trap for the devil (to tie the lake together). The devil offers him gold in exchange for the rope (cf. Type 1045). Or, one of the brother inherits a musical instrument (fiddle) that makes wolves dance. He is given money when he threatens to let the enchanted wolves go free (to call them back) (cf. Type 1652).","Known as proverbial phrases, �To let the cat out of the bag,� and, �To buy a cat in a sack.�","1045, 1063, 1071�1073, 1202, 1651, and also 1082, 1130, 1281, 1535, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1651,Whittington's Cat,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 I, No. 68; BP II, 69�76; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 103; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; MacDonald 1982, No. N411.1; EM 7 (1993) 1121�1126 (J. van der Kooi); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 307, 308; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 285(4), 287; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1982, No. 17; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 23, Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 53; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 25, Briggs 1970f. A II, 139ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 294; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 28; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 247, Uther 1990a, No. 27, Tomkowiak 1993, 272, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 70; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 9, 48; Slovene: Vrtec 7 (1877) 150f.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 7, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 23; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 387ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 42; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 287; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 364; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3222; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 45 (1�2), 256 IV, 295 IV 2; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 110; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 158; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 35; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, Nos. 10, 32, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 47; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 52, Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 412 No. 305; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 11; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, 424ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 87; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 34; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A youth (man, merchant, poor woman) buys a cat and gives it to a merchant (gentleman) to take away on his ship (caravan) and sell (the owner himself takes it on a journey). The cat is taken to a country (island, Africa, India) where there are no cats. This country is so overrun with mice (rats, snakes) that the inhabitants cannot sleep for fear of being bitten; or, while eating, they have to defend themselves from the animals' attacks with cudgels and hammers. The man demonstrates the cat's ability to hunt and sells it for a high price. (The cat returns to him twice, so he is able to sell it three times.) The merchant intends not to give the money to the cat's owner, but a storm (miracle) convinces him to be honest. The young man who was the cat's original owner marries the merchant's daughter (a princess in the foreign land) [N411.1]. Cf. Types 1281, 1650.","Documented in the late 13th century in the Orient (Persia) and in Europe (Albert von Stade, Annales). Popular as a play and ballad, The famous and remarkable History of Sir Richard Whittington (from 1605); as a chapbook beginning in 1656.","1063, 1202, 1281, 1535, and 1650."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1651A,Fortune in Salt,"EM 7 (1993) 1121�1126, esp. 1124 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 531; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1651*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 72; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1651A, cf. Nos. *1651B, *1651C; Greek: Karlinger 1979, No. 27, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1651B*; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man (merchant, youth) finds a country in which salt is unknown. He sells a cargo of salt for a high price and becomes rich [N411.4].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1651A*,The Accidental Heiress,"EM 11,2 (2004) 483f.","Dutch: Burger 1995, 10f.; Italian: Carbone 1990, 113ff.; US-American: Brunvand 1989, 267f.",A woman inherits the entire wealth of a rich man because she was the only person who signed his condolence book when he died ' and she did so only by accident.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1652,The Wolves in the Stable,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 306, 309; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1652, cf. No. 2002*; Swedish: cf. B�dker et al. 1963, 27f.; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 334ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1650IIb.","A young man plays a musical instrument whose music makes wolves dance. He charms some wolves thus and then locks them up. The man who was supposed to guard the wolves and had let them out gives the young man a large sum of money to return the animals to the stable, because they belong to the ruler [K443.5]. Cf. Type 1650.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1653,The Robbers under the Tree,"Wesselski 1911 II, Nos. 428, 446; BP I, 520�528, II, 412; Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 39, III, Nos. 103, 104, 116; Legman 1968f. II, 338, 860; Dekker et al. 1997, 313�315; Schmidt 1999, No. 1653B; Hansen 2002, 142�145; EM 11,1 (2003) 324�330 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 531f., Nos. 49, 178, 306, 310�312; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 57c, II, Nos. 263, 286, 291, 388; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1653, 1653A�1653D, 1653F; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1653A�1653C; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 1653, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1653B; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1653A, 1653B; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1653, 1653B; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1653B, 1653F; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1653B; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 1653AB; Norwegian: Kvideland 1972, No. 59, Hodne 1984, No. 1653AB; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 23; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 9, Briggs 1970f. A II, 463f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1653A; English: Baughman 1966, No. 1653A; French: Joisten 1956, No. 8, cf. Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 123, 124; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 326, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 232, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1653A; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 717, 719, 725, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1653, 1653A, 1653B, 1653D�1653F; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1653A, Kooi 2003, No. 67, 81, 82; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1653A, 1653D, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 5, 144; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1653, 1653A, 1653D; Walloon: Laport 1932, Nos. *1696B, *1703A; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 61, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 88, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 99, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 59; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 38; Ladinian: Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 124; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1653, 1653A, 1653B, 1653F, De Simone 1994, No. 36; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1653A, 1653B; Hungarian: MNK VII C, Nos. 1653, 1653A, 1653B, 1653F, 1653F1�1653F3; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 413, 421ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 19f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 79, 325; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 9; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 12; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 43, 91; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000, cf. Nos. 3790, 3792; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1653, 1653A�1653D, 1653F, cf. No. *1653G; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 64, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1653B; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 32b; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1653A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 323 IV, 324, 333 III 8, 351 III 2a (k), IV; Jewish: Jason 1989; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 314f., Mode 1983ff. I, No. 35, MNK X 1, Nos. 1653A, 1653B, 1653F1; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1653, 1653B; Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1653B; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1653C; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1653A; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 327; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1653A,B,C; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 417, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1653B; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1653B; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1653, 1653F; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1653, 1653D, 1653E, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 32; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1653, 1653D, 1653F; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 119, 412 No. 306; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., Nos. 1653, 1653A; Filipino: Fansler 1921, Nos. 20a, 338; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 21, XII, No. 11, XIV, No. 2; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 396, 407, 420ff.; US-American: Dorson 1964, 172ff., Baughman 1966, Nos. 1653A, 1875; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 37f., Robe 1973, No. 1653B; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 205; Mexican: Robe 1971, No. 14, Robe 1973, No. 1653B; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 355, 361; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 1653B; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 78; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 417, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1653F; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1653F; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 16; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1270, Schmidt 1991, No. 29; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1270.","(Including the previous Types 1653A'F.) This tale exists chiefly in five different forms: (1) Travelers (a single traveler) in need of a place to spend the night climb a tree. While they are hidden in the branches, robbers (rich people) settle under the tree to count their booty (to have a feast). The people in the tree overhear the activity below and let something (e.g. a door, cf. Type 1009) fall (accidentally). It lands on the robbers, frightening them so that they flee and leave their valuables behind. The travelers keep the booty and thus become rich [K335.1.1]. Cf. Types 1009, 1650, and 1875. (2) On leaving home, a husband tells his wife (wife tells her husband, mother tells her son) to mind (shut or lock) the door, but instead she takes it with her [K1413]. At night they climb a tree. The door falls, frightening robbers who flee and leave their booty behind [K335.1.1.1]. (3) Two (more) brothers exclude their youngest brother from their thieving expeditions because they think he is a fool. In order to get his own wealth, he climbs a tree, taking a door (corpse, millstone) along with him. He lets it fall on robbers who have gathered under the tree. They run away, leaving their booty behind [K335.1.1.1, K335.1.2.1]. (Previously Types 1653B and 1653C.) Cf. Types 326B*, 1525R. (4) A person in a tree drops part of a dead animal (head, intestines, hide) on rich people (robbers) who are enjoying a feast under the tree [K335.1.1.2]. (Previously Types 1653D and 1653E.) (5) Robbers overhear a foolish man (woman) talking to himself. The robbers misinterpret the words, think they have been discovered, and flee, leaving their booty behind [K335.1, N611, N611.2, N612]. (Previously Type 1653F.)","Oriental origin, Tripitaka.","592, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1045, 1291B, 1386, 1387, 1408, 1525R, 1535, 1541, 1642, 1650, 1685, 1696, and 1775."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1654,The Robbers in the Death Chamber,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 429; Schwarzbaum 1980, 279; EM 11,1 (2003) 345�348 (B. Kerbelyt); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 309.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 313; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 290; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1654*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 233, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 608�611, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 287; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 25; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 75e; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929f. I, 265f., 358ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 11, 276, 318, 329, II, Nos. 477, 579; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 9f.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 47, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 273, 274; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 61; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 525; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000, 3001; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 76; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 65, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1654, 1654**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 199 IV, 349, 353; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 138, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 64, 84; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1955, 308ff.; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 410; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 8; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 28, Littmann 1957, 357ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 68; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 1654**; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 55, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 II, No. 61, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Two farmers (friends, poor people) disagree about a bargain (found money): one thinks he has been cheated and wants to get even, or they try to cheat each other. When the creditor demands payment (that the contract be fulfilled), the debtor pretends to be dead. He is taken to the church (temple, tomb; buried in a grave) where the creditor holds a vigil. During the night, robbers come by to divide their booty. The seemingly-dead man sits up suddenly and cries out, 'Get up, all you dead people!' The creditor replies, 'Here we are!' The robbers, thinking the dead are coming out after them, flee. The creditor and the debtor share their wealth [K335.1.2.2].",NA,"1525D, 1525E, 1641, and 1920A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1655,The Profitable Exchange,"BP II, 201f., cf. III, 394f.; Anderson 1927ff. III, Nos. 105�107; Christiansen 1931; Lacourci�re 1970b; EM 3 (1981) 785; EM: Tausch: Der vorteilhafte T. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 314; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 1a�b; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc 1954, No. 42, Soupault 1963, 240ff., Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 54, Karlinger/Gr�ciano 1974, Nos. 54, 58, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 44; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 234, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 83, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 1655A; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 2, Haltrich 1956, No. 8; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 11; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 572; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 277; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 15; Ukrainian: Sonnenrose 1970, 204ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 19, 35 (1�4), Alptekin 1994, Nos. VI.96�98; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 115, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, 12; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Palestinian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 4; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. 170A (2), *1545A (2); Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 38; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 223, 270, 458, 459, 467; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 145; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 842A, 842B; North American Indian: Boas 1917, No. 4; US-American: Burrison 1989, 34f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Baer 1980, 135ff.; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, 389ff.; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 50, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; Togolese, Benin: Schild 1975, Nos. 16, 40; East African: Arewa 1966, Nos. 4266 (1)�(3), 4266A (1), (2), Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Congolese: Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.1655","A poor man finds a bean (pea, grain of millet) which is eaten by a rooster. The old woman who owns the rooster gives it to the man. When the rooster is eaten by a pig, he is given the pig. A steer (cow) kills the pig, and he takes the steer as compensation. Similarly, the man is given a horse as compensation for the steer [K251.1]. Cf. Type 170. Eventually he demands a woman (princess) as compensation and puts her into a sack. His luck turns: strangers set her free and replace her with a big dog who jumps out and attacks the man [K526].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. see the fabliau Trubert of Douin de Lavesne (13th century).","158, 170, 571, 1696, 1910, and 2034F."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1656,How the Jews Were Lured Out of Heaven [X611],"Schwarzbaum 1968, 346, 441; EM 7 (1993) 686�688 (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 315; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2003*, L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 64; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 2003*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: EU, Nos. 554,29, 44755, 46389; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 35; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 65; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 163; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 14; German: Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 173, Wiepert 1964, No. 53, Neumann 1968b, 98f., Neumann 1998, 131, Berger 2001, No. 1656**; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 413f.; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 120ff.; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 78, Eschker 1986, No. 27; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5600; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Bloch 1931, 104, Landmann 1973, 461; US-American: Baughman 1966; Australian: Wannan 1976, 58; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) In heaven, St. Peter announces that a favorite food (drink) is available elsewhere. All the members of some group (municipal council, scissors-grinders, cowherds, robbers, etc.) run out of heaven after it. In some variants, Jews are evacuated from heaven with the cry, 'Clothes are being auctioned off in hell!' (2) A group of soldiers have entered heaven illegally. St. Peter lures them out with a simulated roll call. Or, coastal inhabitants (noisy violinists) are expelled from heaven. Cf. Types 800, 801.","Popularized by Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing (II,1).",330.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1659,Late Satisfaction,"Scheiber 1985, 313f.","Dutch: Haan 1979, 176 No. 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1659A*; German: Brednich 1996, No. 21; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 16f., Landmann 1973, 275; Australian: Wannan 1976, 3f., Adams/Newell 1999 I, 173.","A man applies for a job as a hotel porter (sexton, ticket-seller for a movie theater), but he is not hired because he cannot read or write. He emigrates and, through a series of lucky circumstances, becomes wealthy. When he goes back home to visit, he stays at a hotel where he is asked to fill out a form, and it becomes obvious that he is illiterate. The porter remarks, 'Whatever could you have done if you had been able to read' The man answers, 'I would have been a porter in this hotel.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1660,The Poor Man in Court,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 171; EM: Stein f�r den Richter (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 183; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1660*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1660*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 13; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 438f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 77; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 51f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 66, Dolenec 1972, No. 25; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 41; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 49; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5525; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1534*; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 123ff., Pomerancewa 1964, No. 91, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 320; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, No. 17, cf. SUS, No. 1660*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 296; Jewish: cf. Jason 1965, No. 1660*A, Jason 1975, 1988a, No. 1660, cf. No. 1660*B; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 74f.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 534ff.; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, Nos. 44, 56; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Bradley-Birt 1920, No. 3; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 90; Chinese: Ting 1978; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 41ff., cf. 106ff.",A poor man who has been called before a judge brings a stone in his pocket which he intends to throw at the judge if the case is decided against him. The judge thinks the man has a bribe in his pocket. He decides the case in the poor man's favor [K1765].,NA,"1534, 1861A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1661,The Triple Tax,"Chauvin 1892ff. IX, 18 No. 5; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 382; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 208; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 285, cf. No. 611; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 188; Schwarzbaum 1968, 227, 268; Tubach 1969, No. 4892; Schwarzbaum 1989a, 270f. No. 6; EM: Steuer: Die dreifache S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 534; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. N635; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 214, Goldberg 1998, No. N635; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. N635; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 183ff.; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 208ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Rheinisches Jahrbuch f�r Volkskunde 21 (1973) 180f. No. 6; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Stumme 1893 II, No. 14.","A poet (farmer) receives the right to demand a tax from the first afflicted person (hunchback, leper, one-eyed man, etc.) he meets and from everyone with a certain name and also from everyone from a certain city. When he meets the first hunchbacked person and explains the situation, it happens that the man is also of that name and from that city (suffers also from the other handicaps). The poet demands more money from him as he reveals each of these circumstances, but the hunchbacked man refuses to pay [N635, J2225].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones communes (Jacques de Vitry/Frenken, No. 80), Gesta Romanorum (No. 157).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1663,Dividing Five Eggs Equally between Two Men and One Woman,"Fischer/Bolte 1895, 207; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 499, 504; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 14; Schwarzbaum 1968, 446f.; Pearce 1973; McGrady 1978; EM 3 (1981) 113; EM: Teilung der Eier (in prep.).","Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 442, Cardigos (forthcoming), cf. No. 1373*C, No. 1663; German: Joh. P. de Memel (1656) No. 992, Sommer-Klee (1670) No. 532, Sinnersberg (1747) No. 216 (EM archive), cf. Stephani 1991, No. 94; Italian: Karlinger 1973, No. 52; Hungarian: cf. MNK VII C, No. 1663*; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, No. 43; Bosnian: Marzolph 1996, No. 585; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4664; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1663, cf. No. *1663*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1533B; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, 407; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 375; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 9; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 114, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1533B�; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 375, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1663, cf. No. *1663, Marzolph 1994a, 101ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1533B�.","A king sets a task: five eggs must be divided among one woman and two men in such a way that each has three eggs. A clever woman solves the problem: each man gets one, because he already has two [testicles], and she herself takes the remaining three [J1249.1]. In some variants, a father gives three eggs to his three daughters. Whichever of them best multiplies her eggs will be the first to marry. The oldest gives one to her father, saying, 'You already have two, so that makes three.' She gives one to her mother, saying, 'In the night, when father gives you his two eggs, you will also have three. I will keep one for myself, and when I am married I will have three eggs.' Neither of her sisters is able to give so clever an answer, so she is the first to marry. Cf. Type 1533B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1670*,How a Naked Soldier Became a General,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 316; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 203; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 167ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 497, 499; German: St�bs 1938, No. 69, Gy�rgyp�l-Eckert 1940, 62f., cf. Neumann 1998, No. 53, Berger 2001; Czech: cf. Sirov�tka 1980, No. 46.","A soldier takes off his clothes to have a bath. Unexpectedly, the king comes by, and the soldier hurries naked back to his post. The king takes him home still naked and asks the women there which of them would like to marry this soldier. The daughter of a general volunteers, and the soldier is made a general [N684].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,Lucky Accidents 1640-1674,1674*,Anticipatory whipping,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 499; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1219.","Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1674**; Spanish: cf. Childers 1977, Nos. J2175.1.2*, J2175.1.3*; German: Harpagiander (1718) No. 1904 (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 272; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 23; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 97; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4101; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1674A, 1674B; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Iraqi, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A teacher whips his students before they do anything wrong, so that they will learn not do anything wrong [J2175.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525,The Master Thief [K301],"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 138f. No. 408A, VII, 140 No. 409; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, No. 10; BP III, 127f., 379�406; Ross 1963; Schwarzbaum 1968, 6, 80, 298, 349, 457; Schwarzbaum 1979, 564; Schwarzbaum 1980, 282; MacDonald 1982, No. K301; Dekker et al. 1997, 229�234; EM 9 (1999) 508�521 (H. Lox).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 103(2), II, No. 293; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1921; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 158ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 170ff., 275f., 392f., 413ff., B II, 297f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1932, 63ff., Dittmaier 1950, No. 513, Grannas 1957, No. 37; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 74; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovene: Komanova 1923, 60ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 106, ajkanovi 1929, No. 88; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 112, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 33; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1525A; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 408ff., 413ff., MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, Nos. 13, 21; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 196, 238, 300�302, 304, 307, 309, 311, 322; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Persian Gulf, Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 407, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 52, 81; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 21f., Eberhard 1941, No. 182; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 7, IV, No. 4, X, No. 2, XI, No. 2, XIV, Nos. 27, 29; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 65; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, Nos. 292, 347, 349�353, 355; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; North African: Nowak 1969, No. 407, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 116, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 116, 407, El-Shamy 2004; Congolese: Seiler-Dietrich 1980, No. 23; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.67, 2.3.79, 2.3.1525.",Miscellaneous type. This type refers to a cycle of related tales and is not clearly specified. It combines episodes esp. from types 1525A'1525D. Cf. Type 950.,NA,"This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 950, 1737."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525A,"Tasks for a Thief (previously Theft of Dog, Horse, Sheet, or Ring)","Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 136f. No. 133; BP III, 33�37, 379�406; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 850; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; EM 9 (1999) 509�513; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 491; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 275; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1525A�D; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 41; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 23; Irish: B�aloideas 2 (1930) 348�351, 358, 7 (1937) 72�75, 10 (1940) 165�172; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 386; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 32, Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 1, Massignon 1965, No. 16; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 196, Childers 1977, No. H1151.4; Basque: Webster 1877, 145ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, Nos. 217, 238, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 300, 466; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Plenzat 1927, Moser-Rath 1966, No. 82, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 192, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 4, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 6, 82, 117, 121a, 121b; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 637 No. 106; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 92, 105; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1525A, 1525A IV; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 283ff., 287ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 59; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 26, 44, 168, 294, II, 417, 511, 535, 576; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 247; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 247ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 80, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 51; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3003, II, No. 5307; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1525A, cf. No. *1525A*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 263, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 82; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 342 (5�6), 346, 360 (5�6), 360 III (var. b, i); Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Erd�sz/Futaky 1996, No. 26, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 299, 305; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 157; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 22; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1525**J; Dominican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Persian Gulf, Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 407; North African: Nowak 1969, No. 407; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 407, El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1525, 1635.15�16; Grobbelaar 1981.","A good-for-nothing young man from a poor family learns the craft of stealing and comes home as a master thief. He (his father) boasts about his skill in front of the earl (godfather) [K301.1, F660.1, H915], who demands (usually) three tests [H1151]. (1) The master thief steals a horse (dog) out of a closely-guarded stall [H1151.2]. He disguises himself as an old woman (beggar) and gives liquor (a drug) to the farmhands (guards, soldiers) to make them sleep [K332]. (2) He steals the bedcover (shirt) and wedding ring of the earl's wife [H1151.3, H1151.4]. He contrives that the earl shoots a corpse (straw man) and goes to bury the body. The thief tells the earl's wife that the earl needs the blanket and ring for the corpse [K362.2]. (3) He traps the priest and the sexton in a sack (cf. Type 1737) and puts candles on the backs of crabs. The men take him for an angel and the lights for wandering souls (cf. Type 1740). He carries the sack to the goose house (hangs it in the bell tower or chimney). Cf. Type 1737. After these tests, the master thief is banished from the country (pardoned, rewarded). Cf. Type 328.","The full form of the tale is documented in the Renaissance by Straparola, Piacevoli notti (I,2).","950, 1525D, 1535, 1737, and also 653, 804B, 1004, 1071, 1072, 1084, 1525B, 1525E, 1539, 1735, and 1740."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525B,The Horse Stolen,"Chauvin 1892ff., 135 No. 404; EM 9 (1999) 513.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 152�156; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1525B, *1525B1; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1525A�D; Irish: O�Faolain 1965, 157ff.; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 36f.; French: Carnoy 1885, No. 32; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 319; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: K�lm/Gutowski 1937, 38ff., cf. R�hrich 1962f. II, 56ff., cf. Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 335; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 60; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 426; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 232, II, 69; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 112; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5309; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1635O; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 398; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Votyak: cf. Buch 1882, No. 9; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 307, 363; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 115; Indian: Knowles 1888, 338ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 426ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. K341.8; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 30; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A thief pretends to show how a horse can be stolen, but actually he steals the horse himself. In some variants something else is stolen (shoes, clothing, a watch, dishes, purse, meat, etc.) [K341.8]. Cf. Types 1540, 1542. (2) In a German version the horse is stolen in a different way. A rider meets a poor beggar who asks him to retrieve his crutch, which a prankster (bad boy) had hung up in a tree. When the rider climbs the tree, the pretended cripple jumps on his horse and rides away.","Version (2) is documented in the 17th centuries. In different regions, it has crystalized around actors such as Eulenspiegel or famous noble robbers like Schinderhannes or Rinaldo Rinaldi.","1525A, 1542."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525C,Fishing in the Street (previously The Traveler Watches the Man Fishing in the Street),"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 44; EM 9 (1999) 513f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 157, 158, 492; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1525C, cf. No. *1525C1; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1525A�D; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 30; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Nimtz-Wendland 1961, No. 83a, Neumann 1999, No. 161; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A traveler (travelers) watches a man fishing in the street. The companions of the fisherman meanwhile rob the traveler's wagon [K341.11]. Cf. Types 1382, 1525N*.","Documented in the 16th century (Martin Montanus, No. 44).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525D,Theft by Distracting Attention,"BP III, 389�395; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; Schwarzbaum 1979, 483; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 368; Schmidt 1999; EM 9 (1999) 514.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 492ff.; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1525A�D; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 41; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Cosquin 1886f. II, No. 70, Joisten 1965, No. 23; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 682, 687, 688, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, Nos. 217, 260, Meder 2000, No. 112; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Plenzat 1927, Hen�en 1935, No. 143, Zender 1935, No. 47; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 2; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 92, 105; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 287ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 424, 536; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 46, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 249�253, Eschker 1992, No. 100; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 247ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 55, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 52; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 5307, 5310; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1525D, cf. Nos. *1525D1�*1525D4; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 267ff.; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 199ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1635O; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 341 (2�3); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1525D, cf. No. *1525D; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 15f., 18 (1943) 177�180, 25 (1953) 233�235, Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1967, Nos. 12, 13, Baer 1980, 134f.; Mexican, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2930; Sudanese, Somalian, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1223; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1230; South African: cf. Grobbelaar 1981.","A master thief (apprentice) steals an ox (ram) of a farmer (farmhand) who is going to market. The thief drops first one, then the other, of a pair of matched objects (shoes, boots, sword and sheath, knife and fork) in the road [K341.6]. The farmer passes by the first object but, when he sees the second, he goes back for the first, leaving his animal behind. The thief takes the animal. Other tricks are also used to distract the farmer's attention: the master thief pretends to hang himself in the forest [K341.3] (pretends to be dead). Or he imitates the cry of the farmer's animal [K341.7] or sets a rabbit (chicken) free. In other variants one of the thieves takes the bell off a sheep that is following a donkey. He ties the bell to the donkey's tail and steals the sheep. A second thief steals the donkey by offering to take care of it while the owner goes to look for his missing sheep.",NA,"950, 1525A, 1737, and also 1004, 1071, 1072, 1525E, 1525J, 1535, 1540, and 1654."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525E,Thieves Steal from One Another (previously The Thieves and their Pupil),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 198�210; BP III, 389�395; Vries 1926; Walters-Gehrig 1961, 61�175; Tubach 1969, No. 4784; EM 3 (1981) 646�650 (E. Moser-Rath); Dekker et al. 1997, 229f.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1525E, 1525H; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1525N; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 68ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 10, Kristensen 1890, No. 94; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 90, Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 253f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 337; Spanish: Childers 1977, Nos. K306.2, 307.4*�K307.6*, Chevalier 1983, Nos. 164, 167, Espinosa 1988, No. 318; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 1525E, 1525H3; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 683, 684, 686�688, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1525E, 1525H1, 1525H2, 1525N; Dutch: Kruyskamp 1957, 51ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1525H1, 1525H2; Flemish: Walschap 1960, 78ff.; German: Wolf 1845, No. 5, cf. Plenzat 1930, 10ff., Moser-Rath 1984, 255; Italian: Keller 1963, 235, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1525E, 1525H, 1525H2, 1525N, Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 30; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 95; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1525E, 1525H, 1525H2; Hungarian: D�gh 1955f. I, No. 43, MNK VII B, Nos. 1525H1, 1525H2, 1525N, cf. No. 1525N*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 131, 361ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 106, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 276, 318, II, Nos. 477, 579; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 291, Karadi 1937, No. 47, cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 254, cf. No. 256; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 44ff.; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 193ff., Eschker 1972, No. 44, Pilikova 1992, No. 35; Rumanian: Ure 1960, 9ff., B�rlea 1966 III, 479ff., Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5311, 5312; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1525E, 1525H, 1525H1, 1525N, *1525N1, cf. No. 1525N3; Albanian: Dozon 1881, No. 21, Mazon 1936, No. 57, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 76; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 175ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1525H1, 1525H3; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 266; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1525E, 1525H; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 341 (1), 343, 360 (1�2); Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1525H, 1525H1, 1525H2, Jason 1975, Nos. 1525H1, 1525N, Jason 1988a, No. 1525H1; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 17, MNK X 1, Nos. 1525H1, 1525N; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 84; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 84; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 103ff.; Armenian: Macler 1928f. I, 15ff.; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 310; Kazakh: Makeev 1952, 121ff., Sidel�nikov 1952, 97ff., 141ff., Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 358ff., 381ff., cf. 331ff.; Kalmyk: Ramstedt 1909 I, Nos. 3, 4, Dimbinov 1959, 55ff., Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Papashvily/Papashvily 1946, 181ff., Dolidze 1956, 342ff., Kurdovanidze 2000; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 1; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 23, II, No. 125; Saudi Arabian: M�ller 1902ff. II, No. 12; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525H1; Oman: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525H1, 1525N; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525N; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1525H*; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1525M, Jason 1989, Nos. 1525H, 1525H1, 1525N, Blackburn 2001, No. 44; Burmese: Esche 1976, 374ff.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Schleberger 1985, No. 40; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1525H, 1525N; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 10; US-American: Beckwith 1940, 446; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 346, Robe 1973, No. 1525H1; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1525H1; Panamanian: Robe 1973, No. 1525H1; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 1525H2, Dominican, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1525A I**d; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1525**H; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b, Nos. 28, 30; North African: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525H; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525E, 1525H, 1525H1, 1525N; Algerian: Rivi�re 1882, No. 4, Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 40, II, No. 5, Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965, Nos. 61, 78, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525E, 1525H, 1525H1, 1525N; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525E, 1525H1; West African: Bascom 1975, Nos. 31, 33�35; Mali: Schild 1975, No. 20; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 171ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525N.","(Including the previous Types 1525H, 1525H1'1525H3, and 1525N.) Thieves (robbers) test their expertise through a contest in which they steal from each other [K306]. Or a new member of a band of robbers has to demonstrate his skill and outdoes his teacher [L142.1]. Cf. Type 700. This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) One thief steals an egg out of a bird's nest without disturbing the bird. A second thief steals the same egg from the breast (pants pocket) of the first, or steals the trousers (shoe soles) off him while he climbs up to get the egg. Or the first thief takes off his cloth in order to get the egg, and the second thief steals the cloth. (Previously Type 1525H1.) Cf. Type 653. (2) Two thieves steal a ham (butchered hog, goat) from the wife of a former member of their band. This man steals the ham from them, and finally they steal it back again [K306.1]. (Previously Type 1525H2, 1525H3.) (3) Two thieves trick each other. First, they exchange supposedly-valuable sacks which turn out to contain only worthless things (sand, hay, etc.) [J1516]. Next, they exchange jobs (tending an unmanageable cow, carrying water in a leaky pot, etc.) because each thinks the other's work is easier, and both come to grief [J2431.1, K1687]. Together they find (steal) a treasure and each tries to trick the other out of his share. One hides in a chest, and the other, believing it to be full of gold, carries it home [K307.1]. (Previously Type 1525N.)","Versions (1) and (2) first appear in the 13th�14th century (Jean de Boves, De Barat et de Haimet ou des trois larrons). Recent examples of version (1) have spread from southeastern and eastern Europe; of version (2), from northern and eastern Europe. Version (3) is known primarily in India, the Near East, eastern and southeastern Europe, and northern and eastern Africa.","950, 1525A, 1525D, 1641, 1654, and 1737."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525G,The Thief in Disguise (previously The Thief Assumes Disguises),EM 9 (1999) 515.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 687, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Lemke 1884ff. II, 81ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 247; Croatian: Buar 1918, No. 3; Jewish: Jason 1965; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 18; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K311; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A master thief, in order to vindicate himself and his deceased mother in the eyes of the king (his father), disguises himself (as Shiva, fakir, woman, etc.) and steals repeatedly from the king [K311].",Often introduced by Type 1525A.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525H,1525H4 The Youth in the Bee Hive,EM 7 (1993) 757�760 (H.-J. Uther).,"Finnish: B�dker et al. 1963, 17ff., Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 50; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 63; French: Carnoy 1885, No. 5, Delarue 1956, 322ff., Massignon 1965, No. 10; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 478, 587, 588, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Joos 1889ff. III, No. 26; German: Zender 1935, No. 130, Hen�en 1951, No. 54, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 315; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 60; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 48, Haiding 1969, No. 123; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 138, MNK VII B; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 139F; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1875*; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, Nos. 34, 73; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Finger 1939, 182f.; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Chase 1958, No. 1; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 71; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1525H4*.","A boy (thief, boaster, fool, Eulenspiegel, couple) hides (falls asleep drunk) in an empty bee hive. Two thieves come at night to steal the bees and weigh all the hives. Believing that the heaviest is the best, they carry off the one with the boy in it. He pulls the hair of one of them, who gets angry at his companion for bothering him. Then the boy pulls the hair of the other thief, who also blames his companion. The boy continues this until the thieves put down the hive to fight each other. In some variants the boy (man) does not bother the thieves. They take the hive and build a fire under it. When the boy cries out, they are frightened and run away [K335.1.6.3].",Popularized since the early 16th century through the Eulenspiegelbuch (No. 9). Different versions begin to appear in the 19th and 20th centuries.,"1829, 1875."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525J,Thieves Cheated of their Booty,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 428; BP III, 389�395; HDM 1 (1930�33) 346; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxxi No. 25, LIV not. 140; EM 9 (1999) 515f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 493; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1525J1, 1525J2; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 377ff.; English: Zall 1963, 42; French: Carnoy 1885, No. 32; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 165, Goldberg 1998, No. K345.2; Catalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 48, Neugaard 1993, No. K345.2; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 51, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1525J2; Dutch: Meder 2000, No. 112; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1525J2; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 304; German: Cammann 1967, No. 107; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1525J1; Hungarian: MNK VII B, No. 1525J2; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 748*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 26, II, cf. Nos. 391, 536; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 249�253; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 81, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 32; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1525J1; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 199ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1525J1, 1525J2; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909 I, No. 262; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 347, 348 IV 1, 360 (1�6), 360 III 3a; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1525J, 1525J1, 1525J2, cf. No. 1525J3, Jason 1975, cf. No. 1525J3, Jason 1988a; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1525J1; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 97ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525J2; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525J1; Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525J2; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 9, cf. Christensen 1958, No. 18, cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1525D; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1525J, Jason 1989, No. 1525J, cf. No. 1525J3; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1525J1, 1525J2; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 22; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525J2; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, No. 46.","(Including the previous Types 1525J1 and 1525J2.) Cf. Types 1525D, 1525E, 1653, 1654, 1875. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) An uncle and his nephew (grandfather and grandson, group of thieves) steal an ox (sheep) and roast it. The nephew (apprentice thief) wants to keep all the meat for himself. He takes the hide to a waterhole. Hiding in the bushes, he beats the hide as if he himself were being beaten. He cries and shouts that it was not he but his uncle who stole the ox. The uncle thinks that the boy has been caught, so he runs away [K335.1.3]. In some variants the thieves cut the tail (head) off the ox (sheep) and stick it in the mouth (backside) of another, so that it looks as if one ox has eaten the other. Or they put the severed part in a swamp [K404.1]. When the owner swims out to get his drowned animal, they steal his clothes. Cf. Type 1004. (2) A boy (woman) tells a passing thief (soldier) that he has lost a silver cup (pail, etc.) in the well (river), and asks him to get it back for him. The thief takes off his clothes, climbs in the well, and finds nothing. When he comes back up, he finds that his clothes have been stolen [K345.2].",Version (2) first appears in Persian literature in the 13th century.,"1535, 1740."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525K,Ubiquitous beggar,"Herbert 1910, 282 No. 37; EM 9 (1999) 516.","Spanish: Espinosa 1946, Nos. 210, 211; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5096; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1525K; North American Indian: cf. Thompson 1929, 310 not. 117d; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K1982; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004.",A beggar manages to obtain alms from the same person three (twenty-one) times by wearing various disguises [K1982].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525K*,Awarding the Stolen Property (previously Umpire Awards his own Stolen Coat to Thief),EM 9 (1999) 516.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Jason 1988a, No. *1525J; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","Two thieves steal something valuable (fur coat, crown, cup) and dispute over how to divide it. At night one of them climbs into the bedroom of the owner (judge, lord of the manor) and tells him what happened in his dream. The owner gives him a decision in his sleep as to who should keep the object [K419.3]. Meanwhile the second thief robs the storeroom (pantry) of the owner. Cf. Type 1525Q.",NA,1740.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525L,Creditor Falsely Reported Insane when he Demands Money,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 92; Gonnella/Wesselski 1920, No. 2.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 163; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 166, Goldberg 1998, No. K242; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K242; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 38, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 82; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. 1642A; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",A hard-hearted merchant sends an assistant several times to (unwarrantedly) collect payment from a debtor. The debtor reports that the assistant is mentally deranged. The man is locked in an abbey where he is treated with prayers and holy relics. He resists these measures and is beaten. The merchant forgives the debt when he is threatened with the same treatment [K242].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525L*,Theft Committed while Tale Is Told,EM 9 (1999) 517.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 168; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1525Q*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1525L*, 1525Q*; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1525Q*; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 124f.; Italian: RTP 2 (1887) 503�505; Hungarian: MNK VII B, No. 1525Q*; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 61; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 521; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3004, cf. II, Nos. 5311, 5434; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1525Q*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1525Q*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 1525Q*; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K341.20; Algerian, Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1525Q*.) Two (three) thieves steal from a man (woman). While one of them accomplishes the theft, the other relates a tale that describes what is actually happening. With the victim thus distracted, his companion can work without being noticed [K341.20]. In another version, one thief performs a song (dance) that tells his companion where to find the booty [K341.21]. (Previously Type 1525Q*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525M,The Sheep in the Cradle (previously Mak and the Sheep),"Cosby 1945; D�gh 1982f., 103; EM: Schaf in der Wiege (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 165�167; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1525M1; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 70, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 117f.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 421, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1525h*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1525M, 1525H*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 112; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 287, Moser-Rath 1984, 288, Brednich 1993, No. 94; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 874; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1525M, 1525H*; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 142G, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 501; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 230; Russian: SUS, No. 1525H*; Mingril: Bleichsteiner 1919, No. 5; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 41, 68, 200; US-American: Baughman 1966, Burrison 1989, 48f.; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 12f.; African American: Dorson 1956, Nos. 24, 50, Dance 1978, Nos. 354A, 354B; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525H*; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 65ff.","(Including the previous Type 1525H*.) A man (farmer) steals (secretly kills) a sheep (hog). He is denounced by a neighbor (owner) and has to hide the animal. He wraps it in clothing (cloth) and lays it in a cradle as if it were a (sick) baby (in bed as if it were his brother, sets it on a toilet). The police (authorities) come looking for the stolen animal, but do not recognize it [K406.2]. In some variants a living pig is hidden in a cradle and is discovered when it squeals. In other variants a farmer smuggles a slaughtered hog wearing his wife's clothes through a guarded gate (a stolen sheep is dressed and propped up at the rudder of a boat [K406.1]). (Previously Type 1525H*.)","The earliest version ca. 400 C.E. is in the Saturnalia of Macrobius (I,6,30). This tale is the basis of the mistery play Secunda Pastorum (Second Shepherds� Play) performed in England in the early 15th century.","1525D, 1654."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525N*,Theft of Butter by Companion,,"Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, Nos. 180, 181, 201, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII B; Russian: SUS, No. 1525N*, cf. No. 1525N***; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1525N**, cf. No. 1525N****.",A soldier weighs a stingy farmer (teaches him how to fish with a chisel). Meanwhile a companion of the soldier steals the farmer's butter (fish) [K365]. Cf. Type 1525C.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525Q,The Two Thieves Married to the Same Woman,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 253 No. 151; Hor�lek 1968f., 185f.; EM 9 (1999) 516f.; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 425.","Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 44; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Dozon 1881, No. 22, Mazon 1936, No. 68; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 340; Jewish: Jason 1965; Armenian: cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 72; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; North African: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 408, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Stumme 1895, No. 9; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Two thieves (day and night thieves, burglar and pickpocket) are both married to the same woman. When they discover this, they fight over her. They go to a judge or to the woman who decides that they should have a contest to see which of them is the better thief, and he will keep the woman as his wife. Cf. Type 1525E. In some variants, one (the less able) thief breaks into the bedroom of his ruler and tells him his story. The ruler decides that the woman should belong to this thief. Cf. Type 1525K*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525R,The Robber Brothers,"EM 11,1 (2003) 353�355 (L. Sauka).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 164; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 291, 292; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1525*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 114, Hen�en 1963a, No. 82; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 33, 123, Haiding 1977a, No. 34; US-American: Dorson 1964, 172ff., Roberts 1959, 143ff., Roberts 1969, No. 39.","Two older brothers refuse to take their stupid youngest brother on their thieving expeditions. The youngest brother hurries out before them and arranges with their intended victim to be paid to guard his belongings against theft. When the older brothers break in, the youngest, without being recognized, beats them, and they return home empty-handed [K308]. This happens twice. The third time the brothers take the youngest with them. Instead of valuables, he carries off the owner's door. Followed by Type 1653.",NA,1653.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1525Z*,Other Tales of Thefts,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 126 No. 128, V, 43ff. No. 18, 245ff. No. 147, VI, 176 No. 335; EM 3 (1981) 625�639 (E. Moser-Rath).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1525J3; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1525R*; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 346, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1525*T; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1525W*, 1525X*, 1525Z*; Italian: D�Aronco 1953, No. [1219]; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1525D1, *1525S, *1525S1, *1525S2; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 62; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. *1525N2, *1525S�*1525V; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1593, 1595, 1597; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1525B*, 1525L***, 1525Q***; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1525B*, 1525B**, 1525Q**; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1525B*, 1525K**�1525M***, 1525P**, 1525Q***; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 342 (4), 360 (3�4), 360 III 3 b, c, 364 (3), 364 (5); Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1525*J3, Jason 1975, Nos. 1525*J3, 1525*S, Jason 1988a, Nos. 1525*S, 1525*T, Haboucha 1992, Nos. **1525S, **1525*; Mongolian: Lrincz 1969, No. 1525S*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1525C*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 525T�, 1525U�, 1538A�; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525T�, 1525U�, 1525W�, 1538A�; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525T�, 1525W�; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525T�, 1525W�, 1538A�; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525T�, 1525U�, 1538A�; Oman: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525T�, 1525U�; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525W�; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525T�, 1525U�, 1525W�, 1538A�; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525U�, 1538A�, 1525W�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1525S; Indian: Jason 1989, Nos. 1525*J3, 1525*S; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1525S*, 1525T*; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1525S; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Nos. 1525*S, 1525*T, 1525*U, 1525*V; African American: Harris 1955, 331ff. 504ff.; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 1525*; West Indies: Parsons 1918, 511, Flowers 1953, 511; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. *1525S, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1525S�, 1525U�, 1525W�, 1538A�; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1538A�; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525U�, 1538A�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1538A�; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1525T�; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1282.",(Including the previous Types 1525J* and 1525 R*.) Miscellaneous type with diverse variants.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1526,The Old Beggar and the Robbers,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 126 No. 128, V, 245ff. No. 147; BP III, 393�395; Ranke 1957; R�hrich 1962f. I, 173�291; Schwarzbaum 1968, 185; EM 2 (1979) 263�268 (K. Ranke); K�hler-Z�lch 1989, 198�200; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 224.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 169; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 318ff., Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 168; German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 49, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 102, Neumann 1968a, No. 45, Moser-Rath 1984, 255, 288, 290, Brednich 2004, No. 79; Maltese: Stumme 1904, No. 20; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 11, 329; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 66, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 426, cf. III, No. 320; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4956; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1526, cf. No. *1526C*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 310 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 13ff.; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 303; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 8; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1917, No. 71; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, Nos. 42, 46.","Swindlers (thieves, Gypsies, female trickster) dress a beggar (foolish farmer) as a noble lord. (They take him to an inn and pretend to be his servants.) They steal from one or more merchants by saying that their master will pay for what they take (they say they will get money from their master). Leaving the man hostage in the inn or with the merchants, the swindlers leave with their spoils. The 'noble' lord is discovered to be a beggar. He is either punished or permitted to leave [K455.3]. Cf. Type 1531.","Documented in a German verse tale of the early 13th century by Stricker (Der Pfaffe Am�s). In the 18th and 19th centuries, disseminated through popular theatrical productions, in connection with particular well-known robbers (Schinderhannes, Cartouche, Antra�ek and Jurat�ek). In oriental tradition the trickster is always female (Dalla, Fatma, Aicha).","1737, 1829."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1526A,Supper Won by a Trick,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 132 No. 285; EM: Zechpreller (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 170, 171; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Massignon 1953, No. 23, Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 197, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 431�434, cf. Nos. 435�438; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 542, Braga 1987 I, 257c, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1526A, 1526*D; Dutch: Pleij/van Grinsven et al. 1983, 81ff., 96f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, Nos. 100, 197, Ranke 1979, 166 No. 128; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1526A1, *1526A2; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 89, MNK VII B, No. 1526*; Czech: Tille 1929f. II 2, 447ff., Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 139A; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 82; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 54, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 78, 79, Pilikova 1992, Nos. 33, 36; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1526A, cf. Nos. *1526A1, *1526A2; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 302ff.; Greek: Orso 1979, Nos. 82, 87, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1550; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; US-American: cf. Burrison 1989, 38, 140ff., 161f.; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1526A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Three (four) tricksters (thieves, students, soldiers) want some supper. They have no money, so they obtain their food through (three) successive tricks. Usually someone else has to pay for their food. In some variants a single trickster gets a free meal through one of various tricks, e.g. by pretending that he is an invited guest [K455.1, K455.2, K455.4]. Cf. Type 1920E.",NA,1555B.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1526A**,Waiting until the Tower Falls,,"Dutch: Groningen 8 (1925) 138f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1526A**; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 163; German: Selk 1949, No. 154, Grannas 1960, No. 79.","Two men (students, farmhands) in an inn look out of the window and see that the churchtower is lopsided. They wager as to which side the tower will fall toward, to east or to west. The loser has to pay for the meal (wine). They enjoy their meal. When later the innkeeper asks for the payment they tell him, he has to wait until the tower falls.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1527,Robbers are Tricked into Fleeing (previously The Robbers are Betrayed),"EM 11,1 (2003) 330�336 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 172; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Lithuanian: Cappeller 1924, No. 32; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Toeppen 1867, 162f., Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 291, 381, 428, Tomkowiak 1987, 176; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 43; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 202ff.; Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar: cf. Kakuk/K�nos 1989, No. 11; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 95.","A master covers his farmhand (workman) with tar and feathers (honey and wool) and takes him to the robbers' house. The robbers are frightened and run away, leaving their treasure behind [K335.1, K335.1.8]. Cf. Types 130, 1653.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1527*,Night Lodging Requisitioned (previously The Three Wanderers Seek Night Lodgings),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 173; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 295; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Ossetian: cf. Benzel 1963, 99ff.","Three travelers need a place to spend the night. After they are turned away by an innkeeper, one of them climbs up to the roof and stops the chimney with his coat, so that the inn fills with smoke. (The other guests leave and) the innkeeper lets the travelers stay there (for free).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1527A,The Robber Disarmed (previously Robber Induced to Waste his Ammunition),"BP III, 454f.; Wesselski 1925, No. 36; Schwarzbaum 1968, 58f., 454; Tubach 1969, No. 4806; Dekker et al. 1997, 67�69; EM 11,1 (2003) 330�333 (J. van der Kooi).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 952; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 46f.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1528; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 401, Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 291, 381, 428, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 67; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 267; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Korean: Enshoff 1912, No. 45; US-American: Baughman 1960; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A boy in the forest comes upon a robber who takes his sword and robs him. The boy asks the robber to cut off his hand, to make it appear that the boy had fought to defend himself. When the robber swings the sword, the boy pulls his hand back and the sword becomes stuck in a tree trunk. The boy pulls the sword out and kills the robber [K630]. (2) A robber attacks a farmer (merchant) and takes his money. The victim asks the robber to shoot his hat (clothes) so that it will appear that the robber had to use considerable force. When the robber has used up all his ammunition, the farmer chases him away with his stick [K724].","Documented in the early 14th century by Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 542).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1528,Holding Down the Hat,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 305; Aarne 1915, 86, 96; R�hrich 1962f. II, 353�391, 497�503; EM 9 (1999) 1326�1331 (S. Neumann); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 174�176; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 44; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Tinneveld 1976, No. 289, Swanenberg 1978, 224f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Peuckert 1959, No. 215, Neumann 1968a, No. 127, Moser-Rath 1984, 76f., 233, 289; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 404ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 263, 301; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 144; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 257; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3747; Bulgarian: cf. BFP; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 336; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, 124; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1528, cf. No. 1528A; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 83; Indonesian: cf. Vries 1925f. II, No. 185; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 420, 426, Robe 1973; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 78, 79; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 19; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 524, 530; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A merchant is chasing a thief who stole from him. Disguised as a farmer, the thief stands by the side of the road pretending to be guarding a valuable falcon which he has hidden under his hat. When the merchant comes by, the 'farmer' offers to chase the thief, if the merchant will guard the falcon and lend him his horse. The merchant pays him for helping, and the thief keeps the horse in addition. Cf. Type 1540. (2) A man defecates by the side of a road and covers the pile with his hat. When a priest comes by, the man explains that he has caught a beautiful bird. He sells the 'bird' to the priest with the condition that he should not pick up the hat until the man is out of sight. After the man has left, the priest reaches under the hat to grasp the bird, and finds only a handful of feces [K1252].","Documented in Germany in the early 14th century (Neidhart with the Violet). In the 19th and 20th centuries, the tale has become purely humorous; some of its old motifs have disappeared and have been replaced by others from other anecdotes.","1085, 1384, 1530, 1535, 1539, 1540, 1540A*, and 1541."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1529,Thief as Donkey (previously Thief Claims to have been Transformed into a Horse),"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 136f. No. 406; Basset 1924ff. I, 491 No. 186; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 487; BP III, 9, 389�395; Schwarzbaum 1968, 29, 348�350, 445, 480; EM 3 (1981) 640�643 (M. Matietov); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1240; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 118.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1529*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 134; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 38, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Medder/Bakker 2001, No. 226; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 121a�b; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 1214; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 254, Hen�en 1955, No. 479, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 242, MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 257ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 192; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 33f.; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 170; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 83; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5308; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 265f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 341 III 3; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 424, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 424; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 15; US-American: Dodge 1987, No. 22; Mexican, Guatemalan, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. *1852; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 424, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A clever thief (student, beggar, traveling monk) steals a donkey (horse, mule, ox, cow) that had been tied up (to a tree or hedge, behind a wagon) or saddled or yoked. He leaves his companion in place of the stolen animal. The companion convinces the owner (farmer, minister, pilgrim) that he had been turned into the animal as a punishment for his sins (for cursing his father or mother). The period of his punishment is now over and he has become human again [K403]. The owner of the animal believes this and lets him go free (and often apologizes for having beaten or insulted him, and gives him hospitality or money). The owner goes to buy a new donkey at the market, where he finds his old animal. Believing that this is his acquaintance, the owner reproaches him for having sinned again, and refuses to buy the animal.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1529A*,The Exchange of Horses,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 177; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 69; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 253; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1979, No. 120, cf. Nos. 119, 121; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A gentleman agrees to exchange his good horse for the poor horse of a farmer, provided the farmer will eat its dung. The farmer does so and discovers valuables in the dung. (2) A gentleman (Englishman) agrees to give a farmer (Russian) a cow (his fortune) if the farmer will eat a frog. The farmer succeeds in eating half, and offers the other half to the gentleman to eat if he wants to keep the cow (the Russian fulfills the condition but the Englishman cannot; so he does not get back his fortune).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1529B*,Wolf-hunting Sheep,,"Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 200.",A farmer sells a gentleman (pope) a sheep (goat) which supposedly hunts wolves. The wolves devour the sheep.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1530,Holding up the Rock,"Bascom 1992, 114�136; Schmidt 1999; Hansen 2002, 197�201; EM: Tausch von Pseudot�tigkeiten (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Peuckert 1959, No. 215; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1530A; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 88; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1332*, B�rlea 1966 III, 495ff.; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1530A; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 351 III 5 (var. n), 352 (5); Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 72; Kabardin: Levin 1978, No. 32; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 170; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 83; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 175f.; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 46; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1530, cf. No. 1530A*; US-American: Dorson 1964, 187f.; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; African American: Baer 1980, 98f., 154; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 337, 339, 340; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Guianese: cf. Koch-Gr�nberg/Huppertz 1956, 175f., 177f.; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 90; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 21; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 31; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1934, Klipple 1992; Angolan, Namibian, Botswana, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 524; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.1525.","A dupe puts his shoulder under a huge rock (tree, stationary animal) and pretends to hold it up. He persuades a passer-by (fool, shepherd) to take his place (so he can go and get a drink of water) and then runs away with the passer-by's horse (belongings, animals) [K1251]. Cf. Types 9, 1528, and 1731.","In Africa and the Americas, the characters are usually animals.","34, 49A, 175, 1384, 1528, 1535, and 1542."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1530*,The Man and his Dogs,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 178; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, Nos. 452, 453; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 957; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 440; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 185; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 1530*, 1530A*; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 1530*A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 116; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1940*D; Tunisian: Jahn 1970, No. 43, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A man has two (three) dogs with peculiar names, e.g. 'Shepherd' and 'Get-the-Stick'. When the man calls his dogs, a thief (thieves) believes he has been discovered and will be beaten (caught) [J2493]. He runs away. Cf. Types 883C, 1641.",NA,"1383, 1791."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1531,Lord for a Day (previously The Man Thinks he has Been in Heaven),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 272ff. No. 155; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 580f.; Suits 1927; Schwarzbaum 1968, 225; EM 1 (1977) 1343�1346 (E. Frenzel); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 263.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 496; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Wehse 1979, No. 372; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 169; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1531A; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 131; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 256, Rehermann 1977, 303f. No. 50, Moser-Rath 1984, 242, 288, 291; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 202, MNK VII B, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 368; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: K�nos 1905, No. 25; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1951, No. 20; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 8; Jordanian: Jahn 1970, No. 49.","A rich man (ruler) orders that a drunken farmer (a merchant who has been drugged into sleep) be brought into his house. He dresses him in fine clothes and feeds him well (and lets him perform the rich man's duties). After a day (an hour, three years) the farmer is taken in his sleep back to his old house. He thinks he has been in heaven (has dreamed it all. He is no longer satisfied with his old position) [J2322]. Cf. Types 944, 1313A*, 1526.","Documented in the tale The Sleeper Awakened in the Arabian Nights (III, 454�456). Literary treatments cf. Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew (1595); Gerhart Hauptmann, Schluck und Jau (1900).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1532,The Voice from the Grave,EM: Stimme aus dem Grab (forthcoming).,"Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, No. 27, Cardigos (forthcoming); Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 18; US-American: cf. Baker 1986, No. 219; Spanish-American: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1532*A; Egyptian, Tunisian, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1223; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos.2.3.67, 2.3.1532.","Two swindlers hear of a wealthy man who has died recently. One of them takes the dead man's place and is buried (hides near the grave). The other finds the relatives of the dead man and tells them that the man had borrowed a large amount of money from him. Asking that they repay the money, he suggests that they verify the debt by asking the dead man. They do so and the confederate answers from his hiding place that the debt must be paid [K451.5, K1974]. The swindler who takes the money goes away, leaving his confederate still buried in the ground. Cf. Type 1676.",NA,1654.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1533,The Wise Carving of the Fowl [H601],"W�nsche 1897; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 499�503, 582, II, 645�647; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 399; BP II, 359�361; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 58; HDM 2 (1934�40) 375f.; Spies 1952, 40f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 40, 446f., 474; Tubach 1969, No. 4187; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxii; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 90; Hasan-Rokem 2000, 67�87; EM: Teilung: Die sinnreiche T. des Huhns (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 179; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1533*; Norwegian: cf. Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 191ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 263, Moser-Rath 1984, 285, 289; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1533, and app.; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 51, MNK VII B, No. 1533, cf. No. 1533B*; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 63; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 202; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4664, cf. I, No. 3010; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 183ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 319; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 375, cf. No. 472, El-Shamy 2004; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Filipino: Fansler 1921, 63, 253, 351; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A poor man (farmer, clever man) brings his master (ruler) a chicken (dove, goose, etc.) as a present. The master asks him to divide the bird appropriately among the members of his household. The poor man gives the master the head and his wife the neck, because the head and the neck belong together (the wife the rump, because she sits at home, or the heart). He gives the two sons the legs, because they work outside the house to support the household, and the two daughters the wings, because they will fly away. He takes the body for himself. The master rewards him well for his wisdom. Cf. Type 875. Sometimes the tale continues: A neighbor hears of the poor man's good fortune. He brings the master a present of five chickens along with rice. When he is asked to divide these appropriately he cannot do so, and he is beaten. (2) Sometimes as a conclusion to the version above: A master asks the poor man to divide (these) five chickens (other birds) among the members of his household. The poor man gives the master and his wife one bird, to make three. Likewise he gives one to the two sons and one to the two daughters. Finally he takes the last two for himself, to make another set of three. Cf. Type 1663.",Documented in the 7th century in the Midrasch Echa rabbati.,"875, 875A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1533A,Hog's Head Divided According to Scripture,"Basset 1924ff. I, No. 161; Schwarzbaum 1968, 447; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxii not. 106; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1035.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 180�182; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 382; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 491, 515, 571, 572; Dutch: Geldof 1979, 200f., Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 182, 377; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 126, 128; German: Zender 1935, Nos. 76, 77, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 79, cf. No. 76, Berger 2001, No. 1533A*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 109, 177; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 265, 278; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 238�240; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 84; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5603, cf. I, No. 3188; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1533A*; Greek: Ranke 1972, No. 76; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian: cf. SUS; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, Nos. 1533A, 1533A*; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A clergyman, a sexton, and a schoolmaster (three students) want to divide a roasted pig (a pig's head) among themselves. The criterion for the division is their skill in quoting Scripture. The minister cuts off an ear and says, 'So Peter cut off an ear from the servant of the high priest.' The sexton cuts the head off the pig (the second ear) and says, 'So was the head of John the Baptist cut off' ('and they gave him a box on the ear'). The schoolmaster considers for a long time. Finally he spreads a cloth and puts the rest of the pig (head) on it and says, 'And then they took the holy body away.' [J1242.1]. In some variants, three monks find a single egg and agree that it should go to the one who gives the most appropriate quote from the Bible. The first says, 'Purify it from the shell of falsehood.' The second says, 'Sprinkle it with the salt of wisdom.' The third says, 'Come in to praise the Lord!' and eats the egg. Cf. Type 1626.",This anecdote goes back to the apocryphal Historia Jeschuae Nazareni.,"1626, 1741, and 1847*."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1533B,The Third Egg,"Wesselski 1908, No. 19; Perry 1960, 153�155; Schwarzbaum 1968, 446f.; Pearce 1973; McGrady 1978.","English: Hazlitt 1881 I, 62f., Baughman 1966, No. 1533B*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1533B*; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 119, Moser-Rath 1984, No. 44; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 164, MNK VII C, No. 1663*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; US-American: Randolph 1958, 159; African American: cf. Dance 1978, No. 548; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 2411.","A farmer's son who is studying philosophy (medicine) has returned home. One day two eggs (fowls, pancakes) are served for dinner. In order to show off his education, he explains that these are not two but three: 'This is one, that makes two, and together they are three.' His father refrains from contradicting him. He takes one egg for himself, gives the second to his wife, and invites his son to eat the third egg [J1539.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1533C,The Clever Division of the Herd,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 236f.","Dutch: Zweerde 1981, 35; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1579A*; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 124; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 291; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1579A�*1579D; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 93f.; Iranian: Bulatkin 1965, 64ff.; US-American: Shannon 1985, No. 12.","A man (farmer, Turk, Arab) leaves his three sons (nephews, farmhands) a total of 17 cows (horses, camels, coins) to be divided as follows: the oldest son is to have half; the middle son, one third; and the youngest, one ninth. They are unable to solve this problem until a bystander adds one of his own animals to the herd. From 18 animals, each son can take his proper inheritance, and then the bystander takes his own animal back [J1249].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1534,Series of Clever Unjust Decisions,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 172f. No. 448; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 578; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 515; Ranke 1955b, 55�58; Sofer 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 252�254; Schwarzbaum 1979, 565; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 413; Vasil�eva 1989; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 454; EM: Schemjaka: Die Urteile des S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 183; Livonian: L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 85; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 13; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1173; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 117, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 891*A, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 376, 2400; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: M�llenhoff 1845, No. 526, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 209, Moser-Rath 1984, 291; Italian: cf. Keller 1963, 42ff., Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 25; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 205, MNK VII B; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. II, No. 51, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 258, 264; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 88, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 47; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 43, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 293, 326, 332; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3211; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 191ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 296; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 128, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 56; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 64; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, No. 95; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 42; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 534ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 17, Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 19, Arnold 1994, No. 31; Palestinian: Campbell 1954, 40ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, Nos. 18, 28; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: Hoffmann 1965, No. 37; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 324ff.; Filipino: Fansler 1965, No. 5; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 184; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1535**B; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1535*A; North African: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 398, El-Shamy 1980, No. 54, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 112, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 54; Moroccan: Dermenghem 1945, 81ff., Laoust 1949, No. 70, Nowak 1969, No. 398, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(The Decisions of Shemjaka.) A poor man (merchant, baker) causes a series of accidents: He pulls off the tail of a (borrowed) horse (one of two oxen that he has borrowed dies). The owner sues him. The poor man flees into a house and frightens (hits) a pregnant woman so that she miscarries. Or a woman invites him in out of the rain, and he sits on her sofa and accidentally kills her child. Her husband (the woman) sues him as well. Out of desperation, the poor man jumps from a high tower (bridge) and kills a passer-by [N320, N330], whose brother (other relative) sues him. The injured parties bring the poor man before a judge. The judge decides as follows [J1173]: The poor man should keep the borrowed horse until its tail grows back. He should impregnate the mother with another child (and her husband should hit her again, to give her another miscarriage). Her husband rejects this settlement and withdraws his suit. (In some variants, he has to pay a fine to the poor man.) The brother (other relative) of the killed man should jump from the tower upon the poor man in order to kill him. He also withdraws his suit. (In some variants he also has to pay a fine to the poor man.). (The poor man leaves with the horse and his settlements.) Some variants have a frame tale: The judge persuades a baker (merchant) to give him a goose (duck) that belongs to someone else. He promises to protect him if the owner of the goose accuses him of theft. Then as above. Cf. Types 926C.",The episodes of this type also appear individually or in other sequences. Cf. also the judgment of Solomon in Types 926ff.,"1660, 1861A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1534A,The Innocent Man Condemned to Death (previously The Innocent Man Chosen to Fit the Stake [Noose]),"Schwarzkopf 1968, 250, 253; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 722.","Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 170; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 246ff.; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Jahn 1970, No. 37, El-Shamy 2004; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Egyptian, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A holy man and his disciple come to a city where the king and all his ministers are fools, and where all kinds of food are sold for the same price [J342.1.1, X1503.3]. The holy man leaves at once and warns his disciple to do so too, but the disciple stays despite the warning [N347.7]. A thief tries to break into a house at night but is killed when the wall collapses (he puts his eye out on a projecting stick). The householder is called before the king and sentenced to death (to have his eye put out). The householder, however, blames the mason who built the wall who, in turn, blames the man who supplied the mortar, etc. , until finally one man is found who is too stupid to find someone else to blame. He is condemned to death [J2233]. The owner explains that he needs both his eyes for his work, but his neighbor, who is a hunter, needs only one. The hunter says he really needs both eyes, but his neighbor, who is a musician, always closes his eyes when he plays, etc. The king decrees that one of his eyes be put out. Cf. Type 978. The condemned man is too thin to fit the stake (noose). The disciple is chosen to be executed in his place [N178.2]. The holy man returns and announces that he has discovered that the next man to be executed will go directly to heaven [K841.1, J1189.3]. The king leaps upon the stake himself [K842.4, K843]. Cf. Type 980*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1534A*,Barber Substituted for Smith at Execution,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 252f.; Marzolph 1987a, No. 138.","English: Zall 1963, 11f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 712; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Knoop 1893, 221 No. 20, Moser-Rath 1984, 200, 287, 289, 291; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, No. 272; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 55, Kov�cs 1966, No. 8, Kov�cs 1988, No. 228, MNK VI, No. 1283*V; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 86; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; US-American: Jackson/McNeil 1985, 48, 122f.","A smith commits a crime and is condemned to death. The villagers complain to the judge (mayor) that they cannot manage without the smith. They ask him to execute a barber instead, because they have two of those [J2233.1.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1534D*,Sham Dumb Man Wins Suit,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 425; Schwarzbaum 1968, 62; Schwarzbaum 1980, 278; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 814.","Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 229, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 289, 389, 440, Tomkowiak 1993, 270; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 136, Kov�cs 1988, 219; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 422; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4800; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1534D; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 94, Jason 1965; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 279f.","A trickster (farmer) (carrying a tall tree) calls to a (rich) man to get out of the way. The man refuses and the trickster overturns his wagon (tears his clothes). The rich man brings him before a magistrate. The trickster pretends to be mute (is too afraid to speak). The angry plaintif protests that the man is not dumb, and that he had given him a loud warning. Thus the plaintif loses his case, because he did not heed the man's warning [K1656].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1534E*,Good Decision,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 193; Scheiber 1985, 391; Raskin 1992, 13�44.","Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1583*; German: Peuckert 1959, 141, 205, Neumann 1968b, No. 193; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3319; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1534E*; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 22, Richman 1954, 24f., Landmann 1973, 118; Uzbek: Stein 1981, No. 174; US-American: Raeithel 1996, 7f.","Two men bring their argument before a judge. The judge hears one side of the case and decides that it is right. Then he hears the other side and decides that it too is right. When someone complains that both sides cannot be right, the judge says, 'You are right too.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1534Z*,Other Absurd Decisions,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 252; Fabula 25 (1984) 90; Wacke 1999; EM 11,1 (2003) 406�418 (C. Shojaei Kawan).","Irish: u� �g�in 1995, 130ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1534D; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1534E; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1534***; Russian: SUS, No. 1534**; Jewish: Jason 1988a, No. 1534*B; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1534X�; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1534B�; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1534E*, 1534F*, 1534G*; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1534B�, 1534X�.",(Including the previous Types 1534B* and 1534C*.) Miscellaneous type with diverse variants.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1535,The Rich and the Poor Farmer,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 245ff. No. 147; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 91f., 230�255; Wesselski 1911 II, Nos. 388�391; BP II, 1�18, III, 188�193, 389�395; Wesselski 1925, No. 27; M�ller 1934; Roberts 1964, 69�73; Krzyanowski 1965, 415f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 5, 80, 442, 457; Beyer 1969, 73�79; Peeters 1970; Suchomski 1975, 106�110; Takehara 1977; Nicolaisen 1980; Schwarzbaum 1980, 279; Wolterbeek 1985; La Placa 1985f.; Wells 1988; Dekker et al. 1997, 154f.; Verfasserlexikon 10 (1994) 80�85 (B. K. Vollmann); Schmidt 1999; EM 10 (2002) 885; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 353; EM: Unibos (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 162, 184�187, 200, 272; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 297, 298; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 49, II, No. 53, IV, No. 35, B�dker 1964, No. 23, Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 2; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 64, Briggs 1970f. A I, 324f, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 22; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966; French: Carnoy 1885, No. 7, Tegethoff 1923 II, 97ff., Joisten 1971 I, No. 39; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 201�203, II, 487, 488, 546, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 143; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 914; German: Jenssen 1963, 33�38, Moser-Rath 1984, 33, 232, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 61, cf. III, No. 146, Berger 2001, No. 1535A; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. XIV, 37, Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 125; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1535, and app.; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 9, 106; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Karlinger 1979, No. 53; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 144ff., Kl�mov� 1966, Nos. 65�67; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 98, 143, II, Nos. 352, 389, 473, 540, 575; Slovene: Krinik 1874, 2ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 109, 110, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 259; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, Nos. 57, 58; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000, 3321, II, No. 5004, cf. I, No. 3001; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 105ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 351 III 2, cf. Nos. 77 IV, 176 IV 6, 265 (2�4), 274, 352 (6); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 289, 290, 292, 294; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 391, cf. No. 390; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 87ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 57; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 122, 143, 156; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 649; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 247; Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 1929, No. 5; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 1, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 99; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 419ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, 10. 22; Spanish-American: TFSP 24 (1951) 128�132, 28 (1958) 154�156, Robe 1973; Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, No. 23; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 391, cf. No. 390, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1535, 1635, 5�8, Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.67, 2.3.75, 2.3.79, 2.3.1525, 2.3.1655.","(Unibos.) This tale often begins with one of the following episodes: (1) The family of a poor man (farmer) kills their only cow (two oxen) and uses all their flour to bake bread. They invite all the villagers to a big dinner. The family waits in vain for a return invitation from the guests. (2) A rich man kills his poor brother's only horse, and gives him its skin. Main part: The poor man goes to the city to sell the cowhide (oxhide, horsehide). During the night he discovers the innkeeper's wife with her lover and threatens to expose them. They bribe him not to tell. Or, a merchant believes that the poor man's sacks of refuse contain valuables. The merchant takes the sacks, and in return leaves his goods for the poor man. Back at home, the poor man tells his rich brother (the villagers) that he received all the money for the animal hide (the refuse). The brother (villagers) kills all his cattle in order to sell their hides, and impoverishes himself (tries to sell refuse and is beaten). In some variants the rich man is angry and tries to kill his brother, but instead he kills an old relative (dead man) who is lying in his place in bed. The poor man takes the corpse away, and convinces an innocent man that he killed the person. This man bribes the poor man not to tell. Then the poor man claims that he had sold the corpse. Cf. Types 1536C, 1537. The rich man kills all his relatives, hoping to sell their corpses. He is put in prison and set free after he serves his sentence. Still angry, he tries to drown his brother. The poor brother, confined in a sack (chest), finds a passer-by (shepherd, rich lord) who is willing to trade places with him. After this person has been thrown into the water, the poor man comes back to the village with the sheep (horse, riches) and claims he found them under the water. The jealous rich man (the villagers) jumps into the water and drowns. Cf. Types 1539, 1737.","Traced to Versus de Unibove of the 10th�11th century, and popular since the 15th century (Sercambi, De bono fatto).","1539, 1653, and also 326, 613, 650A, 841, 954, 1000, 1004, 1030, 1060, 1119, 1120, 1202, 1203, 1210, 1358A�1358C, 1525�1542, 1590, 1642, 1650, 1651, 1681�1696, 1725, 1737, 1875, 1920, and 1960D."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1536,Disposing of the Corpse,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 188; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen/Rom 1884, 143ff.; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; German: Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1536, and app.; Czech: Jech 1961, No. 50; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 497, 585; Bulgarian: BFP; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 69; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 20, V, No. 5, IX, No. 9; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",The motif of having to get rid of a corpse [K2151] appears in a series of different narratives. It has different results depending on its situation in the tale. This type combines episodes particularly from types 1536A and 1537.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1536A,The Woman in the Chest,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 190; Taylor 1917, 225f.; Suchier 1922; Dekker et al. 1997, 142�144; EM 1 (1977) 369�373 (K. Roth).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 188�190; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 298, 302(1); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 54, III, No. 63, Kristensen 1897a, No. 15, Holbek 1990, No. 42; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. K2321; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 15; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 176; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 698, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 183; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wisser 1922f. I, 29ff., Ranke 1966, No. 52; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 19, 27, 36; Ladinian: Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 123; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 437ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 9, II, Nos. 446, 583; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 60; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5728; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K2152; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1537A; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 96�98; African American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 195, 196; Argentine: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 125.","A poor brother (neighbor, sexton) steals a hog (cow, food) from his rich brother (neighbor, clergyman). The rich man suspects his brother, but wants to be certain, so he hides his mother-in-law (mother, wife, cook) in a chest (cupboard) in his brother's house to spy. Cf. Type 1360C. The woman confirms the rich man's suspicion and cries out (curses, makes noise). The poor brother opens the chest, strangles the woman (kills her in some other way), and puts some food (cheese, meat, sausage, bread) in her mouth. The rich brother opens the chest, sees that the woman is dead, and thinks she has suffocated. He wants to keep her death secret and bribes the poor brother not to tell any one and to bury her. Later, the poor brother digs her up at night (keeping some of her valuables) and sets her body at his brother's door, where it falls over when the door is opened in the morning. The rich brother thinks the corpse has returned to haunt him [K2151, K2321]. Cf. Type 1537. He pays his poor brother more money to bury the corpse again (often three or four times), but it turns up in the barn, close to the well, on a foal that follows the rich man, etc. The poor man gets so much money (cattle, provisions) for reburying the body that he becomes as rich as (richer than) his brother.",Documented in the 19th�20th century. The second part has affinities with a number of old French fabliaux.,"1535, 1537, 1735A, and 1792."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1536B,The Three Hunchback Brothers Drowned,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 72 No. 38, IX, 88; Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 19; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 19; Pillet 1901; Taylor 1917, 221�246; BP III, 485f.; Espinosa 1936; Schwarzbaum 1968, 58, 91, 454; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 199�209; Morin 1974, No. 1089; EM 2 (1979) 980�987 (K. Roth).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 191, 192; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 300, 302; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 361; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1601; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. K1551.1; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K1551.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1551.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 438, 439, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 282, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 32; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1536B, and app.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 440ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 585; Slovene: Planinski 1891f. II, 1ff.; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 319ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3473, II, No. 5724; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 127f., 219ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 264; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 17; MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 348, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Littmann 1957, 373ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 60, Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1919, No. 88, Barbeau/Lanctot 1931, No. 159; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 348, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","There are two parts to this tale. The first part exists in two forms, but the second part is largely the same. (1) Three hunchbacked musicians are asked by the wife of another hunchbacked man to play some music. (One of the three hunchbacked brothers marries a rich widow, and his poor brothers visit her uninvited.) The husband unexpectedly comes home. The musicians hide in a chest (oven, cellar), where they die [N320] (kill each other). (2) Three monks (clergymen, knights, students) court a beautiful woman. On the advice of her husband, she invites them to visit her. The visit of the first lover is interrupted by that of the second, etc. , and they hide in a chest (oven, cellar). The third lover hides when the husband arrives. The husband kills them in their hiding place [K1551.1]. Cf. Type 1730. A drunken man (stupid farmhand, farmer, porter, undertaker, beggar, soldier, the devil) is employed to dump one of the dead bodies into the river (to bury it). When he returns, he finds the second body in the same place as if it had come back from the dead, and then the third. After he gets rid of all three bodies, he meets the hunchbacked husband (another monk, clergyman, knight) and, thinking that this is another revenant, kills him and dumps him into the river (buries him) also. Cf. Type 1537.","Documented in the early 13th century (Mishl� Sendebar and the fabliaux Les trois bossus m�nestrels, Estormi und Les quatre prestres).","1535, 1539, and 1730."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1536C,The Murdered Lover,"Taylor 1917, 226; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 500; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1537; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1380, 1536C; Karelian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1380, 1537; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1380, 1536C, 1537; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3467; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 248, Russian: Krypt�dia 1 (1883) 240�245, 249; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1536C, 1537; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1537; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1380, 1537; Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1537; Georgian: Dirr 1920, No. 14, Dolidze 1956, 356ff.; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 96; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 61; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.1655, 3.2.1536C.","A woman wants to meet her lover without her husband's knowledge. She asks a neighbor (God, saint) for advice, and is told (by her husband hiding in the church or behind the saint's picture) that she should give her husband a particular food that will make him blind (and deaf). She does so and he pretends to be blind. When the wife receives her lover, her husband finds an opportunity to kill him (and puts some food in his mouth to make it look as if he choked on it). Cf. Type 1380. The husband brings the body of the lover back home (to a shop, inn) and asks in a disguised voice if he may come in. The wife (the shopkeeper) thinks her husband (a drunk) is at the door, and tells him to spend the night with his mistress (to go home). The woman refuses to open the door even when the man says he will die (hang himself). The husband leans the corpse against the door (hangs it on the door). In some variants the woman (repeatedly) has the body delivered to another place where it is 'killed' again by someone else (thief, etc.). Cf. Types 1535, 1537.",This type is a combination of Types 1380 and 1537.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1537,The Corpse Killed Five Times,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, No. 105; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 65, III, 164; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 438; BP II, 1�18; Taylor 1917; Suchier 1922; Espinosa 1936; Schwarzbaum 1968, 185; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 210�216; EM 8 (1996) 902�907 (K. Roth); Schmidt 1999; Schneider 1999a 167; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 23, 504.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 190, 193, 194; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 298, 299; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 360; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 59, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 45, Kristensen 1898, No. 28; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 36, Meyrac 1890, 434ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 162; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 201�203, II, No. 348, 349, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 100; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1537C; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 251, Brednich 1990, 141f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 191, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 33, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 44; Hungarian: MNK VII B, No. 1537, cf. No. 1537A*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 9, II, Nos. 446, 497, 540, 585; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 255ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000, 3467, 3472; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 267ff.; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 207ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 248, Simonides 1987, 271; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 351 III 2a, 359 III 3�9 (var. g), 368 (3); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 288, 292�294; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1537, 1537A, Jason 1989; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 686; Indonesian: cf. Vries 1925f. II, 411 No. 278; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 420ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1537**C, 1537**J; Dominican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957, Nos. 1537, 1537**E, 1537**G, 1537**I; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957, Nos. 1537**D, 1537**H; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 89; Cape Verdian: cf. Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 26*, 26a*; Ghanaian: Schott 2001, 428f.; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 351; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.1537.","A certain woman's lover (often a clergyman or a monk) is killed by her angry husband, or a man (clergyman, occasionally a woman) is killed by accident (on purpose, is murdered). The wife (married couple, bystanders, murderer) secretly leaves the body by the neighbors' door. The neighbor thinks it is a robber (adulterer) and 'kills' it again. To cover up this murder, the neighbor takes the body to a monastery (and puts it in the abbot's room, or on a toilet), where it is 'killed' again because it will not speak [K2152]. This 'murderer' puts the body into a sack and throws it into the river. Fishermen find it and hang it in a shop (put it in a boat or on a sledge, or tie it on a horse and drive it into a field or into a crockery shop), and the shopkeeper 'kills'' it again [K2151]. Cf. Type 1536C. Often the trickster (the first murderer) blackmails the subsequent 'murderers' for not exposing their 'murders'. Cf. Type 1536A.","Documented in the 13th century. Popular in literary and oral versions since the 15th century, and as a modern legend in the 20th century.","1000, 1013, 1380, 1525D, 1535, 1536A, 1536B, 1537*, 1539, 1643, 1653, 1792, and 1875."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1537*,Corpse's Legs Left,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A soldier finds a corpse and cuts off its legs. He stays overnight with a rich farmer, and goes away early the next morning leaving the legs. A comrade of the soldier accuses the farmer of murder and blackmails him [K2152.2].",NA,1537.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1538,The Revenge of the Cheated Man (previously The Youth Cheated in Selling Oxen),"Chauvin 1892ff VII, 150f. No. 430, VIII, 136f. No. 133; BP III, 393�395; Schwarzbaum 1968, 17, 63, 64, 443, 455; Julov 1970; Gurney 1972; Jason 1979; Schwarzbaum 1980, 279; Noegel 1996; EM 11,1 (2003) 149�153 (H. Lox); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 376.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 195; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 301; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 144; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 15, Levinsen/B�dker 1958, No. 31; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Cosquin 1886f. II, No. 81, Lambert 1899, No. 33, Joisten 1971 II, No. 132; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 37, 192, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 333�337, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, No. 30; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 476�482, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 124 No. 99; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1538, and app.; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 39, 96; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 112, Cammann 1973, 294ff.; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 127, MNK VII B, Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 141ff.; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 260; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3301; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 66; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 942; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 24; Armenian: Levin 1982, No. 18; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 130ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 9; Palestinian, Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 70; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 18, Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 27; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 80; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 8; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965, No. 71, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A youth (farmer, fool) goes to the market to sell cattle (fowl, eggs). On the way he meets a trickster (monk, robber, landlord, judge) who convinces him that his cattle are not worth very much. He sells (is compelled to sell) them for a very low price [K132]. Cf. Type 1551. The youth resolves to revenge himself on the trickster. He disguises himself as a beggar-woman (bride, carpenter, woodcutter, builder) and tricks him so that the trickster lets himself be tied to a tree [K713.1] and the youth is able to beat him. The trickster goes to get medical help. The youth disguises himself as a doctor and beats him again (in a monastery, bathhouse, robbers' den) [K1825.1.3]. In the end the youth takes his cattle back and also gets some money. In some variants, instead of one trickster, the youth takes revenge on many (seven, twelve, forty).","Documented in an Akkadian version from 711 B.C.E., The Poor Man of Nippur.","1525A, 1535, 1539, and 1551."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1538*,The Jester as Bride,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 501; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 368; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 114ff., Konkka 1963, No. 67; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Macedonian: cf. Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 44; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A witty fellow (trickster) dresses himself in his sister's clothes and works as a servant girl (employee) to a clergyman (master). The son of a rich man (mayor) choses him as his bride and prefers him to the priest's daughters, because only he is able to pass a test of feminity (is the cleverest of the girls). On the wedding night a rope is tied to the 'bride's' leg. He frees himself, ties a goat (ram) to the end of the rope, and goes away. Then he returns wearing his own clothes and demands compensation for his sister's having been turned into a goat. In some variants the bridegroom discovers that his bride is a man and leaves town. The groom's parents bribe the 'servant girl' not to tell what happened. Cf. Type 1542.",NA,"1535, 1539."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1539,Cleverness and Gullibility,"Cf. Wesselski 1911 II, No. 391; Dekker et al. 1997, 204�206; EM 8 (1996) 1104�1108 (A. Sch�ne); Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 377.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 192, 196�200; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 262, 302, 304(6), 305, 316(3); Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 277; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1260, 1539; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 36, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 46; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 39; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Ehrentreich 1938, No. 59, cf. Baughman 1966, Nos. 1539A, 1539B, Briggs 1970f. A II, 129f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 3, Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 59; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 487, 488, 546, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1539, cf. No. 1539C; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 917; German: Plenzat 1927, Hen�en 1935, Nos. 187, 204, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 61, III, No. 146; Ladinian: Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, Nos. 122, 125; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 74; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 154ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 389, 575; Slovene: Tomai 1942, 157ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 261�263, Eschker 1992, No. 104; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 89; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3006, 3312, 4581; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 69, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 274 V, 351 III (5�6), 351 IV 3; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 32, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 38; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 25, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 289; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, Nos. 22, 23, Unbescheid 1987, No. 34; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 411 No. 279, Kratz 1978, No. 14; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 78; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 112; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 413, 419ff., Robe 1973; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 99�103; US-American: cf. Baughman 1966, No. 1539A; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan, Panamanian: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 358, 359, Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, Nos. K111.1, K112.1; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 86ff., 379ff.; Cuban, Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 81; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 411, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 452�454; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1635.23, Grobbelaar 1981.","Three students (butchers, rascals) convince a farmer (fool, trickster) that his cow (donkey, mule, ox) is a goat (hen, donkey), so he sells the animal cheaply [K132]. (In variants from southern and eastern Europe, the farmer is persuaded to cut off the animal's horns, ears, and tail in order to get a better price.) The farmer pays in advance at three inns and invites the students to eat with him. Instead of paying, he turns his hat around three times (hits it on the table, throws it on the floor, rings a bell), and the innkeeper says that the bill has been settled. The students buy the hat for a high price. When they try to use it, they discover the trick [K111.2]. (Variants from central Europe end here.) When the students come back for revenge, the farmer pretends to be dead. His wife (occasionally the students) revives him with a stick [K113.4]. (Or, the farmer ties a skin filled with blood under his wife's clothes and pretends to kill her.) He revives her with a 'magic wand' (flute, violin, knife), which he sells to the students. The students kill their wives (mothers) but cannot revive them. They put the farmer into a sack (cask) to be drowned, but he trades places with a herdsman who comes by. By pretending to have found the herd of cattle on the bottom of the sea, the farmer induces his greedy adversaries to jump into the water. Cf. Type 1535. In variants from southern and eastern Europe, after the introduction in which the animal is mutilated, the farmer puts coins in the anus of his donkey (horse, cow) or mixes them with its dung. He sells the animal as a gold-producer [K111.1] (and says that the animal must remain in its stall for two weeks or forty days. The animal dies.). In some versions, the farmer sells his adversaries supposedly-wonderful objects, e.g. a messenger rabbit [K131.1], a pot that cooks by itself [K112.1], a pick that locates gold, a rifle that always hits its mark, or a self-propelled sled. Or the farmer promises to teach them to speak Latin and cuts their tongues off [K1068.2]. Some variants end with the farmer buried alive. When his adversaries come to rob the grave, he brands them [K911.1] or cuts off their genitals (noses).","This episodic humerous tale is composed of various popular, interchangeable scenes (which often belong to Type 1535), and therefore the type does not have well-defined limits.","1535, 1551, and also 1000, 1004, 1240, 1382, 1525A, 1525D, 1528, 1542, 1685, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1539A*,Closing Up the Wine Cask,,"Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 105; English: Wardroper 1970, No. 18; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 122, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1415, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 250; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1539A*; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 2, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 21, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 162; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, 175f.; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 315f.; US-American: cf. Randolph 1955, 78f.","A master (landlord) makes up a pretext to send a boy (a farmer) who has offended him to the wine cellar, where the servant is supposed to give him a beating. When the boy sees the servant, he pulls the bung out of the wine cask so that the servant has to use his thumb to close it up. The boy beats him up and runs away, taking bacon (sausage), bread, and a jug of wine with him. Cf. Type 921D*. In some variants, a guest tries to cheat an innkeeper (leaves without paying his bill) who has boasted to him that such a thing had never happened to her. He tells her that he can draw both red and white (any kind of) wine from the same cask. He bores two holes in one cask and tells her to stop them with her thumbs while he goes upstairs to get a glass (some glasses). He leaves and does not come back, so the innkeeper has to wait until her husband comes to rescue her.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1540,The Student from Paradise (Paris),"Clouston 1888, 204�217; Stiefel 1891; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 383f.; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 50; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 305; Aarne 1915; BP II, 440�451; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 463; Lengyel 1962; Schwarzbaum 1968, 405, 483; Tekinay 1980, 193�195; Dekker et al. 1997, 354�357; EM: Student aus dem Paradies (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 201�203, 392; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 263, 308, 330; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 276; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 29, Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 46, Kristensen 1897a, No. 2; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 131ff.; French: Cosquin 1886f. I, No. 22, Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 30g; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 343, Cardigos (forthcoming); Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 2; Dutch: Duyse 1903ff. II, 1155ff., III, 2737, Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 141; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 917; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 378f., 424, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 104, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 77; Ladinian: Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 131; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 40; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 169, MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 404ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 207, 263, 301, II, No. 520; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 164ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 104, Karadi 1937, No. 28, Eschker 1992, No. 97; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 223ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3009, 3746, 3747, 3870, cf. No. 3763; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1540, cf. No. *1540***; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 199ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 331 III 2f, 339; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 15; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 97, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. J2326, K346.1, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 29; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 411 No. 284, Coster-Wijsman 1929, 73; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 104; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 77, 82; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, 114, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3351; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A student (beggar, traveler, clergyman) tells a (foolish) woman that he comes from Paris. She understands this to be Paradise. (Or, he sings, 'I come from heaven,' or says he comes from the beyond or is a messenger from hell). The wife tells him that her husband (son) died shortly before. The student claims to have met him in paradise (hell) and tells her that her husband needs certain things. The wife gives the student money (clothes, food, horse, etc.) to take to her husband [J2326]. The oldest son (brother-in-law, husband) goes after the trickster to retrieve the money. The trickster steals his horse (the son runs his own horse to death) [K341.9.1]. Cf. Type 1540A*.",Documented in Latin at the end of the 15th century.,"1245, 1285, 1382, 1384, 1385, 1541, and also 1200, 1210, 1383, 1386, 1387, 1408, 1450, 1528, 1535, 1539, 1540A*, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1540A*,Lady Sends Pig as Wedding Hostess,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 175; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 343, 714, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Berger 2001, No. 1540A**; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1540A*, *1540A1; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3009A; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat, Mongol: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 1540A.",A trickster (farmer) tells a foolish woman (lady) that he has come to invite her hog to a wedding. She puts a gold necklace on the hog and lets him take it. (She also gives him a horse and coach to transport the animal.) In some variants her husband sets out after the man hoping to retrieve the hog. The trickster manages to steal his horse [K341.9.1]. Cf. Type 1540.,Documented in Russia in the 18th century.,"1384, 1540, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1541,For the Long Winter,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 341f.; BP I, 520�528, II, 205f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 203f.; EM: Winter: F�r den langen W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 204; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 263, 302(13), 309; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 29, Kristensen 1900, No. 1, Christensen 1941, No. 3; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 125, 310ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 104f., 116ff., 310ff.; French: Hoffmann 1973; Spanish: Espinosa 1988 II, Nos. 338, 339; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 719, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 82; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 1214; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 97, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 59, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 77; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 404ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 207, 301; Slovene: Krinik 1874, 8f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3742, cf. II, No. 5751; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 218ff.; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 163ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 332 III 1, 333 III 1 (var. j); Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 415, 417, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 71; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 41; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 34; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 417f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 10f.; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 105; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 360; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 78; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 417, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A man (farmer) has accumulated a store of provisions (saved some money, good clothing, or a sausage). His stupid wife reproaches him with this, and he says that it is for the long winter (spring, emergencies, a good day). Later, when he is away, a trickster (beggar) comes to the woman and says (in answer to her question) that he is the long winter. (He greets her with 'Good day,' and she thinks that is his name.) The wife gives him the provisions [K362.1, J2460.1]. Cf. Types 1385*, 1463A*, and 1700.",Documented ca. 1400 in an Italian novella by Giovanni Sercambi (No. 63).,"1384, 1386, 1387, 1540, 1653, and also 563, 1204**, 1210, 1245, 1291, 1381B, 1383, 1450, 1528, 1539, 1540A*, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1541**,The Student Betrays the Shoemakers,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 311; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 174; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1525V*; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5406; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A student (Gypsy) orders the same kind of new shoes (boots) from two shoemakers. He tries on those of the first shoemaker and says that the left shoe needs adjustment, and keeps the right shoe. He goes to the second shoemaker and says that the right shoe needs adjustment, and keeps the left. He leaves town with one shoe from each shoemaker, without having paid for them.","Early treatment, see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 23).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1541***,"'Today for Money, Tomorrow for None' (previously 'Today for Money, Tomorrow for Money')",,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 205; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 315; Frisian: Kooi 1984a.","A barber (innkeeper) hangs out a sign, 'Today for money, tomorrow for none,' meaning that the shop is about to go out of business. Customers wait a day and think, they will not have to pay. The proprietor throws them out.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1542,The Clever Boy,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 278 No. 61, VI, 176 No. 335; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 15; Schwarzbaum 1980, 279; Schmidt 1999, No. 1542A; EM 10 (2001) 690�695 (M. van den Berg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 162, p. 504f.; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1525*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1642A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1542A; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 46, II, Nos. 74, 75, III, No. 97; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 68; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: cf. Bl�mml 1906, No. 42; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 319; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 269, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1535*A; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Wisser 1922f. I, 281ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 426; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 137; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 16, No. 13; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1332*, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3007, II, No. 4926, cf. No. 4927; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1542A; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1542**; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1542 II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 202 II 2 (var. a), II 3 (var. 6), 351, 364; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 245; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 36; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 50; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 170; Votyak: Munk�csi 1952, No. 81; Vogul/Mansi: Kannisto/Liimola 1951ff. III, No. 2; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 83; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 363; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 312ff.; Georgian: Papashvily/Papashvily 1946, 117ff.; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 125; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 58ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1542, 1542A; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 643; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1539, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 17; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 26, VI, No. 46; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 419ff.; US-American: Randolph 1955, 87f.; West Indies: Crowley 1966, No. 1542 IV; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese, Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 465; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, No. 1542 III.","(Including the previous Type 1542A.) The king challenges the trickster Peik (Eulenspiegel, Ab Nuws, Aldar Iwan, Nasreddin Hodja, Toba, etc.) to play a trick on him. Peik borrows the king's horse to go home and get his fooling sticks (book of lies, trickster's secrets). Instead of coming back, he sells the horse [K341.8.1]. (Previously Type 1542A.) Cf. Type 1525B. When next he meets the king, Peik sells the king a cooking pot that is supposed to cook without fire [K112.1]. Later, Peik pretends to stab his sister, who has hidden a blood-filled bladder under her clothes. He 'revives' her with a supposedly-magic flute, which he sells to the king [K113]. Cf. Type 1539. The king kills one of his daughters but cannot revive her with the flute [J2401]. Peik wears his sister's clothes and is engaged as a lady-in-waiting in the king's court. A prince wants to marry him, but Peik flees on the wedding night. (He is found to be responsible for the pregnancy of the princess [K1321.1]). Cf. Type 1538*. Peik is sentenced to death and is to be drowned in a sack (cask). He tricks someone else into taking his place [K842]. The king forgives Peik and makes him his son-in-law [L161]. Cf. Types 1535, 1539.","This episodic humerous tale is composed of various popular, interchangeable scenes, and therefore the tale does not have well-defined limits. The tale is often associated with a popular, named trickster. The episode of the stolen horse also exists independently.","1530, 1535, and 1539."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1542*,Sailor Substitute,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 199(5), 326(3); English: Wehse 1979, No. 121; Hungarian: cf. MNK VII B, No. 1542A**; Greek: Laogr�phia 11 (1934�37) 496�498, 19 (1961) 569�575; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 239.","A woman loves a sailor, but she will only kiss him in the dark. His captain hears about this, disguises himself as the sailor, and sleeps with the woman. The woman marries the sailor. He is surprised that his wife has a baby six months later. Cf. Type 1362A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1542**,The Maiden's Honor,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 277 No. 160; Legman 1968f. I, 141; cf. Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 78�80 (R. M. Kully); Hansen 2002, 251�255.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 206; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, 493f.; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1542*; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1543**; French: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1543**, EM 3 (1981) 786; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 641, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 364; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Loots 1985, 37f.; German: Anthropophyteia 4 (1907) 124, Ranke 1972, 112, 179, Moser-Rath 1984, 289; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovene: Anthropophyteia 6 (1909) 272f.; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 360f.; Macedonian: cf. Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 45; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 55, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Syrian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A mother tells her daughter to take care not to lose her honor (virginity). A tailor offers to 'sew up' the daughter's honor. In some variants, the tailor sleeps with the daughter (repeatedly), and then says he cannot sew her up because he does not have enough thread. She asks him, what about the spool(s) he has behind his needle (penis) [K1363].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1543,Not One Penny Less,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 54; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 353; BP I, 65�67; Schwarzbaum 1989, 329; EM 10 (2001) 906�909 (H. Lox).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 207; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 320; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1543*, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 325; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 210; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 7, Haiding 1977a, No. 25; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1542, and app.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 227, MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 422f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 269; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 41; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4561, 4565; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 123; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1618; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 130, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 418f.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 61; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 28f., 21 (1946) 97f.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1618; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A poor man (soldier, youth) prays to a saint's picture for a certain amount of money, promising to give back double that amount at the end of a month. The sexton overhears and, hoping for the large repayment, gives the poor man what he asked for. The sexton claims to be the messenger of the saint, but the poor man refuses to repay the money to him [K464]. (2) A poor man (journeyman, farmhand, sexton, trickster) asks God (a saint) for a certain sum of money, no more and no less. A rich man (master, gentleman, priest, Jew) tests him by giving him (as a joke) 99 (999) instead of 100 (1000) (gold) coins. The poor man accepts them, saying, 'Whoever gave me these will surely give me the last one too,' (he counts the value of the purse as the missing coin, adds a coin of his own). He refuses to pay back the money and makes blasphemous excuses (God is old and forgetful, or He cannot count) [J1473.1]. Often the tale continues: The lender goes to a judge in order to force the poor man to repay his money. Before the case is tried, the poor man tricks the lender out of his overcoat, shoes, and often his horse. Even the judge is tricked by the poor man, who makes the lender so suspicious that the judge thinks he must be insane. (Cf. Types 1525L, 1642A.) On his way home, the poor man meets someone who says he is the Son of God. The poor man demands that he give him the missing coin which his father had overlooked.","Version (2) goes back to Italian, Spanish, and English facetiae of the 15th and 16th centuries, to Baroque German jestbooks, and to 18th-century French literature.","1642, 1642A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1543*,The Man without a Member,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 152; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 222; Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 450f. (H.-J. Ziegeler); EM 10 (2001) 707�709 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 208, p. 505; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 391; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1543A*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; English: Wehse 1979, No. 116; French: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1543A*; Portuguese: cf. Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1424*A; Dutch: Volkskunde 19 (1907/08) 235; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1543*, 1543A*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 181; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 422f.; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 46; Russian: SUS, No. 1543A*; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1543*, 1543A*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1543A*, Randolph 1976, 15; West Indies: Parsons 1933ff. III, No. 356; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 54.","(Including the previous Type 1543A*.) A father (farmer) has a marriageable daughter who is ignorant about (afraid of) sex. He finds a husband for her who claims to have no penis. This man sleeps with her and entertains her with his 'curry-comb' ('comb' or some other word for his penis) so successfully that she becomes too demanding for him. He tells her that he does not have his curry-comb any more (he had only borrowed it and had to give it back, etc.). She gives him money (he borrows it from her) to go to the market and buy a new one [J1919.8]. After he leaves her (is sent away by her father because she became pregnant), she goes after him and asks him to leave her his curry-comb. He pretends to cut off his penis, but instead puts a stone in water and says that that is his comb. She asks a passer-by (monk, her father) to get it out of the water. When the passer-by takes off his clothes, she discovers 'her' curry-comb hanging between his legs and grabs hold of it (tears it off).",Documented in verse in the 14th century (Der Striegel).,"1281A, 1739."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1543A,The Greedy Dreamer,"Chauvin 1892ff. IX, 37 No. 30; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 5; Tubach 1969, No. 1788; Spies 1973b, 170�199; Marzolph 1987a, No. 124; Schwarzbaum 1989, 328f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 162.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1473.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J1473; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 571; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 211; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5240; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. **1239; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man dreams that he has nine coins (bills). He demands ten (he wants to change the bills into gold). He wakes up and realizes that he had been dreaming. He regrets that he did not accept the nine coins (the bills) [J1473]. In Arabic variants the greedy man dreams that he is trying to sell his sheep (hogs) for eight dirhams (100 denari) each. A customer offers to pay him half of that. When he wakes up and sees no money, he closes his eyes and says, 'At least give me four.'",Early version in the Greek Philogelos (No. 124).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1543C*,The Clever Doctor,"Legman 1968f. II, 934.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 209; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 616, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 15; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1543C*, cf. No. 1635K; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; US-American: Randolph 1976, 53.","A man complains to a doctor that he has no sense of taste, can never tell the truth, and has a bad memory. The doctor treats him with three capsules filled with feces (puts dung in his mouth). The first restores his sense of taste, after the second, he is able to speak the truth, and when he takes the third, he proves that his memory is good. In some variants, a clever doctor heals a patient by diverting his attention. For example, in a Jewish variant a king has an inflamed eye because he touches it all the time. The doctor tells him that he is pregnant and will give birth in nine months. The king begins to worry about his stomach and touches it: Thus his eye is able to heal. When the birth does not take place, the doctor explains his trick and is made court physician.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1543D*,Stone as Witness,"EM 1 (1977) 1398�1400 (U. Masing); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 447.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 270; Bulgarian: BFP; Byelorussian: cf. SUS, No. 1546A**; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 30, Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 269; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 15.","A farmer makes a contract with his farmhand and calls on a stone to witness it. When the farmhand demands his wages, the farmer refuses to pay him. They go to court. The judge orders the stone be brought to the court to testify. The farmer exposes himself by explaining that it is too heavy (too far away) to be brought [J1141.1.3.1].","Oriental origin, documented in the 10th century as an Arabian anecdote. Rich medieval documentation.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1543E*,Tree as Witness,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 179, V not. 45; Chauvin 1892ff. II, No. 34; Penzer 1924ff. V, 59 not. 2; EM 1 (1977) 1398�1400 (U. Masing)","Danish: Nielssen/B�dker 1951f. II, No. 36; German: Talitz (1663) No. 101, Scheer-Geiger (1673) No. 92, Schau-Platz der Betrieger (1687) No. 230 (EM archive); Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. K1971.12; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1918ff. IV, 61, 277; Avar: Saidov/Dalgat 1965, 39ff.; Siberian: O�arov 1936, 139ff., Voskobojnikov/Menov�ikov 1959, 294ff., Dolgich 1961, 32ff., Dul�zon 1966, No. 38, cf. Nos. 12, 44; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963, 279f.; Indian: Hertel 1922b, No. 12; Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1971.12, MacDonald 1982, No. K451.3; Indonesian: Pleyte 1894, 212; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, 65f.","Two friends with names that describe their characters (e.g. stupid, clever) become rich (find a treasure) in a foreign country. They decide to bury the money under a tree in order to share it later. The clever one steals the money, accuses the stupid one of theft and brings him to trial. He names the tree(spirit) as witness. The next day the judge intends to interview the tree. The clever one asks his father to hide in the hollow of the tree and to tell the judge that the stupid one has stolen the money. The astonished judge (the clever one) orders the tree to be burned [K1971.12]. The father screams, and his son is exposed and punished. The stupid one is given all the money [K451.3].","Early Indian version in the Indian Pa�catantra (I,19).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1544,The Man who Got a Night's Lodging,"Aarne 1914b, No. 24; Basset 1924ff. I, 375 No. 90; Schmidt 1999; EM 5 (1987) 727�729 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 210, 211; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1543B*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 68; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 204, Kristensen 1897a, No. 9, Kristensen 1900, No. 32; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 25; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 90; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 62, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 82, cf. Nos. 265, 266; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1543B*, 1544; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1543B*, 1544, cf. No. 1543B**; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1543B*, cf. No. 1543B**; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 356; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 209; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, 285; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kazakh: Ver�inin 1962, No. 32; Kalmyk: cf. Dimbinov 1962, No. 36; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 4; Brazilian: cf. Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 88; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 1995 I, No. K258.","(Including the previous Type 1543B*.) A rascal (trickster) pretends to be deaf and takes a householder's greeting as an invitation to sit at the table and help himself to the best food [K1981.1]. (He ignores the householder's hints and eats well; previously Type 1543B*.) He trades the householder's horse for his own, and when he is asked to pay for his food with a goatskin, he kills one of the householder's goats [K258]. At night he sleeps with the wife and/or daughter. When the wife bakes pancakes for her hungry husband, the guest sneaks them himself. He informs the husband about his sexual relations with the wife (daughter) [K1572]. The husband becomes angry and goes to kill the guest's horse, but kills his own instead [K942]. Every time, the guest gets the better of the householder.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1544A*,A Soldier's Riddle,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 212; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: cf. Ten�ze/H�llen 1961, Nos. 28, 30; German: Wossidlo 1910, 200, Peuckert 1932, No. 259, Neumann 1968b, 71, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 183; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 73; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 106, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 30; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, No. 1544A*, cf. No. 1544A***; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1544A*, cf. No. 1544A**; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 356; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1775.","A soldier (apprentice, beggar) is given hospitality by an old woman (farmwife, priest, etc.). He induces her to leave the kitchen, puts the goose (chicken) that she is roasting into his sack, and substitutes his shoe. The woman asks him what the latest news is (how the war is going; the priest asks him what he wants to confess). The soldier answers with wordplay: 'King Goose has moved from Ovenhome to Sackhouse.' The woman does not understand and lets him leave with the goose.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1544B*,The Troublesome Guest,,"Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1544***, *1544D*, *1544F*, *1544G*, *1544G**; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1544D*, 1544E*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1544B; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1544*C, Jason 1988a, No. 1544*C, Haboucha 1992, No. 1544*B; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1544*C�A.","Miscellaneous type. This Type comprises various tales in which a rascal (relative) manages to receive hospitality from a stingy host (relative), or in which, against the host's will, the guest demands hospitality for too long a period of time.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1545,The Boy with Many Names,"EM 7 (1993) 773�777 (�. D�m�t�r); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 395.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 213, 214; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 306, 310, 318; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 390; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 28, B�dker et al. 1957, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1541*; French: Soupault 1963, No. 15, Joisten 1971 II, No. 130.1, Perbosc/Bru 1987, 22ff., 25f.; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 68, Espinosa 1946, No. 19, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 448�450; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 548, 550, 551, 554, 555, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1541, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 421, 452; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 289; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 21; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 121ff.; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 40f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 174f., Orso 1979, No. 218, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, Nos. 52, 105, 161; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 55f.; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, No. 82; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 284, II, Nos. 314�316, 389, 390, cf. Nos. 306, 387, 388; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 357 IV 1; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 381; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 67; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 198ff.; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 210; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 110; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 27, IX, No. 19, X, No. 15, XI, No. 3, XIV, No. 30; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, Randolph 1976, No. 23; African American: Abrahams 1970, 250f.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1940*B; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, No. 47.","A man is employed as a farmhand by a master (king, rich man, clergyman), but refuses to use his right name. Various people call him absurd names, for example, Bird, Hair, Sultry (I Myself, Cat, Cramp) [K602]. The different names cause misunderstands that work to the farmhand's advantage: He sleeps with the daughter and wife of his master. When they accuse him, the master does not understand them, and the farmhand continues this behavior. The master knows that the servant has stolen money (other valuables), but because of his peculiar names he is not convicted of the theft. After the farmhand leaves, his tricks are discovered, but he is not apprehended because the people who seek him are ridiculed for calling out his names.","Documented e.g. in the collection Heer-Paucker (1660, 171�176 [EM archive]). The roll of the servant is often assigned to regional tricksters (e.g. Pedro Urdemales in Central and South America).","1562A, 1833A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1545*,Keeping Warm in Bed,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 216; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 392; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1545**; Jewish: Jason 1965; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A young man (student) teaches the daughter of his master (clergyman, innkeeper) how to keep him warm in bed. When her father feels cold, she offers to warm him too.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1545A,Learning to Sleep in Bed,EM: Schlafenlernen (forthcoming).,"Portuguese: Melo 1991, 44, Cardigos (forthcoming); Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 65, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 199; Jewish: Jason 1965; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1545A.",A man seduces a woman by pretending that he does not know how to go to bed. She must teach him [K1349].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1545A*,'It's a Man!' A man disguises himself as a pregnant woman and is admitted to a house where a beautiful daughter (wife) lives,,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 224; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Hansmann 1918, 85ff.","The daughter discovers his true identity (the wife wants to help at the birth and is raped by the man) and cries out, 'It's a man!' Her father (husband) thinks the pregnant woman has given birth to a son and blesses the child. (The young man is driven out, but in the end he marries the daughter.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1545B,The Boy who Knew Nothing of Women,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 49, 450; EM 7 (1993) 769�773 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 215; Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, Nos. 391, 392; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 33; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 215; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 550, 552, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Loots 1985, 67ff.; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IV, No. 2Met/311; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 395f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1545B, cf. No. *1545C; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 219; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 162; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1545B, 1545B*; Turkish: Hansmann 1918, 93ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. **1564; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 204.","A rich clergyman (farmer) wants a farmhand who will not seduce his daughter(s), and asks applicants about the genitals of a horse (other animal), the procedure of copulation, or the difference between men and women. The boys who know the right answers are not hired. After a time, a youth in disguise comes again pretending that he cannot answer the question(s), and the clergyman hires him. The clergyman calls the wife's and daughter's vaginas prisons, and the youth pretends to be innocent and not to know what they are for. Through other tricks (e.g. using ambiguous names; cf. Type 1545), he seduces the sexually-naive wife and daughter in the presence of the clergyman [K1327]. For example, in a Russian variant, one night the farmhand tells his employer that he has caught a thief (which is his penis) who should be sent to prison. In the presence of the unsuspecting clergyman, he sends the 'thief' into the prisons of the wife and daughter. When he realizes what has happened, the clergyman gets angry and curses the farmhand, thus losing an expensive wager (cf. Type 1000), and has to let him go free.",NA,"1000, 1545."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1546,The Lump of Gold,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 141; Schwarzbaum 1968, 57, 453; EM 5 (1987) 1383�1385 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 217; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 314; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1541****; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1956, No. 20, Joisten 1971 II, No. 140; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 220; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1541*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 103ff., Moser-Rath 1984, 288f., Tomkowiak 1993, 270; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1546A; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 68; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 75f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 469; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Keren/Schnitzler 1981, No. 25; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, 223f.; US-American: Dodge 1987, 21; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1550**F, 1550**G; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1550**F; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 64; Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1550**D.","A farmer (farmhand, rascal) asks a goldsmith (master, rich man) what he would pay for a lump of gold of the size of a brick (cat, horse's head, etc.). The goldsmith, thinking to get the gold cheaply, pays him a substantial amount of money (offers him hospitality). When the trickster is supposed to produce the lump of gold, he makes an excuse: He had only asked the question so he would know what to expect if he ever found such a lump. He leaves town with the money (thanks the goldsmith for the meal) [K261, K461.2.1]",Documented in the 16th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1547*,The Trickster with Painted Penis,"Legman 1968f. I, 469, 798.","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 352; Austrian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 196f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3831; Polish: Anthropophyteia 6 (1909) 287f.; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, Nos. 308, 309, II, Nos. 308, 345; Turkish: Hansmann 1918, 59�67.","A soldier (student) lodges with a farmer (innkeeper). He wants to seduce the housewife (and the daughter) but can never find her alone. He paints three colored rings on his penis and lets it hang out of his clothes (at night, or as if by accident). The wife is curious and asks him why his penis is so different from her husband's. He tells her that, depending on which rings go in, he can beget a soldier, officer, or general (minister, dean, or bishop). The couple ask him to beget an officer and pay him for his services. While the soldier and the wife are having intercourse, the farmer gives the soldier a push from behind, so that, for the same price, the wife should get a general instead of an officer [K1398]. Cf. Type 1855A. In some variants the farmer, who is unable to impregnate his wife, initiates the bargain.","Documented in the 15th century by Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 161).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1548,The Soup Stone,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 576; Schwarzbaum 1968, 176f.; EM 7 (1993) 1218�1221 (L. Marks); Marks 1993; Schmitt 1993, 371f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 218; Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 130; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 13, R�dei 1978, No. 229; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 94f.; French: cf. Thibault 1960, No. 23; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 175; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 424, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Swanenberg 1978, 110; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 120; German: Hen�en 1963a, No. 57, Neumann 1968b, 35; Swiss: Brunold-Bigler 1997, 234f.; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 42; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 112; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 293, Karadi 1959, No. 130, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 84; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989, No. 554; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4646; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1548, cf. No. 1548*; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 292, 293, 365; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 40; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A soldier (traveler, monk) asks an old woman for food and lodging for the night. She agrees to the lodging but will not give him any food. The soldier offers to show her how to make soup from a stone (nail, ax, horseshoe) (sometimes without the introductory situation). She agrees. While the stone 'cooks,' she brings him all that he asks for, one after another: flour, grease, meat (bacon), vegetables, etc. After they eat the soup, the soldier says he is too full to eat the stone (he sells the wonderful stone to the woman) [K112.2].","Documented in the 14th�15th century (Sercambi, No. 1).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1548*,The Fool's Talent (previously The Gift of the Fool),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 219; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 654A*; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4690.","Three brothers have different talents: the oldest makes shoes for the queen and the princess, the second sews clothes for them, and the third (fool) gives them children [J1272].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1551,The Wager that Sheep Are Hogs,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 96 No. 51, VII, No. 430; Wesselski 1909, No. 29; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 437; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 632; Tubach 1969, No. 2975; cf. Gurney 1972; Schwarzbaum 1979, 567 not. 27; Takahashi 1987, 42f.; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 376; EM: Wettbetrug (in prep.).","Karelian: Konkka 1959, 155ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 131�133; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K451.2, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984 II, Nos. 478�480, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, No. 260, Mont/Cock 1927, No. 3; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 917; German: Ranke 1966, No. 53, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 149, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 40, Berger 2001, No. 1551A; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 89; Macedonian: cf. To�ev 1954, 269f.; Rumanian: Dima 1944, No. 28; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 66; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 202ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Knejer 1959, 120ff., 127f.; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 112ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 351 III 1a; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 50; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 34; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 67; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 14; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 27; US-American: Roberts 1959, 136, Dorson 1964, 92f.; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 63; Spanish-American: TFSP 13 (1937) 91, Robe 1973; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 109ff., 198ff., Cascudo 1955b, 25ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 456, El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer (poor man) drives his sheep (cow, horse) to market. A trickster (soldier, student) who would like to buy the sheep cheaply tries to convince the farmer that they are piglets (goats, donkeys). The farmer insists that they are sheep. An accomplice of the trickster arrives and offers to settle the dispute: he proclaims that the animals are pigs. Another passer-by, also an accomplice, agrees. The farmer sells his sheep for the price of pigs [K451.2]. Cf. Type 1538. In some variants, five tricksters one after the other convince a farmer, who is taking his lamb to market, that it is a dog. The farmer throws the animal away, and the five men get roast lamb for free.","Documented in the Indian Pa�catantra; in Europe since the early 13th century, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 20,1).","1538, 1539."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1551*,How Much the Donkey Cost,,"Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 170, Cardigos (forthcoming); Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1551**; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man who has bought a donkey is asked by the villagers one after another how much he paid for it. Annoyed by the repeated question, he has the church bells rung to summon all the villagers. The people think that a saint (angel) wants to make an announcement (that it is Judgment Day). The man announces what price he paid [J1601].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1552*,Soup Made from Hare Soup (previously The Hare at Third Remove),"Wesselski1911 I, No. 97; cf. Basset 1924ff. I, No. 198.","Walloon: Legros 1962, 108; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 90; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3586; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 119, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: RTP 2 (1887) 505f.; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man (farmer, Nasreddin Hodja) is given a hare (chicken) as a gift, and treats the man who gave the gift to a meal to thank him. Soon after, another man (men) comes who claims to be a neighbor of the man who gave the hare. The recipient gives him a meal too. Later, yet another man (men) comes who claims to be a neighbor of that neighbor of the man who gave the hare. The recipient serves him only hot water, 'soup made from the soup of the hare.' [J1551.6].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1553,An Ox for Five Pennies,"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 126; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 370; Basset 1924ff. II, 427 No. 143; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 462; Schwarzbaum 1968, 55, 451; Schwarzbaum 1979, xlviii not. 83, 563, 566 not. 18; Marzolph 1992 I, 79�81; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1065; EM 10 (2002) 193�196 (U. Marzolph).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 160; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 222; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 13, Kooi 1985f., 168 No. 26, cf. Burger 1993, 77f., 159; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 126; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 192, Moser-Rath 1984, 287f., 406, 457; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1463*; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 8; Slovene: Mir 13 (1894) 85; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4854; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 445; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K182.1; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 179f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 90, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 445, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","During a crisis (after he lost his way, or on his deathbed) a man (trickster, rich man, farmer, knight) promises to sell a valuable animal (camel, horse, donkey, cow, ox) for no profit (he will sell it ridiculously cheaply, or will give the proceeds to charity). Later (after his death), he (his wife) offers the animal for sale as promised. However, it must be purchased along with a small animal (cat, rooster, dog, occasionally a goat) for which a high price is demanded [K182].","Documented in the 10th century as an Arabic anecdote, and since the 12th century in European literature.","1200, 1540."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1553B*,Pleasing the Captain,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, 567f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 150; EM 8 (1996) 1096.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VIII, No. 2Met/324; Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 126, Benzel 1992a, 122; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP.",A ship's captain (innkeeper) promises to set a Galician (guest stay and eat for) free if he will sing a song that pleases the captain. The Galician sings that he would like to pay the captain. This pleases the captain and he sets the Galician free (the innkeeper gives the guest food and lodging for free).,"Early version by the Italian poet Lorenzo Lippi, Il malmantile racquistato (16th century).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1555,Milk in the Cask,,"Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 495; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 177; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 79; Frisian: Us Wurk 31 (1982) 146f.; German: cf. Moser-Rath 1964, No. 182; Bulgarian: cf. BFP; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.","A number of people are ordered each to contribute a small amount toward filling a cask with milk (wine). Each of them pours only water into the cask, thinking that no one will notice a little water in all the milk. In the end, the cask is filled with pure water [K231.6.1.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1555A,Paying for Bread with Beer,"Marzolph 1996, No. 458.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 156; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1385A; German: Buse 1975, No. 398, Schlund 1993, 66; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, cf. No. 4344, II, No. 4969, cf. No. 4817; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 632; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 179f.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1555A, cf. No. 1555A1; US-American: Baughman 1966; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man orders a glass of beer, returns it without drinking any, and orders a loaf of bread. He refuses to pay for the bread because he bartered for it with the beer, and he refuses to pay for the beer because he did not drink it [K233.4].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1555B,The Wine and Water Business (previously The Rum and Water Trade),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 182; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 429.","Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K231.6.2.3*, Chevalier 1983, No. 178; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 541, Cardigos (forthcoming); Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1555B, cf. No. *1555B*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 198ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1555*C.","A trickster fills a jug half full of water, then has it filled with wine (rum) at a liquor shop. When the seller refuses to give him credit, he pays for the half and pours back half of the liquid ' now half wine and half water. Sometimes the trickster repeats the operation, getting more wine with each transaction [K231.6.2.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1555C,The Good Meal,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1555C*; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 238, Neumann 1999, No. 6; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4763.",A well-dressed man in a restaurant orders 'a soup for his money'. After the soup he orders other dishes for his money. He also agrees to take a glass of wine for his money offered by the innkeeper. After the meal it turns out that his money is not enough to pay the bill. He explains to the angry innkeeper that he only ordered 'a meal for his money'. The innkeeper is willing to forgive him on the condition that he should behave in the same way in his neighbor's restaurant. The man confesses that he came to him on his neighbor's advice.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1556,The Double Pension (Burial Money),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 272ff. No. 155 not. 1; Schwarzbaum 1968, 56, 405, 452; Marzolph 1992 I, 168�170, II, No. 427; EM 10 (2002) 709�713 (U. Marzolph); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 263.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Hungarian: MNK VII B, Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 29; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Lebanese, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 462, El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 16; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 462, El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: JAFL 70 (1957) 71; Swahili: Klipple 1992, 395; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, No. 48.","A poor man (poet, fool) and his wife, who had been in government service, are both entitled to death benefits. Each of them reports that the other is dead and receives money for the burial [K482.1]. When the king finds out about this, everyone is amused at the trick (the man is hired to work again).",Documented in the first half of the 10th century as an Arabic anecdote.,1531.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1557,Box on the Ear Returned,HDM 2 (1934�40) 234; EM 10 (2002) 255�258 (J. van der Kooi).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 143, VI, Nos. 220, 221; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1543; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 28; German: Bodens 1937, No. 1104, Neumann 1968b, 95, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 57, Berger 2001; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 122, 123ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 181f.; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5264, 5651; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, Nos. *1557A*, *1557B*; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 928; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 8f.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1825D*.","A farmer (soldier, fool, sometimes sailor, ambassador, foreign minister) is given hospitality by the king and sits beside him at the dining table. One of the courtiers wants to embarrass the farmer, so he suggests that each person should hit his neighbor (on the head). When it is the farmer's turn to hit the king, he says, 'When the plow comes to the end of the furrow, the plowman has to turn the horse around.' Instead of hitting the king, he returns the blow to the man who hit him [K2376].",NA,"921B*, 922."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1558,Welcome to the Clothes,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 491, II, 581ff., 628; Wesselski 1909, No. 73; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 55, II, No. 432; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 416, cf. No. 417; Wesselski 1921, 88; Schwarzbaum 1968, 180�182, 472; Tubach 1969, No. 1113; Marzolph 1983b, No. 139; Marzolph 1987b, 87; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1243; Uther 1993a; EM 7 (1993) 1425�1430 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 222; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 179; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 125, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 142; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 171, 289, Rehermann 1977, 267f., No. 17; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Aprile 1996; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 92, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 156, MNK VII B, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 42; Rumanian: Ure 1960, 72f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1558, cf. No. *1558**; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 120, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1590A*; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, No. 21; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1590A*; Syrian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 127; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 202ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 279f.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Moreno 1947, No. 5.","A wise man (adviser) had been invited to the king's (mayor's) banquet, but he is denied entry because of his poor clothes. When he comes back in new clothes he is welcomed. When the food is served, the wise man pours it on his clothes. He explains that it is they who were welcomed [J1561.3].",Documented in the 12th century as an Arabic anecdote. Popular as a proverbial phrase.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1559A*,Always Hungry (previously Deceptive Wager: Human or Animal Hunger),,Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Jewish: Jason 1988a.,"A master maintains that animals' hunger is easier to appease than humans'. His shepherd argues the opposite. When the guests have finished their meal, the shepherd sets some nuts on the table. The guests crack and eat the nuts, so the herdsman wins the argument [N73]. Cf. Type 1621A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1559C*,Some Things Not for Sale,"Cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 713.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 223; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 125; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 144, Neumann 1968a, No. 54; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4864; Russian: cf. SUS, No. 1695**, Jewish: Landmann 1997, 146f.","A farmer goes into a store in which everything is supposed to be available. He bets with the owner that something that he wants is not for sale in the store, and the owner accepts the bet. The customer asks for something unusual (e.g. sunglasses for his cow) and wins the bet. The owner sends the customer to another store and warns the storekeeper there. The customer makes the same bet. This time he asks for something different (e.g. shoes for his rooster) and wins again. (Sometimes there is a third episode with higher stakes, which the farmer wins again.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1560,Make-believe Eating; Make-believe Work,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 163f. No. 86; EM 4 (1984) 471�475 (J. R. Kl�ma).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 224; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 319; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 264; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 81f.; French: Delarue 1947, No. 19, Perbosc 1954, No. 39, cf. Joisten 1971 II, No. 208.1; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 131, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 204, Zender 1984, No. 155, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 157; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 8696; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovene: Vrtec 48 (1918) 141; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 45; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3180; Greek: Karlinger 1979, No. 10; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Zelenin 1914, No. 21; Ukrainian: SUS; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957.","A man (farmer) and his farmhand work in the field. At noon, other people who are also working near by stop for a rest and eat. The farmer stops working but tells his farmhand, 'We will only act as if we are eating.' When they resume work, the farmhand swings the scythe back and forth without cutting anything. The farmer turns around and asks him what he thinks he is doing. The farmhand says he is acting as if he is working [J1511.1].",NA,1567G.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1560**,'Is it Still Raining' (previously The Peasant and his Servant Driven by Rain into the Hay Barn),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 227; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 321; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Spanish-American: cf. Rael 1957 II, No. 328.","A farmer and his farmhand climb under a haystack to get out of the rain. The farmer keeps asking, 'Is it still raining' The farmhand says yes, although in fact the rain has stopped [W111.2.7].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1561,"Three Meals in a Row (previously The Lazy Boy Eats Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper One after the Other)","Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1053.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 228; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 325; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 265; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 54ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 289; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 147, 341; French: Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 51; Spanish: Ranke 1972, No. 91; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 1561A; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 27, Neumann 1968a, No. 116, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovene: Vrtec 73 (1942�43) 34f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5065; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Aganin et al. 1960, 217; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 79; Ossetic: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 359; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","A foolish farmhand (servant) refuses to work while he is hungry. He eats all three meals of the day one after another, and then goes to sleep [W111.2.6]. In some variants, a farmer (master, clergyman) insists that his farmhand eat all three meals one after the other so that he will not eat so much (not spend so much time eating). The clever farmhand goes to bed right after 'supper'.",NA,"1567E, 1572*, and 1725."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1561*,A Cure for Nearsightedness (previously The Boy 'Loses his Sight'),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 229; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 322; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 247, 248, 304, 305, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 113, Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, 263; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 182f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 77, Neumann 1968a, No. 35, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 152.","A farmhand complains to his master (farmer, skipper, shoemaker) that he must be growing nearsighted (blind), because he cannot see the filling in his sandwich [J1561.4.2]. (He asks for glasses to see what has been given to him to eat.) The wife of his master takes the complaint to heart and gives him more cheese on his bread for his next meal. The farmhand says this is much better, because now he can read the newspaper through the cheese.",NA,1567A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1561**,Eating and Work (previously Farmhand Gives all Heavy Work to Others),,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 323c; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 69; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 103; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Laogr�phia 4 (1913/14) 300f.","A master invites two workmen (Gypsies, his sons) to dinner, after which he wants them to do some work for him. He asks them if they would like certain things to eat, and one of the two guests says yes. Then the host asks which of them will do certain work. The same man tells his companion that now it is his turn to volunteer.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562,'Think Thrice before you Speak,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 169f. No. 187; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 387; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 232; EM 3 (1981) 420f. (E. Moser-Rath); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1233.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 230; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 316; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 143, 292; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 66f., 85, 292; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, Nos. 203, 205, cf. No. 176, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, Tomkowiak 1993, 270; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 47; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3545; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tadzhik: Dechoti 1958, 74f.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 24; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 164; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","' A master (teacher) cautions a boy to think three times before he speaks. The boy obeys even when he sees that the master's clothing (turban) is on fire [J2516.1, cf. J571.1].","Early version (14th century) by John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (A XXVI,34). Popular as a proverbial phrase.","1562A, 1562B."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562A,"'The Barn is Burning!' A master has instructed his farmhand (a traveler) to use peculiar names for everything, for example, Purity for the cat, Beauty for the fire, High for the roof (and punishes the farmhand when he does not)","Petsch 1916; Wesselski 1916; ZfVk. 28 (1918) 135�137; Jackson/Wilson 1936; Schwarzbaum 1968, 232; Tropea 1968; cf. Legman 1968f. II, 731; EM 2 (1979) 665; EM: Scheune brennt (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 231; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kamp 1879f. I, No. 14, Kristensen 1881ff. IV, Nos. 57, 58, Kristensen 1896f., No. 19; Scottish, Irish, Welsh, English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970ff. A II, 180, 317f.; French: Perbosc 1907, No. 3; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 127ff.; Catalan: Orol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 561�563, 565, 566, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1940; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 140; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1940, Lox 1999a, No. 74; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 77, Wiepert 1964, No. 121; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 729; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Mango 1890, No. 7, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 448f.; Slovakian: cf. Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 121D, Ga�par�kov� 1981a, No. 52; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 3084, 4685; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 45, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 13; US-American: Baughman 1966, Burrison 1989, 101; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 288; African-American: cf. Dorson 1956, No. 42; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 54b; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1940*A; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 326ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 66; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, Nos. 90�92; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","The farmhand plans revenge and ties a bundle of straw, which he lights, to the cat's tail. When the burning cat sets the barn roof on fire, the farmhand uses the special words to tell his master. The fire burns out of control before the master understands the complicated message [J1269.12]. Cf. Type 1940.",Documented in the late 15th century.,"1562, 1562B, 1696, 1699, and 1940."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562A*,Deceptive Bargain: Fasting Together,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. VII, No. 30; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 111; East African: Klipple 1992, 340f.; Central African: cf. Lambrecht 1967, No. 1165.","The miserly master and his servant have a contest in fasting. The servant eats secretly. The master will not admit defeat, and dies [K177].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562B,Wife Follows Written Instructions,"Stiefel 1908, No. 8; Wesselski 1908; BP III, 149�151; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 139; Schwarzbaum 1968, 232; EM 10 (2002) 948�950 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 232; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 177, Christensen 1939, No. 92; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 180; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 152, 282, 287f., Tomkowiak 1993, 270, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 118; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 52, Kov�cs 1988, 65; Russian: Archiv f�r slavische Philologie 13 (1890) 399; Jewish: Jason 1975, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1562C; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1562C.","A master (husband) writes a list of instructions for his apprentice (servant, wife) (the apprentice asks for such a list). One day when they are traveling together, the (drunken) master falls into the mud (ditch, stream) and asks the apprentice to rescue him. The apprentice answers that he does not know whether this is part of his duties and runs home to look up the situation in his instructions. (The master manages to get himself out, and tears up the list.) [J2516.3.1].","Documented in the 14th century by John Bromyard in his collection Summa predicantium (H I,16). The characters were originally a married couple, but since the 17th�18th centuries they are mostly a master and a servant.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562B*,Dog's Bread Stolen,EM 6 (1990) 1395�1398 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Hungarian: MNK VII B; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1003**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A miserly master gives his farmhand one loaf of bread for the day, instructing him to eat all he wants but to feed the dog too and leave the loaf whole. The farmhand takes the center out of the loaf, leaving the crust in one piece.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562C*,Miser Eats at Night,,"Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 305, II, Nos. 408, 556, 557, Cardigos (forthcoming); Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5035; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 194ff.; Russian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Saudi Arabian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A miserly old man (clergyman and his wife) gives his daughter-in-law nothing to eat. He himself (hides the food and) eats secretly during the night. The daughter-in-law complains to her family. Her father (youngest brother) comes, prevents the old man in different way to eat at night, and cures him of his miserliness.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562D*,The Boy Goes to Sleep on his Job,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 291; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 163, 166, 167.","A young man falls asleep at his work, but his master does not dare to wake him and punish him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562F*,The Hunt for the Pea (previously Boy Puts both Hands into the Soup Bowl),"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 105; cf. Wesselski 1911 I, No. 206; EM 6 (1990) 1395�1398 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 233; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 323a; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1561***; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 283, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 154; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 27; Polish: cf. Simonides 1979, No. 238; Sorbian: cf. Nedo 1957, 38f.; US-American: cf. Dorson 1952, 129ff.","A miserly farmer gives his farmhands poor food. Or, a clergyman (several soldiers) is invited to dinner by a miserly friend (housewife). The soup is mostly water with hardly any peas (barley, rice). One of the farmhands (the clergyman, one of the soldiers) takes off his jacket and shirt. Someone asks why, and he explains that he is going to reach into the dish to look for the pea.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1562J*,'Sing It!' A pharmacist's (farmer's) servant who stutters tries to tell his master that the laboratory is burning (that he fell into a canal along with his horse and wagon),,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 271f.; Dutch: Sap-Akkerman 1977, 63ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 195; US-American: Leary 1991, No. 174.","He cannot pronounce the words, so the pharmacist tells him to sing the news. The servant sings the following to the tune of a children's song, 'The laboratory is on fire, hurrah!' ('The horse and wagon fell in the water, the farmer must come and see.') Cf. Type 1702.","Early version in 1558 by Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 45).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1563,'Both' A farmhand (often an ill-treated one) is sent by the farmer into the house to get something,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 180 No. 342; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 150, 291; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 73; EM 2 (1979) 55�64 (H. El-Shamy); Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 406.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 234, 235; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 317; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 393; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Zall 1963, 111f.; French: Luzel 1887 III, No. 3, Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 59; Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 5a, Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 57; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, Nos. 377, 396, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Loots 1985, 43f.; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: e.g. Hen�en 1935, No. 199, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 54; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 26; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 106; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 309f.; Croatian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 311�313; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3221; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 46ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1563*; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 133, Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 41, 144; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 1563A; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 420ff., Robe 1973; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 83; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 40; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 58, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.1525.","He tells the wife that he has been ordered to sleep with her and/or her daughter(s). They are shocked and call out to the farmer something like, 'Shall we give it to him' ' 'Both' ' 'All three' The farmer says yes, and they go to bed with the farmhand [K1354.1, cf. K1354.2.1]. In northern Italian variants, the trickster is a wild man (giant, magician), and instead of sex he takes money or gold. In variants from the Caucasus and middle to western Asia, the trickster wants to take the daughters away and marry them.",NA,"This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 1001�1029, and also 1049, 1062, 1088, 1115, 1424, and 1640."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1563*,The Terrible Threat (previously Sham Threat: either,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 450; EM 3 (1981) 894�901 (K. Ranke); cf. Marzolph 1987a, No. 16; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 509; Marzolph 1996, No. 511.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 236, 237; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. *1525J3, *1563**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Ranke 1972, No. 73; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker 1991, Nos. 2076, 2309; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 213, Moser-Rath 1984, 287f., 291, 417f., Tomkowiak 1993, 270f.; Italian: Wesselski 1912, 51f., 244; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 67; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 26; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4793, 4815, cf. No. 4785; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1563*, cf. No. 1703; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, 161; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 100, 101; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 3; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 216, III, 153; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 42.",".. or). This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A man's horse (saddle, bridle, etc.) is stolen. He threatens that if it is not returned immediately, he will do what his father would have done in these circumstances. The bystanders are horrified and give him a new horse (the thief returns his horse). They ask the man what it was his father would have done. He replies, 'He would have walked' (have bought a new saddle). In oriental variants, the man's shoes are stolen, and the man says his father would have bought new shoes. (2) Two travelers (horsemen, teamsters) meet on the road and neither will give way to the other. One of them threatens that if the other does not let him pass, he will do to him what he did the day before to another man who was in his way. The other traveler lets him pass, and asks what it was he had done the day before. He replies that he had let the man pass [K1771.2]. Cf. Type 202. (3) A beggar (dervish, Gypsy) threatens the inhabitants of a village (a single person) that if they do not give him some particular thing, he will do to them what he did to the people in another village (what his father did in the same situation, something he does not want to have to do). They give him what he wants but ask what he meant by his threat. He explains, he had to go on without the thing (had to work). (4) A lazy student (night watchman) asks his father for money (asks for more pay). He threatens that if his request is not granted, he will have to do something that he does not want to have to do. The answer to the question is, he will have to study (work for his same wages) [K1771.3].",Version (1) is documented in the 8th century in the Carmina of Theodulf of Orl�ans. Version (2) appears in the early 17th century in Otho Melander�s Jocorum atque seriorum [...] Liber primus. Version (3) appears in the 14th century in the Persian Risla-i dilgu of �Ubaid-i Zkn. Version (4) is part of the Nasreddin Hodja tradition.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1564*,The Clever Granary Watcher,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 211, 238�240; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1564*, 1565*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1564*, 1564**, cf. Nos. *1564***, *1564****; French: cf. Tegethoff 1923 I, 231f.","(Including the previous Type 1564**.) A man who is supposed to guard a certain farmer's granary steals the grain. The wagon he uses to carry the grain falls into a ditch. When the farmer comes by, the thief tells him that the grain belongs to himself. The farmer orders his other farmhands to help the thief [K405.1]. In some variants, the thieving guard says he is bringing the grain to the owner's barn. The farmer realizes that it is his own grain [K439.2]. (Previously Type 1564**.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1565,Agreement Not to Scratch,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 9; Legman 1968f. II, 323f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 192; EM 8 (1996) 348�352 (C. Lindahl); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 243; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 18; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 346; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 226f. 227, 231, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Geldof 1979, 178f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Knoop 1893, No. 11; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 73; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 479, cf. No. 416; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5159; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 321; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 23, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Ossetic: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 54; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1565B�; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 83; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 71; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, 223f.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1565A, cf. No. 1565B; US-American: JAFL 38 (1925) 219, Dorson 1952, 148f., White 1952, 701; Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 113, Harris 1955, 272ff.; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, No. 21; West Indies: Beckwith 1924, No. 29; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1565, 1565B�; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ivory Coast: Schild 1975, No. 55; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 57f.; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1105.","This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A man (trickster) continually scratches his head or body (because of a disease) (he sneezes continually). He is promised a reward if he can refrain from scratching (sneezing) for a certain length of time. When he can no longer resist the itching, he tells a story (calls out) in which he can make gestures or sounds that permit him to scratch (sneeze) [K263]. Sometimes the listeners realize what he has done, but they reward him anyway because they admire his cleverness. (2) A bald (mangy) man (with head lice), a man who scratches himself, and a man with a dripping nose agree (are ordered, often by the king) not to touch themselves. All of them manage to break the prohibition by telling stories which they illustrate with their forbidden movements. For example, the bald man says that his father bought him a fur cap, and he mimics putting it on and taking it off. The scratching man says his father bought him clothes, and touches himself to show where they did not fit. The man with the dripping nose calls them both liars and points at them by rubbing his nose twice with his fingers. (3) A god offers a prize (his daughter, an ox, both) to whichever animal can clear a field of nettles without scratching himself. After other animals try and fail, a certain animal (spider, Brer Rabbit) wins the prize by disguising his scratching in his animated description of the ox. (4) Two men (a Jew and a Russian) agree not to scratch. Each tries to make the other break the agreement. For example, the Jew sprinkles pepper in the Russian's shirt, and the Russian puts lice in the Jew's trousers. When the Russian can resist no longer, he says that his uncle received medals from the czar, which he wore 'here and here and here,' thus scratching those places. The Jew replies that his uncle received so many medals that he had to put them in his trousers' pocket and feel around for them ' which he demonstrates.","This tale originates in medieval Arabian literature. The oral tradition is widespread and variable. Version (3), the most stable form, has African and African-American subtypes.","5, 73 (only version 3)."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1565*,The Big Cake,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 282f., Meyer 1968; German: Dietz 1951, No. 161; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 180; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.","During Lent, the farmers are not allowed to eat more than a single cake. They bake a cake as big as a cart wheel [K2311]. In some variants they may eat only one spoonful of porridge, so they make a huge spoon. In a Jewish version (Sephardic), a man has to abstain from alcohol for health reasons. However, he is allowed a glass of wine on the Sabbath. He has a big glass made that holds an entire bottle of wine.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1565**,Turnips as Bacon,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 244, 245; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 295, Holbek 1990, No. 43; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Pelen 1994, No. 134; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1565; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 117; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 352f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3096; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1565**A, 1565**B, 1565**C.","A farmer who gives his farmhand only turnips to eat all winter, makes him agree that they are bacon (beans are fish, herring are carp, etc.); otherwise the farmer wants the man to leave. During the hard work at harvest time, the farmhand threatens to leave the farmer if he does not call a cat a rabbit (bear, stork) [J1511.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1566**,Butter vs,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 316.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 30; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meulemans 1982, Nos. 1236, 1393, Lox 1999a, No. 61; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4672.",Bread. A baker orders four pounds of butter from a farmer. Later he complains that the weight was short. The farmer explains that he had weighed the butter against a four-pound loaf of bread which he had bought from the baker [K478].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1566A*,Maids Must Rise Even Earlier,"Waldis/Kurz 1862 I, No. 76; Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 39; Hansen 2002, 255.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 387; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Benzel 1980, No. 257, Tomkowiak 1993, 271; Polish: Bukowska-Grosse/Koschmieder 1967, No. 10; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS.",The maids kill the rooster for waking them too early. Then their mistress wakes them even earlier [K1636].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567,Stingy Household (previously Hungry Servant Reproaches Stingy Master),EM 6 (1990) 1395�1398 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 249�251; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1567B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1567, 1567B, 1567*, *1567****; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: EU, No. 11526; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 301, 303; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 290; French: cf. Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 35, Coulomb/Castell 1986, Nos. 49, 50; Spanish: RE 4 (1965) 460., cf. Espinosa 1988, Nos. 347, 348, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 224; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 262, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: cf. Meyer 1925a, No. 96, Selk 1949, No. 35, cf. No. 33; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B, Nos. 1567B*, 1567H*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 322; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 26, cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 316; Croatian: cf. Vujkov 1953, 292f.; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 216f., epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 517; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1567E*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1567A*, 1567G*, cf. Mykytiuk 1979, No. 36; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 364, 367; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 1567H*; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1567A*, 1567B*; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1567B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1567*H.","(Including the previous Types 1567B, 1567D, and 1567*.) Miscellaneous type. Cf. Type 1389*. A stingy master gives his farmhand bread crusts to eat. The farmhand claims that he would get full more quickly on soft bread, so the master gives him both [J1341.1]. (Previously Type 1567B.) In a Spanish version, a landlady serves a tailor only one egg, and he sings a little song about it. For his next meal she gives him two eggs. He composes other songs to compel her to give him more eggs and a sausage, etc. , as well [J1341.4]. (Previously Type 1567D.) A master gives his farmhands no butter to eat, intending to sell it instead. The farmhands make a fish into a model of a 'butter-dealer'. Their master asks what it is, and when they explain, he relents and gives them their butter. (Previously Type 1567*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567A,Stingy Innkeeper Cured of Serving Weak Beer,EM 6 (1990) 1395�1398 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 246; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 266; Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 247, 252, cf. Nos. 251, 253, 557; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 28, 61; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1974, 190; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 233; Japanese: Ikeda 1971.","A householder (innkeeper) gives his farmhands watered beer (plain water) to drink before meals, to fill up their stomachs. The farmhands tell him that the drink serves to clean out their insides so that they actually have more room for the food [J1341.7].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567C,Asking the Large Fish,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 633�636; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 21; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 158; BP II, 367; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 700; EM 4 (1984) 1218�1221 (E. Moser-Rath); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 401; Hansen 2002, 38�40; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 489.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 247; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � h�g�in 1985, 252f.; French: Millien/Delarue 1953, 215ff.; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1341.2, Chevalier 1983, No. 181, cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 349; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 102, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Medder/Bakker 2001, No. 250; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 183, Moser-Rath 1984, 285, 287�289, 373, 417, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 15, Neumann 1998, 56ff., 60ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 178, MNK VII B; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4705, 5001; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A humble guest (beggar, juggler, the son of selfish parents) is served small fish, while the hosts (parents) take (hide under the bed) the large ones for themselves. The guest holds a small fish up to his ear. The host asks why, and the guest replies that he had asked the fish where his recently-drowned father (Jonas and the whale) is. The fish answered that he is too young to know such a thing, but the guest should ask the older fish (under the bed) [J1341.2]. In some variants, a stinking fish should have said he does not know what happened recently in the sea because he was caught eight days ago. Everyone laughs, and the guest is served a bigger (fresher) fish.",The oldest version of this tale comes from Phainias of Eresos and was told by Athenaios of Naukratis in his Deipnosophistai (ca. 200 C.E.).,1610.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567E,The Hungry Man's Lies (previously Hungry Apprentice's Lies Attract Master's Attention),EM 6 (1990) 1395�1398 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 53, Goldberg 1998, No. J1341.5; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. *J1341.5; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Chinese: Ting 1978; Panamanian: Robe 1973.","An apprentice tells lies about his stingy master (often in front of other people). The master gives the apprentice more food (rice, beans, eggs) in order to silence him. Thus the master loses his hoard [J1341.5].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567F,The Hungry Shepherd (previously Hungry Shepherd Attracts Attention),EM 6 (1990) 1395�1398 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Danish: cf. Kristensen 1899, No. 175; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Meyrac 1890, 445ff., Delarue 1950, 130, Millien/Delarue 1953, No. 25; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 156, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 225; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 152f.; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 121, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Leopold/Leopold 1882, 373f., Sinninghe 1934, 13ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 109; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 198, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 128; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 870; Italian: Rossi 1987, No. 87; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3098; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 46; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, Nos. 420, 421.","A hungry shepherd is not invited to eat by his master. He tells about a cow (goat) with four teats who bore five calves (kids). The people ask what the fifth calf does while the other four are nursing. The shepherd says, 'It just watches as I am doing now.' He is then invited to join the meal [J1341.6].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567G,Good Food Changes Song,EM 4 (1984) 475f. (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 248; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 531; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 45; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 125f., 245f.; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 127, Cardigos (forthcoming); French: Delarue 1947, No. 19, Perbosc 1954, No. 39, Fabre/Lacroix 1970b, 254f.; Frisian: cf. Kooi 1984a, No. 1567G*; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 62f., Grannas 1957, 151f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 41; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1988, 111f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1956, 67f.","Workmen employed at a temporary job (threshing, mowing, woodworking) complain about their food in song (e.g. SO-O-OUP, SO-O-OUP, SO-O-OUP) and slow down their work. The next day, their master gives them better food. They change their song to reflect this (BREAD-MEAT-AND-PUDDING-TOO, BREAD-MEAT-AND-PUDDING-TOO) and work faster [J1341.11].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1567H,The Big and the Small Fish,"Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 119; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1567K*; German: Kruse 1953, 54f., Neumann 1999, No. 72; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1567K*, Landmann 1973, 336, Ausubel 1974, 403.",NA,"Two men buy fish from a fishmonger who has only one big and one small fish. At dinner, one of the men takes the big fish for himself, explaining to his partner that a good host would naturally take only the smaller portion.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1568*,The Master and the Farmhand at the Table,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 89; EM: Sch�ssel: Die umgedrehte S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 252�254; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 262; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: cf. Joisten 1971 II, No. 207; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 186, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Selk 1949, No. 31, Moser-Rath 1984, 209f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 150, cf. No. 201, Berger 2001; Slovene: Angelek 36 (1927�28) 33ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3588; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Ranke 1972, No. 187; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 140; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 145f.; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1568A; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer and his farmhands help themselves to food out of a common dish. The farmwife always places the dish so that the best piece of meat lies near the farmer. Once the farmhand comes to the table early. No one is in the room, so he moves the dish to put the best serving near his own place. The farmer sees what he did, picks up the dish saying, 'This dish once costed one thaler,' and moves it back to its customary position. Before he can stab the meat, the farmhand picks up the dish, says, 'And it is still worth that today,' and moves the dish back near his own place. In some variants the farmer (clergyman) gets the best pieces (e.g. cracklings, butter) from the common dish by asking the other diners whether they know which way the sun (moon) rotates. He rotates the dish right or left to move the best part near himself. When the dish is in place, the farmhand says, 'And then the thunderstorm begins,' stabbing his fist into the dish (stabbing the dish on the farmer's head) [Cf. J1562.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1568**,The Master and the Pupil Quarrel,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 233; Wander 1867ff. II, 5 No. 89, 72 No. 1753.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 255; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 134; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 521; English: cf. Briggs 1970f. A II, 288ff.; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 110, Neumann 1968b, No. 104, Moser-Rath 1984, 209f., 288, 291, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/1185; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. *1718.","A stingy tailor sticks all the bits of meat together. When the meal is served, he takes the first helping, and all the meat lands on his plate. He announces, 'What God has joined together, let no man put asunder.' The hungry apprentices plan revenge. They tell a customer that their master does good work but his temper is unpredictable: he often strikes the table with his fist and then falls in a rage. Before the tailor cuts the cloth, he hits the table to make the shears bounce so he can hear where they are and find them. The customer thinks the tailor is going to attack him and defends himself by grabbing the tailor around the neck and fighting. The tailor calls his apprentices to help, but they answer, 'What God has joined together, let no man put asunder.'","Popular proverb found in the New Testament (Matthew 19,6).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1569**,Clothing the Servant,,"Flemish: Meyer 1968; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 10, Karadi 1959, No. 81; Ukrainian: SUS.","A master agrees to clothe a servant (i.e. provide his clothing) at his expense. The servant insists that the condition be fulfilled literally, that the master dresses him [J2491].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1570*,'Gorge Silently,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1570*, cf. No. *1570***; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.","' A soldier (guest), who is spending the night, eats up a whole dish of food. He asks the landlady (housewife) what this delicious food is called. She answers, 'Gorge silently.' The soldier says, 'Please give me some more of this gorge-silently.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1571*,The Servants Punish their Master,,"Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 269; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1571*, cf. No. *1571**; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 292; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A master hides in order to watch his farmhands at their work. The farmhands discover him spying, make as if he is a thief, and beat him. He defends himself by saying that he is the master. They make as if he said something else and continue to beat him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1571**,The Boastful Servant,,"Finnish: Aarne 1920, No. 2004*; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2004*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 172, II, No. 188, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 445, 446; Spanish-American: TFSP 21 (1946) 94f.","A servant boasts that he has scolded his master. But he does it secretly, so that the master does not hear [K1776].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572*,The Master's Privilege,EM 10 (2002) 1369f. (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 257, 258; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 296, 297; Dutch: Krosenbrink 1968, 137; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 252, Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 98, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 40; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Jason 1989.","A farmer asks his farmhand if he has any personal defects, and the farmhand replies that he sometimes gets into a rage (other description). The farmer says that his own defect is that he sometimes gets into a frenzy (etc.). The first time the farmhand man gets into a rage, he stays in bed (leaves his work), so the farmer gets into a frenzy and beats him. This cures the farmhand's rage, and the master no longer gets into a frenzy either [J1511.4].","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der faul paurnknecht mit dem schwais (1552).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572A*,The Saints Ate the Cream,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 78; cf. Wesselski 1911 I, No. 285; Schwarzbaum 1968, 48, 246, 297, 450; Uther 1988b, 195�197; EM 6 (1990) 690�694 (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1222.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 476; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, Nos. 267, 268; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1572A*, 1829A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 145; French: Meyrac 1890, 416f.; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 176, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1572A*, 1829A*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1829A*; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 269, Peuckert 1959, No. 204, Kapfhammer 1974, 180; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 870; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 35, 50; Hungarian: MNK VII B, No. 1829A*; Czech: Kubin 1908ff. II, No. 85; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 81, cf. 141; Serbian: Krauss 1914, No. 116; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5441, 5442; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1777; Russian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1572A*, cf. No. 1572A**; Byelorussian: Ramana 1962, 55, Barag 1966, No. 79; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 1829A*; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1572A*, cf. No. 1572A**; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1829A*.) A clergyman sets a jug of sour cream (cream, milk, ham, honey) near a saint's picture (in the pantry). When he is gone, the sexton (farmhand) steals (empties) it, smearing a little cream on the saint's picture (statues). The clergyman believes that the icon stole the cream. He insults it and removes it from the church (the sexton hides it secretly, and the clergyman thinks it has run away; cf. Type 1826A*). On the next holy day (the saint's feast day), the clergyman asks the sexton (offers to pay him) to get a new icon. The sexton polishes the old icon and pretends that the saint has returned. The clergyman promises always to give the icon good food. The sexton thus eats well in the future.",NA,1829.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572B*,What God Gave Him,,"Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 298; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Indian: Jason 1989.","A guest pulls all of the meat out of the soup and says, 'What I caught, that is what God gave me.' After dinner the host pulls the guest by the hair and speaks the same words.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der pfarrer mit dem sueppensegnen (1553).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572C*,'Don't Contradict Me!' (Previously No Forced Gift),,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 265, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1572D*; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1572C*, 1572D*; Ukrainian: SUS.","(Including the previous Type 1572D*.) A guest refuses something that his host has offered. Snapping, 'Don't contradict me!', the host beats him. The guest replies, 'Don't tell me what to do!', and strikes back. In some variants, the host beats one guest for contradicting him. Another guest eats everything that is offered to him, trades his poor clothes with the better ones of the host, and rides away on the host's horse. (Previously Type 1572D*.)",NA,1829.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572E*,The Clever Coachman and the Hungry Master,,"Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 135; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Ukrainian: SUS.","While traveling, a master neglects to bring (order) food for his coachman. The coachman intentionally leaves his master behind in the forest.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572F*,Turning the Shovel Backwards,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 259; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Dutch: Groningen 11 (1928) 151; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 267, Bodens 1937, No. 154, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 160; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 4.","A farmhand dislikes large peas (beans), so he eats with his spoon upside down, saying, 'If you stay on, I will eat you.' He gets married (his master sends him away) and has to provide for himself. Being in trouble, he asks his former master for a shovelful of uncooked peas. They go to the storeroom and the master turns the shovel upside down. He scoops the dry peas, saying, 'If you stay on, I will measure you.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572K*,Not Many Words,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: e.g. Meyer 1925a, No. 98, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 6, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 155; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3128; Iraqi: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 339.","A master (woman) explains to his new farmhand that he does not like to use a lot of words. When he winks, the farmhand should come. The farmhand answers that that is fine with him, because he does not like to waste words either. When he shakes his head, that means he is not coming.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572L*,No Pay for Lying in the Sun,Fabula 20 (1979) 165 No. 74.,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Dietz 1951, No. 258, Neumann 1976, 271f.; Slovakian: Ranke 1972, No. 188; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5072; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, 710.","Instead of working, a lazy farmhand lies down outdoors and sleeps. His master tells him that he does not deserve the sunshine that falls on him. The farmhand answers that he is lying in the shade (he will lie in the shade in the future).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572M*,The Apprentice's Dream,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 434.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 29; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 276, Neumann 1968b, No. 119a, Selk 1982, 43f.","An apprentice tells his master that he dreamed he fell in a barrel of liquid manure and that the master fell into a barrel of honey. The master says that if this had happened the other way around, he would have punished him. Then the apprentice tells him the end of the dream: After they climbed out of the barrels, they had to lick each other clean.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1572N*,Cure for Constipation,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1576**; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 24.","A master (king) complains to his servant (coachman) that he is constipated. In order to cure him, the servant takes the master for a drive. After a while, the master feels his bowels loosen and asks the servant to stop. The servant keeps on driving until the master cannot wait any longer. Then he stops the coach and lets him get down. This time, the master's bowels open immediately.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1573*,The Clever Servant as Trouble Maker,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 158 No. 42, 193 No. 14, 195 No. 20; Basset 1924ff. II, 479 No. 178.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, cf. Jason 1988a, No. 1573*�*A; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: cf. Bjazyrov 1960, No. 26; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 139ff.; Turkmen: cf. Stebleva 1969, No. 44; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A servant creates great discord in his master's household: he puts dough in his master's bed and a newborn lamb in his daughters', ties the dogs together, sticks a flute in the donkey's backside, etc [cf. K2134]. The next morning, a fight breaks out over which of the parents relieved himself in bed, which of the daughters gave birth, etc.",NA,700.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1574,The Tailor's Dream,"Frey/Bolte 1896, 256; Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 I, No. 65; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 190; BP I, 343; Schwarzbaum 1968, 162f., 470; EM: Schneider mit der Lappenfahne (forthcoming).","Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 17; French: Deulin 1874, No. 1; Dutch: Janssen 1979, 19f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1497; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 120, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 108, Moser-Rath 1984, 204, 291, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 130; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 214; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 435; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 14; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 180; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","For many years, a tailor has stolen cloth from his customers. He dreams that on Judgment Day he has to answer to God by making a flag out of all the pieces of stolen cloth. After this dream, he swears not to steal any more, and asks one of his employees to remind him of the dream if he ever lapses. For a long time, the tailor steals nothing. One day he is given some particularly fine material and plans to steal it. When the employee reminds him of his resolution, the tailor replies that this particular piece of material was not part of the flag [J1401].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1574*,The Foresightful Farmhand (previously The Flattering Foreman),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 264; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1574; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 50, Wiepert 1964, No. 130, Neumann 1968a, No. 3; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 32.","Whenever the master tells his farmhand what work should be done the following day, the farmhand says, 'I already thought of that.' Finally the master dupes him by saying that tomorrow they must sow salt. The farmhand says that he had already thought of that [K1637]. Cf. Type 1200.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1574A,The Stolen Piece of Cloth (previously The Oversight of the Thievish Tailor),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 231; EM: Schneider (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 261�263; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2005*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1574C, cf. No. *1574D; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 2005*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1574C; German: cf. Meier 1852, No. 47, Moser-Rath 1984, 204, 291; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4703*; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1574C; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1574C.","(Including the previous Types 1574B and 1574C.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) By mistake, a tailor sews a piece of cloth he has stolen on the outside of his coat, rather than on the inside. (2) A tailor takes advantage of an opportunity to cut a big piece of cloth. Then he realizes that he cut it out of his own coat [X221.1]. Or, the tailor, who regularly takes part of his customers' cloth for himself, cuts out some cloth for himself and lays a piece aside. When his wife asks what he is doing, he replies he did not want to get out of practice. (Previously Type 1574B.) (3) A stingy woman has the tailor come to her own house so that he will not be able to steal her cloth. The tailor cuts a piece and throws it out of the window, saying, 'That is the devil's piece.' While the woman runs outside to retrieve it, the tailor cuts another big piece of cloth for himself [K341.13]. (Previously Type 1574C.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1575*,The Clever Shepherd,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 403; EM 2 (1979) 228.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 265; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 372; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 288; Hungarian: G�czi 1989, No. 153; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 140ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1575A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1575*; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 185; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 128.","A master refuses to pay back the money he has borrowed from his shepherd (the master makes his farmhand work too hard or gives him poor food). The shepherd hides up in a tree. When the master passes by, the shepherd calls out his name in a disguised voice and demands that the master pay (assign different work, give better food). The master believes that it is God speaking to him and does what the shepherd demands [K1971.2]. Cf. Type 1380A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1575A*,God Speaks,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 48; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 372; Frisian: Kooi 1984a.","A man (clergyman) rides his bicycle (walks) along a road bordered by trees. One (more) of his neighbors hides behind a tree and calls out his name (calls, 'Turn back!'). After this happens three times, the man thinks it is God who is speaking to him, and he answers, 'Yes, Lord, I hear you.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1577,Blind Men Duped into Fighting,"Gonnella/Wesselski 1920, No. 21; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 646; Rhaue 1922; B�dier 1925, 447; EM 2 (1979) 462�467 (H. Breitkreuz); Uther 1981, 78�80.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 517f.; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 182; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1081.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 66, Overbeke/Dekker 1991, No. 516; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1216; German: Debus 1951, No. A71, Moser-Rath 1984, 79; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1635I; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: cf. SUS, No. 1577**; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Swynnerton 1908, No. 4, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 43f.; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A trickster (Eulenspiegel) says that he is giving one of several blind men some money which they all should share. However, he does not give any of them any money. Each suspects the others of cheating and they fight. The trickster watches from a safe distance [K1081.1]. In some variants, the trickster takes them to an inn to drink but does not give any of them the money. Cf. Type 1526A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1577*,Blind Robber Paid Back,"Rhaue 1922; EM 2 (1979) 462�467 (H. Breitkreuz); Uther 1981, 81.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 51; Slovene: Vede 3 (1850) 23; Bulgarian: BFP; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5331; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 140ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 345; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 95, Jason 1965; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 116; Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Swynnerton 1908, No. 4; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.",A blind trickster steals from (does not return some money to) a harmless man. The injured man follows the blind man home and steals his whole hoard of money [cf. N455.1]. Often he robs (tricks) several blind men.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1577**,The Blind Man Tricked,"Anderson 1960, 64; Frenzel 1976, 55; Uther 1981, 76�78; EM 8 (1996) 806.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 29; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K1043.4.*, Chevalier 1983, No. 83; Portuguese: Ranke 1972, No. 104, Parafita 2001f. II, No. 204, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1577*A; German: Casalicchio (1702) I, 510ff., Abraham a Sancta Clara, Huy und Pfuy (1707) 176, Kobolt, Schertz und Ernst (1747) 469f. (EM archive), Wossidlo 1910, 75f.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1577A; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2054.","A boy who works as a guide and servant to a stingy blind man is so hungry that he steals a sausage (pie) from him. The blind man smells that the boy has eaten the food and beats him. The boy takes revenge by pretending to help the blind man cross a pit. He leads the man near a post (tree), runs a few steps, and pretends to jump over the pit. The blind man copies him and jumps into the post. He falls and is injured. The boy comments, 'If he could smell that I ate the sausage, he should have smelled that there was a post there.' Cf. Type 1577.","Documented in the middle of the 16th century in the anonymous picaresque novel, Lazarillo de Tormes (I,90b).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1578*,The Inventive Beggar,,"Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. *1578C*, *1578D*; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K341.1.3*; German: cf. Gr�ner 1964, No. 524; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II.","A beggar gives a woman his knife to cut off a piece of bread for him and pretends that he used the knife before to dismember a dog. (Or, a Gypsy tells a bishop that he tasted food from the bishop's dish.) The woman (bishop) is so appalled that she gives him the whole loaf (dish) [K344.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1578A*,The Drinking Cup,"Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 1031, 1069.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 267; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 466, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 610, Cardigos (forthcoming); Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1578A*, cf. No. *1578A**; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1554.","A boy (girl, servant girl) offers a thirsty guest a glass (bowl) of water (milk, juice, wine). After he drinks, the boy tells him that a mouse had drowned in the water or that the bowl had been used as a chamber pot (dog's dish).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1578B*,How a Woman Came to Loathe Tripe,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1578B**; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1578B; Jewish: Jason 1975.",A woman develops an aversion to offal (tripe) after she sees the unappetizing manner of its preparation.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1578C*,The Apple,Fabula 2 (1959) 200.,"Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 43; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 48; German: Dietz 1951, No. 79, Cammann 1973, 246, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 59.","A farmer (boy) brings two apples (pears) to his landlord. The landlord bites one himself and gives the other back to the farmer. The farmer takes out a knife to peel his apple, and the landlord asks why he does not eat the peel. The farmer tells him that one of the apples fell into a cowpat (manure) but he is not sure which one it was.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1579,"Carrying Wolf, Goat, and Cabbage across Stream","Feilberg 1886ff. II, 354f., III, 970a; ZfVk. 13 (1905) 95f., 311, 33 (1923/24) 38f.; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wolf, Ziege und Kohlkopf (in prep.).","Latvian: Carpenter 1980, 231f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Orain 1904, 208ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 286; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Geldof 1950, 113f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 271, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 125; Italian: Pitr� 1875 IV, No. 260; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 452; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5729; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1579, cf. No. 1579**; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 45, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sierra Leone: Kilson 1976, No. 1; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4321; Ethiopian: M�ller 1902ff. II, No. 18, cf. No. 17, Moreno 1947, No. 2; Eritrean: Littmann 1910 No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1240; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A man has to cross a stream in a boat that will hold himself and only one other object. He needs to transport a wolf (lion, jackal), a goat (sheep), and a cabbage (bundle of hay, pumpkin). He must be sure that, when he is out in the boat, the wolf does not eat the goat and the goat does not eat the cabbage. There are two solutions. (1) He takes the goat across, then takes wolf across and brings goat back; he takes cabbage across, comes back, and takes the goat across last. (2) He takes the goat over, then takes the cabbage over and brings the goat back; he takes wolf over, and then takes goat over last [H506.3].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1579**,A Hundred Animals,,"Irish: Hull/Taylor 1955, No. 652; Dutch: Geldof 1950, 106, Kocks 1990, 16; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1579D*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 215; German: Wossidlo 1897ff. I, No. 898, Hen�en 1961, No. 12, Cammann 1973, 220; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 927*C.","A man (farmer) is driving a herd of pigs (sheep). Someone asks him where he is going with his hundred animals. He answers, 'If I had this many again, and half, and a quarter, and one, then I would have a hundred animals.' Answer: He has 36 animals.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1580A*,Mounting the Horse,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 39; French: Dulac 1925, 98; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 187, Wossidlo 1939 I, No. 445, Dittmaier 1950, No. 526; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 358; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4480; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1349; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A drunken traveler (clergyman) is unable to mount his horse. He calls on God, various saints, and the forty holy martyrs to help him. He then manages to get up onto the saddle, but falls over the other side. He concoles himself that he had too many helpers.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1585,The Lawyer's Mad Client,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 36; Oliver 1909; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 326; Kretzenbacher 1956; Tubach 1969, No. 2259; Dufournet/Rousse 1986; Marzolph 1991; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 87; EM 10 (2002) 620�624 (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 268; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 176ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 28, Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 17, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 124�128; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 27; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 235f.; French: S�billot 1881, No. 7, Meyrac 1890, 420ff., Joisten 1971 II, No. 133.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1655, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 586, 589, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 327; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 227ff., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 213, Moser-Rath 1984, 287f., 291, 440f., Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 9, 144, Haiding 1977a, No. 30; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1585, and app.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 170, MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 106ff.; Slovene: Vrtec 74 (1943�44) 102f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5672, 5672A; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1585, cf. No. *1585A; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 5; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 21, Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 74; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 157ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1585A�; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, No. 110, Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 20, IX, No. 11; US-American: Randolph 1952, 152f.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 74; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 392, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1585, 1585A�; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, 139f.; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 55ff.; East African: Klipple 1992.","A farmer (in financial distress) sells the same animal (hog, cow, calf, hare) to several different people (has committed other misdemeanors) and is to stand trial. His lawyer advises him to plead insanity, and to speak only in animal noises (barks, bleats) or always to answer in the same words (yes, aha, nothing, nonsense words). He is not convicted, and his lawyer demands his fee. The man uses the same trick and does not pay [K1655]. Cf. Type 1534D*.","Documented in the 9th century as an Arabian anecdote. Popularized through the 15th-century French farce, Maistre Pathelin.",1735.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1585*,The Farmer's Promise,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1588; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 42.","A farmer consults a lawyer and promises to send him a hare as payment (is paid for a hare which he claims he sent to his master). When the lawyer (master) later asks where the hare is, the farmer answers that he sent it to him, but perhaps the animal did not know (forgot) the address.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1586,The Man in Court for Killing a Fly,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 118 nos. 99, 100; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 280, II, No. 428; BP I, 519; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 673; Gy�rgy 1932, 26f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 362f.; EM 4 (1984) 1284�1290 (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph 1995a, 279f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 269; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 163A*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1586, 1586A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 163A*; Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 45; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 49; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 265ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1586A; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, 231, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 5.1; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, Nos. 354, 397, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1586, 1586A; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 163A*, 1586; German: Neumann 1968a, No. 173, Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 291, 437, Tomkowiak 1993, 271 No. 1586A, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 165; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 157, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 855; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1586, 1586A, and app., Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, Nos. 69, 79; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 122, MNK I, No. 163A*, VII B, Nos. 1433*, 1586, 1586A; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 86f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 169; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 87; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 610; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3692, 3856, cf. Schott/Schott 1971, No. 45; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 163A*, 1586, 1586A; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 13; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1433*, 1586, 1586A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1586, 1586A; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 163A*, 1586; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 163A*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 38, 327 III 4c, 327 V, Aganin et al. 1960, 216; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 163A*, 1586, Jason 1975, Nos. 1433*, 1586A, Jason 1988a, No. 163A*; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 149, MNK X 1, Nos. 1433*, 1586, 1586A; Dagestan: Levin 1978, No. 50; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Azerbaijan: Dirr 1920, No. 80; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 324; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 81f., Reichl 1985, 24f.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 57, 75, Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 52; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1586A; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1433*, 1586A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1586A; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1586A; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 118, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1586A, Jason 1989, Nos. 163A*, 1586A, Blackburn 2001, No. 61; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 79; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 411 No. 285; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1*, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 1586A; Filipino: cf. Fansler 1921, No. 9; North American Indian: Robe 1973, No. 1586A, Bierhorst 1995, 54, 82; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1586A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 84; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b, No. 93; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 162A*, 1433*, 1586, 1586A; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1433*, 1586, 1586A; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1586, 1586A; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 137ff.; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 191ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, No. 1586A.","(Including the previous Types 163A*, 1433*, and 1586A.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man (farmer, baker, fool) goes to court, accusing flies of stealing (previously Type 1433*). The judge (mayor, czar) decrees that the man may kill whatever flies he can. A fly lands on the judge's nose (cheek), and the complainant carries out the sentence. The judge is injured or killed, but no one can accuse the foolish fly-killer [J1193.1]. (2) A fool (several fools) tries to kill (shoo away) a fly (several flies, bees, etc.) with an unsuitable instrument (ax, cannon, sword, gun, etc.). He accidentally kills the person whom the insect had been bothering [J1833, J1833.1]. (Previously Type 1586A.) Cf. Type 248. In some variants the killer is an (tame) animal (e.g. bear, monkey) [N333.2]. (Previously Type 163A*.)","Version (2) is found in ancient classical (Phaedrus/Perry 1965, V,3) and Indian (Makasa-jtaka, Rohini-jtaka) sources. It was popularized in Europe in the 15th�16th centuries through Girolamo Morlini�s novella (No. 21).","1319*, 1341, 1642, 1643, and 1681B."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1586B,The Fine for Assault,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 186 No. 109; Montanus/Bolte 1899, 279f., 597; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 172; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 718.","Dutch: Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak 1 (1883) 238; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1586C*; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 386 No. 74, Tomkowiak 1987, 115f., 177 No. 77, Gr�mmer 1990, 27; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 176; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5651; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 288; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 76; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1804*C; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.",A man who hates the mayor (judge) asks him how much the fine would be if he hit someone (is required to pay a fine for having hit someone). He pays that amount (double) and hits the mayor [J1193.2]. Cf. Type 1804E.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1588*,The Unseen,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 271; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 138; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Neumann 1968b, 110; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4648; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; African American: Abrahams 1970, 236f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A judge calls a certain man as a witness and asks him whether he saw something. The man answers, he only heard. The judge dismisses him, saying that anything he heard is worth nothing. As he leaves, the witness produces a powerful fart. The judge reproves him, but the man asks him whether he saw it: anything he heard is worth nothing.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1588**,Cheater Caught by Seizing on his own Words,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 101f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 519; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 206, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 74; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 437f.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, Nos. **1588, **1588A; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000.","A father warns his sons against red-haired and red-faced men. They stay with a red-haired innkeeper. They like his food so much that they tell him each spoonful is worth ten francs. The innkeeper secretly counts how many spoonfuls they eat. When they go to pay, he demands a great amount of money. Further on, the sons meet a red-faced man and are about to flee. He stops them and asks why, so they tell him about their father's warning and the innkeeper's trickery. The red-faced man goes back with them to the inn. The innkeeper is about to slaughter an animal, and the red-faced man contracts to buy a quarter (the shoulder). He draws his sword as if he would slaughter the innkeeper and take a quarter of his body [K2310]. The innkeeper redeems himself for as much money as the sons had paid for their food. The red-faced man gives them the money.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1588***,The Fraudulent Will,"Wesselski 1931, 14.","Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 339�341; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Schell 1907, 90, Dittmaier 1950, No. 523; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1604; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1588.","A trickster (who has been coached by a relative, or who is working with an accomplice) impersonates a man who has died and dictates his will to a notary who does not know about the death. Contrary to a prearranged plan, the new will benefits the trickster (gives him the entire estate).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1589,The Lawyer's Dog Steals Meat,EM 6 (1990) 1348�1350 (H.-J. Uther).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 34, 150; Spanish: RE 4 (1965) 449f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Buse 1975, No. 343; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Marzolph 1996, No. 553; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A butcher sees a dog stealing meat. He runs after it and finds out that it is a lawyer's dog. He asks the lawyer what the punishment is for this crime and is told how much the damages would be. The butcher tells the lawyer that it was his (i.e. the lawyer's) dog. The lawyer pays the damages, but calls the butcher back and demands more money (double) in payment for his advice [K488]. Cf. Type 1734*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1590,The Tresspasser's Defense,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 251; Gonnella/Wesselski 1920, Nos. 1, 34, 34a; HDA 3 (1930/31) 1137�1157 (W. M�ller-Bergstr�m); HDA 6 (1934/35) 111�123 (H. Fehr); Pfleger 1938; Orend 1958; Tubach 1969, No. 3563; Kretzenbacher 1976; EM 3 (1981) 1142�1150 (H.-J. Uther); Kretzenbacher 1983; Uther 1985; Kretzenbacher 1988, 24�37; Hansen 2002, 447�450.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 272; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. J1161.3; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 327f.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 59; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 284f., II, 298, Meyer 1968; German: cf. M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. H 49, Moser-Rath 1984, 75, 288, Tomkowiak 1987, 178, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 101, Neumann 1998, 86, 87ff., Berger 2001, Nos. 1590*, 49 (p. 124); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 6f., 17f., 27, 91, 367f., 564f., 762, II, 90f., 211, 342f., 363, 412, 602, 787, 868, III, 272, 310, 315, 432, 508, 703, 730, 736f., 892f., 906; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1942, 77ff., Haiding 1965, No. 147; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. J1161.3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1590, and app., Appari 1992, No. 39; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 87, MNK VII B; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 545; Slovene: Majar 1888, 58ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kara-Kalpak: Reichl 1985, 24f.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 250ff.; Filipino: Fansler 1921, Nos. 7b, 49; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 428; French American: Saucier 1962, Nos. 14, 15; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Ethiopian: Courlander/Leslau 1850, 81ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Two men fight over a piece of land that each claims is his own. The case comes to court. The false owner (one or more witnesses) swears a false oath [K475]: The perjurer takes earth from his own property and puts it in his shoes (a ladle or comb under his hat). He goes to the property (before the judge) and swears that he is standing on his own ground, or calls on the creator (the ladle, German Sch'pfer) or the judge (the comb, German dialect Richter) as witness [K2310, M105]. The case is decided in favor of the trickster (he is punished through an ordeal or by human or supernatural forces immediately or after death [Q270, Q272]). The tale concludes with an explanation of local property ownership (a warning against false testimony). (2) Through laziness (criminal activities, etc.), a man (Eulenspiegel) falls out of the favor of his king (master). As punishment (to get rid of him), he is banished. The man comes back in a cart with foreign soil (foreign dirt in his shoes) and thus cleverly avoids his punishment [J1161.3]. He is reconciled with the king (is banished again; is captured and subjected to a fake execution, and dies of fright).","The oldest known form of version (1) is found in a short, 12th-century account of the life of St. Egwinus (died 717). Version (2) is documented in the late 14th century (Sacchetti, No. 27) and has since been attached to many well-known tricksters.","922, 1535."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1591,The Three Joint Depositors,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 63f. No. 28; Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 I, No. 41; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 113; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 215; Wesselski 1931, 37; Schwarzbaum 1968, 161f., 470; Tubach 1969, No. 3353; EM 5 (1987) 1274�1276 (R. Kvideland); Schwarzbaum 1989, 270f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1170; Hansen 2002, 427�429; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 207.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 95ff.; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 298f., 394f.; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1161.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1161.1; Portuguese: Henriques/Gouveia et al. 2001, No. 142, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1795; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 288, Tomkowiak 1993, 271; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, 38f.; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 171; Czech: Hor�k 1971, 88ff.; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 15 (1881) 238; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 15, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 87; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 148f.; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 191ff., B�l�zs 1956, 113ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Esche 1976, 84f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Dermenghem 1945, 115ff.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Two men leave money with a woman and instruct her to return it only when both of them demand it. Later, one asks for the money and explains that the other has since died. The woman gives it to him. The second man comes and demands the money. The woman will not give it to him so he takes her to court. Her lawyer (Demosthenes) advises her: She should tell the judge about the agreement and offer to pay out the money only when both of the men come and demand it. The case is dismissed. (2) Three men leave money with a banker, with the same instructions as in version (1). One of the three arranges with the others to withdraw some of the money. He tells his companions he will take only a small amount, but he takes the entire sum from the banker. The banker asks the two others, who agree, thinking it is only a small sum. The cheater leaves, and the tale ends as in version (1), following the instructions of a clever adviser [J1161.1].","Version (1) was first recorded by Valerius Maximus, Facta et dicta memorabilia (VII,3, ext. 5). Version (2) comes from Angelo Poliziano (No. 215).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1592,The Iron-eating Mice,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 191; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 92 No. 37; Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 11; BP II, 372; Schwarzbaum 1968, 104f., 461; Marzolph 1983b, No. 112; EM 9 (1999) 442�445 (U. Marzolph).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 185, Goldberg 1998, J1531.2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, No. 26, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 322; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 293; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 42; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Hatami 1977, No. 3, cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1592, Marzolph 1994a, 281ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 54.1; Indonesian: cf. Vries 1925f. I, No. 76; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North African, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 388, Topper 1986, No. 31, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Jahn 1970, No. 56, El-Shamy 2004.","A merchant going on a journey leaves some iron (iron object, lead, gold) in trust with someone (another merchant, innkeeper, friend, Jew). When he comes back later for his property, the trustee claims that mice (rats) have eaten it. The merchant kidnaps the son of the trustee and claims that a falcon (other raptor) carried him off. The judge decides that the two men should make an exchange [J1531.2]. In a Middle Eastern version, the cheated man calls on a trickster (Nasreddin Hodja, Bohlul) for help. This helper threatens to destroy (burn) the house in order to punish the thieving mice. The trustee relents.","Documented in Indian literature (Tantrkhyyika, Jtakas, Kathsaritsgara). Popularized in Europe through Arabic translations from the Pa�catantra (Kalila and Dimna). The motif of the iron-eating mice can already be found in the antique literature: Plinius, Naturalis historia (VIII,221f.).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1592A,The Transformed Gold (previously The Transformed Golden Pumpkin),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 533; Schwarzbaum 1968, 105, 461; EM 9 (1999) 442�445 (U. Marzolph).","Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 293; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Dagestan: Levin 1978, No. 52; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 92ff.; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 4; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 104; Tunisian: Stumme 1893, No. 10.","A merchant (carpenter, pilgrim) gives his neighbor (friend, cadi, Jew) (a vessel of) gold to keep for him. When the merchant later asks for it back, the trustee gives him (a similar vessel of) copper (brass, tallow) and claims that the gold changed to base metal. The merchant kidnaps the son (children) of the false trustee. He trains an animal (monkey, bear) so that it welcomes the trustee and claims that the boy turned into the animal [J1531.1]",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1592B,The Pot Has a Child and Dies,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 35; BP II, 372; Basset 1924ff. I, 304 No. 45; Schwarzbaum 1968, 24, 104f., 444, 461; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 502; EM: Topf hat ein Kind (in prep.).","Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 12; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 91; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 43; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4772A, 5524; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 19; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 386; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 86f., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 386, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1531.3, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1928, 273 not. 1; North African, Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A borrower returns a pot together with a small one, claiming that the pot gave birth to a child. He borrows the pot again but does not return it, claiming that the pot died [J1531.3].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1592B*,The Deceiving Merchant,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 1592*; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 34; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4786.","While counting a hundred eggs, an egg merchant cheats a woman by asking questions about the ages of various people (family members) and adding those numbers to the number he has recorded [J2035].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1593,The Clothesline,"Basset 1892, 60.","Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1595B*; Turkish: Hikmet 1959, 26; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. **1592D; Moroccan: Mouli�ras/D�jeux 1987, No. 58.","A man refuses to lend his neighbor a clothesline, saying that he needs it to dry flour (grain). When the neighbor questions this, the man replies that he will use his clothesline for anything at all in order not to have to lend it [J1531].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1594,The Donkey Is Not at Home,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 139; Basset 1892, 60; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 65; cf. Marzolph 1987a, No. 193.","Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1552.1.1, Chevalier 1983, No. 204; German: Ruckard, Lachende Schule (1736) 254 No. 162 (EM archive); Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. J1552.1.1; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 59; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1595C*, cf. No. *1595D*; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 3; Turkish: Hikmet 1959, 111; Jewish: Jason 1988, No. 1631*B, Haboucha 1992, No. **1592C; Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1534E�; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 41ff.; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 116 No. 20, 178, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1534E�; Moroccan: Mouli�ras/D�jeux 1987, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1534E�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1534E�.","A farmer wants to borrow his neighbor's donkey, but the neighbor says it has already been loaned to someone else (sent out to pasture, sent to work, etc.) The farmer hears the donkey braying in its stall (sees it tied up) and says the neighbor must be lying. The neighbor asks why he would believe a donkey rather than a man like himself [J1552.1.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1595,The Rabbit Poacher,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1598*; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 508, Dietz 1951, No. 138, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 168; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 109, Ranke 1972, No. 102.","In order to catch hares in his garden, a man (shoemaker) sets a trap with a cord tied to a bell that will ring when an animal is caught. When the game warden learns about this, he goes to talk to the would-be poacher. Just then the bell rings. The two men go together into the garden and find the hare in the trap. The poacher takes the animal out, beats it with a stick, and then sets it free, saying, 'That will teach you not to come back here!'",Early version in the Greek Philogelos (No. 146).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1600,The Fool as Murderer,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 280; Wesselski 1911 II, Nos. 347, 415, 430; Basset 1924ff. I, 338 No. 63; EM 5 (1987) 149; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1128; EM: Schafskopf: Der begrabene S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 273; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 256; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 255, Viidalepp 1980, No. 132; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 265ff.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 3, Espinosa 1988, No. 359; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 468; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 75; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: cf. MNK VII C, No. 1643A*; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3012; Bulgarian: BFP; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 43; Albanian: cf. Lambertz 1922, No. 14; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 323 (4�6); Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Erd�sz/Futaky 1996, No. 29; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 55; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 328; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 479; Saudi Arabian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 450; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 29, Jason 1989; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 412 No. 308; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 132ff.; Algerian: Rivi�re 1892, 43f., El-Shamy 2004.","A fool murders a man (finds a corpse) whom he throws into a well. His brothers (father) remove the corpse unnoticed and put the carcass of a goat in its place. The fool confesses to the murder and is told he must show the head of the dead man as evidence. He finds only the dead goat and is surprised to see that the murdered man had horns. With this evidence, no one believes he committed a murder, and he is set free. Cf. Types 1381B, 1381C, 1381E.","Types 1381B, 1381C, and 1600 are very similar and in some cases indistinguishable.","1029, 1381, 1586, 1642, 1643, 1644, 1653, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1605*,The Tax Exemption,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 274; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1605.","A farmer buys a stallion in order to avoid paying taxes. When the tax collector comes, the stallion copulates with his mare. The tax collector is frightened and runs away. Or, a soldier rides into a village on his donkey. He claims that his donkey can take care of all the villagers' taxes. When the tax collector comes, the donkey attacks his horse. The tax collector forgives all the taxes owed.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1610,Sharing the Reward (previously To Divide Presents and Strokes),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 66, V, 282 No. 166, VI, 18ff. No. 190; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 495; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 56; Wesselski 1909, No. 122; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 328; BP I, 59�67; Reinhard 1923; Basset 1924ff. I, 317 No. 48; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 614; Wesselski 1925, No. 13; Legman 1968f. II, 825; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 535; EM 6 (1990) 449f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 351; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 133; EM: Teilung von Geschenken und Schl�gen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 275; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos.48a(2), 93(4), II, No. 288; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 24, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 137�139; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K187, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 59; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 399, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 7, Neumann 1998, Nos. 23, 27, 28, Berger 2001; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 118; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 163, MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929f. I, 123f., II 2, 417ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 118, 213, 281; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 327ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 267; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1616, cf. No. 1610A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: K�nos 1905, 211ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 316, 323; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 44; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 30, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1992 II, No. 351; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3795, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992.","A farmer finds the king's hawk, which had been lost while hunting, and wants to give it back to the king. He meets a soldier (watchman, Jew, minister, general) who offers to lead him to the king if the farmer will give him half of the reward. The farmer agrees. When they arrive with the hawk, the king asks the farmer what reward he would like. The farmer asks for a beating, half of which is given to the soldier. When the farmer explains their arrangement, the king gives him an extra sum of money [K187]. Cf. Types 1642, 1689.","Oriental origin, documented in the 10th century as an Arabian anecdote.","571, 1567C, and 1642."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1611,Contest in Climbing the Mast,"EM: Wettklettern, -schwimmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 276; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 326(3); Swedish: Liungman 1961; English, Scottish: Briggs 1968f. A II, 58f.; North American Indian: JAFL 30 (1917) 482 No. 7, Thompson 1919, 433; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 63.","A youth climbs up the mast of a ship, falls down, and is caught in the rigging. He calls to the sailors, 'Can you do that' They think he fell on purpose and take him for an experienced sailor [K1762].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1612,The Contest in Swimming,"EM: Wettklettern, -schwimmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 276; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 326(3); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Briggs 1968f. A II, 99f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1503; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; North American Indian: JAFL 30 (1917) 482 No. 7; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 22; Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 63.",Two swimmers are to compete. One of them takes a knapsack with provisions. His rival gives up the contest [K1761].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1613,Playing Cards Are my Calendar and Prayer book,"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 55; Bolte 1901b; Bolte 1903; B�ck 1955; Cray 1961; Fife 1968; Wilgus/Rosenberg 1970; Kooi 1979a, 98�102; Scheiber 1985, 25�35; EM 7 (1993) 1007�1011 (R. W. Brednich).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 277; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 327; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 448, Kristensen 1897a, No. 26; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 33, B II, 107ff.; French: Joisten 1956, No. 6, Joisten 1971 II, No. 266; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1613*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1613, 2340; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 68, B�ck 1955, Zender 1966, No. 59, Berger 2001; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 106, MNK VII B; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3646, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 50; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 34; US-American: Baughman 1966; Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 1613A�.","(Including the previous Type 2340.) A soldier (servant) is caught playing cards during church. His sergeant demands that he put the cards away, but the soldier refuses. When the soldier is brought to the major for punishment, he explains that each card has a spiritual significance: the ace is God the Father, the deuce is the dual nature of Christ, the three is the Holy Trinity, the four is the four evangelists, the five is the wounds of Christ, etc. , up to ten. Then come the face cards: the four queens are the Virgin Mary and the three women at the Holy Sepulchur, the four kings show the three wise men and the greatest among them whom they came to worship, etc. Then the soldier explains that the deck of cards is also a calendar, with 365 spots, 52 pages and 12 pictures. He lays the jack of clubs aside, saying that this card is not respectable. The major asks what it represents, and the soldier replies that it is the sergeant who accused him of blasphemy. The major rewards the solider with money (and punishes him in addition) [H603]. Cf. Types1827A, 1839B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1613A*,Political Convictions,"Kooi 1980, 67�69.","English: Wardroper 1970, 20, 185; Dutch: Huizenga-Onnekes/Laan 1930, 153ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Fischer 1955, 369.","In the 18th century a man is brought before a group of men and asked if he is a monarchist or a republican. He answers, 'A republican,' and is beaten because the group of men are monarchists. Some time later, he is questioned again. Now he answers, 'Monarchist.' This time the group is republican, so the man is beaten again. The third time this happens, the man answers, 'I belong to the devil!' This time no one beats him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1614*,Repairing the Well (previously A Clever Device),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 235f.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 35; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Ranke 1972, No. 97; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1614A*; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A farmer digs a well, but it caves in. He puts his jacket and cap next to the hole and hides. The passers-by think that someone has been trapped in the well and dig to rescue him. When they have repaired the hole, the farmer comes out of hiding and thanks them [K474].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1615,The Marked Coin (previously The Heller Thrown into Other's Money),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 253 No. 151, VII, 153 No. 433; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 387; BP II, 151 not. 1; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 566; HDM 2 (1934�40) 472; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 425; EM: Teilung des Geldes (in prep.).","Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 126, Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 60; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 391; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 391; Algerian: Rivi�re 1892, 61ff., El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A trickster observes thieves dividing their booty. He ties a red string through a hole in his only coin and puts it in among the thieves' money. Then he claims that all the money is his, because it includes his marked coin. The thieves give him a share of the booty [K446].","Documented in the 14th century by John Bromyard in his collection Summa predicantium (A XII,4).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1617,Unjust Banker Deceived into Delivering Deposits,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 252 No. 149, VIII, 171 No. 191, IX, 23 No. 13; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 723; Penzer 1924ff. III, 118ff.; Marmorstein 1934; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 183; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 116; Schwarzbaum 1968, 240f., 476; Tubach 1969, Nos. 3355, 4969, cf. No. 3359; Karlinger 1987, 44f.; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 449, 450, cf. No. 813; EM 8 (1996) 375�380 (U. Marzolph); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 354, 426.","Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 93, Boberg 1966, No. K1667; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 354, Goldberg 1998, No. K1667; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 203, II, No. 424, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Gubitz 1835ff. XX, 49ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Gy�rgy 1934, No. 113; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 37; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *926E***; Turkish: Menzel 1923 II, 89ff.; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 135, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Adygea: Dum�zil 1957, No. 17, Levin 1978, No. 46; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 98; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 66; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 256ff.; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, No. 83; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 25; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, Nos. 111, 113, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Campbell 1952, 158ff., El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mode/Ray 1967, 301ff., Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 64; Nepalese: cf. Unbescheid 1987, No. 37; Mexican: Aiken 1935, 46f.; North African: cf. Scelles-Millie 1970, 109f.; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 382, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A man (woman) goes on a journey (pilgrimage) and/or gives his money (jewels, other valuables) to an acquaintance (official, religious person, judge) to keep on his behalf. When he asks for his money back, the acquaintance lies and says that he has nothing of that man's. A friend (wife, ruler) helps the man get his money back by making the cheater believe that if he returns it, he will be given even more [K455.9, K476.2, K1667]. In addition to this European form, this type exhibits considerable variation.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 118), Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 15), Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 421) and Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,10).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1617*,The Blind Man's Treasure,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 103, No. 77; Prato 1894, 371; ZfVk. 33/34 (1923/24) 99; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 19; Tubach 1969, No. 696; Spies 1973b, 181�186; EM 1 (1977) 706; EM 2 (1979) 235, 459; Ranke 1979, 163 No. 14; EM 3 (1981) 636; Uther 1981, 46�50, 81, 137; EM 6 (1990) 294; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 499; EM: Schatz des Blinden (forthcoming).","Spanish: Boggs 1930, No. *1617, Childers 1948, No. K1667.1.1*, cf. Childers 1977, No. K1667.1.3*; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. K1667.1*, Braga 1987 I, 239f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1617; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2343; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Melander/Ketzel (1607) II, 58, Joco-Seria (1631) No. 148, Exilium melancholiae (1643) No. 97 (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 287f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 71; Italian: Schenda 1996, No. 9; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 363f., Neuman 1954, No. J1141*, Jason 1988a, No. *1617; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 111; Iranian: Marzolph 1983b, No. 60, Marzolph 1995b, 467 No. 67; Indian: Hertel 1922b, No. 62, Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K421.1; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 452; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 382; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 114.","A (blind) man buries a treasure, but is observed by another man (neighbor). Or the blind man tells his godfather where the treasure is hidden. The money is stolen. The blind man tricks the suspect by telling him that he had planned to put the same amount (an even greater sum) of money in the same place. The thief brings the stolen money back in the hope that he can steal double the amount. In the end he gets nothing [J1141.6, K421.1, K1667.1, K1667.1.1, K1667.1.2].","Documented in the early 11th century as an Arabian anecdote. Other medieval versions include Ram�n Llul, Libre de maravellas, ca. 1289 (VI,34), and Mensa philosophica (IV,21). Important literary treatment, see La Fontaine, Fables (X,5).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1620,The Emperor's New Clothes,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 156 No. 32, VIII, 130 No. 120; Gonnella/Wesselski 1920, No. 33; Taylor 1927f.; Tubach 1969, No. 3577; EM 2 (1979) 235; Lundt 1992; EM 7 (1993) 852�857 (H.-J. Uther); Dekker et al. 1997, 263�265; Zobel/Eschweiler 1997, 211�242.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 280; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 7; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 187, Goldberg 1998, Nos. J2312, K445; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 188, Hen�en 1951, No. 55, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 365; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 126ff.; Iraqi: Campbell 1952, 36ff., El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K445, Pathak 1978, No. 29; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 97; Chinese: Ting 1978; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 311f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1635.10.","This type exists chiefly in two different versions: (1) A trickster pretends to be a painter and is hired to decorate the walls in the house of a wealthy man. While he works (along with his assistants), his employer pays his expenses (and gives him an advance payment). The trickster paints nothing, but he claims that his paintings can be seen only by persons of noble birth (chaste women). Everyone praises the paintings rather than risk being accused. A fool (foolish woman, soldier) says that he would rather be a bastard, but that he does not see any pictures. (2) A man (two, more) pretends that he can weave fine cloth (clothing, coat, cap), and is employed by a ruler. When the weaver is asked how his work is progressing, he explains that the clothing can be seen only by people of noble birth (chaste women). The ruler comes to be fitted. Neither he nor his courtiers will admit that they can see no clothing. When the ruler goes outside naked, only a child speaks the truth [J2312, K445]. Cf. Types 987, 1406.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Stricker, Der Pfaffe Am�s (Stricker/Kamihara 1978, V. 491�804) and Don Juan Manuel, El Conde Lucanor (No. 32). Popular Andersen tale Keiserens nye Kl�der (1837).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1620*,The Conversation of Two Handicapped Persons (previously The Conversation of the One-eyed Man and the Hunchback),"EM 2 (1979) 977�980 (H.-J. Uther); Uther 1981, 54f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 281�284; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Dulac 1925, 180; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 188; Basque: Ranke 1972, No. 79; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2306, cf. No. 2326; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kubitschek 1920, 37, Jungbauer 1943, 380, Moser-Rath 1984, 287ff., 383, 433; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 27; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5883; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2058; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 360.","This tale exists chiefly in three different versions: (1) A one-eyed man tells a hunchbacked man that he took up his burden too soon. 'No, it is not too soon' answers the hunchbacked man, 'it only looks so to you because you have only one of your windows open.' (2) A young woman jokes with a hunchbacked man, saying that he has too much back. He answers, 'Be careful that you don't end up with too much belly.' (3) A short man tells a one-eyed man that he needs another eye. The one-eyed man answers, 'To see a giant such as yourself, I would need two more eyes.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1621*,The Horse is Cleverer than the Priest,"Anderson 1923, 359 not. 2.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 285; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 136; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1832*, p. 314; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 545�550, 586; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1621.","A farmer says that his horse is cleverer than the priest, because once the horse has stepped into a hole in the road, he avoids it. In contrast, the priest has had two children by the same woman.","Early literary version (1601) see Eucharius Eyering, Proverbiorum Copia (II, 578f.).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1621A*,Donkey Refuses to Drink after it Has Had Enough,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 284; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 35; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 66; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 239, II, No. 776; Tubach 1969, No. 5231.","German: Neumann 1968b, 117, Moser-Rath 1984, 221, 240, Tomkowiak 1987, 186f.; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 870; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","A farmer claims that his donkey is cleverer than he is. The donkey (ox, horse) stops drinking when it has had enough, but he himself always keeps on drinking (to please his friends) [J133.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1623*,An Old Hen Instead of a Young One,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 58; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Ukrainian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 55, 56.","A master asks his servant to bring him a young woman, but instead the servant brings an old one. The master dismisses him. The servant tells the mistress why he lost his job, and she gives it back to him.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1624,Thief's Excuse: The Big Wind,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 7, cf. II, No. 441; Basset 1924ff. I, 286 No. 28; Schwarzbaum 1968, 180; EM 3 (1988) 634.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: cf. Childers 1948, No. J1391.1.1*, Espinosa 1988, No. 350; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Haltrich 1885, No. 11; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 27; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 79, Karadi 1959, No. 186; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5448; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian: cf. Ramana 1962, No. 62; Jewish: Olsvanger 1931, No. 141, Landmann 1960, 338, Jason 1975; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 87; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 279; Armenian: Dirr 1920, No. 85,4; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 27, Marzolph 1984.","A man (Gypsy) is caught stealing vegetables from a garden. He claims that the wind carried him over the fence and also uprooted the vegetables. When he is asked how the vegetables got into his sack, the thief says he was wondering about that himself [J1391.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1624A*,Shortest Road,EM 3 (1988) 634.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Haltrich 1885, No. 12; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, Nos. 71, 72; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 27; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 23; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5446; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.",A Gypsy trying to break into a house to steal falls through a hole in the ceiling. He explains that he was only taking the shortest way.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1624B*,The Theft of Bacon,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 510; Wesselski 1936, 94f.; EM 3 (1988) 634.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1525M*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � Cr�in�n/� Cr�in�n 1971, No. 42; Dutch: cf. Tinneveld 1976, No. 118; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1925ff. III, No. 246, Lox 1999a, No. 68; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 303, Zender 1935, No. 71, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 124, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, 381f., 428; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 216, MNK VII B; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4797*; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 23; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 145f., Karadi 1937, No. 27, cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 255; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5372, 5447; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 46; Russian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1525M*, 1624B*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1525M*, 1525M**, 1624B*.","(Including the previous Type 1525M*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A thief (Gypsy) accidentally comes through the chimney into the living room with the bacon he has stolen. Because he is black with soot, he convinces the inhabitants of the house that he is the devil (he says that the devil sent him with the bacon, and they reply that he should take it back to hell) [K316]. Cf. Type 1807A. (2) A thief (soldier, Gypsy) goes into a house to steal bacon (suit). When the owner hears a noise, he comes and finds the thief with the bacon. The thief asks him if he would like to buy some.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der pfarrer mit dem pachendieb (1553).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1624C*,The Horse's Fault,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 188; EM 3 (1988) 634.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 73; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981, 74; Slovene: Ranke 1972, No. 81; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 49; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5321; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A horse thief brought before a judge explains that the horse had been standing across the road. He had intended to jump over the animal but instead he landed on its back, and it ran away carrying him with it.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1626,Dream Bread,"Chauvin 1892ff. IX, 28; Singer 1903f. II, 90�98; Wesselski 1908, No. 37; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 540; BP IV, 139; Baum 1917; Taylor 1921b; Basset 1924ff. I, 516 No. 205; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 186; Schwarzbaum 1968, 189, 359, 472; Tubach 1969, No. 1789; Utley 1975; Schwarzbaum 1989a, No. K444; Da Costa Fontes 1990; Moore 1990; EM: Traumbrot (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 286; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 383; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 45, 64, 76f., 297f., Wehse 1979, 134ff.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 189, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 356, 357, Goldberg 1998, No. K444; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K444; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kapfhammer 1974, 25, Moser-Rath 1984, 291; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 29; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929 II 2, 382, Kl�mov� 1966, No. 74, Dvo�k 1978, No. 1789; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 201, II, Nos. 425, 456, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 31; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 301f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 274, Karadi 1937, No. 5; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 44; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3016, II, No. 4805, cf. No. 5360; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 421; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 310, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 249; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 126, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 139; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K444, Jason 1989; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 38; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. VI, No. 13, XIII, No. 13; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; African American: Dance 1978, No. 358; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 209; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 30; Egyptian, Moroccan, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.3.1626.","Traveling companions (pilgrims, friends, brothers, master and servant, clergyman and Gypsy) agree that whichever of them has the most wonderful dream may eat their last loaf of bread. One man stays awake and eats the bread. The next morning, the others tell their dreams: one dreamed that he was in heaven (paradise) and another that he was in hell. The third man says he saw them there in his dream (he had dreamed they were dead), and he ate the bread because he thought they would not need it (would not be coming back) [K444].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 19) and Gesta Romanorum (No. 106).","329, 562, and 1533A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1628,The Learned Son and the Forgotten Language,"Pol�vka 1905; Schwarzbaum 1968, 55, 451; EM 1 (1977) 1350�1353 (E. Moser-Rath).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1628, cf. No. GS 903; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 340, 341, cf. Nos. 337, 495, 591; French: Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 53; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 158, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Geldof 1979, 192f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 74; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 109; German: Zender 1935, No. 155, Neumann 1968b, 182, Tomkowiak 1987, 159, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 103, Berger 2001; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 111f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 432; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 67 (1933) 2 (boina priloga); Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 95; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5676, 5721; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 152; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 67; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 36.","A farmer's son, having returned home from college, pretends that he has forgotten his native language or that he can speak only Latin. But when he inadvertently steps on a rake and the handle hits his forehead, he cries, 'Damned rake!' Cf. Type 1641C.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1628*,So They Speak Latin,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 10; Pol�vka 1905; EM 1 (1977) 1350�1353 (E. Moser-Rath)","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 386; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1628; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 32, Kristensen 1899, No. 565; English: Briggs/Tongue 1965, No. 66, Briggs 1970f. A II, 251f.; French: Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 53; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 387, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 140; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 109f.; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 78, Dietz 1951, No. 244, Kapfhammer 1974, 34f., Zender 1984, No. 124, Tomkowiak 1987, 159; Bulgarian: cf. Nos. *1628**, *1628***, *1628A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2099; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 56.","A father sends his lazy son to college. When the son comes home, he demonstrates how successful he was in his studies by putting Latin endings on all his words (uses bits of Latin) until his father loses patience and uses similar formulas to order him to work (until the priest who has been summon to test him throws him out) [J1511.11]. Cf. Type 1825B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1629*,The Supposed Magic Spell,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 15; French: cf. Perbosc/Bru 1987, 27ff., 30ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K341.22; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A thief tells a farmer to crawl into a tub and sit there without looking out while he says a magic spell (to cure the farmer's sterility). While the farmer obeys, the thief steals all his belongings [K341.22].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1630A*,Son Has Only Beaten Father's Cap,"Cf. Wesselski 1911 II, No. 493; Schwarzbaum 1968, 328.","French: cf. Perbosc 1907, No. 111; German: Zincgref-Weidner III (1653) 334 (EM archive); Hungarian: MNK VII B; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 56; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3549, cf. Nos. 3148, 3417, 4560, II, No. 5322, cf. Nos. 5011, 5315; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Lebanese: Bergstr�sser 1928, 151f.","A father and son (mother and son, married couple) have an argument during which the son hits his father (pushes him downstairs). Later he claims that he only hit (threw down) his father's cap (jacket, coat, socks), and it was unfortunate that his father was inside it. Cf. Type 1800.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1630B*,The Bear Thought to Be a Log,,"Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 60; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969f. I, No. 4020; Bulgarian: BFP; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1630*.","A man sees what he thinks is a tree trunk in the river and swims out to get it. It turns out to be a bear, which catches hold of him. His friends on the bank call out, 'Let go of him!' The swimmer answers, 'He will not let go of me!' [J1761.9].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1631,Horse that Will Not Go over Trees,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 33; Wesselski 1908, No. 68; Kadlec 1916, 234�237; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 112; Tubach 1969, No. 2616; EM 10 (2002) 924�926 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 288, 289; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; England: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 190; Dutch: Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 22; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Debus 1951, 222, Benzel 1957, No. 229; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 808f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 125, MNK VII B; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4932; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1631, cf. No. *1214B*; Jewish: Stephani 1998, No. 11; Gypsy: MNK X 1.",A dealer selling a horse says that it eats too much and will not go over trees. The unsuspecting buyer discovers that the horse bites everyone within reach and refuses to walk over a wooden bridge [K134.1].,"Documented in the late Middle Ages, e.g. Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 697) and Mensa philosophica (IV,12).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1631*,The Tailor and the Smith as Wooer (previously The Tailor and the Smith as Rivals),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 290; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Zender 1935, No. 66; Czech: Satke 1958, No. 12; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4582; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS.","A tailor and a smith (and a shoemaker) woo the same woman. The tailor tells her that the smith is blind: if she watches him work, she will see that he hits the iron twice and then hits the anvil. The woman confirms this. In revenge, the smith tells the woman that the tailor is insane. He puts a red-hot piece of iron in the tailor's boot. When the tailor puts the boot on, he falls down with pain and cries, 'It is burning!' Everyone agrees that he must be insane. The woman marries the smith (no one) [T92.12.1].",NA,1361.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1631A,Mule Painted and Sold Back to Owner,"Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 38; Jech 1979.","Lithuanian: cf. Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 28; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K134.3, Chevalier 1983, Nos. 191�206; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 127; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 287, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 146; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1631A, *1631B; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 77, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 427; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969f. II, No. 4771; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 570, Jech 1984, No. 77; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, No. 75; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos.1526B, 1631A; Jewish: Jason 1975; Chinese: Ting 1978; North American Indian, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **1549; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A donkey (mule, horse, cow, goat) is stolen or sold. The new owner (thief, dealer, farmer, Gypsy, servant) paints it (makes it look young and fresh) and sells it at a big profit to its original owner (master, priest, charcoal dealer, farmer), who likes it because of its similarity to his old animal. (Even though he had been warned, he does not notice the trick.) After the buyer takes the animal home, the paint washes off in the rain (river, wash water) and the owner recognizes his old animal [K134.3].","Early literary treatment, see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 25).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1633,Joint Ownership of the Cow,"Basset 1924ff. I, 436 No. 140; Schwarzbaum 1968, 196.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 104; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 297, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 66; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A father dies, leaving his possessions for his two sons to divide. The older son takes the hind end of the cow and the younger son gets the front end, so that the first takes the milk but the second must feed the animal. Similar unfair settlements follow. A friend (relative) advises the younger son how to obtain a fair share [J242.8, J1241].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1634*,Various Tricks Played by Gypsies,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1634*, 1634B*, *1634F*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1634B*, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Hungarian: Dobos 1962, No. 8, MNK VII B, Nos. 1634C*, 1634D*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 248; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 78, 80�83, 85, 86, 88, 91, 106, 107, 304, 307, 357, II, 19, 34f., 103f. 107f., Karadi 1937, Nos. 14, 36, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 268; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 68; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 394; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1634F*; Russian: SUS, No. 1634B*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1633C*; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 9; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1634E**.",(Including the previous Types 1634B*'1634D*.) Miscellaneous type with diverse contents.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1634A*,Fish Promised in Return for Food and Money (previously Fish Promised in Return for Bacon),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 290; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian: SUS.","A Gypsy is told by the fishermen that it is difficult to catch fish. In return for food and money, the Gypsy promises to tell the fishermen a time when all the fish will be ready to be caught. They agree. After five days as the fishermen's guest, the Gypsy takes the money and goes to the lake, saying now is the right time. He tells the fishermen to drink up all the water in the lake, and then they will be able to catch all the fish. He will even help them [K231.11].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1634E*,Throwing the Thief over the Fence,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 12, II, No. 441; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1634E, Vildomec 1979, No. 228, Simonides 1979, No. 250; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A thief is surprised by the owner of the house he is robbing. The thief cries, 'Do whatever you want to me, but don't throw me over the fence!' The angry owner throws him over the fence and the thief runs away [K584]. Cf. Type 1310.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1635*,Eulenspiegel's Tricks [K300],Kadlec 1916; Debus 1951; Virmond 1981; EM 4 (1984) 538�555 (B. U. Hucker).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 292�296; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 15, Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1879f. I, No. 18, II, No. 19, cf. Kristensen 1900, Nos. 431, 529, Kristensen 1892f.I, Nos. 459, 462�469, 471�477, II, Nos. 496, 498, 511�516, 520; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 63; Dutch: Krosenbrink 1968, 107, 157, 159, 186, 197, Tinneveld 1976, No. 204, Kooi 1985f., No. 37, Kooi 2003, No. 22; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 143; Flemish: Top 1982, No. 35, Lox 1999a, No. 60; German: Hen�en 1963, No. 54, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 310�378, Zender 1984, No. 210; Czech: Jech 1959, No. 51; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5680; Bulgarian: cf. Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 413, Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 257; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1635A�1635T; Jewish: Jason 1965; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 178; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1260, Schmidt 1991, No. 21; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1635�1635.12, Grobbelaar 1981.","Miscellaneous type with diverse variants, esp. popular in German-, Dutch- and Polish-speaking countries. Cf. Types 821, 921, 922, 927A, 1017, 1186, 1385, 1525H4, 1526, 1542, 1551, 1577, 1590, 1620, 1631, 1641D, 1675, 1685, 1691B*, 1695, 1736, 1750B, 1804B, 1823, and 1857.","Tricks attributed to Eulenspiegel are also attributed to tricksters popular in other regions, e.g. Nasreddin Hodja, Buchan, Juha.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1636,The Repentant Thief,"Wesselski 1909, No. 100; Tubach 1969, No. 1300; EM 3 (1988) 635.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Bulgarian: cf. Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 275; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A repentant thief brings a stolen cow back to its owner, pretending to have found the animal. He warns the owner to be more careful with it in the future [K408, K416].","Documented in the late Middle Ages, e.g. Mensa philosophica (IV,15).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1638*,Why it Is Not a Sin for a Gypsy to Steal,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 217, 294; Sutherland 1975, 73; G�r�g-Karady 1991, 143; K�hler-Z�lch 1993; EM 8 (1996) 404.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1634B*, III, 58 No. 1.1.2.9; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 609; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 455; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 74; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1638.","A Gypsy stole one of the nails that was intended to have been used for the crucifixion of Jesus. Because of this, it is not a sin for Gypsies to steal [A1674.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Clever Man 1525-1639,1639*,The Royal Order Concerning Clothing (previously King Enriches Clothier),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 267.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 297; Jewish: Jason 1975; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.",A garment dealer is oversupplied with a certain type of garment (fur) and stands to lose money. The friendly king orders that everyone who appears before him must wear that type of garment. The dealer becomes rich.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1675,The Ox (Ass) as Mayor,"Cf. Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 170f. No. 445; Bolte 1897c; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 491; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 63, cf. No. 259, II, No. 385; BP I, 59; Schwarzbaum 1968, 147, 185f., 468, 472; Schwarzbaum 1980, 280; D�m�t�r 1999; EM 10 (2002) 188�193 (S. Neumann); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 452.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 317; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 255; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 65, IV, No. 62, Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 2; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 233; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 160; German: Plenzat 1927, Zender 1935, No. 119, Kapfhammer 1974, 39; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1929, No. 116; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 139, Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 7; Lebanese, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 424, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 3, XXII, No. 11; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 359, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, 424, El-Shamy 2004; Swahili: Marzolph 1996, No. 607.","Tricksters (students, a butcher) fool a farmer into thinking that his ox (calf, donkey) is so clever that it should be sent to school. The farmer gives them money for its tuition [K491], and they take it away and sell (slaughter) it. Later when the farmer wants to visit his ox, they tell him that it has graduated and is now the mayor (a judge, lawyer) of another city [J1882.2]. The farmer is offended by the animal's ingratitude and goes to find it. He demands to see the mayor (who is named Ox or has the same name as the ox). The mayor summons help to throw the angry farmer out. Or, the farmer beats the mayor until he pays back the tuition money. Cf. Type 1750A.",NA,"1240, 1313A, and 1642."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1676,The Pretended Ghost (previously Joker Posing as Ghost Punished by Victim),"Minton 1993; EM: Tot: Was t. ist, soll t. bleiben (in prep.).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1911, 35; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 376; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 14; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: cf. Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 637; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1676A; Welsh: Baughman 1966, No. 1676A; English: Baughman 1966, No. 1676A, Briggs 1970f. B I, 23f., 38, 299f., B II, 239, 276; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 15; Frisian: cf. Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1676E*�1676G*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 149; Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962, 110; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 64, Bodens 1937, Nos. 201, 205, 209, 210, 706, 707, 711�713; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 550f.; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, Nos. 101, 104; Greek: Dawkins 1955, No. 13; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1676, cf. No. 1676*D; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 152ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1676A; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Randolph 1957, 32, Baughman 1966, No. 1676A, Dance 1978, No. 49; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 151; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **367.","(Including the previous Type 1676A.) A man (girl) spends the night (keeps watch) in a graveyard (haunted place). A trickster (several men) decides to frighten him by pretending to be a ghost (dead man). The watcher beats (injures) the false ghost (drives him away) [N384.10, N384.11]. Cf. Types 1532, 1711*. In some variants, the victim does not defend himself. An unknown creature (the devil, in African American variants, e.g. a monkey in disguise) frightens (injures, drives away) the false ghost [K1682.1]. (Previously Type 1676A.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1676*,The Foolish Farmer Studies Medicine,,"Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 157; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 85; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3106; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1709B.",A stupid farmboy (Gypsy boy) wants to study medicine with a doctor. The doctor brings him when he visits a patient and has him taste the contents of the chamber pot.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1676B,Frightened to Death (previously Clothing Caught in Graveyard),"Minton 1993; Schneider 1999a, 167, 170; EM: Tod durch Schrecken (in prep.).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. C181, C1136, C1141, C1331; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 216, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sliggers 1980, No. 32; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 148; German: Zender 1966, No. 1809, Cammann 1980, 113, 198, Berger 2001; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 792, 844, II, 677f., III, 51; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 297; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. N384.2, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 357f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1676B, and app.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: G�czi 1989, No. 199; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 175; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, No. 121; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 42, Dolenec 1972, No. 107, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 43; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 28 (1958) 164, 29 (1959) 168; African American: Dance 1978, No. 37; Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1677; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 465; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. N384.2.","A man (soldier, maid) who claims to fear nothing makes a bet that he is brave enough to go to a graveyard at night. As proof of his visit, he is going to stick a knife (fork, spindle) in one of the graves. The man does this, but when he sticks the knife into the grave, it catches his clothing. When he tries to leave, he feels that he is caught and thinks the dead person (the devil) is pulling him back. He dies of fright. The next morning, he is discovered lying on the grave [N384, N384.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1676C,Voices from the Graveyard,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 318�322, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C1181; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1676C, cf. No. *1676D; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, Nos. 98, 196, Cardigos (forthcoming); Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 248; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 103, cf. No. 102; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 219; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971.","A trickster speaks (in a disguised voice) to men (soldiers, other people) carrying a coffin in a graveyard. They think it is a ghost (dead person) and flee in panic. Cf. Type 1532.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1676D,'That's my Head!' Several young men (at an inn) dare each other to steal a skull from a graveyard,,"Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. C1146; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 204; Irish: � S�illeabh�in 1942, 643 No. 51, O�Sullivan 1977, 29ff.; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 29, 343; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 942*A, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 223; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1676D*; Flemish: Roeck 1980, 81; German: Bodens 1937, No. 1179, Ranke 1955ff. I, 205 No. 22, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 134; Austrian: Ranke 1972, No. 86.","One of them who is not frightened (the innkeeper's daughter) goes to the graveyard to steal the skull, and the others go and hide among the graves. When the fearless man finds a skull, a voice calls, 'Leave it alone, that is my head!' He throws the skull back and finds another one. Again the voice calls, 'Leave it alone, that is my head!' The fearless man replies, 'No one has two heads,' and takes it away with him. In some variants, the situation is repeated several times, for the head (bones) of the grandfather, father, uncle (other relatives).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1676H*,The Devil's Sister,,"Irish: Murphy 1975, 118f., 171; English: Tongue 1970, 207; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 38; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 40; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1374; German: Fischer 1955, 239f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5196; US-American: Dorson 1964, 84f.","A man (farmer, merchant) goes each night to the inn to drink (worries a lot). His wife (a sailor) wants to discourage this (frighten him). She disguises herself (in a white sheet) and meets him on his way home. The man asks, 'Who are you' She says, 'I am the devil.' He replies, 'Oh then, I am married to your sister (niece).'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1678,The Boy who Had Never Seen a Woman,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 104 No. 16; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 76; BP IV, 358, 381; BP V, 250; Wesselski 1936a, 60ff.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 48�50, 450; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1571, 5365; EM 7 (1993) 769�773 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 324; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1676*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 77f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 136; French: cf. Perbosc 1907, No. 8, Fabre/Lacroix 1970b, 114ff.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 215, Goldberg 1998, No. T371; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. T371; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 27, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 72; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kubitschek 1920, 75, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 175, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 370, 413, Grubm�ller 1996, 648ff.; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 16; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5365; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 174f.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 14, Karadi 1959, No. 131, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 95; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 78; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4812; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 361; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 157; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, No. 13; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","After his mother dies, a boy is brought up in seclusion and never sees a woman. When he is fourteen (eighteen) years old, his father takes him to the nearest town. There he sees girls for the first time, and he asks what sort of creatures (animals) they are. His father says they are little devils (geese). The boy asks his father to buy some to take home. Or, someone asks what he liked best and he replies, 'The devils.' [T371]. Cf. Type 1545B.","Documented in the Indian Barlaam and Josaphat (ch. 29); an early European version can be found in Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 82).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1678**,First Time in Church,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 55; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 352�358, Christensen 1939, No. 25; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1678A*; German: Fischer 1955, 133, Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. I, 136ff., Moser-Rath 1984, 397 No. 451; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1838**; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 265; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 170, Robe 1970, No. 133.","A foolish boy goes to church for the first time in his life. He tells his mother what he saw: There was a man who screamed the entire time, someone walked around with a nightcap full of money, a strange contraption roared (the organ was played), etc. [Cf. J1823]. Cf. Type 1831A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1679*,Conscript Cannot Tell Left from Right,,"Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 429, 430; Walloon: Legros 1962, 110; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff., Nos. 2, 3; Jewish: Jason 1965","A recruit cannot tell right from left. To help him get through their drills, his supervisor ties straw to one of his arms and hay to the other (names his feet 'bread' and 'meat') and uses these words when he gives orders.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1680,The Man Seeking a Midwife,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 325, 326; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Dutch: cf. Tinneveld 1976, No. 6; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A man (fool) needs to get a midwife for a pregnant woman. Through a series of unfortunate events, he kills a dog and drowns the midwife. He helps the mother give birth and then kills the baby when he bathes it in boiling water [J2661.2]. Cf. Type 1681.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1681,The Boy's Disasters,"Dekker et al. 1997, 405�407; EM 9 (1999) 714, 716; EM: Teeren und federn (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 327; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 41f.; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 370, cf. Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 160; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 70, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1681, cf. No. 1204*A; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 6; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, cf. Nos. 98, 143, 327, II, No. 548, cf. Nos. 389, 542; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 45; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 23; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3220; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 240, 326; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1962, No. 38; Syrian, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 404; Iranian: cf. Osmanov 1958, 384ff.; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 154; Indian: cf. Hertel 1953, 166f., Sakya/Griffith 1980, 211ff.; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 513; North American indian: Bierhorst 1995, No. 106; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, Nos. 9, 9a, 30, 34, 40; Argentine: Hansen 1957; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, 47, No. 1218; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Miscellaneous type. A stupid man (boy) accidentally kills his horse (dog). He throws his axe into a river (lake) because he wants to kill a pike (duck). When he goes into the water naked to retrieve his ax, his clothes are stolen. He falls into vats of tar and feathers and returns home covered in feathers. His dog does not recognize him and bites him. Inside his house, he kicks the baby to death. He bumps a knife which falls from the cupboard and cuts off his penis. After this, his wife sends him away [J2661.4]. Some versions add other accidents: the man hides naked in the cellar, becomes drunk and lets the wine run out of the cask, uses the flour to dry the floor, and stops the cask with the head of a hen. He tries to hatch her eggs but instead he breaks them and becomes covered in egg and bran (honey or tar and feathers). He is mistaken for the devil. Cf. Types 1387, 1408.",NA,"1218, 1387, 1408, 1685, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1681A,Preparations for the Wedding (previously Fool Prepares for the Wedding [Funeral]),EM 9 (1999) 715f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 537; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1681A, cf. No. *1681C; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: Lambert 1899, No. 4; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 147; German: Jahn 1890, 100ff.; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 850f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 424; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 142, Ga�par�kov� 1981b, No. 55; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1681A, cf. Nos. *1681A1, *1681A2; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 327 III 2, 327 III 4d, 330, cf. No. 327; Jewish: cf. Jason 1965, No. 1681*C, cf. Jason 1975, No. 1681*C; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 35; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tadzhik: cf. Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 52; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1681C; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, Nos. 1681C, 1681C1; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 420.","A stupid young man (bridegroom) buys pots at the market. When his shadow frightens him, he throws the pots at it. When he gathers wood in the forest, he thinks the bare trees must be cold and covers them with his clothes (cf. Type 1271C*). Frightened by a dead dog, the boy gives it his food so it will not bite him. He smears butter on the path (cf. Type 1291B) to ease the horse's burden and throws salt in the river to make it taste better. When horse-flies bother his horse, the boy hits them, killing the horse. He kills a cow and 'sells' its meat to dogs (frogs) [J1852] (cf. Type 1642). Although he has nothing for dinner, he invites guests whom he astonishes with his bad manners. In some variants, the accidents happen to a foolish married couple who are going to visit their married daughter.",NA,"1291B, 1685, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1681A*,Take Care of the Stopper,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 537; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 1264.","A man tells a stupid boy to take care of the stopper, meaning that he should put it back in the barrel. The boy takes the order literally and puts the stopper in his pocket. The contents of the cask (tar, wine) run out [K1414]. Cf. Types 1387, 1653, and 1696.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1681B,Fool as Custodian of Home and Animals,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 155ff. No. 437; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 431; EM 9 (1999) 715f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 537; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Wichmann 1916, No. 33; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Vinson 1883, 92ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 641, 648, Cardigos (forthcoming); Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer1971, No. 38; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 16, 97; Hungarian: Ortutay 1957, No. 30; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981b, No. 55; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 8; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1681B, cf. Nos. *1681B*, *1681C; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 34, Megas 1968a, No. 29, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 323 (1), 324 III 1; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 287; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1691*; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, Nos. 46, 59; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 404; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, Nos. 101, 102; North American Indian, Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 210; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1704; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. **1706; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. *1692, *1693, **1704, **1706; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. *1693; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Moreno 1947, No. 59; Sudanese: Meinhof 1991, No. 68; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 191ff.","Miscellaneous type. When a foolish man must keep house and take care of the animals, he causes a series of accidents: He scalds his mother (grandmother) by bathing her in boiling water [K1462] (cf. Type 1013). He smothers her when he tries to feed her and kills the baby (by feeding it hot porridge) [K1461]. He kills an animal which is eaten by crows, and then demands that they pay for it (cf. Type 1642). He tries to hatch eggs (cf. Type 1218), and kills an old woman who scolds him for his mistakes, etc. Cf. Types 1218, 1408, 1681, and 1681A.",NA,"1000, 1007, 1009, 1013, 1029, 1218, 1291A, 1408, 1586, 1642, 1653, 1685, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1682,The Horse Learns Not to Eat (previously The Groom Teaches his Horse to Live without Food),"Marzolph 1987a, No. 9; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 674, 973; Marzolph 1996, No. 491; Marzolph 2000a; EM 10 (2002) 926�929 (U. Marzolph); Hansen 2002, 187f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 328; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 422; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 327; French: Dulac 1925, 168f., Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 178, 179; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sap-Akkerman 1971, 17f., Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 906; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Benzel 1965, No. 204, Moser-Rath 1984, 174, 333, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 105; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 24; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 79; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 28 (1894) 398; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 41, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 112; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 74; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3827; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 1682**; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Filipino: Ramos 1953, 96ff.; US-American: Leary 1991, No. 205; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 137; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","(On the advise of someone else,) a stupid (miserly) scholar (farmer, Gypsy, Jew) wants to teach his horse (donkey, cow, goat) to live without food. He gives it less and less (nothing) to eat. When the horse dies after some days, the owner regrets that this happened just before it had learned how not to eat at all [J1914].",Documented in the Greek Philogelos (No. 9).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1682**,The Communal Mule,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 125; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 575; Tubach 1969, No. 388; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 172.","Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1914.2; German: Tomkowiak 1993, No. J1914.2.","Three brothers share the use of a mule. None of them gives it anything to eat because each thinks the others must be feeding it. The mule dies [J1914.2]. In oriental tradition, two men share the use of a slave. When one beats the slave, the other complains about it. The first one explains that he was only beating his half part. Or, The first one promises that in the future he will beat only his half.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1683*,Counting Birds (previously A Peasant Counts Pebbles),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 336.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Keren/Schnitzler 1981, No. 27; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.",A stupid farmer counts birds. A soldier extorts a fine from him based on how many he has counted. The farmer thinks he has tricked the soldier by telling him that he had counted fewer birds than he actually had.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1685,The Foolish Bridegroom,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 81; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 1; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 97�100; BP I, 311�322; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 762; Schwarzbaum 1968, 141; EM 1 (1977) 1006�1010 (H. Lixfeld); EM 2 (1979) 738�745 (R. Wehse); Dekker et al. 1997, 405�407; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 329�331; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 256; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1685, 1685A, cf. No. *1685B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1685, p. 346, 349; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 33, S�billot 1881, No. 11, Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 17; Spanish: Espinosa 1946ff. I, No. 187, III, 190ff.; Basque: Vinson 1883, 92ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 643, 644, 647, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1685, 1685A; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 85; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. II, No. 117 (1); German: Plenzat 1927, Zender 1935, No. 67, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 32, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1685, 1685A; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 420f., 421ff., 423ff., 427f., 428f., 430ff., II 2, 87; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 246, 289; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 101; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 12, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 23; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000 (IV), 3784; Greek: cf. Hallgarten 1929, 138f., Orso 1979, Nos. 222, 224�226, 271; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1685, 1685A, cf. Nos. 1635F, 1685C; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 82; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 37f., SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 140, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 1685, 1685A; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 327; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1685, 1685A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1685, 1685A, Jason 1989, Nos. 1685, 1685A; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1685A; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1685A, cf. No. 1685B; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 896; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IX, No. 14; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 22a; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, Nos. **1686A, **1686C; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1686B; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: cf. Grobbelaar 1981.","Miscellaneous type. (Including the previous Type 1685A.) A young bachelor (bridegroom, often a trickster) proves his stupidity through a series of absurd mistakes (follows his master's advice literally in order to injure him). The following episodes are the most common: (1) Left alone at home, the fool is instructed to put a certain ingredient (e.g. parsley) in the food he is cooking. He puts the dog (cat) that is named Parsley into the soup [J2462.1]. (2) The fool is told to clean a certain area. He takes this order literally and throws out everything that is in it [J2465.5]. (3) When he goes courting, he is advised to cast eyes at the girl. He puts out the eyes of animals (often sheep) and throws them at her [J2462.2]. In some cases, the metaphoric meaning of the gesture is understood; in others, the young woman rejects the foolish suitor [J2462.2]. Cf. Type 1006. Additional episodes come from the following groups of types: 1000'1029, 1200'1349, 1350'1439, 1525'1539, 1640'1674, and 1675'1724. In some versions, the protagonist is a stupid son-in-law. (Previously Type 1685A.)",Documented in the early 16th century.,"1001�1029, 1408, 1642, 1643, 1653, 1696, and also 1120, 1210, 1218, 1384, 1386, 1387, 1539, 1681A, 1681B, and 1691."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1685A*,Fool Sets up a Trap Beside his own House,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 185; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Japanese: Ikeda 1971.",A fool sets a trap beside his house. His own mother falls into it (and is killed).,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1686,The Wedding Night,EM 6 (1990) 1124f.,"Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1685B; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1686**; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 347; Danish: Danske Studier 9 (1912) 186; French: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1685**; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. K1223.1; German: Benzel 1965, No. 135; Russian: SUS, No. 1686***, Hoffmann 1973, No. 1685*; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, No. 1685*B; Syrian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1685B�.","Miscellaneous type. (Including the previous Type 1686**.) A stupid bridegroom does not know what to do on his wedding night [J1744.1]. His mother (parents, bride) gives him advice, but he misunderstands it and injures himself, or causes some other accident. In some variants, he finds a man in the bed and thinks his bride has turned into a man. (Previously Type 1686**.) On the wedding night, the bride wants to leave her husband because of his foolishness. She says she has to go out. He does not trust her, so he ties her to a rope. She goes out, frees herself, and ties the rope to a goat. In the dark, the bridegroom at first does not notice the substitution. When he feels the animal's body (beard, testicles, horns), he asks his mother about them. She does not know about the substitution and explains that these are normal parts of the bride's body [K1223.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1686*,The Price of Wood,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 332; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 7; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Anlage C 8.","In return for a load of wood that he gives to a woman, a foolish young man demands that she sleep with him. She serves him coffee and he believes that she has fulfilled her part of the bargain [J1745].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1686A,Like Dogs,"Legman 1968f. I, 126.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 50; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 346; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1693C*; African American: Dance 1978, No. 463.","A newly-married man is ignorant about sex [J1744.4] and makes no attempt to consummate his marriage. After some time his young wife complains to her mother-in-law. The mother-in-law tells her son that he should do what dogs do. The next morning, the wife wants to divorce her husband. The mother-in-law asks the wife what happened. The wife replies that her husband sniffed her bottom and urinated on the bedpost [J2462]. In another version, the young man asks the clergyman for advice. The clergyman closes the curtains and lights candles before he shows him what to do. The man understands, but later he complains that it uses up too many candles.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1686A*,The Pike's Mouth,"Legman 1968f. I, 433; Kooi 1982.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 37; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 133; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/1144; Austrian: Polsterer 1908, No. 45; Russian: SUS 1425*** (Hoffmann 1973).","(Vagina dentata.) A girl (young woman, boy) who is tired of her eager suitor (soldier, clergyman, servant, workman) catches his penis in a pike's mouth [K1222]. Her mother (the farmer) had told her to hide the fish's mouth in her vagina (pants), or to put it in a gap in a hedge (fence, tent) where the man went to urinate. (The Duke of Alva laughed for the first and last time in his life when he witnessed this event.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1687,The Forgotten Word,"Ting 1985, 43�46; EM: Wort: Das vergessene W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 333, 334; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1687*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1879f. I, No. 5, Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 207, 212�214, 216�223, II, Nos. 206�212, 214�216, 218, 219, 561, cf. No. 228, Christensen 1939, No. 84; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Baughman 1966; French: Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 59; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, Nos. 36, 43, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 145; Flemish: Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 263, 263f., 268, Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 150, 539, 541, cf. No. 312, Moser-Rath 1984, 287f., 291, 299, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 59; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C, No. 1206*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 300; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 282, 283, cf. No. 31; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 449, Pilikova 1992, No. 46; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3168, 3814; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1687, cf. No. 1687*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 328 (9�10); Jewish: Jason 1988a; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 338, 339; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 79; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, 108; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1687, cf. No. 1687*; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 509; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 21; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 54; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1691A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1691B; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 69; Ethiopian: Courlander/Leslau 1950, 113ff., Gankin et al. 1960, 143; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A foolish boy is supposed to fetch something from a merchant (fools want to settle something). So that he will not forget the purpose of his errand, he repeats the word over and over. On the way, he trips and falls down and forgets the word [D2004.5]. He looks in the ground to find the forgotten word (fools think the earth swallowed it, and try to dig it out). A passer-by asks him what he is doing and coincidentally speaks the word. The boy is delighted that the word has been found again.",NA,"1245, 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1688,The Servant to Improve on the Master's Statements,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II, No. 10; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 221; Schwarzbaum 1968, 30�31, 445; EM 2 (1979) 762�764 (E. Moser-Rath); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1102.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 335; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 383; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1688*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 222, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 39; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 198, II, Nos. 534�536, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 8; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 93, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 186, Moser-Rath 1984, 287; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 9; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 64; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4142, II, cf. No. 4831; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1688, cf. No. *1688D*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 301, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Olsvanger 1931, No. 15; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 44; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1688*A, cf. No. 1688**F; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1688**B; Sudanese: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 41.","A wealthy suitor wants to impress a young woman whom he is wooing. He engages a friend (servant) not only to attest to his wealth but to double the worth of all things he names. When the suitor admits that he has a weakness (weak eye, cough), the friend exaggerates and says that he cannot see at all, or that he coughs even more at night [J2464]. This upsets the bride and she calls off the marriage. Cf. Types 859, 1920E.",Documented in the Scala coeli (No. 694) of Johannes Gobi Junior.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1688A*,Jealous Suitors,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 472.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 336; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1688A*, 1688B*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 1688A*, 1688B*; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Russian: cf. Hoffmann 1973, No. 1688E*; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1688B*; US-American: Dorson 1946, 91ff., Roberts 1974, np. 150g.","(Including the previous Type 1688B*.) Two men are wooing the same woman. Each schemes to outdo the other and have her to himself. For example, one skins the legs of four of his opponent's horses and rolls the skin up to the knees. The other gets revenge by cutting off the upper lips of four of his opponent's horses, saying that they are laughing at the horses wearing stockings. In another version, a poor suitor triumphs over his rich rival through various machinations and wins the woman for his wife. (Previously Type 1688B*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1689,'Thank God they Weren't Peaches,"Clouston 1887 II, 407ff.; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 494ff.; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 71; Besthorn 1935, 108; Legman 1968f. II, 825; EM: �bel: Das kleinere �. (in prep.).","French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 185; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 218; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 36f., 194; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3835; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1689, cf. Nos. *1689A*, *1689A***; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 103; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 229ff.; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 26, Elbaz 1982, No. 37, Stephani 1998, No. 2; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 191; Tadzhik: cf. Dechoti 1958, 29f.; Syrian, Lebanese, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 161f., El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 63; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 45; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","' A poor man (fool) plans to bring peaches (beets) to the king (another high-placed person) as a present. His wife persuades him to bring figs (plums, onions) instead. (Because they are not ripe,) the king throws them at the man's head. He is glad (thanks God) that they were not peaches [J2563].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1689*,Fool Appointed to Fictitious Office Boasts of It,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 293; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Japanese: Markova/Bejko 1958, 171f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",A fool whose master (ruler) has appointed him jokingly to a fictitious office brags about his position. The villagers laugh at him [J2331.2].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1689A,Two Presents for the King,"BP III, 169�193; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 798; Verfasserlexikon 7 (1989) 1000�1002 (F. J. Worstbrock); EM 11,1 (2003) 219�224 (F. Wagner).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 337; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 23, Baughman 1966; French: Blad� 1886 II, No. 2; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J2415.1, Chevalier 1983, No. 219; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 286; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 82; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 140f., 287, 289, Tomkowiak 1993, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 146; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 20; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 580; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 37f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS, No. 1689A, cf. Nos. 1689A*, 1689A**; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1689A, cf. No. 1689A*; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 60; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 74; Siberian: cf. Soboleva 1984, No. 1689A*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 836**N, cf. No. 1535; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 490; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man (farmer, gardener) produces a huge turnip (cf. Type 1960) and takes it to the king as a present. The king rewards him well. His neighbor (gentleman, noble, rich man) learns about this and decides to give the king a much better present (his daughter in marriage), in the hope of an even better reward [J2415.1]. The king gives him the giant turnip as his reward. Some variants, including the literary text, continue as follows: The duped rich man wants to revenge himself and lures the farmer into the forest to kill him. He and his men put the farmer into a sack and tie it up in a tree, but when a traveling scholar comes by, they run away. The farmer calls to the scholar, pretendings that he can see the whole world from inside the sack. The scholar takes his place and the farmer rides away on the scholar's horse. Cf. Type 1535. In some variants, the farmer sends someone back to rescue the scholar.","Documented ca. 1200 in an anonymous Latin manuscript, probably from southern Germany, which combined two separate episodes into one tale.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1689B,The Unedible Meat (previously The Recipe is Saved),"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 498; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 889; EM 11,2 (2004) 622�625 (U. Marzolph).","French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 157; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J2562, Chevalier 1983, No. 220; Dutch: Haan 1974, 162f., Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1686; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1232; German: Zender 1935, No. 121, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 140f., Moser-Rath 1984, 245, 287, 289, 291; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 599; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 45; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1988, 170f.; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 72; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1689B, cf. No. *1689B*; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 218, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1252; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1689B, cf. Nos. 1689B1, 1689B2; US-American: Dodge 1987, 83f.; Egyptian: Marzolph 1996, No. 47, El-Shamy 2004.","A fool (woman) comes home with (is cooking) some meat which is stolen by an animal (hawk, dog, cat). He is glad that the animal does not have the seasonings (recipe) to cook the meat properly [J2562].",Documented in medieval Arabic literature.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1691,The Hungry Clergyman (previously 'Don't Eat too Greedily,EM 10 (2002) 871�875 (A. Gier).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 338; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Prinsessene 1967, No. 52; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 974, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 25; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Dardy 1891, No. 64, Seignolle 1946, No. 65, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 56; Basque: Vinson 1883, 92ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1292*, Kooi 2003, No. 81; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 146; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962, 111; German: Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 244f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 229; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1691, and app.; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 420f., 428f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 278, 279, cf. Nos. 280, 281; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3678, 3792; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 154ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: cf. SUS; Turkish: Wesselski 1911 I, No. 263; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1691, cf. No. 1691*; cf. Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1363*A; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1240.","'). A clergyman and a sexton (married couple, two brothers) are invited to dinner. The clergyman (husband, stupid brother) is told by his companion not to eat as much as usual; the sexton (wife, clever brother) will nudge his foot to remind him. When the clergyman has eaten just a few bits, a dog (cat) under the table bumps him. He thinks it is the sexton warning him, and he stops eating [J2541]. Cf. Type 1775.",NA,"1642, 1643, 1685, 1696, and 1775."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1691A,Hungry Suitor Brings Food from Home,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 338; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 453; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","A matchmaker warns a bridegroom not to eat too much when he goes to visit his potential parents-in-law. The bridegroom restrains himself during the meal, and afterwards goes outside to eat food which his mother has prepared for him. There is a severe snow storm. His potential mother-in-law makes a remark about the weather, but the bridegroom misunderstands and thinks she is referring to his appetite (pun). He replies that he is not eating her food.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1691B,Bad Table Manners (previously The Suitor who Does not Know how to Behave at Table),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 541; Latvian: B�hm 1911, No. 32, Ambainis 1979, No. 117; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 355, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Berger 2001; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 210f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 142; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1685B; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 26f., 37ff., Novikov 1961, Nos. 17, 49, 55, 103�106; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 78.","A bridegroom visits his potential in-laws for a meal and afterwards tells his mother what he did (e.g. he was served only eggs, which he ate one after another with his hands). His mother rebukes him for his bad table manners and tells him what he should have done (use a knife and fork). The next time he goes out wooing, he does what she advised, but the situation is different (he tries to eat peas or nuts with a knife and fork). The story continues in this manner and he never manages to get married. Cf. Types 1685, 1696.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1691B*,Too Much Truth,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 3; Takahashi 1987.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 339; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 140, Kristensen 1900, No. 10; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 197, Hen�en 1951, No. 56, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 101, 323; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3105; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1691B**; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Jason 1989; South African: cf. Grobbelaar 1981.","A young workman (traveler, Eulenspiegel) needs a place to stay for the night. He complains to a woman who keeps an inn (clergyman, farmer) that anyone who tells the truth will not be given lodging. She invites him to stay for the night. He remarks that her husband, she herself, and the cat have only three eyes among them. He is driven away for his unwelcome honesty [J551.4].","Early version by John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (V I,12).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1691C*,Permission Misunderstood,"Legman 1968f. I, 121.","Irish: Murphy 1975, 19ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 184; US-American: Dorson 1964, 80f., Baughman 1966, No. Z13.4*(m), Burrison 1989, 187f.; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 57.","A farmer and his wife give supper (pancakes, peas, pudding) to a tramp who has asked to stay with them for the night. Some food is left over. When they go to bed, the tramp sleeps between them. In the middle of the night, the farmer has to go outside. The tramp asks the wife, 'May I' She answers yes ('Now is your chance.'). The tramp gets up, goes to the kitchen, and eats the rest of the pancakes.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1691D*,Sleep with Baby,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. III, 421, Ringseis 1980, 386; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 147; US-American: Dorson 1964, 85.","A man (Scot) who is staying overnight is asked by his host if he wants to sleep with Baby. He says he would rather not. The next day, he learns that Baby is the name of the maid (an attractive young woman). She asks him his name, and he tells her it is Jackass (Stupid).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1692,The Stupid Thief,EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).,"Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 326; Jewish: Jason 1965; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 70; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Schleberger 1985, No. 63; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 215ff; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 6; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A fool joins a band of robbers. They send him into a house to steal while the rest of them wait outside. He bungles the job in one of several ways [J2136]: He takes the robbers' instructions literally. They tell him to bring something substantial (i.e. valuable), and he brings something heavy (e.g. a mortar) [J2461.1.7]. They tell him to bring something shiny (i.e. gold), and he brings a mirror [J2461.1.7.1]. The fool awakens the household. He wants to take more than he can carry, so he wakes the owner and asks him for help [J2136.5.6]. The fool finds a musical instrument and plays it loudly [J2136.5.7]. He decides to cook something to eat. Hearing the owner sigh in his sleep, the fool thinks he must be hungry, so he puts hot food in his mouth (hand) [J2136.5.5]. Cf. Types 177, 1693.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1693,The Literal Fool,EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).,"Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1693*; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 509, 510, 642, 645, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: cf. Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1693B*; Flemish: cf. Meyer 1968, No. 1693*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1692C�*1692E; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 44; Jewish: Noy 1963b, No. 35; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 223; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 79, 130; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, Nos. 63, 64; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 7 (1928) 72, 14 (1938) 163f., 25 (1953) 243�245; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1693*A; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Miscellaneous type. A fool takes the instructions (questions) of a salesman (clergyman, doctor, his wife, etc.) literally and thus causes (suffers) damage or injury. Cf. Types 1007, 1008, 1010'1017, 1692, and 1696.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1694,The Company to Sing like the Leader,EM 7 (1993) 97f.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); German: cf. Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 18; Hungarian: cf. MNK VI, No. 1300*II; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1223A; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 13 (1937) 104f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 29.","Two (drunken) men (married couple, a group of people) on their way home from a market day (wedding) try to sing together. The leader's foot becomes caught in a wheel. He (she) cries for help, but no one understands; the cry is taken to be part of the song and is thus repeated by the group [J2417.1]. Often the leader's foot is broken before the wagon is stopped. In a Berber variant, a teacher from the city is supposed to teach prayers from the Koran to men in the mountains. They stand outside and repeat the words of the prayers after him. The teacher bows to the ground and touches a board, which he is using to protect himself from the mud, with his forehead. His nose becomes wedged in the board. The teacher calls for help, but the companions take this for part of the prayer and repeat the words zealously. The teacher tears his nose away, leaving the tip behind. He tells the companions they must first learn Arabic, and departs. Cf. Types 1246, 1825D*, and 1832M*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1694A,A Foolish Welcome (previously Serfs Congratulate their Master),EM 2 (1979) 41�45 (K. Ranke); EM 7 (1993) 97f.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1698C*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1698C*; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, 261, Cornelissen 1929ff. I, 270f., Meyer 1968, No. 1246; German: Grannas 1960, No. 84, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 1, 182, Kapfhammer 1974, 109ff., cf. Moser-Rath 1984, 153, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1694*; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 130f., 133, 136f.; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1300*II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 468; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3840; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1295*, cf. No. 1223A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1698C*; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2417.2; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 148.","(Including the previous Type 1698C*.) Villagers (serfs) intend to welcome (congratulate, honor) a visiting nobleman. The mayor leads the delegation, and the others are supposed to copy everything he does. (They each present a dish of food to the nobleman.) The leader stumbles and falls (spills the food on the table or on the floor), and the others do likewise [J2417.2]. In his anger over the accident, the mayor curses, e.g. , 'Go to the devil!' The others add, as they had rehearsed, 'With your wife and children,' 'and your aunts and uncles,' 'and the noble lady, and the whole company!' [J1845]. (Previously Type 1698C*.) In German and Austrian variants, the inhabitants cannot decide what to wear. When the visiting dignitary arrives, they hurry, still naked, to greet him. When the mayor is bitten on his backside by a horse-fly, he uses his hand to shoo it away, and all the others copy this gesture. In other variants, the reception goes wrong for other reasons. Cf. Types 1246, 1297*, 1821, and 1832M*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1695,"Shoes for Animals (previously The Fool Spoils the Work of the Shoemaker, the Tailor, and the Smith)",EM: Schuhe f�r Tiere (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 177, VI, Nos. 340�342; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 258(1), 316(3); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1694; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 186, Benzel 1957, No. 233, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 349; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 872; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 10; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A man (fool, Eulenspiegel) who works for a shoemaker is supposed to cut some leather for shoes. He asks his master, 'How (big) should I make them' and is told, 'Big and small, just as the herdsman drives them through the gate.' The man makes shoes for pigs (sheep). When the master sees this, he throws the man out. Or, they take the shoes to market and tell customers that the winter will be so cold, even the animals will need shoes [J1873.1]. The customers pay well for the shoes.","Told of Til Eulenspiegel, Eulenspiegelbuch (No. 43).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1696,'What Should I Have Said (Done)' Miscellaneous type,"Chauvin 1892ff. VV, 155ff. No. 437; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 87f.; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 4; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I, Nos. 26, 27; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 169, II, No. 424; BP I, 315, 524f.; BP III, 145�151, 311�322; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 762; Haavio 1929f. I, 94�224; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 461; Marzolph 1987a, No. 72; Dekker et al. 1997, 405�407; Schmidt 1999; EM: �Was h�tte ich sagen (tun) sollen� (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 343, 344; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 257; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 69; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 1685, 1696; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 112, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 23, III, No. 43, Kristensen 1890, No. 200; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 339f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 150f.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, Nos. 17, 22a, Soupault 1963, 97ff., Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 120, 150, 151; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 639, 641, 643, 646, 648, 659, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1696, 1696*C; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 147; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1696A, 1696B, cf. Nos. 1696C, 1696D, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976, No. 1696A, Lox 1999b, No. 151; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Plenzat 1927, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 32, 59, II, No. 143; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 112 No. 89, X, 625 No. 12, XIV, 39u.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1696, and app.; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 16, 32; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII C, Nos. 1696, 1696A*, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 210f., 415ff., 419ff., 430, Kl�mov� 1966, Nos. 80, 81, Dvo�k 1978, No. 4494*; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 19ff., 25, 31f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 246, 300; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 347f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 173, cf. No. 259, ajkanovi 1929, No. 92, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 283, 284; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 94, 95, Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 50; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 291; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3013, 3014, 3783; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1696, *1696A; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 148ff., Loukatos 1957, 211f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1696, cf. No. 1697; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 325 (4�5), 328 (1�8); Jewish: Jason 1988a, Nos. 1681*D, 1696, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 1681*D, 1696; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar: Radloff 1866ff. VII, No. 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Aramaic: Nowak 1969, No. 425; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 134; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1696, 1696A, 1696B, 1696D, cf. Nos. 1696*, 1696C; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 93; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1696A, 1696B, cf. No. 1696C, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 417ff.; US-American, French-American, African American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Flowers 1953; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1696, cf. No. *1690, *1703**A; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1696, *1703**D; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 425; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1275; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Type 1696A*.) A mother tells her stupid son (man tells his wife) what he should have said (done) in a particular situation. The son follows the advice at the next opportunity, where it turns out to be inappropriate. He is punished (is told again what he should have done or said, and he follows that advice in the wrong circumstances, etc.) For example, the fool congratulates mourners and offers sympathy to a bridal couple [J2461, J2461.2]. Cf. Types 1681A, 1681B, and 1691B.",NA,"1408, 1642, 1653, 1681B, 1685, and also 571, 574, 1006, 1218, 1240, 1291A, 1291B, 1313, 1384, 1387, 1535, 1539, 1600, 1643, 1655, 1685, 1687, 1691, 1691B, 1693, and 1775."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1697,'We Three; For Money,"Wesselski 1909, No. 37; BP II, 561�566; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90f.; Tubach 1969, No. 5196; Wenzel 1979, 310f.; EM 6 (1990) 453�459 (I. Tomkowiak); Herranen 1995; Bregenh�j 1997; Dekker et al. 1997, 115�117; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 345, 346; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 284; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 243f., 345; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 22, Joisten 1971 II, No. 152, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 59; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 52, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 375�379; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 525�527, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 128, Moser-Rath 1984, 177, 288, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 120; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 150; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 65; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 445f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 82; Slovene: Kres 4 (1884) 611ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 126; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 253ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 300, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 93; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 345; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 1697A; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 361ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 150; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","' Three Valaisans (men of another nationality) who are going to England (another foreign country) learn in advance some important English phrases (cf. Types 1699, 1699B). The first one learns to state who they are: 'We three Valaisans.' The second one learns how to convince a prospective landlord to give them food and lodging: 'For the money.' The third one learns to agree to a stipulated price: 'That's right.' On their journey they are accused falsely of having committed a murder. The judge asks who committed the crime, and the first man answers, 'We three Valaisans.' The judge asks why they did it, and the second man says, 'For the money.' The judge condemns them to be hanged, and the third man responds, 'That's right.' The three men are hanged (or, the real culprit is found and the three men are freed). Cf. Type 360.","Documented in the 14th century by John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (S IV,18). Originally a separate tale, this was later incorporated into Type 360.",360.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698,Deaf Persons and their Foolish Answers,"Aarne 1916a; Weinreich 1953; Uther 1981, 96�99; Baldwin 1982; Rutherford 1983; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 347, 348; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 328(8), 332; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2008*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1673*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Bondeson 1880, No. 32, Djurklou 1883, 119f., Sahlgren/Liljeblad 1937ff. II, No. 27; Norwegian: Kvideland 1977, Nos. 13, 29; Danish: Skattegraveren 1 (1884) 215f., Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 377, 557, Kristensen 1899, No. 378; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 69; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc 1907, 45, 263; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, Nos. 49, 84, Chevalier 1983, No. 221, cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 385; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 486�488, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Poortinga 1976, 276; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 254, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 119, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 102a; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 774; Ladinian: Uffer 1970, 92ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 94; Slovene: Milinski 1920, 7ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 33, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 115; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 509; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1701*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 17, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1673*, 1698; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1673, 1698�1698M; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Uighur: Radloff 1866ff. VI, No. 4; Kurdish: Hadank 1930, No. 23, Dalila et al. 1989, No. 308; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1928f. II, No. 95; Pakistani: Rassool 1964, 181ff.; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 196ff., Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 121; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 76; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Randolph 1956, 39ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1698**GB; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 43ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",(Including the previous Type 1673*.) Miscellaneous type. Two (more) people cannot understand each other because of their impaired hearing. Misunderstandings ensue [X111]. Cf. Type 1965.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698A,Search for the Lost Animal,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 113f. No. 381; Wesselski 1908, No. 31; Aarne 1916a, 16�28; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; Uther 1981, 96�99; Hansen 2002, 190�192; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 349; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921, No. 1980; Swedish: Bondeson 1880, No. 31; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; German: Haltrich 1956, No. 58; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5372; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 17, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 320; Jewish: Jason 1975; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 59; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 54, Levin 1978, No. 47; Uighur: Makeev 1952, 240ff.; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 41; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 61; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 55; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, 95; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 75ff.; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 35, El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Courlander/Leslau 1950, 73ff.","One deaf person has lost sheep (other animals) and, while he is looking for them, meets another deaf person. Neither recognizes the other's disability. A asks if B has seen his sheep. B misunderstands but gestures in a certain direction as he replies about something else. A goes in that direction and finds his sheep. He thanks B and offers him one of his animals which is deformed (lame, etc.) as a reward for his help. B thinks A is blaming him for the animal's deformity. They fight. They take their argument to a judge, who, unknown to either of them, is also deaf. His judgment is absurd [X111.1].","Early version (17th�18th century) by the Georgian Sulxan-Saba Orbeliani, Sibrne sicruisa (No. 17).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698A*,Burning Off the Dirt (previously To Strike Finger),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 358; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961.",A master (priest) who has accidentally dirtied his finger with excrement demands that his servant cut it off (burn the dirt off). He sticks the finger through a hole and the servant strikes it with a burning piece of wood. The master is in so much pain that he pulls his finger out and puts it into his mouth to soothe it.,"Early version (16th century) by Philippe de Vigneulles, Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 80).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698B,Travelers Ask the Way,"Aarne 1916a, 28f.; Uther 1981, 96�99; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 349; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 56; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 50; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1686; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 97; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5873; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 17; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 15; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 15 (1939) 82f.; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.4.1698B.","A traveler asks for directions, but a deaf man misunderstands and thinks that he is offering to buy his ox for a certain price. The traveler repeats his question and the deaf man refuses to sell his animal. His deaf mother brings his dinner. When he tells her about the traveler's offer, she thinks he is telling her that the food is too salty. The daughter-in-law misunderstands what her mother-in-law says about the salty food, etc. The whole family is deaf and they all misunderstand each other [X111.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698B*,Refusal to Eat,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 15; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 36.",The servant thinks that he will punish his master by refusing to eat [J2064].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698C,Two Persons Believe Each Other Deaf,"Wesselski 1908, No. 31; Aarne 1916a, 29�35; Gonnella/Wesselski 1920, No. 16; Schwarzbaum 1968, 57, 453; Uther 1981, 96�99; Hansen 2002, 192f.; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 350; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 15; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 543; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 222; Dutch: Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 60; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 39f., Kapfhammer 1974, No. 9, Moser-Rath 1984, 78f., 210, 288, 382, 430f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4730; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Dracott 1914, 166; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 64; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A trickster tells each of two people (often women) before they meet that the other is deaf and must be shouted at. They do this, and each thinks that the other is insane. After a while, the trickster reveals his trick [X111.3].","Early literary treatment, see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 10).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698D,The Wedding Invitation,"Aarne 1916a, 35�38; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 719; Uther 1981, 96�99; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 42; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5873M; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 411 No. 296; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A landlord meets a deaf farmer and asks him how much he wants for the livestock he has with him. The farmer thinks he is being asked about his daughter's wedding, and tells about this. The landlord asks if he may come, and the farmer replies with the price of the livestock. The landlord says that the farmer is crazy, but the farmer thinks he is wishing him well, and returns the good wish [X111.4].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698G,Misunderstood Words Lead to Comic Results,"Aarne 1916a, 40f., 76f; Uther 1981, 96�99; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 355, 356; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 26, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 63�65, 67; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 220; French: Perbosc 1907, Nos. 1, 2, 4, 8�10, Perbosc/Bru 1987, 130f.; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, Nos. 244, 245, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming), No. 1018B; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 423, 500, 514, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1698G*; Flemish: Volkskunde 58 (1957) 38; German: Neumann 1968a, No. 11, Moser-Rath 1984, 377, 422f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 102b, Berger 2001; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1969, No. 57; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 285; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1698L; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Chinese: Ting 1978; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1698F, 1698G; Mexican: cf. Paredes 1970, No. 23; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 215, Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 70; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","Miscellaneous type. (Including the previous Types 1698F and 1698L.) A deaf person misunderstands similar-sounding words, which leads to unexpected (comic) results or dialog. Cf. Type 1698N. In some cases, someone feigns deafness in order to avoid an obligation or some other unpleasant situation. In others, a hearing person wants to make fun of a deaf person but is embarrassed by his answers [X111.6].",The Questions and answers are often in rhymes.,1805.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698H,The Deaf Man in the Tree (previously The Man with the Bird in the Tree),"Aarne 1916a, 41�50; Uther 1981, 96�99; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Swedish: NM. HA, Ms. 2, 1185�1201; German: Bll. f. Pomm. Vk. 10 (1902) 22, Neumann 1968b, No. 291; Austrian: ZfVk. 3 (1891) 298f., Haiding 1965, No. 271; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A traveler asks the way of a man who is up in a tree, who happens to be deaf. The man in the tree keeps telling him about the bird he has caught (apples he has picked) [X111.8].",The questions and answers are often in rhymes.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698I,Visiting the Sick,"Aarne 1916a, 50f.; Uther 1981, 96�99; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1232; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5873N; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, No. 7; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Esche 1976, 404ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Spanish-American: TFSP 15 (1939) 82f.; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 124 No. 46, 184.","A deaf (hearing-impaired) man goes to visit a sick friend. He wants to hide his impediment so he plans a conversation with questions and answers. The resulting dialog is absurd: 'How are you' ' 'I am dead.'' 'Thank God! What have you eaten' ' 'Poison, I think.' ' 'I hope it agrees with you.' [X111.9].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698J,"The Misunderstood Greeting (previously 'Good Day,'' 'A Woodchopper","Aarne 1916a, 38�40, 51�60, cf. 67�69, 72f., 75f.; Uther 1981, 96�99; Hansen 2002, 194�197; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 351; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 114, Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 24f., Kristensen 1900, Nos. 52�60, 631; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 383, 384, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 246; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 515, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Meyer 1925a, 175f., Zender 1935, No. 138, Neumann 1968b, 97f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5873E, 5873F; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1698E, 1698J; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1698E; US-American: Roberts 1969, No. 41; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 88; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 55; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Cuban: Hansen 1957.","'). (Including the previous Type 1698E.) A traveler (nobleman) greets (questions, insults) a deaf workman (farmer, fisherman), but the workman answers as if the traveler had meant to comment on his work [X111.5, C111.10]. Often the workman had imagined what a potential interlocutor would say to him and had rehearsed his answers. Or, he pretends to be deaf because he is afraid that the traveler will ask him to do something he does not want to do (e.g. lend him something). Cf. Types 1698N, 1699B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698K,The Buyer and the Deaf Seller,"Aarne 1916a, 60�67, 69�71; Uther 1981, 96�99; EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 352�354; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 61, 630, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., Nos. 49, 51; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 30f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Kooi 1985f., No. 39; German: Meyer 1925, 176, cf. 263, Gr�ner 1964, No. 591; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 9 (1931) 159f.",A deaf seller cannot understand what his customer asks him and gives inappropriate answers. The customer does not know about the man's impairment and thinks he is insane [X111.11]. Often the seller has imagined what a potential customer would ask and has rehearsed his answers (has been given instructions about what to say). Cf. Type 1699B.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698M,The Deaf Bishop,"EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 357; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 330; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 69; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 168, 169, 190; German: cf. Neumann 1968b, 117f.","A minister (priest) is called before the bishop because he has been accused of drinking too much. The bishop is old and deaf. The minister confesses his sins publicly in the church: 'In the morning I have a drink' (spoken loudly), 'and after that five or six little drinks' (spoken softly). 'At noon I have another drink' (loudly), 'and then five or six small ones' (softly). The bishop, who hears only the loud words, tells the congregation that the minister has the right to have a drink with his meals, and finds him innocent of the charges [X111.13].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1698N,Pretended Deafness,"EM: Schwerh�riger, Schwerh�rigkeit (forthcoming).","Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 596, 597; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 247; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 614, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 422; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1698M; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 137.","A man (farmer, farmhand, old man, woman) is asked to do something or is told something that he does not want to hear. He pretends to be deaf. But when something is said that he wants to hear, he can hear that [Cf. K231.15]. Cf. Types 1698G, 1698J.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1699,Misunderstanding Because of Ignorance of a Foreign Language (Including the previous Type 1699A),"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 200; cf. Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 65; cf. Bebel/Wesselski 1907, No. 138; BP II, 412, 534f.; Bolte 1931b; Schwarzbaum 1968, 63, 338; Satke 1973; � Cath�in 1974f.; � Cath�in 1982; EM: Sprachmi�verst�ndnisse (forthcoming).","Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1672; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1699, *1699C, *1707**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 188�195, II, Nos. 84, 201�203, cf. No. 205, Kristensen 1899, Nos. 13, 63, 64, 358, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 318, 326, 327, 330, 331, 334, 335, 338, 414, cf. Nos. 129, 523; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 357 No. 11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 629, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1699, cf. No. 1204*A; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1697*, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 60, 65; Frisian: Poortinga 1976, 298, Kooi 1984a, No. 1699C*; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 66; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 289, 412, Tomkowiak 1987, 164, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 69; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 808, 857 No. 8; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1699A; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 432f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 83; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 115, 162, 218, 240, 410; Slovene: Milinski 1920, 19f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 272, cf. No. 290, Karadi 1937, No. 8, cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 286�288; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3743, II, No. 5739, cf. No. 5738; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1699, 1699A; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1699, 1699B, 1699C*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1699, 1699B; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1699B; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1699*C, 1699*D, cf. No. 1699*E, Jason 1975, No. 1699*C, Haboucha 1992, No. 1699, cf. No. **1699C; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 200; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 216; Syrian, Lebanese, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 12; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 190ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1699, 1699A1, 1699C; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 16�18, 17 (1941) 57f., 32 (1964) 54, Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1964, 451f., 452ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **1687C; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1337E�, 1699; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 18; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1698.","Miscellaneous type. Two people who speak different languages cannot understand each other. One of them pronounces the words so that they seem to have a different meaning, or the words sound like different words in the other person's language. Often an absurd conversation leads to unexpected events [J2496.2, X111.7]. Cf. Types 1322, 1700. In some variants the misunderstanding happens because one person does not understand a foreign word (technical term). Or an ambiguous message (statement) leads to the discovery of a criminal (planned crime) [N275.2]. (Previously Type 1699A.) Cf. Type 1697.",NA,1833.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1699A,Cf,NA,NA,Type 1699.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1699B,The Changed Order,EM: Sprachmi�verst�ndnisse (forthcoming).,"Lithuanian: cf. Balys 1936, No. *2420; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 145; English: Baughman 1966; German: Grannas 1960, No. 77; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 54; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","New recruits learn answers to questions in a foreign language. When the order of the questions is changed, confusion ensues [J2496.2, X111.7, cf. J1741.3.1]. Cf. Types 1697, 1698J, and 1698K.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1700,'I Cannot Understand You,"Bolte 1931b; Schwarzbaum 1968, 116, 463, 464; EM 7 (1993) 936�938 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 359; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Legros 1964, 35; German: Tomkowiak 1993; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. J2496; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1700, *1700A; Hungarian: Berze Nagy 1960, 119; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 66; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 288; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5746; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 126, 143, Jason 1965; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. II, No. 108; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Dorson 1964, 90, 452f. African American: Dorson 1956, 79; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, No. 48; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 18.","' (previously 'I Don't Know.') A traveler (apprentice) comes to a city in a foreign country (usually Amsterdam, but also Paris, Hamburg, Vienna, Moscow, etc.) where he sees a beautiful building (villa, palace, factory). Curious, he asks a passer-by, 'Whom does it belong to' The passer-by replies, 'I cannot understand you,' which the traveler misunderstands and takes to be the name of the owner. Similarly, he asks other people in turn the name of the husband of a beautiful woman, of the winner of the lottery, or the owner of a ship. He is amazed at the wealth of Mr. 'I Cannot Understand You.' He becomes reconciled to his own modest circumstances when, as he follows a funeral procession, he learns that Mr. 'I Cannot Understand You' has died [J2496]. Cf. Types 314, 1545, and 1699.","Documented in the late 18th century. Popularized by Johann Peter Hebel, Kannitverstan (1809).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1701,Echo Answers,EM 3 (1981) 971�976 (J. K�hn).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 360, 361; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 373, Cardigos (forthcoming); Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 109.","A woman (man) asks an echo a question. The echo repeats the last phrase, which gives the (often unwelcome) answer [K1887.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1702,Anecdotes about Stutterers,"Satke 1973; R�hrich 1977, 174�178; EM: Stottererwitze (forthcoming).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1702, 1702B*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 223; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 729, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1725*A; German: cf. Moser-Rath 1964, No. 95, Kapfhammer 1974, 210, Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 379, 424f.; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1702, 1702B*; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 367, 368 III, 370; Jewish: Jason 1975; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1702, cf. No. 1702*; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 1702*D; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1702D*�; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1889, No. 10; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","Miscellaneous type. (Including the previous Type 1702B*.) Besides various single variants, two main versions of this story can be distinguished: (1) A stutterer (barber) is addressed by a stranger (student) who also stutters. He thinks the stranger is making fun of him, and a fight ensues. Cf. Type 1562J*. (2) A bride and groom will not talk to each other, because neither of them wants the other to know about his (her) stuttering. (Previously Type 1702B*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1702A*,A Laconic Conversation,,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Russian: SUS; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 502.",Two taciturn farmers understand each other through half words.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1703,Anecdotes about Near-sighted Men,,"Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 84; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1703, 1703A�1703H; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.",Miscellaneous type with diverse variants.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1704,Anecdotes about Absurdly Stingy Persons,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 137, 149, 153, 160, 169, 466, 471; Schwarzbaum 1980, 280; EM 5 (1987) 948�957 (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 362�365; Swedish: DFS 1906/95 s. 30; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 4, 5, 196, 336, 349, 350, II, Nos. 14, 83, 236, 523, 524, 581, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 249, 257; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, Nos. 224, 225; Dutch: Boer 1961, 60; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1704A*; German: cf. Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 237; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 155; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 17; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3569; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1704, *1704A�H, *1704J; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1704, cf. Nos. 1704A, 1704B, *1704C, *1704D, *1704E, *1704F; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1704, cf. No. 1704*A, Jason 1975, No. 1704, cf. No. 1704*A, Jason 1988a, No. 1704, cf. No. 1704*A, Haboucha, Nos. **1704A, **1704B; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1388A�; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1704A�; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1388C�; Iraqi: Jahn 1970, No. 57, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1388A�, 1704; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, Nos. 1704A�C; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1388A�, 1388C�, 1704, 1704B�; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1388A�, 1704, 1704A�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1388A�; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.",Miscellaneous type with diverse variants.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1704*,Saber and Fork (previously Soldier Eats with his Saber),,"Dutch: Kooi 1985f., 169 No. 41; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 72; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4867.","A soldier who is quartered with a farmer demands food and lays his saber on the table to emphasize his order. The farmer brings a pitchfork and lays it beside the saber. The soldier asks what this is for, and the farmer explains that such a great knife warrants an equally great fork.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1705,Talking Horse and Dog,,"Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 414, II, No. 534, Kristensen 1900, No. 562; Welsh: Briggs 1970f. A II, 60f.; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 107, A II, 82; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 322, Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 30; African American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 248f.; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.","A man becomes alarmed by animals who speak. For example, he meets a dog who greets him, or he curses his ox and it replies to him. In North American variants, the man wants his horse to jump over a hole. The horse says, 'I will not.' The man turns to his dog and says, 'Isn't that strange, a horse talking!' The dog says, 'Yes, it is.' Often the man runs away, meeting other animals which answer him. In some variants, objects as well as animals speak [B210.1, B211.1.1.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1706,Anecdotes about Drunkards,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 248, 308f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1801�1815, 5217, 5321; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 117, 320, 321, 596, 614, 636, 682�684, 695, 783, 910, 911, 962, 1074; EM: Trunkenheit (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 14; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, Nos. 293�330, 334, 373; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 327; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 6, 29, 159f., 163f., 218ff., 235, cf. Moser-Rath 1991, 298ff.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1199, *1833M; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5179�5306; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1811C*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *1703; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. *1703, *1703A, Jason 1988a, Nos. *1703, *1703A, Haboucha 1992, No. *1703; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1157*A.",Miscellaneous type with diverse variants.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1706A,The Steadfast Drinker,EM 2 (1979) 98f.,"Dutch: Boer 1961, 14, Kooi 1985f., No. 40; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1703A*; German: Fischer 1955, 52, Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. III, 49; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5245; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1811C*.","A hard-drinking man wagers a drink (piece of bread) with himself (someone else, his horse) that he will be able to pass by an inn without going in. He succeeds (because he throws away his purse by the door of the inn). He (picks up his purse) and goes back to the inn to reward himself for his will power with the promised drink.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1706B,The Obedient Drinker,"Legman 1968f. I, 694f.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 300f.; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 24; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1404; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1703B*.","Three (five) tipplers make a bet (with the innkeeper) for a certain amount of alcohol that they will do whatever their wives ask of them [N13]. The first stumbles over a washtub (chair). His wife says, 'Good, just fall into the tub (smash up the chair)!' He obeys. The second drops a pan (wakes the baby). 'Throw everything around (wake all the children up)!' He obeys. The third stumbles. His wife says, 'Go ahead, break your leg!' He does not obey and loses the bet. (He spills some sauce and she says, 'Smear it all over the table!' He obeys.) The wife of the fourth man tells him to sleep all day in an empty cask, and he obeys. The wife of the fifth tells him to drink all the water in the pipes. He cannot, and loses the bet.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1706C,The Jacket with 36 Buttons,,"Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, No. 328; Dutch: Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1703C*; German: cf. Moser-Rath 1984, 221; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 402, Burrison 1989, 49.","A drunken farmer comes home and cannot find his bed. He falls asleep in the pig sty, where he feels the sow's belly and thinks it is his wife's. He asks, 'Are you wearing the jacket with 36 buttons'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1706D,How the Drunken Man Was Cured,"Cf. Wesselski 1911 I, Nos. 6, 46, 49, 121; cf. Wesselski 1936, 88ff.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 308f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 539f., 540 not. 4; EM: S�ufer kuriert (forthcoming).","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Swedish: Schier 1974, No. 41; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1395; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 115, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 54a, 54b; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 241, II, Nos. 397, 465; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 835; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, No. 95; Japanese: Ikeda 1972, No. 1531A; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, Nos. 835, 835*; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 359; Dodge 1987, 153; Spanish-American: TFSP 14 (1938) 234�236; African American: Abrahams 1970, 210f.","(Including the previous Type 835*.) A wife cures her husband of his alcoholism by a ruse. When the husband is drunk, she organizes a funeral procession, lays him in a coffin and puts a shroud (fool's costume) on him [J2311]. When the drunk husband awakes he thinks he is dead. Later, believing that he has been revived by his wife, the man swears he will never drink any more. Or, a drunken man lies under the bed and thinks he is lying in his shroud. This cures him of his alcoholism [X811].) Cf. Types 1313A*, 1531. In some versions the drinker is uncurable. When his wife, disguised as a ghost, brings him food, he tells her, 'If you had known me better you would have brought me drink.' The wife capitulates [J1323].","Aesopic fable of Babrios (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 246); popularized by La Fontaine, Fables (III,7).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1706E,Drunk Man in the Mine,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 137, 308f.; Morin 1974, No. 106; Schwarzbaum 1979, 539f., 540 not. 3, 5; EM: S�ufer kuriert (forthcoming).","Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 482; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 202f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 37; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1449; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 1313A; German: Zender 1936, No. 58; Jewish: cf. Noy 1963a, No. 132, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 95; Spanish-American: TFSP 20 (1945) 14; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 835A*.","(Including the previous Type 835A*.) Miners (nobleman) take a drunken man (drunkard, tax collector, miser, broom maker) into the mine (into the castle of a nobleman). When he awakes he thinks he is in hell. The miners pretend to be devils. Only when he promises to reform do they allow him to go home.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1708*,The Sharpshooter (previously The Baron Shoots the Pipe out of the Jew's Mouth),,"Livonian: Loorits 1926; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 495f.",A nobleman shoots the pipe out of the mouth of a commoner (Jew) [F661.2].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1710,Boots Sent by Telegraph,"Anderson 1935, 40; Schwarzbaum 1968, 297.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 366; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1710; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Rud 1955, 55; Danish: Christensen 1939, No. 50; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 205, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 74, Pelen 1994, No. 52; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 485, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 81, Neumann 1968a, No. 38; Austrian: ZfVk. 16 (1906) 302 No. 47; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 56; Slovene: Celske slovenske novine 1 (1848) 60; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3830; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Argenti/Rose 1949 II, 600; Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 22; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1701; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 1710A�; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A young man (student) asks his father to send him a new pair of boots. The father tries to send them by telegraph, and throws them over a telegraph wire. A vagrant takes the boots and leaves his old ones in their place. The father thinks that his son had received the new ones and returned his old pair [J1935.1]. Cf. Type 1291D. In some variants, a fool (foolish woman) wants to send a package and a letter by telegraph. He hangs the package on the wire and reads the letter out loud.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1711*,The Brave Shoemaker (previously A Woodcutter does not Fear the Dead),"EM: Tot: Was tot ist, soll tot bleiben (in prep.).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. C171; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 295; French: Pelen 1994, No. 76; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 387, cf. No. 388; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 942*B, Dinnissen 1993, No. 360; Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1976, No. 1667, Berg 1981, No. 277; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 135; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 64, cf. Bodens 1937, Nos. 1171, 1172, Berger 2001; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 742f.; Italian: Calvino 1956, No. 80; Greek: Dawkins 1955, No. 13; Jewish: Richman 1954, 275f.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, Nos. 8, 15, 28; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mayan: cf. Pe�alosa 1992, No. 1711.","A shoemaker (apprentice) is afraid of nothing. His friends want to test this and ask him to keep watch over a dead man. One of them pretends to be dead and lies (instead of a real corpse) in a coffin. During his watch, the shoemaker repairs some shoes. Suddenly the 'dead' man begins to move (breathe). The shoemaker orders him to lie still. When the 'dead' man moves again, the shoemaker says, 'Whatever is dead must stay dead.' He hits the impostor on the head with his hammer and kills him. Cf. Types 326, 1676.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1717*,The Fancy Ailment,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Pelen 1994, No. 111; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 455; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 400, Cardigos (forthcoming); Czech: cf. Sirov�tka 1980, No. 36; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1940*H.","A fine lady explains her ailment to her doctor in complicated, poetic paraphrase. The doctor does not understand her. The lady's servant explains briefly in vulgar language.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Man 1525-1724,The Stupid Man 1675-1724,1718*,God Can't Take a Joke,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 371�373, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E1041; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 125; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 78, 86, 87, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 77, cf. No. 78; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 563; Hungarian: MNK VII C; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 142; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 87, Karadi 1937, No. 69; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4779; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 157; Jewish: Jason 1965; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 95; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 149; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1718*, cf. No. 1718�; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A man in danger of death prays to God for help (makes a vow that if he is rescued, he will do something for God). He escapes the danger but denies that God helped him (does not fulfill his promise). When he again finds himself in a dangerous position, he asks God, 'Can't you take a joke' Cf. Type 778.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1450,Clever Elsie,"Clouston 1888, 191; Chauvin 1892ff. III, 29 No. 12; BP I, 335�342; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1229; EM 8 (1996) 12�16 (R. B. Bottigheimer); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 507.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 112, VI, Nos. 59, 94; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 264; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 22, Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 16, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 2�4, Christensen 1941, Nos. 4, 5, Holbek 1990, No. 40; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 46; French: Perbosc 1954, No. 43, Delarue 1956, No. 3 (6), Soupault 1963, 222ff., Massignon 1968, No. 38; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Volkskunde 21 (1910) 20f., Kooi 2003, No. 85; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1966, No. 76, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 34; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 263; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 55; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 404ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 263; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 104; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 125, Karadi 1937, 273 No. 1; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 66, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331 III 1 (var. c, d, g, h); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 47; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 289; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1450; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 11, XIII, No. 8, XIV, No. 5; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 204, Burrison 1989, 101ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 77, 78; West Indies: Flowers 1953; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A (supposed) suitor visits the family of a marriageable young woman. Her parents send her to the cellar to fetch something for the visitor to drink. While drawing the drink the woman grows despondent over the fate of a child she might have after she is married. She worries about his cradle or his name, or weeps because she fears he will be killed by a tool (hammer, knife, hoe, stone) that may fall down on him, or an illness that may kill him. Her parents come to see what is the matter with their daughter. She tells them her worries and they too begin to weep. Meanwhile all the drink pours out of the cask, and the suitor leaves the house [J2063]. Cf. Types 1384, 1387, 1430A, and 2022B.",NA,"1210, 1229*, 1245, 1286, 1383, 1384, 1540, 1541, and also 1180, 1202, 1244, 1263, 1326, 1430A, 1528, and 1540A*."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1451,The Thrifty Girl,"BP III, No. 156; HDM 1 (1930�33) 314�316 (L. Mackensen); EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath); Dekker et al. 1997, 61�63.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs/Tongue 1965, No. 49; German: Wossidlo 1910, 56f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 551, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 156, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5146; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: cf. Beck et al. 1987, No. 5; Ecuadorian: cf. Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 52.","A thrifty young woman weaves herself a dress from flax that her sister carelessly dropped on the floor. When the sister's suitor learns of this, he leaves the lazy sister and marries the thrifty one [H381.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1452,Thrifty Cutting of Cheese,"Bolte 1893; K�hler 1896, 173 No. 90; BP III, 236�239; HDM 1 (1930�33) 92f. (G. Kahlo), 133�136 (G. Kahlo), 314�316 (L. Mackensen); EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 95; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 46; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 221; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meier 1852, No. 30, Benzel 1965, Nos. 183, 185, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 155; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 1452A*; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 198; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 141; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Indian: cf. Beck et al. 1987, No. 5; US-American: Brown 1952 I, 702, Dorson 1964, 146ff.","A suitor wants to be sure he marries a good wife. He observes three young women (sisters) eating cheese (apples). The first eats the cheese with its rind. The second cuts the rind off, but discards some good cheese as well. He chooses (his mother advises him to marry) the third sister because she is careful and thrifty, and discards only the rind [H381.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1453,Key in Flax Reveals Laziness,"BP III, No. 155; HDM 1 (1930�33) 133�136 (G. Kahlo); EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 96, 97; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 265; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 46ff., Skattegraveren 1 (1884) 216 No. 340, 11 (1889) 218 No. 19, 12 (1889) 15 No. 802, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 6, 7; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 155; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo 1910, 100, Meyer 1925a, No. 125, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 431, Cammann 1980, 202, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 107, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 155, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 141; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 169; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: cf. Beck et al. 1987, No. 5.","A suitor puts a key into the flax which a seemingly-industrious young woman (according to her mother's or her own statement) is about to spin into thread. On a later day he finds the key still there, and thus knows that the woman is lazy [H382.1]. Or, a suitor tests three young women. Only the youngest finds the key that he has hidden in the flax, so she is the one whom he marries.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1453**,The Slovenly Fianc'e,HDM 1 (1930�33) 133�136 (G. Kahlo); Gauthier 1978; EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath); Schmidt 1999.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 142; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 20, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2058; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1539; German: Debus 1951, 212ff., 313f., Dietz 1951, No. 28, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, 29, 172; Austrian: cf. Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 198; Hungarian: Ortutay 1957, No. 21, cf. MNK VII B, No. 1453B*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 13; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1462A; US-American: Dorson 1964, 144; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1220; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A suitor who wants to choose a bride sees a young woman who bakes (cooks) while a drop is hanging from her nose. He decides to marry her only if the drop does not fall. When it falls into the dough (bowl), he leaves. Or, the suitor has come to find out whether or not the young woman is a neat housekeeper [W115.1].","Told of Til Eulenspiegel, Eulenspiegelbuch (No. 75)",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1453***,Three-weeks-old Dough,HDM 1 (1930�33) 133�136 (G. Kahlo); EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 101; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 266; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1453***, 1462*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Kvideland 1977, No. 56, Hodne 1984; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1453***, 1462*; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 37f. No. 31, Kristensen 1900, No. 8; French: Cadic 1955, No. 15; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 78; Serbian: Eschker 1986, No. 63; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5147, 5148; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1453***, 1462*; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 96; African American: Burrison 1989, 37; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1462*.) A suitor discovers that his fianc'e still has dough under her fingernails three weeks after she last baked. He decides not to marry her. (He choses a young woman with proper fingernails.) [H383.1.1]. In some variants (formerly Type 1462*), the suitor remarks that he has not been able to find seven-year-old mash, which was prescribed for him as medicine. The mother of his fianc'e tells him they have old mash adhering to their pots and pans. The suitor leaves.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1453****,The Flatulent Girl (previously Puella pedens),"HDM 1 (1930�33) 133�136 (G. Kahlo); Legman 1968f. II, 338, 860; Legman 1974, 156; EM 2 (1979) 745�753, esp. 749 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 100, 102, 103; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 267; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1459*, Loorits 1926, No. 46; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 351, cf. No. 1454****; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 200, cf. No. 201; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: cf. Parafita 2001f. II, Nos. 31, 62, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. *1524; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1453****, 1453C*; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 330, Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. I, 282f., Heckscher/Simon 1980ff. II,1, 256f., Ringseis 1980, 164; Austrian: Polsterer 1908, No. 66; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 44, Eschker 1986, No. 64; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 33; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4727; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1453****, cf. Nos. *1453*****, *1453******; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1453****, *1454; Cuban, Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. *1454, **1459, **1460.","A young woman (wife) who farts easily creates embarrassing situations. A suitor observes her secretly and counts her farts. Or, she tries to cure her problem by stopping up her backside with the alarm whistle of the fire department. As she dances, the whistle plays, and the other people think a fire has broken out. In some variants, the shoemaker's wife farts so horribly that her husband stops up her backside with tar and leather. To prevent her from bursting, he makes a small hole in the leather with his awl. This is the origin of organ pipes (wind instruments).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1453A,The Fast Weaver,HDM 1 (1930�33) 133�136 (G. Kahlo); EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 99, 100; Swedish: EU, No. 25761; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1453A, p. 264; Bulgarian: cf. BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1454; Indian: Jason 1989.","A young woman boasts to her suitor that she can weave very fast. While the suitor watches, she weaves so fast that she drops the shuttle.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1453B*,The Wedding that Did Not Take Place,"Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 74; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1453D*; US-American: Dorson 1946, 97f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1453*****.",NA,"On the way to the wedding the bridegroom steps into a puddle and soils the dress of his bride. Angry, she refuses to marry him. Later they try again to have the wedding, but this time the bridegroom balks. By the third time, the mayor (clergyman) refuses to officiate.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1454*,The Greedy Fianc'e,EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 104, 105; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 15 No. 18; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 202; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 382, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Selk 1949, No. 1, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 109, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. *1454.","A young woman is visited by her suitor(s). Her mother brags that she can finish three portions per day. The suitor thinks (is meant to think) that this refers to her ability to spin. However, he sees that the young woman is eating from several dishes at once. He does not want to have a wife with such an appetite, so he leaves [H385].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1455,The Hard-hearted Fianc'e,"Basset 1924ff. III, 47 No. 33; EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 106; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 397; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1455, cf. No. 1455A; Jewish: Jason 1975; Jordanian, Saudi Arabian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A father-in-law disguises himself as a beggar and visits the house of his future daughter-in-law. He finds the house ill-kept, and the woman treats him badly. (He advises his son not to marry her.) [H384.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1456,The Blind Fianc'e,"BP III, 237�239; Schwarzbaum 1968, 305; EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath); Uther 1981, 89f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 61ff.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 107�110; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 268b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 15 No. 18, 16f. No. 20, 36f. No. 62, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 5, 40; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Zender 1935, No. 69, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 433, Cammann 1980, 201f., Moser-Rath 1984, 452 No. 129, cf. 193, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 108, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII B; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 58; Slovene: Vede 3 (1850) 150; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3748; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1456*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 349; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 55, Abrahams 1970, 216f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A young woman of marriageable age is blind (half blind, nearsighted). When a suitor visits her, the young woman and her mother try to trick him into overlooking the daughter's disability. The mother hides a nail somewhere (in the hay, on the floor) where the daughter can pretend to find it. Later, the daughter reveals her poor vision by mistaking the butter (coffee pot) for the cat and shooing it off the table. The suitor leaves [K1984.5]. In some variants the suitor asks her to kiss him and presents his naked backside for the kiss [K1225].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1456*,The Blind Girl and her Fianc',"Tubach 1969, No. 3764.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 111; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 355; German: Uther 1998, No. 73; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1481; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1456; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A suitor leads his blind fianc'e around her house (in the forest, through the swamp) and steals her possessions. Or a doctor treating the eyes of a nearly-blind woman steals all her possessions. When he leaves, she refuses to pay for her treatment. She insists that she could see better before her treatment, because then she was able to see the things in her house [J1169.1].","Documented in the late Middle Ages, e.g. Mensa philosophica (IV,44).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1457,The Lisping Maiden,"Bolte 1893f.; BP III, 237; EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath); Uther 1981, 90.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 95, 112�115; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 43, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 30�39; French: Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 225, 226; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 203; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 381, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Boer 1961, 31; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 34; German: Meyer 1925a, 272, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 432, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 109, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 311; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 173; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B, Nos. 1457, 1457A*; Slovakian: Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 37; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 108; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 34; Bosnian: cf. Klari 1917, 300; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3725, 3754; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 197f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 338; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 351; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 184; Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Beck et al. 1987, No. 27; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 320f.; Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Ecuadorian: cf. Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 22.","In order not to reveal their speech impediments, sisters are forbidden by their mother to speak to a suitor who has come to visit them. The daughters forget and speak, thus exposing their speech defects [K1984.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1457*,Stutterer Goes Matchmaking,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3769; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 1457A.","A stutterer is going to be married (is a matchmaker). As he goes to the young woman's house, he is advised not to speak if possible. At the table, he notices that the potatoes are about to burn (that he has no spoon). He begins to speak and reveals his stutter. The marriage is canceled.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1458,The Girl who Ate so Little,EM 2 (1979) 748; EM 4 (1984) 476�478 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 116; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 1458*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 40, Childers 1948, No. K1984.2.2*; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkelbach-Pinck 1940, 48f., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 61; Italian: Busk 1874, 382ff.; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 173; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 372; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 319; Jewish: Jason 1965; Saudi Arabian: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 39; Jordanian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Beck et al. 1987, No. 5; African American: Burrison 1989, 37; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 309f., 324f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.53, 2.3.1458.","A mother boasts that her daughter eats very little. Her suitor observes the daughter as she cooks or bakes and sees that this is not true [K1984.2]. Or, the fianc'e, who claims that she eats hardly any bread, drinks extra wine. Cf. Types 1373, 1373A, 1407, and 1407A.",NA,"1453, 1459**; and 1453***."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1458*,The Careless Cook (previously The Bride Cooks Porridge full of Lumps),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 117; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1458*, cf. Nos. *1458A*�*1458C*.","A young wife cooks food that is always full of lumps (garbage). She explains to her husband (mother-in-law, guests) that what he found in the food is not a lump, but her child's sock.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1459*,The Suitor Takes Offense at a Word used by the girl,,"Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 66; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 31; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3749; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff.","A suitor takes offense at the woman wooed by him (at something she says), but then thinks better of it.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1459**,Keeping up Appearances,EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 118�121; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1459.","A suitor visits a poor farm. The family (the potential bride or bridegroom) desperately try to pretend that they are rich (they refer to their one cow as cattle, play other word games). The suitor discovers the truth [K1984].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1460,The Big Jump,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 7.","Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 344; German: Ranke 1955 III, 188f.; Hungarian: MNK VIIB; Russian: Afanas�ev 1883, Nos. 43, 45.",A princess wants to marry whichever boy is able to jump over a haystack so big that she cannot urinate over it. The boy has sexual intercourse with her and easily performs the feat because the young woman has lost her unusual ability along with her maidenhead.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1461,The Girl with the Ugly Name,"Herbert 1910 III, 174 No. 87, 421 No. 83; EM 4 (1984) 476�478 (E. Moser-Rath).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 399, 400, Cardigos (forthcoming).","A young woman is ashamed of her ugly name. Her mother gives her a prettier one. When she addresses her daughter by her new name, the daughter does not respond, so the mother has to revert to using the old name [K1984.3].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1462,The Unwilling Suitor Advised from the Tree,EM 2 (1979) 226�230 (J. T. Bratcher).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 102; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 65ff. No. 219, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 57; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 75; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 455,Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 111; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, No. 148; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Boratav 1967, No. 40; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Burrison 1989, 37.","A young woman whose suitor hesitates to propose to her wants to hurry him along. She hides behind a tree and, pretending to be an angel, advises the man that he should get married. The man obeys the divine command and marries the young woman [K1971.6]. Cf. Types 1380A*, 1476.",NA,1750.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1463,Finger-drying Contest Won by Deception,"Wesselski 1908, No. 22; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 14; Legman 1968f. I, 487; EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath); Dekker et al. 1997, 61f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 122; French: cf. Perbosc 1907, No. 22; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 435, Moser-Rath 1984, 93, 288, 290, 399, 452; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; US-American: Baughman 1966.","Three young women dip their hands in water. Whichever of them has the hands that are the first to dry will be the first to marry. The clever youngest insists that she does not want to marry, and waves her hands in the air to emphasize this. Thus her hands dry the quickest and she wins the contest [K95].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1463A*,Foolish Bride Gives away her Dowry,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1463*; Hungarian: MNK VII B.",A suitor and a matchmaker visit a foolish young woman whose parents are not at home. The young woman follows her mother's advice literally and gives the visitors her dower [J2463.1].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1464C*,Good Housekeeping,"BP III, 236f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 95, 123; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1469*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1464; Danish: Folkets Almanak 1898, 237f.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 106f.; Kooi 1984a, No. 1451A*; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 14.","A suitor comes to visit three sisters although their house has not been cleaned. The first two sisters apologize for the disorder, but the third cleans the room for him. He marries the third.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1464D*,Nothing to Cook,"Legman 1968f. I, 690f.; Hansen 2002, 287�289.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 124; Norwegian: Hodne 1984.","A young woman tells her suitor that she cannot cook. 'That doesn't matter,' he says, 'because I have nothing to cook anyway.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1465A*,The Concentrated Washer,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 126; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1465; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II.",A mother seeks a suitable wife for her son. She decides on a young woman who does nothing else when she washes.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1468,Money in the Bible,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973, No. 1453(1); Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 149; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1453B; Swiss: cf. Lachmereis 1944, 62f.; Italian: Anderson 1923, 361; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 232, Dodge 1987, 147; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1453.","The king visits the house of a man (family members) who complains about his poverty. The king asks whether he reads the Bible regularly, and the man says yes, he is a great Bible reader. The king secretly puts some money inside the poor man's Bible. On his next visit, it is still there [H261].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1468*,Marrying a Stranger,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 127; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 28, II, Nos. 18, 527; French: Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 34; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 121, Kooi 1985f., No. 21; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 446, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 447, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 110; Austrian: Lang-Reitst�tter 1948, 197, Haiding 1969, No. 114; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 94; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3786; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 183; Mexican: cf. Rael 1957 II, No. 454.","A young woman worries about her approaching marriage. When her mother tries to reassure her, the daughter replies, 'It was easy for you because you married father, but I have to marry a stranger.' [J2463.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Looking For A Wife 1450-1474,1470,Miscellaneous Bride Tests,HDM 1 (1930�33) 133�136 (G. Kahlo); EM 2 (1979) 745�753 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1453*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 71, III, No. 95, Bartens 2003, No. 65; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 506, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1479*�*A; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2058; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1452B*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1464C1; Hungarian: MNK VII B, No. 1452A*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1451A*, *1453B, *1457A*, *1462A*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1452*, 1452**; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Nos. 1452*A, 1453*B.","Miscellaneous type with diverse variants. (Including the previous Types 1453*, 1453A*, and 1455*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1501,Aristotle and Phyllis,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 402; Josephson 1934; Basset 1924ff. II, 135 No. 61; Delbouille 1951; HDS (1961�63) 328f.; Springer 1968, 203�217; Tubach 1969, No. 328; EM 1 (1977) 786�788 (R. W. Brednich); Rescher 1980; Herrmann 1991; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 469; Ragotzky 1996; Verfasserlexikon 11 (2000) 130�133 (E. Simon); Erfen 2001.","Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Grubm�ller 1996, 492ff., 1185ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 328; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1421; Indonesian: Bezemer 1903, No. 13, Voorhoeve 1927, No. 170; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. III, No. 453.","An aged philosopher (Aristotle) warns his student (Alexander the Great) against letting himself be dominated by his wife. Alexander withdraws from his wife (Phyllis, Roxane, Candacis, Campaspe). In revenge the neglected queen makes the philosopher fall in love with her and he pursues her with proposals. Pretending to woo him, she demands that he crawls on his hands and knees and let her ride on his back. Alexander surprises Aristotle in this undignified position [K1215]. Ashamed, the philosopher answers quickly that he was trying to warn Alexander against such foolishness. Alexander forgives Aristotle and continues to follow his teachings (Aristotle is so ashamed that he has to leave the country).",The oldest version (with other actors) is a Buddhist tale from China from the year 516 C.E. Documented in Europe since the early 13th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1503*,The Daughter-in-law and the Real Daughter,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 145�148, p. 490; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a.","A mother favors her own daughter, whom she thinks is more diligent than her daughter-in-law, although actually the reverse is true. For example she praises her daughter for spinning a big spool every week, and she criticizes her daughter-in-law for spinning only one small spool per day. She does not see that seven small spools are more than one big one.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1510,The Matron of Ephesus,"Grisebach 1889; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 210ff. No. 254; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 564, 583; Basset 1924ff. II, 15 No. 6; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 752; Ranke 1953; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 82; Tubach 1969, Nos. 5262, 5263; Frenzel 1976, 666�669; Scobie 1977, 15�17; Schwarzbaum 1979, 394�417; Schwarzbaum 1981; Huber 1990; Bronzini 1993; Dekker et al. 1997, 165�168; Hansen 2002, 266�279; EM: Witwe von Ephesus (in prep.).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1352*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1352*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1352*, 1510; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 207f.; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 7; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 157; Dutch: cf. Sinninghe 1943, No. 1350*, Schippers 1995, No. 476, Kooi 2003, No. 86; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 475, Rehermann 1977, 436 No. 32, Moser-Rath 1984, 121, 457; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 874; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Schenda 1996, No. 4; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 60, MNK VII B; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5262; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, No. 57, V, 111; Slovene: Soa 25 (1895) No. 37; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 278; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980 No. 17; Chinese: cf. Wilhelm 1914, No. 39; US-American: Dodge 1987, 101; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 289, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 33, El-Shamy 2004.","(Vidua.) (Including the previous Type 1352*.) A woman mourns her dead husband by his grave (in his tomb, in a house nearby) and is completely inconsolable. Near the cemetery a soldier (knight) guards a gallows on which a man has been hanged. One cold night the soldier leaves his post and visits (spends the night with) the widow. When he returns, he finds that the corpse which he was supposed to guard has been stolen. In order to prevent him from being punished, the widow offers to have her husband's body exhumed and substituted for the one on the gallows (the soldier proposes this) [K2213.1]. (The soldier promises to marrry her. The woman knocks her husband's teeth out, in order to make the body like that of the stolen corpse. The soldier punishes the woman for her callousness by refusing to marry her [T231.4].). Cf. Type 1350.","Documented in the Buddhist tradition; early European version see Petron, Satyricon (ch. 111f.).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1511*,Advice of the Bells,"cf. Tubach 1969, No. 4295b; EM 11,1 (2003) 239�242 (H. Lox).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 381, 387, 484, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1511*, cf. No. 1511*�*A; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 69; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 12; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1511; German: Kubitschek 1920, 11, Moser-Rath 1984, 121f., Slovakian: cf. Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 68; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1522.","A woman (widow) who wants to marry her farmhand asks the priest what he thinks of this idea. He advises her to listen to the bells. She believes they recommend the marriage. Her husband turns out to be a heavy drinker, and the wife complains to the priest. He advises her again to listen to the bells. Now these tell her not to marry the farmhand, but it is too late. In some variants, it is a young man who listens to the advice of the bells. His wife's obstinate nature makes his life difficult. In the end he manages to subdue her.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1512*,Consolation,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 50; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 509, Haddinga/Schuster 1982, 71; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 101.","A clergyman visits a woman whose husband has recently died. He advises her to seek consolation for her grief in the Bible. She points to her husband's trousers hanging on the wall and says, 'There are his trousers, but there is no consolation in them any more.' (Or, 'No book can give consolation like what was in those trousers used to.')",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1515,The Weeping Bitch,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 45f. No. 13, IX, 22 No. 11; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 873; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 193; Tubach 1969, No. 661; Hatami 1977, No. 14; Chatillon 1980; Schwarzbaum 1989, 279�283; EM 6 (1990) 1368�1372 (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 193.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1351; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1351; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 661; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. K1351; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 86ff., 162f., El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 85, El-Shamy 2004.","(Catala.) A merchant (knight) goes on a journey (pilgrimage). He leaves his faithful wife alone and unsupervised. A young man falls in love with her, but she rejects his advances. Sick with love, he goes to an old woman (nun) who promises to help. The old woman gives her female dog nothing to eat for two days, and on the third day gives it food cooked with mustard (pepper), which makes its eyes water. The old woman (often disguised as a nun or dervish [K1837]) takes this 'weeping' dog with her to visit the wife whom the young man loves. When the wife asks what is the matter with the dog, the old woman at first does not reply. Then she tells the wife that the dog is actually her daughter (sister), who turned into an animal because she did not reciprocate a man's love. The young wife believes this false story and asks the old woman to arrange a meeting for her with the young man [K1351]. The go-between cannot find the lovesick young man but does not want to lose her payment for arranging the meeting. She meets a man (who happens to be the husband, returning home) and offers him an assignation. When the wife recognizes her husband, she berates him and accuses him of adulterous intentions. She pretends to have set up the situation as a test. Thus she is exonerated, her husband is made to seem to be an adulterer, and the old woman loses her payment.","Of Indian origin (ukasaptati, Kathsaritsgara), carried to Europe by Arab and Jewish tradition. The text of Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 13), is important.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Other Stories About Women 1500-1524,1516*,Marriage as Purgatory (previously Pleasant Purgatory),"Basset 1924ff. I, 285 No. 27; Schwarzbaum 1968, 32, 445; EM 1 (1977) 357�359 (K. Ranke).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 1516C*; English: Zall 1963, 85; French: Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 215, 216, 218; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1516C*; Catalan: Ranke 1972, No. 28; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, No. 74, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1516C*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1516C*; Walloon: Laport 1932, Nos. *1518, *1518A, Legros 1962, No. 1516B*; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 285, Nord 1939, 23; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 27; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 456; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3350, 3411; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1516A*, cf. No. *1516F*; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1516*; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1516A*; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 1516C*; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 800.0.2.","(Including the previous Types 1516A*'1516D*.) Cf. Type 165B*. Miscellaneous type. Four important forms can be distinguished: (1) A dead man would rather remain in purgatory than return to his quarrelsome wife on earth (would rather not go to heaven because he does not want to be with his wife). (2) A shepherd compares his own sorry situation with the crucifixion: Christ suffered on the cross for only a few hours. Being married would have been a real punishment for him [T251.0.2], esp. if he had had children and no money to buy them presents for Easter. (Previously Type 1516A*.) (3) An old man comes to the door of heaven and St. Peter asks him what he did on earth. He answers that he was married. Peter lets him come right in because he already suffered his time in purgatory. A second man, who overheard this exchange, also wants to enter heaven. He tells Peter that he was married twice. Peter tells him that there is no place in heaven for such fools [T251.0.1]. (Previously Types 1516B* and 1516C*.) (4) A priest demands payment from a man for having performed his marriage. The man proposes that he 'unmarry' him instead. (Previously Type 1516D*.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1475,Marriage Forbidden Outside the Parish,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 128; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 269; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 253; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Brazilian: cf. Cascudo 1955b, 50ff.",A proclamation is read in church that says that it is forbidden for any young man to marry a young woman from another parish (that the men are required to marry the local old maids) [X751].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1476,The Prayer for a Husband,"BP III, 120�128; R�hrich 1962f. II, No. 11; EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath); EM 2 (1979) 226�230 (J. T. Bratcher).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 129�131; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, Nos. 163, 164; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 204, B II, 341f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, No. 33, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 51; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 8; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 83, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 438, 442, Moser-Rath 1984, 92, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 139, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 67; Greek: cf. Hallgarten 1929, 37f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 61, Karow 1972, No. 66; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 29; Cuban: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1476*B.","An old maid prays to God (saint) for a husband [X761]. The sexton (the wished-for husband) hides behind the altar (saint's statue) and tells her (pretending to be God) to put her foot on her neck (to denude herself) or to do something else that puts her in an shameful situation [K1971.9]. Cf. Types 1380A*, 1462.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1476A,Prayer to Christ Child's Mother,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 I, 57�60, 196�200; BP III, 120�128; R�hrich 1962f. II, 488�497; EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath); EM 2 (1979) 226�230 (J. T. Bratcher); Schwarzbaum 1979, 471.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1479**; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 169, B II, 92ff.; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 220; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 291, Martha/Pinto 192, 217f., Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1476A, 1479**; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1479; Frisian: Kooi 1993, No. 51; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1476A, 1479**, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 248, Dietz 1951, No. 106, Moser-Rath 1984, 202, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 139; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1476A, 1479**; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 147; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1934, No. 122; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 120; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 313, Orso 1979, No. 159; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1479; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1479*; Mexican: Robe 1970, No. 204, cf. Robe 1973, No. 1347*.","(Including the previous Type 1479**.) An old maid prays to a statue of the Virgin Mary, asking her to grant her a husband. Hidden behind the statue, a man (sexton) answers that this cannot be. The old maid tells the baby Jesus to keep quiet, she had been speaking to his mother who will be more sympathetic to her request. In some variants a saint does not answer the prayer of a certain woman. The woman curses him or takes violent revenge on his picture (statue) [V123]. (Previously Type 1479**) Cf. Types 1324A*, 1347*, 1380A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1476B,Old Maid Married to a Devil (previously Girl Married to a Devil),EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 132, 133; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 268 No. 1.2.1.8; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 1541I*; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 274, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Cammann 1967, No. 153; Maltese: cf. Ilg 1906 I, No. 11; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 88ff., Jech 1984, No. 62; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 53, 93, 206, 262, 293, 367, II, Nos. 482, 510, Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, Nos. 36, 53, 93, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 28; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 61, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., Nos. 10, 11; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 479; Mexican: Robe 1973.","(Including the previous Type 1476C.) An old maid who is tired of living alone cries out in despair, 'I would even marry the devil, if he would have me!' The devil comes and carries her off (marries her) [G303.12.5]. Or as she lies down hoping to die (previously Type 1476C). A trickster climbs into her bed and she enjoys the sensation of 'sweet death.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1477,The Wolf Husband (previously The Wolf Steals the Old Maid),EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 134, 135; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Dardy 1891, No. 17, cf. Delarue 1947, No. 14, Perbosc 1954, No. 8; Portuguese: Vasconcellos 1963 II, No. 477, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1477, 1477*; Bulgarian: BFP; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 106; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 322; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004.",(Including the previous Type 1477*.) An old maid wants to marry regardless of who her husband is. A wolf (bear) passes by (is brought by). She takes him for her husband (and he eats her) [X755].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1478,Nibbling the Nails (previously The Meal of Beans),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 136�138; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Portuguese: Ranke 1972, No. 179, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 50, 51, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1479*�*A; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 252; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1478*.","An old maid wants to get married. A man promises to marry her if she is able to nibble (three) nails (beans, nuts) [H360]. After a while he asks her if she has nibbled the nails yet 'We can get married now,' she replies , 'After the one in my mouth I've only two more to go.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1479*,The Old Maid on the Roof (previously The Youth Promises to Marry the Old Maid),"EM 1 (1977) 353�357 (U. Masing); Marzolph 1992 I, 231f., II, No. 1025.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 139; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 156; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 150, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Lo Nigro 1953, 290, No. 7c; Bulgarian: BFP; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 106; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 26, 34 (1967) 105; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 156, Dorson 1958, No. 96; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 307f.","An old maid courts a young man. He promises to marry her if she will spend the entire night naked (lightly clothed) on the roof of the house (another place). While waiting she repeats a saying again and again, freezes to death and falls down from the roof [X753]. Dach [X753].",NA,"1475�1477, and 1737."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1485*,Pretty Lips,EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 140; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 486, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wossidlo 1910, 98, Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 63, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming).","A mother tells her old maid daughter to say 'Tirlipp' repeatedly, to keep her lips pretty [X756].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1485A*,Old Maid Wants to Attract Attention,EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 141; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 61, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming).",An old maid complains that she goes to church but no man has ever taken notice of her. Her father advises her to wear a dog's collar or a wreath of twigs around her neck. She follows this advice and reports back that everyone in church stared at her and even laughed.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1486*,The Daughter Talks too Loud,EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 142, 143; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 37 No. 63; Bulgarian: BFP.",A mother advises her unmarried daughter to keep her mouth half closed in front of her suitors. The daughter does so but speaks even more loudly [X756].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,Jokes About Old Maids 1475-1499,1488,Miscellaneous Tales of Old Maids,EM 1 (1977) 365�369 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 144; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1480*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 1470*, 1480*, 1481*, *1481A**, *1482*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1480*; French: Perbosc/Bru 1987, 57f., Courri�re 1988, 71ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1476D; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1490*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1476*; Hungarian: MNK VII B, No. 1479***; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 35, 382, II, 490; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1479A*, *1481A*, *1481B*, *1483*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1482�1484, 1488, 1489, 1491; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1392�, 1392*; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1392�, 1392*; Iraqi, Oman: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1392*; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1392�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1476; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1392*.","Miscellaneous type with diverse variants. (Including the previous Types 1470*, 1480*, 1487*, and 1490*.) [X752].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1440,The Substituted Animal (previously The Tenant Promises his Daughter to his Master against her will),EM: Tier: Das untergeschobene T. (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 88; Estonian: cf. Aarne 1918, No. 1191*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Roth 1977, No. E45, Wehse 1979, No. 362; Spanish: Lorenzo V�lez 1997, Nos. 25, 26; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 500, 501, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Roth 1977, No. D42; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Russian: SUS; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 896; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. I, 195ff., 209ff., II, No. 4, XVIII, No. 1; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 217.","A tenant farmer (neighbor, miller) promises his beautiful daughter against her will to his master. On the wedding day the master sends a farmhand to take 'that which was promised to him'. The father sends him to the field where the daughter is at work, and she gives the messenger a mare. His master tells him to take that which he brought into the bedroom (the mare is dressed as a bride and put into the bed) [J1615]. In some variants the daughter calls herself (the father calls his daughter) 'Mrs. Donkey' ('Mrs. Horse') by ruse. When the master asks for 'Mrs. Donkey', the messenger brings a real donkey.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1441*,Old Woman Substitute,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 155; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 46; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 89�91; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Roth 1977, Nos. E45, E53, E56�E59, cf. No. E55, Wehse 1979, No. 328; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, No. 883F; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1417; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Roth 1977, No. D53, cf. No. D42, Moser-Rath 1984, 288; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 246; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 491; Jewish: Jason 1965; Mordvinian: Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. III, 316ff.; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A man (priest) pays to be permitted to spend the night beside a young woman. She acts bashful and nervous, so he agrees to come in the dark. The next morning, he finds beside him an ugly old woman (wooden figure, heap of excrements) [K1223, K1843.3]. Cf. Type 1379.","Early literary treatment, see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VIII,4).",1379.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1441A*,The Inked Girl,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 91; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; English: Wehse 1979, No. 502; Russian: SUS.","A young woman is brought to an old man to spend the night with him. During the night she smears herself with black ink. The next morning, when the man sees the black face beside him, he thinks he has slept with the devil.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1441B*,Godfather and Godmother,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 478; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 266 V, 270; Jewish: Jason 1965; Yemenite, Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 2004.","A godfather would like to have an affair with a godmother. She agrees to meet him in the barn but sends her husband to meet him. The godfather says he only wants some straw. The same thing happens in the pigsty (sheep or cow stall), and the godfather tells the husband that he heard he had piglets to sell. The godmother invites her suitor into the house and he hides in the oven. When the husband finds him there, he says he was only measuring it. Finally the suitor turns up in their bed, and he claims he is there because he made a bet that the husband does not have two testicles (is circumcised).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1443*,The Pillow too High,"Ranke 1955b, 46; Legman 1968f. I, 123.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 92; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 130, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1968a, No. 152, Neumann 1968b, No. 258; Jewish: Jason 1965; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Randolph 1957, 99, Hoffmann 1973; African American: Burrison 1989, 185f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","An unmarried man and woman meet on their journeys and spend the night together in a single room. They sleep in the same bed with a pillow between them. The next day, the woman's hat is blown over a wall (hedge). When the man goes to get it for her, she objects, 'No, if you could not climb over the pillow last night, you certainly can't climb over this wall!' Cf. Type 1351A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1446,"'Let them Eat Cake!' When the queen was told that the poor people had no bread, she answered, 'Let them eat cake!' [J2227]","Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 48; Taylor 1968; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 496; EM 8 (1996) 536�541 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Campion-Vincent/Shojaei Kawan 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 93; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1446*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Swiss: Senti 1988, No. 549; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 56; Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.",NA,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1447,Drinking only after a Bargain,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 379; Wesselski 1909, No. 132; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 306; Schwarzbaum 1968, 187f.; Tubach 1969, No. 5311.","Danish: Christensen 1941, No. 18; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 182, Kubitschek 1920, 20f., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 117, Kapfhammer 1974, 91; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 14; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5238; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1447A; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 103.",A man and a woman swear to each other not to drink any wine except on market day. Then they open their own market where they sell their own donkey to each other. Or a woman swears to drink only after concluding a bargain. She sells and buys the same wares many times in one day [K236.2]. Cf. Type 1447A*.,"Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 277). The Types 1447 and 1447A* are similar to each other and are often not clearly differentiated in the catalogs.",1447A*.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1447A*,Selling Wine to Each Other,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 187f.","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 18; Dutch: Aalders 1981, 183f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 65; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 94; Hungarian: MNK VII B; Slovene: Milinski 1917, 135; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1433*, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4316; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 142; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 85f.; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Saudi Arabian: Campbell 1949, 56; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 528.3; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Randolph 1955, 114f., Baughman 1966.","Two men (husband and wife) sell small quantities of schnapps (wine) to each other always for the same coin. Each time, the buyer drinks the glass of schnapps. In the end they have only the single coin as payment for the entire cask (and they believe they have been robbed).",The Types 1447 and 1447A* are similar to each other and are often not clearly differentiated in the catalogs.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1448*,Burned and Underbaked Bread,,"Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1448**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 199f.; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1448.","In order to rid herself of her old father-in-law, a woman gives him hard, burned bread to eat. Instead of starving, he grows healthier. Then she gives him soft, underbaked bread, and he soon dies.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About A Woman 1440-1524,NA,1449*,The Stingy Hostess at the Inn,EM 2 (1979) 821�823 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1449; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 134; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 321; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 114; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1449A; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 118.","A stingy woman (innkeeper, housewife, farmwife) says that her guests are welcome to eat whatever they want, but unfortunately she has no spoons to give them. A clever man brings his own spoon (the needed spoons) [J1561.4.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Couple 1430-1439,1430,The Man and his Wife Build Air Castles,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 171; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 100f. No. 60, 118f. No. 3, 218 No. 152, 153, V, 161ff. No. 85, 296 No. 85, VIII, 173 No. 196; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 511; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 520; BP III, 261�267, 275f.; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 163; Schwarzbaum 1968, 61f., 455; Tubach 1969, Nos. 80, 3286; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 143, 1216; EM 8 (1996) 1260�1265 (R. B. Bottigheimer); Hansen 2002, 138�142; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 33, 238.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 83, 84; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1430, 1681*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1681*; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 14, Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 68; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 105, Wehse 1979, No. 455; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J2061.1, Chevalier 1983, No. 148, Goldberg 1998, Nos. J2061.1, *J2061.3.1; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 359, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 380, 425, 428, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1430, 1681*, cf. No. 1430*B; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Haltrich 1956, No. 32, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 94, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, 403, 455, Tomkowiak 1993, 269f., cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, Nos. 164, 168; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1430, 1681*, Appari 1992, No. 40; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 118, MNK VII B, No. 1430, cf. No. 1430B*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 147; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 111; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 244�246, cf. No. 243; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 79; Macedonian: Eschker 1986, No. 74, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 603, 607, cf. No. 480; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 4040, 4041; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1430, 1681*, cf. Nos. *1430B, *1430C, *1430D; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1430, 1681*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1430, 1430*, 1430**; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 125, Jason 1965, Nos. 1430, 1681*, Jason 1988a, No. 1681*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Oman: Nowak 1969, No. 463, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1681*; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1430B�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Nos. 1430, 1681*; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1430, 1681*; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 630; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 143; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; North African, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1430, 1430B�, 1681*; Algerian: Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 II, No. 43, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 463, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1430B�; South African: Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.4.1430.","(Including the previous Type 1681*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A poor married couple (father and son, two brothers, herdsmen, maidservants, other people) plan to turn their possessions (glassware, milk, honey, eggs, money) into great wealth (herds of animals, houses). As they imagine this wealth, they destroy what they already have [J2060, J2060.1, J2061, J2061.1.1, J2061.2, J2061.1, J2061.1.2]. (2) A person (poor man, hunter, Gypsy, married couple) dreams of having a valuable possession (catch from hunting, etc.), which he then tries to obtain. His efforts fail because he imagines his success (e.g. the hunter is so excited that he frightens his prey). (3) A married couple (other people) imagine that they will obtain the means to achieve future wealth, but they disagree about how to manage it. One wants to keep reinvesting the future profits, while the other wants to enjoy part of the wealth.","Indian origin, see Hitopadea (IV,7) and Kalila and Dimna (No. 60, Arab version). Known in Europe since the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 51).","545D*, 1430A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Couple 1430-1439,1430A,Foolish Plans for the Unborn Child,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 178 No. 209; BP III, 261�267, 275f.; Legman 1968f. I, 488f.; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 85; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, Nos. 149�154; German: cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 34, II, Nos. 164, 168; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 125; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 343ff., Daskalova et al. 1985, Nos. 166, 167; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 477, 478; Greece: Megas 1970, No. 64: Russian: SUS; Jewish: Landmann 1960, 210; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 54; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 6; Spanish-American: TFSP 24 (1951) 6; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1215.","A married couple make plans for their future child. While they discuss what they want to do for this child, whom to invite to the birth, how the child should be raised, whether to let the child ride on a donkey, etc. , they get into a serious quarrel [J2060.1]. Cf. Types 1430, 1450.",NA,"1430, 1450."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Couple 1430-1439,1431,The Contagious Yawns,EM 5 (1987) 644f. (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 86; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 12; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 35; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XI, 407f.; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 84; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 203�205, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., Nos. 4, 56; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 238ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 76, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 497, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 292; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 84; Greek: Ranke 1972, No. 6, Megas/Puchner 1998.","A man notices that his wife and a farmhand yawn one after the other, and sees in this evidence of adultery. Planning to hang his supposedly-unfaithful wife, he takes a rope and goes with her into the forest. He runs from one tree to another, trying to find one suitable for his purpose. The wife follows him and says that he behaves just like a rabbit (squirrel, bird) jumping all around. She tells him that his behavior is just like people's yawns, which go from one person to another. This cures the husband of his suspicions, and the couple go back home together [J1448].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Couple 1430-1439,1435*,The Cuckoo Calls from Inside the Cask,"Wesselski 1909, No. 66; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 13; Tubach 1969, No. 3497; EM 8 (1996) 544.",German: Zincgref-Weidner III (1653) 303; Lyrum larum (1700) No. 233 (EM archive).,"A nobleman courts a farmer's daughter. When he comes to take her away, he cannot find her because she hides from him. After he has searched for her with no success, he hears a voice from inside a cask calling 'Cuckoo!' He finds her and takes her away [W136.1]. In older variants, an abbess hides a nun from a knight. The knight looks for her but soon gives up his search. She tells him where she is by calling 'Cuckoo!' After their tryst, the knight abandons the nun [V465.1.2.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Couple 1430-1439,1437,A Sweet Word,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 3; BP III, No. 170; EM 2 (1979) 282f.; EM: S��e Worte (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 87; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1696B*; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 19f. No. 27, Kristensen 1900, No. 174; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 520, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 33; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 36, Neumann 1968a, No. 143, Neumann 1968b, No. 247; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1696B*; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 246; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1696B*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1696B*; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1696B*; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1696B*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1696B*; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 64.","(Including the previous Type 1696B*.) A dying woman asks her husband (son) to say something sweet. He replies, 'Honey.' [J2497]. Or a man who has been told to discipline only with good words hits his wife on the head with a prayer book. In some variants (previously Type 1696B*), a simple man (husband) is told to speak only round, i.e. good, words (to speak about big and deep, i.e. wise, things). He names only round (big and deep) objects [J2461.1, J2489].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1405,The Lazy Spinning Woman,"BP III, 44f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 148; R�hrich 1962f. II, 496; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 2158; Bottigheimer 1987, 118f.; Tatar 1990, 172f.; EM: Spinnerin: Die faule S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 121, VI, Nos. 58, 63�66; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 280; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1405�1429; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 401, 403, 429, 430, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1405, cf. 1405*A�1405*C; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 484, 494, Ranke 1966, No. 50, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 128, Berger 2001, No. 1405A, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII A; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 III, 209ff., 498f., Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5154; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2158; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 173; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 50; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 3; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 326; Slovene: Kres 4 (1884) 87f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 82; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 39; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Azerbaijan: cf. Seidov 1977, 175ff.; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms, which appear alone or in combination: (1) A lazy wife lies to her husband, saying that she has spun many spindles of thread. But she always shows him the same spindle. (2) As an excuse for not spinning, a wife tells her husband that she has no reel. He goes to the forest to get wood to make one for her. Afraid that she may have to work, the wife follows him secretly and hides. She calls out, 'If anyone cuts wood for a reel, he (his wife) will die.' [K1971.4.1]. The man is frightened and goes back home without the wood. (3) A wife tells her husband that the thread she had spun has turned into hemp (has burned, was lost) through his negligence [J2325]: He should make sure that no birds fly over the house while she winds the thread. If they do, the thread will turn into shreds (be burned up). Or, when the thread is transported in a sack, the spindles disappear (the thread turns into shreds). Cf. Type 1370B*.",NA,"902*, 1405*."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1405*,Woman Will Never Work (previously Woman will keep All Days Holiday),,"Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 189; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, No. 78, Cardigos (forthcoming); Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5153; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS.","A lazy woman (who does not want to spin) complains to her husband that there is no day on which she can work: Monday is rest day, Tuesday is exempt from work, Wednesday is for sleeping, Thursday is for no effort, Friday is Good Friday, Saturday is for bathing, and Sunday is for church.",NA,1405.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1406,The Three Clever Wives Wager (previously The Merry Wives' Wager),"Clouston 1888, 163, 166; Stiefel 1903; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 4; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 298; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 866; B�dier 1925, 265�267, 458�468; Legman 1968f. II, 440f., 951; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1803, 4919; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 177�192; Pino Saavedra 1974; Schwarzbaum 1979, 60, 331, 454; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; Verfasserlexikon 2 (1980) 224f., 228f. (K.-H. Schirmer); Raas 1983; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 127, 503; EM: Wette der Frauen, wer den Mann am besten narrt (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 280, p. 472; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1409*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 35, Christensen 1941, No. 6; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, 388ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Montaiglon/Raynaud 1872ff. I, No. 15; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 104, Chevalier 1983, No. 137, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, Nos. 22�24; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: �liveira 1900f. II, No. 327, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 119, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 31; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 134ff., 357ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 1803; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 223; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 387, 484, 485; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3480; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1406, cf. No. *1406A*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 278f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 38; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 271; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 183ff.; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 358; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 370ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 359, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 47, El-Shamy 2004.","Three wives wager which of them can best fool her husband [J2301, K1545]. They play various tricks on their husbands, causing them to do foolish things. For example, one wife convinces her husband that he is sick [J2317], dead [J2311.0.1], a dog [J2013.2], a monk [J2314], (he retreats into a monastery), a minister (he preaches in a church), or that he should have a healthy tooth pulled [J2324]. Another wife goes away for a week and convinces her husband it was only for a short time [J2315], that while he was absent, his house went elsewhere [J2316], or that he is wearing clothes when he is not [J2312], etc. Cf. Types 1313, 1620.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. see the fabliaux Des trois dames qui trouverent l�anel (two versions).",1423.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1406A*,Women's Tricks Are Better than Men's,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 452; Hatami 1977, No. 16.","Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 228; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 364; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1406A.","A man claims to understand all women's tricks. A clever woman decides to prove he is wrong. (He makes disparaging remarks about women in the hearing of a clever girl, who seeks revenge.) She makes the arrogant man fall in love with her and tells him she is the daughter of the king. When the man asks the king for the hand of his daughter, the king insists that his daughter is ugly and sick, but the man woos her anyway, marries her, and then discovers that he has been tricked into marrying the wrong woman. On the condition that he keeps her secret, the clever woman helps him out of this difficulty: he should tell the king that he is a Gypsy. The king annuls the marriage with his daughter, and the man marries the clever woman.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1407,The Miser,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 184f. No. 107; El-Shamy 1999, No. 19.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 67; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 281; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 321, Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 5; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 240; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 367 V; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A woman appears to eat nothing, but she does not lose weight. This appeals to a miserly man who decides to marry her. After some time he grows doubtful and spies on his wife. Instead of going to work, he hides in a cask (chimney). His mother-in-law arrives, sees where he is hiding, and tells her daughter she should pour hot water in the cask (light the hearth). When the husband recovers from this injury, he is still distrustful and hides in bed to spy on his wife. His mother-in-law and his wife again know where he is and beat him [W153.2.1]. Cf. Types 1373A, 1458.",NA,1373A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1407A,'Everything!' A miserly man marries a woman who pretends to eat nothing,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 47; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 81; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 497.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 67; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 270; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1409; Irish: � Cr�in�n/� Cr�in�n 1971, No. 39; French: RTP 2 (1887) 417ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 240f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 431; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 16; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ranke 1972, No. 103, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 228, MNK VII A; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5034; Czech: Tille 1929f. II 2, 425f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 367, 368 III 7, 370 (3�4); Ukrainian: Sonnenrose 1970, 126f.; Armenian: cf. Tch�raz 1912, No. 11.","When her husband is away, she eats three chickens (two ducks, a huge meal). When he returns the husband learns how much she ate and becomes sick from anger. On his death bed, he can say only, 'My wife, all three (two, everything) ...' The wife (other relatives) hears only 'three' ('two', 'everything') and thinks that he is bequeathing her three things (properties, everything he owns) [cf. J1521.2, K1155]. In Swedish variants a miserly man (woman) becomes sick and sees that the maidservant takes too much to eat. The sick person wants to say that she had taken away everything from him, but can only produce the word, 'Everything,' and this is understood to be his final will.",NA,1458.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1407A*,Dream and Reality,,"Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 76, cf. No. 322; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 46; German: cf. Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 134, cf. Neumann 1968b, No. 91; Jewish: Landmann 1997, 94f.; US-American: Baker 1986, No. 116; African American: Dance 1978, Nos. 24A, 24B.","A man dreams that he is in a cave where he has sex with a naked woman. Afterwards, he comes to a place between two mole hills and attempts to relieve himself. His wife wakes him up and berates him, 'It is all right for you to have sex with me, but I will not let you shit between my breasts!' Cf. Type 1645B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1407B,The Great Eater,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 84; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 249; Schwarzbaum 1989a, 21; Marzolph 1992 I, 64f.","Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 177f.","A man who is invited to dinner eats an enormous amount of food. He apologizes for having eaten so little, saying he does not feel well today and that next time he will do better [J1468].","Early treatments see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (nos. 57, 73).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1408,The Man who Does his Wife's Work,"Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 20; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 436; BP I, 321; Anderson 1927ff. III, No. 59; EM 6 (1990) 599�604 (F. Wedler).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 68, 69; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 260, 263(4); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1408, 1408A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1388, 1408; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 319, Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 10, 337� 339, II, No. 50, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 141, 142, Christensen 1939, No. 70; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 209f., 269f., 270f.; French: Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 36; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 659, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1963a, No. 66, Moser-Rath 1984, 11, 119, 289, Uther 1990a, No. 4, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74n, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 850; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 129; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 94 No. 73; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 427ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 79, 327; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 240, 241; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 51; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3000, 3683; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, Nos. 39, 40, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 81; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 20; US-American: Baughman 1966; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Type 1408A.) This type is usually a framework into which other anecdotes of stupid people are set. Its basic form is as follows: Following a quarrel in which the husband complains that he works hard while his wife stays comfortably at home, a married couple agree to exchange work. Or, the husband (son) is unable to work outside. His wife (mother) must do the outdoor work for him, while he does the housework. Often, the wife gives her husband instructions about what work he should do. He does not pay attention and wastes half the day resting. The man tries to do several chores at once, and does everything wrong so that he suffers a series of accidents, e.g. he leans over the well while he is carrying the butterchurn on his back, so that the cream falls into the water (previously Type 1408A), he lets wine or beer run out of the cask and throws flour on top of it to dry the floor [J2176.1] (cf. Type 1387), he lets the cow graze on the roof [J2132.2] (cf. Type 1210), bathes the baby in boiling water [J2465.4] (cf. Type 1013), or demands that the pots walk home by themselves [J1881.1.3] (cf. Type 1291A), etc. When the wife returns home, she finds that her husband has made a mess and that everything is in chaos. The man admits that he had undervalued his wife's work, and they agree that both of them should go back to their accustomed duties [J2431]. Or, the couple do not become reconciled: the wife beats her husband and drives him away.","Early version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,4).","1210, 1387, 1643, 1653, 1685, 1696, and also 1218, 1313, 1384, and 1642."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1408B,Fault-finding Husband Nonplussed,"Wesselski 1931, 175f.","Swedish: Bondeson 1882, No. 87; Norwegian: Olsen 1912, 172f.; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. II, No. 10, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 17�21, cf. Nos. 175, 176, Holbek 1990, No. 39; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 181f.; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1545.3, Chevalier 1983, No. 138, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 396, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wisser 1922f. II, 98ff., Moser-Rath 1984, 119, 290f., Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1408B*, Simonides 1979, No. 42; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1408B, Marzolph 1994, No. 34; Chilean: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1409; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 56, El-Shamy 2004.","A husband is hypercritical and nothing his wife does pleases him. In order to give him no grounds for complaint, the wife cooks several dishes for dinner. Each time he objects to what she serves him, she is able to produce a substitute dish. When he grows more and more unhappy, she asks him what he could like to eat. He says,'I want to eat ' shit!' Shortly before, their child had relieved himself on a tablecloth, so she readily gives her husband what he asked for [J1545.3]. Cf. Type 1739A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1408C,The String of Chickens (Including the previous Type 1876,"cf. Wesselski 1911 II, No. 522; BP III, 337f.; Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 14; Wesselski 1929c; Wesselski 1931, 94; HDM 2 (1934�40) 655�658 (H. Honti); Schwarzbaum 1979, No. 7; EM 5 (1987) 683�686 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 161, 201; Estonian: Aarne 1918; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 80, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 185; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, 299f., Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Jech 1959, No. 102; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 131ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 38; Bosnian: Krauss 1914 I, No. 100; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.",") A foolish husband is supposed to take care of the animals and the house while his wife is away. A hawk steals one of the chickens, so the wife beats her husband when she returns. When she goes away again, the husband vows to do better. He ties the chickens (and the chicks) all together with a string to protect them from predators. This enables the hawk to steal the whole flock at once.","Early version in the early 16th century by Laurentius Abstemius, Hecatomythium secundum (1505).","1218, 1313, and also 78A, 1408, 1681B, 1875, and 1881."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1409,The Obedient Husband,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1 No. 373; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 91; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 84; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 728; EM 3 (1981) 1093�1094 (A. Willenbrock).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1409A; German: Roth 1977, No. D22; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 370; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1409B, 1409C.","(Including the previous Types 1409A'1409C.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales (three subtypes) dealing with a husband who follows his wife's instructions literally and without thinking. Examples: (1) A husband is so compliant that he hangs his wife, although she had only been trying to test his willingness to obey her commands [J2523.1]. (Previously Type 1409A.) (2) A wife (who insists on cleanliness) tells her husband (who has tracked dirt into the house) that he should go away for a while. The husband takes this command literally and goes away for many days. (Previously Type 1409B.) Or, after some time, he sends his friend to ask his wife if he has been gone long enough yet [J2523]. (3) A husband moves slowly at the request of his wife. Therefore he comes home only at dawn, after her lover is sure to have left [J2523.2]. (Previously Type 1409C.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1409*,The Woman Cooks the Dog for Dinner,,"Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 356; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 195; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3410; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1409*, cf. No. *1409**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","A wife serves her husband cooked dog instead of a pig, because she ate the pig by herself. After the unsuspecting husband has finished eating, he looks for the dog as usual to give it the bones. His wife scoffs at him (tells him a wolf ate the dog).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1410,Four Men's Mistress,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 245; Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 10; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 56; Wesselski 1909, No. 93; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 793, cf. No. 794; Tubach 1969, No. 5271; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1616f. (A. Slenczka).","English: Wehse 1979, No. 231; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 139; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, No. 28, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 52; German: cf. Roth 1977, No. D19, Moser-Rath 1984, 74, 289, 291; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 36; Russian: SUS.","A jealous husband accuses his wife of adultery and, in order to confirm his suspicions, disguises himself as a priest to hear her confession. Recognizing him, she confesses that she has slept with a servant, a knight, a fool, and a man of God. When her angry husband identifies himself to her, she explains that all of these were himself: at first he served her, then he went to war, then his jealousy turned him into a fool, and now as a priest he has heard her confession [J1545.2].","Early versions in the Middle Ages, e.g. Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 277), the fabliau Du chevalier qui fit sa femme confesse, Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,5) and in Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 78).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1415,Lucky Hans,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 501; BP II, 199�203; HDM 1 (1930�33) 187, 131; Schwarzbaum 1968, 177, 405, 483; L�thi 1969a, 101�116; Bausinger 1983; Tatar 1990, 146f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 139�142; Uther 1990b; EM 6 (1990) 487�494 (H.-J. Uther); EM 7 (1993) 1196. Literature/Variants: K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 13; Wesselski 1909, No. 94; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 398; BP III, 543f. not. 1; Tubach 1969, No. 3427; Schwarz 1973; EM 4 (1984) 563�569 (P. Schwarz); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1182.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 70; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 282; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 32, Andersen/Perlet 1996 II, No. 52; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 310ff., A II, 548; French: Cosquin 1886f. I, No. 13, Delarue 1956, No. 3 (7); Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 190; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 134, Uther 1990a, No. 36, Tomkowiak 1993, 269, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 83, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 22, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, No. 1; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1965, No. 218, Geramb/Haiding 1980, No. 25; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 246 No. 2; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 56; Slovene: Mir 4 (1885) 166, 174, 182; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 107, Eschker 1986, No. 67; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3008A; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 41; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Anlage C 9; Jewish: Jason 1989, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 65; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 270; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 336; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1415A; Burmese: Esche 1976, 179ff., 182ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 183, Coster-Wijsman 1929, No. 84; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981. Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 71; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 374; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 141 No. 15; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 24, 40, 279, 292; French: Orain 1904, 65ff., Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 11a, Soupault 1963, 276ff., Joisten 1965, No. 24; Spanish: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 60, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 9, Goldberg 1998, No. H1554.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. C324, H1554.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 42; German: Hen�en 1963, No. 77, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 14, cf. Roth 1977, No. D3, Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 290, 368f., 410, Tomkowiak 1993, 269, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3427; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 33; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 263; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 407; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5019; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 62; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: cf. Nedo 1956, No. 78; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 67; US-American, Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 56.","Hans works for seven years and receives a lump of gold as big as a man's head as his pay and goes home. Because he finds it too heavy to carry, he trades the gold for a horse, which throws him because he does not know how to ride. He trades the horse for a cow, the cow for a hog, the hog for a goose, the goose for a whetstone, which through his awkwardness falls into a well [J2081.1]. Unencumbered but happy, he arrives home. Cf. Type 2034C.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Marie de France, Esope (No. 28), Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 13).","1335, 1387, 1539, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1416,The Mouse in the Silver Jug,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 13; Wesselski 1909, No. 94; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 398; BP III, 543f. not. 1; Tubach 1969, No. 3427; Schwarz 1973; EM 4 (1984) 563�569 (P. Schwarz); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1182.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 71; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 374; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 141 No. 15; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 24, 40, 279, 292; French: Orain 1904, 65ff., Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 11a, Soupault 1963, 276ff., Joisten 1965, No. 24; Spanish: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 60, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 9, Goldberg 1998, No. H1554.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. C324, H1554.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 42; German: Hen�en 1963, No. 77, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 14, cf. Roth 1977, No. D3, Moser-Rath 1984, 288, 290, 368f., 410, Tomkowiak 1993, 269, Hubrich-Messow 2004; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3427; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 33; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 263; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 407; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5019; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 62; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: cf. Nedo 1956, No. 78; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 67; US-American, Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 56.",A poor married couple bemoans life's harshness and blame Adam and Eve who through their disobedience and curiosity brought sin into the world. The king (rich man) hears their complaint and invites the poor couple to his house to live in luxury. He stipulates only that they must not open any covered vessel [C324]. They cannot resist the temptation and remove the cover from a dish. A mouse jumps out [H1554.1] (a bird flies out). The king reproves the disobedient couple and sends them back to their old way of life.,"Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Marie de France, Esope (No. 28), Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 13).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1417,The Cut-off Nose (Hair),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, Nos. 164, 165; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 66, VI, 100 No. 267; Penzer 1924ff. V, 47 not. 3, 223f., VI, 271; B�dier 1925, 164�199; Legman 1968f. II, 569; Tubach 1969, No. 2028; Hatami 1977, No. 40; Moor 1986; Verfasserlexikon 7 (1989) 547�549 (R. M. Kully); EM 9 (1999) 1225�1230 (S. Neumann); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 451.","English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 355f.; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K1512, Chevalier 1983, No. 140, Goldberg 1998, No. J2315.2, K1512; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 495, Moser-Rath 1984, No. 128; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 81; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 400; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 60; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 79; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A wife sends another woman to bed with her husband. The husband speaks to her and receives no answer, so he cuts off her nose (hair, braid). In the morning his wife still has her nose, and the husband believes that it grew back through a miracle (that he only dreamed he mutilated her) [K1512, J2315.2]. Cf. Type 838.","Indian origin, e.g. Pa�catantra (I,4) and ukasaptati (No. 27). Early European literary versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VIII,8) and Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 38, cf. No. 35).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1418,The Equivocal Oath,"Meyer 1914; Basset 1924ff. II, 3 No. 1; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 206; Legman 1968f. II, 574�576; Hattenhauer 1976, 77�83; Hatami 1977, Nos. 9, 17; EM 1 (1977) 753; EM 2 (1979) 543�549 (C. Riessner/K. Ranke); Schwarzbaum 1989a, 277; EM 7 (1993) 325�327 (H.-J. Uther).","Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K1513, Chevalier 1983, No. 141; French: Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. K1513; German: Roth 1977, No. D8; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 185f., cf. ajkanovi 1929, No. 135; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, No. 4; Iraqi, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: L�ders 1921, No. 26, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. I, No. 116; Spanish-American: Robe 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 76; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 31; Somalian: Reinisch 1900 I, No. 43.","(Isolde's Ordeal.) A (guilty) woman whose husband accuses her of adultery clears herself under oath and by ordeal (wearing a red-hot iron without being hurt) by means of a trick: She summons her lover, who appears disguised as a pilgrim (donkey driver) and carries her from the boat dock to the lawcourt. She makes sure that the two of them fall to the ground (she falls off the donkey) and her lover lands on top of her (sees under her skirt). At the trial, she swears honestly that no one except her husband and the pilgrim (driver) has ever lain on top of her (has ever seen her naked). Because what she swore under oath was true, she is not burned by the red-hot iron used for the ordeal [K1513].","Famous for its connection with Virgil�s legendary biography and for its depiction in the Roman Bocca della verit�, as well as its place in the romance of Tristan and Isolde which has been popular since the High Middle Ages.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1418*,The Confession (previously The Father Overhears),,"Danish: Stroebe 1915 I, No. 28; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 239, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 14; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 130; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 117; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 208; US-American: Randolph 1976, 61; West African: cf. Bascom 1975, 147.","A young bride (wife) confesses to her bridegroom (husband) that she has had sexual relations with another man (has an illegitimate child, after her bridegroom had confessed to her that he too has an illegitimate child). The bridegroom complains to his prospective father-in-law (and leaves her). The two men send the mother to the bride to speak to her about the matter, and hide so that they can listen to the conversation. The bride confesses to her mother about her sexual experience (illegitimate child). Her mother tells her that she also had lovers before she was married (had three illegitimate children), but never told her husband about them. (Her husband, overhearing, decides to follow his son-in-law and leave his wife.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419,The Returning Husband Hoodwinked,"Schofield 1893; Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 143; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 170; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 394, 398, 427, 447.","Icelandic: cf. Boberg 1966, No. K1521.2; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 106, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 192, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 104, 106; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1419; German: Roth 1977, Nos. D4, D5, D7, D11, Grubm�ller 1996, 544ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1419D*, Kov�cs 1988, 104; Serbian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 264; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1419M*; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 208; Russian: SUS, No. 1419K*; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1419*M; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 208; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 20; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1419, 1419K*; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, cf. Schimmel 1980, No. 9; Indian: Thompson/Roberts; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Schleberger 1985, No. 31; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1419, 1419B*; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1419E, Baker 1986, No. 126; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 179, 180; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1419, 1419K*; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 122ff.","(Including the previous Type 1419K*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a husband who returns home to an adulterous wife, who further deceives him. Examples: (1) While her husband is absent a wife commits adultery with a servant (scribe, farmhand, cook, fisherman). The two are surprised by the husband's sudden return. The wife tells her lover not to worry and to wait in the garden, and goes quickly to her husband. He suspects something is amiss and asks where the servant is. She suggests he should wear women's clothes and go and look for him. The husband does so and finds the servant in the garden. The servant slaps him and tells him that a woman should not cheat on her husband. The husband is reassured and rewards the servant for his good morals [K1510]. (2) When her husband comes home suddenly, a wife quickly hides her lover in a chest [K1521.2] (featherbed, cupboard, suitcase). A betraying part of his body (clothing) hangs out, and she manages to warn him indirectly to pull it in. Later he escapes. (Previously 1419K*.) Cf. Types 1419A'H, and 1419J*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419A,The Husband in the Chicken House,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 246; B�dier 1925, 450; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 198; EM 9 (1999) 179�181 (C. Hugh).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 279; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1514.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1514.1; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 126; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3474; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978.",A husband returns home unexpectedly to find his wife with her lover. The wife tells her husband someone is following him and convinces him to hide in the chicken coop (dovecot). She locks him in and spends the rest of the night with her lover. Her husband is grateful that she saved him from the supposed pursuer [K1514.1].,"Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 88). For other early literary versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,7) and Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 10).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419B,The Animal in the Chest,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 197 No. 27, VI, 175 No. 333, 176 No. 334, VII, 171 No. 446, VIII, 177 No. 206; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 363; Bolte 1916; Basset 1924ff. II, 153 No. 69; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 145�160; EM 2 (1979) 565�568 (K. Roth); EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Moor 1986; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 453.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 474, No. 18; English: Roth 1977, No. E7, Wehse 1979, No. 298; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Gier 1985, No. 5; Dutch: Hogenelst 1997 II, No. 227; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 45, Roth 1977, No. D6, Moser-Rath 1984, 127, 288, 397f., 452; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 71ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Syrian: Oestrup 1897, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: Artin Pacha 1895, No. 1, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 98f.","A husband notices that his wife is having an affair. When the lover arrives, the husband catches him and traps him in a chest (cupboard, room). The husband takes the key and brings his wife's relatives (friends) to show them the evidence. Meanwhile the wife frees her lover and substitutes a ram (donkey, dog, goat). When the husband comes back and opens the chest, the animal jumps out. (He believes that his wife has transformed her lover.) Ashamed, he asks his wife and the relatives to pardon him [K1515].","Early literary documention in the Indian ukasaptati; documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 61) and the fabliau, Les Tresses.","1364, 1381A, and 1419H."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419C,The One-Eyed Husband (previously The Husband's One Good Eye Covered [Treated]),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 242; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 20 No. 8; S�derhjelm 1912; B�dier 1925, 119, 466; Wesselski 1925, No. 2; HDM 1 (1930�33) 94; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, Nos. 195, 196; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1943, 4319; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 129�136; Ranelagh 1979, 177; EM 3 (1981) 1082�1084 (H.-J. Uther); Uther 1981, 85�88; Hansen 2002, 225�227; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 466.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 250; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 49, Chevalier 1983, No. 142, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 104f., Goldberg 1998, Nos. K1516, K1516.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1516.1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 354, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Roth 1977, Nos. D9, D10, Moser-Rath 1984, 126, 290; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 113ff., 486f.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 63; Egyptian: Artin Pacha 1895, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 100.","A husband comes home unexpectedly, and his wife quickly hides her lover in a cupboard (under a bed, etc.). (1) (Linteus [the cloth] form). The wife and her mother spread out a sheet (blanket, sack, trough) that obstructs the husband's line of vision for a moment, so that the lover can escape [K1516]. (2) (Oculus [the eye] form). The husband has only one good eye, which the wife covers on some pretext (kiss, effort to treat either it or the other eye). Often she claims to have dreamed that his blind eye was cured [K1516.1]. Cf. Type 1423.","Oriental origin. Rich documentation in medieval European sources, e.g. Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (nos. 9, 10), Gesta Romanorum (No. 122, cf. Nos. 112, 113), Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 509), and Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 16).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419D,The Lovers as Pursuer and Fugitive,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 143 No. 65, VIII, 38f. No. 7, IX, 21 No. 8; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 351; Basset 1924ff. II, 143 No. 65; B�dier 1925, 229�236; HDM 1 (1930�33) 99; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 192; Hatami 1977, No. 13; Ranelagh 1979, 177, 198; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 187.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K1517.1, Childers 1977, No. K1517.1, Chevalier 1983, No. 143; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 12; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 52ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: cf. Fuchs 1961, 112ff.","A woman has two (more) lovers. When her husband comes home suddenly, she has one of them go outside with his sword drawn, and the other she hides in the house (she stages a struggle). The wife convinces her husband that she gave refuge to a persecuted fugitive. (The husband acts as a mediator.) [K1517.1, cf. K1517'K1517.12].","Indian origin, see ukasaptati (No. 26). Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (nos. 11, 12), Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,6) and Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 267).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419E,Underground Passage to Lover's House,"Clouston 1887 II, 212�228; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 212ff. No. 121, VIII, 94f. No. 67; Fischer/Bolte 1895, 218�222; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 393; BP I, 46; Wesselski 1925, No. 2; Tubach 1969, No. 5287; EM 2 (1979) 1202f.; Raas 1983, 58�63; Fehling 1986; EM 7 (1993) 109�113 (U. K�hne); Hansen 2002, 453�460; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 260, 293.","Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. K1344, K1523; German: cf. Wiepert 1964, No. 25, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 3; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *860B; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1419E, cf. No. 1419E*; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1419E, cf. No. 1419E*; Albanian: Archiv f�r Litteraturgeschichte 12 (1884) 134�137 No. 12; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 29, Dawkins 1953, No. 60, Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 100; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 267; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 124, Jason 1965, 1975, No. 1419E, cf. No. 1419E*; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 183ff.; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 15; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 1419E*; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 31; Syrian, Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1419E, cf. No. 1419E*; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 27; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 26; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K1523; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 I, No. 10, cf. II, No. 63.3, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 179.","(Inclusa.) (Including the previous Type 1419E*.) A knight and a lady dream of each other and fall in love [T11.3]. He finds her in a tower behind ten locked doors. Her husband always keeps the key with him. The knight joins his service and, having earned his respect, is permitted to build a house next to the tower. The knight has a tunnel constructed between his house and the tower, and to ensure secrecy, he kills the architect. He is able easily to visit his lover, who gives him her ring. When the husband sees that the knight has this ring, he becomes suspicious. He goes quickly to his wife, who, because of the tunnel, now has the ring herself. Later the knight introduces the wife to her husband as his (i.e. the knight's) wife. The husband again is suspicious, but, because of the tunnel, finds his wife back where she belongs. In the end the husband is so confused that he cannot recognize himself any more (previously Type 1419E*). He is tricked into marrying his wife off to the knight, without recognizing who she is. The couple escapes safely away on a ship [K1344, K1523].","Oriental origin (Seven Wise Men). Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 1).","1364, 1406, and 1423."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419F,Husband Frightened by Wife's Lover in Hog Pen,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 92; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","English: cf. Roth 1977, No. E22, Wehse 1979, No. 330; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 193; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 184, MNK VII A; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3674; Russian: SUS; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 52.","When a wife and her lover are surprised by her husband's sudden return, she quickly puts her lover into the hog pen. When the husband hears suspicious noises, he calls out, 'Who are you' The lover grunts, 'I am only a poor hog'. The husband thinks his hog is possessed by the devil (and runs away) [K1542]. Cf. Type 1341A*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419G,The Clergyman's Breeches,"Legman 1968f. I, 712; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","English: Roth 1977, Nos. E9, E10, Wehse 1979, Nos. 291�293; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1419K; German: Roth 1977, Nos. D31, D32, D35, cf. No. D34; Austrian: Kunz 1995, 169; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: G�czi 1989, No. 151; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff.; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Australian: Edwards 1980, 91, 91f.","A man unexpectedly comes home in order to get some warmer trousers. His wife gives him her lover's trousers by mistake. This lover is a clergyman (shepherd, major, neighbor, butcher). Later she explains to her husband that she belongs to a religious order for which she has to wear such trousers. Cf. Type 1419.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der kauffman mit der pruech (1551).",1419J*.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419H,Woman Warns Lover of Husband by Singing Song,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 32; Legman 1968f. I, 799ff.; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 72�74; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 196; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 74f., Roth 1977, No. E12; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 193, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 49; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 365, Cardigos (forthcoming); French: Hoffmann 1973; German: Dietz 1951, No. 46, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 119f., Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 102, Roth 1977, Nos. D11, D12, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3481, 3486; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 281f., Megas/Puchner 1998; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004.","A wife has a lover who visits her regularly when her husband is away. One time her husband stays home unexpectedly. When the lover knocks on the door, the wife sings a lullaby in despair in which she warns him and tells him to go away. Or, when there is a knock on the door at night, the wife tells her husband it must be a ghost, and they both say prayers. The lover understands the warning and goes away [K1546, K1546.1].","Early literary versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,1) and Poggio, Liber facetiarum (nos. 231, 232).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1419J*,Husband Sent for Water,EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).,"English: Roth 1977, Nos. E9�E11, E37; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3478, 3691; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS, No. 1419F*.","A husband comes home unexpectedly when his wife is with her lover. The lover hides and the wife pretends to be ill. She asks her husband to get her some water (medicine, gin, an apple, etc.) which, she says, is the only thing that will cure her. After the husband goes out to get the water, the lover secretly escapes.",NA,1419G.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1420,The Lover's Gift Regained [K1581],"Spargo 1930; Schwarzbaum 1968, 32f.; Nicholson 1980; Verfasserlexikon 4 (1983) 1263f. (R. W. Brednich); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1166; EM 10 (2002) 842�849 (P. Nicholson).","English: Wehse 1979, No. 123; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 851; German: cf. Lustiger Historienschreiber (1729) No. 15, Vademecum I (1786) No. 35 (EM archive); Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 15.","This miscellaneous type includes various tales dealing with a lover who gives a gift to his mistress and takes it back by means of a trick. Cf. Types 1420A'D, 1731.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1420A,The Broken (Removed) Article,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 176; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 212ff. No. 121; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 76; Stiefel 1898a, 172; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 102; Spargo 1930; Schwarzbaum 1968, 32f.; Nicholson 1980; Verfasserlexikon 4 (1983) 1263f. (R. W. Brednich); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1166; EM 10 (2002) 842�849 (P. Nicholson).","English: Roth 1977, No. E13; Spanish: Soons 1976, No. 12, Chevalier 1983, No. 144; German: Roth 1977, Nos. D14, D15, Moser-Rath 1984, 127, 289, 318 not. 31; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1912, No. 301; Iranian: Marzolph 1983b, No. 87; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Stumme 1893, No. 11.","(Including the previous Types 1420E and 1420F.) A man seduces a woman by means of a gift (jewelry, ring, coat, dress, silk, fur, fish, etc.). When he leaves, he (intentionally) breaks a glass (jug). When the husband returns, the visitor tells him that the wife has taken the object as compensation for the damage. The husband gives the gift back to the visitor [K1581.1].","Possibly of Indian origin, see ukasaptati (No. 44). Documented in medieval Arabian sources, e.g. in Nuzhat al-anfus and ar-Raud al-tir. Early European literary version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VIII,2).",1420G.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1420B,Horse and Wagon as Gift,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, 40ff.; Spargo 1930; EM 10 (2002) 842�849 (P. Nicholson).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 75, 401; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. *2913; Danish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 18; Dutch: Duyse 1903ff. I, No. 39; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Duyse 1903ff. I, No. 39, Volkskunde 40 (1935/36) 10ff.; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1357; German: Roth 1977, No. D13.","A farmer, bringing a load of wood to a nobleman, gives his horse and wagon to the nobleman's wife in return for sexual favors. He tells her husband that she kept the horse and wagon because she found a bad piece of wood in the load. The husband lets him keep the horse and wagon [K1581.2] .",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1420C,Borrowing from the Husband and Returning to the Wife,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 49; Spargo 1930; Nicholson 1980; EM 10 (2002) 842�849 (P. Nicholson).","German: cf. Lyrum larum (1700) No. 126 (EM archive); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1979, 14f.; Jewish: Landmann 1960, 397f.",A lover borrows money from a husband and uses it to seduce the man's wife. Later he tells the husband that he repaid the debt while the husband was away. He shows him evidence or tells him where to find the money. The wife has to give the money back to her husband [K1581.3].,"Early European literary version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VIII,1).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1420D,Accidental Discovery of Identity,"Spargo 1930; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 114; EM 10 (2002) 842�849 (P. Nicholson).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 18; French: EM 3 (1981) 785; German: cf. Schau-Platz der Betrieger (1687) No. 156 (EM archive); Bulgarian: BFP; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1420D.","A man gives a woman money in order to seduce her. Later, he accidentally tells her husband about this. The husband forces his wife to restore the money [K1581.4].",Early medieval variant see Masuccio Salernitano (No. 45).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1420G,Buying the Goose (previously Anser Venalis),Spargo 1930; EM 1 (1977) 576f. (E. Moser-Rath); EM 10 (2002) 846f.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 76, 396; German: cf. Roth 1977, No. D15, Moser-Rath 1984, 289, 319, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 21; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: Afanas�ev 1883, No. 29; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1912, Nos. 303, 304.","A farmer selling a goose refuses to take money for it; instead, he wants to sleep with the woman who is buying it. The woman agrees and they sleep together. He refuses to give her the goose because, he says, she had more pleasure than he did for she had taken the upper position. After a second copulation in a different position, he claims that now they are even. While they are fighting about this, the woman's husband comes and is told that they were quarreling about the price of the goose. He settles the fight by paying for the goose, and is thus doubly swindled.","Early literary treatment, see the tale Der Sperber (early 13th century) and Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 69).",1420A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1422,Parrot Reports Wife's Adultery (previously Parrot Unable to Tell Husband Details of Wife's Infidelity),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 91, VI, 139 No. 294, VIII, 35f. No. 3, 114 No. 96; Legman 1968f. I, 204; Tubach 1969, No. 3147; Hatami 1977, No. 1; Ranelagh 1979, 225f.; EM 3 (1981) 1065�1068 (R. Wehse); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 11, 183, 371.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 228f.; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1984, Nos. 32, 33, Goldberg 1998, No. J1154.1; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 108a; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 237B*; German: cf. Der lustige Philosophus (1734) 424ff., Deutscher Volks-Kalender (1839) 16ff. (EM archive), Roth 1977, No. D20, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3147; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 53; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 218, 1017, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 243, 1422; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. II, No. 173, Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: cf. Baker 1986, No. 105; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Type 243.) A parrot (another bird) tells a man that his wife is an adulteress. When the husband has to go on a journey, he orders the parrot to give him a report on his wife's behavior when he returns. The wife and her maidservant plan a trick: in the night they pour water through a hole in the roof onto the parrot, throw things at him, blind him with mirrors, and make noise like thunder. When the husband returns, the weather has been fine, but the parrot complains about the thunderstorm. Hearing what he believes to be a falsehood, the angry husband disbelieves everything the parrot says, and kills him [J1154.1]. In some variants the husband goes up on the roof and discovers evidence of the deceit. He forgives his wife, kills her, or falls into despair. Cf. Type 243A.","Oriental origin (Sindbd-Nme, Tt-Nme).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1423,The Enchanted Pear Tree,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 175 No. 332, VIII, 98 No. 69, IX, 39 No. 34; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 45; Wesselski 1909, No. 103; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 68; B�dier 1925, 468; Wesselski 1925, No. 23; Wesselski 1936, 88f.; Bryan/Dempster 1941, 341�356; Legman 1968f. I, 715f.; Wailes 1968; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2708, 3265; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 193�198; Spies 1973b, 177�199; EM 2 (1979) 417�421 (J. T. Bratcher); Abraham 1980; Uther 1981, 83f., 137; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1185; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1269�1271 (G. Dicke); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 295, 388.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 77, 78; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 198, �sop/Holbek, No. 194; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 20f., 22f., cf. Roth 1977, Nos. E16, E49; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 198, Chevalier 1983, No. 145; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1518; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 271, Parafita 2001f. II, No. 4, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1423, **1425; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wesselski 1908, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 117f., cf. Roth 1977, Nos. D3, D21, D34, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3265; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 267; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 78, Eschker 1986, No. 17; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3475; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 271 (4); Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 183ff., Dalila et al. 1989, No. 211; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 358; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1425; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 33; East African: Velten 1898, 205ff.","With her husband nearby, a wife climbs up a tree ostensibly to pick fruit but really to meet her lover. The rest of the anecdote follows one of two patterns: (1) Although the husband sees his wife together with her lover, she convinces him that this was an optical illusion caused by the magic power of the tree (window, other objects). (2) The husband is old and blind and therefore very suspicious and jealous. In his delusion of love he embraces the trunk of the tree in order to protect his wife's virtue from the eyes of passers-by. At the critical moment, God (Jesus, Jupiter, St. Peter) restores his eyesight. He cries out in surprise, and his wife realizes what has happened. She assuages his anger by pointing out that her arborial adultery provided the means of restoring his eyesight [K1518].","Rich oriental documentation. Documented in Europe in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 251) and Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 35). For another early literary version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,9).",1406.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1424,Friar Adds Missing Nose (fingers) to unborn child,"Cf. Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 31; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 79; EM 1 (1977) 489; EM 9 (1999) 1230�1232 (B. Steinbauer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 79, 376, 396; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 354; Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1726*; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 6; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 29; English: Roth 1977, No. E19; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 146, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, No. 21; Portuguese: Martha/Pinto 1912, 205ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 86; German: Heckscher/Simon 1982ff. II,1, 262f, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 47; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) No. 423; Croatian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) No. 426; Macedonian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) No. 425, Pilikova 1992, No. 47; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 163ff., Orso 1979, No. 142, Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1912, No. 319; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1424, 1726*, Jason 1976, No. 62; Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1424, 1726*; US-American: Baughman 1966; Panamanian: Robe 1973, No. 1726*; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1726*.","(Including the previous Type 1726*.) A clergyman (neighbor, friend) seduces a pregnant woman by telling her that her fetus has not been constructed properly by her husband. He offers to add the missing parts (nose, ears, head, limbs) for her [K1363.2]. In some variants, the tale continues: When the husband returns home, he thanks the clergyman for his help. Or, the husband takes revenge by inviting the clergyman and his daughter to dinner. He steals the daughter's ring and convinces that it has gone inside her body. He offers to retrieve it by having sex with her, and she agrees [K1315.2.2].","Early literary treatment, see Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 223) and Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 9).","1541, 1563."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1424*,Wife Recovers What her Husband First Found and then Lost,EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 80; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; France: Hoffmann 1973, Nos. 1424**, 1424***; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 362 V; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man finds money which he gives to a beggar. (His wife spends the money. When her husband returns home, he falls into despair and wants to divorce her because of her stupidity.) His wife takes her son and follows the beggar in order to get the money back. She spends the night with the beggar, pretending to be a widow and that she and her child have vulgar names. During the night she takes the money and goes home. The beggar follows her, calling the vulgar names, which makes the passers-by think he is insane.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1425,Putting the Devil into Hell,EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 719�721 (H. J. Ziegeler).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 81; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 424, 540, Cardigos (forthcoming); France: Perbosc/Bru 1987, 94ff., cf. 89f., Hoffmann 1973; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Neumann 1968b, 126; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Croatian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905), No. 434; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 269, Anlage C16; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Randolph 1976, No. 76, Baker 1986, Nos. 277, 278; African American: Dance 1978, No. 92; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 59; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","An innocent young woman asks how she should serve God, and is told that she should avoid earthly pleasures. She goes into the wilderness where she finds a hermit and aks him what she must do to lead a pious life. The hermit tells her about God's greatest enemy, the devil, whom people who love God must send back down to hell. He tells her his penis is the devil, and that instead of a devil she has a hell. Thus she is seduced into helping him send the devil into hell, believing that this will serve God [K1363.1].","Literary traditions from the 13th century, see Boccaccio, Decamerone (III,10).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1425B*,Why the Seventh Child Has Red Hair,"Legman 1968f. I, 445.","German: Buse 1975, 220; US-American: Dorson 1964, 79f., Baker 1986, No. 124.","A dying husband asks his wife why six of their children have hair alike, but only the seventh has red hair. If the seventh's father is someone else 'No, only seventh is yours,' explains the wife.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1426,The Wife Kept in a Box,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 188ff. No. 111, 197ff. No. 116, VIII, 59 No. 24; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 625; Hertel 1909; Littmann 1921ff. I, 20�22; Cosquin 1922b, 265�347; Wesselski 1925, No. 1; Reinartz 1970; Hatami 1977, No. 6; Hor�lek 1986; EM 5 (1987) 186�192 (K. Hor�lek); Marzolph 1999a; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 1, 204.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 476f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1426*; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1426*; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 239, 240; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 275; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 14, 82; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 209, El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1426, 1426*; Indian: L�ders 1921, No. 28, Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J882.2, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. III, No. 206, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1426, 1426A; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. T382; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 181; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1426*; East African: cf. Klipple 1992, 378f.","(Including the previous Type 1426*.) Two brothers (kings, knight and king, friends) discover that their wives have lovers. Hoping to distance themselves from this problem, the brothers set out on a journey. They meet a man (fakir, demon, etc.) who carries a small case (shrine) with him. When the man takes a rest, he opens the case and a beautiful woman comes out. The couple enjoy themselves and the man goes to sleep. The woman then seduces the two travelers. (Or, she also releases a lover from such a case that she carried with her.) So the brothers (the man himself [previously Type 1426*]) realize that even a well-guarded woman can betray her husband, and go back home knowing that there is no way to prevent women's treachery [T382, F1034.2.1, J882.2].","Documented in the Buddhist tradition of the 3rd/4th century, in Europe in the late 14th century, see Sercambi (No. 84).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Man And His Wife 1405-1429,1429*,Remedy for Quarrelsomeness (previously Water of Slander),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 82; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 34, II, No. 22; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 147; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 293, Neumann 1999, No. 264; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 32; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 60; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3524; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A husband whose wife continually quarrels with him beats her. A passer-by (healer, old woman, magician, hermit) gives her some 'magic water.' As long as she keeps it in her mouth, she stops quarreling.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1380,The Faithless Wife,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 42; Taylor 1917; BP III, 124�126; cf. HDM 1 (1930�33) 239 (A. Wrede); R�hrich 1962f. II, 323�352, 488�497; Reinartz 1970; cf. EM 2 (1979) 226�230 (J. T. Bratcher), 471�474 (M. Reinartz); Schwarzbaum 1980, 310�316; Uther 1981, 91f.; cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 50; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 402, 511.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 42�46; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 274; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 335�337; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1380, p. 253; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1380, 1380�1404; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 78f., Roth 1977, No. E36; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 33, 34, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 184; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 264, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 77; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 141, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 503, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 156, Roth 1977, No. D33, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 585f., 741, EM 7 (1993) 868; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 154; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 52, De Simone 1994, No. 88; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 394; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 108, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 235; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3467, cf. No. 3002; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 206f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1380A, SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 263; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 123, Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhikian: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 58; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 31; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 19, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 30; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 222ff., cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 61; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 410 No. 272; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 165f., 23 (1950) 207ff., 6 (1927) 223ff.; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 35; Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 99.","A married woman is afraid her husband will discover that she has a lover. In order to prevent this, she asks several advisers what she should do. They suggest different foods that would incapacitate her husband. She does not know that one of the advisers is her own husband (one of his friends). After she serves the foods to her husband, he pretends to be blind. Believing it is now safe, she invites her lover into the house. Her husband punishes (slays) both of them [K1553].","Early Indian version in the Pa�catantra (III,17).","1365A, 1536C, 1537, 1537*, and 1725."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1380A*,The Petitioner Fooled (previously Wife to Spin),"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 50; Basset 1924ff. I, 259 No. 11; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 135; HDM 1 (1930�33) 239 (A. Wrede); R�hrich 1962f. II, 323�352, 488�497; EM 2 (1970) 226�230 (J. T. Bratcher).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 47, 266; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 332; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XI, 384, Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1380A*, 1575**; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 23, Kristensen 1900, No. 307; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1380*, 1575**; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 140; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, Nos. 98, 99; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1388, cf. No. 1575; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1575**, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 134; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1388; German: Meyer 1925a, Nos. 108, 193, Zender 1935, No. 95, Dietz 1951, No. 198, Hen�en 1961, No. 50, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 34, 68, 437, 438, 442, 444, cf. Roth 1977, No. D19, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 151, Hubrich-Messow, No. 1388 (forthcoming); Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1380*, 1761*; Bosnian: cf. Klari 1917, 291ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1380**, 1761*; Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1380B�, 1761*; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1971.5, K1971.12, Tauscher 1959, No. 54; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. K1971.3.1; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1388, 1761*; US-American: Randolph 1955, 92ff., 197f.; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 26�29, 13 (1937) 97f., 21 (1946) 97f.; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1761*; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1380B�; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 409, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1380*, 1380B�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1380B�.","(Including the previous Types 1380*, 1380**, 1388, 1575**, 1761*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a person (wife, young woman, maidservant, etc.) who asks a tree spirit (holy image) to grant some favor and to give a sign that this wish has been fulfilled. A trickster hiding behind (in) the tree or picture (the person affected by the wish, husband, employer, suitor, etc.) answers in a disguised voice, giving some unexpected information or saying something that furthers his own interest. The petitioner takes this reply as a divine command [K1971.3.1, K1971.4, K1971.5]. Cf. Types 1476, 1476A.","Early Indian version, see Pa�catantra (III,16).","1380, 1383."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381,The Talkative Wife and the Discovered Treasure,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 280, VII, 155ff. No. 437; K�hler 1896, 73f.; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 338�341; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 407; BP I, 527f.; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 63; B�dier 1925, 96, 466; Legman 1968f. II, 725f.; EM 5 (1987) 148�159 (I. K�hler); Dekker et al. 1997, 390�393; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 371.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 48�51; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 261, 263; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 64; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 232; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 20, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 45; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; French: S�billot 1881, No. 111, Soupault 1963, 257ff.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 182, 183, Espinosa 1988, No. 308, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 56; Portuguese: Melo 1991, 47f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 79; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 41a, b; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 237, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, Nos. 472, 473, Neumann 1968b, No. 270, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 411ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 7, 131, 238, 279, 328, II, 534; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 239; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3697, cf. No. 3753; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 218ff., Mazon 1936, No. 67; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 40, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 333 III 5; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 27, Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 25, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakutian: rgis 1967, Nos. 312, 318; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 49; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1151.1.1, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: cf. Robe 1973, No. 1381B; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A man (woman, boy) finds a treasure. Worried that his stupid (talkative) partner will say something that will cause him to lose the treasure, he pretends to his partner that something miraculous has happened: a rain of food, fish found in a field (in an animal trap), animals caught in a fish trap, the end of the world, a war of the birds, etc. When the stupid partner tells people that they found a treasure on the day it rained sausages, etc. , no one believes what he says. The trick succeeds and the clever man keeps his treasure [J1151.1.1]. Cf. Type 1381A.","Early European version of the motif of the magic rain by Basile, Pentamerone (I,4).","1009, 1211, 1218, 1293A*, 1381B, 1381E, 1383, 1384, 1386, 1387, 1541, 1600, 1642, 1643, 1653, and 1685."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381A,Husband Discredited by Absurd Truth,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 185f. No. 108, VI, 177 No. 337, VIII, 69 No. 34; B�dier 1925, 196f., 466; Raas 1983; EM 5 (1987) 148�159 (I. K�hler); Dekker et al. 1997, 390�393.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 123; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 383, Cardigos (forthcoming); Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 214; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 40; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3487; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 58, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 71; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 372; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 57; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 27, Dalila 1989, No. 209; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrian: cf. Oestrup 1897, 108ff., No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 115; Egyptian, Tunisian: Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 32.1; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A woman plants fish in the field where her husband is sure to plow them up. He finds them and gives them to her to cook. In the evening, in front of their guests, the woman asks her husband (so loudly that the neighbors can hear) what sort of fish he was talking of. When the guests hear the man say that it is the fish he found in his field, they think he is insane. He is restrained and taken to prison (madhouse), where he has to stay until his wife rescues him [J1151.1.2]. Cf. Types 1381, 1696.",NA,"1381B, 1406, 1417, and 1419B."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381B,The Sausage Rain,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 125f. No. 280, VIII, 35, 69; Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 9; Wesselski 1911 II, Nos. 347, 383, 407; BP I, 527 f.; Legman 1968f. II, 725f.; Schwarzbaum 1980, 273; Raas 1983; EM 5 (1987) 148�159 (I. K�hler); Dekker et al. 1997, 390�393.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 265ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 33; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 183, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 130, Cardigos (forthcoming); French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 8; German: Neumann 1999, No. 33; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 23; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 534; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3696, cf. No. 3012; Byelorussian: �ejn 1893, Nos. 87�90; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 333, Boratav 1955, No. 19; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1381B, cf. No. 1381*F; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: Jahn 1970, No. 49; Iraqi, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Rozenfel�d 1956, 94ff., cf. 104ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 430, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Socin/Stumme 1894f., No. 6, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A stupid boy commits a murder. His mother helps him hide the body in a well. In order to discredit her son's testimony, the mother exchanges the body for that of an animal and stages a rain of sausages (figs, fish, milk). Because of the son's talkativeness, investigators come and discover the dead animal. The son insists that the murder took place on the day it rained sausages. The investigators think he is insane and release him [J1151.1.3]. Cf. Types 1381, 1600, and 1696.","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,4). Great similarities with Type 1600; some variants are not clearly assigned to one type or the other.","1381, 1381A, and 1600."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381C,The Buried Sheep's Head,"Vries 1928, 220ff., 224 not. 1; EM 5 (1987) 148�159 (I. K�hler), 1145; Dekker et al. 1997, 390�393.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 49; Estonian: Kreutzwald 1869f. II, No. 15; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: S�billot 1881, No. 49, Meyrac 1890, 419f., Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 30c; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1946f., No. 68; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 96, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 1979a, 87ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Zender 1935, No. 63, Dietz 1951, No. 44, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 474; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1907, 39ff., Jegerlehner 1913, Nos. 74, 142; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1381C, 1381C1; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 183; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 110; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3752; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 56, Jason 1965, 1975; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 133ff.; Syrian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 43; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 68; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 430, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 66, Topper 1986, No. 23, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 4242.","In order to test his wife's ability to keep a secret, a husband confides to his wife that he has killed a man and hidden the corpse. The woman does not know that he has killed an animal instead and hidden the carcass. When later they have a fight and the husband beats her, she reveals the secret (tells it a friend who tells other people). The man is accused of murder but can prove his innocence because only the dead animal is found where the body is supposed to be [H472.1]. Cf. Types 1381, 1600.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 124). Great similarities with Type 1600; some variants are not clearly assigned to one type or the other.","910, 910A, and 921B."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381D,The Wife Multiplies the Secret,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 168 No. 184; Montanus/Bolte 1899, 267f., 592f.; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 542; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 395; Tubach 1969, No. 1359; EM 5 (1987) 148�159 (I. K�hler), 1145; Dekker et al. 1997, 390�393.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 52; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Zall 1970, 115ff.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 68, 69, Chevalier 1983, No. 136; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 200, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Jahn 1891, No. 26, Moser-Rath 1964, 469; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 237, 238, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 260; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3039, 3751; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 286, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 133 V; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 56, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Marzolph 1994, 217ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 111ff., Gaudes 1987, No. 71; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Klipple 1992, 373.","In order to test his wife's ability to keep a secret, her husband tells her that he has laid an egg (that a crow flew out of his belly) and makes her swear not to tell this to anyone. Against her promise not to reveal this embarassing fact she tells her friends (neighbors), adding to the story. Everyone adds more eggs (crows). Finally the authorities ask the man if he really laid 100 eggs [J2353]. Cf. Types 1381, 1381D*.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 125).",763.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381D*,Secret Senate,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 197; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 392; Tubach 1969, No. 5269.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1546; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 103f., Moser-Rath 1994b, 303 (J1546); Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 168; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5269.",A husband (son) tells his curious wife (mother) of a pretended new law passed by the city council that permits men to have two wives. The wife tells other people and the rumor becomes well known [J1546]. (Finally all the women of the town want the law to be reversed.),"Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 235), Gesta Romanorum (No. 126).","1381, 1381D."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381E,Old Man Sent to School,EM 9 (1999) 188�191 (K. P�ge-Alder).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 53; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 140f., 210f., 238; French: Soupault 1963, 257ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 60, Peuckert 1932, No. 272, Hen�en 1935, No. 256, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 116, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VII, No. 2HaG/263, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII A; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 7, 131, 279, 328, II, 534; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 23f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 29; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4778; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1644; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1644; Gypsy: MNK X 1; English-Canadian: Saucier 1962, No. 24b; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, 428ff.","An old man (farmer, workman, father) decides (is persuaded) to go to school in his old age (because he thinks it will help him become rich). On the way to school he finds a box (purse, bag) full of money. The man who lost it asks the old man if he found such a box, and the old man replies that he found it on the (first) day he went to school. The owner believes that it must have been a different box, because he lost his only recently. Cf. Type 1644.",Types 1381E and 1644 are so similar that some variants are not clearly assigned to one type or the other. Documented in the 16th century.,"982, 1381, 1600, 1641, 1644, and 1831."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1381F*,Riding on the Sow,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, 593f.","Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1988, 233.","A farmer leaves home to go on a trip with his farmhand, but sends the man back to tell the farmwife not to let a certain man into the house. Knowing that this order will backfire, the farmhand tells her instead that her husband orders her not to ride on a sow. Curious, she disobeys, and the sow bites her on the toe (she falls of and hurts herself). Later on their trip, the farmer and the farmhand hear that a woman in their village was eaten by a sow [T254.2].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1382,The Farmwife at the Market,"Aarne 1915, 63; BP I, 335�342, II, 440�451; Nyman 1982; EM 8 (1996) 569�571 (A. Sch�ne).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 54�57; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 262, 263, 302(5,13); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Rittershaus 1902, No. 98; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1382�1385, Schier 1974, No. 67; Norwegian: Christiansen 1964, No. 77; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 34, Christensen 1941, 17ff., B�dker/H�llen 1966, 99ff., Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 56; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 244; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 363; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 40; Czech: Jech 1961, No. 51; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 465, 578; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 37.","A woman (man) takes a cow (ox, ram, butter, grain) and a chicken (rooster, eggs) to sell at the market. Because she misunderstood her husband's instructions, she sells the cow for the price of the chicken and demands in vain the price of the cow for the chicken. Finally she sells her wares for 'what the market will bear' to a customer (Jew) who says he is 'the market' (cf. Type 1541) and spits in her hand instead of giving her money. Or, she sells without receiving money and adds a pledge (skirt, silver belt, jewelry) (cf. Type 1385) or a deposit (a silver spoon). Or, she must go and collect the money herself and is tarred and feathered. She returns home confused, does not even recognize herself (cf. Type 1383), and tells her husband what happened. He goes to the town with a fishing rod and pretends to fish in a gutter (well) until the man who cheated his wife passes by and mocks him for being as stupid as his wife. Thus the cheater is exposed and the bargain is undone (renewed) [J1149.2].",NA,"1200, 1210, 1245, 1285, 1383�1385, 1539, and 1540."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1383,The Woman Does Not Know Herself,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 298; BP I, 335�342, 520�528; HDM 2 (1934�40) 229f. (R. H�nnerkopf); Scherf 1995 II, 1402f.; EM: Teeren und federn (in prep.)","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 55, 58; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1409*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1382�1385; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 34, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 24, Christensen 1941, No. 2, B�dker/H�llen 1966, 99ff., Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 56; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 52; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 539f., Baughman 1966; French: Luzel 1887 III, No. 1; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 502, Kooi 2003, No. 84; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, Nos. 245, 272, Haltrich 1956, No. 67, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 506, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 34, 59, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 413f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 54; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 325, II, 578; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 199; Macedonian: Eschker 1986, No. 83; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 37; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2012.3; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966.","To punish his wife for her foolishness (stupidity, drunkenness), a man covers her with tar and feathers (puts a different dress on her, cuts her hair off). No one recognizes her, and even she does not recognize herself (she thinks she is an animal or a devil, asks her children who their mother is) [J2012.2, J2012.3]. Cf. Types 1284, 1336A, 1382, and 1681.",NA,"1380A*, 1381, 1382, 1385, and 1540."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1384,The Husband Hunts Three Persons as Stupid as his Wife,"BP I, 335�342, II, 440�451; Schwarzbaum 1968, 113, 463; Dekker et al. 1997, 99�101; EM 9 (1999) 1204�1210 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 59, 94, 175; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, 137ff., Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 24; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 144ff., 299f., 301ff.; French: Perbosc 1954, No. 43, Cadic 1955, No. 15; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1244*A, 1335*B, 1384; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 84, 85; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 141; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1371*; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Peuckert 1932, Nos. 255, 257, Benzel 1957, No. 225, Oberfeld 1962, Nos. 58, 59, 62, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74(o), Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 104, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, 84f.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 77; Italian: Schneller 1867, No. 56, Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 48; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1943 II, Nos. 47, 69, D�gh 1955f. I, No. 39, MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 404ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 55; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 6f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 207, 263, 280, 301; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 8; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 204; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 30, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 23; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3756, 3757; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 66, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, No. 37, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 80; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 331; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 47; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 333; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 421, El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 15; Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1384, cf. 1384X�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 50; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 187; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1384*; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 105; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 11, XII, No. 11, XIV, No. 5; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 56, Burrison 1989, 33, 101ff.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Crowley 1966; Egyptian: Brunner-Traut 1989, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Jahn 1970, No. 50, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3351, Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 1384, 1450, Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 1371*.) This is a frame story into which other anecdotes about stupid people are set. A man who is exasperated by the stupidity of his wife (bride, sister, daughter) goes out to find three (more) people who are equally stupid [H1312.1]. He swears that if he cannot do this, he will leave his wife (beat her, kill her). He finds three such people quickly without any trouble. Cf. Types 1332, 1385, and 1450.",NA,"1204**, 1210, 1229*, 1245, 1285, 1286, 1383, 1385�1387, 1450, 1528, 1540, 1541, and also 1009, 1180, 1200, 1202, 1211, 1242A, 1244, 1245, 1263, 1288, 1295A*, 1326, 1381, 1382, 1408, 1430A, 1530, 1540A*, 1653, 1685, and 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1385,The Foolish Wife's Security (previously The Foolish Wife's Pawn),"Aarne 1915; BP II, 440�451; EM 2 (1979) 640; EM 10 (2002) 840�842 (A. Sch�ne).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 56, 202; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1382�1385; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 10, Kristensen 1897a, No. 2, Christensen 1941, No. 2; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 502; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 141; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 105, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 5, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 104, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 56; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 98; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 65, Eschker 1986, No. 26; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 411f., 414; Greek: Megas 1956f. II, No. 45, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 7ff., Lintur 1972, No. 116, cf. SUS, No. 1385A**; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: Yates 1948, No. 44; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, No. 98; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 273; Syrian: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J2086; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 27; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 21.","Usually an introduction to other anecdotes about stupid people. A farmer sends his wife to the market to sell cattle (chickens, grain). The buyer tricks her into giving him some free of charge, saying that she should keep the others as the security for his debt (the buyer receives one half of it as credit and owes her the second part) [J2086]. Cf. Types 1265*, 1382, and 1384.","Documented in the early 16th century, e.g. see the Latin comedy Aluta of Macropedius.","1200, 1242A, 1245, 1285, 1286, 1288, 1382�1384, 1387, and 1540."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1385*,Learning about Money,"BP I, 520�528.","Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 361; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 59, cf. II, No. 104, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 79; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 31; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 95ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3697; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 46; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, Nos. 1385A*, 1385A**; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 314f.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 28.","A stupid woman knows nothing about money. Her husband comes home with a purse full of money and she asks him what is in the purse. He answers lentils (peas, pumpkin seeds, lice, nuts, grain, the plague). Later when he is away, the wife trades the purse with the money in it for something worthless. Cf. Types 1384, 1386, 1387, and 1541.",NA,"1384, 1386, 1387*, 1643, and 1653."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1386,Meat as Food for Cabbage,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 81f., Nos. 20, 48; BP I, 520�528; EM 8 (1996) 12�16 (R. B. Bottigheimer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 6, 8, 10, VI, Nos. 51, 331; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 263; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, Nos. 6, 24, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 46; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 19; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 33; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 106, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 82; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Peuckert 1932, Nos. 238, 282, Hen�en 1951, No. 61, Benzel 1962, Nos. 186, 187, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74(o), Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 34, 59, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 209; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, Nos. 90, 96, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 414; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 133Ca, Michel 1944, 119ff.; Slovene: Milinski 1917, 108ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 104, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 211, 212; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 24; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 31; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3755; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 218ff.; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 46; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 314f., MNK X 1; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Coster-Wijsman 1929, No. 92; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 106; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 202ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Burrison 1989, 101ff.","Before he leaves home a man tells his wife, 'The meat is for the cabbage' (meaning that she should cook them together). The wife follows this advice literally and puts pieces of meat by each cabbage in the garden. When the man sees how stupid his wife is, he leaves her. Usually he goes to look for other fools and meets people who do things even more stupid than what his wife did [J1856.1]. Cf. Types 1383, 1385, 1387, 1387*, 1450, and 1642.",NA,"1210, 1245, 1285, 1325, 1326, 1332, 1384, 1387, 1387*, and 1450."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1387,The Woman Goes to get Beer,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 81; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 1; BP I, 316, 520�528; EM 8 (1996) 12�16 (R. B. Bottigheimer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 6, VI, No. 60; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 171ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 319; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Stiefel 1898a, 166f., Briggs 1970f. A II, 116ff.; French: Meyrac 1890, 134ff., Cadic 1955, No. 20; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 104, II, No. 521, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hen�en 1932, 34ff., Uther 1990a, No. 4, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 34, 59, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 74(o), Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 16, De Simone 1994, Nos. 29, 36; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 89, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1387, cf. No. 1387m; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 414, 427, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 31; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 79, 327; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 211, 212; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3698, 3744, 3755; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1387, cf. No. *1387B; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 218ff.; Greek: Boulenger 1935, 41ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1387, 1387A; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 46; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 85; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 1387A*; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1631**A.","(Including the previous Type 1387A.) A woman is sent to get some beer (wine). While she is in the cellar, the meat burns, or the dog takes it and runs away. She chases the dog but forgets to close the tap, and the beer runs out all over the cellar. The woman tries to cover up her mistake by strewing meal on the cellar floor [J2176, J2176.1]. Or, she throws bread out the window instead of putting it back in the oven [W111.3.3], so that the mowers will go home hungry. (Previously Type 1387A.)","The Types 1387 and 1450 are similar to each other and are often not clearly differentiated in the catalogs. Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,4).","1210, 1218, 1291, 1384, 1386, 1408, 1653, and also 1009, 1245, 1291B, 1313, 1381, 1383, 1384, 1385*, 1540, 1541, 1642, 1643, 1685, 1696, 1791, and 1910."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1387*,Woman Must Do Everything like her Neighbors,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 26; cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 31.","German: Haltrich 1956, No. 65; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1387B; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. II, 11f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1387 I*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1223A.","A man marries a woman who has no idea how to do housework. He tells her to go to a neighbor and see how she does it. The wife watches the neighbor winnow wheat, scald clothes, and bake bread. She goes back home and winnows flour, scalds her husband's fur coat and boots, and puts the calf in the oven, etc. Her husband gives her other instructions which she follows literally, with disasterous results. Cf. Type 1696.",NA,"1385*, 1386, and 1387."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1389*,The Stingy Farmwife Gives her Servant Some Little and Some Big Lumps of Sugar,EM 6 (1990) 884.,"Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1389**; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: cf. Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 111; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; US-American: cf. Randolph 1965, 26ff.","A stingy farmwife offers her servant girl (boy) little or big pieces of sugar, saying that the little ones are sweeter. The servant replies that she is not fond of sweets, and takes the big pieces [J1341.8].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1390*,The Dish he Hates (previously The Dish Which the Husband Hates and Which the Wife Keeps Serving Him),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 48.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 111, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. T255.5; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A woman repeatedly cooks a dish for her husband which he does not like. Finally he tells her that he loves it, and she stops serving it to him [T255.5].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1391,Every Hole to Tell the Truth,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 88; Taylor 1916; Legman 1966, 466; Legman 1968f. I, 751, II, 874f.; Schirmer 1969, 250�270; Schr�der 1971; EM 1 (1977) 489; EM 2 (1979) 316�318 (H.-J. Uther); Randolph/Legman 1979.","Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 61; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 272ff.; Swedish: Krypt�dia 2 (1884) 171ff.; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 38; Portuguese: Alves 1999, 46f., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 77, Jahn 1890, 19ff., Hoven 1978, 206ff.; Italian: Rotunda 1942, Nos. D1610.6.1, H451, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 34; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 122, 250 IV 1; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1539**; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. K1569.7, K1569.10; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. D1610.6.1; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 67f.","(Les bijoux indiscrets.) A man helps a beggar (dervish, soldier) and receives as reward three magic objects, one of which is a stick that makes all holes able to speak. Before the man will marry a woman, he tests her chastity with this stick while she sleeps [D1610.6.1, H451, K1569.7]. Three women (daughters of a merchant, official, and nobleman) fail this test, and the man finally marries an 'innocent' shepherdess. The fathers of the rejected women accuse him of slandering their daughters. They are tested again with the stick: the vagina of the first admits that it was unchaste. The second woman stuffs her vagina with hemp, but her anus speaks. The third silences her vagina and anus, but her ear admits to having had premarital intercourse.","Well known as an anecdote in the novelistic tradition, see e.g. Sercambi (No. 102), Garin�s fabliau Le Chevalier qui faisait parler les cons et les culs, and Denis Diderot, Les Bijoux indiscrets (1748).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1393,The Single Blanket,,"Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 62; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 193g; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 75.","The husbands of two women who are quarreling leave them together in a cold place with only one blanket. Since they have to share the blanket, they become reconciled with each other.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,The Foolish Wife And Her Husband 1380-1404,1394,Polygynist Man Loses his Beard,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 67; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 128 No. 134; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 152; Tubach 1969, No. 2401; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxxix not. 9; MacDonald 1982, No. J2112.1; Marzolph 1991 II, No. 847.","Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J2112.1; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3429; Jewish: Neuman 1954, No. J2112.1; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1397A�; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2112.1, MacDonald 1982, No. J2112.2*; Korean: Zng 1952, 88.","A man has two wives, a young one and an old one. The young one pulls out his gray hairs, the old wife his black. They do this until his beard and head are bald [J2112.1].","Aesopic fable (Phaedrus/Perry 1965, II,2). Documented e.g. by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 201), by La Fontaine, Fables (I,17) and in the Persian and Turkish version of Kalila and Dimna in the 16th�18th century (No. 134).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1350,The Soon-Consoled Widow (previously The Loving Wife),"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 346; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 119f. No. 104; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 751; Schwarzbaum 1979, 403, 409 not. 7; EM: Witwe: Die rasch getr�stete W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 1; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XI, 316; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1350, p. 254; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 79; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Stiefel 1908, Nos. 9, 10, 82, Baughman 1966, Wardroper 1970, 157; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 116, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 202f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1350, 1350*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1350, 1350*; German: cf. Moser-Rath 1964, No. 63, Rehermann 1977, 147, 273f. No. 29, 435 No. 31, Ranke 1979, 163 No. 17, Moser-Rath 1984, 121, 288f., 406, 456f.; Swiss: EM 6 (1990) 35; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 52; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 245; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, cf. Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3434, 4622; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1350, cf. Nos. *1350A*� *1350C*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1350, 1350A, 1350B, Simonides 1979, Nos. 6�8; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Qatar, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 82; Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1350**A; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Congolese: Klipple 1992.","A man feigns death in order to test his wife's faithfulness [H466]. The wife is eager to take the man who brings her the news for her new husband (lover) [T231.3, cf. K2052.4.3]. Cf. Type 1510.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1351,The Silence Wager,"Clouston 1887 II, 15�26; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 132 No. 124; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 576; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 237; Brown 1922; Basset 1924ff. II, 400 No. 125; Ranke 1955b, 45; Kapeu 1964; Schwarzbaum 1968, 239, 476; Dekker et al. 1997, 415�418; EM: Schweigewette (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 2; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 24, Christensen 1941, No. 9; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Wehse 1979, No. 253; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 233f., Joisten 1971 II, No. 212; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, 117; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 96, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 36; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1963a, No. 66, Moser-Rath 1984, 119, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 114, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: EM 6 (1990) 35; Austrian: ZfVk. 16 (1906) 283; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 23; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 396; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 24; Slovene: Zupanc 1944b, 122ff.; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5083; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 59; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 198f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, Nos. 10, 11; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 334; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 85; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 214; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 78f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 281, 337; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 30; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 64, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1351, 1351A, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 73; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1351, 1351A; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 89; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1351A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XIII, No. 13, XVIII, No. 5, XXI, Nos. 1, 2; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1351*, Goodwin 1989, 38; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 48ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; North African, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 419, El-Shamy 2004.","A man and his wife make a wager: Whoever speaks first must do certain work (close the door, wash the dishes, feed the animals, etc.). Strangers (robbers) enter their house and take or abuse their belongings (believe the couple are dead and share their estate). A man rapes the woman (a woman tries to rape the man). The husband (wife) protests (becomes jealous), cries out [H1194.0.1], and thus loses the wager [J2511].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1351A,'God Help You!' A husband and wife quarrel and do not speak to each other for a whole day,"ZfVk. 16 (1906) 293; Ranke 1955b, 45f.; Legman 1968f. I, 123.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 3; Norwegian: cf. Hodne 1984, 312; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 194; French: Perbosc/Bru 1987, 168; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 118, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 167; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 8, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Kubitschek 1920, 30, cf. Buse 1975, No. 237, Moser-Rath 1984, 291; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 143, EM 6 (1990) 35; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1428*; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 9; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960.","Before they go to sleep, the husband puts a board (pillow) in the middle of the bed between them. In the night the man sneezes. 'God help you,' says his wife from the other side of the bed. 'Do you really mean that' asks the man. 'Yes,' says the wife. The man replies, 'Then take away the board!' Cf. Type 1443*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1351A*,Zunge gesucht,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 57; cf. EM 3 (1981) 1098; Dekker et al. 1997, 415�418; EM: Zunge gesucht (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 4, 5; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1580; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 37; Flemish: Joos 1889ff. III, No. 37; German: Dietz 1951, 37, Grannas 1960, No. 85, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 496, Kapfhammer 1974, 105, Moser-Rath 1984, 315, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 115, 181h; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 874; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 12.","Als ein Mann seiner Frau Geschw'tzigkeit vorwirft, verstummt sie v'llig. Nach zwei Tagen beginnt er auff'llig zu suchen, woraufhin sie ihn schlie'lich fragt, was er denn suche. Er antwortet: 'Deine Zunge.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1351B*,Miscellaneous Tales of Quarreling Couples (previously Guilty to Speak First),EM 3 (1981) 1095�1107 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, No. 1365F*, Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 6, 7; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1351E*; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 399f., 453; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1351A**; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. **1351C; Iraqi: Nowak 1960, No. 340; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1351B; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 1351*D.",This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with married couples who quarrel or who play tricks on each other.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1351F*,The Unsuccessful Murder,Kooi 2002.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 14; Dutch: Tiel 1855, 119, Kooi 2003, No. 75; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 38; German: Benzel 1993, 170; Swiss: Eder 1982, 257f.","A woman wants to poison her husband. The pharmacist gives her herbs instead of the poison that she requests. He tells her husband that she had asked him for poison. The wife sprinkles the herbs on a bowl of soup and serves it to her husband. He pretends to die. The wife puts a rope through a hole leading upstairs and ties it around the man's neck. She goes upstairs and tries to pull him up, but he unties himself and ties the rope to his workbench. She uses the rope to pull it up and fastens the rope. Then she calls out the window for help, saying that her husband hanged himself. The wife is tried and convicted.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1351G*,Bearing his Cross,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, 15; Dutch: Eigen Volk 3 (1931) 255f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Selk 1949, 21, Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. I, 117; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1374; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. J2495.6*, Dodge 1987, 105.","A man (farmer, baker, barber) suffers at the hands of his obstinate wife. He complains to the clergyman (his master), who tells him that each man has his own cross to bear (carry). The man goes home, lifts his wife on his back, and carries her. After this, she becomes more tractable [J2495, J1823].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1352,The Devil Guards the Wife's Chastity,"Wesselski 1908; Wesselski 1931, 193; Paden 1945; Tubach 1969, No. 1540; Rapallo 1972; EM: Teufel als Frauenw�chter (in prep.).","Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 215, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 79.","A man who is exasperated with his quarrelsome wife exclaims, 'May the devil take you!' [C12.4]. The devil takes this command seriously, defends her chastity, and carries off her would-be lovers (even in hell, she is unmanageable). Finally he gives up and sends her back to her husband, saying it would be easier to herd wild horses (wild pigs). Cf. Type 1164.","Documented in the late Middle Ages, e.g. Mensa philosophica (IV,23).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1352A,The Tale-Telling Parrot (previously Seventy Tales of a Parrot Prevent a Wife's Adultery),"Clouston 1887 II, 196�211; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 47, 336, 513; EM 10 (2002) 526�531 (U. Marzolph); EM: ukasaptati (forthcoming).","Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 105, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Crane 1885, Nos. 45�47, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 7; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 52 (4); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Kurdish: Wenzel 1978, No. 13, Dalila et al. 1989, No. 9; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, 106ff., Mostaert 1947, 276ff., 292ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1979, 17ff.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 231, 258; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, Nos. 13, 50.","A rich man (merchant) gives his wife a (two) parrot so that she will have company while he is away. She falls in love during her husband's absence (and kills the parrot [one of the parrots] because he will not let her visit her lover [J551.1]). Every time she wants to go to her lover, the (other) parrot holds her back by telling a long story [K1591] (he tells seven stories in seven days), until her husband returns. Cf. Type 1422.",Early literary documention in the Indian ukasaptati.,1422.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1353,The Old Woman as Trouble Maker,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869, I,1, No. 366; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 158 No. 48, 195 No. 20; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 12f.; Prato 1899; Wesselski 1909, No. 22; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 178; Wesselski 1925, No. 5; Wesselski 1931, 194; Gjerdman 1941; Krzyanowski 1959; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 6; Schmidt 1963, 70�78; Tubach 1969, No. 5361; Tr�mpy 1979, 243; Odenius 1984; Marzolph 1992 I, 209�211, II, No. 459; EM: Weib: B�ses W. schlimmer als der Teufel (in prep.)","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 71, VI, Nos. 8, 9; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 167; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1165*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 207, 208; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 823; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. G303.10.5; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1085; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 253, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 471, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 264, Ranke 1966, No. 66, Kapfhammer 1974, 104f., Rehermann 1977, 148, 369 No. 11, 369f. No. 12, 419 No. 23, 425 No. 7, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 81ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 5361; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 21; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 136, 138, III, No. 349; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Krzyanowski 1965, No. 81; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 45; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 371ff.; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 362, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 362, El-Shamy 2004.","The devil wants to separate a man and his wife (because he is jealous of their happiness). He asks an old woman to help him [G303.10.5] (promises her a pair of shoes). The old woman tells the wife that her husband is unfaithful to her, and that in order to make him love her again, she should cut three hairs from his beard when he is asleep. The old woman tells the husband that his wife intends to kill him. When the wife comes at night with a knife to cut the hairs, he beats (kills) her [K1085]. Cf. Types 1170, 1573*.","Early versions in the Middle Ages, e.g. Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 615).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1354,Death for the Old Couple,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869, I,1, No. 350; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 41; cf. Wesselski 1911 II, Nos. 448, 466; Wesselski 1938a, 109f.; EM: Tod der Alten (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 10; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 41, 42, 629; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 119, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 170, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, No. 86f.; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 115, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 229, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 112, Neumann 1968, No. 274, Zender 1984, No. 202; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 245; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 154, II, 99, Karadi 1937, No. 67; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 21; Bosnian: Krauss 1914 I, No. 124; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4777; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, Nos. 14, 15; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: B�dker et al. 1963, 213ff.; Jewish: cf. Gaster 1924, No. 139; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 86; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. J217.0.1.1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A woman whose husband is ill wishes that death would take her (instead of him). When death (a neighbor dressed as death, death in the form of a bird [owl, crow, goose, chicken]) comes (sent by the husband to test his wife) to take the wife, she points instead to her husband [J217.0.1, J217.0.1.1, K2065.1]. Cf. Type 845.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1354A*,Widower's Relief,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 181, 190, 206, 209; German: cf. Selk 1949, No. 20, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 255; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1354C; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1354A.","An old man feels relieved by the death of his wife. He says to death, 'You have caused me a lot of trouble, but now you will not do so any more.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1354C*,Seemingly-Dead Woman Returns to Life,"ZfVk. 20 (1910) 354f., 21 (1911) 285; EM 3 (1981) 1104.","Danish: Kristensen 1900, 127; Irish: � S�illeabh�in 1942, 645 No. 65, Murphy 1975, 29f., 163; Dutch: Dinnissen 1993, No. 94; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Dittmaier 1950, 190f., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 62, Neumann 1976, 374, Moser-Rath 1984, 121, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. III, No. 1Folz/20, 2War/717; Italian: EM 2 (1978) 35; Hungarian: MNK VI, No. 1300* XVII; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4616; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1396; US-American: Montell 1975, 204.","A dead woman (man) is being carried to her grave. One of the coffin bearers bumps into a wall and the shock brings the dead woman back to life. She dies again the following year. Her husband tells the coffin bearers to be careful how they go, so the same mistake will not happen again.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1354D*,Fertile Weather,,"French: Joisten 1971 II, 316; Dutch: Tiel 1855, 58; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 277, Ranke 1972, 173; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 84; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, No. 41; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3352.","Two farmers are discussing the weather. 'This weather is good for growing,' says one. 'Tonight everything will spring out of the ground.' 'I hope not,' says the other, 'My wife (two, three wives) is buried there.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1355,The Man Hidden under the Bed,,"Syrjanian: cf. Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 13; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 371, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994; Hungarian: MNK VII A, Nos. 1355, 1355B*; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 25ff., Orso 1979, No. 152; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1412; Indian: Beck et al. 1987, No. 47; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1963, No. 216.","This miscellaneous type comprises different anecdotes dealing with adultery, some of which are not clearly described in the regional type catalogues: The lover hides under the bed when the husband comes home. In most cases the lover misunderstands something that the husband says and betrays himself by his spontaneous reply.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1355A,The Lord Above; the Lord Below,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 323; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 206 No. 68; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 167�169; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 2; Wesselski 1911 I, 271 not. 1, II, 99 No. 2; B�dier 1925, 453; Schmidt 1963, 312�322; Legman 1968f. I, 791f.; EM 6 (1990) 889�894 (R. W. Brednich).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Parivall 1671, No. 50; German: Blau 1908, 129ff., cf. Roth 1977, No. D28; Italian: Morlini/Wesselski 1908, No. 30, Rotunda 1942, No. K1525.1*, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 548; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1380 II*, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3451, II, cf. No. 5439; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 152; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 280; US-American: Baughman 1966; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 46ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","While her husband is away, a wife is visited by two of her lovers. When her husband suddenly comes home, one hides on the roof and the second hides under the bed. The wife distracts her husband with foolish phrases and accuses him of having wasted all his money on drink. He defends himself and says, 'The Lord above will pay for everything.' The man on the roof says he will pay for half, but the man under the bed (below) must pay for the other half [K1525]. Cf. Type 1355C. In Italian variants the meeting of the adulterous wife and her lover is interrupted by a fool who follows his dog into the house. He embraces the woman and hides from the husband in the hearth. When the husband starts a fire, the fool defends himself, 'I had your wife only once, but the man under the bed has her a thousand times.' The husband kills the lover and gives the fool money to keep quiet.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Fabliau Du Clerc qui fu repus deriere l�escrin and in Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 34).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1355A*,Unfaithful Wife as Judge,"Wesselski 1908, No. 42; B�dier 1925, 453.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 459; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3485; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1355A1; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A neighbor (miller) tells a husband about his wife's unfaithfulness, and they surprise her with her lover. She assumes the role of judge and sentences all three men to be punished.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1355B,"'I Can See the Whole World!' (previously Adulteress Tells her Lover, 'I Can See the Whole World')","Ranke 1955b, 52; EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse); D�m�tor 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 11; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 349; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Wehse 1979, No. 136, Wehse 1980; French: Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 61, Perbosc/Bru 1987, 43f.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 120, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 174, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, No. 5; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 341, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bodens 1937, No. 1159, Dietz 1951, No. 250, Moser-Rath 1984, 289ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 13, MNK VII A; Serbian: Miovi/Filipovi 1952, 319f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4583; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 25ff., Orso 1979, No. 88, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: Afanas�ev 1883, No. 55; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 90; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 113; US-American: Randolph 1976, 108f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer (herdsman) who has lost an animal (horse, donkey, cow) climbs a tree to look for it (looks for it under a bed). He accidentally witnesses a couple embracing. After their intercourse (on seeing the woman's naked body) the lover (man or woman) says metaphorically, 'I have seen the whole world!' (some similar expression). The farmer asks the man if he has seen his lost animal [K1271.4]. The couple are frightened and run away so fast that they leave some article behind which the farmer takes. (The adulterer gives the farmer money to keep quiet. If the couple are married, they beat the farmer.)","Early literary treatments see Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 237) and in Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 12).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1355C,The Lord Above Will Provide,"Wesselski 1911 I, 271 not 1; Schmidt 1963, 312�323; Legman 1968f. I, 789f.; R�hrich 1977, 75; Popvasileva 1986; EM 6 (1990) 889�894 (R. W. Brednich).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 12, 13; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, No. 35, II, No. 61, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 119; Livonian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Wotian: Munk�csi 1952, 239ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1892f., No. 396; French: Parivall 1671, No. 50, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 62, Perbosc/Bru 1987, 91; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 203, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 88; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 53; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Hoffmann 1973, Loots 1985, 23f.; German: Blau 1908, 129ff., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 443, Neumann 1968, No. 149, cf. Roth 1977, No. D28, Moser-Rath 1984, 289ff.; Austrian: Anthropophyteia 5 (1908) 144, No. 27; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) No. 177; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1654*, B�rlea 1966 III, 220ff., 500; Greek: Hansmann 1918, No. 29; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 86, 87; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 17.","Lovers are consorting under a tree (in a barn). The woman worries about the consequences and asks her lover, 'Who will provide for the child' He answers, 'The Lord above us will take care of it.' A man hiding in the tree (on the roof) says, 'I certainly will not!' [K1271.5].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1357*,Wife's Duty to Have Lovers,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 15; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 362, Cardigos (forthcoming); Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 377; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1357***; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965.",A husband wants to sound out his wife. He tells her that every wife should have a lover so that other men will respect her husband (because otherwise her husband will not respect her). The wife admits that she does have a lover.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1357A*,Peas in the Jar,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ringseis 1980, 240; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 210; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 III, 48f.; US-American: Dorson 1964, 80, Leary 1991, No. 100.","A married couple frequently engage in adultery. The wife puts a pea in a jar each time, and the husband puts a marble in a bag. After a while they compare numbers, and the husband sees that the wife has fewer peas than he has marbles. She explains that she used some of her peas to make soup (three times). In some variants, only one of the two partners keeps count in this manner.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1358,Trickster Surprises Adulteress and Lover,"EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse), 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 35; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 157f.; Spanish: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 59, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 175, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 88f.; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 252, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 63; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) No. 2; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: Potjavin 1960, No. 35; Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, No. 44.","This miscellaneous type refers to a cycle of related anecdotes concerned with adultery. Usually a husband catches his wife with her lover and exposes their affair. The type combines episodes from types 1358A, 1358B, and 1358C.",The following catalogs or collections make references to Type 1358.,"1358A, 1358B, 1358C, and 1725."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1358*,Child Unwittingly Betrays his Mother's Adultery,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 243, cf. No. 247; EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse), 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Renard 1995.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 17; French: Montaiglon/Raynaud 1872ff. IV, 147ff.; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 290f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3454; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **1412; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","While her husband is away, a wife makes advances to one of his employees. This man draws a chalk circle on the floor and warns that he will 'take revenge' on her if she crosses the line. The eager wife crosses the line and the employee has intercourse with her. When the husband returns, a child, who has seen what happened, warns him not to cross the line because if he does, the employee will do to him what he did to the mother, lie beside him and 'fight' [J125.2.1].",Spread through literary versions since the 15th century. Early European version see Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 23).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1358A,Hidden Lover Buys Freedom from Discoverer,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 47; Montanus/Bolte 1899, 396�399; BP II, 1�18; Basset 1924ff. I, 387 No. 19; EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse), 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 16; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 183, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 357; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Gr�nborg/Nielsen 1884, 85ff., Kristensen 1884ff. III, Nos. 13, 35, Stroebe 1915 I, No. 33; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Baughman 1966, Roth 1977, No. E22, cf. No. E30, Wehse 1979, No. 363; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 121, cf. Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 176; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Neumann 1968b, No. 215, Roth 1977, Nos. D24, D47, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 61, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK VII A; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 548; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 42; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1535; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 192f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A priest makes advances to a married woman. She pretends to agree to meet him, but tells her husband. At the rendezvous when the husband knocks on the door, the priest, who is already undressed, hides in a vat that contains tar (sirup). When he looks for a better place to hide, he finds himself in a vat of feathers. The man and his wife see him covered with tar and feathers and exhibit him as the devil (the man puts him in a crate and parades him around) [K1555.2, K1554.1]. Important people (people who come to the market) pay to see this 'devil' (cf. Type 1358B). The priest often has to give all his wealth in order to ransom himself [K443.1]","Many structural similarities among the Types 1358A, 1358B, and 1358C. Some variants are not clearly assigned to one type or the other.","1358B, 1358C, 1525, 1535, and 1725."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1358B,Husband Carries Off Box Containing Hidden Lover [K443,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, Nos. 20, 47; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 111; ZfVk. 13 (1903) 412�420; Wesselski 1909, No. 5; BP II, 1�18; Stepphun 1913; Basset 1924ff. II, 44 No. 19; Sharp 1958, 145; Tubach 1969, No. 966; EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse), 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 470; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 196.","Finnish: cf. Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 16; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 357; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff., No. 159, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 13, Stroebe 1915 I, No. 33; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 157f., Roth 1977, No. E28, Wehse 1979, Nos. 330, 353; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 390, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, Nos. 73, 118; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 185f., Neumann 1968b, No. 214, Roth 1977, No. D47, cf. No. D45, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 61, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 336; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 381; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 III, 484f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 25ff., 28ff., Loukatos 1957, 297f.; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 19; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 108; Jewish: Jason 1975; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1555, Esche 1976, 340ff., 524; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 88ff.; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 60; Japanese: Seki 1963, No. 46; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1931, 282ff.; US-American: Chase 1956, 43, 46f; Panamanian: Robe 1973; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 180; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 67f., Schild 1975, No. 24; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 344; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1889, No. 14; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 47; Somalian: Reinisch 1900 I, No. 44.","1, K1555, K1574]. An adulterer (priest) who was surprised by his lover's husband hides in a chest (which contains garbage, spoiled food, etc.). The husband (another lover, someone else) transports the chest together with its contents and exhibits it publicly (for a fee, cf. Type 1358A). The prisoner (who cries out from inside the chest) is set free after he pays a fine or a ransom (his friends or relatives pay it).",See Type 1358A. Early European version see Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 73).,"1358A, 1358C, and 1725."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1358C,Trickster Discovers Adultery: Food Goes to Husband Instead of Lover [K1571],"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 178 No. 340; Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 3; Basset 1924ff. I, 387 No. 99; Wesselski 1931, No. 27; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 216; BP II, 1�18; Tubach 1969, No. 632; EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse); EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); El-Shamy 1999, No. 50.","Finnish: cf. Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 16; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. I, No. 24, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Zall 1970, 190f., Wehse 1979, Nos. 323, 324, 330; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, Nos. 146, 184, II, No. 315, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Volkskunde 20 (1909) 198ff., Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 211, Kooi 2003, Nos. 73, 118; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 128, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 61, Grubm�ller 1996, 10ff., 916ff., Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 365; Croatian: Ardali 1908a, No. 18, Vujkov 1953, 238ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3002, 3458, 3477; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 153ff.; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 131, Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kara-Kalpak: Reichl 1985, 22f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1571; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 88, 89; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 296; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 74; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A traveler (student, soldier, etc.) asks for food and lodging, so a housewife gives him plain food and tells him to sleep in the haystack. He sees her (through a window) feasting in the company of her lover. When the husband comes home unexpectedly, he tells the traveler he would invite him in if he could offer him decent food. When the wife pretends that there is no food in the house, the traveler (with the help of a bird or magic implement) pretends to use magic to produce the (hidden) food leftover from the feast. He uses pretended magic a second time to raise the devil (actually the hidden lover) and chase him away. The lover and the wife or the host give the traveler a generous reward. Often the husband buys the magic object from him. Cf. Types 1535, 1725.","See Type 1358A. Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (II,10).","1358A, 1358B, and 1725."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1359,Husband Outwits Adulteress and Lover,"EM 3 (1981) 1055�1065 (R. Wehse), 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; English: Roth 1977, Nos. E39, E40; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 179, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 92f.; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 360, 362, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Roth 1977, No. D41; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 457; Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 269; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1739; Russian: SUS, No. 1360A; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1359, 1360A; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 25, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Meinhof 1921, No. 77.",This type refers to a cycle of related anecdotes concerned with adultery. Usually a husband catches his wife with her lover and exposes their affair. It combines episodes from types 1359A'1359C.,NA,"1359A, 1359B, and 1359C."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1359A,Hiding the Lover,EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 18; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 278; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 358; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 36; Portuguese: Melo 1991, 102ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hagen 1850 II, No. 41, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 20; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3483; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 274; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1951, No. 35; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 77; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man tries twice to catch his wife comitting adultery, but each time she manages to hide her lover. The third time, the husband burns down the house. The wife manages (with the unwitting help of her husband) to rescue her lover [K1554]. Cf. Type 1730.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1359A*,Pulling out Hairs,"Legman 1968f. I, 773f.","Flemish: Loots 1985, 24f., 105ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. II, 103, Heckscher/Simon 1980ff. II,1, 269f.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 29. 108; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, 266 No. X725.1.2, Randolph 1976, 81f., Baker 1986, No. 312; African American: Abrahams 1970, 220f., Dance 1978, No. 500.","A merchant (clergyman, monk, Jew) spends the night in a farmhouse, sharing a bed with the farmer and his wife. When the traveler wants to have intercourse with the wife, he pulls out a hair from the husband's backside to find out if he is asleep. This happens several times, until finally the husband turns over and says, 'I don't mind what you do with my wife, but please don't use my backside as a scoreboard!' In some variants the cheated person (teacher) discloses his identity by joining in the chorus when the two others (priest and nun) talk about the pleasure they have had the last night in a reciprocal song.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der schmid mit der crewzfart (1550).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1359B,Husband Meets the Lover in the Wife's Place,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 328, II, No. 80; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 161; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; English: Baughman 1966, Wehse 1979, No. 336; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 358, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Loots 1985, 72ff.; German: Roth 1977, No. D6; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 542; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 104f., 485; Bulgarian: BFP; Syrian, Palestinian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 95ff.","A husband suspects that while he is away at mass, his wife is having an affair with their children's tutor. The husband wants to find out if this is true. One day when his wife is away and the husband is at home with the tutor, he invites the young man to a luxurious feast and offers him plenty of wine in order to loosen his tongue. The young man confirms the husband's suspicions, and is pardoned on the condition that he breaks off the relationship. Soon after, however, the merchant notices that the affair is still going on. In order to put an end to it, one morning he orders his wife to go to mass instead of him. As she leaves, she slams the door hard to signal to the young man that it was she and not her husband who went out. The young man wakes up late, believes that the husband has left, and goes to the wife's bed, where he finds the merchant. The merchant insults him and beats him (castrates him) [K1561].","Early literary treatment, see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 60).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1359C,Husband Prepares to Castrate the Crucifix,"Bartsch/K�hler 1873; Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 154; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 469; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 34; EM 3 (1981) 1068�1077 (K. Roth); Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 1147f. (K.-H. Schirmer); Verfasserlexikon 11,1 (2000) 256�258 (N. Zotz).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 358; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 179, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: cf. Roth 1977, Nos. E32, E42; French: Montaiglon/Raynaud 1872ff. I, 194ff.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 42; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Roth 1977, No. D48, Grubm�ller 1996, 928ff.; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1969, No. 111; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. K1558, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II, 455f.; Bosnian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 326ff. No. 417, 329ff. No. 418, 338f. No. 419; Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 223; Polish: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 307f., No. 30; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1558; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 79; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A sculptor (icon-maker) and his wife want to put an end to the unwelcome attentions that the clergyman has been paying to the wife. She plans a meeting with the priest in the studio (in the church) and persuades him to take off his clothes (and paints his body). Surprised by the sudden appearance of the sculptor (icon-maker), the priest pretends to be Jesus standing before the cross among the sculptures (icons). The husband is about to castrate the figure (correct the sculpture) because the customer (bishop) supposedly does not like such a realistic representation. The priest runs away naked [K1558]. Cf. Types 1730, 1829.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. see the fabliau Le prestre crucifi�.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1360,Man Hidden in the Roof,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 273; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 398, 400; English: Wehse 1979, 126f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Italian: Papanti 1877, No. 2, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1360A; Jewish: Jason 1965; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. VI, No. 12; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with adultery, most of which are not clearly described in the regional type catalogs. Cf. Type 1776.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1360B,Flight of the Woman and her Lover from the Stable,"BP II, 18 not. 1.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 22�24; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917ff. I, No. 199(5); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 359; Livonian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 58; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 189ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 274; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 60; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 118, El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 165; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","When the husband is away from home a servant (guest, the husband himself) accidentally (from the roof) observes the housewife (his wife) with her lover (man, priest). When the servant is asked why he did so little work, he recites a verse that describes what he saw (he describes the event in the form of a story which he tells at dinner). The wife gives him money to stop telling the story [K1271.1.4.1]. He concludes by saying that it was only a dream [J1155]. In some Estonian variants the tale continues: Because there are too many guests, the housewife cannot receive her lover. One guest pretends to be the housewife and refuses to let the lover come in, but instead castrates the lover through the window.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1360C,Old Hildebrand,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 177f. No. 338; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 386; BP III, 373�380; Anderson 1931; Schmidt 1963, 327�342: Frenzel 1988, 321�323; EM 6 (1990) 1011�1017 (K. Roth); Dekker et al. 1997, 275�277.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 7; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Krypt�dia 2 (1884) 30ff., Dardy 1891, 285ff., Perbosc/Bru 1987, 67f.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 93, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 363, 364, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1360B; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 95, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 391f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 225�230, cf. No. 231; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3465; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 172ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 273; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 210, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian, Sri Lankan; Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 90�94; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","An unfaithful wife pretends to be ill and sends her husband for medicine. On his way the husband meets another man and has him carry him in a basket (sack, bundle of straw) back to his house, where his wife is entertaining her lover (the priest). They invite the man with the basket to eat with them. All three sing verses: first the wife, then the lover, then the guest. Often the husband in the basket sings the final verse. He comes out and a brawl ensues [K1556].",Documented in the 15th/16th century.,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1361,The Flood,"K�hler 1878; Varnhagen 1884b; Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 2, 384f.; Barnouw 1912; Lerner 1968; EM 4 (1984) 1391�1394 (E. Moser-Rath); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 548.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 25; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 351; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 56, B�dker et al. 1963, No. 20; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Lorenzo V�lez 1997, 101f.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1730, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976, Hogenelst 1997 II, No. 276; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 273, cf. II, No. 45, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 278, Moser-Rath 1984, 33, 127, 290, 383, 432, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 40, 112; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3514; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 355; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A clergyman (student) who wants to have a private meeting with a woman announces that a flood is coming. Her husband (carpenter, merchant, miller, farmer) tries to escape the flood in a tub tied up under the roof [K1522]. While the adulterous couple are enjoying themselves, another lover comes and wants to take part or at least to have a kiss. The wife (clergyman) puts her (his) backside out the window and invites the lover to kiss it [K1225]. He realizes he was tricked and, as if it were a second kiss, brands the backside of the clergyman with a hot iron [K1577]. When the clergyman cries for water, the husband in the tub thinks the flood is coming. He cuts the rope, falls to the ground, and injures himself (dies).","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Chaucer, The Miller�s Tale.","1000, 1004, 1007, 1029, and 1120."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1362,The Snow-Child,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 564; BP IV, 130; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 208; Wesselski 1931, 187; Wesselski 1936, 89; Langosch 1955, 87f.; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 199; Faral 1962, 219f.; R�hrich 1962f. I, No. 11; Beyer 1969, 81�86; Tubach 1969, No. 4451; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 43�61; Verfasserlexikon 6 (1986) 630�632 (V. Schupp); Haug 2001, 254; Schiewer 2003; EM: Schneekind (forthcoming).","Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Bondeson 1880, No. 24; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; English: cf. Roth 1977, No. E17; French: Delarue 1947, No. 8; German: Benzel 1965, No. 178, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, 444, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 6; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 80; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4451; Russian: Novikov 1961, No. 33.","(Modus Liebinc). The wife of a sailor (merchant) gives birth during her husband's absence. When he comes home, she explains that she had become pregnant from eating snow (an icicle). The man pretends to accept the child as his son. When the boy grows up, the father takes him on a trip and sells him. Later he explains to his wife that the boy melted and dripped into the sea [J1532.1].","This type has been widespread since the Middle Ages, oldest version, Modus Liebinc (10th/11th century), and see Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 12).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1362A*,The Three Months' Child,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 336; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 4; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 52, II 3, No. 136; Legman 1968f. I, 440; EM 3 (1981) 887�889 (E. Moser-Rath); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 848.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 26, 27; English: Wehse 1979, Nos. 187, 188; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 184, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 388, 389, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Merkens 1892ff. I, Nos. 165, 171, III, No. 205, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 498, cf. Kapfhammer 1974, 79, cf. Roth 1977, No. D49, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 290f., 413; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869, Tobler 1905, 121; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 83, MNK VII A, Nos. 1362A*1, 1362A*2; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 382; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 492, Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3370, 3680; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 54; Ukrainian: SUS; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 119, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1362A�; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, Dodge 1987, 94; African American: Dance 1978, No. 268; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1362A�.","Three months after the wedding, a young woman gives birth. Her husband thinks he has been cheated, but she (the priest) explains to him that he was married for three months, she was married for three months, and they were both together married for three months. This makes nine months in all, so he must recognize the child as his own [J2342, J2342.2]. In some variants the father is told that his premature son will surpass other children and become a good courier [J1276.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1362B*,Marrying a Man of Forty,"Marzolph 1987a, No. 12; Hansen 2002, 264�266.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 124; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3386; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.",A dying husband advises his wife to marry a man of the age of forty. She prefers to take two men of twenty [J2212.1.1].,Documented in Philogelos (No. 12).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1363,Tale of the Cradle,"Varnhagen 1886; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 86; Legman 1968f. I, 410; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 119�128; Hoven 1978, 62�64; EM 2 (1979) 1261; Ziegeler 1988; Verfasserlexikon 9 (1994) 461�464 (R. M. Kully); EM: Wiege: Die Erz�hlung von der W. (in prep.).","Lappish: Lagercratz 1957ff. I, No. 441; Danish: Skattegraveren 9 (1888) 164�166, No. 498; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Ehrentreich 1938, No. 4, Briggs 1970f. A II, 442ff.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 125; Dutch: Kruyskamp 1957, 38ff.; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 218; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1970, Nos. 119, 120; Dominican, Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1363*A.","Two traveling students spend the night in the house of a family with a beautiful wife and daughter. Everyone sleeps in the same room, with the youngest child in a cradle at the foot of the marriage bed. During the night one of the students sneaks into the bed of the daughter. When the mother leaves the room, the second student moves the cradle, so that when she comes back she mistakes his bed for hers and him for her husband. When the first student tries to go back to his own bed, he too is confused by the position of the cradle. He gets into bed with the father and, thinking that this is his friend, tells him what he has done. The father becomes angry and starts to beat the student. When the mother turns on the light, her lover puts the cradle back and moves his friend into their original bed. When she realizes what has happened, she tells her husband that they were visited by a demon. The students leave the following morning [K1345].","Early European versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (IX,6) and Chaucer, Reeve�s Tale.",1544.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1364,The Blood-brother's Wife,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 171f. No. 447; Hilka/S�derhjelm 1913, 1�15; Wesselski 1925, No. 2; Tubach 1969, No. 5287; Suchomski 1975, 129�135; EM 2 (1979) 528�532 (J. T. Bratcher); Frenzel 1988, 505�508; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 308; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 288, 455.","Lappish: Lagercratz 1957ff. II, No. 367; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. K1521; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Krypt�dia 1 (1883) 340, No. 2, 2 (1884) 55, No. 15; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 103; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 233f., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 63; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 79; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 71ff., Orso 1979, No. 270; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 190 (4), 266, 366; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 114, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Kurdish: Nebez 1972, 124ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1951, No. 35; Tatar: Paasonen/Karahka 1953, No. 19; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 275ff.; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 341; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 13; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 376ff., El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 66, El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 80; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: Artin Pacha 1895, No. 14, Nowak 1969, No. 341, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 30c, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A lover boasts to his good friend that he has had a narrow escape from the husband of his mistress. The lover does not realize that this friend is in fact the husband, and tells him the particulars of his plans for the future (the time of their next appointment, etc.). Unbeknownst to the lover, the husband uses this information to try to surprise the guilty pair. Three times the couple are surprised by the husband, but the lover escapes by hiding behind a curtain, under the bed, in a cupboard, in a cistern, etc. Later (at a banquet) the lover boasts about his liason and adventures. He is accused of misconduct and asked to confess. He saves himself by saying it was all a dream [J1155]. Cf. Type 1790.",Documented in the Latin poem Miles gloriosus (1175).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1365,The Obstinate Wife,"R�hrich 1962f. II, 307�322, 486�488; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2023, 5284; EM 3 (1981) 1077�1082 (E. Moser-Rath); Moser-Rath 1994a; Dekker et al. 1997, 201�203.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 28�33; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Bondeson 1882, No. 37; Norwegian: Kvideland 1977, 148; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 214; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 5, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 131, Moser-Rath 1984, 115f., 285, 287, 290f., Hubrich-Messow, Nos. 1365A�C (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: G�czi 1989, No. 114; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 219; Slovene: Vede 3 (1850) 402; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 344, IV, No. 372; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 115, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 434; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 23f.; Azerbaijan: Tachmasib 1958, 203; Kurdish: Dalila 1989, No. 221; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 78; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","This miscellaneous type refers to a circle of related anecdotes dealing with a married couple each of which insists on being right. The wife in particular is blamed for being obstinate. It combines episodes of the Types 1365A, 1365B, and 1365C.",NA,"1164, 1380."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1365A,Wife Falls into a Stream,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 186; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 506 not. 1; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 276; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 142; R�hrich 1962f. II, 307�322, 486�488; Tubach 1969, No. 5285; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 137�141; ZfVk. 72 (1976) 308; Verfasserlexikon 3 (1978) 963f. (H.-J. Ziegeler); EM 3 (1981) 1077�1082 (E. Moser-Rath); Dekker et al. 1997, 275f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 28�31; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 270; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1365; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1365AB; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 55, Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 47f.; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. T255.2, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 4; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 12, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 12; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 39; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 40, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 78, Moser-Rath 1984, 115f., 285, 287, 290f., Grubm�ller 1996, No. 10; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 28; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 31; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 3518; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 62, Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 176; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A woman who has been contrary all her life falls into a river. Her husband searches for her upstream because she would be too obstinate to go with the current [T255.2]. Cf. Types 1365B, 1365C.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 227).","1365B, 1380."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1365B,Cutting with the Knife or the Scissors,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 136; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 89; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 595; Tubach 1969, No. 2023; EM 3 (1981) 1077�1082 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 31, 32; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 270; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1365; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1365AB; Danish: Skattegraveren 11 (1889) 21f., No. 31, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 11, 625, Holbek 1990, No. 36; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 144; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 128, Goldberg 1998, No. T255.1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 390, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 78; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 33, Benzel 1965, No. 172, Moser-Rath 1984, 115f., 285, 287, 290f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 70; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5284/5285; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 37; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 20; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 388; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3519; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 284f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Turkmen: cf. Stebleva 1969, No. 64; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; English-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Burrison 1989, 38f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 57, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A wife argues with her husband, insisting that a meadow has been cut with scissors instead of a scythe (that he has cut his beard rather than shaved his face). The fight goes on until the angry husband pushes his wife into a river. As she drowns, she continues to argue by making scissors-motions with her fingers [T255.1]. Cf. Types 1365A, 1365C.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 222).","1164, 1365A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1365C,The Wife Insults the Husband as Lousy-head,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 595, II, No. 872; EM 3 (1981) 1077�1082 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 33; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1365; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 10; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 6, Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 223, Joisten 1971 II, No. 213; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. T255.3, Chevalier 1983, No. 129, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 6; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, Nos. 146, 184, II, No. 315, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 692; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 237, Bodens 1937, No. 1182, Peuckert 1959, No. 208, Benzel 1962, No. 223, Kapfhammer 1974, 107, Moser-Rath 1984, 115f., 285, 287, 290f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3520; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: Zelenin 1914, No. 30; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Indian: cf. Beck et al. 1987, No. 49; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 14; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 110; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 335f.","A wife accuses her husband of being a lousy-head (i.e. being a miser). He throws her into the river. Even as she sinks, she continues to accuse him by holding up her hands and snapping her fingers together as if she is cracking lice [T255.3]. Cf. Types 1365A, 1365B.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 221). Further early literary treatment, see Poggio, Liber facetiarum (No. 59).",1164.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1365D,Thank God the Basket Is Ready,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 23; Wesselski 1914, 61; EM 8 (1996) 281f. (W. Loepthien).","German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 198, Peuckert 1932, Nos. 230, 231, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 113, Moser-Rath 1984, 114; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 9.","Each time when a basketmaker finishes a basket he wants his wife to say 'Thanks God the basket is ready.' When his wife refuses to obey, he beats her. Other men (judge, lawyer, overseer, farmhand) of the happening who witness this tell the story to their wives. Those who would also not have been refused utter the thanks and are beaten by their husbands as well.","Early versions in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der kr�merskorb (1553, 1554) und Der korbleinmacher (1550).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1365E,The Quarrelsome Couple,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 95; Schwarzbaum 1968, 48; EM 3 (1981) 1077�1082 (E. Moser-Rath), 1114.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 34, 35; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1365F*, 1365J*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1365F*, 1365H*; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 93, Chevalier 1983, Nos. 130, 131, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 293, 300, 301, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 186, Rey-Henningsen 1996, Nos. 3, 4; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 1365D*; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 427, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 602, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1365D*, 1365F*, 1365H*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1365G*, 1365H*; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 115f., 285, 287, 290f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 116, Berger 2001, No. 1365F**; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1365H*; Hungarian: MNK VII A, Nos. 1365F*, 1365H*, 1365J*, 1365L*; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 3, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 220; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 21; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3517, 3521�3523; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1365F*, 1365H*�1365K*, *1365L*, *1365K**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1365F*, 1365H*, 1365J*; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 22; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1365F*, 1365J*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1365K*, 1365A**; Turkish: Boratav 1955, No. 21; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1365K*, Haboucha 1992, No. 1365J*; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 221; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1365F*; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 8; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1365J*; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 48; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1365J*; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1365D*; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 142; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 34; Spanish-American: Rael 1957, No. 77; Cuban, Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 1365D*; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1365D*, 1365E*.","(Including the previous Types 1365D*'1365K*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with married couples who quarrel about some minor problem, such as which of them should have the third of three eggs (previously Type 1365D*), whose is the hair that is in the soup (previously Type 1365E*), or whether the holes in the floor were made by rats or by mink (previously Type 1365G*). Or, the husband always asks the wife for the opposite of what he wants (previously Type 1365J*). Sometimes they argue about the kinds and sizes of birds (previously Type 1365H*) or other trivialities, and the wife lets herself be buried alive rather than give in (previously Type 1365F*). In some variants the husband is so stubborn that he lets himself be buried rather than give in to his wife.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1366*,The Cowering Husband (previously The Slippered Husband),"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 154.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 36, 37; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Spanish: Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 61; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 80; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 69; German: Neumann 1968b, 70, 158; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, No. 250; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3671; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 23, cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1375; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","A wife beats her husband regularly. In order to escape her blows, he cowers under the table (bed). When she orders him to come out, he replies that in his own house he can certainly make his own decisions [T251.6].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1367,Trickster Shifts Married Couples in Bed,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 395� 397; BP III, 394; Anderson 1923, 364.","Livonian: Set�l�/Kyr�l� 1953, No. 23; French: Luzel 1967, No. 30; German: Toeppen 1867, 165, Behrend 1912, Nos. 10, 17, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IV, No. 1Kel/3/502; Italian: Busk 1874, 348; Hungarian: Kr�za 1990, 99f.; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 285.","For financial reasons, a young woman marries an old man and a young man marries an old woman. They are unhappy with their spouses. A magician, in order to demonstrate his powers to a nobleman, rearranges the couples while they are asleep. In the morning, the young people are happy and want to stay together. But the old people are displeased and ask a nobleman to decide the case. He decides that they should go back to the partners that they had originally married [K1318]. Cf. Type 905A*.","Documented since the Middle Ages, e.g. Cento novelle antiche (No. 53).",922.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1367*,Better to Hang than to Marry an Evil Woman (previously To Live with Evil Woman),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 233.","Dutch: Tiel 1855, 147; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bodens 1936, No. 25, Moser-Rath 1984, 189, 287, 290; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 129; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1366*, Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3542.","A pilgrim is convicted of a crime and is sentenced either to pay a fine or to have his eyes put out (be executed). He has no money so he is brought, blindfolded, to the place of execution. A rich but ugly woman offers to pay the fine for him if he will marry her. When his blindfold is removed and he sees her, he asks to have it replaced, saying that it is better not to see at all than to have always to look at something so unpleasant. The judge lets him go free. Cf. Types 1164, 1170.","Documented since the Middle Ages, e.g. Cento novelle antiche (No. 115).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1367**,Double the Fee,"Ranke 1979, 165 No. 59.","Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 92; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 76; German: Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 98, Ranke 1955 III, 258f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 471.","When his master dies, a farmhand marries the widow although he had been warned against this (she cannot manage money, does not know how to keep house). While doing housework, she injures her arm. The new husband pays the doctor twice for the treatment, saying that her other arm will need it soon. From then on the wife does her work properly.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1368,Marriage to a Small Woman: The Smaller Evil,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 208; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 145; BP IV, 329; Schwarzbaum 1983; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 276; Moser-Rath 1994a, 385.","Spanish: Medrano 1878, 171; German: Lyrum larum I (1700) No. 87, Joh. P. de Memel (1656) No. 581, Schreger, Studiosus jovialis (1752) No. 8, Schreger, Zeitvertreiber (1753) No. 114, Schreger, Zeitvertreiber (1754) No. 188 (EM archive), Moser-Rath 1978, 48, Moser-Rath 1984, 103, 390 No. 92; Italian: Rotunda 1942, Nos. J229.10, J1442.16; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1929, No. 5; Jewish: EM 7 (1993) 651.","A man is asked why he married such a small woman. He explains that it is the smaller evil [J1442.13, J229.10].","Classical origin: Plutarch, Moralia (I,548).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1368**,The Nine Skins of the Women,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 131 No. 122; Stiefel 1898b, 163�168; Bolte 1901a, 258; Geisberg/Strauss 1974 I, 159; EM 4 (1984) 1348f.; EM 5 (1987) 122 not 130; Harms/Kemp 1987, 44f.","Danish: D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 191f.; German: Melander (1604) No. 485, cf. No. 595 (EM archive), Moser-Rath 1978, 47f.; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 84; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 52; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 758B�; Palestinian: Rosenhouse 1984, 224ff., El-Shamy 2004.","Two men discuss about the animal (bad) characteristics of women. They come to the conclusion that those charactertraits result from several (nine, four, three) animal skins women possess. The skins have to be beaten off one by one. Only the ninth is the real human skin and only with this skin will a woman behave well, be piously and obedient [A1371.2].","Documented in the 5th century by Stobaios, Florilegium.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1369,The Woman's Tree,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 530; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 637; Hoj 1968; Tubach 1969, No. 4978; Schenda 1970, 331; EM 1 (1977) 1377�1379 (K. Ranke); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 512.","German: Haltrich 1885, 150, Rehermann 1977, 385f. No. 3, Moser-Rath 1984, 103, Moser-Rath 1994c, 385; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, No. 135; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. J1442.11.1; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 11; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3403, 3412; Jewish: Bar-Hebraeus/Budge 1897, 1, 4, Schwarzbaum 1983, 59f.; Azerbaijan: Tachmasib 1958, 178f.","A woman (several women) hangs herself from her husband's fig tree. When he tells his neighbor about this misfortune, the neighbor asks for a twig from the tree. He wants to plant it in his garden, saying that he hopes it will bear similar fruit (to see what his wife will do) [J1442.11, J1442.11.1].","Classical origin: Cicero, De oratore (II, 69, 278), Quintilian, Institutionis oratoriae (VI,3,88), Plutarch, Antonius (70) and Diogenes Laertios (VI,2,52). In the Middle Ages documented e.g. by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones communes (Jacques de Vitry/Frenken, No. 68) and Gesta Romanorum (No. 33). Rich documentation in sources of the 16th�18th centuries.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1370,The Lazy Wife Is Reformed (previously The Lazy Wife),"Child 1882ff. V, No. 277; Bolte 1908; EM 5 (1987) 144�148 (H.-J. Uther); Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1573f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 39; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 271; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1370*; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. XII, No. 284, Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 48; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 123, Chevalier 1983, Nos. 133, 134; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984 II, Nos. 398, 400, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 53, Preu� 1912, 14ff., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 469; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927 I, No. 105; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 390, 391, 393, 395; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 217ff., 499f., Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5118, 5152; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 62; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 58.","A young man marries a rich (beautiful) woman. He knows she is lazy, but promises not to beat her (he finds out how lazy she is only after the marriage). Before he leaves he orders the cat (dog, donkey, purse, animal hide) to do the housework. When he returns and finds that the work has not been done, he asks his wife to hold the animal (object) while he beats it for its disobedience. The blows fall on the wife as well as on the animal. After this happens once (twice, three times), the wife does the housework without complaining [W111.3.2]. Cf. Types 901, 901B*.","Documented in the 15th century, e.g. by J�rg Zobel, Der Schwank von der faulen Frau und der Katze.",901.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1370B*,Wife too Lazy to Spin,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 201f., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Haltrich 1956, No. 68; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 413, Jech 1961, No. 43; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 31; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004.","A lazy woman refuses to spin. When her husband pretends to be dead, she wraps his body in flax (wool). He gets up and beats her for not putting a shirt on him even when he is dead [W111.3.5].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1370C*,Miscellaneous Tales of a Lazy Woman (previously Stopping the Milk Pail),,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. *1370D*�1370F*; Hungarian: MNK VII A, Nos. 1370D*�1370F*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1370E*�*1370H*, *1370B**, *1370G**, *1370B***; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1370C*, 1370E*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1370D*, 1370E**; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1370D*, 1370E*, 1370D**, 1370D***, 1370E***, 1371B*; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 1370D*; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 1370D***, 1370E**; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 1370C**, 1371B*.",This miscellaneous type contains various tales dealing with lazy women and the results of their laziness.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1371A*,Darkening the Flour,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 53; Russian: SUS.","A man steals white flour so that his wife can bake a cake for their guests. When he comes home, he is afraid that his theft will be discovered, but his wife reassures him that she will bake the cake so dark that it will seem to have been made from rye flour.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1372,The Box on the Ears,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 444; EM 10 (2002) 253�255 (B. Steinbauer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 40; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 272, 284(1�2); Livonian Loorits 1926, No. 1370*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 184, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 453�455, 508, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 50; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 45; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 239, Peuckert 1959, No. 224, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 147, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 178, Berger 2001, Hubrich-Messow (forthcoming); Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 417f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3690; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1372, cf. Nos. 1752, 1810A; US-American: Dorson 1952, 149.","A farmer goes to get medicine for his sick wife. But instead of medicine the pharmacist (doctor) gives him a beating (because he offends the pharmacist, enters the shop dirty, rings the night bell too loudly, or demonstrates his wife's sickness in an offensive manner). The farmer returns home, and believing that this is the medicine, gives his wife a box on the ear. This cures her miraculously. Not needing the remaining boxes on the ear, the farmer 'takes' them back to the pharmacist [J2494]. Cf. Type 1344.",NA,"1641, 1696."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1372*,The Wife's Disease,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 351, 352, II, No. 15; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1372(2); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1372**; Jewish: Jason 1965; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A woman pretends to suffer from a disease that can only be cured if all her wishes are fulfilled (if someone brings food for her from the delicatessen). When her husband pretends to catch a similar (the same) disease, she takes care of him and is cured of her 'illness' [J1511.3].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1373,The Weighed Cat,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 348, cf. No. 87; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 24; Schwarzbaum 1968, 55; cf. EM 3 (1981) 1098; EM 7 (1993) 1109�1111 (U. Marzolph); Marzolph 1992 I, 75�77, II, No. 65.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 351, 352, II, No. 15; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Tiel 1855, 40; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 495; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 450; Bulgarian: BFP; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tadzhik: Dechoti 1958, 42f.; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man brings some meat home, but his wife eats it secretly. When he asks what happened to it, she says that the cat ate it. The husband weighs the cat and, finding that it weighs the same as the meat he had bought, says, 'Here is the meat, but where is the cat' [J1611].","Fundamental idea see al-hiz, The Misers, Persian adaptations from the 13th century, European adaptations from the 17th century.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1373A,Wife Eats so Little,EM 4 (1984) 476�478 (E. Moser-Rath).,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt1999f. II; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 369; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 302�306, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 187, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 106, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 240, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 61, Moser-Rath 1984, 405, 456; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 II, No. 85; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 12; Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. S411.4, Beck 1987, No. 46; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 36; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *1374; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 378.","A (newly-married) woman eats very little in the presence of her husband (she pretends she is too sick to eat). When her husband is away, she eats well. He discovers her deception and punishes her (he exposes her pretence, ridicules her, beats her) [K1984.2, S411.4]. Cf. Types 1407, 1458.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Die pawrin mit dem grosen gses (1556).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1373A*,Wife Says Cat Ate the Meat,EM 4 (1984) 477.,"Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 46; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 147, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1373A*; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 378.","A man brings some meat home, but his wife eats it secretly and says that the cat ate it. He complains to a witch, who gives him some magic beans (nuts, stones). He puts them in the house where they speak to the wife and warn her against such selfishness [D1619.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1373B*,Daughter Offers Father her Own Flesh (previously Girl Eats Chicken) [K492],EM 4 (1984) 477; Fabula 40 (1999) 140.,"Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 47, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 243B; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K492; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *1374B.","A daughter secretly eats the chicken intended for the family meal. Instead, she serves her father meat from her own breast (buttocks). When he asks for more of this delicious meat, her ruse is exposed. (Parrot, chicken, or turkey tells the man what he has eaten.)",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1374*,Woman who Doesn't Know how to Bake Bread,,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1445*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1445*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 7, Kristensen 1900, No. 254�256; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 217; German: cf. Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 73; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 57; Macedonian: Eschker 1986, No. 77, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 401; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3754; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1445*; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1445*; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 50; Iranian: Marzolph 1984.","(Including the previous Type 1445*.) A young wife does not know how to knead (bake) bread. Her father-in-law (mother) says the bread will succeed only if she sweats from her forehead and backside when she is kneading it (she should continue to knead until the front of the oven [her forehead] sweats). She follows his advice and touches these parts of her body again and again while she kneads in order to see if she is sweating. (A neighbor advises her to add a handful of dirt, which she does.) [J2499.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1375,Who Can Rule his Wife (Including the previous Type 1366A*,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, No. 74; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 16; Tubach 1969, Nos. 702, 742, 2023, 2408; Moser-Rath 1972; Moser 1972; Moser-Rath 1978; EM 3 (1981) 751; Metken 1996; Dekker et al. 1997, 145�147; EM 10 (2002) 510�515 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 38; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1366A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1366A*; Swedish: EU, No. 547 ( 7), Liungman 1961, No. 1375*; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 121, Kristensen 1900, No. 12, Stroebe 1915 I, 161, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 2, Holbek 1990, No. 37; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1366A*, 1375; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 110ff., 115; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1946f., No. 188, Rey-Henningsen 1996, Nos. 1, 2, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1366A*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 1366A*; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 31, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1934, 42, Sinninghe 1943, No. 905*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1366A*, 1375A*, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 46, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 44; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 194, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 194, Moser-Rath 1984, 117f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3531, 3673; Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 179, BFP, Nos. 1366A*, *1366**, *1366B*, *1366B**; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 30, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS, No. 1366A*; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1366A*; Burmese: Esche 1976, 70f.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1375A*; US-American: Dorson 1964, 82f.",") This type exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A man goes on a journey to discover whether husbands or wives have more power. He takes along two (more) horses (symbols of masculinity) and many eggs (nuts, hens, other symbols of femininity, agricultural products that belong to the female sphere of work). Wherever a husband rules the house, the traveler gives him a horse, and wherever a wife is the master, she receives an egg. There is a great demand for eggs [T252.1]. Finally the traveler finds a man who claims to be master. When this man chooses a horse, his wife contradicts him and he has to settle for an egg. (2) A ham is offered as a price to any man who does not regret his marriage vow during the following year (and a day), or who can prove that he is not afraid of his wife. (3) A piece of bacon is hung at the city gate with a written message: 'It will go to whichever husband will swear that his wife does not dominate him.' The farmer who claims the bacon refuses to hide it under his smock, because he is afraid of what his wife will say if he gets marks from the fat on his Sunday coat. (4) A priest asks all the men who consider themselves to be masters of their house to sing the song 'Christ Is Risen'. All the men are silent and all the women (only one man) sing. Or the priest sings the song by himself. The next year, even he is silent, because now he has a housekeeper.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones communes (Jacques de Vitry/Frenken, No. 61). Known as proverbial phrase, �To stand Upon one�s pantoufles�.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1376A*,How a Husband Cures his Wife of Fairy Tales (previously Story-teller Interrupted by Woman),,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: cf. Kerbelyt 1978, No. 128; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 16; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","The wife of an innkeeper loves to hear stories so much that she allows travelers who tell stories to stay for free at the inn (only storytellers to stay). This ruins the innkeeper and he wants to cure her of her habit. A traveler comes who offers to tell stories throughout the night on the condition that the woman does not interrupt him. But when he repeats the same story over and over she finally stops him. Her husband beats her for this breach of promise, and so she loses her interest in storytelling.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1377,The Husband Locked out,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 205 No. 65, VI, 82ff. No. 251, VIII, 184f. No. 224, IX, 23 No. 12; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 581; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 79; Wesselski 1909, No. 67; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 350; Basset 1924ff. II, 127 No. 57; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 678; Rotunda 1935; Tubach 1969, No. 5246; Spies 1973b, 183f.; Fehling 1986; Schwarzbaum 1989a, 283�285; Lundt 1997, 285�312; EM 11,1 (2003) 73�77 (B. Lundt).","Swedish: Liungman 1961; French: Soupault 1963, No. 25; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1511; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1511; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 4, Sinninghe 1943, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 331; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 90; German: Dittmaier 1950, Nos. 159, 477, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 79, Benzel 1965, No. 171, cf. Neumann 1968b, No. 262, Moser-Rath 1984, 119, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 117; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 143f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5246; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 24; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 146ff., 491, Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3484, 3502, 3511; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian, Palestinian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Spanish-American: TFSP 32 (1964) 53; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: Klipple 1992.","(Puteus.) When an adulteress comes home to her husband late at night, he refuses to let her come in the house. She threatens to throw herself into the well. When the husband runs outside to prevent this, she goes into the house and locks him out [K1511].","Indian origin, see ukasaptati. Rich documentation in European sources of the Middle Ages, e.g. Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 14) and Boccaccio, Decamerone (VII,4).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1378,The Marked Coat in the Wife's Room,"Chauvin 1892ff., VI, 173 No. 331A, VIII, 57f. No. 23.","Portuguese: Melo 1991, 45f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1543; Italian: cf. Arx 1909, No. 39; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 95; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1353A�, 1378; Palestinian, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1353A�; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 1378A; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1353A�, 1378; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1353A�; Niger: cf. Petites S�urs de J�sus 1974, No. 17; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1353A�.","A matchmaker finds a wife for her client. She leaves a man's coat in the woman's room and marks it. The woman's husband discovers the coat and, thinking that his wife is an adulteress, casts her out. The wife goes to the client. In order to reconcile the man and his wife, the matchmaker goes to the husband and asks him if he found a coat with a particular mark on it. The husband realizes that it was she who left the coat. He regrets having been suspicious of his wife and takes her back [K1543].",Oriental origin (Seven Wise Men).,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1378A*,The Husband in the Tavern,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 25; Russian: SUS.","A wife goes to look for her husband in a tavern. Having found out how much he usually spends for drink, she demands twice that amount of money for herself.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1378B*,Wife's Temporary Success,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, 464; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A wife insists on getting the better of her husband. For a while the husband lets her have her way. Then (because she did not pay the taxes) he beats her (and she becomes more tractable).,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1379,Wife Deceives Husband with Substituted Bedmate,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 331; Legman 1968f. I, 706; El-Shamy 1999, No. 28.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 41; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K1843; English: Roth 1977, Nos. E56, E57, cf. No. E55; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1441*; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, 138, cf. Roth 1977, No. D53, Moser-Rath 1984, 128; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 246; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Neuman 1954, No. K1843; Palestinian, Persian Gulf, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1994a, 137ff.; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1843; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man intends to commit adultery and plans a rendezvous with the maidservant. The maidservant tells his wife about it and she decides to go herself. At the last moment the husband hesitates and orders his servant to take his place. Later he meets the maidservant, who tells him that his wife had taken her place. The husband rushes to stop them, but he is too late [K1843, K1843.2]. Cf. Type 1441*.","Early literary treatments see Boccaccio, Decamerone (III,9) and Poggio, Liber facetiarum (nos. 238, 270).",1441*.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1379*,False Members,"Legman 1968f. I, 376f., II, 650; Uther 1981, 88; EM 9 (1999) 1132.","English: Wehse 1979, Nos. 197, 239, 499, 500; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Austrian: cf. Kunz 1995, 144; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 136; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 169; US-American: Randolph 1976, 60f., Panake/Panake 1990, 143; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 45; African American: Dance 1978, Nos. 232A, 232B, Burrison 1989, 183; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **1379; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1379A*�.","On the wedding night the bridegroom watches his new wife remove her artificial limbs (false breasts, wooden leg), wig, dentures, and a glass eye. Finally he says, 'Throw me your backside for a pillow!'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1379**,The Sailor and the Oar,"Georges 1966, No. 2; Dorson 1976, 127�144; Hansen 1976; Moser 1979, 120�123; Hansen 1990; Hansen 2002, 371�378.","Spanish: Ranke 1972, No. 12; Catalan: Roure-Torent 1948, 47f.; Greek: Hamilton 1910, Nos.1, 18, Rmaios 1973, No. 18; US-American: Dorson 1964, 38f., Randolph 1976, 138f.","A sailor (Odysseus, St. Nicholas, St. Elias) is tired of the sea after many adventures. He walks inland with his oar hoping to find a place where no one has ever seen the sea or tasted its salt (salted food) [F111.7]. Eventually he meets a man (woman) who thinks his oar is a winnowing shovel (bread paddle, ladle, piece of wood) and thus proves his ignorance [J1772]. The sailor makes offerings to the gods [V11.9] and constructs altars on the mountain peaks. Or he marries the woman, who on her wedding night proves to be more knowledgable than she had admitted.","Classical origin: Homer, Odyssey (XI,119�139 and XXIII,266�283).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Stories About Married Couples 1350-1439,NA,1379***,One-eyed Man Marries,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, 340; Frey/Bolte 1896, Nos. 50, 131; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 6; Hoven 1978, 121f.; Verfasserlexikon 1 (1978) 837f. (H. Heger); EM 3 (1981) 1193�1197 (H.-J. Uther).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 253; Dutch: Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, 277f.; German: Lundorf (1610) No. 71, Han�wurst (1718) 322 (EM archive), Uther 1981, 81, Moser-Rath 1984, 98; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. J1545.10*; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 119.","The beautiful daughter of a poor knight marries a rich blind man. On the wedding night the blind man notices that she is not a virgin anymore. He reproaches her and she replies that the loss of his eyes would be a greater defect. Her blind husband explains that this injury was caused by his enemies. The young woman thereupon tells him not to reproach her, because her friends caused her defect.","Documented in Petrarch, Epistulae familiares (VII,14*,2), and in Heinrich Bebel, Facetiae (II,6). Horace, Satirae (I,3,40) gives an allusion.",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1875,The Boy on the Bear's (Wolf's) Tail,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 410f.; Delarue 1953, 36f., 39f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 196; EM 7 (1993) 751�757 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Dekker et al. 1997, 170�172.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 161�167, 201; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 398; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 2; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 72; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 127, Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 395�400, 402, 404�408, II, Nos. 500�502, Holbek 1999, No. 53; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cadic 1955, No. 21, Massignon 1953, No. 29, Massignon 1968, No. 61, Joisten 1971 II, No. 270; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 251; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 22, 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976, Lox 1999a, No. 6; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 295, Merkelbach-Pinck 1940, 311, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 203; Italian: Schenda 1996, No. 8; Maltese: Stumme 1904, No. 36; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 94; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 55; Slovene: Zupanc 1944b, 88f.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 105; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 38; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Krzyanowski 1965, 62; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 314; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 1875A*; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 134�136; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 26, VI, No. 31; US-American: Baughman 1966, Burrison 1989, 151f.","A boy (man, girl, woman) becomes lost (has run away from home or from his master, etc.). (In the forest,) he meets robbers (thieves, Gypsies, Indians) who put him into a cask. A wolf (fox, dog, bear) comes to eat the robbers' leftovers (sniffs at the cask). The boy reaches out through a hole and seizes the animal by its tail (so that it cries out). It runs away dragging the cask behind it until the cask breaks. Often the boy discovers that he has been taken back home. (The animal loses its tail or is killed.) [X1133.3]. Cf. Types 1229, 1653, 1900. There is a northern group of variants in which a cabin boy annoys the crew with his pranks (bad work, stupid conversation) or is blamed for a dangerous storm. The sailors throw him into the water in a cask along with some provisions (including honey) and tools. When he comes to a shore, he bores a hole and smears it with honey. Thus he lures a bear (fox, cow) and seizes its tail.","Buddhist roots, see the Indian Jtaka (No. 51). In Europe documented in the 14th century by Franco Sacchetti (No. 17). Literary treatment, see J. Fraser, A Tale of the Sea and other Poems (1870).","121, 327, 1061, 1088, 1408C, 1525H4, 1535, 1537, 1829, 1875, 1880, 1881, 1889, 1889E, 1890, 1895, and 1910."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1876,Cf,NA,NA,Type 1408C.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1876*,The Successful Hunter (previously Releasing the Rabbit),,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 47; Frisian: Kooi 1984a.",A hunter shoots a captured rabbit tied to a pole. He hits the string and breaks it. The rabbit escapes.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1877*,The Boy in the Hollow Tree,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 163, 166; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 224ff., 500; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A young man plunges into (hides in) a hole in a tree. Woodcutters come to take the tree down. The young man speaks from inside the tree. This frightens them so that they run away, leaving their equipment (bread, horse) behind [X1854.1].",NA,1881.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1880,Riding on the Cannonball (previously The Boy has a Hat of Butter),"Feilberg 1886ff. II, 87; Dekker et al. 1997, 255�260; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015, esp. 1014 (G. Thomas).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 165, 167�171, 174; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: istov 1958, 53ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 2, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 46; Dutch: Huizenga-Onnekes 1928f. II, No. 20, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1355; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Frischbier 1867, No. 87, Fox 1943, 108, Tomkowiak 1993, 274; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A man (soldier) who wants to enter a fortress jumps onto a cannonball that has been shot from a cannon. Half way there, he reconsiders his plan and decides not to go after all. He jumps onto another cannonball that has been shot in the other direction and rides it back home [X1852, X1853]. Cf. Type 1889J.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 4).","707, 1875."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1881,The Man Carried through the Air by Geese,"Bolte 1914, 81�83; Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 130f.; Randolph 1955, 203f.; EM 5 (1987) 685; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015, esp. 1014 (G. Thomas).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 162, 176, 185, 189, 203; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 3; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 70; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 393, 394, 396, 397, 399, 401�403, II, Nos. 88, 89, 94, 95, 459, 500, Holbek 1990, No. 53; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 271.1; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 127f., Zaunert 1922f. II, 245, Peuckert 1932, No. 292, Moser-Rath 1966, No. 59, Neumann 1968b, No. 36, Tomkowiak 1993, 274; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 870; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 57; Hungarian: MNK VIII, Nos. 1881, 1894A*; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. I, 332ff., IV, 425f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 106; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1890; French-Canadian: Baughman 1966; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, 72; US-American: Randolph 1955, 101f., Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 44.","A man (farmer, hunter) catches geese (ducks, cranes) by tying bread (bacon, worms) to a string. The geese come, eat the bread, and become tied one after another to the string. (A man catches geese by giving them liquor to drink and then ties them all to a string.) The hunter tries to take them home, but on the way they suddenly all fly up at once and lift him up in the air. They take him to his house and set him down. He climbs home down through the chimney [X1258.1]. Cf. Types 1408C, 1894.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2). Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (nos. 34, 36, cf. Nos. 37, 59, and 62).","1408C, 1877*, 1875, 1882, 1889, 1894, 1895, 1900, and 1910."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1881*,Parrots Fly Away with Tree,,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 50f.; Australian: Scott 1985, 21f.; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. X1252aa; Nicaraguan: Robe 1973; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**M.","A man is annoyed by loud birds (parrots, crows) sitting in a tree. He climbs the tree and smears syrup on the branches. When the birds alight there again, he frightens them (with fireworks). The birds fly up carrying the tree with the man still in it along with them (to a city) [X1252].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1882,The Man who Fell Out of a Balloon,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 322f.; BP II, 506�516; EM 1 (1977) 1032f. (E. Moser-Rath); EM 2 (1979) 588; EM: Seil aus Sand (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 162, 173, 176, 179, 180, 206, 209, 211; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 394; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 382; Irish: M�ller-Lisowski 1923, No. 27; French: Luzel 1887 III, 447ff.; Dutch: Huizenga-Onnekes 1928f. II, No. 20, Krosenbrink 1968, 205f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1932, 116f., Hen�en 1935, No. 293, Benzel 1965, No. 139, Tomkowiak 1993, 274, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 229, 230, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 86; Hungarian: MNK VIII, No. 1882, cf. No. 1889R*; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 47; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 264, 307, II, 533, 561; Slovene: Zupanc 1932, 39ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 191; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 104, Dolenec 1972, No. 21, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 53; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 213f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Simonides 1979, Nos. 190, 201; Russian: L�wis of Menar 1914, No. 17, Nikiforov/Propp 1961, 60f., cf. SUS, No. 1882A; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 164ff., cf. SUS, No. 1882A; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 1882A; Gypsy: MNK X 1; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Randolph 1955, 128ff., 213f., Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 44.","A man is carried to heaven in a balloon (by a bird [X1258.1] (cf. Type 1881), in an airplane). He tries to climb back down to earth on a rope (of sand, flax, chaff [X1757, cf. Type 1889E), but the rope is too short (breaks). The man falls and becomes stuck in the ground up to his neck. He runs home to get an axe (spade) to dig himself out [X1731.2.1] (cf. X1733.1). Cf. Type 1882A, 1962.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 6).","852, 1174, 1881, 1889, 1889E, 1889F, 1890, 1900, 1920C, 1960A, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1882A,Man Caught in Log (Cleft Tree) Goes Home to Get Axe,EM 1 (1977) 1032f. (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 177, 178, 182, 212; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1965, 137ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 416; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Thudt/Richter 1971, 74f.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 44; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, Nos. 47, 49; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 533; Serbian: Eschker 1986, No. 72; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 213f.; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 95; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; US-American: Roberts 1954, No. 4.",A man is caught in a tree trunk (hole in a tree). He goes home and gets an axe to cut himself free. Cf. Type 1882.,NA,"1889ff., 1920C, and 1930."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1886,A Man Drinks from his Own Skull,"BP II, 514.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Benzel 1980, No. 260; Hungarian: MNK VIII, No. 1886, cf. Nos. 18861, 18862; Serbian: cf. Eschker 1986, No. 72; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 104, Dolenec 1972, No. 21, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 53; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS, No. 1886, cf. No. 1885*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 79; Kazakh: cf. Sidel�nikov 1952, 42ff.; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 1886A*; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, cf. No. 44.","A man takes his skull off and drinks from it (carries water in it, uses it to break ice). The skull falls into the water and a duck builds her nest inside it.",NA,1920H.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1887*,Cattle Merchant's Voyage Across the Sea,,"Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1887, cf. No. 1887**; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","A man floats across the sea on a raft. One after another, he brings a herd of cattle across to the opposite shore. He himself rides along with the last animal, holding on to its tail.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889,M'nchhausen Tales,"EM 1 (1977) 983�989 (E. Moser-Rath/J. R. Reaver); K�stlin 1980; Dekker et al. 1997, 255�260; EM 9 (1999) 1005�1008 (D. Bachmann-Medick); EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 174, 175; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 302(12), 399, 400; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 53; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 245; French: Delarue 1947, No. 21; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 212ff. nos. 132, 133; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1883, Koopmans/Verhuyck 1991, No. 42; Frisian: Kooi 1884; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, Nos. 2, 6; German: Busch 1910, No. 31, Hen�en 1963, No. 83a, Moser-Rath 1984, 34f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Jech 1959, No. 32; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 428, Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 65, 232f., 233, Ga�par�kov� 1981b, No. 61; Slovene: Mailly 1916, 70; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 39; Byelorussian: �ejn 1893, No. 57, Zelenin 1914, No. 50; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 8ff.; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 55; Tungus: Suvorov 1960, 67; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 44; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, Nos. 87�89; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with exaggerations and lies [X900ff.]. Cf. i.a. Types 513A, 654, 1880, 1881, 1889A'P, 1890, 1894, 1896, 1910, and 1930.","The M�nchhausen tales (M�nchhausen, M�nchhausen/B�rger) are popular esp. in northern and central Europe and in North America.","1875, 1889ff., 1895, and 1920."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889A,Shooting Off the Leader's Tail,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 255; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 26; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 748; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 192; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 1889A, 1897*, Kooi 1986, 123f.; German: Fox 1942, Nos. 39, 40, Dittmaier 1950, No. 516, Tomkowiak 1993, 274; Slovene: Vrtec 23 (1893) 16; US-American: Dorson 1964, 75ff., Baughman 1966.",A blind bear (wild sow) follows after a young bear (young boar) by holding its tail in his mouth. A hunter separates them by shooting a bullet through the young bear's tail. He leads the blind bear home by holding on to the amputated tail of the young bear [X1124.1].,"Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 52). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 3, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).","1882A, 1890."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889B,Hunter Turns Animal Inside Out,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 II 3, No. 115; Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 132; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 186, 202; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 70; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 389; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 288, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 123f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 506, Cammann 1967, No. 77, Tomkowiak 1993, 274; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Byelorussian: SUS; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 43, Burrison 1989, 175; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 221; Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A hunter thrusts his fist into the mouth of an animal (wolf, bear) and reaches his arm in up to his shoulder. He seizes the animal's tail (intestines) and turns it inside-out [X1124.2].","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 31). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 4, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).","1890F, 1894, and 1895."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889C,Fruit Tree Grows from Head of Deer,"Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 132; cf. Basset 1924ff. I, 276 No. 20; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Luzel 1887 III, No. 8, Joisten 1971 II, No. 272; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Benzel 1965, No. 210, cf. Thudt/Richter 1971, 23f., Tomkowiak 1993, 274; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 483; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1889C, cf. No. *1889C1; Dagestan: Kapieva 1951, 27ff.; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 52; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 280; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Roberts 1954, No. 5, Chase 1958, No. 16, Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 45; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**G; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",A hunter uses a cherry pit to shoot a deer. A year or two later he recognizes the animal by the cherry tree that has grown between its antlers. This time he kills it [X1130.2].,"Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 4, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).","1889C, 1889D, 1890, 1895, 1900, 1920, 1960D, and 1960M."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889D,Tree Grows Out of Horse and Gives Rider Shade,EM 1 (1977) 1384; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).,"French: Luzel 1887 III, 447ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Thudt/Richter 1971, 74f., Benzel 1980, No. 260; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 86; Hungarian: MNK VIII, No. 1889D1; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 43; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 49, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 104; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 362; Burjat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; US-American: Chase 1948, No. 22.","The broken backbone of a horse is repaired by a smith who pieces it together with a laurel sapling. The sapling grows into a tree which provides shade for the rider [X1130.2.1]. Cf. Types 1911A, 1961.",NA,Usually in combination with 1889E and 1889P.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889E,Descent from Sky on Rope of Sand (Chaff),"BP II, 506�516; Schwarzbaum 1968, 234; EM 1 (1977) 1384; EM 2 (1979) 588; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas); EM: Seil aus Sand (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 173, 176, 179, 180, 206, 209�211; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 394; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 2; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1889K; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1889K; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 72; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1965, 137ff.; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 1883*; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 2, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 382; French: Luzel 1887 III, No. 8, Pelen 1994, No. 90a; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2405, Kooi 2003, No. 91; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Zender 1935, No. 52, Hen�en 1955, No. 481, Moser-Rath 1966, No. 59, Cammann 1980, 104f., Uther 1990a, No. 47, Tomkowiak 1993, 274, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 57, Haiding 1969, No. 86; Hungarian: MNK VIII, Nos. 1889E, 1889E1, 1889K, 1889K1; Czech: Dolenec 1972, No. 21, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 47; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 264, 307, II, Nos. 533, 561; Serbian: Eschker 1986, No. 72; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 47; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4904; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1889K; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 213f.; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 95; Russian: L�wis of Menar 1914, No. 17, Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 18, SUS, No. 1889K; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1889K; Jewish: Jason 1988a, No. *1889E; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 1889E, 1889E1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1889K; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1889E; US-American: Burrison 1989, 175.","(Including the previous Type 1889K.) A man who is in the sky (on the moon, in another high place) wants to return to the earth. He makes a rope out of flax (leather, sand [H1021.1], chaff, dough, soap, intestines), but this is too short. He cuts a piece off the top and ties it to the bottom. The rope breaks and the man falls down to earth [X1757]. Cf. Types 852, 1174, 1882.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 6, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 5).","852, 1174, 1738, 1875, 1882, 1882A, 1889D, 1889L, 1889P, 1900, 1920, 1930, 1960D, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889F,Frozen Words (Music) Thaw,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 141; Weinreich 1942; Spies 1979; EM 5 (1987) 846�849 (G. Goerge); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 912; Hansen 2002, 146f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 180; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 353; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 252; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1889F, cf. No. 1889F*; German: Meier 1852, No. 19, Zaunert 1922f. I, 30f., Moser-Rath 1984, 287, Tomkowiak 1993, 274; Hungarian: B�lint 1975, No. 16; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 232; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4905; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1928; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1889F; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 82; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 26; African American: Abrahams 1970, 253.",A man tells (in jest) about a place (town) where it was so cold that all the words (songs) froze in extreme cold as soon as they were spoken. When spring came the words thawed and could be heard again [X1623.2.1]. Cf. Type 1967.,"Documented by Plutarch, De profectibus in virtute (ch. 15). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 6, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 5).","1882, 1960D."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889G,Man Swallowed by Fish,"Dekker et al. 1997, 301�303; EM 4 (1984) 1201; EM 6 (1990) 242; EM 7 (1993) 625f.; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas); Hansen 2002, 261�264.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1889G, p. 323; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 6, Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 376, 391, 393, 394, II, Nos. 494, 495; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1980f. A II, 347; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 123f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 187(1), Benzel 1993, 153f.; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Russian: SUS; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 23, 46; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A huge fish (whale, several fishes) overturns a ship and swallows the crew (a sailor). When later the fish is caught and its stomach is opened, all the men are still sitting inside and can be rescued [F911.6, F913, X1723.1]. Cf. Type 1960B.","See the biblical story of Jonah in the O.T. (Jon. I,1�16). Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 180). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 8, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 8).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889H,Submarine Otherworld,"Ward 1883f. II, 525; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 151 No. 73; Penzer 1924ff. IV, 280; Puhvel 1965; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 227, 256.","Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. III, 420; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Le Braz 1945 II, 37ff.; Frisian: Poortinga 1977, No. 55; Japanese: Ikeda 1971.","A sailor goes across the ocean to see where it ends, where the tide comes from, and where the tide goes when it is out. On his journey he experiences various adventures (under water).",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889J,Jumping Back to the Starting Place (previously Jumper over Water Turns Around Midway of Jump and Returns),EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112; US-American: Roberts 1954, No. 1, Baughman 1966.","A man tries to leap over water. Halfway across, he changes his mind, and returns to his starting place [X1741.2]. Cf. Type 1880.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 4).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889L,The Split Dog,"Leach 1961, 226�228; EM 1 (1977) 1384; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 325, 343, 344, 359; Scottish: Buchan 1984, 30; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 60; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1009, Kooi 2003, No. 89; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1889Q*; Flemish: Volkskunde 63 (1962) 50; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 10; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 37; Spanish-American: Robe 1953; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**J�1889**L; Australian: Wannan 1976, 25.","While chasing a hare, a hunting dog runs through a fence and splits himself into two parts. The hunter puts him back together, but with one pair of legs pointing upward. The dog recovers and learns to run on two legs. When he gets tired, he flips over and runs on the other two legs [X1215.11].","Popular M�nchhausen tale (cf. M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).",1889E.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889L**,Mittens Chase Deer,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. X1215.13*(b), 1920G*; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 271; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 74; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hen�en 1935, 348f.; Russian: SUS, No. 1920G*; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. X1215.13*(b).","(Including the previous Type 1920G*.) A hunter's best dog dies. He has its skin made into a pair of mittens (piece of clothing, flask for drink) which he wears while hunting. Seeing some game (hare), he exclaims, 'I wish I had my dog!' The gloves come off and chase the game.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889M,Snakebite Causes Object to Swell,EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).,"German: Fox 1942, No. 42; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Baker 1986, Nos. 24�27, Burrison 1989, 117, Leary 1991, No. 285; Mexican, Nicaraguan: Robe 1973.","A snake (bee, hornet, dog) bites (stings) an object (tree, yoke, walking stick, axle of a wagon, stirrup) which swells to a monstrous size [X1205, X1205.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889N,The Long Hunt,EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).,"Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 392, II, Nos. 91, 92; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1889N*; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 35; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**E.","A hunting dog following a scent refuses to go back. After a year (some months), the hunter finds its skeleton with the skeleton of the hunted animal in its mouth [X1215.9]. Cf. Type 1920F*.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1889P,Horse Repaired,"Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 132; EM 1 (1977) 1384; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).","Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 127; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 358, cf. Nos. 83, 147, 356, II, No. 99; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 441; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 123f., Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2410; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 86; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4904; Russian: SUS, No. 1889P, cf. No. 1889P*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 362; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Spanish-American, Guatemalan: Robe 1973.","A horse breaks into two pieces. (The owner repairs it temporarily with willow wands.) The owner rides to his destination on the front part of the horse. When he comes back, he sews the two parts back together.","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 10). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 5, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 4).",Usually combined with 1889D and 1889E.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1890,The Lucky Shot,"M�ller-Fraureuth 1881, 40�42; Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 132; Basset 1924ff. I, 441 No. 144; EM 1 (1977) 1384; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas); EM: Schu�: Der gelungene S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 187�189, 192; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 401; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 136; Latvian: Carpenter 1980, 239f.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 390, cf. II, Nos. 17, 90; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, No. 1890A, Briggs 1970f. B II, 240f.; French: Delarue 1947, No. 21; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 88; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 74, Meyere 1925ff. II, No. 95; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 186ff., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 209, Kapfhammer 1974, 52, Moser-Rath 1984, Nos. 291, 416; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 220; Russian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 395; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 79; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, Nos. 94, 95; US-American: Chase 1948, No. 20, Roberts 1954, No. 5, Chase 1958, No. 16, Baughman 1966, No. 1890A, Baker 1986, Nos. 17, 18; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 71; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 138; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1670.","A gun goes off by accident. It kills a grouse, which falls and kills a hare (falls into some branches and kills a bear, etc.) [X1124.3].","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 19). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 2, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).","1875, 1882, 1889, 1889A, 1889C, 1890F, 1894, 1895, and 1900."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1890B*,Fatal Bread,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 191; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 2030B*; Czech: cf. Sirov�tka 1980, No. 41.",A boy drops a piece of bread from a tree. It lands on a bear's nose and kills the bear [N331.2].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1890F,Shot causes a Series of Lucky or Unlucky Accidents (previously Lucky Shot: Miscellaneous Forms),EM: Schu�: Der gelungene S. (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 190; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XI, 299, cf. 58, Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1890F, Carpenter 1980, 239f.; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1890D; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 391, 392, II, Nos. 87, 502; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 279, Pelen 1994, No. 90; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Pereira 1989, 39, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 13, Sinninghe 1943, No. 1898*, Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 2153, Kooi 2003, No. 88; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1890D, 1890F, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 199; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Benzel 1965, No. 212, Neumann 1968a, No. 18, Neumann 1968b, Nos. 333, 334, Zender 1984, No. 41, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 233; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 185; Bulgarian: BFP; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1890C; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 96, Baughman 1966, Nos. 1890A, 1890F; French-Canadian: Baughman 1966, No. 1890E; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, No. 51; US-American: Roberts 1954, No. 1, Chase 1958, No. 16, Roberts 1969, No. 43, Baughman 1966, Nos. 1890A�1890G, Baker 1986, Nos. 14, 20; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Nos. 1890A, 1890E, 1890F; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 139, Dance 1978, No. 539; Australian: Wannan 1976, 45f., Edwards 1980, 223, Scott 1985, 20f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, No. 1890B.","(Including the previous Types 1890A'E.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tall tales dealing with an amazing shot (a gun that shoots by accident) that causes a series of lucky or unlucky accidents [X1122.3, X1122.3.1, X1124.3.1]. Cf. Type 1920A.","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 43).","1889, 1889B, 1890, 1894, and 1895."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1891,Catching a Rabbit (previously The Great Rabbit-Catch,EM 7 (1993) 935f. (W. Loepthien).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 172, 193�199; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1893*, Viidalepp 1980, No. 136; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1891B*, *1891C*, cf. No. *1893A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1891, 1895*; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 335; French: Luzel 1887 III, 447ff., Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 274, 275, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 42, Pelen 1994, No. 84a; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 605, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1893A*; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 8, Meyer 1968, No. 1893A*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1893A*; German: Dittmaier 1950, Nos. 509�511, cf. Hen�en 1951, No. 70, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 109, Ranke 1966, No. 81, Neumann 1968b, No. 335; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 350; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 1893A*; Hungarian: MNK VIII, Nos. 1891, 1891A*, 1891C*, 1891D*; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 394; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, Nos. 75, 94; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1891, 1891B*, 1893, 1893A*, Baker 1989, No. 16; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 1893.",") (Including the previous Types 1891A*, 1891B*, 1893, and 1893A*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tall tales dealing with hunting rabbits (hares), such as the following examples: (1) A rabbit is caught because on a cold night it freezes tight to the ice [X1115.1]. Cf. Type 2. (2) A rabbit is blinded by a bright light. It begins to cry and its tears freeze it to the ground. (Previously Type 1891A*.) (3) A rabbit smells pepper (snuff) and sneezes. It hits its head on a stone and dies (a stone falls on its head). (Previously Type 1891B*.) (4) A rabbit slips while trying to steal a cabbage and falls into an icy hole. (5) A rabbit gets stuck hanging on a branch and loses its sense of direction. (6) A cabbage is used to lure a rabbit into a garden, where it is caught in a sack [ X1114]. (Previously Type 1893.) (7) A rabbit's nose is smeared with wax. It runs away in fright, runs into another rabbit, and both are caught [X1114.1]. (Previously Type 1893A*.)","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 7).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1892,The Trained Horse Rolls in the Field,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 50, 172, 200, 201, 212; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 402; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 286; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 57; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**D.","A horse comes into a field. A tree (willow, oak, buckwheat, oats) grows from its flank. The farmer fastens a sickle to its tail (throws a sickle that sticks into its backside). The horse rolls over, killing other animals or harvesting the field [X1241.2.2].",NA,"1889C, 1889D."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1892*,Wolf Made into Cheese,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Bulgarian: BFP; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 79.","A wolf falls into a vat of milk which is made into cheese. When the cheese is cut by the farmhands at harvest time, the wolf jumps out of the cheese. His tail catches on a scythe and as he runs away, he mows the meadow.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1894,A Man Shoots a Ramrod Full of Ducks,EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 172, 202, 203; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 1894, 1896*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 94, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 59; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 265; Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 13, Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 1898*, Engels 1978, 133; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 199; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Selk 1949, No. 99, Tomkowiak 1993, 275; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 57; Yakutian: rgis 1967, No. 350; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 96; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, Nos. 10, 11; Nicaraguan: Robe 1973; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",(Including the previous Type 1896*.) A man sees a flock of wild ducks (wolves) on a pond. He tries to shoot them but his ramrod is still in his gun. The whole flock of ducks is speared by the ramrod (by a single shot) [X1111].,"Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 3, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).","1881, 1889B, 1890, 1890F, and 1895."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1895,A Man Wading in Water Catches Many Fish in his Boots,EM 4 (1984) 1198; EM 6 (1990) 243.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 203; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 127, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 392, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 59; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1895*; French: Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 43; Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 13, Kooi 2003, No. 90; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 72, Meyer 1968; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 187ff., Kuckei/Hellwig 1926, No. 57; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 95; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 71; US-American: Chase 1948, No. 20, Roberts 1954, Nos. 1, 5, Chase 1958, No. 16, Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 43.","A man (merchant, hunter) goes wading. When he comes back to the shore, his boots are full of fish [X1112].","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 43).","1875, 1881, 1889, 1889B, 1889C, 1890, 1890F, and 1894."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1896,The Man Nails the Tail of the Wolf to the Tree,"Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 132; Schwarzbaum 1979, 196, 513; EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas); EM: Wolf: Der genagelte W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 204, 205; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1896*, Viidalepp 1980, No. 136; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XII, 96, 512, Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *1896A; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 70; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 354, 387, 388, II, No. 93; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 276; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 74; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 297, Dittmaier 1950, No. 395, Benzel 1965, No. 211, Tomkowiak 1993, 275; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; US-American: Dorson 1952, 144, Dorson 1964, 346f., Baughman 1966; West Indies: Flowers 1953, South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1889Q.","A man nails the tail of a wolf (bear, fox, sable) to a tree (shoots a fox with a nail that sticks in a tree) and beats the animal. The wolf jumps out of its skin and runs away [X1132.1]. Cf. Types 169*, 1229.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 3, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1897,The Pike Caught by the Fox,,"Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 138�140; Hungarian: MNK I; Chinese: Ting 1978.",(Previously Type 160A*.) A fox catches a pike's tail and the pike catches the fox's tail. A farmer captures both.,"Early European literary source, see Philippe le Picard (No. 78).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1900,How a Man Came Out of a Tree Stump (Marsh) [X1133,"Delarue 1953; Kreuzberg 1965; Schwarzbaum 1979, 196; EM 7 (1993) 751�757 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Dekker et al. 1997, 170�172.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 174; Estonian: cf. Loorits 1959, Nos. 2, 3,Viidalepp 1980, No. 136; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 6; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 127f., Grannas 1960, Nos. 106, 107, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. XII, No. 2Stl/2; Slovene: Vede 1 (1848) 191; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1900, 1900*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Roberts 1954, No. 5, Chase 1958, No. 16, Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 44; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 209; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","4]. Cf. Type 1875. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man falls into a hollow tree where he finds honey (bear cubs), but he cannot get out. When a bear comes, he grabs its tail (leg, etc.) and it pulls him out. (2) A man falls into a marsh and gets stuck. A duck (stork, goose, sparrow, etc.) builds its nest on his head. When a wolf (fox, bear) comes to raid the nest, the man grabs its tail and is pulled out.","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 91).","1174, 1881, 1882, 1889C, 1889E, 1890, 1891, 1920H, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1910,The Bear (Wolf) Harnessed,"BP II, 291f.; Bolte/Pol�vka 1918, 131; Basset 1924ff. III, 454 No. 274; Frenken 1925, 217f.; Vidossi 1955, 3�5; EM 1 (1977) 1204�1207 (M. Matietov); Matietov 1987; EM 7 (1993) 751�757 (C. Shojaei Kawan).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 79, 181; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1910*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 166B4; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: M�ller-Lisowski 1923, No. 24; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 650 (var. 8, 11, 15, 26); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 2, Tomkowiak 1993, 276; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 118; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 35; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 37; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 85; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 76, Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. X1004.1.","(Including the previous Type 166B4.) A wild animal (bear, wolf, lion, snake) or a mythical creature (dragon, div, devil) kills (devours, dismembers) a tame animal (ox, cow, horse, donkey, mule, deer). The dead animal's owner objects that he still needs the work which the dead animal had done for him (riding, plowing, hauling). The wild animal has to take its place and do its work (pull the wagon, carry the load or the man). The wild animal is forced to do this by the man, or it puts the yoke on by itself [X1216.1].","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 89). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 2, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 1).","650A, and also 2, 151, 300, 301, 592, 1000, 1007, 1012, 1120, 1132, 1387, 1655, 1875, and 1881."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1911A,Horse's New Backbone,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 173, 206, 212; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 439, 458; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 53; French: Luzel 1887 III, 447ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 47; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 17f.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Chase 1948, No. 22, Baughman 1966, Burrison 1989, 175.","A horse (other pack animal) breaks its spine. A man repairs it with a stick. A tree grows out of it [X1721.1]. Cf. Types 1889D, 1961. In some variants, a sheep's hide is laid on a horse which has been skinned and left for dead. Later excellent wool grows on it.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der Jud mit dem geschunden grama (1548).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1916,The Breathing Tree,"Australian: Wannan 1976, 82; US-American: Baughman; Spanish-American: Baughman (= Robe).",NA,A hunter cuts down a tree packed so full of animals that a crack opens when the animals inhale and closes when they exhale [X1116].,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1917,The Stretching and Shrinking Harness,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 172; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 345; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, Nos. 67, 68, Burrison 1989, 169f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 218.","A man driving a heavy wagon in the rain comes to a hill. The horse climbs up the hill, but the wagon is so heavy that the harness stretches, leaving the wagon back at the foot of the incline. The man unharnesses the horse and lays the harness on a stump to dry. When the sun comes out (the rain stops), the straps shrink so that the load is pulled up the hill [X1785.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920,Contest in Lying,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 15; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 322; BP II, 506�514, III, 273f.; Basset 1924ff. I, 424 No. 131; Schwarzbaum 1968, 198; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, 257; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 394; Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 110; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, No. 12; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1920AC; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 65; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff., III, No. 399, Kristensen 1892f. I, cf. No. 14, II, Nos. 430, 474, 475, cf. No. 447, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 60; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 91f., 174, 215, 241, 309; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 253, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 530, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 77; German: Zender 1935, No. 52, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 210; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 149; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1962B; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 48; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 3; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 44, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 296, 297, Eschker 1992, No. 43; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 49; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 95; Macedonian: Eschker 1986, No. 73, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 487; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 I, 340ff., 355ff., Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000, II, No. 4913; Bulgarian: Haralampieff/Frolec 1971, No. 69, Daskalova et al. 1985, Nos. 256, 258; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 60; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 213f., Orso 1979, Nos. 69, 70, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Krzyanowski 1965, 170f.; Turkish: K�nos 1907, No. 45, Walker/Uysal 1966, 165ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Stephani 1998, Nos. 8, 51; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Dirr 1920, No. 56; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, No. 347f.; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1962, 120ff.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 280, 281; Yakutian: rgis 1967, Nos. 398, 399; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 130ff.; Georgian: Finger 1939, 183ff.; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 52; Palestinian: Campbell 1954, 83ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 481, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 39; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 182ff.; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 69; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 21; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, No. 23; Chinese: Ting 1978; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 45; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 70, 74; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 27; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XXI, No. 1; US-American: Randolph 1955, 154ff., cf. Baughman 1966, Nos. 1920J�W, Burrison 1989, 200f.; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1920A; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**F; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Moreno 1947, No. 87, Nowak 1969, No. 482, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 89, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1920.B.2.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales in which two or more people compete to see who can tell the biggest lie (in a believable manner). Often the narrator induces someone to say, 'That is a lie!' The animals, plants, objects, etc. being described in the lie are listed under Types 1960ff. Cf. Type 852.",NA,"This tale is often combined with one or more other tales of lying, esp. 1535, 1889C, 1889E, 1920A�H, 1930, and 1931."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920A,'The Sea Burns,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 15; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 454; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 138; Wesselski 1925, No. 38; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 49; Tubach 1969, No. 4599; Spies 1979; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 135, 1043; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Kooi 2000a; Marzolph 2000b.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 207, 208; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 394; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1920AC; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 14, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 375 (2), II, No. 478; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 44, 176f.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 43; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 254, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 392, Coelho 1985, No. 79, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 2405, 2408, Kooi 1986, 109f., 116f., Kooi 2003, Nos. 93a, 93b; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 200; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 2, Lox 1999a, No. 77; German: Benzel 1965, No. 142, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 289, 291, 372, 416, Tomkowiak 1993, 275, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 231, 232; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 8; Slovene: Milinski 1911, 76ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 3011, 4915, 4916, 4923; Hungarian: MNK VIII, Nos. 1890C*, 1920A, 1920A1; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 298; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 58; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: K�nos 1907, No. 45; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 159; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 402f., Bjazyrov 1960, Nos. 50, 55; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 81; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 579; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: cf. Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 55; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karpov 1958, 192; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 27; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 77; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 41, Baughman 1966, Burrison 1989, 174f.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 79; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 221, Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 49; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","' Miscellaneous Type with diverse contents. Three main themes can be distinguished: (1) A man brags that he shot a single arrow through the hoof and the ear of a deer, so that the hoof remained stuck to the ear [N621]. When hearers doubt this account, another man (servant) corroborates the lie, explaining that the deer was scratching itself on the cheek and ear with its hoof, so the arrow went first through the hoof and then through the ear. (2) One man says that the sea is burning. The other says, 'Then there will be plenty of roasted fish.' [X908]. (3) One man tells about a great turnip, another man about a great kettle to cook the turnip in. Cf. Types 1920E, 1931, 1960D, and 1960F.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. early Persian sources and Jacques de Vitry, Sermones communes (Jacques de Vitry/Frenken, No. 79a).","1920, 1920C, 1920E, 1960A, D�1960G, and 1960L."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920A*,Tall Corn,EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Lithuanian: Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 39; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 450, 451; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 283; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A man boasts about his grain which has grown ten feet high. Another man claims that his grain is as tall as a two-story house. When the first man asks him how he is able to harvest it, he replies, 'From the upstairs windows.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920B,'I Have No Time to Lie,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa); J�rv 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 213�218; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1920AC; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 460; German: Fischer 1955, 517; Rumanian: Stroescu 1968 II, No. 4900; Bulgarian: BFP; Mordvinian: Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. III, 308ff.; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Dorson 1964, 67ff., 357f., Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, Nos. 3, 4; Spanish-American: TFSP 20 (1945) 29, 22 (1949) 78f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","' A habitual liar is asked to tell a lie. He says he has no time for that now because he has to go to a neighboring town where there has been a huge catch of fish [X1150.1] (cf. Type 1960C) to buy some cheap (where children have fallen off the bridge into the water; or, his neighbor is sick and he has to get the doctor). Thus the liar induces his audience to go with him to the town, where they discover that the whole story was a lie [X905.4].",NA,"1920, 1960C."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920B*,Big Strawberries,EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Hungarian: MNK VIII; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1920B**; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A man boasts that his strawberries are so big, four of them fill a half-liter measure. Another man claims that none of his strawberries would even fit through the opening of a half-liter measure.","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 98).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920C,'That Is a Lie!' (previously The Master and the Farmer),"Wossidlo 1910, 206f.; BP II, 507�511; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 198, 200, 202; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa); J�rv 2001; �lekonyt 2003, 12f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 209�211; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1920AC; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 330, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 524, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 202; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 2; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 126, Peuckert 1932, Nos. 199, 200; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 307, II, No. 533; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 51; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 39; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1921, Simonides 1979, 118f.; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 81f.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 358, 363; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 31; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 353ff.; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, Nos. 37, 75; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 33; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1920C1; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 192ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 75; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A master offers a reward to anyone who can tell such a lie that he interrupts him and accuses him of lying. His farmhand tells a story in which he claims that the master owes him a large amount of money. The master interrupts and exclaims, 'That is a lie!' The farmhand has won [X905.1]. Cf. Type 1920F.",NA,"570, 852, 1000, 1738, 1882, 1882A, 1920, 1920A, 1920H, 1960D, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920C*,Speed in Skills,EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 366; Portuguese: Pereira 1989, 49, Cardigos (forthcoming); Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1920C**; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 20 (1945) 97, 27 (1957) 167.",Two liars compete with each other over which of them has the most remarkable skill to do something amazingly quickly [F660ff.].,"Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 1).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920D,The Liar Reduces the Size of his Lie,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1210; EM 8 (1996) 1271; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 220; Lithuanian: Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 39; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 72f. No. 220, Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 429, 430, 453, cf. No. 455; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 255, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 287, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 531, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Kubitschek 1920, 25, Hen�en 1932, 116f., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 209, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 289, 291, 372, 416; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Volkskunde 2 (1890) 424; Slovene: Vede 1 (1848) 27f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4897, 4919, 4922; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 424, Ranke 1972, No. 119; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 195ff., Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff.; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 421; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 353; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 28; Lebanese, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1920D1; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 2; French-American: Ancelet 1994, Nos. 76, 77; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 56, 19 (1944) 68; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A liar agrees with his friend that the friend will step on his toes if he begins to lie excessively. When this happens it causes the liar to end his story with exaggerated smallness rather than largeness. For example, he says he has seen a barn that is 300 feet long and three feet wide [X904.1, X904.2]. Cf. Type 1920J.",NA,"1348, 1920F."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920D*,Climbing to Heaven,EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 75, cf. BFP, No. *1920D**; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 69, Megas/Puchner 1998; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 236f.; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 1920**D, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 222.","Three brothers compete in lying to see which of them will receive the biggest inheritance. The first tells about a plant that is so big it grows to the sky (cf. Type 1960G). The second tells about a string that also reaches the sky. The third says that he snuffed out a cigarette on the moon. When his brothers ask how he got there, he answers, 'I climbed up on the string and back down on the plant.' He wins the best inheritance.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920E,Greatest Liar Gets his Supper Free,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 15; BP II, 509�511; Schwarzbaum 1968, 198, 202; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 208; Lithuanian: Leskien/Brugman 1882, No. 35; Norwegian: Hodne 1982, 264; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 375 (3), 389, II, No. 117, cf. No. 456; Irish: B�aloideas 2 (1929) 218ff. No. 6; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 451; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. II, No. 102, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Haltrich 1956, No. 55; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 17; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 43; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4905; Polish: Simonides 1979, Nos. 192, 193; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 50; Jordanian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1920E1�; US-American: Burrison 1989, 178; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 25f., 19 (1944) 36�41; Mexican: Aiken 1935, 55ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 221, 222, Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 49.","Six young men (students) have a lying contest, for which the prize is a free meal at an inn. A friend of one (all) of the liars arrives late and pretends to be a stranger. He corroborates and reinforces his friend's story so that it seems to be true [K455.7]. Cf. Types 1526A, 1688, and 1920A.",NA,"1920A, 1930."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920E*,Seeing (Hearing) Enormous Distance,EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 223; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1962; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, p. 328; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 355, 362, 366, II, Nos. 438, 486; French: Fischer-Fabian 1992, 105; Dutch: Swanenberg 1986, 302; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Ranke 1972, No. 121; German: Fischer 1955, 242; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 610f., EM 7 (1993) 871; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4837; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 281; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Dorson 1946, 108; Spanish-American, Mexican, Nicaraguan: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1920**G; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1920**E.","Liars boast about seeing (hearing) small things that are far away. For example, one can see a fly (gnat, ant) on the church tower, and another says he can hear it beating its wings (running), etc.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920F,"He Who Says, 'That's a Lie' Must Pay a Fine","BP II, 509; Schwarzbaum 1968, 200, 202, 473; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 578; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 110; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 72; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: cf. Konkka 1963, No. 80; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 451; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 528, 529, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hen�en 1935, No. 294, Haltrich 1956, No. 58, Dietz 1965, No. 841, Benzel 1965, No. 140; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 86; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 168f., K�har/Novak 1988, 186; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 297; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3047; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 23; Ukrainian: Mykytiuk 1979, No. 62; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 164ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 363; Jewish: Noy 1963b, No. 44, Jason 1965, No. 1920F�*A, Jason 1988a, No. 1920F�*A, Haboucha 1992, No. 1920F�*A; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 169ff.; Syrian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 21, Jason 1989, Nos. 1920F, 1920F�*A; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Two liars come to an agreement that whichever of them first says, 'That is a lie!' must pay a fine. One tells a story in which he claims that the other owes him so the same amount of money as the fine. Whether he voices his objection or not, the other has to pay him the money. Cf. Types 852, 1920C.",NA,"1920D, 1960D, 1960F, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920F*,Skillful Hounds,EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa); EM 9 (1999) 1008�1015 (G. Thomas).,"English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 59; Frisian: Kooi 1884, No. 1889N*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 77; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 85�88; African-American: Baughman 1966.","A man tells about a hunting dog that had kept a raccoon in a tree so long that the dog finally died. Another tells about a hunting dog that followed game to where it was born, etc. [X1215.9]. Cf. Type 1889N.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920G,The Great Bee and Small Beehive,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 452; BP II, 515f.; EM 2 (1979) 305; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 187 No. 783, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 381; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 210f. No. 129; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 289, 291, 372, 416; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 97; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 166; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 105; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4902, 4902A; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 160.","A liar tells about a place where the bees are as big as sheep. The beehives, however, are the normal size. A listener asks him how the bees can go into their hive [X1282.1].",Documented in the 14th/15th century.,1920H.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920H,Buying Fire by Storytelling,"EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa); �lekonyt 2003, 12f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 212; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 72; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 441; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: cf. Karlinger 1973c, No. 15; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 41ff., 45ff.; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 68; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 293, 294; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 49, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 105, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 53; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 340ff., 355ff., III, 357ff., 359ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1922, Simonides 1979, No. 198; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1920H*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 358; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Kapieva 1951, 74ff.; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 131ff., �akryl 1975, Nos. 52, 79; Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This is a frame tale into which different tall tales can be set. Three brothers meet an old man (forest spirit, wind spirit, devil, giant) sitting beside a camp fire and ask to borrow some of his fire. He asks them for a story in return. The third brother agrees, but only if the old man will not interrupt him. However, the old man does call out, 'Lie!' during the story. According to their agreement he has to let the brother cut strips of skin from his back. Cf. Type 1000.",NA,"1886, 1900, 1920, 1920C, 1920G, and 1960G."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920H*,Will Blow Out Lantern,,"Dutch: cf. Geldof 1979, 116; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1920H*; German: cf. Wendel 1928, 104f.; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 142f., 143; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 21, Burrison 1989, 173, 245; Australian: Wannan 1976, 44f., Adams/Newell 1999 II, 489.",A fisherman boasts about catching of large fish. Another boasts about catching of a lantern which is still burning. The first teller remonstrates; the second agrees that if the first will take twenty pounds off his fish he will blow out the light in his lantern.,NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920J,Bridge Reduces a Lie,"Ranke 1978, 261�269; EM 8 (1996) 1270�1274 (J. van der Kooi); EM 8 (1996) 1276; Lieb 1996, 118�123.","Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 430; French: Carnoy 1883, 209f., Blad� 1886 III, 269; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 73f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1920D (2); German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 107, Tomkowiak 1993, 290f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1920D; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4919; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 489, Ranke 1972, No. 115, SUS, No. 1921*; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **1886; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1920D.","A boy (servant) who has just returned from a journey, travels on foot through the country with his father (knight). The boy tells a story about a dog (fox, cat, hare) that is bigger than (as big as) a horse (ox). Instead of scolding him for lying, the father tells him (1) that they will soon have to wade through a river that will swallow up anyone who has told a lie that day; or, (2) that they are coming to a bridge on which any liar will break his leg, or (3) which will fall to pieces if a liar crosses it. The boy is frightened and gradually reduces the size of the animal down to its normal size [X904], as they come near the river (bridge) (cf. Types 1348, 1920D).","Documented in the 16th century, see Hans Sachs, Der verlogene Knecht mit dem gro�en Fuchs (1563).",1348.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1920J*,Various Tales of Lying,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 198; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1930A*, 1930C*; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1920J; Sardinian: Mango 1890, No. 5; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1920J, *1930E; Hungarian: MNK VIII, Nos. 1920J*�1920L*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1920B***, *1920J*�*1920M*, *1920F**, 1930B*, *1930E*, *1930F*, *1930A**, *1930C**, *1930F**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. *1920I, *1920J; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1930A*�1930D*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 1930A*, 1930C*, 1930E*, 1930F*; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 504f.; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 1920J*, 1920K*; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1930D*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1920A*; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1920J�; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1920K�; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1920D-X�; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1920*Z; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1920I�1920K, 1920K1; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1920D**�, 1920J�. 1920K�, 1920L�, 1930D*�, 1930E*�; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1920J�, 1920L�; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1920J�; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1920J�.","(Including the previous Types 1930A*, 1930B*, and 1930C*.) Miscellaneous type with diverse contents.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1924,The Man Known by Everyone,,"Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 94; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1924*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 198a�b; Flemish: Ranke 1972, No. 118; German: Schwind 1958, 184f., Selk 1982, No. 42; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 46; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 150, Fischer-Fabian 1992, 237f.; US-American: Dorson 1959, 247f.; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 228ff.","Three friends get together after several years and talk about their travels and experiences. The first one says that during a celebration in Paris General de Gaulle greeted him by name. The second one was in Washington where President Johnson shook his hand. The third one, who is named Miller, tells about his experience in Rome: 'A hundred thousand people were gathered in St. Peter's Square. When the pope arrived, carried in his gestatorial chair, he caught sight of me and motioned to me to come up and sit in the chair beside him, which I did. As they carried us along towards St. Peter's I could hear the people asking, 'Who is that sitting next to Mr. Miller'' [X905].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1925,Contest in Wishing,"BP II, 515; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 132; Hansen 2002, 475�478, 481�489.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 224; Finnish-Swedish: Allardt/Perkl�n 1896, No. 201, Hackman 1917f. II, No. 392; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 66; English: Zall 1963, 329f.; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1370; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 697; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 167; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1925*, Jason 1988a, No. 1925*; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 147; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1925, 1925*, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff; US-American: Dodge 1987, 143, cf. 74.","(Including the previous Type 1925*.) This miscellaneous type includes various tales in which several men (brothers, men of different nationalities, servants, clergymen) compete in making wishes. Each of them makes an impossible wish (the wishes may be encouraged by their master, a fairy [F341], etc.). For example, the first man wishes for great riches (a church full of needles, plenty of food and drink, etc.), and the second tries to outdo him. The third wishes to be the heir of both the others (to marry the master's daughter, etc.). Or the last has nothing left to wish for, since the others have wished for everything and left nothing for him [H507.3]. Cf. Type 1173A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1927,The Cold May Night,"Hyde 1915, 40�55, 56�62.","Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 380; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 11; Iranian: Christensen 1918, No. 16; South American Indian: cf. Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, B841; Libyan: Stumme 1895, No. 30.","During a very cold night in May, someone tells a man that long ago there was an even colder night. He goes on a journey to learn more about it. He meets an otter that has been lying on a rock in his cave for so long that his body has worn out the rock. The otter has heard of the cold night, but it was before his time. He sends the man to an eagle who has been sitting for so long on an anvil that the anvil is worn off away from the whetting of his beak on it. The eagle sends the man to an one-eyed salmon who remembers the cold night. As he was jumping out of the water, it froze beneath him, and he landed on the ice. After a bird came and picked his eye out, the salmon's blood thawed the ice and he was able to swim again [B841, B124.1, X1620].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1930,Schlaraffenland,"Poeschel 1878; cf. Erk/B�hme 1893f.III, Nos. 1095, 1096; Schmidt 1912; BP III, 244�258, IV, 119f.; Krzyanowski 1929; Schmidt 1944; Hinrichs 1955; Cocchiara 1956, 159�187, 248�250; Cioranescu 1971; Biesterfeld/Haase 1984; M�ller 1984; Richter 1984; Verfasserlexikon 5 (1985) 1039�1044 (A. Holtorf); Wunderlich 1986; Richter 1989; Assion 1989; Jonassen 1990; Rammel 1990; Dekker et al. 1997, 206�210; Pleij 1997; Hansen 2002, 378�392; EM: Schlaraffenland (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 183, 235, 236; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 2; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Balys 1936; Lappish, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 1875; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 461; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 563f., 578, Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 331ff., A II, 245, 537, 549, 558f., 563f.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 256, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Dutch: Hogenelst 1997 II, No. 271; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Uther 1981, 101, Tomkowiak 1993, 275f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, Nos. 158, 159, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 50; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 96 No. 75; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 47; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f., Nos. 264, 307, 476, 533, 561; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 350ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 53; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1929, 1930, Simonides 1979, Nos. 190, 201; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 63f., 148, MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1930**A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1930, 1930D*�, 1930E*�; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3167, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 3169, 3170, 3815.","(Land of Cockaigne.) [X1503, X1712]. A tale about a world where impossible, utopian things happen and everything is topsy-turvy. For example, doves pluck a wolf, frogs thresh grain, mice ordain a bishop, etc. Generally there is an abundance of food and drink, such as a river of honey, food growing on trees, edible houses and mountains, and roasted chickens and pastries that fly into people's mouths, etc. [F771.1.10, X1156.1, X208.2, X1211.1, X1215.12, X1226.1, X1235.4, X1235.5, X1241.2.3, X1242.0.1.1, X1244.1, X1244.2, X1252.1, X1855, X1256.1, X1267.2, X1294.1, X1342.3, X1344.1, X1345.1, X1472.1, X1528.1, X1547.2.1, X1561, X1611, X1653, X1727.1, X1741.4, X1791, X1796.1, X1817.1, X1856, X1856.1, X1856.2, X1857]. Cf. Types 1935, 1965.","Early literary version see e.g. Herodotus (III,17�18) and later Boccaccio, Decamerone (VIII, 3), and Philippe le Picard (nos. 12, 49, 85). Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen, ch. 20, M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 17). Known as a proverbial phrase (�roasted doves fly right into your mouth�).","1882A, 1889E, 1920, 1920A�H, 1935, and 1960."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1931,The Woman who Asked for News from Home,"EM 9 (1999) 1420�1422 (P.-L. Rausmaa); �lekonyt 2003, 14f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 235, 236; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 396; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Austad/Hannas 1989, No. 34, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 42; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 25, 26, II, No. 3, cf. Kristensen 1900, Nos. 219, 568, Christensen 1939, No. 93, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 60; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 444; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 428f.; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1931*, SUS; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, 658 No. 6; Jewish: Jason 1988a, No. 1573*-*A; Armenian: cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 97; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1931A�; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XXVIII, No. 18; US-American: cf. Roberts 1969, No. 50; North African, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1931A�; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1931, 1931A�.","A woman asks her guest for news from her home (house, village). He tells her impossible, absurd things, such as: Is the same rooster there ' No, he became the sexton. Is the cat still there ' No, she was made the overseer. Is the pond still in front of the house ' No, it burned up last summer [X908], etc. The woman believes these answers. She agrees and pretends that she had already known that these things had happened [J2349.4]. Cf. Types 1920A, 2040.",NA,"1920, 2014."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1932,Church Built of Cheese,"Bolte 1899, 85; K�hler-Z�lch 1992, 56�60; �lekonyt 2003, 11.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 202; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 107; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5713, cf. No. 4910; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","The Gypsies' church is made of cheese, ham, cake, sausage, etc. (They received this in exchange for their stone church.) Once when they were hungry, they ate it up, and now Gypsies have no church [F771.1.10, X1863].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1935,Topsy Turvy Land,"Cf. Erk/B�hme 1893f. III, Nos.1100�1113; Wendeler 1905, 158�163; BP III, 244�258, 302�305, BP IV, 119f.; Cocchiara 1963; Kenner 1970; Kramer 1977; Scribner 1978, 326�329; Pinon 1980; Schnell 1989; Geest 1999; Hansen 2002, 439�445; EM: Verkehrte Welt (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 184; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 9; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 518; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 14a; German: Peuckert 1932, Nos. 298�300, 304, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 190, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. V, Nos. 1ReiZw/159, 1Stol/530, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, Nos. 158, 159; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 56, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 81; Greek: Laogr�phia 22 (1965) 61�63; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1929; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 426; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Kazakh: cf. Sidel�nikov 1952, 42ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 367ff.; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 31; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Various tall tales often in the form of a sermon, a poem, a song, or a travelogue in which everything is mixed up or inverted. For example: the weak overpower the strong, cripples can catch hares, lying is the 'finest art form,' the laziest person is the king, etc. [X1505]. Cf. Types 1930, 1965.",NA,"852, 1930, and 1960."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1940,The Extraordinary Names,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 421; BP III, 129�136, IV, 183; cf. Petsch 1916, 8�18; cf. ZfVk. 26 (1916) 370f.; Anderson 1927ff. I, No. 8; Legman 1968f. II, 731; EM 9 (1999) 1177�1180 (A. Sch�ne).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 225; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 25; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 37f., 61, 66f., 178f., 317f.; French: ATP 1 (1953) 275; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 445�447, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 558, 576, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1940, 1940*F; German: Hen�en 1963a, No. 37, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 140; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 522; Ukrainian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 477; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 409ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Andrade 1930, No. 283; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 1940*A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1940*A, 1940*H, 1940*I, 1940**J; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1940*A, 1940*B, 1940**J, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 219, 220; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1940*D; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 209.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales in which animals, people, or things are called by unusual names, which leads to confusion or disaster. The basis for the misunderstanding is either that the usual names have been switched (in humorous anecdotes) or that different names are adopted because of their symbolic, accoustic, or nonsense value (in cumulative tales, sayings, songs, and rhymes) [F703, X1506]. Cf. Types 1562A, 2010 I A.",Often not clearly classified.,1562A.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1948,Too Much Talk,"Ranke 1955b, 51f.; EM: Schweigsame Leute (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 226�231; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 67; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 20; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wegener 1880, No. 72, Dietz 1951, No. 187, Neumann 1968a, No. 75, Kapfhammer 1974, 71f., Tomkowiak 1993, 276; Italian: cf. Crane 1885, No. 106; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 39; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 139; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 13�15; Swahili: Velten 1898, 42f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","Three silent men (trolls, brothers, captains, farmers) withdraw from the world and retreat to a hermitage (canyon, monastery, island). After seven years, one of them speaks, 'I think I heard a cow moo.' The others are irritated but stay silent. Seven years later, another man says, 'It could have been an ox.' The third is annoyed but does not speak. After seven more years, he says, 'I am leaving this place because there is too much talking (noise).'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1950,The Three Lazy Ones,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 43; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 237; BP III, 207�213; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 261; Wesselski 1925, No. 21; HDM 2 (1934�40) 70 (B. Heller); Wesselski 1936, 97�99; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 132c; Schwarzbaum 1968, 238, 239, 476; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2896, 3005; EM 4 (1984) 900�905 (E. Moser-Rath); Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996, 59�61; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1640�1643 (D. Klein); Hansen 2002, 429�431.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 232�234; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 391; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 407; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. W111.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. W111.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Haan 1974, 147f., Kooi 1985f., No. 48; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. II, No. 119, Peuckert 1932, Nos. 293�295, Hen�en 1935, No. 288, Dietz 1951, No. 272, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 20, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 191, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, 291, 385, 436, Uther 1990a, No. 59, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, Nos. 151, 151*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 49; Hungarian: MNK VIII, Nos. 1950, 19501, 19502, D�m�t�r 2001, 291; Czech: Jech 1961, No. 59, Dvo�k 1978, Nos. 2896, 3004*, 3005; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 97f.; Slovene: Vrtec 29 (1899) 72; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 133; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 108; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5085; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 195ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 335; Jewish: Jason 1965, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Uighur: Makeev 1952, 100f.; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tungus: Suvorov 1960, 66; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 76f.; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 100f.; Lebanese, Iraqi, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 135; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 75, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: cf. Zng 1952, No. 85; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 433f.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 345, Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 223; Puerto Rican, Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. **823AB; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 62, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","A king wants to leave his kingdom to the laziest of his three sons. Each boasts about his laziness [W111.1]. The first says that when he is lying down and drops of water fall in his eyes, he is too lazy to shut them [W111.1.3]. The second says that when he sits by the fire, if his foot starts to burn, he is too lazy to pull it back [W111.1.1]. The third says that if he were to be hanged and had a knife in his hand, he would be too lazy to use it to cut the rope [W111.1.2]. The father decides that the third is the laziest, and gives him the kingdom. In another form of the tale, five sons boast of their laziness [W111.1]. The first is too lazy to close his mouth when he eats, so the birds carry off the bread. The second will not pull his leg out of the fire [W111.1.1]. The third lets mice gnaw on his ear. The fourth will not cut the rope used to hang him [W111.1.2]. The fifth lets raindrops beat his eyes out [W111.1.3].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 91), Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 25), alloddin Rumi, Masnavi-ye ma� navi (VI, 4877).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1950A,Help in Idleness,EM 6 (1990) 1021�1023 (I. Tomkowiak).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; English: Wardroper 1970, 148; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 131; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 1950C*; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 533, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 156; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; US-American: Dorson 1946, 255.","A master (supervisor) asks two workmen what they are doing. The first says, 'I am not doing anything.' The second says, 'I am helping him.'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1951,'Is the Wood Split' A lazy man is offered a load of wood as a gift,,"Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 391, Cardigos (forthcoming); Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1956f. II, No. 46, Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, 85f., Burrison 1989, 194f.; Mexican: Robe 1953; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. **823C; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","Before he accepts it, he asks, 'Is it already split' [W111.5.10]. Sometimes other gifts are offered: 'Is the rice cooked' ' 'Is the wheat ground' ' 'Has the flour been made into bread'' 'Are the nuts roasted and shelled'",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960,The Great Animal or Great Object,"BP II, 506�516; B�dker 1954; Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1979, 13 not. 12; K�stlin 1980; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 176f., 185�187; �lekonyt 2003, 14f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 263; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 395; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 216; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1960, 1960Z; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 103; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Danish: cf. Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 10, Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 441; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 234, A II, 110; Irish: M�ller-Lisowski 1923, No. 27; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 211 No. 130; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, Nos. 75, 77; German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 43, Birlinger 1874, 372, Grannas 1957, No. 56, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 187, Kapfhammer 1974, 49ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 51, 57; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, Nos. 47, 48; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 63; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 518ff., III, 464f.; Bulgarian: cf. Daskalova et al. 1985, Nos. 256, 258; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 108ff.; Turkish: Boratav 1955, 21ff.; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 68; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 50; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 89; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 420f; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 366ff.; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 63; Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 1960J; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 1960J, 1960N*, 1960O*; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1889Q�; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 27; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., Nos. 1960, 1960Z; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. I, 137ff., 167ff.; US-American: Roberts 1969, No. 6; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 137; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1960Z; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1889Q�.","(Including the previous Type 1960Z.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an unnaturally-large object, animal or plant. Cf. i.a. Types 852, 857, 1689A, 1920ff., 1930, and 1962A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960A,The Great Ox,"BP II, 515; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 136; Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 202; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 177f.; �lekonyt 2003, 11.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 208, 211, 238, 239, 241, 242, 244, 245; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 393; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 386; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 212f. No. 132, 214 No. 133; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 43, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 41.4; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 202; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo 1910, 206f., Debus 1951, 253 No. B28, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 122, Grannas 1960, Nos. 51, 107, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 11, 99, 149, 179; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 49; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 122; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4923; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 149, MNK VIII, Nos. 1960A, 1960A1; Slovene: Milinski 1911, 76ff.; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 213f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: cf. Sidel�nikov 1952, 42ff., 130ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, 319 No. 6; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 27; Japanese: Seki 1963, Nos. 52, Ikeda 1971, No. 1960J; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 6; French-American: Ancelet 1994, Nos. 82, 99; Spanish-American: TFSP 7 (1928) 56f., 20 (1945) 90f.; Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Australian: Wannan 1976, 30f., 43f., Edwards 1980, 219, Scott 1985, 20, 27f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales about enormous animals, domestic (ox, cow, horse, sheep, goat, hog, dog, cat, etc.) or wild (fox, bear, hare, boar, opossum, frog, turtle, snake, etc.) [B871.1.1.1, B875.1, X1201, X1224.1, X1233.1.1, X1235.1, X1241.1, X1244.3, X1342.1, X1321.1]. For example, an ox is so big that it takes a bird a whole day (week, year) to fly from the end of one of its horns to the other. Or, one of its horns is used in a mill as a funnel, and it holds a whole cask of grain. A hog is so big that it has been coming around a corner for three days and its eyes are still not visible. A sheep has a tail so heavy that it must be carried in a wheelbarrow, and when it is sheared it yields two hundredweights of wool.",NA,"1738, 1882, and 1920A."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960B,The Great Fish,"BP II, 515; Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 197f.; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Dekker et al. 1997, 301�303; Hansen 2002, 178�180.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 189, 238�240, 243, 246�251, 261; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 395; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 180; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 161, II, Nos. 437, 469; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs/Tongue 1965, No. 91; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 87; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 35, Selk 1949, No. 100, Grannas 1957, No. 47; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 220; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 8; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 21; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 44; Indonesian: K�hler 1952, 90ff.; English-Canadian: Saucier 1962, No. 28, Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 6; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 67; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with enormous fish [B874, X1301]. The following are the most common variants: A huge fish (pike, perch, burbot, salmon, eel, whale, etc.) has wound itself three times around an island. For three days people try to pull it up onto the land, but its eyes are still not visible. Inside the great fish are found the bells from seventeen sheep. The fish's flesh is pickled in 300 pounds of salt, and it feeds an entire hospital for a year. The fish's eyes alone weigh five pounds. Its scales are removed with a plow and used to roof a barn. Its bones are used to fence a field, and its skull is made into an oven. Cf. Type 1889G.","Early literary version in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (No. 25).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960C,The Great Catch of Fish,"Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; Andersen 1973; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 189, 252�254; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 383�385, II, No. 109; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Wisser 1922f. II, 187f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 358; Byelorussian: �ejn 1893, No. 131, Zelenin 1914, Nos. 81, 82; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 39; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 6; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales about catching a great load of fish [X1150.1]. The catch of fish is so great that it has to be pickled in barns. There are enough scales to roof many buildings. There are so many fish in the sea that it is possible to walk on top of them and keep one's feet dry. The fishermen have to put worms on their hooks behind a rock, to prevent the fish from tearing the worms from their hands. Cf. Type 1920B.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960D,The Great Vegetable,"BP II, 515f., III, 169�193; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 22; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 92; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 49; Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 198, 201; K�stlin 1980; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Marzolph 1992, No. 1043; Hansen 2002, 181.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 172, 189, 207, 208, 240, 245, 255; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 394, 395d; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 110; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 134, Range 1981, No. 72; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 453, 462; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 53; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 104, 109, 176f., 309; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 284, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 41; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 121, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 1986, 116f., Kooi 2003, No. 93a; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 229; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 77; German: Wossidlo 1910, 206f., Zender 1935, No. 52, Hen�en 1961, No. 71, Cammann 1980, 254f., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 187(6), Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 146; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 149, Haiding 1977a, No. 28; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 1920A; Hungarian MNK VIII; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 427; Slovene: Ljubi 1944, 42; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 176, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 103; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, Nos. 488, 490; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1960H, Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4915, 4916, 4923; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 358, 363, Walker/Uysal 1966, 165ff.; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 103, MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 52; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Votyak: Wichmann 1901, No. 42; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 280�282; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 579; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, No. 82; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 33; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 110; Japanese: Seki 1963, No. 52; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44, II, 1054f.; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 46; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 65; Spanish-American: TFSP 14 (1938) 269, 18 (1943) 79, 19 (1944) 67; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 77; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 90; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 49; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 1889**N; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Australian: Wannan 1976, 73; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous vegetable (turnip, cabbage, mushroom, potato, melon, pumpkin, cucumber, grain, tobacco, etc.) [X1401'X1455]. Cf. Type 2044. The following are the most common variants: A turnip grows so big and so fast that the fence has to be moved three times during the summer. It takes a whole day to pull up the turnip, and seven days for a swallow to fly around it. A sow (hare) eats her way into the turnip, which grows back around her. When the turnip is cut open, the sow is found inside with seven piglets (seven cartloads of hares are found inside). Fifteen men uproot the turnip using levers, and two horses are needed to move it. A boat is made from its rind. The cabbage (mushroom) is so big that an entire regiment of soldiers fits under its leaves (cap). Part of it is used to make soup for a battallion, but the rest of the vegetable is still too big to pass through the lock of the canal. Six men work for six weeks to dig up the potato, but they excavate only its top half. A stalk of rye is so fat that a hog can go through it, or a man can drive a horse and wagon through the stalk and turn around inside it. Five men can stand on its stump. One grain is so big that just cutting it in two yields a bucket of sawdust. The tobacco is so tall that, to prune it, nine ladders have to be stacked one on top of the other. It takes two men a whole day to cut out both sides of the stalk. Standing on the stump they fight for two days over the tobacco. Cf. Type 1920A.",NA,"1889C, 1889E, 1889F, 1920A, 1920C, 1920F, 1960F, 1960G, 1960J, and 1960K,."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960E,The Great Farmhouse,Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 208, 238�243, 245; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 393; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 134; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 53; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker 1964, No. 40, Holbek 1990, No. 27; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Benzel 1965, No. 141, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 231; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 179, cf. Haiding 1971, 1�10; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 53; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4907; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 358 III 4; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 50; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Vietnamese: cf. Karow 1972, No. 110; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 27; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 97; Australian: Wannan 1976, 64ff., 66f., 67f., 69f., 73.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous farm, its separate buildings (house, barn, kiln, granary, mill, church, etc.), or the management there [X1030'1036]. The following are the most common variants: A building is so tall that when an axe falls from the peak of the roof, a swallow is able to build her nest in it, lay her eggs, and rear her young, before the axe hits the floor. A barn is so long that when a cow is taken to the bull at the other end, she gives birth to her calf before she gets back to her stall. A church is so big that when a baby is baptized, he is old enough for his first communion before he comes out. A room is so big that, for three years, the father and mother look for each other inside it. On his way to his morning coffee, the farmer has to stop twice for meals. From the middle of the room the walls are not visible, so people have to use the floorboards to orient themselves. Everything on the farmstead is enormous: buildings, animals, fields, tools, plants, catch of fish, oven, containers, cooking implements, pipes, people, and cattle. The cows give so much milk that it flows out of the stall like an ocean, and someone in a boat has to float on it to skim the cream, etc.",NA,"1960F, 1960J, and 1960K."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960F,The Great Kettle [X1030,"Basset 1924ff. I, No. 60; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 49; Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 197, 201; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1043.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 207, 208, 238, 239; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 393, 394; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Schleicher 1857, 25f.; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 53, III, No. 103; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Ranke 1972, No. 114; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 121; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 116f., Kooi 2003, No. 93a; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 77; German: Plenzat 1930, 83ff., Hen�en 1944, 176ff., Grannas 1957, No. 51, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 187(6); Austrian: Haiding 1977a, No. 28; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 157f.; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 103; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4915; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 165ff.; Jewish: Jason 1975; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 282; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 579; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 77; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1920A; French-American: Ancelet 1994, Nos. 64, 65; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 79; Mexican: Roure-Torent 1948, 57ff., Robe 1973, No. 1920A; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 49; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1920A.1*.","1.1]. It took ten (fifty, a hundred, etc.) smiths to forge the kettle. They stood so far apart as they worked that none of them could hear the others. Or, the enormous kettle belongs to a giant farmstead [X1031] (cf. Type 1960E) or giant ship (cf. Type 1960H). In the latter case, often either the cook or the ship itself, tossed in a storm, lands in the porridge pot and is mixed within the porridge. Cf. Type 1920A.",NA,"1920A, 1920F, 1960D, 1960E, and 1960H."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960G,The Great Tree,"BP II, 506�516; Ranke 1955b, 55; Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 198; EM 2 (1979) 586�592 (I. K�hler); EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 182.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 173, 179, 206, 209, 211, 238, 256�259; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 393, 394, 400; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 2, Viidalepp 1980, Nos. 110, 137; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 382; Catalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 7, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 18, Swanenberg 1986, 56f., Kooi 2003, No. 91; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 202; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1925a, No. 126, Hen�en 1944, 176ff., Grannas 1960, No. 107, Moser-Rath 1966, No. 59, Uther 1990a, No. 47, Tomkowiak 1993, 276, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 134, 149, 179, Haiding 1977a, No. 28; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 47; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 264, 307, II, 476, 524, 533, 561; Slovene: Ljubi 1944, 61f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 293�295; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 59, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 105, 106; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4904; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 213f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 173 V; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 31; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 130ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Qatar, Oman: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1889C1�; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 83, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 47; Australian: Wannan 1976, 26f., 49, 73, Scott 1985, 36; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1889C1�.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous tree (plant or beanstalk that grows up to the sky, etc.) [F54]. Cf. Types 317, 555, 804A, 852, 1889, 1889E, 1920C, 1920F, and 1960D. The following are the most common variants: An oak tree is so big that eighty people can dance on its stump. A church is built on the stump of a pine tree. A hole in the tree is used for a barn, and three hundred bears hibernate under the tree's roots. A road runs through the tree. A man drives a horse and wagon into the tree through a hole, and is lost there for three days before he finds his way out. When the tree is transported, its roots pass by a certain place on Easter but its crown does not come by until after Christmas.",NA,"1738, 1882, 1900, 1920A, and 1920H."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960H,The Great Ship,"BP II, 516; Henningsen 1963, 204f.; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 201; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Kooi 1993; Dekker et al. 1997, 320�323; Hansen 2002, 182f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 260; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 395i(3); Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 53; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 377, 379, II, Nos. 488�492; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 93a, 93b; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 197; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 237; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 6; Australian: Wannan 1976, 72.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous ship [X1061.1]. The following are the most common variants: A ship is so long that it takes a train three days to go from the bow to the stern. It is too long to turn about, and carries six million crew. When it was turned about in the Baltic Sea, its jib swept all the sheep into the water. In order for the ship to pass through the Kattegat Strait, its sides had to be rubbed with soap. A young cabin boy who climbs up the mast comes down as a gray-haired old man. The coxswain gives his orders from horseback (airplane or helicopter). The cook rides in the pot in a motorboat to stir the porridge. Cf. Type 1960F.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960J,The Great Bird,"Henningsen 1963; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 49; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 200; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 183.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 257; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Range 1981, No. 72; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 180; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 465; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 43, Roure-Torent 1948, 57f.; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 93b; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Zender 1935, No. 53, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 231; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 21; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3011, II, No. 4915; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 420f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Polynesian, New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, No. B31.1; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1991, No. 64; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 90, Baughman 1966; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1969, No. 9; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1920A.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous bird (eagle, grouse, hawk, crane, etc. , sometimes a goose, duck, or chicken) [B31.1]. The following are the most common variants: A bird is so big that when it is transported, people see only its neck for two days, and on the third day they come to see its body. Its nest is made from three cartloads of twigs and inside ist are plus some sheeps' bells, harnesses, etc. When a man tries to burn the nest, the bird puts out the fire with a load of water it has carried in a boat. A bird is so big that it darkens the whole sky.",NA,"1960D, 1960E, and 1960L."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960K,The Great Loaf of Bread,"Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 184.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 50, 261; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 126; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 134, Range 1981, No. 72; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1960ABCDEFGHJKZ; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 43; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. II, No. 94; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 168f.; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Croatian: Ardali 1902, 263ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 130ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous loaf of bread (cake, pudding, turnover, cheese, etc. [X1811.1]. Cf. Type 1833H. The following are the most common variants: A loaf of bread is so big that it never comes to an end. It was originally made for the wedding of the family's great-great-grandfather. A turnover is filled with seven sacks of turnips and meat from two pigs. Two casks of rye flour were used for the dough. A farmer uses a pitchfork to cut it and serve it to his family. Three hundred people are killed by the steam that escapes when it is pierced. A boat is made from the crust.",NA,"1960D, 1960E."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960L,The Great Egg,"Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 122; EM 3 (1981) 1115; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 184.","Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 160; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 43; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 93b; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 75; German: Zender 1935, No. 53, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 231; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 304, II, No. 4915; Bulgarian: BFP; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. X1318; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1920A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1960Z.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous egg. The following are the most common variants: An egg is so big that it has to be cut to pass through a doorway [X1813]. When the egg is broken open, forty cities are flooded.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Die sechs grosen luegen (1546).","1920A, 1960J."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1960M,The Great Insect,"Henningsen 1963; Henningsen 1965; EM 6 (1990) 239�249 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Hansen 2002, 184f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 262; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1960M, 1960M3; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 133; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 382; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 441; German: Thudt/Richter 1971, 23f., Selk 1982, No. 58; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 222; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 48; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 307; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 76; Greek: Georgeakis/Pineau 1894, No. 140ff., Loukatos 1957, 213f.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 165ff.; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, No. 343f.; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1960M3; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 280; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966, No. 1960M1, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 1960M1, 1960M2; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 79f. No. 1960M1, 20 (1945) 73f. No. 1960M1, 92 No. 1960M2; African American: Ancelet 1994, No. 84; Mexican: Robe 1973; Australian: Wannan 1976, 31f., 73, Scott 1985, 18f.","(Including the previous Types 1960M1'1960M3.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an enormous insect (bee, fly, gnat, louse, flea, grasshopper, etc.) [X1280'X1299]. The following are the most common variants: Giant lice eat three puppies. One louse holds a whole loaf of bread in its feet and eats it. A louse with a sheep's leg bone stuck between its teeth climbs into someone's bed. Cf. Type 857. The bones of a great gnat are used to make a fence. Giant mosquitos bore through the side of a kettle (as if with nails) and carry it away through the air [X1286.1.4] (previously Type 1960M1). Flies carry away people or animals [X1286.1.5, X1286.1.6] (previously Type 1960M2). A giant bumblebee fights with a bear (previously Type 1960M3).",NA,"1889, 1889C."
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1961,The Big Wedding,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 197.","Norwegian: Krypt�dia 1 (1883) 303ff., Hodne, No. 1961, p. 351; Hungarian: MNK VIII, cf. Nos. 1961A*�1961A7*; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 74.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with an unusual wedding (most are endless tales). The following example is common in Norway: A giant has sixty daughters (sons) [X1071] who all ride to a wedding on the same horse. The horse's backbone breaks and is repaired with a tree used as a splint. The giant gets the horse in his eye, a fox in his beard, etc. Cf. Types 1889D, 1911A.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1962,My Father's Baptism (Wedding),"EM 1 (1977) 1381�1386 (�. Kov�cs); Belgrader 1980b, No. 6.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 561; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 43; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 105, Dolenec 1972, No. 21; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 240, IV, No. 488; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 216f.; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 505f.; Jewish: Bloch 1931, 92f.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, No. 343f.; Kazakh: cf. Sidel�nikov 1952, 42ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 367ff.; Indian: Jason 1989.","A boy tells lies. For example, he claims that he was born before his father was born, baptized, or married. People send him to a mill (to climb up a sky-high tree) to get some flour (to find a witness for his parents' marriage or a name or godfather in heaven). He harnesses six sacks of flour to the wagon and loads it with six oxen. When he arrives at the mill it is not there, but out picking strawberries. He finds the mill and drives it home. While he was gone, the handle of his whip has grown into a sky-high tree with birds' nests in its branches. When he climbs up, the fledgling birds catch him and carry him away, and then drop him. He delivers the flour to his parents, dances with his mother at her wedding, and is born two years later. Cf. Type 1882.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1962A,The Great Wrestlers,,"Flemish: Meyer 1968; Hungarian: cf. MNK VIII, No. 1962B*; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 4; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1962N; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1962N, Mode/Ray 1967, 179ff., 183ff., Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 22; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 193ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1962A1; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Dorson 1964, 49ff.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with two (more) enormous, strong wrestlers (eaters) and their wrestling (eating) match [F531.3.4.1, F531.6.8.3.3, H1225, X941.3, X941.2, X941.4]. Cf. Types 650A, 650B, and 1960.",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1963,Boat without Bottom Sails Sea,"BP III, 115f., 118.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, No. 177; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 357; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 293, Fox 1942, No. 42, Benzel 1965, No. 137; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 367ff.","Someone tells about three ships loaded with cargo that sail on a brook (sea) without water. The first has no bottom, the second is without sides, and the third ship is not there.","Popular tall tale. Documented in the 16th century (Finckenritter, 4th journey).",1965.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1965,The Disabled Comrades (previously Knoist and his Three Sons),"HDM 2 (1934�40) 597f. (H. Honti); BP III, 115�119; Anderson 1927ff. III, No. 112; Boratav 1959; Spies 1961; Hen�en 1963c; Taylor 1964; Brockp�hler 1980; Uther 1981, 100f.; EM 5 (1987) 1147�1151 (P. N. Boratav).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. IV, Nos. 237, 370; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1716*, 1965; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1716*; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 411; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 542; French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 8; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 622, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 203, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 238; Walloon: Legros 1962, 113; German: Peuckert 1932, Nos. 301�305, Hen�en 1935, No. 293, Fox 1942, No. 41, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 82, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 138; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 51, Haiding 1969, No. 44; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 278ff. No. 8; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VIII; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 425f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4057, II, Nos. 4914, 5870; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1716*; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, Nos. 6, 11; Turkish: Boratav 1955, 21f., Sakaolu 1983, 6f.; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 261, 333; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1716*; Uzbek: Sa�dulla/�everdin et al. 1955, 148ff., Afghanistan Journal 9,4 (1982) 104; Mongolian: Mostaert 1947, 30 nos. 2, 3; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, 186f. No. 6; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1716*, Marzolph 1994a, 147ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 78; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1920**F; African American: Parsons 1923a, Nos. 107, 108; Egyptian, Sudanese, Tanzanian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 1716*; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1716*.) Three (one to six) disabled (blind, lame, dumb, deaf, naked) comrades (brothers) (pretend to) achieve feats that are incompatible with their disabilities [X1791]. They go hunting in an impossible place: in shrubbery that has not yet grown, using only defective weapons. Or, they go fishing on dry sand or in a dry river bed. They catch game (fish) that is nonexistent. They come to strange (decrepit) places (houses) where they meet dead people who become their servants and who give them an impossible vessel to cook their game (fish) in it. The game is prepared and cooked in a strange way and they have a strange meal. One of the dead servants dies during the meal and inherits. After the meal, the comrades go to a well (flood, river). They find a strange church (clergyman). Cf. Types 1698, 1930, and 1935.",NA,1963.
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1966,Faster than the Cold,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1967*; German: Konschitzky/Hausl 1979, 231; Hungarian: MNK VIII, No. 1920F*; .Australian: Wannan 1976, 36; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966, No. X1606.1(a); US-American: Baughman 1966, No. X1606.1(a); Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, No. *1967.","A man can ride his bicycle (horse, wagon, can run) so fast that he can stay ahead of the raindrops of an approaching thunderstorm. Only the tail of his horse gets wet [X1606.1].",NA,NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1967,The Big Freeze,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 746.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973, 61; French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 78; Dutch: Kooi 2003, Nos. 95, 97; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 1889X*, 1969*; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 77; German: cf. Hen�en 1951, No. 70; Italian: EM 10 (2002) 993 not. 22; English-Canadian: Fowke 1967, 179f.; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. X1622.3.3.1*, X1622.3.3.2*, Jackson/McNeil 1985, 107, Baker 1986, No. 60, Leary 1991, No. 281; French-American: Ancelet 1994, Nos. 68, 74.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tall tales dealing with a big freeze. Examples: (1) In very cold weather, when pots full of boiling water freeze, a woman goes out to urinate. While relieving herself she freezes to the ground. Her husband has to fetch a pair of blacksmith's shears to cut her free. (2) It is so cold, that a man freezes to his saddle. He must be thawed out beside a stove [X1606.2.1]. (3) It is so cold, that the urine of a man, who goes outside to relieve himself, freezes in an arc. (4) A man puts a pot with hot milk (chocolate) on ice. The milk freezes so fast that the ice is still warm [X1623, X1115.1] Cf. Types 1889F, 1891, 1927, and 1968.","Popular M�nchhausen tale (M�nchhausen/B�rger, ch. 2). Early literary versions (1, 3) in Europe, see Philippe le Picard (nos. 18, 24).",NA
Anecdotes And Jokes,Tall Tales 1875-1965,NA,1968,Severed Head Freezes to Body,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 261; M�ller-Fraureuth 1881, 71, 137; Thomas 1977, No. 94; Kooi 1984b; EM 10 (2002) 991.","Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 39; English: Zall 1970, 242; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. X1623.4; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 98; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1970*; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 239; German: M�llenhoff 1845, No. 103, Busch 1910, No. 31, Peuckert 1961f. II, No. 521; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. X1722*(b), X1722.1*.","On a very cold day the head of a decapitated man freezes back on his body before it can fall down to the ground. In a tavern (at home) in front of the fire he sneezes (blows his nose), and the head falls into the fire (the head melts) [X1623].","Early literary versions, see Hans Sachs, Die drey hencker (1552), and Philippe le Picard (No. 94).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,200,The Dogs' Certificate (previously The Dog's Certificate),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 103�127, 290�300; Bolte 1911b; BP III, 542�555; Leach 1961, 203; Dvo�k 1978, No. 1902*; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 317; EM 10 (2002) 1370�1376 (L. Lieb).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 86, 93, 162�164; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 40; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 231; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 246, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 200, cf. No. 2001*, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 82f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966, 149; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 14; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 7; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 261, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 34; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 10; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 380f.; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, No. 22, Vidal de Battini 1980ff., Nos. 788�796; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","The dogs have a certificate which they give to a cat to keep it for them. A mouse destroys this certificate. Since then dogs and cats are enemies [A2281.1], also cats and mice [A2494.1.1].","Documented in the 14th and 15th century by Klaret, Exemplarius (No. 116). The certificate�s content is often not described. 200, 200A and 200B are not clearly differentiated. Popular as a proverbial phrase.","102, 103, 110, 200A, and 200B."
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,200A,The Dog Loses a Certificate (previously Dog Loses his Patent Right) which he had put under his tail to cross a river,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 129�142, 300f.; BP III, 549�555; Leach 1961, 217�220, 269; EM 10 (2002) 1370�1376 (L. Lieb).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 86, 93, 162�164; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 29 No. 2.2.2.2; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 200; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 25, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 258; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Ranke 1966, No. 8, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 246b, cf. No. 247, Hubrich-Messow 2000, No. 200, Berger 2001; Italian: Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 27; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 25; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dance 1978, No. 10; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, Nos. 159, 168, 179; Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 619; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 200B.","The certificate guaranteed the dogs a privilege. To search for this lost certificate, dogs look (sniff) under each other's tails [A2275.5.5, cf. A2471.1]. Cf. Types 200, 200B.",Documented in 1530 in a German broadsheet. The specific privilege varies and often is not described. See Type 200.,"34, 200, 200B."
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,200B,Why Dogs Sniff at One Another,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 135�142; BP III, 543, 551, 553�555; Leach 1961, 217�220, 269; EM 6 (1990) 1360�1362 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 86, 93, 162�164; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 29 No. 2.2.2.2; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 200; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 200; Dutch: Vries 1971, 130; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 246a, Hubrich-Messow 2000, No. 200, Berger 2001; Italian: Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 20; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000; African American: Baer 1980, 142; Cuban: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Animals arrange a banquet and discover that the pepper is missing. One dog is sent to buy some but he does not return. Since then dogs sniff at one another to find that dog. Or, a dog is sent to get some medicine and does not return. (2) Some dogs are sent to heaven for an audience and, while waiting, they shit in heaven and are chased away. The next time spices or perfume are attached under their tails, but again they are chased away. These dogs do not return to the other dogs, who continue to look for the missing dogs by sniffing under each other's tails [A2232.8, Q433.3]. Cf. Type 200A.","(1) documented in the 19th century, (2) originates in an Aesopic fable (Phaedrus/Perry 1965, IV,19). See Type 200.","200, 200A."
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,200C*,Enmity between the Hare and the Dog (previously Hare and Hunting Dog Conduct a Store),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 129, 324f.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Catalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 119A*; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 119A*; Macedonian: epenkov 1958ff., No. 3, Eschker 1972, No. 14; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 131*; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 119A*; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 119A*, 200C*; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 10; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. *97; Namibian: Schmidt 1980, No. 66.",This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) The hare (stag) borrows the shoes of the dog (hare) and runs away with them. Since then the dog chases the hare [Cf. A2494.4.4]. (2) The hare secretly shaves the fur off the dog's soles. (Previously Type 119A*.),NA,200.
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,200D*,Why Cat Is Indoors and Dog Outside in Cold,EM 7 (1993) 1104.,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 8; Hungarian: MNK I, cf. 2001*; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 202*; Jewish: Jason 1988a.","A dog envies a cat her place indoors. They have a race and the winner gets to live indoors. The dog is faster than the cat, but loses because during the race he is attacked and detained by a beggar. Cf. Type 230*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,201,The Lean Dog Prefers Liberty to Abundant Food and a Chain,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 28 No. 200; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 433; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 88; Leach 1961, 268; Tubach 1969, No. 5337; Danner 1977; Dvo�k 1978, No. 5337; Schwarzbaum 1979, 318, 321�325; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 348, 625, cf. Nos. 112, 291, 309, 310, 578; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 294, M. 96; EM: Wolf: Der freie W. (Hund) (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 331, cf. No. 184; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. L451.3, cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 495; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Joco-Seria (1631) No. 138, Gerlach, Eutrapeliarum I (1656) 16 No. 87, Vademecum III (1786) 108ff. (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 231; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 396; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 201, cf. No. 245C*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 201, cf. No. *245C*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J211; Tunisian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 201A�; East African: Klipple 1992, No. 112.","A lean dog (wolf, lion, donkey, goldfinch, butterfly) would rather be free than have abundant food and be chained [L451.2, L451.3, J212.1, cf. J211]. Cf. Type 1871Z(2).","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 485 No. 346, cf. 484f. No. 342).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,201D*,The Dog Barks at the Thieves,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 110; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 56; Leach 1961, 266, 281f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 251�254; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 295.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. B325.1; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 288; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. B325.1, K2062; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K2062; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. K2062; Syrian: cf. El-Shamy 2004.","A thief tries to feed a watchdog to stop his barking. The dog realizes it and continues to bark to chase the thief away. If his master is robbed, there will be nothing left for the dog [K2062, cf. B325.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 496f. No. 403).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,201F*,Hostile Dogs are Made Friendly,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 400; Leach 1961, 268; Tubach 1969, No. 5342; Schwarzbaum 1979, xv, 281f., 284 not. 8; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 623; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 88.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 334.",They unite against a common enemy (wolf) [J145].,Fable of Talmudic origin.,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,201G*,The Dog at the Banquet,"Leach 1961, 267f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 298.",NA,A dog is invited to dinner by another dog but is chased off by the cook. On his way home he meets a dog who asks him how the dinner was. The first dog claims that he was so drunk that he cannot remember anything [J874].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 483 No. 328).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,202,The Two Stubborn Goats,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 54; Thiele 1912, 166�172; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 403; Schwarzbaum 1964, 191; cf. Fielhauer 1968; EM 2 (1979) 570�572 (E. Moser-Rath).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Carpenter 1980, 208ff.; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian: M�giste 1959, No. 121; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Neumann 1971, No. 39, Tomkowiak 1993, 241; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 1 IV; Jewish: Jason 1975; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 177; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 245; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","Two goats (horse and donkey, lion and fox) meet each other on a small bridge (stone). Neither will step aside. Both go ahead (fight with each other) and fall into the water [W167.1, J133.1].","Documented by Pliny, Naturalis historia (VIII,201). For variants with stubborn men, see Type 1563*.",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,203,Sheep and Horse Have Eating Contest,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 165; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977.",This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A sheep and a horse have an eating contest. The sheep thinks he lost because his legs were too weak [J2228]. (2) In the contest between goat and hare the goat wins because it ruminates.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,204,"Animals in Peril at Sea (previously Duck, Rooster, and Sheep in Peril at Sea)",EM: Tiere auf Seereise (in prep.).,"Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 204, 204A; Swedish: Bondeson 1882, 225, Sahlgren/Djurklou 1943, 164; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 30�34, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 10; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001, No. 204*; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 14; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 7.204,I.","When some animals (e.g. duck, rooster, sheep, goose, pig, goat, cat, mouse, rat) are in danger at sea the duck swims, the rooster flies up the mast, and the sheep drowns. Each animal calls out something that corresponds onomatopoetically to its characteristic voice [J1711.1, A2426]. Cf. Types 106, 211B*, 236*, 289.",Tale explaining the meaning of animal voices (sometimes lost in translation).,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,206,Straw Threshed a Second Time,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 166; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 41; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 201; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 26, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK I; Ukrainian: SUS.","At night, the animals say they have good food because the straw has not been well threshed. The master hears this and threshes the straw a second time. The animals go hungry [cf. J2362].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,207,Rebellion of the Work Animals,EM 1 (1977) 989�994 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser).,"Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. *207, 670; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Peruvian: Hansen 1957, Nos. *207, 670.","A rooster advises a donkey and an ox to feign illness so they can work less. The farmer overhears this talk and has the rooster slaughtered [K1633]. Cf. Types 207A, 207B.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,207A,A Donkey Induces Overworked Ox to Feign Sickness,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 179f. No. 104; EM 1 (1977) 989�994 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser); Schwarzbaum 1979, 317f., 320 not. 20, 545; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 2, 3.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *218; German: Dittmaier 1950, 133f., Hen�en 1961, No. 26, Berger 2001, No. 207A**; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK I; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 53; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 56f.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 37, Jason 1989; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 240f.; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 207; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Peruvian: Hansen 1957, No. *207; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 44; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 44, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Jahn 1970, No. 28, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1976, 108ff.","The donkey must do the ox's work, so he persuades the ox to stop being ill. Cf. Types 207, 207B.","Documented in the Arabian Nights (Littmann 1921ff. I, 27�31).",670.
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,207A*,The Lazy Horse (previously Lazy Horse is Always Waiting),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1969 VII, 148; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 95.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 17; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 146.",The lazy horse (hard-working donkey) always waits for the next season. The diligent one is pleased with any season.,Documented in the 15th century. Appears as a fable as well as in sermons.,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,207B,Hard-hearted Horse and Donkey,"EM 1 (1977) 989�994 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser); Schwarzbaum 1979, xlviii not. 83; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 118; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. H. 192.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 110, 326; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Sobel 1958, No. 34, Tomkowiak 1993, 207; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 16; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS.","A horse refuses to help an overburdened donkey, so it collapses. Afterwards, the horse has to carry the load alone [W155.1]. Cf. Types 207, 207A.","Aesopic fable of Babrios (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 7), cf. also Plutarch, De tuenda sanitate praecepta (ch. 25).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,207C,Animals Ring Bell and Demand Justice,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 201f.; Basset 1924ff. II, 268 No. 38; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 648; Heller 1931, 12�16; Wesselski 1931, 20�22; HDM 2 (1934�40) 636�638 (B. Heller); Tubach 1969, No. 4255; �zdemir 1975, 329�363; EM 5 (1987) 1295�1299 (H.-J. Uther).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 72; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 241, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 459; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 870; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4255; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976; Turkish: Hammer-Purgstall 1813 II, No. 29; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, 153f.; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 275; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 54; Moroccan: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. B271.3.","A king (Charlemagne, Anu'irwn) has a bell which petitioners for justice may ring. An old horse (donkey) rings the bell and accuses his master of having chased him away because he is old and weak. The king orders the master to care for the old animal. Or, the bell is rung by a snake which is menaced by a toad. The king kills the toad and the snake shows gratitude by healing the blind king [B271.3].","Early literary source in Europe, see Jansen Enikel, Weltchronik (25673) in the 13th century and Gesta Romanorum (No. 105). Oriental origin.",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,209,The Donkeys Decide to Kill the Saddler,,"Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 167f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *207***; Greek: Megas 1978, No. *209.","Some donkeys decide to kill the saddler to get rid of their work. When an old donkey warns them that the next saddler will be inexperienced, they renounce their plan [Cf. J215].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,210,"Rooster, Hen, Duck, Pin, and Needle on a Journey [B296, F1025]","Aarne 1913; BP I, 75�79, 375; Scherf 1995 I, 592�594; Dekker et al. 1997, 72f.; EM: Tiere auf Wanderschaft (in prep.).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 45; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 242, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 10, 41, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 114 ff.; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 210**; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *210A; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 34, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 29; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 53; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 24; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, cf. Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","The animals and objects (also egg, millstone, dog, mouse, crayfish) hide in various parts of a house. They kill the house's owner with their characteristic strengths [K1161]. In some variants they save him (a young woman) from danger or take revenge for one of their companions who was killed.",NA,"125, esp. 130, 2021."
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,210*,Verlioka,"Scherf 1995 II, 1261�1263.","Russian: SUS 210*B, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 301; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 210*B; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Jason 1989.","The terrible demon, Verlioka, kills two girls and their grandmother. The grandfather sets out for the demon's hut to punish him. On the way he meets various objects and animals (e.g. rope, cow-dung, stick, duck, crayfish, acorn) which join him since they also want to take revenge. Together they kill the demon.",Mainly documented in Russia.,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,211,The Two Donkeys and their Loads (previously The Two Asses),"Schwarzbaum 1964, 192; EM 4 (1984) 423�425 (C. Schmidt); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 94; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 191, M. 47.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 227, Tomkowiak 1993, 205; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 51; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 211***; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A donkey loaded with salt falls into a river. His load becomes light. A second donkey loaded with sponges (feathers) tries to reduce the weight in the same way, but he (almost) drowns, because the water makes his load heavier [J1612]. Or, two birds have a contest to see which of them can fly higher while carrying a load. One bird carries cotton, the other salt. During the contest it rains, so the second bird wins [K25.2].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 455 No. 180). Older variants have only one donkey with two different loads.",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,211B*,"Animals Go into a Tavern (previously The Gander, the Drake, and the Boar Go into the Tavern)",,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: cf. Kubitschek 1920, 78; Hungarian: cf. MNK I, No. 211C*.","Three animals go into a tavern. The first animal (gander, duck) orders a beer, the second (drake, goat) says they cannot pay for it, but the third (boar, turkey) reassures the innkeeper that they will pay later. Conversation between animals with imitation of animal voices. Cf. Types 106, 204, 236*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,212,The Lying Goat,"BP I, 346�349; Scherf 1995 II, 1198�1201; Schmidt 1999; EM: Ziege: Die boshafte Z. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 168; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896, No. 30; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1966, No. 9, Tomkowiak 1993, 242, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 36, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Vernaleken 1892, No. 22; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 212, 212A*; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 6; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 133f.; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 151f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 63; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 9; Rumanian: cf. Schullerus 1928, No. 103I*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1926, 425ff.; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A man sends the members of his family one after the other to pasture the goat. Back home, the goat always complains it did not get anything to eat. The man angrily sends away his sons (daughters, wife) or kills them. When he himself pastures the goat he realizes that it lies. He skins the goat (shaves its head) to punish it. The goat escapes into a foxhole and drives away a fox, a wolf and a bear. A bee (hedgehog, ant) succeeds in driving the goat away [K1151, Q488.1].",Combination with Type 563 only in variants derived from Grimms� Kinder- und Hausm�rchen (No. 36). The second part of the tale is often classified as Type 2015.,"123, 563, and 2015."
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,214,The Donkey Tries to Caress his Master (previously Ass Tries to Caress his Master like a Dog),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 196 No. 23, III, 49 No. 1; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 50; Tubach 1969, No. 372; Schwarzbaum 1979, 81�87; EM 4 (1984) 419�423 (C. Schmidt); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 96; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 93, M. 45, S. 220.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. J2413.1, Chevalier 1983, No. 21, Goldberg 1998, No. J2413.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J2413.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 99; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 73, Tomkowiak 1993, 206; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k, No. 372; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 925�927, Thompson/Roberts 1960; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. J2413.1; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A donkey, watching how well the dog is treated, tries to flatter his master in the same way. But he is punished for his actions [J2413.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 438f. No. 91).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,214*,The Donkey Envies the Horse in its Fine Trappings,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 76; Schwarzbaum 1964, 192; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 2615; EM 4 (1984) 435�440 (I. K�hler); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 112, cf. Nos. 461, 578; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 272, H. 286, M. 151, not-H. 109.","French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 112, 116, 376; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. J212.1, L452.2; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Noy 1976; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 288; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 219ff.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 267; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","When the horse is killed in a battle (must work in a mill [L452.1.7]) the donkey is no longer envious [J212.1, L452.2, cf. L451.2].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 486 No. 357).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,214A,Singing Donkey and Dancing Camel (previously Camel and Ass Together Captured because of Ass's Singing),"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 49 No. 1; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 4387; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 121; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1122; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. S. 40, cf. No. M. 218.","Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 174; Dagestan: Dirr 1920, No. 35; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 34; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 207B; Palestinian, Jordanian, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 20, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 214; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2137.6; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Jahn 1970, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A donkey and a camel (fox and donkey, scorpion and frog) are captured because of the donkey's singing. They have to work in a caravan. When the donkey refuses to cross a river with the caravan the camel has to carry it. The camel starts to dance and throws the donkey into the river [J2137.6, J2133.1]. Cf. Type 100.",Documented in the early 12th century as an Arabian anecdote.,NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,214B,The Donkey in Lion's Skin (previously Ass in Lion's Skin Unmasked when he Raises his Voice),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 224 No. 22, III, 66; Cock 1918, 184�194; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 157; Tubach 1969, No. 386; Schwarzbaum 1979, 264�269; EM (1984) 428�435 (C. Schmidt); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 117; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 199, M. 52.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 18; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 22, Goldberg 1998, No. J951.1; Catalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 104; German: Sobel 1958, No. 34, Tomkowiak 1993, 207; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 386; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 991; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 214B*; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, No. J951.1.","A donkey (hare), disguised in a lion's skin, spreads fear, but is found out by its voice or another characteristic feature [J951.1, K362.5]. Cf. Type 123B.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 457 No. 188). Sometimes used as a proverb.",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,215,A Jackdaw (Crow) Tries to Carry off a Lamb as an Eagle Does,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 137; Schwarzbaum 1979, 478, 480 not. 16; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 6.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 4; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J2413.3; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J2413.3.",The lamb is too heavy but the jackdaw cannot drop it because it is caught in the lamb's fleece [J2413.3].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 422 No. 2).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,217,The Cat with the Candle (previously The Cat and the Candle),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 639�641; Chauvin 1892ff. 1892 II, 200 No. 42; Cosquin 1922, 401�495; Tubach 1969, No. 885; Schwarzbaum 1979, 439f. not. 11; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 365; EM 7 (1993) 1113�1117 (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 169; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1903, Nos. 518, 519; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 217, cf. No. 217*; French: Delarue/Teneze 1964ff. III; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 255; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, 127ff. No. 146; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 885; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 407; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 1; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 242; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Coleman 1965, 119ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1955, 306f.; Armenian: Levin 1982, No. 2; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 416ff.; Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 13; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 142f., El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Oman: Campbell 1954, 109ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1223, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: O�Conner 1906, No. 6; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 173; Egyptian: Weisweiler 1978f. II, No. 8, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 165; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 50, Nowak 1969, No. 165, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 48; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","(Including the previous Type 217*.) A man trains a cat (monkey, dog) to hold lighted candles on its head [cf. K264.2]. When a mouse runs through the room, the cat drops the candle and chases the mouse [J1908.1]. Cf. Type 218.","Documented in the 10th century in the Arabian literature (Basset 1924ff. II, 449 No. 127). Often part of a wager or a dispute about whether nature or education exert the greatest influence. Dispute between well-known characters (e.g. Solomon and Marcolf).","314, 550, 888A."
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,218,A Cat Transformed to a Maiden Runs after a Mouse,"BP IV, 121; Schwarzbaum 1964, 192; Schwarzbaum 1979, 439f. not. 11; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 335; EM 7 (1993) 1114, 1116 not. 13.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 102; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 158.","A cat (weasel) is transformed into a woman so she can marry a young man, but she continues to chase mice [J1908.2]. Cf. Type 217.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 429 No. 50).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,219E*,"The Old Man Has a Rooster, the Old Woman a Hen",EM 6 (1990) 398f. not. 33.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Flemish: Goyert 1925, 40f.; German: Zaunert 1926, 313f.; Slovene: Vrtec 19 (1889) 149f.; Serbian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 39, Filipovi 1949, 258; Russian: SUS, Nos. 219E*, 219E**; Ukrainian: SUS.","An old man envies a woman because of the eggs of her hen. He sends his rooster off to bring him some money. When the rooster returns with a lot of money, the old woman sends the hen off to do the same, but she returns without success.",NA,715.
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,219E**,The Hen that Laid the Golden Eggs,"Cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 53; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 177; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 229; EM 5 (1987) 677, 681 not. 17; cf. EM 6 (1990) 374.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 241A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 555*; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 420; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. D876, J2129.3; Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 112, 236; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 555*; German: Sobel 1958, 25f., Rehermann 1977, 324 No. 18, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IX, No. 2S/785, XIII, No. 2Wat/233; Berger 2001, No. 852**; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 178V; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 555*; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. D876; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1305F; Tanzanian: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 211f.","A hen (goose) lays one golden egg every day (for a poor woman). Thinking that the hen must be full of gold, the woman (her husband) kills it but finds nothing special inside [D876, J514, J2129.3].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 437 No. 87). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,219F*,The Dog and the Sow Argue (previously Dog and Hog Dispute),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 274 not. 6; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 497; EM 7 (1993) 1258�1264 (C. Schmitt); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. not-H. 247, H. 251, M. 101.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 494; Hungarian: MNK I.","A dog and a hog argue about which one of them gives birth more easily. When the dog declares that, of all animals, she gives birth the most easily, the hog points out that the dog's pups are blind at birth [J243.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 465 No. 223).",NA
Animal Tales,Domestic Animals 200-219,NA,219H*,The Rooster and the Pearl,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 33; Tubach 1969, No. 3635; Sch�tze 1973, 129�132; Speckenbach 1978; Schwarzbaum 1979, 14�17; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 249.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 159; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1061.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1061.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J1061.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 125; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *245B*.",A rooster prefers a single seed to a lot of pearls [J1061.1].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 521 No. 503).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,220,The Council of Birds,Verfasserlexikon 7 (1989) 1007�1012 (N. Henkel); Uther 2001; EM 10 (2002) 573�576 (S. Schmitt).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 221; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: cf. Cifarelli 1993, No. 382; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. B232; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 34, 35; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 220A*; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. B238.2; Chinese: Ting 1978; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 45; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. B232.",The eagle as judge assigns to each species of birds their nesting places and work [B238.1].,"Combined with etiological tales about birds� habits. Documented in the late Middle Ages by Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 327) and by Chaucer, The Parlement of Foules.",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,220A,The Trial of the Crow by the Eagle,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 211; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 36; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A crow is tried and punished for various crimes. In order to avenge itself, the crow slanders other birds who are then also punished.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,221,The Election of King of Birds,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 220, No. 152(8); D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 160�184; BP III, 278�283; Schwarzbaum 1979, 234�239; EM 8 (1996) 181�186 (M. Eickelmann); Dekker et al. 1997, 189f.; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 244, M. 142, not-H. 57, cf. No. M. 344; Uther 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 170; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 42; Estonian: cf. Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 117f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 390; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 101; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 171, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5396; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 211; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 35f.; Rumanian: Gaster 1915, No. 98; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *221C; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 15; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 220A*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 228, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 75; Australian: Waterman 1987, No. 4590; Guinean, East African, Congolese, Angolan: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Klipple 1992; Malagasy: cf. Haring 1982, No. 1.5.221, Klipple 1992.",The birds have a contest to choose their king [B236.0.1]. The wren wins by cleverness and becomes king [B242.1.2] [B236.1]. See esp. Types 221A and 221B.,"This type comprises in its entirety 221A, 221B and motif A2233.3. Documented by Plutarch, Moralia (V,1) and Praecepta gerendae rei publicae (XII,806E).",220.
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,221A,Test: who can Fly Highest The birds agree that whichever of them flies highest will be their king,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 160�169; BP III, 278�283; Schwarzbaum 1979, 234�239; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 655; EM 8 (1996) 181�186 (M. Eickelmann); Dekker et al. 1997, 189f.; Uther 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 170; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Johnsson 1920, 161; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 57; Welsh: MacDonald 1982, No. K25.1; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 232f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 171, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 221; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 20.","The wren hides in the eagle's wings and waits until the eagle reaches his highest point. Then the wren flies out, higher than the eagle [K25.1]. Cf. Type 221.",See Type 221.,"221, 221B."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,221B,Test: who can Go Deepest in Earth The birds agree that whichever of them can go deepest in the earth will be their king,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 169�172; BP III, 278�283; Schwarzbaum 1979, 234�239; EM 8 (1996) 181�186 (M. Eickelmann); Dekker et al. 1997, 189f.; Uther 2001.",NA,"The wren goes down into a mousehole. The other birds try to starve him out [K17.1.1]. The owl is supposed to guard the exit of the hole, but the wren escapes nevertheless [A2233.3]. Cf. Type 221.",Rarely independently transmitted. The etiological legend is sometimes used to explain why other birds chase the owl or why the owl is active only at night.,"221, 221A."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,222,War between Birds (Insects) and Quadrupeds (previously War of Birds and Quadrupeds),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 199�208; BP II, 435�438; cf. Schwarzbaum 1979, 158f., 224�231; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 630; EM 8 (1996) 430�436 (R. W. Brednich); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 150, not-H. 302, cf. No. M. 265; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 222; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 64; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 222C; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 34, 58, 75, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 222C; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 242f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 102, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 16; Russian: Pomeranzewa 1964, No. 34; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 3; Jason 1965; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 59; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Dejun/Xueliang 1982, 56ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. B261; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 32; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 291, 293, cf. 290, 292; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Peruvian: Hansen 1957; Paraguayan: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 40; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 16, 17; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 29; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 2, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean, Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 660; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A bear (wolf, lion) insults the children of a wren (insults an insect). The wren declares war, and the flying animals fight against the quadrupeds. The fox leads the quadrupeds and lifts his tail to signal that they are on the advance. Gnats bite the fox under the tail, so he lowers it. The quadrupeds think they have lost and retreat [K2323.1]. The flying animals win [B261]. Cf. Type 103.","Documented by Marie de France, �sope (No. 65) in the 12th century. The modern tradition begins with J. and W. Grimm, Kinder- und Hausm�rchen (No. 102). The variants differ with regard to the cause of the war.","313, 537."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,222A,The Bat in War between Birds and Quadrupeds (previously Bat in War of Birds and Quadrupeds),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 197�199; BP II, 237; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 77; Tubach 1969, No. 501; Schwarzbaum 1979, 224�231; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 147; EM 8 (1996) 430�436 (R. W. Brednich); Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 476.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 222; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Veckenstedt 1883, No. 120,2; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 104; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. A2491.1, B261.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. B261.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 410, Kooi 2003, No. 102; German: Sobel 1958, No. 42, Tomkowiak 1993, 209; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 501; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Esche 1976, 266ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. III, 114f.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 222,IV; North American Indian: Konitzky 1963, No. 47; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 26, Klipple 1992, 346, 348f.","Because of its ambiguous form the bat joins first one side and then the other, but it always takes the side of the winner. The animals notice this when they make peace. Consequently, the bat is despised by all animals [B261.1]. Often used to explain why bats fly only at night [A2491.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 527 No. 566).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,222B,Quarrel between Mouse and Sparrow (previously War between Mouse and Sparrow),"Levin 1994, 2f.; EM: Sperling und Maus (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 222; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 222B*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 99; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 222B*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 222B*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: B�aloideas 35�36 (1967�1968) 24�36, 351; Hungarian: MNK I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 222B*; Mordvinian: Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. IV, 874ff.; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 69; Ostyak: Gulya 1968, No. 23; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 57, 107, 108; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.",(Including the previous Type 222B*.) A mouse and a sparrow want to share the food they have stored for the winter (try to divide a single remaining grain). Their quarrel turns into a war between birds and quadrupeds in which the eagle is injured.,Usually exists in combination with other types.,"313, 537."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,223,The Bird and the Jackal (previously The Bird and the Jackal as Friends),"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 319; EM 6 (1990) 1355; Schmidt 1999.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 56B*, 56C*, 248A*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 56B*, 56C*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 56C*, 248A*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 56C*; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 7; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff., No. 56B*; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 248A*; Catalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 20, cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 252, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 56C*, 56E*; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 48, Neumann 1971, No. 51, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 58; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 56B*; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 140, 271; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 248A*; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 50; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 56E*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 248A*; Gypsy: Aichele 1926, No. 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 56B*, 248A*; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 40; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 106ff., �akryl 1975, No. 6; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 23f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 47ff.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 16, 320; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 248A*; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 208f., Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: cf. Schleberger 1985, No. 43; Chinese: Ting 1978; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Frobenius 1921ff. III, Nos. 5, 9, El-Shamy 2004; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 56E*.","(Including the previous Types 56B*, 56C*, 56E*, and 248A*.) A jackal (fox) orders a bird (often a lark) to obtain food. The bird flies near men carrying baskets of food. The men drop the baskets to pursue the bird and the jackal eats the food. The jackal orders the bird to make him laugh. The bird lands on the heads of two men so that they fight with one another [K1082.3]. The jackal orders the bird to make him cry. The bird leads men or dogs to the jackals's hiding place. The jackal orders the bird to save his life. The bird lures the jackal to a crocodile, then strikes the crocodile so that the jackal is able to escape. Cf. Type 248.","Variants often contain only the first two or three episodes. These episodes may be motivated by enmity (the jackal killed the young birds) as well as by friendship. The previous Types 56B*, 56C* and 56E* include different combinations of two or three of the above episodes.","1, 6, 56, 56A, 56B, and 154."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,224,Bird (Beetle) Wedding (previously Wedding of the Turkey and the Peacock),"B�ckel 1885, XCIVf.; Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, Nos. 163�165; Bolte 1902; HDA 8 (1936/37) 1679�1681 (H. Kunstmann); Opie/Opie 1950, No. 175; cf. Scherf 1995 I, 573f.; EM: Vogelhochzeit (in prep.)","Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 224; French: RTP 5 (1890) 15�19; German: Wackernagel 1843, 37ff., Wossidlo 1897ff. II,1, 426�430, R�hrich/Brednich 1965f. II, No. 73, Brednich 1979, 41f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Nedo 1931, 24ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 243*; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 103A1�; Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: cf. El-Shamy 2004, 103A1�.","Miscellaneous type. Birds (turtle and peacock, frog and mouse, owl and hoopoo, lark and nightingale, etc. ) or insects (beetle, grasshopper, ant, etc) intend to marry. Many guests (birds, insects, other animals) are invited and/or they are assigned to prepare for the wedding. The course of the wedding feast is described (including unpleasant event) [B282ff.]. Cf. Type 243*.",Documented in the 16th century. Popular as animal wedding song.,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,225,The Crane Teaches the Fox to Fly,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 269�271; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 1832; L�thi 1980a; EM 4 (1984) 1290�1295 (J. K�hn); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 171; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 3; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 6, 9, 11, 15, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Matietov 1973, No. 34; Serbian: Filipovi 1949, 255f.; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 117; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, 19ff.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 41; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 165; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 15; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 102ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 396; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 267ff.; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American, Mexican, Nicaraguan, Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 375ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 13; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 18, 19; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 30; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Scelles-Millie 1970, 17ff., El-Shamy 2004; Chad: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 38; East African: cf. Kohl-Larsen 1976, 43ff., 147ff.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 225, cf. No. J 2357.1.","A fox (jackal, wolf, tortoise) asks crane (stork) to teach him to fly. Once high up in the sky, the bird drops the fox [K1041]. Usually, the fox dies upon hitting the ground, but in some cases he is saved. Cf. Type 225A.",NA,"56, 56A, 60, 122, 122J, 226, and 537."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,225A,The Tortoise Lets itself be Carried by Birds (previously Tortoise Lets self be Carried by Eagle),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 269�271; Puntoni 1912; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 155; Hunger 1966; Tubach 1969, Nos. 625, 1832; Schwarzbaum 1979, 116�119; EM 4 (1984) 1290�1295 (J. K�hn); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 7, 8, 567; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 259, M. 25.","French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 6, 491; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J567.2; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 30; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 122; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 225A, 225B*; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1832; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 225A, *225B*; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1001, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 89f.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, Nos. 19, 45; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, No. 45; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 47, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. J2357, J 2357.1.","A tortoise is carried up into the air by two birds (herons, geese, swans) who hold onto a stick which the tortoise holds in its mouth. When it speaks, it loses its grip and drops to its death [J2357]. Or, a bird (eagle) takes the tortoise into the air, drops it so that it smashes, and eats it [J657.2, A2214.5.1]. Sometimes used to explain why the shell of the tortoise has cracks.","The first tale is of Buddhistic origin, the second is an Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 466 No. 230, 521 No. 490).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,226,The Goose Teaches the Fox to Swim,EM 4 (1984) 1290�1295 (J. K�hn).,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 3; German: Asmus/Knoop 1898, 69, 99, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 24; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 18, II, 405 No. 159.","The goose drowns it [K1042]. In some (German) variants, the goose teaches the fox to dance and flies away.",NA,"58, 91, 122J, and 225."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,227,Geese Ask for Respite for Prayer,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 187f. No. 354; BP II, 206�210; HDM 2 (1934�40) 297f. (H. Diewerge); cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 616, 652; EM 5 (1987) 486�489 (D. D. Rusch-Feja).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926, No. 227A; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Catalan: cf. Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 26; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Haltrich 1956, No. 114, Uther 1990a, No. 38, Tomkowiak 1993, 243, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 86; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5332***; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 147; Slovene: Valjavec/Levec 1900, 112; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 18; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 16; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 56; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 18a; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *62; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 626�628, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 122**D; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 234; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 24; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A fox (wolf) wants to eat geese (ducks, piglets) but they ask him to grant them a last wish: a prayer [K551.1] or a dance. They crackle continuously. Sometimes people come to help them (they are able to escape). Cf. Types 6, 1199.",NA,"47B, 122A, and 122B."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,227*,The Crow and the Crayfish (previously The Crayfish Entices the Crow into Talking),"EM: �berreden zum Sprechen, Singen etc. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 172; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926, No. 227B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 14; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 629, 630; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 2.","A crow catches a crayfish. The crayfish compliments the crow, who opens its beak to reply. The crayfish falls into the water and escapes. Cf. Types 6, 6*, 57 and 61.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,228,A Little Bird Tries to be Bigger (previously The Titmouse Tries to be as Big as a Bear),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 160, 162, No. 15; EM 5 (1987) 401�404 (I. Tomkowiak); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 374, not-H. 273.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 173; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 43; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 228, cf. No. 281B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Bulgarian: BFP; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 849; Korean: Choi 1979; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 404 No. 115; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 348, Klipple 1992; Somalian, Congolese, South African: Klipple 1992.","A titmouse (wren) ruffles up her feathers to be as big as a bear but her children laugh at her. In her usual shape (sometimes also gnat, bee) she flies into the bear's (tiger, wolf) ear and kills him [L315.1]. Cf. Type 277A.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,229,Animals Fear a Bird's Body Part (previously The Hawk Frightened at the Snipe's Bill),"Cf. Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 100.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 174; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 231; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1571.","A hawk is afraid of a snipe's bill, but is reassured by the snipe [J2616]. Other animals fear the rooster (a fox fears a bell) because they believe that it has fire on its head. One animal tells them that it is harmless. Cf. Type 112**.",Variants with rooster originate in East Africa.,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,230,The Rearing of the Large-headed and Large-eyed Bird,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 175, 176; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Spanish: cf. R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, Nos. 54, 55; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","An eagle (hawk) fosters an owl. When he learns how long the owl can live, he kills it [K1985].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,230*,"The Race of the Rooster, the Birch-cock and the Birch-hen",,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 177, 178; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 44; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984.",The animals decide whichever wins a race may live in town (on the farm). The rooster deceives the others and wins [A2250.1]. Cf. Type 200D*.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,231,The Heron and the Fish (previously The Heron [Crane] Transports the Fish),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 33, 41 not. 52; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 572; EM 8 (1996) 329�331 (B. Steinbauer); cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 239.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 182; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K815.14; Catalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 18; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Giese 1925, No. 44; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 446, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: MacDonald 1982, No. K815.14; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 20; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 102; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Guatemalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1983, No. 63.","A heron (crane) tells the fish that their lake is drying up. It promises to transport them one by one to another lake, but eats them instead. A crab sees through the deception, seizes the heron by the throat, and kills it [J657.3, K815.14].",Documented in the Indian Jtaka (No. 38).,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,231*,Animals Eat Each Other,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 111; EM: Tiere fressen einander (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 231*, 230B*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 230B*; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 194; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **231.","(Including the previous Type 230B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales in which smaller animals are eaten by bigger ones. Sometimes the last one in the food chain (fox, lion, bear) is shot by a hunter or bursts. Cf. Type 20A.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,231**,The Falcon and the Doves (previously The Eagle Wants to Tear the Dove to Pieces),"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 55; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 3778; Schwarzbaum 1979, 254�257; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 555; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 322, not-H. 172, cf. No. M. 126.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 150; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K815.8; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K815.8; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 85; Hungarian: MNK I.",Doves beg a falcon to help them (they elect him king) but he eats them and their young [K815.8].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 520 No. 486).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,232,The Birch-cock and the Birds of Passage,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 179; German: Jahn 1889, No. 586; Slovene: Vrtec 26 (1896) 76; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 34, cf. No. 37.",A heathcock prefers to remain at home in spite of the hard winter than to go to foreign lands [J215.3].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,232C*,"Which Bird Is Father A very small bird goes to God with his adult son, and asks God to guess which of them is the father and which the son",,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 1.",God: 'There is a spot on the father's nose.' The father quickly rubs his nose and God knows the answer [Cf. J1141.1].,Estonian variants have human actors.,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,232D*,A Crow Drops Pebbles into a Water Jug (previously Crow Drops Pebbles into Water Jug so as to be Able to Drink),"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 173; Schwarzbaum 1979, 443f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 360; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 130, not-H. 143.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 165; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J101; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J101; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 315; German: Rehermann 1977, 349, Tomkowiak 1993, 221; Hungarian: MNK I; Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Jason 1989; US-American: Burrison 1989, 196; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",A thirsty crow drops pebbles into a tall jug of water. The water level rises so that the crow is able to drink from the jug [J101].,"Documented by Plutarch, Moralia (No. 967A), also Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 493f. No. 390).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,233A,The Birds Escape by Shamming Death,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 366f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 453; Marzolph 1992 I, 99f.; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. S. 302; EM: V�gel und Netz (in prep.).","Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 153; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, 106ff., Mostaert 1947, 276ff.; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 191; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 500�502, 508, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 130.","Birds caught in a fowler's net (cage) follow the advice of an old bird and pretend to be dead. After the fowler throws them out onto the ground, they fly away [K522.4]. Cf. Types 1, 33, and 239.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,233B,The Birds Fly Off with the Net,"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 556; EM: V�gel und Netz (in prep.).","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 429; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 56; Slovene: Vrtec 1 (1871) 9f.; Kurdish: Hadank 1930, 314f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 9ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 386; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 735, cf. Nos. 700, 1056, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 80f., Gaudes 1987, No. 21; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","Birds caught in a fowler's net fly off with the net [K581.4.1]. They fly to a mouse (rat) who gnaws the net and sets them free. Cf. Types 75, 75A.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,233C,The Swallow and the Hemp-seeds,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 274f.; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 53; Schwarzbaum 1964, 193; Tubach 1969, No. 4686; Schwarzbaum 1979, 95�101; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 131, 522; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 39, M. 61; EM: V�gel und Netz (in prep.).","French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 107, 234; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J621.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J621.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 403; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4686; Greek: cf. Megas, No. **245; US-American: MacDonald 1981, No. J621.1; Cameroon: Tessmann 1921, 27ff.","Birds ignore the advice of a swallow (owl, tortoise) to eat hempseeds (mistletoe) as fast as they are sowed. Ridiculed, the swallow builds his nest among the dwellings of men. Later the other birds are caught in nets made from the hemp [J621.1]. Sometimes used to explain why the swallow lives close to humans.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 428 No. 39).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,233D,The Birds and the Fowler,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 151 No. 13; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 409; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 100; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1773, 3606; Schwarzbaum 1979, 98f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 568.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 199; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J869.1.",Birds see the watery eyes of a hunter and think he weeps out of pity for them. One clever bird tells them that it is not so [J869.1].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 531f. No. 576).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,234,The Nightingale and the Blindworm,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 72�76; D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 136�140; BP I, 57f.; EM 2 (1979) 474�476 (J. T. Bratcher).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 180, 181; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Neumann 1971, No. 47, Tomkowiak 1993, 243; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 6; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 234**A; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 1.6.234, 2.1.234A, 2.1.234B.","Both have one eye. The nightingale (crow, dove, fox, tick) borrows the blindworm's eye and then refuses to return it. Since then, she has two eyes and the blindworm has none. The latter lives in a tree where the nightingale has her nest and in revenge bores holes in the nightingale's eggs [A2241.5]. Cf. Types 235, 244.","Documented in 1612 in a Polish variant. Also appears in 1812 in the first edition of the Kinder- und Hausm�rchen of J. and W. Grimm (No. 6), taken from a French source.",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,234A*,The Birds Brew Beer,,Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Hungarian: MNK I.,Birds brew beer in a river with one grain or one ear of grain. They rejoice that the beer is excellent.,For variants with human actors see Type 1260A.,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,235,The Jay Borrows the Cuckoo's Skin,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 131�140; Smith 1927; Schmidt 1999; EM: Tiere borgen voneinander (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 182; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 36 No. 1.1.2.11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Coelho 1965, 70ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 172; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; African American: Baer 1980, 158f.; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. A2241; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.1.235; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 606.","But he does not return it [A2313.1, A2241].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,235C*,A Bird has New Clothes Made,,"Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 57f.; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 11; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 7; Mexican: TFSP 12 (1935) 19f.; Venezuelan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I",It flies away without paying [K233.1].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,236,The Magpie Teaches the Dove to Build a Nest (previously The Thrush Teaches the Doves (etc,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 191�202; EM 9 (1999) 1370�1373 (A. Schmitt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 183; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 40 No. 1.2.1.26; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896, 54 No. 26; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 123, 126f.; French: Seignolle 1946, No. 55; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, No. 218.",") to Build Small Nests). A dove (magpie, sparrow) asks a magpie (thrush, swallow, crow) to show her how to build a nest. As soon as the magpie starts, the dove says 'I know,' and persists in building her nest as before, so that the eggs nearly drop out [A2271.1]. In some variants the dove promises to give her cow to the magpie and then regrets losing the cow. (Imitation of bird sounds.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,236*,Miscellaneous Tales with Imitation of Bird Sounds,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 392�398; BP III, 285f.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Djurklou 1883, 78f., 188f.; French: Meyrac 1890, 412f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1322B*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 60; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 23, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 254, cf. No. 253, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 173, Hubrich-Messow 2000, 215; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 236*, *236A*�236C*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 233.","Cf. Types 106, 204. Some variants explain the sounds made by bittern [A1965.2] and hoopoe [A1952]. Two herdsmen send their cows to the wrong pasture. The hoopoe and the bittern tell them that one pasture is too rich, and another pasture too poor. (Imitation of bird sounds.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,237,The Talking Parrot (previously Magpie Tells why Sow is Muddy),"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 6, 665; EM 3 (1981) 1367�1371 (H. Lixfeld).","Danish: Kristensen 1900, 152, No. 299; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 225f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Portuguese: Fontes 1975, No. 2, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 218*, 237, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 255, Kooi 2003, Nos. 108a, 108b; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 237, cf. Nos. 237*, 237A*�237G*; Walloon: M�rchen der europ�ischen V�lker 1968 VIII, 6f.; German: ZfVk. 13 (1903) 94, Neumann 1968b, No. 175, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 251f.; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1969, No. 41; Greek: Orso 1979, Nos. 298, 299; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *237; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 183f., cf. I, 57ff., 107, III, 164f.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 32; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 237, cf. Nos. 237*A�237*J; African American: Dorson 1967, Nos. 34a, 34b; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 237, cf. Nos. 237*A�237*J; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **237C; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **237B; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 237*; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. **237B.","A parrot (in early variants a magpie) gives wrong orders or makes inappropriate remarks and is punished by its master (thrown in the mud, loses the feathers on its head or is chased and hides under the stove). There the parrot meets an animal (sow, cat) or bald person and says, 'You too must have had a quarrel with your master.' [J2211.2].",Documented in the 16th century.,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,238,The Dove and the Frog Boast to Each Other (previously The Keen Sight of the Dove and the Keen Hearing of the Frog),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 236; EM: Taube und Frosch streiten (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 184; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Ukrainian: SUS; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","A dove (falcon, crow) claims to have keen sight, and a frog (bee) believes it hears everything. They demonstrate their abilities to each other [K85, K86].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,239,The Crow Helps the Deer Escape from the Snare,"Cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 424.","Greek: cf. Megas 1978, No. *239A; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, Nos. 239*, 239**; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 503, 504, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 9; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A deer helps a jackal, but when the deer is caught in a snare the jackal refuses to help him. On the advice of a crow the deer feigns death. When the hunter releases him, he bounds away [K642.1]. Cf. Types 1, 33, 105*, and 233A.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,240,The Dove Trades her Eggs (previously The Dove's Egg-substitution),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 127�129; EM 3 (1981) 1169f. (M. Belgrader).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 185�188; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 240, 240*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 240*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 121.","(Including the previous Type 240*.) A magpie (crow, hen) persuades a dove to exchange eggs (in English variants to exchange nests): the dove gets the two eggs of the magpie for her seven. Since then the dove lays only two eggs and mourns the loss of the other eggs [A2247.4]. (Imitation of bird sounds.) In some variants a dove and a hen have a race for the eggs. The hen deceives the dove and wins. Cf. Type 230*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,240A*,The Bee Falls into the Water,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 62 No. 27; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 147; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 37; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. H. 176.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 189; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 215; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 250; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 203; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 16; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, 60; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.2.75.","A dove saves a bee (ant) from drowning. When a hunter wants to shoot the dove, the bee stings the hunter [B362, B457.1, B481.1]. Cf. Type 75.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 468 No. 235).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,241,The Officious Bird and the Monkey,,"Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 28, 29; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1020, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960.","A bird, sitting in its nest during a cold rain, asks a shivering monkey why it doesn't build a house since it has hands like a man. The enraged monkey destroys the bird's nest [B275.4, L462, Q295].","Documented in the Hitopadea (III,1).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,242,The Crow's Oath (previously The Frog Enticed out of his Hole),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 26, 524 not. 6; EM 5 (1987) 404�406 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 190, 191; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 110; French: Dardy 1891, No. 3; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 4; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 96.",A crow (another bird) entices a frog (toad) out of his hole and swears not to eat him. The crow breaks his oath [K815].,"In Finland, also used as proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,243*,The Crow Marries,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 192; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977.","A crow marries because her bridegroom told her that he owns all grainfields. As the grain is being harvested in the autumn, the wife calls out, 'Iaak, they are stealing the grain.' [J953.7]. Cf. Type 224.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,243A,The Rooster who Crows about Mistress's Adultery Killed,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 9; Taylor 1957, 28f.; Tubach 1969, No. 1134; EM 3 (1981) 1065�1068 (R. Wehse); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 245; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. S. 201.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, No. 1; Portuguese: Pires de Lima 1948, 539, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 299; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1143; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 52 (1�3); Indian: L�ders 1921, No. 58.",The first rooster crows about the adultery committed by the mistress. He is killed. The second rooster crows about the first rooster being killed for telling the truth. He is also slaughtered. The third rooster is discreet and is allowed to live [J551.1]. Cf. Type 51A.,Documented in the Middle Ages by �tienne de Bourbon (No. 465) and Gesta Romanorum (No. 68).,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,244,The Raven in Borrowed Feathers,"Fuchs 1886; Austin 1911; Smith 1927; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 68; Schwarzbaum 1964, 193; Tubach 1969, No. 1360; Schwarzbaum 1979, 178�188; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 470; Rumpf 1990, 107f.; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 103, M. 180, not-H. 77; EM: Tiere borgen voneinander (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 249; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 224*, 244; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 224; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J951.2; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J951.2; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 74, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 93; German: Zincgref/Weidner IV (1655) 485f., Kobolt, Scherz und Ernst (1747) 572f., Vademecum III (1786) No. 140 (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 266f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 435; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1360; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 123; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 54f.; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 224*, 244; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *244**A; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 244*; Sudanese: Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 224*.) A raven puts on swan (peacock) feathers. Other birds take them from him and leave him disgraced in the cold [J951.2, cf. J1062.1]. Sometimes a crow borrows feathers from other birds for his wedding day. (Previously Type 224*.)","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 441 No. 101). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,244A*,The Crane and the Heron (previously Crane's Courtship of Heron),,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 37; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A crane (stork) proposes to a heron. She refuses him. After some thought she goes to the crane, but he sends her away. Then he changes his mind and goes to the heron again, but is refused, etc.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,244B*,The Two Starving Sparrows,,Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Bulgarian: BFP.,"Two sparrows are starving. One flies away to look for food and finds some cherries. He eats his fill and flies back with some for his companion, but finds he is already dead.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,244C*,The Raven Drowns his Young who Promise to Aid him when he Becomes Old,"Schwarzbaum 1979, xxxix not. 10; EM 11,1 (2003) 132�135 (P. Kippar).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 193; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Rumanian: Gaster 1915, 294f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976.",(Including the previous Type 244***.) He saves only the one who admits that he will not carry the old bird because he will have to carry his own young [J267.1].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,245,The Tame Bird and the Wild Bird,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 194, 195; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 19; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 12, 14, Cardigos (forthcoming); Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",A tame bird advises the a bird to look about him. The wild bird is shot [L451.1]. Cf. Type 112.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,246,Two Birds (previously The Hunter Bends the Bow),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 88 No. 26, III, 59 No. 21; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 140, 279; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 239.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 196; French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 140, 415; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 246**A.","When a hunter bends his bow, one bird (fish, deer) flies away. The other one remains and is shot [J641.1].","Documented in the Arabian version of Kalila and Dimna and in the 13th century by the Persian-speaking alloddin Rumi, Masnavi-ye ma� navi (IV, 2202).",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,247,Each Mother Likes her Own Children Best (previously Each Likes his Own Children Best),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 242�250; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 164; Tubach 1969, No. 4873; Schwarzbaum 1979, 275�280; G�r�g-Karady 1983; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 12, 134; Kvideland 1987, 235; EM 7 (1993) 1258�1264 (C. Schmitt); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 431, not-H. 247.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 197; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896, No. 93; Icelandic: Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 276; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. T681.2*; Portuguese: Braga 1987 II, 247f., 248, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 4; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 69, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK I; Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1955, 76; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 247, cf. Nos. *247A, *247B; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 187; Iranian: Marzolph 1994, 290ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Polynesian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. T681; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 14.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A partridge asks an owl (raven) to take some food to its child at school. The owl wants to know how to recognize the child and the partridge answers that its child is the most beautiful. But the owl considers its own child as most beautiful and gives it the food. (2) A snipe asks an eagle (hawk, wolf, sportsman) to spare its young, saying that they are easily recognized as the prettiest in the forest. The eagle eats only the ugliest little birds it can find. They are the young snipes [T681].","Early variants often feature a female monkey and Jupiter (Aesopic fable [Perry 1965, 486 No. 364]). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,248,The Dog and the Sparrow,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 204 No. 58; BP I, 515�519; Legros 1962, 95; Schwarzbaum 1964, 193; Schwarzbaum 1979, 527; R�hrich 1990, 14�16; EM 6 (1990) 1354�1358 (V. I. Sanarov).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 198; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 29; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 61; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 106; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Findeisen 1925, No. 28, Neumann 1971, No. 51, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 58; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 42b; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Sirov�tka 1969, No. 37; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, cf. 132f., 141ff., Ga�parikov� 1991f. I, No. 140; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 232ff.; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 152ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 13f.; Bashkir: Kralina 1961, No. 40; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 158; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 28ff.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 173f.; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 62ff.; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 46; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957.","A man inadvertently runs over a dog, the friend of a sparrow. The sparrow takes vengeance and annoys the man. He tries to kill it but, in so doing, he kills his horse or destroys his cargo. The man catches the bird and devours it alive. When the bird looks out from his backside or his mouth, his wife tries to kill it. Instead, she hurts or kills her husband [cf. F912] [N261, cf. L315.7]. Cf. Types 223, 1586, and 2042.",Documented in the early 19th century.,"56B, 61, and 715."
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Birds 220-249,248A,The Elephant and the Lark,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 529 not. 4.","Jewish: Jason 1965; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 5; Tadzhik: STF, No. 83; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 32, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978.","An elephant tramples a lark's nest. The lark's friends take revenge. The frog croaks and causes the elephant to fall into a dry pool, the crow pecks out the elephant's eyes, and the bees sting the elephant to death.",Documented in the Indian Jtaka (cf. No. 357).,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Fish 250-253,250,Swimming Match of the Fish,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 91�93, 192; BP III, 354f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 155�158; EM: Wettschwimmen der Fische (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 199�201; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 45, 46(8); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Poestion 1886, No. 4, Qvigstad 1927ff. III, 51; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 33; Tadzhik: cf. STF, Nos. 15, 53; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","The fish have a race, and the smaller one wins. The perch hangs on to the tail of the salmon and is the winner [K11.2]. Cf. Types 221A, 275B.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Fish 250-253,250A,The Flounder's Crooked Mouth,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 252f., III, 24f., IV, 192�197; BP III, 284f.; EM 4 (1984) 1373f. (H. Lixfeld); Dekker et al. 1997, 189�191; Uther 2001.","Finnish: Aarne 1912a, No. 117; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f., Nos. 1, 28, 200; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 182 No. 117; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 103; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 211; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 243, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 172, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 63; Chinese: Ting 1978; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 375ff.",The fish have a race to elect their king. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) The flounder cries out in jealousy because the herring is winning [A2252.4]. (2) The flounder makes a discourteous remark to God [A2231.1.2]. It is punished by having its mouth made crooked. Cf. Type 221.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Other Animals And Objects 220-299,Fish 250-253,253,The Fish in the Net,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 166 not. 6.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 203; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 17; Rumanian: cf. Schullerus 1928, No. 254*; Ukrainian: SUS.",(Including the previous Type 253*.) The little fish slip through the mesh; the big ones are caught [L331].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 479 No. 282).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,70,More Cowardly than the Hare,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 97�103; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 61; Tubach 1969, No. 2434; Schwarzbaum 1979, 231�234; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 260; EM 6 (1990) 555�558 (R. W. Brednich); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 143, M. 238.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 68�73; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 22; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 2001, 49; Livonian, Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, 45 No. 5; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 297; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 11, Goldberg 1998, No. J881.1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos 1984, No. 84, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 128; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 256; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *70A; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 218, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2221*; Slovene: Vrtec 21 (1891) 176; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 57; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 20; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 92*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 70, 70B*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 18; Jewish: Jason 1975; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 176; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 80; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 26; Tungus: Suvorov 1960, 40f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","The hare is afraid of all creatures. At an assembly, the hares announce they will go and drown themselves (go to another country). As they approach a pond, they see that the frogs (ducks, fish) run away from them in fright. Having learned that other animals are even more cowardly than themselves, they return to their home [J881.1]. In some variants, the hares laugh so hard at their stupidity that they split their lips [A2342.1]. Cf. Types 47A, 71.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 448 No. 138). Also an etiological animal tale, why the hare has a split lip.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,71,Contest of Frost and the Hare,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 23; EM 5 (1987) 430�433 (U. Masing).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 74; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 43ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 8; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 278; Russian: Novikov 1941, No. 36; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 11, 12.","(Including the previous Type 1097*.) Frost tries to freeze a hare (fox, sparrow) that lies under a bush. He asks the hare whether he is cold. The hare says no, and points out the snow melting under him. Frost tries harder, but the hare manages to get up and declares that he is still warm. Frost admits he has lost the contest [H1541.1]. Cf. Types 298A, 298A*. In some variants, the hare laughs so hard at the end that he splits his lip [A2342.1]. Cf. Types 47A, 70.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,72,Rabbit Rides Fox A-courting,"Hadel 1970; cf. Schwarzbaum 1979, 43; EM 8 (1996) 334�338 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Schmidt 1999.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 440, 447; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; African American: Parsons 1923a, Nos. 38, 39, Dorson 1958, Nos. 3, 7; Mexican, Guatemalan, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 271f., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 7; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 16; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 24; Guinean: Klipple 1992; Liberian: Dorson 1972, 389ff.; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1631, Klipple 1992; Sudanese, Angolan: Serauky 1988, 174, Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 435; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 435.","A fox (tiger, jaguar, alligator, wolf, hyena, elephant) and a rabbit (hare, fox, jackal, tortoise) both woo the same woman, who prefers the fox. The rabbit tells her that the fox is only his horse and promises to prove it. He pretends to be sick and convinces the fox to carry him. The fox lets the rabbit put a bridle on him and ride (whip) him. When the woman sees this, she decides to marry the rabbit [K1241, K1241.1]. Cf. Type 4.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,72*,The Hare Emancipates her Children (previously The Hare Instructs his Sons),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 75; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lappish: cf. Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 7, Bartens 2003, No. 6; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 5; Greek: Megas 1978.","A mother hare does not want to provide for her children any longer. She asks them to look in her eyes and says, 'You have such big eyes (long whiskers) now, you can take care of yourselves.' Since then, hares care for their young only for a short time [cf. J61].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,72B*,Why the Hare Jumps over the Path (previously Fox to Hare: Why do you Jump over the Path),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 76; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Frisian: Kooi 1984a.","A fox (father hare) asks a hare (his child) why hares jump over the path (run over the mountain). The answer is, 'Because we cannot crawl under it.'",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,72D*,Tales about Hares (Rabbits),"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 255, 257, 261, 262; EM 6 (1990) 542�555 (R. Schenda).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 35, 77; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 72C*, 72D, 73B; Spanish, Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 74F; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *72D*, *72E*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 73*, 73A*, 73B*; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 72*D�*F, 74*F; Guatemalan, Nicaraguan: Robe 1973, No. 74*F; Costa Rican: Robe 1973, No. 73*A; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **74X; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. **74C, **74BB, **74DD; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. **74C�74L, **74N�74Q, **74S�U, **74Y, **74Z, **74AA, **74CC; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 115, 337; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, Nos. 73A, 73B*, 74C�74E, 74J, 74K; Venezuelan: Hansen 1957, Nos. **74D, **74V, **74W, **74X; Brazilian: Hansen 1957, No. **74R; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. **74C.",(Including the previous Types 72C* and 74D*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales in which a hare or rabbit wins or loses in a conflict with another animal. Cf. Type 1891.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,73,Blinding the Guard,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 184; Uther 1981, 35; EM: Wache blenden (in prep.).","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 12f.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 70, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, 139ff.; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 440ff.; US-American: Barden 1991, No. 78; Spanish-American: cf. TFSP 25 (1953) 235�238; African American: Harris 1955, 32ff.; Costa Rican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 115, 337; Venezuelan, Colombian: Hansen 1957; Peruvian: Jim�nez Borja 1940, 9f.; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 3; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, 376ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 1, 3; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 228; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, Nos. 2, 17, 21; West Indies: Flowers 1953; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2057, Klipple 1992; Congolese: Klipple 1992.","A rabbit (fox), who is imprisoned, throws dirt (salt, pepper, tobacco juice) into the eyes of his guard. While the guard is blinded, the rabbit escapes [K621].",NA,5.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,74C*,Rabbit Throws a Coconut,,"Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Pedroso 1985, No. 34, Cardigos (forthcoming); Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 210, cf. No. 111; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan, Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **74M; Ecuadorian: cf. Carvalho-Neto 1966, Nos. 17, 61; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 115, 117, 118, 337, 340; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 159ff.; Peruvian, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **74M.","A rabbit (monkey) sits in a tree eating (prickly) fruit (coconuts). A wolf (coyote, crab) asks him to throw one down. The rabbit throws a coconut and (almost) kills the wolf (throws a prickly fruit which kills the wolf). Cf. Type 136.",NA,"34, 175."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,75,The Help of the Weak,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 93 No. 42A, 192, No. 10; Ahrens 1921; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 51; Schwarzbaum 1964, 186f.; Tubach 1969, No. 3052; Schwarzbaum 1979, 87�95; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 340, 391, 426; EM 6 (1990) 1023�1029 (J. van der Kooi); Dekker et al. 1997, 253�255; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 155, M. 226; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 78; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, 16 No. 24; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 75*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 310; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 12, Goldberg 1998, No. B371.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. B363, B437.2, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 211; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 54, Tomkowiak 1993, 224, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, Nos. 56, 59; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3052; Slovene: Bolhar 1975, 84; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 16; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 13, Vrainovski 1977, No. 21; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 9; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 9ff.; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 55; Tadzhik: STF, No. 230; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 50; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 23; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 741, 760�763, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 81f., cf. O�Connor 1906, No. 19; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 82; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 1980, No. 48, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean, East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, Nos. 48, 50, Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; ; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Congolese: Klipple 1992; Angolan: Serauky 1988, 210f.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 670; Malagasy: cf. Haring 1982, No. 2.1.75, Klipple 1992.","Cf. Type 233B. This tale exists chiefly three different forms: (1) A lion (tiger, bear, elephant) catches a mouse (squirrel, rat) (the mouse disturbs his sleep). The mouse begs for its freedom and promises to come to the rescue of the lion in the future. The lion laughs but sets the mouse free. Later, when the lion is caught in a net (pit, or tied with a rope), the mouse comes and gnaws him free (fills the hole with sand) [B371.1, B363, B437.2]. (2) A mouse (rat) runs under a net where a cat is also caught. When the danger is past, the mouse gnaws the net to free the cat out of gratitude that the cat did not eat him. The mouse says he regrets that a longer friendship between the two of them will not be possible [J426, cf. B545.1]. (3) A lion asks a mouse to rescue him from a net. In return, the mouse asks to marry the lion's daughter. The lion at first refuses but then agrees to the marriage. The lioness (accidentally) treads on the mouse. Cf. Type 233B.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 450 No. 150).",157A.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,75*,The Wolf and the Nurse (previously Wolf Waits in Vain for the Nurse to Throw away the Child),"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 69; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 90; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 154; Schwarzbaum 1979, 122 not. 17; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 647; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 163, M. 323; EM: Wolf und Amme (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 79; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 94,1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J2066.5; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J2066.5; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 47, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 508; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 188; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5338*; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Kazakh: Reichl 1986, No. 27; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971.","A hungry wolf (tiger) hears a nursemaid (mother) threaten her child that she will give him to the wolf if he does not stop crying. The wolf waits expectantly for this event. When the child starts crying again, the nursemaid comforts him by saying that she had not really meant what she said and she would kill the wolf if it ever came near the child. The wolf goes away still hungry [J2066.5]. Or, the waiting wolf is killed the following morning by the villagers.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 451 No. 158).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,75A,The Lion and the Worm,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 75A; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 423; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 75B*.","Tree roots (branches) grow and block the entrance to a lion's (bear's) den. A worm (bark beetle) offers to help [B491.4], but the lion does not believe he can. After some time the tree dies, due to the worm's work.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,76,The Wolf and the Crane,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 69 No. 38; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 41; Schwarzbaum 1964, 187; Tubach 1969, No. 5332; Sch�tze 1973, 38�41; Schwarzbaum 1979, 51�56; Curletto 1984; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 631; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 283; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 161, M. 254; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wolf und Kranich (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 80; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 335; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. W154.3; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. W154.3, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 496; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 89, Tomkowiak 1993, 231; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 874; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5332; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 11; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 58f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1245, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 2751C; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 637; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 637.","A crane (stork, woodpecker) pulls a bone from a wolf's (lion's) windpipe. When he asks for payment, the wolf says, 'That you were allowed to take your beak from my throat is payment enough.' [W154.3].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 451 No. 156).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,77,The Stag Admires Himself in a Spring,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 80; Schwarzbaum 1964, 187; Tubach 1969, No. 4589; Schwarzbaum 1979, 375�378; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 272; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 76, M. 112; EM: Tiere: Die eitlen T. (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 83; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. L461; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. L461; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 135; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Kobolt, Scherz und Ernst (1747) 269ff., 550ff. (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 218; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4589; Slovene: Vrtec 14 (1884) 150; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Chinese: Ting 1978; East African: Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.1.77, Klipple 1992.","A stag, seeing his reflection in a spring, is proud of his horns but ashamed of his legs. Later, when he is running away from hunters (dogs, a lion), his horns become caught in the bushes and he is killed [L461]. Cf. Type 132.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 434 No. 74).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,77*,The Wolf Confesses his Sins to God,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 125 No. 123; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 29; Schwarzbaum 1964, 187; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 637; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1044; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 264.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 13a; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 230.","A wolf (who is about to die) confesses his sins. He has eaten a thousand sheep, five hundred hogs, a hundred cows, and fifty horses. In some variants, the wolf's penitence vanishes as soon as he sees his next prey [K2055, U125].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 561 No. 641, 569 No. 655). Also documented in 1179 in the Roman de Renart (I,921�1618).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,77**,Wolf at School,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 187; Tubach 1969, No. 5338; Schwarzbaum 1979, 533�536; Schreiber 1985, 299�302; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 644, cf. No. 634; Verfasserlexikon 10 (1999) 1305�1307 (G. Dicke).",NA,"A wolf learns the alphabet (the wolf joins a monastery). The wolf can learn to read only the words 'lamb' and 'sheep' ('agnes', 'aries'). Cf. Type 77*.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 538f. No. 595).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,78,Animal Tied to Another for Safety (previously Animal Allows himself to be Tied to Another for Safety),"Schwarzbaum 1964, 187; Schmidt 1999; EM: Tiere aneinandergebunden (in prep.).","Hungarian: MNK I; Uighur: Reichl 1986, No. 5; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 180; Kirghiz: Reichl 1986, No. 40; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, Nos. 19, 34; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1962, No. 10; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 10, 58; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 11; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 403 No. 87; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 645; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 645.","A tiger (demon, leopard, wolf) is overpowered by a human (donkey, monkey, billy goat) who tricks him. When the tiger tells a fox (wolf) how powerful this human is, the fox makes fun of him and wants to prove that the animals are stronger. The fox proposes to tie together for safety. Together they approach the human. He greets the fox and pretends that it is bringing the tiger to him as an offering. The tiger runs away in panic, dragging the fox along with him [K713.1.2]. Cf. Types 2A, 78A, 278, and 1876.",NA,126.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,78A,Animal Tied Up because of a Storm (previously Animal Allows Himself to be Tied so as to Avoid Being Carried off by Storm),EM: Tiere aneinandergebunden (in prep.).,"Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 42; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 351ff., 481ff.; Mexican, Nicaraguan: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **74A; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan: Hansen 1957, No. **74A; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 8, 11, 12; Peruvian: Hansen 1957, No. **74A; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 229; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. **74A; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 324 No. 2; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 126.","A rabbit (monkey, fox) tells a tiger (fox, coyote, giant) that a great storm (the end of the world) is approaching. The tiger lets himself be tied up [K713.1.1]. The rabbit beats him (kills and skins him). In some variants, the coyote, advised by the rabbit, climbs into a bag (basket) in a tree to escape the storm. The rabbit pelts him with stones. Cf. Types 2A, 78, 278, and 1408C.",Often a humorous episode in cycles of animal tales about the rabbit and the coyote.,175.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,80,The Hedgehog in the Badger's Den,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 74; BP III, 345f.; Bowra 1940; Tubach 1969, No. 2168; Schwarzbaum 1979, 56�60; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 289, 321; EM 7 (1993) 37�39 (R. Goerge).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 140; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 105*; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 442, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 250; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 72; Greek: cf. Megas 1978; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 43A; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A hedgehog (fox, camel) asks a badger (mole, snake, hare, man) for refuge in its den because of the cold (rain, approaching hunter). The hedgehog dirties the den and creates a stink (sticks the badger with his prickles). When the badger reproves him, the hedgehog offers to show the badger the way out, since he is unhappy where he is. In some variants, a pregnant bitch seeks refuge pending the birth of her puppies. The puppies take up so much space that the owner leaves.","Documented in the fable collections of the 16th century, e.g. Laurentius Abstemius (No. 72). The variants with the bitch refer to an Aesopic fable (Phaedrus/Perry 1965, I,19).","43, 130A."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,80A*,Who Gets the Booty (previously Who Gets the Beehive),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 355�363; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 614; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 933.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Bulgarian: Leskien 1915, No. 8; Greek: Megas 1978; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 6 V; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 15; Georgian: Dirr 1920, No. 45; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 16; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 304; Algerian: cf. Basset 1897, No. 76, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A wolf, a fox, and a bear (donkey, camel, dove, badger, crane) seek to divide their booty. They decide to give it to the oldest. Two of the animals boast of their great ages. The third (wolf, bear, camel) admits he is younger but goes off with the prize [J1451, B841.1]. Cf. Type 51.","Documented in the Indian Jtaka (No. 37). Early literary version (13th century) by the Persian-speaking alloddin Rumi, Masnavi-ye ma� navi (VI, 2457).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,81,Too Cold for Hare to Build House in Winter,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 202f.; EM 6 (1990) 604�607 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 81, 82; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, 324f., Aleksynas 1974, No. 18, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, 269 No. 61, III, No. 7; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 72; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; German: Grannas 1957, No. 20; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 81*1; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 400, Karadi 1937, 274 No. 3; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Tadzhik: STF, No. 62; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 22; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 48f.; African American: Dorson 1956, 44f., 207 No. 13, Dance 1978, No. 439.","A hare (dog, lark, grouse) freezes during the winter. He vows to build a house the next summer, when it is warmer. In summer, when it is sunny, the hare is too lazy and tells himself that last winter he went without a house [A2233.2.1]. Or, a dog curls up tight as he shivers in the winter. He promises himself to build a little hut during the summer. When summer comes, he discovers that he stretches out so long, he would need a big house. This would be too much work for him, so he builds no house at all. Cf. Type 43.","Documented by Plutarch (Symposion tn hepta sophn, XIV). Variants with humans see Type 1238.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,85,"The Mouse, the Bird, and the Sausage","BP I, 204�207, 293�295, III, 558f.; EM 9 (1999) 440�442 (B. Steinbauer).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, 45 No. 18,1, cf. II, 27 No. 11, Bartens 2003, No. 13; Danish: Kristensen 1896, No. 149; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1946, No. 71; Catalan: cf. Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 25; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 257; German: Ranke 1966, No. 6, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 23, cf. No. 30, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Wunderblume 1958, 470ff.; Ukrainian: Mykytiuk 1979, No. 58; Iranian: Osmanov 1958, 452ff., 456ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 30; French-American: Dorson 1964, 258ff.","(Including the previous Type 247*.) A mouse, a bird, and a sausage (shrimp) live together sharing the housework. The bird gathers wood, the mouse carries water, makes the fire and sets the table, and the sausage does the cooking and flavors the food by jumping into the pot. The bird complains that his work is the hardest, so they exchange duties. The bird drowns in the well, the sausage is eaten by a dog while gathering the wood, and the mouse is scalded to death when it jumps into the pot to flavor the soup [J512.7]. Or, the mouse (chicken) and sausage live together. While the mouse goes to church on Sunday, the sausage cooks their dinner. One Sunday they change roles, and the mouse is scalded to death when it tries to flavor the soup.","Documented ca. 1650 by J. M. Moscherosch, Gesichte Philanders von Sittewalt (Strassburg 1655 II, 927ff.).",2022.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,87A*,The Bear Stands on a Heap of Wood,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 87A*, 169G*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK I, No. 169G*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 187; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","(Including the previous Type 169G*.) A bear chased by wolves (wild pigs) takes refuge in a woodpile (haystack, tree). He pelts the wolves with logs. In some variants, he finds a man in the haystack (tree), who pokes him with a stick (the branch on which he sits breaks). The bear falls down and is torn to bits by the wolves [B855].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,88*,The Bear Climbs a Tree,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Cappeller 1924, No. 8; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 98f.; Ukrainian: SUS; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 197f.",A bear climbs a tree to get some honey. A block hanging in the tree causes him to lose his balance and he falls down. He injures (kills) himself.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,90,"The Needle, the Glove, and the Squirrel",,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 83; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Karelian, Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A needle, a glove, and a squirrel live together. When the needle goes out walking, he finds an old kettle, a knife, and a match (a puddle, a tree stump). The others think these are worthless and beat the needle. When the needle sees an ox (elk, stag), he climbs onto it and kills it. The others rejoice at the successful hunt [L391].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,91,Heart of Monkey as Medicine (previously Monkey [Cat] who Left his Heart at Home),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 99 No. 57, 191 No. 6, 193 No. 14; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 1�26; EM 1 (1977) 150�154 (W. Eberhard); cf. Hatami 1977, No. 8; Schwarzbaum 1979, 436 not. 31, 511 not. 30; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 24; Schmidt 1999; Grayson 2004.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K961.1; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 201f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 406; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 177; Mongolian: , Lrincz 1979, No. 86A*; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 678, 679, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 50, 84; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 20; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979; Vietnamese: cf. Landes 1886, No. 43; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 159; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 56b, Ramos 1953, 66ff.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **283; African American: Baer 1980, 145f.; Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 30; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 47, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1821, Dorson 1972, 165f.; Ethiopian: cf. Gankin et al. 1960, 84f.; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1821,4; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 542.","A monkey (fox, jackal) and a turtle (crocodile, fish) are friends. The turtle's wife becomes jealous and pretends that she has an illness which can be cured only if she eats the heart of a monkey. The turtle meets the monkey and swims into the sea with him on his back. On the way he tells him about his wife's problem. The monkey sympathizes but says he has left his heart in a tree. When the turtle takes him back to the land to get his heart, the monkey runs away [K544, K961.1]. In some variants, the illness of a king (princess) can be cured only by the liver of a rabbit. When one is caught, it pretends to have left its liver at home and offers to go and get it. Then it runs away.","Documented in the Indian Jtaka (nos. 208, 342) and in the Indian Pa�catantra (IV,1).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,92,The Lion Dives for his own Reflection,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 88 No. 25, 96 No. 49; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 84, 385; Schmidt 1999; EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1716; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1715.1; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 40, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 38, Tomkowiak 1993, 223, Berger 2001; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 6, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 34; Ukrainian: SUS; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 9f., Dalila et al. 1989, No. 175; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 27f., 30ff.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 79, 179, 187, cf. No. 365; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 121f.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 28, cf. No. 546, Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1716, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 12f.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 9, Kassis 1962, 80f., Hoffmann 1965, 89; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 20; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, 36 No. 5; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 92; African American: Harris 1955, 547ff.; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992, 409; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 40; Namibian: Schmidt 1996, No. 15; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Type 92A.) A fox (hare) has to supply a lion every day with his dinner. One day he pretends to have met a stronger lion (who took the dinner). The first lion wants to fight against the second. The fox takes him to a well and shows him his reflection. The lion takes it for his rival, jumps in (is pushed in), and drowns [K1715.1]. In some variants a hare drives an elephant (several elephants) out of the realm of the hares by showing it a reflection of the moon in water, seemingly quivering with anger [K1716]. (Previously Type 92A.) Cf. Types 34, 34A, 1168A, and 1336.","Documented in the 5th century in the Indian Pa�catantra (III,3, cf. I,6).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,Other Wild Animals 70-99,93,The Master Taken Seriously,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 867; M�ller 1976; Schwarzbaum 1979, 331�333; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 569; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 11, not-H. 141; EM: Worte des Herrn sind ernstzunehmen (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. *244; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 9; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 279; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 363, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1993, No. 427; German: Plener, Acerra philologica (1687) 191ff. (EM archive), Sobel 1958, No. 16, Tomkowiak 1993, 230; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 93, 93*1, 93*2; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 117f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 93*; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 150.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A mother fox and her children hear the owner of a vineyard in which they live cursing them. They do not leave until he begins to cut the vines. (2) A bird and her young have their nest in a field of grain. When the farmer asks his neighbors to help with the harvest (the farmer's sons begin to harvest the field), the birds remain in their nest. They leave only when the farmer himself begins to harvest the field [J1031].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 483 No. 325).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,1,The Theft of Fish,"Krohn 1889, 46�54; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 225�230, 304; BP II, 116; Schwarzbaum 1979, 480�484; EM 4 (1984) 1227�1230 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 226, cf. No. 319; Dekker et al. 1997, 55f.; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 1�6; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 1; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 1, 1*; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1, 1*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 1; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K371.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 7, 8, 20, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 1, 1*; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 435; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1, 1*; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 188, Tomkowiak 1993, 216, 236, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 239, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 90; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 122; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 49ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 1, *1A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 1; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 5, p. 415f., Alptekin 1994, No. IV.64; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 42, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 67; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 2, 4, 10, 11, 15, cf. No. 16; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 273f.; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1*; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1*, 1A*; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 1*; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 91ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1, 1*, 1*A; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 177ff., 25 (1953) 233ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1*; Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 1**A, 1**B; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 337, Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, Nos. K341.2, K341.2.1; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Paraguayan: Carvalho-Neto 1966, 189f.; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 11; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Liberian, Ghanaian: MacDonald 1982, No. K341.2; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2930, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 400; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 400, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Types 1* and 1**.) A fox (hare, rabbit, coyote, jackal) lies in the road pretending to be dead. A fisherman throws him on his wagon which is full of fish (cheese, butter, meat, bread, money). The fox throws the fish out of the wagon [K371.1] and jumps down after them [K341.2, K341.2.1]. A wolf (bear, fox, coyote, hyena) tries to imitate this and pretends to be dead, too. The fisherman catches him and beats him [K1026]. Cf. Types 56A, 56B, and 56A*. In some variants one animal (rabbit, fox) pretends to be dead in order to distract a man who is carrying a basket of food. Another animal (fox, wolf) steals the basket. (Previously Type 1*, cf. Type 223.) Or an animal makes a hole in the basket so that the contents fall out. (Previously Type 1**.)","Documented 1178 in the Roman de Renart (I,1�151, V,61�120). A humorous episode in a cycle of animal tales. The second part of the tale is often missing from variants from northern and eastern Europe.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 21, 41, and 158."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,10***,The Fall over the Edge (previously Over the Edge),,"Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Serbian: Filipovi 1949, 226; Rumanian: Karlinger 1982, No. 19; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 3, 7, 58; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 72; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004.","A fox and a bear (wolf, man, devil) sleep together on the edge of a cliff. The fox pushes his companion over the edge so that he falls down and dies [K891.5.1, K891.5.2].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,15,The Theft of Food by Playing Godfather (previously The Theft of Butter [Honey] by Playing Godfather),"Krohn 1889, 74�81; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 241�243; BP I, 9�13; Roberts 1964, 15�18; EM 5 (1987) 1217�1224 (C. Lindahl); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 27, 28; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 9; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 1; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, Nos. 3a, 3b; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 263, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 235, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 204, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 2, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 20ff., Bolhar 1974, 107ff., 117f.; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 10; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 3; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 6; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 5, 6; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 40, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 7, cf. No. 5; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 18, 327; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; US-American: Burrison 1989, 94, 155; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1967, Nos. 1�4, MacDonald 1982, No. K401.1; Dominican: Flowers 1953; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 66 not. 1, 359 not. 1; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 12, El-Shamy 2004; East African, Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 24, Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: cf. Lambrecht 1967, No. 550,6�9, Klipple 1992; Congolese: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 402, 404, Klipple 1992.","A fox (cat, jackal) and a wolf (bear, mouse) live together. The fox pretends that he has been invited to be godfather at a baptism (invited to a funeral or wedding) but instead he secretly eats up the butter (honey) that he and the wolf have stored. This happens again (three times). When the wolf asks him the name of the baptized child, the fox makes up names that reflect the diminution of the stored food [K372]. When the wolf discovers the butter is missing he accuses the fox, who denies having taken it. The fox proposes a test to determine who took the butter: both of them will lie in the sun and after some time the butter will melt and appear. While the wolf sleeps, the fox smears butter on him and thus 'proves' his guilt [K401.1].",Parts of the tale appear in late additions to Roman de Renart.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 34, 41, 47A, and 210."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,15*,The Fox Entices the Wolf away from his Booty,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 9; Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 85.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K341; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 15**; Greek: Megas 1978; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K341; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.",(Including the previous Type 15**.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales about a fox who entices a wolf away from his booty so the fox can eat it himself [K341].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,2,The Tail-Fisher,"Krohn 1889, 46; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 219�228, 304; BP II, 111�117; Thaarup-Andersen 1954; Tubach 1969, No. 2074; Schwarzbaum 1979, 430, 480�484; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 224; Dekker et al. 1997, 55f.; Schmidt 1999; EM: Schwanzfischer (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 2�9; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 2; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 2, cf. No. *1896A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 1; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 338; Spanish, Basque, Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Schippers 1995, No. 462; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 188, Tomkowiak 1993, 216, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 239, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2074; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 122; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 39ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Kapeus/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 1; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 1; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 5, Alptekin 1994, Nos. IV.64, V.86; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 2, 3, 6; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 42, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 67; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, Nos. 32, 55; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 15; Tadzhik: STF, No. 217; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 187, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 25; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 2, 2K, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Dance 1978, No. 8; African American: Dorson 1967, Nos. 11,12; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A bear (wolf) meets a fox who has caught a big load of fish. He asks him where he caught them, and the fox replies that he was fishing with his tail through a hole in the ice. He advises the bear to do likewise and the bear does. When the bear tries to pull his tail out of the ice (because men or dogs are attacking him), it is frozen in place. He runs away but leaves his tail behind [K1021]. Cf. Type 1891.","Documented in 1178 in the Roman de Renart (III,377�510). A humorous episode in a cycle of animal tales. Also an etiological legend to explain why bears have short tails.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 15, 41, 158, and 1910."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,20A,Animals Caught in a Pit Eat One Another Up (previously The Animals are Caught in a Pit),"Krohn 1889, 81�84; EM: Tiere fressen einander (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 29, 30; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 20, 20A; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 20; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 20, 20A; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 20; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 20; Portuguese: Cust�dio/Galhoz 1996f. II, 81f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 20; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Grannas 1957, No. 40; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 20, 20A; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 171ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 2; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, 38f.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 173f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 20, 20A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 415f.; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976, No. 20; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 10; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 5, 7; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 12; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 20, 20A; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 158; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 30ff.; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 11; Kalmyk, Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 20; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 20; US-American: Roberts 1954, 43ff.; Mexican: cf. Robe, No. 20*F; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 20; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 83; Burkina Faso: cf. Schild 1975, No. 64.","(Including the previous Type 20.) A number of animals (fox, wolf, bear, hog, rooster, hen, goat, cat, hare, mouse) go on a journey (a pilgrimage) together [B296] to seek their fortunes. They try to jump over a pit but fall into it instead. Cf. Types 130, 130B, and 210. When they grow hungry, the fox proposes that they eat the one amongst them with the ugliest name (who can sing highest or loudest, who can howl the longest, who is the youngest or the smallest). Thus all the animals are eaten one after another, until only two (fox and wolf) remain or only the fox is left [K1024]. Cf. Type 231*.",NA,"20C, 21, 136A*, 154, and 223."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,20C,The Animals Flee in Fear of the End of the World,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 19; BP I, 237; Wesselski 1933, 19; HDM 2 (1934�40) 185; Schwarzbaum 1980, 274; EM 6 (1990) 701f.; EM: Tiere fressen einander (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 23; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 2033; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 20C, 2033; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 21ff., Kristensen 1896, Nos. 177�182, Kuhre 1938, No. 13; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. IV, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 2033; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 515f., 516f., 531, 532f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 236f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 2033; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 20C, 2033; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 20C, MNK IX, No. 2033; Slovene: Matietov 1973, No. 24; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 51ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 20C, 2033; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 20; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 19f.; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Ostyak: Steinitz 1939, 133ff.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 181ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 365; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 86f.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 3; Australian: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 532f.; North American Indian: Konitzky 1963, No. 36; US-American: JAFL 46 (1933) 78; African American: Harris 1955, 194ff.; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 348; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 2033; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 20C, 2033; Guinean, East African: Klipple 1992, No. 2033; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 20C, 2033; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 2033.) A chicken (cat, mouse) is frightened by a nut (acorn, leaf) that falls on its head [Z43.3] (tail), or another animal is frightened by a noise (a fart) [J1812]. The chicken thinks this is a sign of an approaching war (the end of the world, the sky is falling down), and flees in panic together with the rooster (they go to tell the king about the disaster). They meet other animals (e.g. goose, hare, dog, bear, wolf, fox) who come to share their fear and go along with them. The misunderstanding is cleared up, or the animals fall into a pit (see Type 20A). In some variants they arrive at the fox's den. The fox invites them inside and eats them (see Type 20D*).",NA,"20A, 21, 65, 130, and 2010IA."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,20D*,Pilgrimage of the Animals (previously Cock and Other Animals Journey to Rome to Become Pope),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 66; Knapp 1933; Schwarzbaum 1964, 186 No. 61A; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 4046; Schwarzbaum 1979, 46f.; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 225; EM 5 (1987) 480�484 (R. Bebermeyer).","Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, 223f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Basque: Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 56; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Plenzat 1922, 19ff., Tomkowiak 1993, 212, Berger 2001; Italian: Crane 1885, Nos. 87, 88, Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 3b, Karlinger 1973b, Nos. 15, 21; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 81f.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 53; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 152ff., Eschker 1972, No. 7, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 8, 9; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 20D*, cf. Nos. *20*, *20D**; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 20D*, 61A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 84; Russian: SUS, Nos. 20D*, 61A; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 20D*, 61A; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 415f.; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 61A, Noy 1976, No. 61A; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, 169ff., Wentzel 1978, No. 38; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 14, 363, 395, cf. No. 354; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Fadel 1978, No. 2, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 61A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 50, p. 184; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 20D*, 61A; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Niger: Petites S�urs de J�sus 1974, No. 12.","(Including the previous Type 61A.) A rooster wants to go to Rome in order to become pope [B296.1]. His wife accompanies him, along with more and more other animals. They meet the fox, who invites them to rest in his den. He asks them to sing and eats them one by one afterwards (see Type 20C). Often the fox pretends to go on a pilgrimage (to a convent). Other animals (chicken, duck, goose, magpie, sparrow) go along with him. The fox asks to hear their confessions or accuses them of sins which are characteristic of the different kinds of animals. Then the fox eats them as a punishment. In some variants the fox tells the rooster (partridge, lark) that he has become religious and repents his past actions [K2027], or he dresses as a nun [K2285]. Then he reproaches the rooster with his sins (his polygamy) and offers to hear his confession. When the rooster comes near, the fox catches him and gobbles him up. Or, the rooster escapes by a ruse. (Previously Type 61A.) Cf. Types 113B, 165.","The first episode is concentrated in Denmark, Germany, and Italy. The last episode is documented between 1195 and 1200 in the Roman de Renart (Branche VII).",20A.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,21,Eating his own Entrails,"Krohn 1889, 84�89; EM 3 (1981) 1244�1246 (�. D�m�t�r).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 30, 31, VI, Nos. 292, 293; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 21, 21*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 21, 21*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Grannas 1957, Nos. 18, 40; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 21, *21**; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 21, 21*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 93f., �akryl 1975, No. 12; Karachay: Lajpanov 1957, 53ff.; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 157, cf. No. 158; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, No. 31; Ostyak: Gulya 1968, No. 12; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 181ff.; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 59ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 369; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1959, 85ff.; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 7, 15; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 57, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, 1ff.; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. I, 39ff., II, 50ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 400 No. 16; Eskimo: Menov�ikov 1958, 26f.; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 408; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.104, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 21*.) A fox and a wolf (bear, hog, tiger) fall into a pit together and grow hungry. The fox has concealed under his body (in his fur) the entrails (brain, eye) of an animal that he had killed earlier, and begins to gnaw on them. He tells the wolf that he cut open his own belly and is eating his own entrails [K1025, K1025.1.]. When the wolf tries to copy this, he dies.",Documented in 1847 in Finland. Often in combination with other animal tales.,"15, 20A, 20C."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,23*,The Fox (Man) Induces the Wolf (Bear) to Impale Himself,,"Hungarian: MNK I; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 50; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 2; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: cf. Doerffer 1983, No. 55; Qatar, Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004.","A fox challenges a wolf (bear) to jump over a stake. The fox notices that the wolf jumps sideways, so he shows him how he should jump straight forward. Thus the wolf becomes impaled on the stake. The fox tells him he should make an effort to get off, which causes the wolf to be stuck even more firmly.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,2A,Torn-off Tails (previously The Buried Tail),"Cf. Tubach 1969, No. 297; cf. Schwarzbaum 1979, 393 not. 4f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 211, cf. No. 174; Schmidt 1999; EM: Schwanzlose Tiere (forthcoming).","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 64; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 64; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 432; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 64; Portuguese: Fontinha 1997, 89ff., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 64; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 450; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 214; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, Nos. 2, 6; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 419; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, 9ff.; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 99; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 16*; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 64; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 64; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 3, 29 IV; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 64*A, Noy 1976, Nos. 2A, 64; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 41; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 64; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 275ff., El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 4, 21, 30, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 4; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 2A, 64; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 403, No. 88; West Indies: Flowers 1953; New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, No. K1021.1; North, African, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 31, El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, Nos. 2, 11, Nowak 1969, Nos. 9, 21, 31, El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, Nos. 12D, 22, Nowak, Nos. 21, 30, El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; Tunisian: Stumme 1900, No. 21; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 54, El-Shamy 2004, No. 64A�; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 64, cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 494.","(Including the previous Type 64.) A fox (jackal, wolf) who has been tricked into losing his tail asks his companions to tie their tails together. When they run away suddenly, they pull each others' tails off. The men (animals) in pursuit cannot tell which fox they were chasing, because now there are many foxes without tails [K1021.1]. Cf. Type 78. In some variants a fox who has lost his tail in a trap tries to convince other foxes to have theirs cut off. Often, he does not succeed [J758.1, cf. J341.1]. (Previously Type 64.)","The previous Type 64 is an Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 424 No. 17).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,2B,Basket Tied to Wolf's Tail,"Thaarup-Andersen 1954; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 122; Schwarzbaum 1979, 482; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 224.","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 338; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 22, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 460; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Mordvinian: Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. IV, 836ff., 839ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 241f.","A wolf sees a fox who has many fish, and would like to catch some himself. The fox tells him to hang a basket from his tail. The wolf does this. The basket is filled with water, or the fox fills it secretly with stones, so that the wolf cannot pull his tail out [K1021.2].",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 4, and 5."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,2D,The New Tail (previously Wolf [Bear] Persuaded to Turn in Wind),,"French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Nos. 2C, 2D, 2E; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 2E; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 2E; Walloon: Laport 1932, *2A; German: Haltrich 1885, 40f., Fox 1942, No. 48; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 2D, cf. No. 2C*; Slovene: Matietov 1973, No. 32; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 3; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 40B*, Noy 1976, No. 40B*; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, No. 2E; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III.","(Including the previous Types 2C and 40B*.) A wolf (bear) gets a tail out of flax (hemp) to replace the tail he has lost. A fox provokes him to jump over a fire. Thus the new tail is burned (the wolf himself is burned). (Previously Type 2C.) The fox tells the wolf to hold his burning tail up in the wind, but it only burns faster. The wolf is injured or killed. In some variants, the fox convinces the wolf to go to a smith to have a new tail welded on. The wolf is thus severely injured. (Previously Type 40B*.)",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 2, 4, and 5."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,3,Simulated Injury (previously Sham Blood and Brains),"Krohn 1889, 54�58; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 243; EM: Scheinverletzungen (forthcoming) (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 4, 8, 10, 11, 27, VI, 292; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 3; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 3/4; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, 3ff., 11; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 312, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Lemke 1884ff. II, No. 44, Behrend 1912, No. 4; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. K1875; Italian: Anderson 1927ff. III, No. 64, Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994 I, No. 42a; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Nedo 1972, 274ff., Sirov�tka 1980, No. 39; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 132, 138f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 122, II, No. 572; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 58ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 1, 2; Croatian: Plohl Herdvigov 1868, No. 115f.; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 1, 2, 3, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 11; Rumanian: Karlinger 1982, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 2a; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 5, Alptekin 1994, No. IV.64; Jewish: Noy 1976; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 4; Tadzhik: STF, No. 11; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. II, 67ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, Nos. K522.1, K1875; Spanish-American, Mexican: cf. Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Argentine: Vidal de Battini 1980ff., No. 439; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 21, 24.","A fox covers his head with a milky substance (buttermilk, yoghurt, cheese, cream) or dough and convinces a wolf (bear) that he has been so badly injured that his brains are coming out [K473, K522.1, cf. K1875]. Cf. Types 8, 21.","Rarely an independent tale, usually followed by Type 4. Documented in Estonia in 1817.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 2, 4, 5, 15, 30, and 41."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,3*,The Wolf Supplies Food for the Fox (previously The Bear Throws Hens to the Fox),,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 3,3; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 74; Hungarian: MNK I; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 379.","A fox convinces a wolf (bear) to go into a hen house (stable) and throw the chickens (lambs) out to him. Then the fox tells the dogs and they attack the wolf. The fox runs away taking the chickens with him [K1022.3]. When he meets the wolf later, the fox pretends that he has been attacked worse than the wolf.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,30,The Fox Tricks the Wolf into Falling into a Pit,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 552f.; EM 11,2 (2004) 608�618 (L. Lieb); cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 47.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 32, VI, No. 295; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 11; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 20, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Haltrich 1885, 31 No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: cf. MNK I, Nos. 30A*, 30B*; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, 65ff.; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 30, cf. No. *30B; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: Barag 1966, No. 100; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: cf. MNK X 1, No. 30A*; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 95f.; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 9f.; Buryat: Lrincz 1979; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 30, cf. Nos. 30A*, 30B*; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *30A; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 141; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, 52ff.; Moroccan: cf. Basset 1897, No. 82, cf. Laoust 1949, No. 2, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A fox (hedgehog, pig, hare) entices a wolf (lion, jackal) to a pit (well, trap). He dares the wolf to jump over the edge, or tells him there is food in the well. The wolf falls (jumps) in and is trapped. Or, the fox lures the wolf into a concealed trap.",Documented in a Hebrew fable of Ha� Gaon (939�1038).,"1, 2, 3, 4, and 47D."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,31,The Fox Climbs from the Pit on the Wolf's Back,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 139; Schwarzbaum 1964, 184; Schwarzbaum 1979, 555, 558 not. 24; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 176; Schmidt 1999; EM 11,2 (2004) 608�618 (L. Lieb); cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 47.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 33; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 12; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 435; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K652; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K652; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 429; German: Neumann 1968a, No. 199, Tomkowiak 1993, 211; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 31, 31A*; Slovene: Vrtec 1 (1873) 12; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 10; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 56; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 57f.; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 778, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 44; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, 48f., 59f., Overbeck 1975, 243; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 14; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 155II; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Chad: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 38; Zimbabwen: Klipple 1992; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 510.","A fox jumps (falls) into a well and cannot get out by himself. He entices another animal (wolf, goat, bear) to come down with him. When the wolf asks how they will be able to get out, the fox says they will help each other. He climbs up on the wolf's back and gets out. On top of the well he mocks the wolf and does not help him out as he had promised [K652].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 423 No. 9). Also documented in the Roman de Renart (XVII,1�138), in ca. 1205.","20A, 127B*."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,32,The Wolf Descends into the Well in one Bucket and Rescues the Fox in the Other,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 78 No. 57; BP III, 192f., IV, 320; Jauss 1959, 128�132; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 191; Shukry 1965; Bercovitch 1966; Tubach 1969, No. 5247; Schwarzbaum 1979, 550�553, 556 not. 9; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 223; Dekker et al. 1997, 210�212; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 500; Schmidt 1999; EM 11,2 (2004) 608�618 (L. Lieb).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 34; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 13; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896, No. 52; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K651; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 342; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K651; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K651, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 8, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 464; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 207; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 215f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 420; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5247; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 42ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; US-American: Burrison 1989, 94f., 155; African American: Dorson 1958, 167f.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 55; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, 3 No. 1, Topper 1986, No. 45, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 544.","A fox (hare, hedgehog) falls or jumps into a well because he is thirsty (is fleeing from someone, or wants to trick the wolf into coming down) and sits in a bucket. He persuades the wolf (jackal) to get into the other bucket, and this lifts the fox's bucket up to the top so he can get out [K651]. Often men find the wolf in the well and beat him.","Documented in a Hebrew fable of Rashi de Troyes (1040�1105), then in the 12th century in Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 23). Also documented in 1178 in the Roman de Renart (IV,1�478).",34.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,33,The Fox Plays Dead and Is Thrown out of the Pit and Escapes,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 213, 367; EM 11,2 (2004) 608�618 (L. Lieb).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 30, 35; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 21, Cardigos (forthcoming); Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1955, 77f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 48; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 33, *33A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 5 V; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 159, 160; Turkmen: cf. Stebleva 1969, No. 1; Indian: Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 45, cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 996; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 177; Hawaiian: Kirtley 1971, No. K522; South American Indian: cf. Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K 522; North African: Basset 1897, No. 69, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 31, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Basset 1887, No. 8, Nowak 1969, Nos. 9, 31, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 44, El-Shamy 2004; Chad: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 44; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1735, Klipple 1992; Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992.","A fox (often together with one or more other animals) is caught in a trap (pit) and cannot get out. When the hunter comes, the fox pretends to be dead [K522]. The hunter takes him out of the trap and, thinking he will not move, lays him down. The fox runs away. Cf. Types 1, 105*, 233A, and 239. Other animals try to imitate the fox's trick and pretend to be dead, but the hunter is not fooled a second time.",NA,"41, 105."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,34,The Wolf Dives into the Water for Reflected Cheese,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 230f.; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 191; Wesselski 1935b; cf. Schwarzbaum 1964, 184 No. 34B; Shukry 1965; Schwarzbaum 1979, 22 not. 11, 550�558; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 203, 580; Dekker et al. 1997, 210�212; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 503; EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 194; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 34B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 34, 34B; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 34B; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Nos. 34, 34B, Cifarelli 1993, No. 342; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 34, 34B, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 34, 34B; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1791.3, Oriol/Pujol 2003, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 34B; Portuguese: Martha/Pinto 1912, No. 38, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 34, 34B, 34*C; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 56; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 7, Peuckert 1959, No. 244III; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 34, 34B; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 39; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 122, II, No. 572; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 115f.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 50, Eschker 1992, No. 50; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 1, 2; Rumanian: Karlinger 1982, No. 19; Bulgarian: Ognjanowa 1987, No. 60; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 11; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 2a, 2b, Nedo 1972, 174ff.; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 34*; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976, Nos. 34, 34B; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 951, 955; Chinese: Ting 1978; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 295 No. 81; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1958, 167f., Dance 1978, No. 396; Mexican, Guatemalan, Costa Rican: Robe 1973, Nos. 34, 34B; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 34**A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Nicaraguan: Robe 1973, No. 34B; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, Nos. 34, 34B; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 55; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 228, 229; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 39f.; East African: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1629.","(Including the previous Type 34B.) A wolf (fox, hyena, monkey) sees the moon reflected in water (a well) and thinks there is a cheese (sheep, butter) lying under the water. He jumps in to get it [J1791.3]. Often another animal (the fox) persuades the wolf to do this. Cf. Types 1335A, 1336. In some variants the animal tries to drink up the water in order to get some cheese that he supposes is under it. He bursts. Or, the fox plugs him with a stopper just before he would have burst, and removes it when they come to an inn (a party). (Previously Type 34B.) Cf. Type 1141.","Documented by Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 23) in the 12th century. The variant with the drinking animal appears in Marie de France, �sope, No. 58 (cf. Perry 1965, 448 No. 135). With human actors see Type 1336.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 15, 32, 41, 49, 49A, 74C*, 78A, 122, 122A, 123, 154, 175, and 1530."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,34A,The Dog Drops his Meat for the Reflection,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 85 nos. 14, 15, III, 37 No. 41; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 426; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 37; Schwarzbaum 1964, 184 No. 34; Tubach 1969, No. 1699; Hatami 1977, No. 28; Schwarzbaum 1979, 17�25; Bodemann 1983; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 307; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 136, M. 88; EM 6 (1990) 1343�1347 (A. Gier); Lieb 1996, 43�45.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 36; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, 259 No. 14, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 133; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J1791.4; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 390, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 151; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 236, Neumann 1971, No. 37, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IV, No. 1Kel/3/5, Tomkowiak 1993, 220; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 403, D�m�t�r 2001, 277, 292; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1699; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 237 (3); Jewish: Noy 1976; Ossetian: Christensen 1921, No. 7; Siberian: Radloff 1866ff. I, 216f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 950, 1265, Jason 1989; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 34A*; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 143; Filipino: cf. Fansler 1921, No. 61; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A dog swims across a river (crosses a bridge) with a piece of meat (a bone) in his mouth. When he sees his reflection, he thinks it is another dog with a bigger piece of meat. In an effort to take the meat from this dog, he dives after him (jumps into the water) and loses his own meat [J1791.4]. Cf. Types 34, 92, 1336, and 1336A.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 447 No. 133). Documented by Democritus in the 4th century B.C.E.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,34C,The Monkey with the Lentils,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 139; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 104 No. 67; Schwarzbaum 1979, 23 not. 14; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 20.","Danish: Nielssen/B�dker 1951f. II, No. 70; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1269, cf. No. 1271.","A monkey drops a lentil (nut) out of his hand. As he climbs down the tree to find it, he drops the other lentils which he also had in his hand. When he reaches the ground, he cannot find any of the lost lentils [J344.1].",Documented in the Indian Jtaka (No. 176).,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,35A*,The Fox Asks the Wolf for Meat,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 475�477; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 399; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. S.179.",Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Ukrainian: cf. SUS.,"A fox smells the meat that a wolf has caught, but gets nothing. He suggests to the wolf how to protect the meat from greedy neighbors, and steals it at night [K331]. Cf. Type 1792.","Documented between 1205 and 1250 in the Roman de Renart (XXIV,213�314).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,35B*,The Fox Gets Bait from Trap by Luring Wolf into It,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; German: Plenzat 1927, 6, cf. Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 6; Greek: Megas 1978, No. *44A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 3 (1�2); Dagestan: Levin 1978, No. 44; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 159; Kara-Kalpak: Reichl 1985, 15, 53, 107f.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 32, 92; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Kazakh: cf. Reichl 1986, No. 28; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, No. 44*; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A fox finds a piece of meat by the roadside, but he is afraid that it might be a trap and does not eat it. When a wolf comes the fox tells him about the meat. The wolf goes to take it and falls into the trap. The fox is then able to eat the meat without danger [K1115.1]. In many variants the fox pretends to be fasting and thus says that he cannot eat the meat. When he eats it afterwards, he tells the wolf that the time for fasting is over.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,36,The Fox Rapes the She-Bear (previously The Fox in Disguise Violates the She-Bear),"Krohn 1889, 89�93; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 3014; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 219; EM 5 (1987) 478�480 (U. Huse).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 37; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 14; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 2015; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: cf. Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 7, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 462; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Hungarian: MNK I; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 99; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS, Nos. 36, 36*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 1 V; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 8; Kazakh: Makeev 1952, 165ff., Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 190ff.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 18, 27, 394; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Virsaladze 1961; Oman: M�ller 1902ff. III, No. 35; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 888; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 182; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 9; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K521.3; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 230, 231; Argentine: cf. Chertudi 1960f., No. 2.","A fox (hare) asks the children of the mother bear (wolf, fox, lioness) about their mother and says he would like to sleep with her. The mother bear overhears this and lies in wait for the fox so she can catch him. He slips between two trees but she is caught between them, and the fox rapes her [K1384]. The fox uses mud to color himself black and comes back to the bear disguised as a monk [K521.3]. She asks him if he has seen the fox. He asks her if it was the fox who raped her, and she worries that all the animals already know what happened to her.","Documented by Marie de France, �sope (No. 60) in the 12th century, and in 1174 in the Roman de Renart (II,1024�1390).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,37,The Fox as Nursemaid for the Mother Bear,"Krohn 1889, 93�97; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 88, No. 24; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 247�249; EM 5 (1987) 498�503 (D. D. Rusch-Feja); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 38�40; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 4, 15; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 37, 37*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 37*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 37, 37*; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 37*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 37*; German: Birlinger 1871, 222f.; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 37*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 41; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 3; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 171; Siberian: Doerffer 1983, No. 32; Uzbek: Reichl 1978, 11, 59, 116; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 2; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 37*; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 443, cf. No. 80; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 92; North American Indian: Thompson 1929, No. 31; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 365ff.; Nicaraguan, Costa Rican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K931; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 3, 4; Guinean: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 855, Klipple 1992; Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 432; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 37, 41c, Grobbelaar 1981, Nos. 37, 37*, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 432A; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.1.37, 2.2.37.","(Including the previous Type 37*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A mother bear needs a nursemaid to take care of her children while she goes out hunting. Out of all (e.g. hare, wolf, ox, fox) who apply, she chooses the fox (hyena). Each time she goes out he eats one of her children, but makes sure that she does not notice that they are missing. After the fox has eaten all of the children, he leaves [K931]. In north European variants the mother bear requires that the applicants sing well, and thus chooses the fox. In a few variants the fox and the goose raise their children together and take turns minding them. The fox eats the goslings. (2) The applicants must sing to prove that they would be good hired mourners. While the mourning husband organizes the burial, the fox eats the corpse. (3) Instead of a nursemaid, a shepherd is needed for a herd of sheep. One after another, the sheep are eaten by the fox [K934]. (Previously Type 37*.) Cf. Type 123B.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,38,Claw in Split Tree,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 86 No. 20, III, 77 No. 53; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 231f.; BP I, 68f., II, 99; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 18, 250; cf. Schwarzbaum 1979, 511�518; EM 3 (1981) 1261�1271 (H. Breitkreuz).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 41�43; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, 20 nos. 30, 34; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 58, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: cf. Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 479; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 235f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 8, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 358; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Satke 1958, No. 36, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 41; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1979, No. 92; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 60ff.; Bulgarian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 36; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 151; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 13 (4), Alptekin 1994, Nos. V.92, V.93; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tadzhik: STF, No. 377; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 75; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 400 No. 9; US-American: Barden 1991, No. 78; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 141ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Argentine: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 35; North African, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 14, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A man (fox) asks a bear (tiger) to help him fell a tree (split wood). The bear is to hold his claw on a part of the tree. The man removes a wedge he had put there, so that the two pieces of wood spring back together and the bear is caught [K1111]. In some variants the bear asks the man for help, but the man says that the bear must help him first.","Documented in the Hitopadea (II,1) and in 1179 in the Roman de Renart (I,474�728).","151, 157A, and 1159."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,4,Sick Animal Carries the Healthy One (previously Carrying the Sham-Sick Trickster),"Krohn 1889, 59�62; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 244f.; BP II, 117�119; HDM 2 (1934�40) 297 (H. Diewerge); EM 8 (1996) 334�338 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 4, 12, 13; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 3; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 3/4; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 312, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 74, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 437; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 39; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 122, II, No. 572; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 17ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, Nos. 50, 59; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 62; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 2a, 2b; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 3, 5; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 42, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 4; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 11, 365; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. II, 89ff.; Spanish-American, Guatemalan, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 7; Dominican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K1818; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 92, III, No. 227; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, No. 2; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Tunisian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 31; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sierra Leone: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1631, Klipple 1992; Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 434; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 4, 35B, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 434.","A fox tricks an injured wolf (bear) into carrying him on his back [K1241] by pretending to be injured himself [K1818]. While he is being carried, the fox says, 'The sick animal carries the healthy one' ('The one who was beaten carries the one who was not'.) When the wolf asks about his chant, the fox changes the words around or threatens the wolf (by saying that dogs are chasing them). Cf. Type 72.",Documented as a Hungarian proverb in the 16th�17th century. Rarely an independent tale.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 2, 3, 5, 15, 30, 34, 41, 47A, 47B, and 100."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,40A*,The Wolf and the Bell (previously Wolf Has Tail Attached to Bell),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 41; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 160***; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 160***; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 62; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 40 and 160***.) Cf. Type 110. This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A wolf and a fox eat food that does not belong to them. The fox fixes a bell to the wolf so that, if anyone opens the door, they will be warned and be able to escape quickly. The wolf's tail becomes caught in the bell cord (he is hung up on the cord). (2) A wolf forces a fox to give him food. The fox takes revenge by ringing a bell which betrays the wolf, or the wolf accidentally reveals himself by ringing a bell [K1114, K1022.4]. (Previously Type 160***.) (3) The animal that wolf and fox want to eat wears a bell, which the fox rings in order to betray the wolf. (Previously Type 40.)",Documented ca. 1190 in Roman de Renart (Branche XII).,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,41,The Wolf Overeats in the Cellar,"BP II, 108�117; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 232f.; Schwarzbaum 1964, 184; Tubach 1969, Nos. 4092, 5346; Schwarzbaum 1979, 210�218, 456; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 216, 222; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 400; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wolf im Keller (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 160*; Livonian, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 33**, 41, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 3; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 433; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1022.1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 3, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 33**, 41, 160**; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 453; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 226, Tomkowiak 1993, 215, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 73, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 90; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 17ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 35 I*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 3; Russian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 41, cf. No. 160*****; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 1, Alptekin 1994, Nos. II.2, IV.63; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 1, Jason 1965, Nos. 33**, 41*, Noy 1976, Nos. 33**, 41, 41*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tadzhik: STF, No. 188; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 33*, 41; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. 41, 160**; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Hawaiian: Kirtley 1971, No. K1022.1; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 4; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 31, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 31, El-Shamy 2004, No. 41*; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 33*, 41*; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 365, 588; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 1052, 1548; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 410; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 410.","(Including the previous Types 33*, 33**, 41*, and 160**.) A fox (cat, jackal, hedgehog) convinces a wolf (polecat, hyena, antelope) to join him in breaking into a cellar (storehouse, stable, kitchen, vineyard) to steal food. While they eat, the fox keeps checking to be sure that he still fits through the narrow exit. The wolf eats so much that he cannot leave. He is caught and beaten (killed) [K1022.1]. In early variants, a fox in a storehouse eats so much that he cannot leave. A weasel advises him to fast. (Previously Type 41*.) Or, the fox pretends to be dead because he is so fat that he cannot leave the cellar without help. Thus he is able to escape. (Previously Type 33**.)","Documented by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 174); then in 1178 in the Roman de Renart (XIV,647�843). The version with the fox and the weasel is documented by Horace, Epistolae (I,7) and as an Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 425 No. 24).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 2, 4, 34, and 100."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,43,"The Bear Builds a House of Wood; the Fox, of Ice","Krohn 1889, 109f.; EM 6 (1990) 604�607 (P.-L. Rausmaa).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 196; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 38; Slovene: Vrtec 44 (1914) 150f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 18; Russian: SUS, Nos. 43, 43*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 39; French-American: Carri�re 1937, 279 No. 62.","(Including the previous Type 1097.) In the winter, a fox (wolf, bear) builds himself a fine house of ice. A hare (wolf, fox, bear, sheep, goat) builds himself a house of wood (stone, iron, grass, wool). When summer comes, the fox's house melts, and he goes to live in the hare's house. He gradually pushes the hare out [J741.1]. Cf. Types 80, 81, and 1238.",Also told with human actors (previously Type 1097).,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,44,The Oath on the Iron,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 191 No. 6; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 408f.; EM 3 (1981) 1140f. (H.-J. Uther); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 322.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 44*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 44*; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 44**; Slovene: Vrtec 21 (1891) 118; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 72, Ardali 1906b, 131f., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 63; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 44*; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 42; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 30ff.; Iraqi: Jahn 1970, No. 2, El-Shamy 2004; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 44A�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *44A; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 44*; North African, Tunisian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 44A�; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 51, El-Shamy 2004, No. 44A�; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 35, El-Shamy 2004, No. 44A�.","(Including the previous Type 44*.) To settle a dispute (about their communal food supplies) a fox (hedgehog, sheep) proposes to a wolf that they swear on an iron trap (called Gospel) to tell the truth. This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) The fox touches the trap delicately. The wolf hits it hard so its jaws snap together and catch him [K1115]. (2) A hedgehog wants to swear on a tree with a trap that is called a judge. When the judge does not answer him, a wolf pushes the trap so hard that he is caught in it. (3) A wolf wants to skin a sheep, but a fox, who is the sheep's friend, makes the wolf promise not to harm him. He swears by kissing a trap, and is caught in it. (Previously Type 44*.) (4) A sheep proposes to swear on a bush in which a dog is hiding. The dog attacks the wolf.","Documented in the middle of the 12th century in Ysengrimus (VI,349�550), then in 1178 in the Roman de Renart (XIV,899�1088, cf. Branche X).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,47A,"The Fox Hangs onto the Horse's Tail (previously The Fox [Bear, etc","Krohn 1889, 70�74; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 235�239; BP III, 74�77; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 120; Schwarzbaum 1979, 232, 233 not. 9; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 124; EM 5 (1987) 511�522 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 44�49; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 17, 31; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 47C; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 47A, p. 49f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 47A, 47C; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 325; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 47C; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Basque: Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 53; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 32, 33, 35, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 47C; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 206, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 241; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 236, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 240, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 132, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 138f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 122; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 47A; Russian: SUS, Nos. 47A, 47C*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *78; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 156, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 7; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 12; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 47A, cf. No. 47C; North American Indian: Knight 1913, 92; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 6; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 110; African American: Harris 1955, 123, Dorson 1958, No. 5; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 325; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 323ff.; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 131ff.; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 47*C, Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 6; Argentine: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 36; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 14, El-Shamy 2004; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 420A; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Nos. 47A, 47C.","] Hangs by his Teeth to the Horse's Tail, Hare's Lip). (Including the previous Type 47C.) A fox (wolf, bear, monkey, several animals) runs into a seemingly-dead horse (donkey, dog) and (on the advice of another animal) wants to take the carcass home for food. He ties (bites) himself to the dead animal's tail [K1022.2, K1047] and starts to drag it home. The horse jumps up and runs away, dragging the fox to his master, who beats (kills) the fox. Or, the fox persuades the wolf to tie a rope around the wolf's neck and the other end around the animal they want to eat. The wolf is strangled. (Previously Type 47C.) Cf. Types 1875, 1900. Often the animal only pretends to be dead, in order to catch the fox. Sometimes the hare witnesses the event and laughs so hard that his lip splits [A2211.2, A2342.1].","Documented ca. 1200 in the Roman de Renart (IX,1586�1903). The variant of Heinrich Steinhoewel, Esopus (7. Extravagante, No. 87) has been very influential. Also an etiological animal tale, why the hare has a split lip.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 47B, 122A, and 154."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,47B,The Horse Kicks the Wolf in the Teeth,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 138, VII, No. 43; Chauvin 1892ff. III, 71 No. 40, IX, 17 No. 3; BP III, 77; Wesselski 1925, No. 58; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, Nos. 75, 114, 125, 214; Schwarzbaum 1964, 184; Tubach 1969, Nos. 371, 2605, 3432; Schwarzbaum 1979, 156, 157 not. 4, 362 not. 22, cf. 339; EM 4 (1984) 440�442 (E. Moser-Rath); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 393, 412; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 523; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 198, M. 56, M. 221, M. 245, M. 273, cf. No. H. 257; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wolf und Pferd (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 116, p. 198; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Danner 1961, 168ff.; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Berntsen 1883, No. 11, Kristensen 1898, No. 12, Holbek 1990, No. 3; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, 286 No. 19, Shaw 1955, 59; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 47B, 47E; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 28, 115, 378; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 47B, 122J, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 47B, 122J; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 122J; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1121, Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 47B, 122J; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 34, 37, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 122J; Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 213, 509, cf. Nos. 258, 459; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 47B, 47E, 122J, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 205; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 224, Berger 2001, No. 122J; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 47B, 47F*, 122J; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2605; Slovene: Vrtec 7 (1877) 172; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 2, Eschker 1992, No. 65; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 61; Bosnian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 3; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 122D*, B�rlea 1966 I, 137, 374; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 122J, cf. No. *122K**; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 422; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 122J; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, 77ff.; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 34; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 38f.; Ukrainian: Sonnenrose 1970, 143ff., Lintur 1972, No. 10; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 11 V, p. 414 No. 4, Alptekin 1994, No. III.58; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 47E, Noy 1976, Nos. 47B, 47E, Jason 1988a, No. 47E; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 122J; Dagestan: Wunderblume 1958, 337ff.; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, 166ff., Druinina 1959, 20f.; Armenian: Wendt 1961, 34ff.; Ostyak: R�dei 1968, No. 38; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 13, Reichl 1985, 19f., 58f., 109f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 55f., Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 4; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 76, 142; Georgian: Dirr 1920, No. 33, Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, 112 No. 36; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 47E; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 8; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 47B, 47E; Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 47E, 48�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 122J; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 8; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 6; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 234; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, Nos. 1, 24; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 47B, 47E, 48�; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 21; Algerian: Rivi�re 1882, 141f., Basset 1897, Nos. 73, 83, Laoust 1949, No. 20, Nowak 1969, No. 32, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 47B, 47E, 48�; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 47E, 48�, 122J; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 70; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, No. 47E, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 420B.","(Including the previous Types 47E and 122J.) A wolf (lion) wants to eat a horse (mule, donkey, foal). Before the horse will let himself be eaten, he demands that the wolf does him a favor, e.g. take a thorn out of his foot, remove his iron shoe, or read his name (his genealogy [J954.1], age, selling price) which is printed on the bottom of his hoof. Or, he asks to be eaten from his hindquarters forward. When the wolf approaches his hoof, the horse kicks him [K566, K1121]. Sometimes a fox persuades a wolf to look for a horse's name (genealogy) under his hoof. Or, the wolf asks God to give him something to eat, or pretends to be a doctor and examines the horse's hoof [K1955, K1121.1]. In some variants a lion sends a wolf and/or a fox (jackal) after a donkey (horse, camel), who is absent from the parliament of the animals. When they ask why he did not attend, the donkey says he has a charter under his hoof that excuses him. When the wolf attempts to read the document, the donkey kicks him [J1608, K551.18]. (Previously Type 47E.)","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 457 No. 187, 587 No. 693, 593ff. No. 699). Documented in the 13th century in the Roman de Renart (XIX,1�90). The motif of the donkey�s charter under his hoof is documented by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 33) in the 12th century.",122A�122N*.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,47D,The Dog Wants to Imitate the Wolf (previously The Dog Imitating a Wolf Wants to Slay a Horse),"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 133; Schwarzbaum 1979, 456, 457 not. 14; EM 6 (1990) 1358�1360 (L. G. Barag); Barag 1995.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 119C*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Hen�en 1951, Nos. 2, 2a; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 119C*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 107; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 117*; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 163, 170; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff I., 199f.; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979, No. 119C*; Tadzhik: STF, No. 371; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 939, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: Hoffmann 1965, No. 19; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 2; Argentine: Vidal de Battini 1980ff., Nos. 144, 190, 220; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 17.","(Including the previous Types 101*, 117*, and 119C*.) A wolf (bear) teaches a dog (jackal, fox) to hunt and, before he preys on a horse, he asks the dog whether his eyes are bloody and/or his hindquarters are trembling. Then he attacks the horse and kills it. When the dog hunts by himself, he asks the same question to a weak companion (cat, hare). After a horse wounds (kills) the dog, his companion says that the dog now really looks frightening because not only his eyes are bloody. Cf. Type 47B.","Documented in the 4th/5th century in a fable of Aphthonius (No. 20). Also found in the Indian Jtaka (nos. 143, 335).","30, 100, and 101."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,48*,"Flatterer Rewarded, Honest One Punished (previously The Bear who Went to the Monkey for the Gold Chain)","BP II, 473; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 381; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 101; Schwarzbaum 1964, 184f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 363f., 594; Tubach 1969, No. 304; EM 1 (1977) 144 not. 48; Schwarzbaum 1979, 389, 391 not. 4; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 11, 28; EM 7 (1993) 1258�1264 (C. Schmitt); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 200, not-H. 247, not-H. 283.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 68**; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 68**; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J815.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J815.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J815.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 18, 454; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 68**; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 68**; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Jewish: Noy 1976.","(Including the previous Type 68**.) The fox flatters the monkey (bear, siren, animal king) and says his children are pretty. The monkey rewards him (gives him food). The wolf (bear) is also hungry, but he tells the monkey the truth about his children and the monkey beats him [J815.1]. In some variants, a self-appointed emperor of the monkeys asks two travelers who he is. One says he is the emperor and is rewarded; the other says he is a monkey and is punished. Cf. Type 51A.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 528 No. 569).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,49,The Bear and the Honey,Schmidt 1999.,"Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. IV, 471ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Slovene: Kosi 1890, 98f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 44; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; North American Indian: JAFL 26 (1913) 75; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 121, 338; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Peruvian: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 18; Kenyan: Mbiti 1966, No. 5; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 424, Schmidt 1996, No. 3.",A fox promises to take a bear (hyena) to a beehive. Instead he takes him to a wasps' nest. The bear bites into it and is badly stung [K1023]. Cf. Type 1785C.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,49A,The Wasp Nest as King's Drum,Schmidt 1999.,"Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 160, 163, cf. Nos. 161, 162, 170, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 141; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 4; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 141; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 231; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, Nos. 33, 51, 61; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 426; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 426.","A monkey (hare, fox, deer) and a tiger (bear, lion, coyote) go hunting together. The tiger finds the monkey sitting next to a wasps' nest (beehive). The monkey says he is guarding his master's drum (organ, garbage [K1056]). Or, he has a snake which he calls his flute (scepter, walking stick) [J1761.6]. The tiger asks him to play his drum, and is stung by the wasps [K1023.1, K1023.5].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,5,Biting the Tree Root (previously Biting the Foot),"Krohn 1889, 62�65; BP II, 117 not. 2; HDM 1 (1930�33) 260 (L. Mackensen); EM 2 (1979) 425�428 (M.-L. Ten�ze); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 13, 22, 23, 29, 38; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 4; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; German: Berger 2001, No. 41; Hungarian: MNK I; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 48; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 6, Alptekin 1994, No. II.4; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 675, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1979; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 237; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 399 No. 1; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, Nos. 35, 39; African American: Baer 1980, 39f., 154; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 92*B; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 339; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 1; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, Nos. 1, 2, II, Nos. 2, 3, 9; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinea Bissau: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2251,1�4, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 1250, 2251,5; Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 522; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 5, 41c, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 522.","A wolf (bear, dog, tiger) chases a fox (heron, turtle) and is able to seize his leg (tail). To get free the fox pretends that the wolf has only a tree root in his mouth, so the wolf lets go (and seizes a tree root). The fox runs away [K543]. Cf. Type 122L*.",Also told with human actors.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 37, 41, 66A, and 66B."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,50,The Sick Lion,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 78 No. 56; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 494; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 123; Schwarzbaum 1964, 185; Schwarzbaum 1979, 428�436; Kaczynski/Westra 1982; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 599; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 472; Lieb 1996, 199�204; EM 8 (1996) 1216�1224 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 269, M. 233; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 50; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 306; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 82, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 455, Hogenelst 1997 II, No. 15; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 235, Tomkowiak 1993, 222; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Kosi 1890, 19f.; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Tadzhik: STF, No. 372; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 95, Jason 1989; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Baer 1980, 153f.; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 57; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 648; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Baer 1980, 153f., Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 512; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 512, Klipple 1992.","A lion (bear, tiger) is sick, and all the animals except the fox (jackal) visit him. The wolf (lynx, coyote, hyena) calls attention to the fox's absence, which angers the lion. The fox overhears this. He comes and tells the sick lion that he will recover if he applies a fresh wolfskin to his body (eats fresh wolf meat [K961.2]). The lion has the wolf skinned [K961].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 534f. No. 585). Documented between 1180 and 1190 in the Roman de Renart (X,1113�1723).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,50A,The Fox Sees All Tracks Going into Lion's Den but none Coming out,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 27 No. 6; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 105; Schwarzbaum 1964, 185; Tiemann 1973; Schwarzbaum 1979, 137�141; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 201; EM 8 (1996) 1228�1232 (B. Steinbauer); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 147, M. 231; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 51; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 312; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J644.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J644.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 66, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 442; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 266; Hungarian: MNK I; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 55f.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *50A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; African American: Dance 1978, No. 352; Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 42, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Reinisch 1879, 202ff., El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 68; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 500; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 500.","A lion who is too weak (lazy) to hunt any more pretends to be sick and stays in his den. One by one the animals come to visit him and he eats them. When the fox comes, he sees the tracks going in, but none coming back out. He decides not to go in [J644.1]. Cf. Type 66A.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 448 No. 142). Documented by Horace, Epistulae (I,1,74) and by Plutarch, Moralia (79A). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,50B,The Fox Leads the Donkey to Lion's Den but Is Himself Eaten,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 185; Schwarzbaum 1979, 44 not. 4; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 180; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. H. 203.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 35; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 215; Jewish: Noy 1976.","In order to save himself from being eaten, a fox brings his friend the donkey to a lion. But the lion eats the fox anyway, before the donkey [K1632].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 457f. No. 191).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,50C,The Donkey Boasts of Having Kicked the Sick Lion,"Tubach 1969, No. 3065; Sch�tze 1973, 90f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 1�4; Timm 1981; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 377; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 217, not-H. 201.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. W121.2.1; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 315; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 199; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 50D*, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 412; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978.","An old, weak lion is insulted and attacked by the animals whom he used to hunt. A bear, ox, donkey, etc. take their revenge and boast of it [W121.2.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 520 No. 481).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,51,The Lion's Share,"G�rski 1888; Chauvin 1892ff. III, 67 No. 33; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 39; Tubach 1969, No. 3069; Sch�tze 1973, 41�46; Schwarzbaum 1979, 73�76, 286�289; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 402; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 932; EM 8 (1996) 1224�1228 (K. P�ge-Alder); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 154, M. 218b, M. 225, M. 232b, M. 464; Schmidt 1999.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 301, 320; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J811.1.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J811.1.1; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 203, 219; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 163, Tomkowiak 1993, 224f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 51, cf. No. 51*1; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 36ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: cf. SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 13; Uighur: Makeev 1952, 187f.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 164; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 13; Tadzhik: STF, No. 187; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 411f., Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 51B*; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Yemenite, Iraqi, Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 215f.; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; African American: Harris 1955, 358ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 4, 5; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 51**A; North African, Egyptian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 27, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Basset 1887, No. 75, Laoust 1949, No. 15, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 781, Klipple 1992; Chad: cf. Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 47; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 141, cf. 111, 111f.; Somalian: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1036; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 510.","A lion (tiger), a wolf (donkey, panther, dog), and a fox (jackal) go hunting together. The wolf has to divide the booty and gives each the same amount. The lion kills him. Then he demands the fox to divide the booty. The fox gives it all to the lion (gives the lion the meat and takes the bones for himself) [J811.1]. When the lion asks the fox where he learned to do that, the fox replies, 'From the wolf.' In some variants the booty is never divided. Instead, the lion claims it all and no one dares to contradict him [J811.1.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 484 No. 339). Ca. 1202 documented in the Roman de Renart (XVI,721�1506). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,51***,The Fox as Umpire to Divide Cheese,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 223 No. 152(21); Schwarzbaum 1979, iii, cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 344.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K815.7; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 107; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1971, No. 40; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Zupanc 1932, 127f.; Croatian: cf. Stojanovi 1867, No. 21; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 1, 10; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *51*****, *243D*, cf. No. *51****; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 178; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989, Nos. 51***, 51*B; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 98; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 18; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Two animals fight over some prey (cheese, meat) and ask a fox (monkey, cat) to judge the case. He eats it himself (cat eats the two animals [K815.7]) [K452]. Cf. Type 926D. In some variants the fox takes bites from the pieces of food to make both parts the same. In the end he eats them both.",Documented in the Arabian version of Kalila and Dimna.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,51A,The Fox Has the Sniffles (previously Fox Refuses to be Mediator),"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 93; Schwarzbaum 1964, 185; Schwarzbaum 1968, 298 No. 319, 364 No. 511, 480 No. 511; Schwarzbaum 1979, 223 not. 13; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 400; EM 5 (1987) 522�527 (E. Moser-Rath); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 229, not-H. 200.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 52; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 317; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J811.2.1; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 23, 456; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 74, Neumann 1971, No. 19, Rehermann 1977, 272 No. 26, 324f. No. 19; Hungarian: MNK I; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 68; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 292; Jewish: Noy 1976; Tadzhik: STF, No. 378; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 10f.; Spanish-American, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","A lion (wolf) asks the animals if his breath smells bad (his den is dirty). Those who say yes are killed. The monkey gives a flattering answer so that the lion will not kill him. Later the lion pretends to be sick and claims that he needs monkey meat to be cured, so the monkey is killed after all. The fox says he has the sniffles (forgot his glasses) and cannot smell, so he is not killed [J811.2]. Cf. Type 243A. Often the animals are killed, whether they say the lion's breath stinks or not.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 522 No. 514). In Jewish jokes, the actors are human.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,52,The Donkey without a Heart,"Rochholz 1869; Krohn 1889, 13�20; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 99 No. 58; Keidel 1894; Hertel 1906; BP II, 153; Schwarzbaum 1968, 22, 358; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 717; Schwarzbaum 1979, 504�511; Barag 1984; EM 4 (1984) 442�445 (L. G. Barag); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 281; Lieb 1996, 65�69; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 220, M. 443, not-H. 289, not-H. 95.","French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 285, 314; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K402.3; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 189, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 497; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 52*A, Noy 1976, Nos. 52, 52*A, Jason 1988a, No. 52*A; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, Nos. 12, 16; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 177; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 143; Kara-Kalpak: �everdin 1960, 135ff.; Kirghiz: Brudnyj/E�mambetov 1962, 28ff.; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, 256ff.; Druze: Falah/Shenhar 1978, No. 22; Syrian, Lebanese, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1972, No. 36, Lebedev 1986, 219ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 347, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, No. *52; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 18, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Socin/Stumme 1894f., No. 18, Laoust 1949 I, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Niger: Petites S�urs de J�sus 1974, No. 8; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 33.","A lion (tiger, wolf) wants to eat a donkey (deer, ram, camel). A fox (jackal, hedgehog) persuades a donkey to go with him to the lion (to go into the service of the king of animals). On the first approach, the donkey runs away, but the fox persuades him again and the lion kills the donkey. The fox secretly eats the donkey's heart (ear, brains). The lion notices that the organ is missing, but the fox claims that this donkey never had a heart, because if he had one, he would not have let himself be deceived [K402.3]. In variants from central Asia, a wolf, a bear, and a fox catch a camel who lets himself be eaten. While the bear and the wolf clean (butcher, transport) the carcass, the fox eats the heart (brains, intestines). He tells the wolf that the bear ate it. While the bear and the wolf fight, the fox runs away with the meat. Cf. Types 785, 785A.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 484 No. 336). Documented in the Indian Pa�catantra (IV,2).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,53,The Fox at Court (previously Reynard the Fox at Court),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 66, VII, No. 32; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 29; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 2171; Powell 1983, 152�166; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 192, 215; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 497.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, Nos. 86, 207; Hungarian: MNK I; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A fox is summoned before a judge because of his crimes (e.g. stealing chickens, being absent from the parliament of the animals) and is condemned to death. By means of his last request, he manages to escape [J864.2, cf. K2055]. In some variants the fox is finally killed by a man.","Documented between 1174 and 1190 in the Roman de Renart (I, Va).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,53*,The Fox Investigates a Roar (previously The Fox and the Hare Hear Screaming),"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 384.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 305; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *70C*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 70C*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 70C*; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. U113.",A fox (lion) hears a loud roar and is frightened but he goes to see what caused it. He finds a frog who is croaking and steps on (kills) him [U113].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 448 No. 141).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,55,The Animals Build a Road (Dig Well),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 312�324; Schmidt 1999; EM: Tiere bauen einen Weg (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 53�55; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, Nos. 73, 74, cf. Danner 1961, 159; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 54, 55; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2537; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 33a; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 172�177; Guinean: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1981, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 736; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1980, No. 49; South African: Klipple 1992.","The animals (birds) decide (are commanded by God) to build a road (well, reservoir). One animal (mole, mouse, snake, crab, swallow, raven, oriole) refuses to help because he thinks he can go where he wants without it (can always find enough water). The animals prevent him from going to the well [A2233.1], or he is killed when he crosses the road [A2233.1.2, A2233.1.3] [Q321].",Documented in the 13th century in the Roman de Renart (XXII). Later combined with etiological tales about animal characteristics (names).,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,56,The Fox through Sleight Steals the Young Magpies,EM 5 (1987) 534�537 (M. Belgrader).,"Livonian: Loorits 1926; Karelian: cf. Konkka 1959, 123ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 464f., 465ff.; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Slovene: Kosi 1890, 124f.; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 15; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Byelorussian: Barag 1966, No. 99; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 67; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 12; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958 I, 181ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 47ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Niger: Petites S�urs de J�sus 1974, No. 4; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 229ff.",This type number refers to a cycle of related tales with the same introduction. See esp. Types 56A and 56B.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,56A,The Fox Threatens to Cut Down the Tree and Gets Young Birds (previously The Fox Threatens to Push Down the Tree),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 112 No. 81; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 279�283; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 536; EM 5 (1987) 534�537 (M. Belgrader); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 17, 56; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 18, 19,1�3; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 20, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Lemke 1884ff. II, No. 38, Ranke 1966, No. 5, Hen�en 1963a, No. 33; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Kosi 1890, 44f.; Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1955, 72ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 9 (1�3); Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Kapieva 1951, 17ff., Chalilov 1965, No. 7; Ossetian: cf. Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 17f., Levin 1978, No. 40; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, 69ff.; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 17ff.; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 67; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 230f., Doerfer 1983 II, No. 82; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 9; Kazak: cf. Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 201ff.; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 14; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 34, 300, 320, 362; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, 258f.; Buryat: cf. liasov 1959 I, 267ff.; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 182f., Heissig 1963, No. 13; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 4; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Hawaiian: Kirtley 1971, No. K751; Eskimo: cf. Bar�ske 1991, No. 53; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K751; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 281ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 2; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Rivi�re 1882, No. 6, Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 I, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 26, El-Shamy 2004; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992, No. 56, El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1881ff. II, No. 22, Gankin et al. 1960, 219f.; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 11, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 550.","A fox (jackal) threatens to cut down the tree (using his tail as a saw) of a mother bird (magpie, woodpecker, dove, thrush, nightingale) unless she will throw down to him one of the chicks (eggs) which are in her nest [K1788]. Thus the fox eats one of the chicks every day. When only one is left, the mother tells another mother bird (crow, magpie) about her misfortune. This bird replies that a fox cannot cut down a tree. The mother refuses to give the last chick to the fox, who decides to take revenge on the neighbor bird. When he sees her, he pretends to be dead. The bird approaches him, and the fox kills and eats her [K751, cf. K827.4]. Cf. Type 1.","Documented between 1174 and 1190 in the Roman de Renart (V,21�246, Va,247�263).","6, 56B, 56D, and 225."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,56A*,Fox Plays Dead and Catches Bird,"Tubach 1969, Nos. 2173, 2176; Henkel 1976, 188f.; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 206; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 109.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 58; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K911; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K828.2; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. K827.4, K828.2; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 447; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Hungarian: MNK I; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, 242ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 17 (1941) 115f.; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K911; East African: Klipple 1992, No. 56.","A fox (cat) pretends to be dead in order to catch a bird (crow) that comes near him. The fox eats it [K827.4, K911]. In some variants the fox blows up his stomach like a balloon, so that he seems to be dead and bloated. Or, the fox lies beside the hens' roosting place and pretends to be sick. When the hens come near him, he kills them [K828.2]. Cf. Type 1.",NA,56A.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,56B,The Fox (Jackal) as Schoolmaster (previously The Fox Persuades the Magpies into Bringing their Young into his House),"EM 5 (1987) 534�537 (M. Belgrader); Schmidt 1999, No. 56C.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 57; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 56B, 354 No. 56AB; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 60�63; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. K811, K911; Scottish: cf. Campbell 1890ff. I, 279 No. 7; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Pires de Lima 1948, 535f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 56; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 56D*; German: Neumann 1971, No. 51, cf. Moser-Rath 1964, No. 87; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 6; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 56F*, cf. D�m�t�r 1992, No. 382, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 56D*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 41; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 4; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 9; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 8; Uzbek: cf. Schewerdin 1959, 102ff.; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 448, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 56C; Chinese: Ting 1978; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K811; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 3; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 56**C; Algerian: Laoust 1949, No. 26, Lacoste/Moli�ras 1965 I, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992, No. 56; East African: Arewa 1966; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 56B; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 432B; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 56B, 56C, Grobbelaar 1981, No. 56C, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 432B.","(Including the previous Types 56C and 56D*.) A fox (jackal) persuades a bird (magpie, woodpecker, dove) or a crocodile (wolf, leopard, hyena) to let him educate her children [K1822.2]. The fox eats them [K811, K931.1]. When the mother comes to visit them, the fox says they are not there (shows her one that is still alive). After a while the mother discovers what has happened. She goes for help to a dog (wolf). The dog pretends to be dead (lures the fox into a trap) and kills the fox [K911]. Cf. Type 37. Or, the fox leaves before the mother can take revenge. (Previously Type 56C.) In some variants the fox baptizes the hen's children and becomes their teacher. Then he eats them. (Previously Type 56D*.)","Documented ca. 1200 in the Roman de Renart (XI,716�1522).","56A, 154, 223, and 248."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,56D,Fox Asks Bird what She Does when Wind Blows,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 112 No. 81, 151 No. 13; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 283f.; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 536; Schmidt 1999.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1971, No. 11, Tomkowiak 1993, 236; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 458; Slovene: Kosi 1890, 44f.; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 52; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 56D*; Georgian: Dirr 1920, No. 34; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 428; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 428.","A fox (jackal) asks a bird (sparrow, duck, heron, flamingo) what she does with her beak when it is windy (when she goes to sleep). When the bird puts her head under one wing to demonstrate, the fox gobbles her up [K827.1].",Documented in Kalila and Dimna (No. 81).,56A.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,57,Raven with Cheese in his Mouth,"Ewert 1892; Chauvin 1892ff. III, 76 No. 49, V, 288 No. 172; Bronkowski 1943; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 48; Bihler 1963; Schwarzbaum 1964, 185; Tubach 1969, No. 2177; Dithmar 1970; Schwarzbaum 1979, 76�81; Kvideland 1987, 235; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 205; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 126, M. 138; EM 11,1 (2003) 135�139 (L. Lieb).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 59, 60; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 20; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Wehse 1979, No. 483; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 163; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. K334.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K334.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 63, 72, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Schippers 1995, No. 448; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 267, Tomkowiak 1993, 213f., Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 398, D�m�t�r 2001, 277; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2177; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 461; Slovene: Kosi 1890, 57; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 51; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 52; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Altaic: Radloff 1866ff. I, 217; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, 135; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 360, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 12; Filipino: Fansler 1921, 395ff.; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 451; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 48f.; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 67; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.57, Klipple 1992.","A fox flatters a raven (crow), who is carrying a piece of cheese (meat, breadcrust, a grape) in his beak, by complimenting him on his beautiful singing voice. The raven wants to sing to the fox and drops the cheese. The fox grabs it and gobbles it up [K334.1, cf. A2426.2.6]. In some variants, the fox provokes the raven by saying that it is too bad that such a beautiful bird as he is, is unable to sing.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 445 No. 124). Documented between 1174 and 1190 in the Roman de Renart (II,844�1023) and in other medieval animal tales.","56A, 225."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,58,The Crocodile Carries the Jackal,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 282f.; EM 8 (1996) 489; Antoni 1982; Schmidt 1999.","Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 14; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 205ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 356, 357, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Nos. 58, 60*A; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 91ff.; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 141; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 224ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 399 No. 7; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 16; African American: Parsons 1923a, Nos. 40, 41; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 5, 7; West African: Zwernemann 1985, 105ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 58A�; Kenyan: Geider 1990 I, 244.","A rabbit (jackal) wants to cross a river in order to get some food (because he is invited somewhere). He persuades a crocodile (camel) to carry him across on his back. During the ride, the rabbit declares that the crocodile stinks (the camel is chased on the opposite bank by men). On the return trip, the crocodile, offended, lets the rabbit drown. Occasionally the rabbit escapes. In some variants a monkey (fox) declares that he has been commanded to count the crocodiles. He orders them to lie in the river next to each other [B555]. He counts them by walking on their backs and is able to cross the river [K579.2].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,59,The Fox and the Sour Grapes,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 79 No. 59; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 94; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 214; EM 5 (1987) 527�534 (I. K�hler); Dolby-Stahl 1988; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1119; Dekker et al. 1997, 122; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 15ab, M. 505.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 61; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS59; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 450; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 59, 59A, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 59A, Goldberg 1998, No. J871; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 59A; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J871, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 353, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 431; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 214f., Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, 154ff.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 59, 59A*1, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 423; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 72f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 390, cf. No. 419; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 6; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 59; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Saudi Arabian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 269, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 64; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 87; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 13; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Algerian: Scelles-Millie 1970, 17ff.; Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A fox (cat, bear, jackal) cannot reach some grapes (pears, rowanberries, pomegranates, flesh, cheese). He persuades himself that they are not ripe enough to eat (that they stink, or that he cannot eat them because it is a fast day) [J871]. In some variants the fox tries in vain to pick some pears. He follows after a donkey, hoping that his testicles, which he thinks are pears, will fall off so he can eat them [J2066.1]. When this does not happen, the fox tells himself that they were black and smelly. Cf. Type 115. In Iberian variants, the fox wants to steal fruit at night and asks for some light so he can see it. He is nearly caught by a hunter. The fox says he did not want that much light. Cf. Type 67.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 424 No. 15). Ca. 1200 documented in the Roman de Renart (XI,257�333). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,59*,The Jackal as Trouble Maker,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 186; Schwarzbaum 1979, 67, 71 not. 13, 282f., 285 not. 16.","Catalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K2131.2; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 75, Tomkowiak 1993, 288; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 428; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 18, 19, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 182; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 22; Filipino: Ramos 1953, 70ff.; African American: cf. Parsons 1923a, No. 48; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.59*.","A jackal (cat, fox) carries dissent between two animals (e.g. lion and tiger, lion and bull [K2131.2], eagle and hog [K2131.1]) who had formerly been friends. They fight and kill each other (they die of hunger). Cf. Type 131.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 521 No. 488). Also documented in the Arabian version of Kalila and Dimna.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,6,Animal Captor Persuaded to Talk,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 200 No. 39; BP II, 207f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 743; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 116; Schwarzbaum 1969, 127 No. 1; Schwarzbaum 1979, 80 not. 10; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 187, cf. No. 179; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1120; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 175, M. 348, M. 495, not-H. 260; Schmidt 1999; EM: �berreden zum Sprechen, Singen etc. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 13�17, 39; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 5; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 449; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K561.1; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K561.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 120, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 434; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 212, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 53; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 61; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 9; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 16, 34, cf. No. 211; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 6**; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Oman: Nowak 1969, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 601, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 141; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 6**A; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K561.1; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 1; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 1; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Vidal de Battini 1980ff., Nos. 15�23, 26�48, 50; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 562; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.6, 3.2.6.","A fox (jackal, wolf) catches a chicken (crow, bird, hyena, sheep, etc. ) and is about to eat it. The weak animal asks a question and the fox answers. Thus he releases the prey and it escapes [K561.1]. Cf. Types 20D*, 122A, 122C, 122B*, 227, and 227*.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 525f. No. 562a). Also documented between 1174 and 1202 in the Roman de Renart (II,353�459, XVI,533�637).","56A, 61."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,6*,Animal Captor Talks with Booty in his Mouth (previously The Wolf Catches a Goose),,Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Jewish: Noy 1976.,"A wolf catches a goose and a fox catches a chicken. The fox asks the wolf something so that he opens his mouth and the goose is able to fly away [K561.1]. Then the wolf asks the fox, but the fox answers without losing his booty. Cf. Types 6, 227*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,60,Fox and Crane Invite Each Other,"Chauvin 1892ff. III. 75 No. 48; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 66; Schwarzbaum 1964, 186; Tubach 1969, No. 2170, cf. No. 1824; Smith 1971; Schwarzbaum 1979, 269�272; Peterson 1981; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 212; EM 5 (1987) 503�511 (W. Maaz); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 493, not-H. 17.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 62, 63; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 21; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1898, Nos. 56�59; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 438; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J1565.1; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1565.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 199, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 441; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 88, Tomkowiak 1993, 214, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 421; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2170; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, 39f.; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 16, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 563; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 55; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1976; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 165; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 68; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 6; Tadzhik: STF, No. 380; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 450; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 23; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954 II, 288f., 343ff.; Chilean: Mihara 1988, Nos. 9, 27; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 19; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 373; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1001, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1001; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.2.60, Klipple 1992.","A fox (jackal, wolf, cat) invites a crane (stork, woodpecker, heron, crow, snipe) to dinner. He serves him soup (milk, mush) in a shallow dish, and the crane cannot eat the food. The crane invites the fox to dinner in return, and serves the food in a bottle (tall jar), or he strews peas on the floor. In this case the fox cannot eat the food [J1565.1]. In some variants the stork invites the fox first, so that the two parts of the tale are reversed.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 504 No. 426); early variants with stork and fox.","41, 225."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,61,The Fox Persuades the Rooster to Crow with Closed Eyes,"BP II, 207f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 743; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 116; Schwarzbaum 1964, 186; Schwarzbaum 1969, 127; Yates 1969; Powell 1983, 139�146; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 187; EM 5 (1987) 494�498 (K. Reichl); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 348, not-H. 260, M. 495.","Estonian: cf. Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 75, 76; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, 279f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 449; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K721, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 2, 13, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: cf. Schippers 1995, No. 434; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 212, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 1; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 9ff.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 67; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 165f.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 2, Alptekin 1994, Nos. III.42, III.43; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 7; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 10; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 1; Tadzhik: STF, No. 284; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 79; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, 33ff.; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 4; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A fox meets a bird (rooster, partridge) whom he persuades to sing (dance) for him. He asks the bird to close its eyes as his father had always done (the fox comes near the bird, pretending that he cannot understand it). The fox grabs the bird [K721, K815.1]. Cf. Type 56D. In many variants, the bird, caught in the fox's mouth, induces him to speak, e.g. to say grace before he eats or to tell someone what he has caught. When the fox opens his mouth, the bird escapes [K561.1]. Cf. Types 6, 122A, 122B*, 227, and 227*.","Documented in the 7th century in a poem of Alcuin (died 804 C.E.), then between 1174 and 1190 in the Roman de Renart (II,276�468).",6.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,61B,"Cat, Rooster and Fox (previously Cat, Cock, and Fox live together)","Schwarzbaum 1964, 186; Schwarzbaum 1979, 67; MacDonald 1982, No. K815.15; EM 7 (1993) 1112f. (U. Marzolph).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 64; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Zenker-Starzacher 1956, 261ff.; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 1; Slovakian: Nedo 1972, 288ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: cf. Swynnerton 1908, No. 51.","A cat and a rooster live together (along with a man or other chickens). When the cat goes out to hunt, he warns the rooster not to open the door to the fox (not to show himself at the window). (Cf. Type 123.) The fox comes and lures the rooster out (by offering him a ride on his tail). When the cat comes home and sees that the rooster is gone, he goes to the fox's den. He entices the fox's children with songs (poetry), eats them, and rescues the rooster [K815.15]. In some variants the rooster has already been eaten by the fox. Or, the cat rescues the rooster once or twice from the fox, but the fox catches him on a later attempt.",Documented in 1795 in Russia.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,62,Peace among the Animals ' the Fox and the Rooster,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 173, No. 12, V, 240f. No. 141; Lancaster 1907; Schwarzbaum 1964, 186; Tubach 1969, No. 3629, cf. No. 4311; Schwarzbaum 1969; Lumpkin 1970; Schwarzbaum 1979, 29�41; Powell 1983, 139�146; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 183, cf. No. 299; EM 5 (1987) 341�346 (H. Schwarzbaum); Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 494, cf. No. H. 268; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 413.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 65; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, 52 No. 15; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, 227 No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 160, cf. No. 157; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1421, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 6, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 451; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, Nos. 85, 161, 206, Tomkowiak 1993, 211f., Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 370; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 143; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 413, cf. No. 425, Karadi 1937, 285 No. 24; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 7; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 17; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. *61*, 62, *62A, *62B; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 2; Jewish: Noy 1976, Keren/Schnitzler 1981, No. 20; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 11; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 11f.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 30ff., Reichl 1986, No. 26; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 49; Tadzhik: STF, No. 54; Qatar, Lebanese, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. 62, *62; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 390, 391, cf. Nos. 392, 571, 628, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 450; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 69, Dorson 1958, 165f.; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 365; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 268ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 5; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 1, 9; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 20, II, No. 9; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Basset 1887, No. 9, Basset 1897, No. 71, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 212f.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 560; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 560.","A fox (jackal) wants to catch a rooster (dove, titmouse, swallow, fish) who is up in a tree (on a dunghill, roost, in the sea) where he cannot reach it. In order to lure the rooster, the fox announces that it has been decreed that all animals are united in peace. The rooster is dubious. The rooster tells the fox that two dogs are coming their way and that maybe they are bringing along the proclamation of peace. The fox is about to run away, and the rooster asks why. The fox says that he is not sure whether the dogs know about the treaty [J1421, K579.8, K815.1.1]. In some variants the fox offers the bird a kiss to celebrate the peace treaty, and promises to close his eyes if the bird is afraid. The bird comes near the fox's mouth and is eaten. Or, the fox offers to pray along with the rooster. The rooster wants to wait until the Imam, who is a dog, arrives. The fox runs away, claiming he forgot to wash in preparation for prayer.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 577f. No. 671). Also documented between 1174 and 1190 in the Roman de Renart (II,469�599) and in other medieval animal tales.",20D*.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,62*,Forbidden to Sit in Trees,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 2, Jason 1965, Noy 1976; Syrian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","In order to be able to catch some geese, a fox tries to convince them that there is a new law that forbids them from roosting in trees. He accuses them of breaking the law and catches and eats them. In some variants dogs come by and chase the fox away.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,62A,Peace between Wolves and Sheep,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 198; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 447; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 86; Tubach 1969, No. 5357, cf. No. 5358; Sch�tze 1973, 87�89; Schwarzbaum 1979, 325�329; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 504.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 54; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. K191, K2010.3; Catalan: Neugaard 1995, No. K191; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 349; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 277.","The wolves convince the sheep (goats, shepherds) that the dogs are responsible for the enmity between sheep and wolves. The sheep agree to deliver the dogs to them as hostages (for punishment). The wolves eat the unprotected sheep [K2010.3]. Or, the sheep give the dogs to the wolves as hostages and take the young wolves in return. The sheep are attacked by the wolves [K191].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 450 No. 153).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,63,The Fox Rids himself of Fleas,"EM 5 (1987) 484�486 (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 110.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 66; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 71, 72; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, 276 No. 2; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, 30�32; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Zender 1984, 35; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Fingar 1953, 49ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Moldavskij 1955, 150f.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 46, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Spanish-American: TFSP 27 (1957) 109; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A fox (jackal) takes a bunch of wool (grass, moss, wood) in his mouth and backs slowly into the water. The fleas in his coat jump forward until all of them are on the wool. Then the fox lets go of the wool or dives under the water [K921].","Documented in the 9th century as an Arabian anecdote. Early European literary source (13th century), see Gervasius of Tilbury, Otia Imperialia (ch. 68). Also a modern legend.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,65,The She-Fox's Suitors,"BP I, 362�364; Wesselski 1931, 97; Taylor 1933, 78; HDM 2 (1934�40) 229f. (H. Diewerge), 176f.; EM 5 (1987) 236�240 (M. Belgrader).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: cf. Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 403; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 38, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 65**; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1350A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 413f.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) In order to test his wife's devotion, an old fox pretends to be dead. The widow rejects the first suitors who come to her because none of them has nine tails, as her husband had. Finally a suitor comes who has nine tails, and the widow agrees to marry him. The old fox who was supposed to be dead comes to the wedding [N681]. He beats his wife and her suitor and sends them out of the house [T211.6]. (2) An old fox is truly dead. One after another, the wolf, dog, stag, hare, bear, and lion (other wild animals) come to woo the widow. Only the young fox has a red coat and a pointed snout, so it is he whom she marries. (3) In Hungarian variants an old widower marries a she-fox, and they invite other foxes to their wedding. The widower pretends to be sick and asks for an axe to put under his pillow. Believing her groom is dead, the bride invites more and more guests. A hare notices that the husband is alive but is unable to warn the others. The old widower catches them, kills them, and skins them. Cf. Type 1360C.","Documented between 1190 and 1195 in the Roman de Renart (Ib,2749�3219).","20C, 2032."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,65*,The Fox Catches a Beetle (previously The Fox Fries a Beetle by the River),,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, 414 No. 20; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Serbian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 8; Greek: Megas 1978, No. *69.","A fox finds a beetle beside a river and wants to fry it. However, the only fire is on the opposite side of the river (the fireplace is from last year). The fox eats the beetle raw, but he imagines it was fried and thinks it was a little bit too crisp. Cf. Type 1262.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,66A,"'Hello, House!' An animal (crocodile) wants to catch a weaker animal (jackal, monkey) and hides in wait in its den","Hatami 1977, No. 48; EM 6 (1990) 407�410 (H. Mode); Schmidt 1999.","Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 533, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 20; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 84, II, Nos. 92, 111; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 35; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 551ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **74B; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 115; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **74B, Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 10; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 24, 108; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2086; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 10, El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 503; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 503.","When the jackal comes home he smells danger (sees tracks going into his den but not coming out). He calls out several times, 'Hello, house!' When no one replies, the jackal announces that usually the house answers him. The animal in the den then answers, and the jackal knows that someone is in his den. He runs away (kills the intruder) [K607.1, K1722]. Cf. Type 50A.",Documented in the Indian Jtaka (No. 57).,Various combinations but no type frequently.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,66A*,The Fox Buys himself a Pipe and goes into the barn to smoke,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 No. 7.",Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977.,The hay begins to burn. The fox extinguishes the fire with his tail and singes himself.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,66B,Sham-Dead (Hidden) Animal Betrays Self,,"Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Bulgarian: BFP; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 515, 517, 526�529, 531, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Esche 1976, 148ff.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 33, II, No. 111; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Baughman 1966, No. K607.3; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 167, Harris 1955, 36ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Guatemalan: Robe 1973, No. 66*C; Costa Rican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 337; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 6; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. K607.3; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 1233, 1250; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.66B.","A jackal (fox, rabbit) tests another (dangerous) animal (fox, crocodile) who pretends to be dead [K1860] (is hiding) to see if it is really dead. The jackal says that dead animals open their mouths or wag their tails. The 'dead' animal does this. The jackal knows it is not really dead (and runs away) [K607.2.1, K607.3].",Documented in the Indian Pli-Jtaka (No. 142).,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,67,The Fox in a Swollen River (previously Fox in Swollen River Claims to be Swimming to Distant Town),"Schwarzbaum 1964, 186; Schwarzbaum 1979, 452 not. 3.","Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Noy 1976; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 64 IIb, cf. No. 64*.",A fox caught in a fast-flowing river loses control of his course. He claims to be swimming to a distant town [J873].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 466f. No. 232).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,67**,The Fox Caught by Butcher,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 66**; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 66**, 67**.","(Including the previous Type 66**.) A fox goes into a house to steal food. He is caught inside and locked in. Finding no way out, he pushes the new boots of the owner (butcher, farmer, old man) into the fire. When the man rushes into the room to rescue his boots, the fox escapes through the open door [K634.1]. Or, a fox is caught in a bakehouse and pretends to look for a back door. His captors run to the rear and the fox escapes through the front [K542.1]. (Previously Type 66**.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,67A*,Trash Substituted for Booty Taken from Fox's Bag (previously Game Taken from Fox's Bag and Trash Substituted),,"Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. K526.4*; Mexican: Robe 1972, No. 8, Robe 1973, No. 122*Q; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **67C; Peruvian: Hansen 1957, Nos. **67C, **67E, MacDonald 1982, No. K526.2; Bolivian: MacDonald 1982, No. K526.2*; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. **67E; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; East African: MacDonald 1982, No. K526.3*; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 553.","This miscellaneous type consists of various tales about a fox (antelope) with a sack of booty (goslings, peanuts). Another animal (dog, chicken, leopard) steals the contents of the sack and substitutes stones (ashes, thorns) [K526]. Cf. Type 327C.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,68,The Jackal Trapped in the Animal Hide,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 215, 217 not. 29.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 293; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 92; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 710�714, 787, 788, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Jason 1989; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 91ff.; African American: Bascom 1992, 83ff.; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Niger: Petites S�urs de J�sus 1974, No. 3; Chad: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 32; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; East African: cf. Arewa 1966, No. 2220; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 214ff.","A jackal (gopher) climbs inside an elephant (through the anus) and eats it from the inside [cf. F929.1]. The elephant dies and the jackal is unable to get out because of the shrunken carcass. He induces the rain god to make rain, and, when the water bloats the carcass, the jackal is able to climb out [K565.2] [K1022.1.1]. In some variants, the elephant lets the jackal climb in to share the water which the elephant has drunk. Once inside, the jackal begins to eat the elephant's flesh [K952.1.1]. In other variants, the elephant is already dead when the jackal climbs inside it. The elephant's children open the dead animal to find out why it died. They discover a hyena and a gopher inside [J2136.6.1]. The gopher claims that the hyena alone caused the animal's death.",Documented in the Indian Jtaka (No. 148).,175.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,68*,The Fox Jeers at the Fox Trap,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 59 No. 21; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 274f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 No. 9; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 414.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Nos. 68*, 245*, Bartens 2003, No. 12; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 5; Ukrainian: SUS; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 47ff.; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 68C�; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 404 No. 110; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 68C�; Congolese: Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 245*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A fox sees a trap and jeers at it. Then he grows curious and approaches it. The trap catches the fox [J655.2]. (2) A magpie, a crow, and a raven talk about a trap. The raven becomes caught in it [J655.1]. (Previously Type 245*.) (3) A swallow warns other birds against a branch covered with birdlime. They disregard the warning and are caught [J652.2]. Cf. Type 233C.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 428 No. 39).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,68A,The Jug as Trap,EM 8 (1996) 257�260 (U. Marzolph).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 67; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 68A, 68B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1986, No. 68B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 68A, 68B; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 68B; Frisian: cf. Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 2; German: Grannas 1957, No. 19; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2169*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 140; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 68A, 68B; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 163; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 68B; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 68A, 68B; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 45f.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 49, 394; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 72; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 68B; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *68B; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 69; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 1294; Chad: cf. Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 43; South African: cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1270 (with human actors).","(Including the previous Type 68B.) A fox sticks his head inside a jug to eat what is in it. He cannot remove the jug from his head and is caught (killed) by a human. Cf. Type 1294. In order to remove the jug, the fox submerges it and thus drowns himself. Or he tries to bash the jug to pieces. (Previously Type 68B.) In some variants the fox becomes angry at the jug and ties it to his neck or his tail in order to drown it. Instead, he drowns himself. (Previously also Type 68B.) [J2131.5.7]. Cf. Type 2B.",Documented in the 14th century in a Bohemian fable.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,7,The Three Tree Names (previously The Calling of Three Tree Names),"Krohn 1889, 65�67; D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 193 not. 1; EM 9 (1999) 1175�1177 (V. Amilien).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 18�20, VI, No. 292; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 6, II, No. 208; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 2; Danish: Kristensen 1900, Nos. 68�82, 324, 633, 634; German: Kuhn 1859 II, 224 No. 4; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 9M; Nigerian: Klipple 1992.",A bear (wolf) and a fox wager as to which can name three trees first. The fox wins because the bear names three different varieties of the same tree. The fox names three different trees which can be pronounced more quickly [N51]. In some variants the devil and a man wager. Cf. Type 1093.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,8,False Beauty Treatment (previously 'Painting' on the Haycock),"Krohn 1889, 67�70; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 239�241; Cosquin 1922b, 385�390; Schmidt 1999; EM: Sch�nheitskur (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 21�23, VI, Nos. 292, 293; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 7; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *45*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 1; French: Dardy 1891, 337ff.; Spanish: cf. Camarena Laucirica 1991 I, No. 7; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Preu� 1912, 17f.; Russian: SUS; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 318, Lintur 1972, No. 30; Jewish: Noy 1976, No. 8A; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 11; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, No. 30, cf. Kontelov 1956, 235f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 26ff.; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 7; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 8B*; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 174, cf. Nos. 175, 180, 210, Jason 1989, No. 8A; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 8, 8B; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 79, cf. Zng 1952, No. 69; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 44, cf. Karow 1972, No. 141; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 402 nos. 72�74; Hawaiian: Kirtley 1971, No. K1013; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1991, No. 70, cf. No. 69; North American Indian: Thompson 1929, 352 not. 271; US-American: Burrison 1989, 86f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 507ff.; Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: cf. Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 41; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Peruvian: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **67F; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 17, Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 37; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 713; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.8, 2.3.8.A, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 8A.) A fox tells a bear (wolf) that he has painted the birds. The bear wants to be painted too, although the fox warns him that it will hurt. The fox has the bear fill a pit with pitch and lay wood over it. He ties the bear on top and sets the wood on fire. The bear is burned (wounded or killed) [K1013.2]. In some variants the fox (jackal, man, rabbit, turtle) hurts the bear (wolf, lion, goat, possum, ogre) in another way, promising to make him more beautiful or to cure him and then putting on him red-hot stones, drenching him with boiling water, shaving his head or tail [A2317.12], or putting out his eyes with a hot poker [K1013]. (Previously Type 8A.)",NA,"1, 2, 5, 6, 8*."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,8*,The Fox Trades the Burned Bones of the Bear for Reindeer,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 8; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 1; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978.",A fox gathers the burned skeleton of a bear and puts it in a sack. He rattles the bones as if they were money and trades the sack for a reindeer (horse).,NA,"1, 2, and 8."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals 1-99,The Clever Fox (Other Animal) 1-69,9,The Unjust Partner,"Krohn 1889, 97�109; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 249�252; cf. Schmidt 1999; EM 10 (2002) 599�603 (P.-L. Rausmaa); EM: Tausch von Pseudot�tigkeiten (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 9, 24�26; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos.3,8; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 9, 9A�9C; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, 13ff., cf. II, 259f., 261ff.; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 9, 9A�9C; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 9AB; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 9, 9C; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Nos. 9, 9B; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 9, 9B, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 9B; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K171.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 64, 65, 93, 95, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 9, 9B; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 437a, Ranke 1966, No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 9, 9B, De Simone 1994, 564ff.; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f., No. 9, 9B; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 5; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Jech 1984, 26f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 164ff.; Serbian: cf. Eschker 1992, Nos. 48, 49; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 4, 5; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 9A, 9B; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 9A, 9B; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 291; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 4, Alptekin 1994, No. II.17; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976, Nos. 9, 9A; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 4; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 81ff.; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 9, 9B, 9C; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, Nos. 59, 81; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 3, cf. No. 255; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 15, 31, 52, 352, cf. No. 237; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 9A, 9B; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, Nos. 330, 336, Jason 1989, Nos. 9, 9C; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 29ff., Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 38, 39; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 9, 1030; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 229; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 5; Spanish-American: TFSP 9 (1931) 153ff., 12 (1935) 16f., 14 (1938) 32ff., 25 (1953) 220ff.; Mexican: Aiken 1935, 16f.; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **74F; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 9B; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, No. 4; North African: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Basset 1897, No. 79, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 9, 9B; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 9, 9A, 9B; Guinean, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1980, No. 50; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 9A, Grobbelaar 1981, Nos. 9, 9A, cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 468, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Types 9A, 9B, and 9C.) A fox (jackal, monkey) and a bear (wolf, hedgehog, crab, bird) work their land together and agree to share the profits. While the bear threshes the grain in the barn, the fox rests, saying he has to support the beams in the roof so that they will not fall on the bear [K1251.1]. (Previously Type 9A.) When they divide the harvest, the fox takes the grain and gives the bear the bigger pile of chaff [K171.1]. When their harvest is ground at the mill, the fox's share sounds different from the bear's [K171.2]. (Previously Type 9B.) Cf. Type 1030. When the fox's grain is cooked it looks light, but the bear's looks dark. In order to convince the bear that all the grain tastes the same, the fox secretly takes a spoonful from the bear's dish and pretends it is from his own [K471]. (Previously Type 9C.) In some variants the animals have a race to determine who gets which part of the harvest. Cf. Types 275A'C.","Parts of the tale are also documented independently, esp. the episode of the dividing of the harvest.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 3, 4, 15, and 47A."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,100,The Wolf is Caught because of his Singing (previously The Wolf as the Dog's Guest Sings),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 233f.; BP II, 111; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 131; Schwarzbaum 1979, 216; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 627; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 98; EM: Wolf: Der singende W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 84, 85; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 332; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J581.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Jahn 1889, No. 558, Knoop 1925, No. 104, Oberfeld 1962, No. 5; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Hor�k 1971, 38ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 138�140; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 2, Eschker 1992, No. 65; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 49; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 13; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 12*, 100; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 9; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Oman: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 29; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 995, cf. Nos. 992, 993, 1040; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 11; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 22; Algerian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A dog (fox) invites a wolf to a feast (cellar full of food). The wolf eats and drinks too much. When he sings in spite of the dog's objections, he is thrashed or killed. The dog escapes [J581.1]. Cf. Types 41, 163, and 214A.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 596f. No. 701).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 2, 3, 4, 5, 101, 102, 103, 122A, and 122M*."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,101,The Old Dog as Rescuer of the Child (Sheep),"BP I, 424�427; Leach 1961, 384; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 130; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 290, 627; EM 6 (1990) 1340�1343 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 94, M. 98.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 85; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 66f.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 136, 332; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 494; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 237f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 240, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 48, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Hor�k 1971, 38ff.; Slovakian: Polivka 1923ff. V, 129, 132f., 143f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 158, 271; Slovene: Kres 5 (1885) 505, Bolhar 1974, 114ff.; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1968a; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 4; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 101, cf. No. 101***; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Mexican: Robe 1973; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 75ff.",A farmer plans to kill his faithful old dog because it cannot work anymore. The wolf makes a plan to save the dog: The latter is to rescue the farmer's child from the wolf. The plan succeeds and the dog's life is spared. The wolf in return wants to steal the farmer's sheep. The dog refuses to help and loses the wolf's friendship [K231.1.3].,"Documented in combination with types 103/104 in Grimm, Kinder- und Hausm�rchen. Aesopic fable in combination with type 100 (Perry 1965, 596f. No. 701).","100, 102, and 103."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,102,The Dog as Wolf's Shoemaker,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 271 not. 6; EM 6 (1990) 1350�1354 (I. K�hler-Z�lch).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 86, 93; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 25; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 24; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 8, Benzel 1962, No. 146; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 38, Jech 1984, No. 2; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 141f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 113, 140, 158, 271, II, No. 460; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Hermann/Schwind 1951, 130f.; Kara-Kalpak: Reichl 1985, 15f.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 92, 394; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 17; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 102A�; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 4, 30, El-Shamy 2004, No. 102A�; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 4; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 102A�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 10f.; North African, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 102A�; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 30, El-Shamy 2004, No. 102A�; Chad: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 33; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 42ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","An old dog (fox, jackal, hare) promises to make shoes (fur coat) for a wolf (lion, hyena). The dog orders a cow, hog, sheep, etc. to make the shoes, but instead he eats the animals. When the wolf notices the deception, the dog escapes by a trick, e.g. he orders the wolf to cross a swamp and says that he has shoes now [K254.1].",NA,"100, 101, and 103."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,103,War between Wild Animals and Domestic Animals (previously The Wild Animals Hide from the Unfamiliar Animal),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 209�217; BP I, 424�427; Schwarzbaum 1979, 196; EM 8 (1996) 430�436 (R. W. Brednich); Adrados 1999ff. III, No. not-H. 302.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 85�97; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 26, 118; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 103, 104; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 103, 104; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 103, 104; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 8; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 103�104; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 246�248; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 104; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 48, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001, No. 104; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 132f., 135, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 113, 140, 158, 271, II, Nos. 460, 519; Slovene: Kres 5 (1885) 505, Bolhar 1974, 114ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 49, Eschker 1992, Nos. 48, 49; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 62, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, 37f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 103, 104; Greek: Megas 1978, Nos. 103, 104; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 104; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 4; Russian: SUS, No. 103; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 103, 104; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 15 (5), 45 III 2, 413 No. 2; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 104; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 100; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 5; Japanese: Markova/Bejko 1958, 145; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 439ff.; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.1.104.","(Including the previous Type 104.) A dog and a wolf are in conflict and look for allies. A cat and a rooster join the dog, and a fox and a boar join the wolf. The wild animals flee when the domestic animals arrive: The cat shrieks or raises her tail, and they believe it is a gun. The bear falls out of the tree and breaks his back [B262, K2323, K2324]. Cf. Type 222.","Documented in the middle of the 12th century in the Ysengrimus (IV,735�810).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 9, 41, 100, 101, 102, 103, 103A, 130, and 200."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,103A,The Cat as She-Fox's Husband,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 216f.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Range 1981, No. 4; Lappish, Karelian, Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Hen�en 1963b, 17ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 207f.; Slovene: Matietov 1973, No. 19; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 405, ajkanovi 1927, No. 3, ajkanovi 1929, No. 9; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 60; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 23, 24; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 126ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 103*A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 103; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 9; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Votyak: Buch 1882, 115f.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 39; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000; Central African: cf. Fuchs 1961, 140ff.","An old tom-cat is chased away by his master and marries a she-fox. When the other animals want to visit them, the she-fox tells them her husband is a dangerous beast and they should make offerings to him. They must lay these down in front of the fox-earth and then hide themselves. The tom-cat frightens the other animals so that they flee [B281.9.1]. Cf. Type 103.",NA,103.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,103A*,The Cat Claims to Be King and Receives Food from Other Animals,,"Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 287, 292; Bulgarian: BFP; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 362; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000.","A cat is chased away by his master. He tells a fox that he is the king of the animals. The fox invites him to sleep and warns the other animals to be quiet. The other animals cook a meal and invite the cat to eat with them. When the crow tries to trap him, the cat gets up and the other animals flee in fright.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,103B*,The Cat Goes Hunting,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 15 (1�4).","A huntsman leaves a dead stag. A tom-cat licks its blood. The other animals, thinking he has killed the stag, bring him food.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,103C*,An Old Donkey Meets the Bear (previously Old Ass Turned out by Master Meets Bear or Lion),"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 67 No. 32.","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 35, 36, 58, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK I; Ukrainian: SUS; Tadzhik: STF, No. 157; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 180; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Reichl 1986, No. 2, cf. No. 4; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973.","An old donkey is chased away by his master and meets a bear (lion, tiger). They have various contests. The donkey frightens his opponent with dung called cannonballs, or by braying. Later, the bear describes or shows the 'strange' animal to the fox or wolf. Cf. Types 118, 125B*, 1060, and 1074.","Documented by Marie de France, �sope (No. 55) in the 12th century.","78, 125B*, 275, and 1060."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,105,The Cat's Only Trick,"Krohn 1892; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 258f.; BP II, 119�121; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 118; Schwarzbaum 1964, 188; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 2180; Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 No. 10, 461�468; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 196; EM 8 (1996) 1108�1113 (M. Fenske); Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 489.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 94�96; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 27; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, 220, Kristensen 1896, No. 64; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 437; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J1662; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1662, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 440; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 212, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 75, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 90; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 140; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 13ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 54; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 6, Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 25ff., epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 4; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 159; Armenian: Wunderblume 1958, 457f.; Yakut: cf. Doerfer 1983, No. 82; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 21, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 498, 775, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 107; Chinese: Ting 1978; African American: Dance 1978, No. 384; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 233; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West-Indian: Beckwith 1940, 239; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 21; Moroccan: Basset 1887, Nos. 1, 2, Nowak 1969, No. 21, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004.","The cat in danger saves herself by climbing a tree. A fox, who has boasted that he knows a thousand tricks, is captured by dogs [J1662].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 542f. No. 605).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,105*,The Hedgehog's Only Trick,"Krohn 1892; Schwarzbaum 1979, 462; cf. EM 8 (1996) 1111f.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 105B*; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 238; Croatian: cf. Plohl Herdvigov 1868 I, No. 13, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 9; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 33I*, B�rlea 1966 I, 123ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 48; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 80*, 105B*; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 160; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; North African: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, Nos. 69, 87, El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 105B*.) A fox, who has boasted that he knows a thousand tricks, persuades a hedgehog to steal grapes with him. When the fox is caught in a trap the hedgehog advises him to play dead, so that the huntsman will throw him away and he can escape [K522]. When the hedgehog is caught in a trap, the fox refuses to help him. The hedgehog outwits him and escapes. In some variants a hawk (crane) and a fox live together. When huntsmen approach, the hawk plays dead. Thus the fox is also saved from the hunters. (Previously Type 105B*.) Cf. Types 33, 239.",Greek fable of Archilochos.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,106,Animals' Conversation,Aarne 1912b; EM: Unterhaltung der Tiere (in prep.).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 4; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 106, 2075; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 562, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 9; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 12, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 106*A; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 190, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 2075; Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2075�2077B*; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 303, 305; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *206*, *284*; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 79; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.1.106.","(Including the previous Type 2075.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales with imitations of animal sounds. Cf. Types 204, 211B*, 236*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,106*,The Wolf and the Hog,,"Estonian: cf. Kippar 1986, No. 106A; Greek: Laogr�phia 2 (1910) 692,1; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",At night a sow goes out beyond the gate. A wolf eats her even though she promises to bear many piglets for him. Cf. Type 122D.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,107,Struggle between Dogs and Wolves (previously Dog Leader Fears Defeat Because his Forces are of Different Breeds),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 104f., 290�292; BP III, 545f.; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 431; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 594.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 512.",The leader of the dogs fears the wolves because they are all of one kind while the dogs are of different breeds and of different colors. In some variants the grey dogs join the wolves but after the fight the wolves kill them [J1023].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 484f. No. 342, 485 No. 343).",200.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,110,Belling the Cat,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 109f. No. 74, III, 79 No. 58; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 145�147, 301f.; Arlotto/Wesselski 1910, No. 93; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 213; Baum 1919; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 634; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 196; Schwarzbaum 1964, 188; Tubach 1969, No. 566; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 483; R�hrich 1991f. II, 821�823; EM 7 (1993) 1117�1121 (U. Marzolph); Dekker et al. 1997, 179f.; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 308.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 97; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 110, cf. No. 179D; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Range 1981, No. 7, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 104; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 156; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 264; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: cf. Meyer 1968, No. 110**; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 227, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 42d; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 379, D�m�t�r 2001, 277, 292; Slovene: Kres 6 (1886) 146; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, 70 No. 5; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 113E*; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 3, Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 14; Tadzhik: STF, No. 384; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 33; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 17; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 113E*; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 5, El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","The mice want the cat to wear a bell, but they cannot find anyone to tie it on her [J671.1]. Cf. Types 40A*, 1208*.","Documented in Syrian translations of Kalila and Dimna from the 6th century. Early European literary source, see Odo of Cheriton, Fabulae (No. 54). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,111,The Cat and the Mouse Converse,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 152f., 157 not. 5, 262; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 342.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 98; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 105�109, Kuhre 1938, No. 16, Holbek 1990, No. 1; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 513f.; Irish: � S�illeabha�n/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 549f.; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K561.1.1; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 78; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 25 No. 2, cf. No. 3, cf. Megas 1956f. I, 34f.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 6; Jewish: cf. Noy 1963a, No. 4; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 141; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 122; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 15,3; Moroccan: ZDMG 48 (1894) 403 No. 5.","To escape from being eaten, a mouse tells a cat a tale or has a long dialog with her. Finally the cat announces that she will eat the mouse anyway [K561.1.1].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,111A,The Wolf Unjustly Accuses the Lamb and Eats him,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 56 No. 14, 68 No. 35; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 34; Schwarzbaum 1964, 188f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 466; Tubach 1969, No. 5334; Schwarzbaum 1979, 9�14; N�jgaard 1979; Elschenbroich 1981; Grubm�ller 1981; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 632, cf. Nos. 277, 305; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 160, M. 247; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wolf und Lamm (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 323; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. U31; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. U31; Portuguese: Gra�a 2000, 194, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 497; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 225, Tomkowiak 1993, 231f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 384; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5334; Slovene: Vrtec 1 (1871) 154; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 385, 414; Croatian: Stojanovi 1879, 35; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 54; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 109; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 295 No. 9; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 4, Jason 1965; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 1255, 1256., Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 638.","A lamb is accused of muddying water even though it is drinking downstream from the wolf (tiger, hyena) [U31].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 451 No. 155). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,111A*,A Drunkard's Promise,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 261�264; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 341; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 307.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: cf. Jones 1930, 221; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 194f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a.","A drunken mouse challenges a cat to fight. The cat is about to kill him when the mouse reminds the cat that, when the cat was drunk, he had promised the mouse never to kill him. 'That was a drunkard's promise,' says the cat, and kills the mouse. Cf. Type 132.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,112,Country Mouse Visits Town Mouse,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 114 No. 85, 185 No. 32, III, 57 No. 17; Jacob 1935; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 45; Schwarzbaum 1964, 189; Tubach 1969, No. 3281; Schwarzbaum 1979, 61�64; EM 4 (1984) 1005�1010 (J. K�hn); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 541; Holzberg 1991; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1144; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 311, not-H. 210.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 207; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 431; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 112, 215, Goldberg 1998, No. J211.2; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J211.2, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Clementina 1946, No. 1, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 373; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 251, Tomkowiak 1993, 229, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 42c; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 277; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3281; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 189f.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 63; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 14; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 15, 17; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: MacDonald 1982, No. J211.2; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1031, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",A town mouse is given hospitality by a country mouse but is shocked by his poor food. The town mouse persuades the country mouse to visit her and leads her into the pantry. They are interrupted by a cat or the owner of the house. The country mouse is frightened and prefers her own poverty [J211.2]. Cf. Type 201.,"Documented by Horace, Sermones (II,6, 79�117), also Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 485f. No. 352). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,112*,The Mice Carry the Egg,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Greek: Megas 1978; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Dodge 1987, 44f.",A mouse (rat) lies on her back and holds an egg between her legs. A second mouse pulls her into the cave by her tail.,"Documented by La Fontaine, Fables (X,1).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,112**,The Mice and the Rooster,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 530; Schwarzbaum 1979, 161 not. 4, 515 not. 1; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 423; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 309.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 99; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 30, Range 1981, No. 7; Scottish: cf. Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 58; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 484; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 225; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Mexican: Robe 1973.",The mother mouse warns her children about the cat and tells them that the rooster whom they fear is harmless [J132].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,113,The Mice Choose Cat as King,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 100; Hungarian: MNK I; Turkish: Alptekin 1994, No. IV.68; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 33; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 66; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957 **113A.",This miscellaneous type consists of various tales in which mice choose a cat as their king.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,113*,The Cat's Funeral,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 101; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 113A; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. **113C, Noy 1976, No. *113C; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. **113A, **113B, **113C.",Mice preparing to bury a cat find that it is not really dead. The cat kills them.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,113A,Pan Is Dead (previously King of the Cats Is Dead),"Taylor 1922b; Ranke 1934a, 52�90; Kahl�n 1936; Haavio 1938; � N�ill 1991; Hansen 2002, 131�136; EM 10 (2002) 492�497 (P. Lysaght); Wessmann 2003.","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 367, Jauhiainen 1998, No. G1201; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 123 No. 45; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. 3908; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 6070A, Kvideland/Sehmsdorff 1988, No. 47,9; Danish: Kristensen 1892ff. I, Nos. 315, 347, 357, 368; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 58 No. 101; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 133; German: Merkelbach-Pinck 1943 I, 271, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001, No. 113A*; Swiss: Kuoni 1903, No. 292, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 613f.; Austrian: Vernaleken 1859, No. 39, Depiny 1932, 35, 39, 40 nos. 37, 58, 65, 67, Haiding 1965, No. 328; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 435f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 504C: US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 11 (1933) 99f.; African American: Dance 1978, No. 48.","A man (dwarf) hears a voice (of a cat) that tells him to announce that a third figure (the god Pan, the king of the cats) is dead. The man does not recognize either the voice or the name of the dead person. When he comes home he tells what happened. When the maid (cat) hears this, she says she has to leave (is now the new king of the cats), goes away, and never comes back [B342]. In some variants a man kills a cat that follows him. Before she dies, the cat tells the man to inform a particular person of her death. When the man comes home and tells what happened, his own cat kills him.","Documented by Plutarch, De defectu oraculorum (17); with cats in the 16th century in the Zimmerische Chronik.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,113B,The Cat as Sham Holy Man,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 145, Tubach 1969, No. 888; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 343; EM: Scheinb��ende Tiere (forthcoming).","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. K815.7, K815.13; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 39, cf. Moser-Rath 1964, No. 268; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 3, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 23, 24; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 109f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 56F; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 2, 17; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 267ff., Schmidt/Kahle 1918f., No. 83, El-Shamy 2004; Syrian, Saudi Arabian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 407, 409, 410, cf. No. 135, Tauscher 1959, No. 50, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 113, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 113; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 5; Chinese: Ting 1978; North African, Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 10, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Reinisch 1879, 218ff., Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 55, El-Shamy 2004.","A cat (tom-cat) who pretends to be a holy man (a pilgrim) enlists mice (rats) as disciples. It eats them one by one as they file by or listen to his sermons. In some variants the cat fails to deceive the mice [K815.13, cf. K815.7]. Cf. Types 20D*, 165.","Documented in the Indian Jtaka (nos. 128, 129). Early European literary source, see Odo of Cheriton, Fabulae (No. 15).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,115,The Hungry Fox Waits in Vain for the scrotum of the ram to fall off [J2066,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 No. 11.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 102, 103; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming), No. 1.2.1.25; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Greek: Megas 1978; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1068.",1]. Cf. Type 59.,"Documented in the Indian Pa�catantra (II,6).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,116,The Bear on the Hay-Wagon,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 104�106; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lappish, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Dutch: Veldeke 26 (1951) 15f.; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.",A bear enters a horsedrawn vehicle in the forest. The horse starts and the bear is mistaken for the clergyman [J1762.2].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,117,The Bear Riding the Horse lets his claws sink into the horse's flanks,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 48, 106�108; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 117, cf. Nos. 117A, 117B; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, Nos. 27, 28; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 37, Cardigos (forthcoming).","When he is caught on a tree and the horse runs on, he is torn in two [J2187].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,118,The Lion Frightened by the Horse,EM 10 (2002) 936�937 (M. L�dicke).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 118; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 29; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 103C*; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 36, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 20f., 73ff.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 179f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 62ff.; Spanish-American: cf. Robe 1973.","An old horse meets a lion who asks him if he can press water out of a stone. The horse says no, but he can strike sparks (with his hooves) out of the stone. The lion is very impressed and he tells the wolf (bear) about the horse. The wolf boasts of having eaten many horses. The lion thereupon picks up the wolf to show him the horse and squeezes him to death by mistake. But he thinks the horse's glance killed the wolf [J2351.4]. Cf. Types 103C*, 125B*.",NA,47B.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,119B*,Horse's Defense against Wolves,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 167; Schwarzbaum 1979, 281�286; Grubm�ller 1987, No. 450; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1126.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1022, Goldberg 1998, No. J1022; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 413; Tadzhik: STF, No. 347.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) In a fight between a lion and bulls, the lion sets the bulls against each other so he can overcome them [J1022]. Cf. Type 201F*. (2) Horses protect themselves from wolves by putting their foals in the middle of a circle and turning their hindquarters toward their enemies.","Variants with lion and bulls derive from an Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 487 No. 372).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,120,The First to See the Sunrise,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 150f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 269; Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 No. 12; EM: Sonnenaufgang zuerst sehen (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 130; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 343f.; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 126f.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, 256 No. 47; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Naumann/Naumann 1923, No. 76; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 321, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1245*B; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 160ff.; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 92f.; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 29; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 187ff.; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Virsaladze 1961, No. 120.1; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 75ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; African American: Harris 1955, 477ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 329f.; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.2.120.","A fox and a hog have a contest to see who can be the first to see the sunrise. The fox places himself on a hill facing the east, the hog in a lower place facing the high trees in the west. The sun shines first on the top of the trees and the hog wins. (Sometimes with human actors.) [K52.1].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,121,Wolves Climb on Top of One Another (previously Wolves Climb on Top of One Another to Tree),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 43f., 304f., 494f.; BP II, 530 not. 3; Schwarzbaum 1979, 518 not. 16; EM: Wolfsturm (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 42, 113; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 30, 34; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Prinsessene 1967, No. 27; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 9, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 6; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Preu� 1912, 17f., Peuckert 1959, No. 241; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 73; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 567, Tauscher 1959, No. 45, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Korean: Choi 1979; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. III, 64; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 48, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 57, El-Shamy 2004.","Wolves (tigers) want to punish a man (hog) who has hurt one of them (cut off his tail, poured hot water on him). The man escapes up a tree and the wolves climb on top of one another to reach him. When the man threatens the wolves again, the lowest wolf runs away and all fall down (are killed) [J2133.6]. Cf. Type 1250.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 152A*, 157, and 1875."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122,Animal Loses his Prey because his Victim Can Escape by False Plea (previously The Wolf loses his Prey) [K550],NA,NA,"Cf. Types 6, 61, 115, 227, and 227*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122A,The Wolf (Fox) Seeks Breakfast,"BP II, 206�209; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 87; Wesselski 1925, No. 58; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, Nos. 124�128; Tubach 1969, No. 5354; Schwarzbaum 1979, 21 not. 4, 157 not. 4; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 598; EM: Wolf verliert seine Beute (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 56, 58, 114; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 31; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 122, 122A; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 122, 122A; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, No. 122; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 122; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, No. 122, Cifarelli 1993, No. 322; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 122, 122A; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K551, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 42, 44�46, 75, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 122, 122A; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 509; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 86, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 122, 122A; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f., No. 122; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 122, 122A, 122A*; Czech: Dvo�k, No. 5354; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 140, cf. No. 270; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 91A*; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *122A1; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 122; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 7; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 11 V, 13 V, Alptekin 1994, Nos. III 30ff., V 92f.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 16; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 122, 122A; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 122A; Tadzhik: STF, No. 31; Georgian: cf. Virsaladze 1961; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 179,6; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 21,3�5, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 674, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 91A*, Jason 1989, No. 122; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 29; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 122, 122A; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 122; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 3; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 122, 122A; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, No. 122, Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K550; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 122; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 122; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 179,6; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 21,3�5, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 21,3�5, 179,6, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 91A*.) A wolf (fox) threatens to eat various animals (hog, sheep, horse), but they ask for a last favor: One has to baptize his children [K551.8], a second one wants to squeal before the wolf eats him up, so that help comes [K551.3.4] (previously Type 91A*), and one wants to finish his prayer [K551.1] (cf. Type 1199). The wolf stays hungry (is killed).",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 47B, 122C, 122K*, and 1149."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122B,The Rat Persuades the Cat to Wash her Face Before Eating,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 237f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 262.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 115; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 6; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. II, No. 219; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Portuguese: Freitas 1996, 59, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 100; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Schemke 1924, 65f., Plenzat 1930, 111; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 63 (1929) 9; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 29; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 58*; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Kapeu 1964, 257; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 38; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 610, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: MacDonald 1982, No. K562; African American: Dance 1978, No. 424; East African, Congolese, South African: Klipple 1992.","A cat catches a rat (sparrow, squirrel) and is about to eat it. The rat tells the cat that no one eats a meal without having washed his mouth. The cat cleans her mouth and the victim escapes. The cat promises herself to clean her mouth only after a meal [K562].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122B*,The Squirrel Persuades the Fox to Pray before Eating,"Cf. BP II, 208; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 179.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. II, No. 218; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 158 No. 675; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *61B; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 211, Berger 2001; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 106ff.; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 17ff.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 142, 211, 284; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 43f.; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 6; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 562.",It escapes [K562.1].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122C,The Sheep Persuades the Wolf to Sing before he eats him,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 191 No. 5; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 173; Wesselski 1925, No. 58; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 128; Schwarzbaum 1964, 189; Schwarzbaum 1968, 360; Schwarzbaum 1979, 157 not. 4; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 598, 652, cf. No. 651; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 104, M. 245, M. 253, M. 266, cf. No. H. 99; EM: �berreden zum Sprechen, Singen etc. (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, No. 122; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. K561.2; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K561.2, cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 46, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 484, 509; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Haltrich/Wolff 1885, 45f., Fox 1943, 97ff., 144ff., cf. Berger 2001, No. 122C*; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 39; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 140; Rumanian: ZfVk. 9 (1899) 87 No. 32; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 7; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 87f.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 140, 142, 228; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, 258f.; Georgian: Virsaladze 1961; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *62; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 626, 627, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1991, Nos. 51, 55; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","The wolf starts to howl (play the flute), so that the dogs come and farmers beat up (chase away) the wolf [K561.2].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 440f. No. 97).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 47A, 47B, 122A, 122B*, 122K*, and 123."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122D,Caught Animal Promises Captor Better Prey (previously 'Let me Catch you Better Game'),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 116 No. 94, 199 No. 39; Schwarzbaum 1979, 92 not. 2, 153, 556 not. 12.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Pedroso 1985, No. 34, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 238, Berger 2001; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 76, 141, 225; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 1; Chinese: Ting 1978; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. K553.1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 324ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 5; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 975; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 16ff.; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 493B.","A captured hare (sheep, rooster, blackbird, fox) pretends to help a wolf (fox, lion) and promises a more desirable victim. Thus the hare escapes [K553.1]. Cf. Type 106*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122D*,To Make a Bird Tastier,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917/20) 102,1, Laogr�phia 17 (1957/58) 143,2.",A fox puts a bird into the hub of a wheel to make it tastier.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122E,Wait for the Fat Goat,"Scherf 1995 I, 107f., 187ff., II, 1412f.; Schmidt 1999.","Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1975, 21ff.; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 123*; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Kuhn 1859, 250f., Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 33, Oberfeld 1962, No. 3; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 8; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 38; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960.","Three goats (billy goats) have to pass a bridge where a troll keeps guard, or they meet a wolf who wants to eat them. He lets the two small ones pass in order to get the biggest one, who throws him into the river [K553.2].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122F,'Wait till I Am Fat Enough,"Wesselski 1925, No. 58; Schwarzbaum 1979, 261�263; EM 3 (1981) 613; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 143, 311, cf. No. 341; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 18, M. 307, M. 358.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 49; Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 129, 400; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 33, 35, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1993, No. 407; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 208, 220; Hungarian: MNK I; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 61, Sch�tz 1960, No. 6; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, 84f., Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 30, 31; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 10; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 414 No. 4; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: Doerfer 1983, No. 61; Tadzhik: STF, No. 291; Georgian: F�hnrich 1995, No. 34; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 454, 659, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, 139ff.; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, Nos. 7, 10; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: MacDonald 1982, No. K553; African American: Harris 1955, 381ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 516; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 84, Laoust 1949, No. 10, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Callaway 1868, 164.","' A captured animal (hog, sheep, dog) persuades his captor (wolf) to wait until he is fat enough to eat. Thus he escapes [K553].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 447 No. 134).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 47A, 47B, 122A, 122M*, and 1149."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122G,'Wash Me' ('Soak Me') before Eating,,"Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Merkelbach-Pinck 1940, 312, 334ff., Benzel 1962, No. 151; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 7; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 55f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 122G*; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 609, 613, 638, 639, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 117ff., Gaudes 1987, No. 20; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 6; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Peruvian: Hansen 1957, No. 122**L; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A wolf (jackal, fox) wants to eat a piglet (crabs and fish). The sow persuades the wolf that she has to wash the piglet first, and pulls the wolf into the water. (2) A turtle explains to a jackal that he has to be soaked in water in order to soften his shell. Thus he escapes [K553.5].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122H,'Wait Until I Get Dry,,"Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, Nos. 33, 34; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 611, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 19.",' A monkey is pulled from mud by a tiger who wants to eat him. He asks the tiger to be allowed to dry in sun before being eaten. Thus he escapes [K551.12].,"Early literary source in a Spanish text in the exempla collection of Odo of Cheriton (El libro de los gatos, No. 56).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122K*,The Wolf as Judge (previously Wolf Acts as Judge before Eating the Rams),"Wesselski 1925, No. 58; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 126; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 598, 648; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 245.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 117; Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, No. 122; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K579.5.1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 32, 34, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 509; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1951, 45ff., Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 16, Benzel 1962, No. 151; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Sirov�tka 1969, No. 39; Bosnian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 3; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, 71ff.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 990; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973.","A wolf meets two rams (goats) and wants to eat one of them. They ask him to settle a quarrel between them about the ownership of a meadow. The wolf will eat the loser. The animals run to the wolf from both sides of the meadow and hit him with their horns. The wolf is killed, or the animals can escape while the wolf is unconscious [K579.5.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 593ff. No. 699). Also documented in the middle of the 12th century in the Ysengrimus (II,159�688), then in the 13th century in the Roman de Renart (XX,1�94).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 4, 47A, 47B, 122A, and 122C."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122L*,Blind Wolf Keeps Guard over a Captive Ox,,Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I.,"A blinded wolf guards an ox. The ox's legs are tied together. The ox begs the wolf to free them because the bonds are too tight. Then he gives the wolf wooden sticks to hold instead of his feet, and runs away. Cf. Type 5.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122M*,The Ram Runs Straight into the Wolf's Stomach,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 161.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 126C*; Estonian: Baer 1970, 149ff., Viidalepp 1980, No. 20; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 126C*; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 3; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Behrend 1912, No. 14, Grannas 1957, No. 26, Berger 2001, 50 No. 125K*; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Hor�k 1971, 38ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 207; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 2, Eschker 1992, No. 65; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 61; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 60, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 54; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 414 No. 4; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 126C*; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 25; Chinese: Ting 1978; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 224ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 122**H; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 28.",(Including the previous Type 126C*.) A wolf wants to eat a ram. The ram asks him to open his mouth wide so that he can jump right into it. He butts the wolf with his horns and escapes.,NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 47B, 100, 122A, 122F, 122N*, and 130."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122N*,The Donkey Persuades the Wolf to Ride on his Back to the village,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 191 No. 6; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 120; Schwarzbaum 1968, 28; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 124; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 249.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 325; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 485; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Hungarian: MNK I; Bosnian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 3; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 32; Rumanian: Dima 1944, No. 1; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 414 No. 4; Tadzhik: STF, No. 115, cf. Nos. 354, 362; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A wolf wants to eat a donkey, but the donkey persuades him that the villagers want the wolf as their mayor. The wolf rides on the back of the donkey to the village, and the villagers beat the wolf with sticks.",NA,"47B, 122M*."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,122Z,Other Tricks to Escape Being Eaten,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 288 No. 172.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 87B*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 69**, 122R, 168B; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 92, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 40�44, 46, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. *122F, 122R; German: Berger 2001; Greek: Megas 1978; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 87B*; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Jordanian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *122F; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 608, 612, 629, 690, 697, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 122**F, 122**G, 122**I; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan: Hansen 1957, No. 122**E; Peruvian: Hansen 1957, No. 122**K; Paraguayan: Hansen 1957, No. 122**M; Egyptian, Tunisian, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 660, 660A, 2260.","(Including the previous Types 69** and 87B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales about other tricks of animals to escape being eaten by the wolf (fox, etc. ).",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,123,The Wolf and the Kids,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 277f.; BP I, 37�42; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 62; Schwarzbaum 1964, 189; Tubach 1969, No. 2309; Soriano 1970; Belmont 1973, 70�78, 82f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxxiv No. 36, 119�122; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 650; Eberhard 1989; Scherf 1995 II, 928�930, 1073�1075, 1413�1416; Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996 II, 27�30; Dekker et al. 1997, 421�424; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 184, not-H. 121; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wolf und Gei�lein (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 118; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, 322; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 2; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 330; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J144; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff.; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J144, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Fontinha 1997, 27f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Schippers 1995, No. 488; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 239, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 5, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2888*, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 39; Slovene: Vede 2 (1849) 198; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 50; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 123,2; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 8; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 18; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 82; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 47, 212, 412; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 22, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 3, El-Shamy 2004; Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 148, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 100; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 439; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Baer 1980, 90ff.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 9; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 197 No. 1; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 16; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 25, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4024, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 3858, 3952; Congolese: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Klipple 1992.","A wolf comes while a mother goat is away, hoping to eat her kids (kid). When they do not open the door, the wolf changes his voice [K1832, K311.3] and colors his paws with flour [K1839.1]. The children believe that it is their mother and they open the door. The wolf eats the kids (all except one). The youngest kid hides in a clock. The mother returns and takes revenge on the wolf. She finds him asleep, cuts her children out of his belly [F913], and fills it with stones [Q426]. Or, she challenges him to a fight, which she wins. Or, she invites him to her house where he falls into a pit of hot coals. Cf. Types 333, 705B, 2028. In older variants the kid obeys his mother and does not open the door [J144].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 529 No. 572), then documented in the 12th century by Marie de France, �sope (No. 89) and ca. 1350 by Ulrich Boner, Edelstein (No. 33).","4, 34, and 122C, esp. 212, 333."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,123A,The Fox Buys a Foal and Leaves it at Home,,"Hungarian: MNK I; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 50; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 2; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Virsaladze 1961.",A fox cheats some herdsmen out of a foal which he raises. One day when the fox is not at home a wolf changes his voice. The foal lets the wolf into the house and is eaten. The fox takes revenge on the wolf. Cf. Type 123.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,123B,Wolf in Sheep's Clothing Gains Admission to the Fold,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 189; Tubach 1969, No. 2174; Schwarzbaum 1979, 223 not. 13; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 642; Lieb 1996, 61�65; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 361, not-H. 188; EM: Wolf im Schafspelz (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 321, 375; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 503; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 234, Tomkowiak 1993, 232; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 383; Bulgarian: Ognjanowa 1987, No. 40; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 123C*; Chinese: Ting 1978; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","This miscellaneous type consists of various tales, in which a wolf (fox) disguises himself as a sheep (occasionally a shepherd) in order to join the herd and eat the sheep [K828.1, K934]. Either he succeeds, or he is discovered and beaten (killed). Cf. Types 37, 214B.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 513 No. 451). Documented in the Middle Ages by Odo of Cheriton, Liber parabolarum (No. 51). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,124,Blowing the House In [Z81],"BP I, 40f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 188; JAFL 46 (1933) 78; Scherf 1995 I, 221f., 476�480; EM: Wolf im Schornstein (in prep.).","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Ten�ze/Delarue 2000; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 5; Walloon: Legros 1962, No. 124; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 124, 124A*; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 124B*; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 9; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 124A*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 8 III; Georgian: cf. Virsaladze 1961; Palestinian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. III, 15ff.; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Harris 1955, 145ff., JAFL 34 (1921) 17f., 35 (1922) 267ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Jahn 1970, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 124A*.) A goose builds a house of feathers, a hog one of stone. A wolf (bear) blows the goose's house down and eats her. He cannot blow down the hog's house. He tries to lure the hog but the hog outwits him: e.g. the wolf suggests they steal apples together (go to the market) but the hog goes earlier so that the wolf cannot eat him. Finally the wolf tries to get into the house through the chimney. He is burned or scalded with boiling water [J2133.7, cf. K891.1.]. Cf. Type 43. Or, three pigs build one house of straw, one of sticks, and one of iron. The wolf destroys the first two houses and eats the pigs but the third pig is able to outwit him. (Previously Type 124A*.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,125,The Wolf Flees from the Wolf-head,"BP I, 254f.; Schwarzbaum 1964, 189; Schwarzbaum 1979, 199 not. 8; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 503; EM 7 (1993) 1253�1258 (G. Dicke); Scherf 1995 I, 333�336.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 119; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Skattegraveren 12 (1889) 219f. No. 803; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 58; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 161ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 60, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorfer 1974, No. 54; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 11 (3�4); Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 18; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 46; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 21; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 4, cf. No. 9; Tadzhik: STF, No. 74, cf. No. 108; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, 261f.; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 203, Heissig 1963, No. 17,1, cf. No. 17,2; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 16; Indian: cf. Tauscher 1959, No. 3; Chinese: Reichl 1986, No. 41; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 28; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 387, Klipple 1992; Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 438.","Domestic animals (sheep, donkey) find a sack and the head (bones) of a dangerous animal (wolf, tiger). They meet another wolf and make him believe that they have killed one of his kind. The wolf flees in terror [K1715.3]. Cf. Types 126, 1149.","Documented in the middle of the 12th century in the Ysengrimus (IV, V,1�810).","3, esp. 130."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,125B*,Contest between Donkey and Lion (previously Ass Overawes Lion),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 335f.","Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 125B*�125D*; MNK I, No. 118A*, D�m�t�r 2001, 289; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 46; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 41, cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 183; Tadzhik: STF, No. 157; Chinese: Ting 1978.","(Including the previous Types 125C* and 125D*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A donkey brags to a lion about his abilities and is challenged to press water out of a piece of wood (offers to beat water from the ground with his hoof). When the donkey urinates from the effort, the lion takes him for the stronger animal. Cf. Type 118. (2) A lion pulls down the top of a tree and challenges a donkey to do the same thing. The donkey is thrown into a bush where he falls on a rabbit and kills it. After that the donkey boasts about his abilities (previously Type 125C*). Cf. Type 1051 (with human actors). (3) A donkey impresses a lion by catching a fish in his ear while he takes a bath in the river (previously Type 125D*). Cf. Type 103C*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,126,The Sheep Chases the Wolf,"Cf. BP I, 160 not.1; Krappe 1930; cf. Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 134; Schwarzbaum 1964, 189; Jamieson 1969; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 503, 585; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 97; Schmidt 1999; EM: Schaf verjagt den Wolf (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 120; Estonian: Kippar 1986; French: cf. Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 58, 130; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 249, 250; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 348; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. I, No. 45; Byelorussian: SUS; Ossetian: Dirr 1920, No. 44, Christensen 1921, No. 12; Abkhaz: Dirr 1920, No. 42, �akryl 1975, No. 1; Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 17ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 174, cf. Nos. 100, 108; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 10, 58, cf. No. 53; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 181; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 11, 54; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 1; African American: Harris 1955, 149ff., 328ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. K1715; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 317, 320, 322; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 557, 559; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1785; Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1980, No. 51; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 515, Klipple 1992.",A wolf (tiger) wants to eat a sheep (goat). The sheep pretends to eat wolves and chases the wolf away [K1715]. Cf. Type 1149.,NA,"78, 125, 126A*, 130, and 1149."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,126A*,The Frightened Wolves,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 160f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 119; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Bulgarian: cf. Haralampieff/Frolec 1971, No. 2; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Dirr 1920, No. 44, Christensen 1921, No. 12; Abkhaz: Dirr 1920, No. 42; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Reichl 1978, 16ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","A he-goat, a cat and a ram run away from their owners. When they meet some wolves and a bear, they take refuge in a tree. While they are in the tree, the wolves threaten to eat them. The he-goat falls in fright on a wolf and injures him with his horns. The wolves run away. Cf. Type 130, 1154.",NA,"126, 130 B."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,127A*,The Wolf Induces the Goat to Come down from a Cliff and Devours it,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 172; Schwarzbaum 1964, 189f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 306�308; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 386; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 162, M. 219.","English: Emerson 1894, 51; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 303; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K2061.4; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 53, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 206; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 223; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 85f.; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, Nos. 444, 921.","In some variants the goat refuses to come [K815, K2061.4]. Cf. Type 242.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 451 No. 157).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,127B*,The Goat Eats in the Garden and Is Caught,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 190.","Spanish, Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Greek: Megas 1978.","The fox says, 'If your sense were as long as your beard, you would have looked for an exit as well as an entrance.' [J2136.3].",NA,31.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,129,Two Sheep Kill a Fox who licked up the blood they spilled in a fight [J624,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 87 No. 22; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 194.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J624.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J624.1.",1].,Documented in the Arabian version of Kalila and Dimna.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,129A*,Sheep Licks her New-born Lamb,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 587; Schwarzbaum 1979, 108; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 596, cf. Nos. 182, 603; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. not.-H. 194.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 441; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I","When a wolf watches this he says, 'This is not fair. If I were to do that they would say I was eating it.' [J1909.5]. Cf. Type 1837*.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 457 No. 190).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,130,The Animals in Night Quarters,"Aarne 1913; BP I, 237�259; Krohn 1931a, 31�37; Schwarzbaum 1964, 190; Schwarzbaum 1968, 460; Cammann 1975; Schwarzbaum 1979, 197; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 336; Richter 1990; Uther 1993b; Uther 1993c; Scherf 1995 I, 121�125; Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996, 44�47; Dekker et al. 1997, 69�74; Schmidt 1999; EM: Tiere auf Wanderschaft (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 211ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 32, 124(5); Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 104; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973f., Lox 1999a, No. 1; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. XI, No. 2S3581, Tomkowiak 1993, 239f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 27, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 51; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 60; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 208; Slovene: Kuret 1954, 19, Bolhar 1974, 111ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 2; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 16; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 10; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukraininan: SUS, Nos. 130, 130***; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 11, Alptekin 1994, Nos. III 58, V 90; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 24, 74, 108, 174, 399, cf. No. 354; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 34, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 3, Eberhard 1941, Nos. 2, 7; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 144; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 152; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: cf. Flowers 1953; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 141; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 187 No. 1; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993 II/III, 200ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Klipple 1992.","(Bremen Town Musicians.) Donkey, dog, cat and rooster are ill-treated by their owners because they are too old to work. They run away [B296] and find a lonely house in the forest [N776]. Thieves come and begin to divide their money. The four animals climb on one another's backs and cry all at once [K335.1.4]. The thieves (robbers) are frightened and run away, leaving the money there. When the thieves try to come back the animals hide in various parts of the house and attack them with their characteristic powers [K1161]. The four animals drive the thieves away and live happily ever after. Cf. Type 210.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 41, 103, 125, 126A*, 210, and 2021."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,130A,Animals Build Themselves a House,"EM 6 (1990) 604�607 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Scherf 1995 I, 333�336.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 120�122; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 130A, cf. No. 130E; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 11; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 6; Russian: SUS, Nos. 130*, 130**; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 4; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 10; Moroccan, Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004.","Domestic animals (ox, rooster, ram, pig) escape from their owner and want to build a house. In some variants only one of them builds a house for the winter and the others think they do not need one. The animal with the house nevertheless must give them shelter. Cf. Types 43, 80, and 81.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,130B,Fleeing Animals Threatened with Death (previously Animals in Flight after Threatened Death),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 123, 124; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 7, III, No. 12; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1929, No. 10; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 6; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Jason 1965; Ukrainian: Ver�inin 1962, 252ff.; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 13; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 10.","Domestic animals (goat, ram, cat, donkey, dog, rooster) flee from their home. In the night a pack of wolves wants to eat them, but they defend themselves successfully. Cf. Types 130.",NA,126A*.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,130C,Animals in Company of a Man,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 125�127; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 4; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Greek: Megas 1978; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1931, No. 150.","Donkey, goat, dog and cat look for a new home. They find an old woman (man) and promise to work for her. In some variants they cheat the old person, and in other variants they help her.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,130D*,Animals Warm Themselves,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","Domestic animals flee because they are treated badly. To start a fire, the cat advises the goat to wind some birch bark around his head like horns and to have a fight with the ram. The bark begins to burn. A bear warms himself at the fire. When they are attacked by wolves, they defend themselves successfully.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,131,The Tiger as False Friend to the Cow,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 190.","Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 131A*, 131B*; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 67; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 29; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 1; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A tiger and a cow become friends and both bear offspring. The tiger drinks water downstream from the cow, decides her flesh would be sweet, and kills and devours her. The calf flees. The cub of the tiger is ashamed of its mother and accompanies the calf on adventures [J427]. Cf. Type 59*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,132,"The Goat Admires his Horns in the Water, and says to himself that he does not have to fear the wolf","Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 119; Schwarzbaum 1964, 190; Schwarzbaum 1979, 307 not. 3, 378 not. 12; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 605, cf. No. 64; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 190, cf. S. 146; EM: Tiere: Die eitlen T. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 128; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 327; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 75, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 483; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 132, cf. No. 79**; Russian: MacDonald 1982, No. K1775; Gypsy: cf. MNK X 1, No. 79**; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 246**A.","The wolf stands behind him and asks what he was saying. The goat answers, 'Nothing ' people who have drunk too much say foolish things.' [K1775]. Cf. Type 111A*.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 588f. No. 695).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,133*,The Goat Carries the Snake over a Stream,"Liebrecht 1879, 123; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 117 No. 95; Basset 1924ff. III, 327 No. 197; Tubach 1969, No. 1326; Schwarzbaum 1979, 8f. not. 15.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K952.1; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 275*F; Hungarian: MNK I; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 5; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 109f.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 43; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 1140; North American Indian: MacDonald 1982, No. K952.1: Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A goat (turtle, fox) carries a snake (scorpion, crocodile) over a river. When they have crossed it, the snake kills the goat: Nature always asserts itself [U124]. In some variants the goat kills the snake [K952.1]. Cf. Types 155, 279*.","Documented e.g. in Turk and Persian versions of Kalila and Dimna, in the Indian Pa�catantra and by Odo of Cheriton, Liber parabolarum (No. 18).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,135*,The Mouse Makes a Boat of a Bread-crust,,"Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 7; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 80, Cardigos (forthcoming); Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.",She takes other animals and birds into the boat and it capsizes. The animals quarrel [B295.1].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,135A*,The Fox Stumbles over a Violin,,"Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, No. 41; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 95, Cardigos (forthcoming); Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 88; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. *135A, Chertudi 1960f. II, No. 19.","When he is chased by dogs, a fox stumbles over a violin and says, 'What a fine opportunity to dance if I had the time!' [J864.1].",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,136,The Wolf Surprises the Pig in an Apple Tree,,"French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Walloon: Legros 1962; Palestinian, Persian Gulf, Qatar, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 162; North American Indian: JAFL 15 (1902) 63ff.; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A wolf sees a pig in an apple tree. He promises not to eat the pig if the pig will throw him one his hams. The pig throws down a piece of thorny wood instead, which cuts the wolf's throat [K1043]. Cf. Type 74C*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,136A*,Confession of Animals,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, Nos. 10, 15; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 14; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Fadel 1979, No. 1, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 8; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 51, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan, Sudanese, Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004.","A cat says she will confess her sins. Other animals (hare, wolf, fox) want to do the same and accompany her. At a ditch the cat says, 'He who can cross it safely shall be without sin.' [M114].Only the cat crosses the ditch; the other animals fall in and the cat laughs at them.",NA,20A.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Domestic Animals 100-149,NA,137,The Filthy Hog and the Clean Fish,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 190; Schwarzbaum 1979, 273.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 222; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 255*; Ukrainian: SUS.","A fish laughs at a hog because it is so filthy. The hog says to the fish, 'People will spit when they eat you, whereas in my case all will lick their fingers.' Cf. Type 283D*.","Aesopic fable of Babrios (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 217).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,150,The Three Teachings of the Bird (previously Advice of the Fox),"Paris 1903b, 225�291; Tyroller 1912; BP III, 230�233; Cock 1919, 51�75; Basset 1924ff. II, 269 No. 39; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 380; HDM 1 (1930�33) 95; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 187; Schwarzbaum 1964, 190; Tubach 1969, No. 322, cf. No. 2233; Schwarzbaum 1979, 47, 457 not. 10, 548 not. 15; Schwarzbaum 1980, 274; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 570, 643; Wolfgang 1990; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 369; EM 8 (1996) 883�889 (U. Marzolph); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 414.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 129, 131; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 33; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian: cf. M�giste 1959, No. 193; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 119f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Nos. 150, 150*, Cifarelli 1993, No. 284; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, Nos. J21.12, J21.13, J21.14; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. J21.12, J21.13, J21.14, K604, cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 426; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Knoop 1909, No. 72; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Tille 1929 ff. II 2, 424, Dvo�k 1978, No. 322; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 57; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 55; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. III, No. 162; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 152; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 76; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 17; Tadzhik: STF, No. 122; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 720, cf. No. 721, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 45; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 231; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 58; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 38, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","In return for his freedom, a bird (fox) gives a man three pieces of advice: first, 'never try to reach the unattainable' [J21.14], second 'Do not regret a thing that is past' [J21.12], and third, 'Never believe what is beyond belief' [J21.13]. The bird tells him a lie. The man regrets having freed the bird, and the bird says that the man learned nothing from the advice [K604]. In some (parodistic) variants a fox promises three pieces of advice to a ferryman. As they cross the river the fox offers two trivial aphorisms. When they reach the bank, the fox, as the third piece of advice, tells the ferryman that he will never get rich if he transports everyone so cheaply.","Aesopic fable (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 53). Also documented in Barlaam and Josaphat.",154.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,150A*,The Frog's Counsels,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 49, 493f.; Kippar 1973f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 130; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 278C*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 150; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K604.","(Including the previous Type 278C*.) A farmer agrees to take in a frog for the winter, and in return it gives him three trite counsels [K604]. The frog is beaten and therefore becomes hunchbacked [A2356.2.1]. (Previously Type 278C*.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,151,A Man Teaches a Wild Animal to Play the Fiddle (previously The Man Teaches Bears to Play the Fiddle),"BP I, 68f.; Schwarzbaum 1964, 190; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; EM 3 (1981) 1261�1271 (H. Breitkreuz).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 132; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 61, 128a(1), II, No. 285(1); Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Wunderblume 1958, 94ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 246; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 58, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 479; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 8, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: cf. Keller 1963, 215ff.; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 209; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 16 (1882) 14f.; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 19; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 4.","A wild animal (bear, wolf) sees a man playing the fiddle in the forest, or a man is locked up with a dangerous animal (lion, tiger, wolf). He plays on his fiddle for the animal, who asks to learn how to play the instrument. The man says he must cut his claws and catches the animal's paws in a cleft tree [K1111.0.1]. Similarly the man tricks other animals. After the animals get free, they try in vain to take revenge. Cf. Types 38, 168, and 1159.",NA,"326, 1910."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,151*,The Lion in Love,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 59, 454; Schwarzbaum 1979, ix; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 378.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 309; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 44.","A lion in love asks to marry the daughter of a farmer, who tells him he must give up his teeth and his claws. He allows them to be cut, but then he is helpless against the farmer's abuse [J642.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 448 No. 140).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,152,The Plowman and the Animals (previously The Man Paints the Bear),"Anderson 1963, 93; EM: Sch�nheitskur (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 133; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 152B*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Djurklou 1883, 129ff.; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 490; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 322; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 152B*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 13f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: cf. Nedo 1956, 87f.; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 152B*; South American Indian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 41.","(Including the previous Type 152B*.) A plowman punishes animals that disturb him in his work. He burns a bear (wolf) with red-hot iron [K1013.3], tears off the legs of a crow (magpie) and pricks a gadfly with a blade of grass. Cf. Types 8, 153. The animals then watch the man with his girlfriend and interpret his behavior accordingly. The bear says: 'He is drawing a pattern on her sides.' The crow says, 'He is twisting her leg.' The gadfly says, 'He is sticking a stalk of grass into her backside.' [J2211]. (Previously Type 152B*.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,152A*,The Wife Scalds the Wolf,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, No. 121; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 9, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Legros 1962, 95; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 21, Grannas 1957, No. 24; Syrian, Jordanian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 48, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 48, El-Shamy 2004.","At a signal from her husband, a wife scalds a wolf with boiling water. The next day, the man is attacked by the wolf. He escapes by shouting, 'Pour, Catherine!' The wolf flees.",NA,121.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,153,The Gelding of the Bear and the Fetching of Salve,"Wehse 1979, 148f. No. 409; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 41; EM: Starkmachen (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 134�136; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 35, 36; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 153, cf. No. 162B; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 11; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1892ff. I, 441; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Satke 1958, No. 35; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. 152C**; Polish: Hoffmann 1973; Ukrainian: Hoffmann 1973, SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **169.","A man tells a bear that the horse is strong because it is gelded. The bear has the man geld him to make him strong [K1012.1]. The next day the bear wants to geld the man. The man substitutes his wife [K241] to pretend they have been already castrated. The bear is shocked by the 'wound' of the woman and goes for salve. A fox guards the woman, but she drives him away with her farts. Cf. Type 1133.",Documented in the Indian Kathsaritsgara.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,154,The Fox and His Members (previously 'Bear-food'),"Krohn 1891, 11f.; BP I, 518 not. 1; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 190; Schwarzbaum 1968, 360; Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 not. 14, 456, 551; EM 5 (1987) 489�494 (I. Tomkowiak); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 131, 137�139; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 36; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 1; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 342; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 99, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 56; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 79*; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 30, Berger 2001, 49f.; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. X, No. 8; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 54*, 154, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 272, II, Nos. 481, 547; Slovene: Brinar 1904, 15f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, Nos. 47, 53; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 5, 39, 40, 48; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 21; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 17, 44, 320; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Druze: Falah/Shenhar 1978, No. 24; Laotian: Lindell et al. 1977ff. I, 39ff., II, 50ff., cf. III, 23ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 129, Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 5; Argentine, Chilean: Hansen 1957; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 154, 154A�; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 154A�; Guinean: Klipple 1992; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. I, 58ff.; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2751B, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 154, 154A�; Somalian: Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Type 160B*.) A man in anger calls his horse 'bear-food'. A bear comes and threatens to eat the horse [C25]. A fox agrees to help the man against the bear in return for geese. The fox goes into the forest and imitates the barking of dogs. The bear is intimidated and killed. The man pretends to go for the geese but instead brings dogs back in his bag [K235]. The dogs chase the fox to his hole. Here the fox asks his feet, eyes, ears, and tail how they helped him in his flight. His tail admits that it did not help. As a punishment the fox sticks out his tail and is attacked by dogs [J2351.1]. In some variants a hare asks his members about their help in his flight [U242.1]. (Previously Type 160B*.)","Early version in Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 23). Also documented ca. 1200 in the Roman de Renart (IX,1�2212). Often manifested in single episodes, esp. the last one.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1, 5, 6, 20, 20A, 34, 155, 223, and 1030."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,155,The Ungrateful Snake Returned to Captivity,"Krohn 1891, 38�60; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 119 No. 5, 120 No. 109, VI, 197f. No. 370, VIII, 120 No. 104, IX, 18 No. 4; BP II, 240; McKenzie 1904; Basset 1924ff. III, 556 No. 340; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 745; Draak 1946; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, Nos. 43, 117; Schwarzbaum 1968, 113 not. 35; Tubach 1969, Nos. 4254, 4256, 4262; Spies 1973b, 177�180; Br�mond 1975; Schwarzbaum 1979, 517 not. 15; Schwarzbaum 1980, 274; MacDonald 1982, J1172.3; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 512, cf. No. 431; Goldberg 1996a; Lieb 1996, 49�53, 198�204; Dekker et al. 1997, 266�272; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 199, M. 289; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 47; EM: Undank ist der Welt Lohn (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 140, 141; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 37; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Iclandic: Boberg 1966, No. J1172.3; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, Cifarelli 1993, No. 180, cf. No. 249; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, Nos. J1172.3, W154.2.1; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. J1172.3, W154.2.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 65�67, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, Nos. 79, 239; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 208; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 126, Tomkowiak 1993, 228, cf. 226, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 239, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4254; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 272, 284, II, Nos. 481, 547; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 194ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 58; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 4; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 155, cf. No. *155*; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 155, cf. No. 155*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 48; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 22; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 18, 68; Tadzhik: STF, No. 376; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 155, cf. No. 155A; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 12; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 209ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 1150, 1153, 2255, cf. Nos. 303, 1151, Tauscher 1959, No. 170, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 10, 91; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 109; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 106ff., 127ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 5; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 11; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Harris 1955, 315ff., Dorson 1956, No. 161; Mexican, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan, Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Peruvian: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 345; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 193; Argentine, Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 246, El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1172.3.2; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 43, El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1172.3.2; West African, Guinean: Klipple 1992; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 634; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 2751B, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 43; Somalian: Klipple 1992; Central African: cf. Lambrecht 1967, No. 2751C; Congolese: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 590, Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.01, 4.155.","A man rescues a snake (wolf, bear, tiger) from a trap. In return the snake seeks to kill the rescuer [W154.2.1]. Other animals are asked if a good deed should be repayed with a bad one. The fox, as judge, asks the snake to show how it was trapped. The snake is tricked into captivity [J1172.3]. Cf. Types 331, 926A. In some variants a man warms a cold snake. The ungrateful snake bites the man and he dies.","Documented in the 12the century by Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 5). Parts are Aesopic (Perry 1965, 558ff. No. 640, 560f. 640a).","esp. 154, 331."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,156,Androcles and the Lion (previously Thorn Removed from Lion's Paw [Androcles and the Lion]),"Barst 1911; BP III, 1 not. 2; Brodeur 1922; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 74; Schwarzbaum 1964, 190f.; Tubach 1969, No. 215, cf. No. 2771; Schneider 1970; EM 1 (1977) 501�508 (K. Ranke); Schwarzbaum 1979, 53, 56 not. 8; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 387; Dekker et al. 1997, 43�45; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 227, not-H. 199; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 142, 143; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 38; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 156, 156A*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 156, 156A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming), No. 1.1.2.9; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: cf. Hodne 1984, 52; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 302; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. B183; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. B381; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 207, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 479; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 223f., Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Rapallo 1982f.; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 215; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 128f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 504; Slovene: Kotnik 1924f. I, 85; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 6; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 173f., Vrainovski 1977, No. 40; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 37; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 3ff., cf. 177ff.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 266ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1107; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, No. 28; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 170ff., Gaudes 1987, No. 35; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Tunisian: Stumme 1900, No. 15; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992, No. 74*; Somalian: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1690.","(Including the previous Type 156A*.) A shepherd pulls a thorn out of a lion's paw. When the shepherd is thrown as a punishment into a pit of lions, the lion recognizes him and licks his hand instead of tearing him to pieces. The emperor releases both [B381]. Or, a bone is removed from an animal's (wolf, tiger, bear) throat, and later the animal shows gratitude to the rescuer [B382]. (Previously Type 156A*.) Cf. Type 76.","Documented by Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae (V,14).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,156A,The Faith of the Lion,"Cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 649; Tubach 1969, No. 3957; Graus 1975, 354�367; Gerndt 1980; EM 8 (1996) 1234�1239 (H. Gerndt); Dekker et al. 1997, 43�45.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 144; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. B301.8; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 17 No. 74, Schippers 1995, No. 208, Kooi 2003, No. 28; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 526; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 109ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 5, II, No. 370; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","A man rescues a lion (often from a struggle with a dragon) and out of gratitude it follows the man for his whole life, even to his grave [B301.8].",Medieval legend of Henry the Lion.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,156B*,The Grateful Snake (previously Woman as Snake's Midwife),,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 738*, Loorits 1959, No. 140, Kippar 1986, No. 156B*; Latvian: Ar js/Medne 1977, Nos. 156B*, 738*, Kerbelyt 2001; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, No. 86; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 56�58, 66, 80, 132, 169, 175, 215; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 738*, Jason 1975, No. 738*, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a, No. 738*; Lebanese: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 57; Palestinian, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 738*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a person (man, woman) who helps a snake (e.g. in a battle or to give birth). The snake rewards the person (with gold or money). Cf. Types 285A, 476*, 476**.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,156C*,The Boy and the Bear in Pit,"EM 11,2 (2004) 608�618 (L. Lieb).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Byelorussian: Barag 1966, No. 95; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 29.","A boy falls into a pit on top of a bear, and helps him to get out of the pit. The bear helps the boy and shows him where to find money. Cf. Types 160, 168.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,157,Animals Learn to Fear Men (previously Learning to Fear Men),"BP II, 96�100, cf. IV, 341 No. 93; Dorson 1954; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 166; Schwarzbaum 1968, 361; Schwarzbaum 1979, 93 not. 18, 460f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 323, 380, cf. No. 396; EM 5 (1987) 576�584 (C. Lindahl); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 43, 146�148, 153; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 39, II, No. 214; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J17; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 3; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 223, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 72, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4865*; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 203ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *157*; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 12; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 13; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 48, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 31, cf. No. 1; Georgian: Levin 1978, No. 39; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 152, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 439; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 7, Harris 1955, 141ff., 355ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: cf. Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 362; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 69; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; North African, Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993 II/III, 76ff.; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 646.","A wolf (lion, bear) boasts about being stronger than a man. The fox wants to convince him that men are dangerous. They see a boy, and the fox explains that he will be a man later. When they meet an old man, the fox says this was a man but is no longer one. Then they see an armed hunter. The wolf approaches, but the man shots and stabs him with a sabre. Later the wolf tells the fox he could have defeated the man if he did not spit fire and attack him with a sharp rib [J17, J32].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 484 No. 340). Documented by Hans Sachs 1551 (Der leb mit dem monthier).","38, 121, and 157A."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,157A,The Lion Searches for Man,"BP II, 99f., cf. IV, 343 No. 106; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 18, cf. No. 20; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 135; Schwarzbaum 1964, 191 nos. 157, 157A; Schwarzbaum 1979, 460, 514f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 396, cf. 380; EM 5 (1987) 576�584 (C. Lindahl); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 202, S. 169; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 44.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 149; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 246; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J22.1*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 33, 58, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 218; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 42, 43; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, Nos. 4, 5, Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 44f., cf. BFP, No. *157B; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 190, 393; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *157A; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 151, 152, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: cf. Esche 1976, 224ff., 327f.; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 11; African American: Baer 1980, 64f.; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 34; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A young lion, warned by his parents to shun man [J22.1], asks other large animals if they are man. They answer that they are only the ill-treated servants of men. He meets a man and is scornful of him, but the man tricks him into entering a cage and leaves him to starve. Or, the man tricks the lion into placing his claws in a cleft of a tree where he is trapped [K1111]. Cf. Types 38, 151.","Documented in ancient Egypt (Jason/Kempinski 1981, 23).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,157B,The Sparrow and his Sons,"BP III, 239�241; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 535; EM 5 (1987) 576�584 (C. Lindahl); Elschenbroich 1990 II, 220f.","German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 157; Iraqi: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 72D�; US-American: MacDonald 1982, No. J13; Egyptian, Moroccan: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 72D�.","A sparrow whose children were lost meets them again and asks how they survived. Three of them tell where they lived, and the sparrow praises them. The fourth lives in a church and the old sparrow admires his wise decision [J13].","Documented in 1563 in a sermon of Johannes Mathesius (Elschenbroich 1990 I, 161ff.), cf. Psalm 84,4�5.",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,157C*,Hiding from Men,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 39, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 73, Cardigos (forthcoming).","The animals want to hide themselves from men. The wild beasts hide in the forest, the birds in the air, the fish in the water. However, man catches them all with his gun, his noose and his fishing-rod.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,158,The Wild Animals on the Sleigh,EM: Tiere auf dem Schlitten (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 150; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian; Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Cammann 1973, 300ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 572; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 95ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 157ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 35; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 30; Japanese: Ikeda 1971.","Other animals ask the fox for a ride on his sleigh, which breaks. To repair it, the animals bring unsatisfactory material from the forest [B831]. When the fox goes for good material they eat the horse and build a dummy to replace it.",NA,"1, 2, and 1655."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,159,Captured Wild Animals Ransom Themselves,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 147 No. 304, VIII 148 No. 146, not. 1; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 26�43; EM 8 (1996) 1202�1205 (K. P�ge-Alder).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 151; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 40; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 95f.; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 123ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 27; Sudanese: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004.","An old couple spread pitch on a straw calf. One after another, a bear, a wolf, a fox, and a hare touch the calf and stick to it. In return for not being slaughtered, they promise to bring cows, horses, geese and cabbage. Thus the animals ransom themselves and the old people get rich [B278]. Cf. Type 175.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,159*,Quarrel over the Stag,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Basque: Webster 1877, 81; Italian: Visentini 1879, No. 37, Calvino 1956, No. 6; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Greek: Megas 1978; Egyptian: Spitta-Bey 1883, 143.","Sitting in a tree, a man hears a lion, a dog, a cat and an eagle quarreling over a dead stag (donkey). They ask the man to arbitrate [B392]. Cf. Type 554.","Documented by Straparola, Piacevoli notti (III,4).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,159A,Animals Warm Selves at Charcoal Burner's Fire,EM 8 (1996) 1202�1205 (K. P�ge-Alder).,"French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, Nos. 7, 9, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 81, Cardigos (forthcoming).","They are sent after food for dinner. Each of them brings some back, but the charcoal burner drives them away or kills them. Cf. Type 130.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,159B,Enmity of Lion and Man,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 205 No. 62, III, 66 No. 32; Schwarzbaum 1979, 135 not. 30; Armistead et al. 1982; EM 4 (1984) 982�991 (C. Lindahl).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. W185.6; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 7, Eschker 1992, No. 64; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 12; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, Nos. 40, 48, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 18; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 159 IV*; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 85; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 227, 255; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; North African, Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 19f., El-Shamy 2004.","A lion (bear) helps a man with his work. The man praises his virtues but criticizes the bad smell of his mouth. The lion forces the man to strike him on his head with an axe. After a year, the man and the lion meet again. The lion says that his wound is healed but it stills hurts, and devours the man [W185.6]. Cf. Type 285A. In some variants the man's wife complains about the lion. The lion overhears this and forces the man to wound him.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,159C,The Lion and the Statue,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 80; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 107; Schwarzbaum 1979, 303�306; Moretti 1984; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 390.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 245; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1454; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3051*.","In order to demonstrate the superiority of humans over animals, a man shows a lion a statue of a conquered lion. The lion replies that if a lion had made the statue, it would have looked different [J1454].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 479 No. 284).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,160,"Grateful Animals, Ungrateful Man [W154","Chauvin 1892ff. II, 106 No. 71, 193 No. 13; Hilka 1915; BP IV, 139f.; Wesselski 1925, 246f.; Wesselski 1931, 83; Schwarzbaum 1964, 191; Tubach 1969, No. 256; Bascom 1975, No. 50; Schwarzbaum 1979, 518 not. 15; Chesnutt 1980b; EM 3 (1981) 299�305 (M. Chesnutt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 218; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Asbj�rnsen/Moe 1866, No. 60, Kvideland 1977, 29; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 111f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. B361, Goldberg 1998, Nos. B361, W154.8; Catalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 44, Neugaard 1993, No. W154.8; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 72, Meier 1852, No. 14, Peuckert 1932, No. 22, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 125; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 256; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 3, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 41, cf. No. 44; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 65; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 7, Jason 1965, 1975, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Dagestan: Kapieva 1951, 89ff., Sorokine 1965, 181ff.; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 23; Syrian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 1120, 1122, 1123, 1125, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 27, 60; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 176, 189, Esche 1976, 31ff.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 80ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 118; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 67; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North African, Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 304, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: ZDMG 48 (1894) 394ff., El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; West African: ZfVk. 4 (1894) 65ff., Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 32, Bascom 1975, No. 50; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 213ff.; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1969, 24ff., Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 1995 I, No. B361; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 2601.","8]. A traveler saves a tiger (lion, crow), a monkey (bear), a snake, and a man (jeweler) from a pit (from a tree trunk floating in a flood). The animals give their rescuer a reward or promise to help him later. One animal gives him stolen jewels [B361]. The man also promises to reward the rescuer but later he denies it. He accuses the rescuer before the king of having stolen the jewels. The rescuer is to be punished. The snake saves him by biting the king's child and then showing the rescuer the proper remedy [B522.1, B522.2, B512]. (Cf. Type 101.) The traveler is freed and the jeweler is punished. Often the traveler is warned not to rescue the man.",Documented as a Buddhistic legend in the third century.,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,160*,A Woman Betrays a Bear (previously The Woman Betrays the Bears),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 152; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lappish: cf. Lagercrantz 1957ff. III, Nos. 18, 19, 397; German: Berger 2001, No. 160A; Slovene: �a�el/Ramov� 1936, 27f.; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 49; Jewish: Noy 1976; Chinese: Ting 1978.",A woman is attacked by a bear in the forest. The bear lays her down near a stump of a tree and starts to dig a hole. The woman ties her head-covering to the stump and slips away [K525].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,161,The Farmer Betrays the Fox by Pointing,"Krohn 1891, 61�65; K�hler/Bolte 1898f. I, 1�3; BP IV, 340 No. 75; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 645; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 96; Schwarzbaum 1964, 191; Palmeos 1968; EM 1 (1977) 1010�1014 (E. H. Rehermann); Schwarzbaum 1979, 379�382; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 621; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 22, M. 262.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, No. 25; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 132; French: Delarue/Ten�ze III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. K2315; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Schippers 1995, No. 489; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 242; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 162, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 281 No. 15, cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 373, cf. Eschker 1992, No. 62; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 154A; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 38; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 215; Jewish: Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 154; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 161B*.","A farmer hides a fox from the hunters in a basket, and promises not betray him. When the hunters come, he says, 'The fox just went over the hill,' but he points to the basket. The hunters do not see this. When the farmer asks the fox to thank him, the fox answers that he would have thanked him if gestures and words had agreed with each other [K2315].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 425 No. 22).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,161A*,The Bear with the Wooden Leg,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 163B*; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 161A*, 161A**; Ukrainian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","(Including the previous Type 163B*.) A poor old man cuts off a sleeping bear's leg with an axe. His wife cooks the leg and spins the fur into yarn. The bear makes himself a leg from linden wood. At night he comes to the house and eats the old man. Or, the bear comes to the house and sings about what was done to him, 'All the people are asleep; so are the little birds. Only one old woman is awake, and she spins my wool and boils my flesh.' (Previously Type 163B*.)",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,162,The Master Looks More Closely than the Farmhand,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 645; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 92; Schwarzbaum 1964, 191; Tubach 1969, No. 4596; Schwarzbaum 1979, 190f., 192 not. 9; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 276; EM 6 (1990) 863�866 (G. Petschel); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 113, not-H. 169.","Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, No. 4; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 84; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1032; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 136; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 123; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4596.","A stag hides from hunters in a stable, but the cows warn him that he would be more secure in the forest. The farmhand does not notice him, but the master finds him and kills him [J1032, cf. J582.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 521 No. 492). Also a proverb documented by Pliny, Naturalis historia (XXII,43).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,162A*,"The Wolf Steals and Eats One Sheep, then two, and finally the whole herd and the shepherd",,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Range 1981, No. 14; Danish: Karup 1914, 18f.; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian: SUS; Syrian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",The wolf is killed. Cf. Type 2028.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,163,The Singing Wolf,Vlius 1990; EM: Wolf: Der singende W. (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 218f.; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 10; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 10, 13; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979.","By his singing (threats or compliments) the wolf compels an old man to surrender his cattle, his children and grandchildren, and finally his wife. In the end the wolf eats the man [Z33.4.2]. Cf. Type 100.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,165,"'Fish, not Flesh' (previously The Wolf in the Company of Saints)","Cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 307; Schwarzbaum 1979, 219�223; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 600; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 248.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 165C; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 165C; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 230; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 275 No. 1, Eschker 1992, No. 60; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *165B**, cf. No. *20D**; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 165B**; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 275f.; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004.","The wolf promises to give up eating flesh. When he finds a pig in a puddle, he says, 'It's fish, not flesh,' and eats it up. Or, the wolf promises to give up killing animals and wants to be a saint. On his way to the desert he wrings the neck of a gander. He excuses himself, saying: 'He should not have hissed at a saint.' [K2055.1, cf. U236]. Cf. Types 20D*, 113B.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,165B*,The Wolf Punished by Being Married,"Kasprzyk 1963, No. 71.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1472, Hogenelst 1997 II, No. 270; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1259; German: Zender 1935, No. 109, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 172; Hungarian: B�res 1967, No. 97, Kov�cs 1988, 39f.; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, No. 118; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1368; Ukrainian: SUS.",The wolf is condemned to the most severe punishment. He is forced to get married [K583]. Cf. Type 1516*. In some variants the wolf must take two wives.,"Anecdote of the 16th/17th centuries, e.g. Johannes Hulsbusch, Sylva sermonum iucundissimorum (1568, 290), and Nicolas de Troyes (No. 71).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,166A*,The Wolf Puts his Tail through the Window of the stable and alarms the sheep,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 166A*1, cf. No. 166B*1; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, SUS; Byelorussian: SUS.",The farmer snatches at the tail and tears it off.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,166B*,The Wolf Tries to Get Horses (previously Wolf and Horses),,"Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 166B*1�166B*3; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 166B1*�166B3*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 166B3*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003.","(Including the previous Types 166B1*'166B3*.) In the night a wolf comes near the horses. He plunges into the river and then shakes near the fire to exstinguish it (previously Type 166B2*) or he wallows in the mud to splash it into the eyes of the horses (previously Type 166B3*). A sleeping driver awakes, seizes the wolf's tail and tears it off (previously Type 166B1*).",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,168,The Musician in the Wolf Trap,EM 9 (1999) 1038�1041 (G. Just).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 154; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming), No. 1.1.1.20; Danish: B�rnenes Blad 5 (1880) 33ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IX, No. 2S75b; Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 244, Berger 2001, No. 168; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 160A, 168; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 394; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 4; Slovene: Vrtec 30 (1900) 77f.; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 11; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","(Including the previous Type 160A.) A violinist falls into a wolf's hole (sometimes together with a bear). There he encounters a wolf already trapped, and saves himself by playing music [K551.3.1] until someone (sometimes the bear) helps him out of the hole. The wolf is killed [B848.1]. Cf. Types 151, 1652.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,168A,The Old Woman and the Wolf Fall into the Pit Together,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 155�157; Lappish: cf. Kohl-Larsen 1975, 184ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS169; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K735.",The old woman urges the wolf and other animals to sit still. She is rescued by a hunter who either kills the animals or saves them [K735].,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,169*,Miscellaneous Tales of Wolves and Men,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 205 No. 64, VIII, 89 No. 59.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 156*, 162*, 169A*1), 169A*5), 169B* (1�2), 169B*3), 169C*, 169D*2), 169J*, 169L*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 156*, 164A*, 165A*, 169*, 169A*�169F*, 169J*, 169L*, 169M*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 164A*, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 162*; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 169B*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Nos. 169A6*, 169C*; German: Berger 2001, Nos. 157***, 169B*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 169*, De Simone 1994, No. 42e; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 169B*2; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 162; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 169F*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 156A*; Jewish: Noy 1976, No. 157***; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 169B*; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 162*; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 157***.","(Including the previous Types 156*, 157***, 162*, 164A*, 165A*, 169A*'169F*, 169J*, and 169L*) Three main themes can be distinguished: (1) Tales of wolves that do not attack the people they meet. (2) Tales of wolves that harm or want to harm people. (3) Tales of wolves that are punished by people.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,169K*,The Man Drives with a Tub and Little Pigs,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 158; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); German: cf. Plenzat 1930, 125ff.",Wolves attack a man. He pulls a tub over himself and the little pigs. The wolves put their paws under the tub and the man splits them with a knife. Cf. Type 179B*.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,170,The Fox Eats his Fellow-lodgers,EM: Tausch: Der vorteilhafte T. (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 219; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Cammann 1967, No. 133; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 35; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 2; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 4; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 188, cf. No. 168; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. I, 26ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Razafindramiandra 1988, No. 32.","A fox who has a shoe spends the night in a house with a rooster. The fox destroys the shoe and blames the rooster, which he demands as reparation. The next night, in another house, the fox eats the rooster, and in the morning he accuses a sheep of having eaten it. He demands the sheep. In the next house he blames the ox for having eaten the sheep, etc. [K443.7]. Cf. Type 1655.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,171A*,The Bear Plays with the Boar's Young,,Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); German: Berger 2001; Ukrainian: SUS.,"A boar pursues him. The bear climbs up a tree, but the branch breaks and the bear falls down on the boar. They fight each other and the bear is killed.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,173,Human and Animal Life Spans Are Readjusted (previously Men and Animals Readjust Span of Life),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 42�45; BP III, 290�293; Wesselski 1938a; Schwarzbaum 1964, 191; Schwarzbaum 1989b; EM 8 (1996) 842�846 (A. Sch�ne); Adrados 1999ff. III, No. H. 107.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, No. 61; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. A1321, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 828; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 828; Flemish: Stalpaert/Joos 1971, 162, 188ff.; German: Jahn 1890, 42ff., Neumann 1968b, 184f., Uther 1990a, No. 62, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 176; Austrian: Depiny 1932, No. 11; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 55; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 828; Hungarian: MNK I; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 26, Eschker 1992, No. 71; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 118ff.; Greek: Megas 1978; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 828; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2462; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 828; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. 828, Noy 1976; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 45, 90; Indian: cf. Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 7; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 828; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 828.","(Including the previous Type 828.) God (Zeus) originally gives 30 years to all animals and humans. Donkey, dog and monkey refuse some of their years because of their sufferings. Man wants to have more years and takes them from the animals. Therefore in the middle of their lives people must do the hard work of a donkey, then they bark like old dogs, and at last they are foolish like monkeys [A1321]. (Previously Type 828.)","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 442 No. 105).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,175,The Tarbaby and the Rabbit,"Werner 1899; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 26�45; Espinosa 1930; Brown 1937; Espinosa 1938; Taylor 1944; Schmidt 1999; EM: Teerpuppe (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Szab� 1967, No. 23; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 21; Siberian: Sergeev 1957, 34ff.; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 169; Tadzhik: STF, No. 338; Syrian: Prym-Socin 1881, No. 42, El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, 181ff.; Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 154, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, No. 24; Chinese: Ting 1978; Malaysian: Overbeck 1975, 224ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 42; Filipino: Fansler 1965, No. 48; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 21; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 440, 444ff.; US-American: Dorson 1964, 246ff., Burrison 1989, 153f.; French-American: Fortier 1895, 98ff., Saucier 1962, Nos. 31, 33a, Ancelet 1994, Nos. 2, 3; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Folklore 30 (1919) 227�234, Harris 1955, 6ff., Dorson 1958, No. 3; Mexican, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican, Dominican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 149, 340, Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K741; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan, Colombian: Hansen 1957; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, 123ff.; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 290ff., Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 56, Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 12; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 92, III, Nos. 241, 299; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 27; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Crowley 1966, 61f.; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 30, 31, 33; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 3, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 10, Klipple 1992; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 362; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 736, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 736 (8), 737, 932, 2260; Congolese: Klipple 1992; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 517, Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.103, 3.2.175, Klipple 1992.","A cunning rabbit (hare, fox, jackal) steals fruit from a garden (field). A figure spread with tar, wax or glue is set out to trap the thief. The rabbit tries to make the tarbaby talk and finally becomes so angry that he strikes it. He sticks to the tarbaby and is captured [K741]. The rabbit is punished [K581.2] or escapes. Cf. Type 159.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 8, 34, 49A, 72, 74C*, 78A, 1310A, and 1530."
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,177,The Thief and the Tiger,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 67 No. 32; BP I, 160 not. 1; EM 3 (1981) 643�646 (W. E. Roberts).","Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 278ff.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 965, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 45; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 199; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 50; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 78; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","A tiger overhears a person saying that he fears something worse than the tiger. The word is unknown to the tiger (dripping of rain, sweet, twilight). Thinking it must be a terrible thing, the tiger hides (sometimes among sheep) and is found by a drunken man (thief) who mistakes him for his horse. He rides off on the tiger [J2132.4, cf. N691.1.2] (steals it because it seems to be a very big sheep [N392]). The tiger thinks the man must be the terrible thing he has heard about and meekly submits. In the morning the man sees his mistake and flees. Cf. Type 1692.","Documented in Indian Pa�catantra (V,10).",1640.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,178,The Faithful Animal Rashly Killed,NA,NA,"See Types 178A'178C, 916.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,178A,The Innocent Dog (previously Llewellyn and His Dog),"Clouston 1887 II, 166�186; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 100 No. 59, VIII, 66f. No. 31; BP I, 425; Basset 1924ff. II, 422 No. 140; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 257; Leach 1961, 245�247; Tubach 1969, No. 1695; Schmitt 1979; Schwarzbaum 1979, 131f.; EM 6 (1990) 1362�1368 (J.-C. Schmitt); Blackburn 1996; Schneider 1999a, 167; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 10.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 159; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Nielssen/B�dker 1951f. II, No. 64; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: MacDonald 1982, No. B331.2; English: Ehrentreich 1938, 182f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995 I, Goldberg 1998, No. B331.2; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Dutch: Burger 1995, 24ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 244; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 240; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1695; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 17; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 178A, *178C, *178D; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 520; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 44 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 25; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 4, cf. Lrincz 1979, Nos. 178B*; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 51; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, 140ff.; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 100, Tauscher 1959, No. 42, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Laotian: Lindell et al. 1977ff. IV, 94ff.; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 43; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 178C, cf. No. 178D, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Papuan: Slone 2001 II, No. 436; Australian: Seal 1995, 151ff.; US-American: Burrison 1989, 62f.; Mexican: cf. Aiken 1935, 26f.; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3506.","A dog (cat, mouse) saves his master's child from a snake. When the master sees the dog's bloody mouth, he thinks the dog has eaten the child and kills it. Later on he finds the dead snake and realizes his mistake [B331.2, B331.2.1].",Documented in the Indian Tantrkhyyika (V).,916.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,178B,The Faithful Dog as Security for a Debt,Emeneau 1941.,"Jewish: cf. Noy 1976, No. 178*C; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 4, cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 178C*; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 101, 102, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A poor man leaves his dog with a wealthy man as security for a large loan [B579.6]. The dog helps the wealthy man by retrieving stolen goods and driving off thieves. The grateful man sends the dog back to its owner with a letter saying the debt is cancelled. The owner, thinking the dog has run away, kills it [B331.2.2] before he finds the letter.",NA,916.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,178C,The Thirsty King Kills his Faithful Falcon,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 122 No. 115, V, 289 No. 173; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 10.","Jewish: Noy 1976, No. 178 (a); Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 178D*; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 51; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 178C�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *178C; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3506.",A king who is out hunting is about to drink a cup of water. His falcon (horse) knocks the cup from his hand. The enraged king kills the falcon. Then he finds out that the cup was full of poison from a snake [B331.1.1].,NA,916.
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,179,What the Bear Whispered in his Ear,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 422; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 161; Tubach 1969, No. 522; EM 1 (1977) 1207�1209 (E. Moser-Rath).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 160; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1975; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 13; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J1488; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 201, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 147, Tomkowiak 1993, 240; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 522; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5692, 5842; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 169; Ukrainian: SUS; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 179C*; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 21, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 27; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 173; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 24.","A traveler and his guide (two friends) go through a forest in which they meet a dangerous bear. The guide climbs a tree and leaves the traveler at the mercy of the bear. The traveler feigns death and the bear sniffs at him and leaves. The guide wants to know what the bear said to him. The traveler answers, 'He said, never trust a coward like you.' [J1488].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 432 No. 65).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,179*,Tales about Men and Bears (previously Men and Bear ' miscellaneous),"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 42�45.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 169D*1), 171B*1), 171B*3), 171B*6), 171C*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 171B*, 179*; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 169M*, 171B*6; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *171B1*, *171B2*, *171B3*, *171B4*; Ukrainian: SUS.",(Including the previous Type 171B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales in which the bear is generally hurt (killed).,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,179A*,The Bear Pursues the Man (previously The Bear Pursues the Man who Hides in a Bush),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 161; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 179A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming).","A bear pursues a man who hides in a bush. When the bear puts his paws around the bush, the man rips open the bear's belly.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,179A**,Man and Bear Hold Each Other Around a Tree,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 161; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 25.","A man and a bear take hold of each other around a tree and will not let go. Another man hurries home for help, but does not come back for a long time. When he comes at last, his comrade, who is holding the bear's paws, makes him to take his place and goes away. He also stays away for a long time, to take revenge for his friend's thoughtlessness.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,179B*,An Old Man Carrying a Kneading Trough,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Cammann 1973, 141ff.; Russian: SUS; Spanish-American: TFSP 17 (1941) 108, 30 (1961) 191f.","A man goes through the forest, lies down to rest, and draws a trough over himself. A hare, a wolf, a fox, and a bear come and admire the fine little table. All of them bring something to eat: a cabbage, a lamb, a goose, some honey. Then the man under the table moves, the animals run away and the man gets all their food. Cf. Type 169K*.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,180,The Rebounding Bow,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 95 No. 47; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 602; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 241.","Danish: Nielssen/B�dker 1951f. II, No. 51; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J514.2; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 59; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1260, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: Hoffmann 1965, No. 24; Japanese: cf. Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 19; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 568.",A hunter who has killed several animals is bitten by a snake. A jackal comes by and nibbles at the hunter's bowstring. He is killed when the bow rebounds [J514.2].,"Documented in the Arabian version of Kalila and Dimna and in the 13th century by Johannes von Capua (IV,5).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,181,The Man Tells the Leopard's Secret (previously The Man Tells the Tiger's Secret),,"Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 10; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 1 V; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 37ff.; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 44; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 590�593, cf. Nos. 491�493, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 11; Vietnamese: Landes 1887, No. 7; Polynesian: Beckwith 1940, 442.","A lizard and leopard (tiger) play hide and seek. The lizard fastens himself (a crab) onto the leopard's tail or coats himself with mud so that the leopard cannot grab him. A man witnesses their contest. The leopard is ashamed [J411.10] and threatens him unless he maintains silence. The man betrays the secret and the leopard carries him off. The man escapes by making a noise so that the leopard thinks that the lizard is coming [K1715.5], or by saying he has eggs from which lizards will soon hatch.",NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,182,The Helpful Animal and the Snake,,"Jewish: Jason 1965; Tadzhik: cf. STF, No. 360; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 128, 129, Thompson/Roberts 1960; West African: Nassau 1914, No. 6.","The helpful animal sees a snake bite his master. He catches a crow, who is the snake's confederate, and forces the snake to revive his master by sucking out the poison [B478, B511.1.3].",Documented in the Indian Jtaka (No. 389).,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,183*,The Hare Promises to Dance,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; German: cf. Pr�hle 1854, No. 4; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K571.1; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 7; Spanish-American: TFSP 18 (1943) 172�177, 25 (1953) 224�233.",The hare says he will dance when the gate is opened. He escapes [K571.1]. Cf. Type 226.,NA,NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,184,Half of the Money Thrown into Water,"Wesselski 1909, No. 89; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 375; Wesselski 1936b, 180�184; Tubach 1969, No. 3400; Br�ckner 1974, 245; EM 1 (1977) 141, 146 not. 70; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 141.","Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 274; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 323.",A man makes money by selling milk (wine) mixed with water. A monkey throws the man's money alternately into water and on land (ship) because the man sold half water and half milk [J1551.9].,"Early European literary sources, see Cento novelle antiche (No. 97) and Dialogus creaturarum (No. 99).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,185,The Nightcap Dealer and the Monkeys,"Anderson 1960, 63f.; EM 1 (1977) 140, 144 not. 50.","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 85f.; French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 36; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 433, Cardigos 122*R* (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 190*; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. III, No. 1Beh/28; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 122*R*; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 176A*; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 41.","A man who sells nightcaps puts one on and lies down to sleep. Some monkeys steal some of his caps and put them on. When the man wakes up and sees that the monkeys have his nightcaps, he takes his off and throws it in anger down on the ground. The monkeys copy him, so he gets his nightcaps back [B786].","Early literary version, see Hans Sachs, Der kremer mit den affen (1555).",NA
Animal Tales,Wild Animals And Humans 150-199,NA,186,The Monkey and the Nut,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 129, VII, No. 145; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 230; Tubach 1969, No. 3510; EM 1 (1977) 141f., 146 not. 56; Beyerle 1984; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 22.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J369.2; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J369.2.","A monkey throws a nut away because it has a bitter shell, and overlooks the edible kernel [J369.2].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,Unfinished Tales 2250-2299,2250,Unfinished Tales,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 269 No. 57; BP II, 210, III, 455f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 189f.; Hansen 2002, 460�462.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cosquin 1886f. II, No. 83; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Plenzat 1930, 99 No. 3, Peuckert 1932, No. 306; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 460f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 67a; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, Nos. 112, 113, 121, 123, 129, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 529; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 700; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 136; Mexican: Robe 1973.","Miscellaneous type. The narrator tells about someone who has found something, but stops just as the tale gets interesting. 'If the found object had been longer, so would my tale.' [Z12].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,Unfinished Tales 2250-2299,2251,The Rabbit's Tail,"BP III, 455f.","Finnish: SKS, No. 2250; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Scottish: cf. Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 57; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 2250; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Plenzat 1922, 175, Peuckert 1932, No. 307, Hen�en 1963b, 158; Hungarian: MNK IX; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 208; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","When he dies, the king leaves a great mountain to his three sons. They dig into it and find a big iron box with a frying pan inside it, and a little rabbit under that. The rabbit has only a stump for a tail. If his tail had been longer, so would this tale.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,Unfinished Tales 2250-2299,2260,The Golden Key,"BP II, 210, III, 455f.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Schemke 1924, 27ff., Gr�ner 1964, No. 506, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 200; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, 263 No. 3.","A boy finds a little box and keeps it. Later he finds a little key. He discovers that the key fits the lock on the box. When he opens the box, he finds a calf's tail (mouse's tail, fur) inside. If the tail had been longer, so would this tale. (Or, he opens the box but what he finds there will be told another time.)",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,Unfinished Tales 2250-2299,2271,Mock Stories for Children,,"Finnish: SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 140; French: Pelen 1994, No. 30; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 196, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Frischbier 1867, No. 368, cf. Nos. 358, 362, 365, Plenzat 1922, 179, cf. Plenzat 1930, 159 No. 3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2271, cf. No. 22711; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, 263 No. 2; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Miscellaneous type. When children annoy their parents by persistently demanding a story, the latter retaliate by telling a brief 'mock story'. For example, the parents tell about people (animals), of whom the third is named Enough (Stop). The parents ask the child what the name of the third person was. When the child answers, Enough, the parents end the tale.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,Unfinished Tales 2250-2299,2275,Trick Stories (previously I Give you the Story of the Green Pig),,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2275, cf. Nos. 2275A*, 2275B*, 2275Z*.","Miscellaneous type. The narrator asks the listeners a question and expects a particular answer. The dialog continues until the answer is given. For example, 'I'll tell you the story about the green pig Shall I' ' 'You should.' ' 'I didn't say you should. I'll tell you the story about the green pig,' etc.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,NA,2200,Catch Tales,"Hansen 2002, 75�79.","Finnish: SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1898, No. 27, Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 597; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Meyrac 1890, 411f., cf. Courri�re 1988, 30, 38ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, Nos. 156�158, 202, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 172, II, Nos. 596, 621, 689, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Zender 1984, No. 246; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 191; Jewish: Jason 1965; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 7; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baker 1986, Nos. 75�79; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 176f., Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.",Miscellaneous type. The manner of telling forces a listener to ask a particular question (to complete something that is missing). The narrator gives him a ridiculous (obscene) answer [Z13].,NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,NA,2202,Teller Is Killed in his own Tale,,"Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 235; English-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Argentine: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 57; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","The narrator relates a dramatic event that supposedly happened to himself. The listener is induced to ask a question about what happened further, to which the narrator replies that he was killed [Z13.2].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,NA,2204,The Dog's Cigar,"Anderson 1963, 97 not. 2.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: cf. Neumann 1968b, No. 240, Heckscher/Simon 1980ff. II,2, 346; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 338; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 71.","A man in a train smokes a cigar (pipe), which falls out of the train. His dog jumps out after it, and is waiting at the next station when the train arrives there. 'What do you think he had in his mouth' ' 'The cigar' ' 'No, his tongue.'",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Catch Tales 2200-2299,NA,2205,"'Come Here, Lean!' Three girls find three coins and use them to buy three pigs, named Lean, Fat, and Tail",Anderson 1938.,"Finnish: SKS; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2205A*, 2205A1*, 2205B*, 2205B1*�2205B3*.","They call their pigs: 'Come here, Lean!' ' 'I can't, I am too lean.' ' 'Come here, Fat!' ' 'I can't, I am too fat.' ' 'Come here ...' to the listener, 'What was the third one called' ' 'Tail' ' 'Lift your tail.' (another answer that depends on double-entendre).",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2030,The Old Woman and her Pig,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 116 No. 93; Erk/B�hme 1893f. III, Nos. 1743�1745, 2133; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 355�365; BP II, 100�108; Goebel 1932, 235ff.; HDM 1 (1930�33) 256�260 (F. M. Goebel), 2 (1934�40) 180�182; Armistead/Silverman 1978; EM 5 (1987) 137�141 (H.-J. Uther); Dekker et al. 1997, 272�275; Schmidt 1999; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 25f.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 2030D; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 2030B*, 2030C*; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 73; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: RTP 14 (1899) 47, 15 (1900) 220; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 2030B; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 163, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 2030A*; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Nos. 2015, 2015 (Var.), Kooi 2003, No. 109; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 2030, 2030J, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 217; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 2030, 2030C, Lox 1999a, No. 78; German: Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 72, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 265; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Barozzi 1976, 513, 522f.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2030E, cf. Nos. 2034B*, 2034C*; Slovene: Milinski 1911, 130ff., Matietov 1973, 206f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 2030C, *2030*, cf. Nos. *2034D*, *2034D**; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1962, B�rlea 1966 I, 155f.; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 59; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 214ff., 216ff., Megas 1968a, No. 29; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 2030, 2030D, 2035; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 31; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhik: STF, No. 144, cf. No. 296; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2030C; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 495, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2030, 2030C; Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2030, 2030C, 2034B; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 2030B; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 2030B, 2034E, Jason 1989, Nos. 2030, 2030A*; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 2034E; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 2030B, 2030B1; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 21; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 137�139; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 73; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 55; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, Nos. 2030A, 2030**G; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 2030, 2030**E; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 2030*B; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 2030**F; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Nassau 1914, 200, Barker/Sinclair 1917, 117; East African: Bateman 1901, 67 No. 5; Zimbabwen: Smith/Dale 1920, 392; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1290, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Types 2030A'H, 2030J, 2030A*'E*, 2034B, 2034E.) This miscellaneous type consists of various chain tales in which a person (animal) wants an animal (person, object) to do something (go home, pick pears, grow, get some beer, eat, reap grain). The animal refuses. The person threatens him by asking someone else (person, animal, object, or element: e.g. dog, stick, fire, water, butcher) for help. The request is not granted (the help is postponed until some demand can be met). Finally someone (hangman, angel of death, animal) obliges, and all the others in succession do what the person had wanted them to [Z41, Z41.3, Z41.4, Z41.4.1, Z41.4.2, Z41.7, Z41.7.1, Z41.8, Z41.9]. In a few variants, a mouse eats cheese (wheat, wick of an eternal flame). A cat condemns the mouse and eats it as punishment; a dog eats the cat for eating the mouse. Each animal, object, or element is blamed for having damaged the one before it, and is then punished [Z41.1]. (Previously Type 2030C.)","Documented in 1768 by J. S. Ulrich, Sammlung j�discher Geschichten (p. 131). Also a game for children (Johann Fischart, Spieleverzeichnis, 1575).",2015.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2031,Stronger and Strongest,"Clouston 1887 I, 309; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 97f. No. 55; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 47�56; BP I, 148, IV, 335 No. 28; HDM 2 (1934�40) 182�184; Schwarzbaum 1968, 320; Schwarzbaum 1979, 174 not. 4, 177f. not. 35; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 304, M. 305; Hansen 2001, 415�424; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 18f.; EM: St�rkste Dinge (forthcoming).","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc 1954, No. 32, Pini�s 1985, 5ff., Pelen 1994, No. 22; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 84, II, No. 312, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 17�21, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 238ff.; Flemish: cf. Meyere 1925ff. IV, No. 335; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IX, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 380; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 135ff.; Greek: cf. Kretschmer 1917, No. 44; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 24, 27; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 28ff.; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Vogul/Mansi: Gulya 1968, No. 28; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 38; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, Nos. 90, 106; Ostyak: R�dei 1968, 57f.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 25f.; Uzbek: Reichl 1978, 12f.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 390, cf. STF, No. 208; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 2031D*; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 68; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2031, 2031D�, 2031E�; Lebanese, Jordanian, Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2031E�; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 496; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 227ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: cf. Karow 1972, No. 144; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 1; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North American Indian: JAFL 25 (1912) 219; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 16; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, No. 34, Cascudo 1955a, 432f., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 92; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, Nos. 225, 226, Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 77, 78; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 100; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2031, 2031E�; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 32, El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1881ff. II, No. 20, Gankin et al. 1960, 170ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2031D�; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.3.2031.","An ant (sparrow, hare) hurts himself on some ice, which he thinks must be the strongest thing in the world. The ice says this is not true, because the sun can melt it. The sun says it is not the strongest, because a cloud can obscure it. The cloud thinks a mountain is stronger. The mountain thinks grass or a mouse is stronger, the mouse thinks the cat is stronger, etc. (also fire, water, cattle, knive, butcher) [L392, Z42]. The cat (rat, God, human) is finally the strongest, or the question remains undecided.",Documented in the 8th century in the Arabian Kalila and Dimna.,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2031A,The Esdras Chain: Stronger and Strongest,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, Nos. 6�9; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 47�56; HDM 2 (1934�40) 184; Schwarzbaum 1968, 319f.; Tubach 1969, No. 5317; Hansen 2001, 415�424; EM: St�rkste Dinge (forthcoming).","Flemish: Cock 1919, 35f.; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5317; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, No. 43; Lebanese, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 103; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","The Jewish bodyguards of the Persian king Darius discuss the question, what is the strongest thing in the world The first thinks it is the king; the second, wine; the third, a woman. But the truth is the strongest of all [Z42.1, H631.4, H631.5, H631.8, H631.9].","Documented in the apocryphal book of Esra (IV,25�63).",NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2031B,Abraham Learns to Worship God,"HDM 2 (1934�40) 184f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 50, 321; Schwarzbaum 1979, 174; EM: St�rkste Dinge (forthcoming).","French: RTP 7 (1892) 397; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 4, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 6; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 24ff., El-Shamy 2004.","At nightfall Abraham worships a star, then the moon which outshines it, and in the morning the sun. Finally he learns to pray only to God [Z42.2].","Documented in the Koran (VI,75�78).",NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2031C,The Mightiest Being as Husband for the Daughter (previously The Man Seeks the Greatest Being as a Husband for his Daughter),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 97 No. 55; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 47�56; Wesselski 1909, No. 71; Tubach 1969, No. 3428; Schwarzbaum 1979, 167�178; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 334.","Catalan: H�llen 1967, 62ff.; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 16, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 43; Hungarian: MNK IX, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 380; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 53; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1965, No. 8, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, No. 252; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, 11f.; Ossetian: Sorokine 1965, 115ff.; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 9; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 53f., cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 51, 184; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 225ff.; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 37; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 80; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 2031, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Courlander/Leslau 1950, 89ff.","A magician rescues a mouse (rat) which he transforms into a girl. Or, a childless couple wish for a child but instead have a mouse. The magician (parents) thinks the girl is the most beautiful creature in the world and wants to marry her to the mightiest husband. They ask the moon, who refuses and says the sun is brighter than he. The sun refuses because the clouds cover him. The clouds say the wind blows them. The wind says the mountain (castle) stops him. The mountain says a mouse digs inside him. The mouse is therefore the mightiest and becomes the daughter's husband [L392].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 547 No. 619).",NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2032,The Healing of the Injured Animal (previously The Cock's Whiskers),Cf. Haavio 1929f. II; HDM 2 (1934�40) 185; Wesselski 1933; EM 6 (1990) 698�702 (D. Kl�mov�).,"Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 241; Norwegian: Asbj�rnsen/Moe 1866, No. 16; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 161�166; French: RTP 15 (1900) 220, Joisten 1956, No. 26, Pelen 1994, No. 20; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 56, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 2032A; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Pfeifer 1920 I, 53ff., Jungbauer 1923b, No. 27, Fox 1943, 106f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 17; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 1; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Galkin et al. 1959, 161f., Pomerancewa 1964, No. 11; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 29, Alptekin 1994, No. VI.104; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 29; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 169; Armenian: Khatchatrianz 1946, 137ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 116; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 416ff.; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 185; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 38, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Osmanov 1958, 467ff.; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 42ff.; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 2032*; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 21; North American Indian: Cushing 1901, 411f.; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 2032.1.","(Including the previous Type 2032A.) An animal (mouse) is wounded (by another animal) and asks for help. He is told that this will happen only if he brings a particular object (fulfills some other request). The injured animal has to ask someone else for this object. This develops into a chain of demands and counter-requests, until finally someone (thing) agrees without a counter-request. The animal is treated for his injury, or else he dies before all the requests are granted [Z43]. In Spanish and Portuguese variants, a toad asks a magpie to throw something (a nut) down from a tree. The magpie is afraid its beak will break, but the toad promises to repair it. The beak breaks and the toad goes after horsehair to mend it. He is sent to fulfill other requests, until finally someone does not make a counter-request. Everyone in the chain gets what he or she wanted, and finally the toad brings the horsehair to the magpie [Z43.1.] (Previously Type 2032A.)",NA,2021.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2034,The Mouse Regains its Tail,"BP II, 107f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 185�187; Grafenauer 1960; EM 9 (1999) 437�440 (S. Wienker-Piepho); Petitat/Pahud 2003, 25.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 2032A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 512f.; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991 II, No. 300; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 82, 83, Coelho 1985, No. 13, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meier 1852, Nos. 80, 81, Spiegel 1914, No. 14, Fox 1942, No. 43; Swiss: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 8, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 540f.; Austrian: Haller 1912, 86f.; Italian: De Nino 1883f. III, No. 28, Crane 1885, No. 79; Hungarian: MNK IX; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 80; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 29; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 150, Jason 1965; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, 22ff.; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 45; Tadzhik: STF, No. 116; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1962, 135f.; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 84, Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 39, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 2032; Indian: Jason 1989; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 15; French-Canadian: Barbeau et al. 1919, No. 83, Lemieux 1974ff. XIV, No. 11; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 39�41; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, 393ff.; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 45, Basset 1897, No. 120, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4269; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A hunting cat bites off a mouse's tail. Or, a woman cuts the tail off (belly open) of a mouse (cat, rat) because it stole her milk. The mouse wants to get its tail back. The mouse asks the cat for its tail (the cobbler to sew its belly), but is told it must do something (e.g. bring milk from the goat or cow). The goat wants the mouse to give it grass, the meadow wants water, the well wants eggs, the chicken wants corn, etc. Finally someone complies and all the rest get what they want. Or, the mouse is eaten [Z41.4].",NA,295.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2034A*,The Wormwood Does Not Want to Rock the Sparrow,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Hungarian: MNK IX; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","A bird perches on a branch (blade of grass) and wants it to rock him. The plant refuses (says that there is no wind). The bird threatens to bring the goats (hares) to eat the plant; then it threatens the goat with the fox, the fox with the hunter, etc. The last in the series complies, and all the threats are carried out. The branch swings so hard that the bird (almost) falls off [Z41.7].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2034C,Lending and Repaying: Progressively Worse (Better) Bargain,Schmidt 1999.,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS2043; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 2037A*; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 27, Arimateia 2001, No. 17, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 170A, 2037A*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 572; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, No. 50; Bulgarian: BFP; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, Nos. 41, 67; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. Z47.1; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 104; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, cf. Nos. 842A, 842B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 94; Guinean, Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992, No. 2034*C; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4251, Klipple 1992, No. 2034*C; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 4464; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1292; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1292, Klipple 1992, No. 2034*C; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.3.2034C, Klipple 1992, No. 2034*C.","(Including the previous Type 2037A*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various chain tales in which a person (animal) trades something for another thing, which he trades again for something else, etc. At the end, either he has made a profit, or he has lost everything [J2081.1, Z41.5]. Cf. Type 1415.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2034F,The Clever Animal and the Fortunate Exchanges,"Cf. BP II, 201f.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, Nos. 45, 46; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 572; Armenian: cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 96; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 170*; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 170A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, 142ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 50, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A bird (fox, rabbit) asks someone to pull a thorn out of his foot. The thorn is used for a fire so the bird demands the bread that was baked in the fire. The bread is exchanged for other things (sheep, bride) which are also exchanged [Z39.9, Z47.1]. (previously Type 170A.) Cf. Type 1655.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2035,The House that Jack Built,"BP II, 108; Haavio 1929f. I, 88f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 187, 189; EM 6 (1990) 591�594 (C. Lindahl); Szumsky 1999; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 19f.","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 272, 295; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Opie/Opie 1952, No. 258; Baughman 1966; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. Z44; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Guinean, East African: Klipple 1992.","This chain tale leads step by step to the following conclusion: This is the farmer that sowed the corn, that kept the rooster that crowed in the morn, that waked the priest all shaven and shorn, that married the man all tattered and torn, that kissed the maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with a crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that caught the rat, that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built [Z44].",Documented in England in the 18th century. Not always in rhyme.,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2036,A Drop of Honey Causes Chain of Accidents,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 41f. No. 9; HDM 2 (1934�40) 187; Schwarzbaum 1968, 252; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 189.","Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 49; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: Esche 1976, 92f., MacDonald 1982, No. N381; North African, Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 494.","A hunter is about to buy some honey, but he drops it. A weasel eats the honey and is chased by a cat. The hunter's dog kills the cat, and the grocer beats the dog to death. This causes a bloody war between two villages [N381]. Cf. Type 2039.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2039,The Horseshoe Nail,"BP III, 335�337; EM 6 (1990) 1297�1299 (H.-J. Uther).","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Opie/Opie 1952, No. 370; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 276f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 184; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1989.","A merchant on his way home stays at an inn and someone tells him that one of the nails is missing from one of his horse's shoes. At the next inn the shoe has fallen off. Nevertheless, the merchant rides on. The horse becomes lame, stumbles, and breaks a leg. The merchant has to carry his goods himself and go home on foot [Z45]. In some variants the horse of a soldier loses a horse shoe, and in the end a battle and a kingdom are lost. Cf. Types 288B*, 288B**.",Popular as a proverbial phrase (�Haste makes waste�).,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2040,The Climax of Horrors,"Chauvin 1892ff. IX, 34f. No. 26; ZfVk. 7 (1897) 99 not. 5; Wesselski 1909, No. 20; cf. Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 847; HDM 2 (1934�40) 187; Schwarzbaum 1968, 334 not. 432, 479; Tubach 1969, No. 1705; Schwarzbaum 1989, 322�328; EM 6 (1990) 576�581 (U. Marzolph); Marzolph 1992 I, 186�188, II, No. 811; Schneider 1999a, 167; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 26; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 38.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: cf. Djurklou 1883, 135f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Blad� 1867, 37, Dulac 1925, 190; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 523, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 219; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 26, cf. Brednich 1991, No. 99; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 30; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 112, MNK IX; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 84, cf. Karadi 1959, No. 131; Bosnian: Eschker 1986, No. 39, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 434; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 609; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3112; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, Nos. 95, 97; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 32; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 16f.; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 127f.","A man who has been away for a long time asks an acquaintance for news from home. The acquaintance tells him that his dog (raven) is dead. The man asks why, and is told that that it ate too much horse (camel) flesh. The horse had been burned in its stall (died from exertion during a fire); the barn caught fire from the house; the fire had been started by candles in the house; the candles burned on the occasion of the death of the man's mother (wife) [Z46]. Cf. Types 1931, 2014.","Documented in the 11th century as an Arabian anecdote. Early European literary source, see Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 27). Parts of the tale in the 1st century C.E. in Plutarch (Vitae, 816f.).",NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2041,The Bird Indifferent to Pain,HDM 2 (1934�40) 188f.,"Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 60ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sudanese: Monteil 1905, 145.","A man catches a bird eating mangoes and strikes it against the roots of a mango tree. The bird says that it was not hurt. In turn, the man puts it in water, strikes it again, singes its feathers, cooks it, and eats it. The bird always says that it was not hurt. At last the bird flies out of the man's nose (and the man dies) [Z49.3].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2042,Chain of Accidents (previously Chain of Accidents: the Ant (Crab) Bite and its Consequences),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 250f.","Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 37, 63, 197; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. III, 122f.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Ghanaian: Schott 1993 II/III, 312ff., 321ff., 326ff.; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 4455, 4456; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","This miscellaneous type consists of various chain tales in which a minor incident (insect sting, snakebite) causes a series of other events leading to someone's death (loss of valuable property) [Z49.6.1, Z49.6.2, Z49.6.3]. Cf. Types 248, 2036, and 2039.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2042A*,Trial among the Animals,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 250f.","Bulgarian: Ognjanowa 1987, No. 44; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 25; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. Z49.6, Z49.6.1�Z49.6.3, Beck et al. 1987, Nos. 97, 98; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 2042C*; Filipino: Fansler 1921, 390, Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 2; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 98.","(Including the previous Types 2042B*'2042D*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various chain tales in which an animal is injured by another animal (accidentally or on purpose). The injury causes a series of accidents in which other animals are injured. At the end, a high-ranking animal (person) investigates the matter and discovers all that has happened [Z49.6].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2043,"'Where is the Warehouse' (previously A game, song, or rhyme composed of questions and answers that lead to the next question",Haavio 1929f. I; HDM 2 (1934�40) 164�191.,"Finnish: Aarne 1911, No. 2014**, SKS; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2014*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: istov 1958, 22ff.; French: cf. Pelen 1994, No. 19a; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Espinosa 1946ff. I, No. 280, III, 463ff., Espinosa 1988, Nos. 467, 468, cf. No. 469, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Italian: cf. Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 77; Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2018, 20181,2018A*, 2018A1*�2018A4*; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 70; Russian: Pomeranceva 1958, No. 1, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 545; Tungus: Suvorov 1960, 68; US-American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 2018*A.","For example, Where is the warehouse (God's house) ' The fire burned it. ' Where is the fire ' The water quenched it. ' Where is the water etc. [Z49.5]. (Previously Type 2018.)",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Other Events 2029-2075,2044,Pulling Up the Turnip,,"Finnish: SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS2037; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 48, Cammann 1967, 157 No. 21; Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2044, 2044B*; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 44; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A man attempts to pull up a turnip. He cannot do it alone, so he calls his wife to help him: she pulls on him, he pulls the turnip, but still the turnip will not come out of the ground. More people and animals are brought in to help. At the end, a long line of helpers pulls on the turnip and it comes out of the ground [Z49.9]. Cf. Type 1960D.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Eating 2025-2028,2025,The Fleeing Pancake,"D�hnhardt 1907, 133�141; D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 272�284; HDM 2 (1934�40) 179f.; Scherf 1987, 121�126; Dekker et al. 1997, 384f.; Schmidt 1999; EM 10 (2002) 849�851 (S. Wienker-Piepho); Petitat/Pahud 2003, 26.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 79; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, SKS; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 2 (1884) nos. 233, 663, 12 (1889) No. 804, Kristensen 1896, Nos. 113, 597�600, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 70; Scottish: Chambers 1870, 82ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; Catalan: Els Infants 6 (1958) 1�4; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 99; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 216; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 262, cf. No. 247, Berger 2001; Hungarian: cf. MNK IX, No. 2025A*; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 45; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 17ff.; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 157ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: cf. MNK X 1, No. 2025A*; Chuvash, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, No. 58; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 26ff.; Tadzhik: STF, No. 331, cf. No. 4; Iranian: Osmanov 1958, 459ff., cf. 249ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 30�33; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 76; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981.","A pancake (pudding, cake, cookie, cabbage strudel, round bread) jumps out of the pan (plate) and runs away from the cook (mother) who wants to eat it. The pancake runs outside and meets a series of animals (hen, rooster, duck, goose, fox, pig) or people who also want to eat it. The pancake runs away from all of them, bragging about all the others it has already escaped from. The fox (pig) induces the pancake to come close by pretending to be deaf, and gobbles it up [Z33.1]. The pig drops part of the pancake, so now all pigs root around in the mud looking for it.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving Eating 2025-2028,2028,The Devouring Animal that Was Cut Open (previously The Troll [Wolf] who was Cut Open),"HDM 2 (1934�40) 178f.; Holbek 1978; EM 5 (1987) 258�266 (M. Rumpf); Scherf 1987, 162�168; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 26.","Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 83; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 2027; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 2027; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, 77f., Skattegraveren 2 (1884) 167f., 7 (1887) 183f., 193f., 11 (1899) 187f., Kristensen 1896, Nos. 119�126, 131�141; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 54; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: cf. Briggs 1970f. A II, 347; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Fox 1942, No. 47; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2028B*, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 9; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 230, II, No. 379; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. *2027, *2028; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 2028B*; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 101f., cf. �akryl 1975, No. 2; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 13; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 196ff., Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 40, El-Shamy 2004; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. Z33.4.1, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 2027, Jason 1989, No. 2027A; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1956, 199; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 7.","(Including the previous Types 2027, 2027A, and 2028A*.) A cat (wolf, troll, mouse, giant, bear, chick, pumpkin, woman, louse) with a huge appetite drinks a great quantity of milk, then eats a lot of food and devours the family with whom he lives. He goes out and people (animals) whom he meets on the road ask him why he is so fat (where he is going, why he is out so early). The cat lists everything he has eaten and announces that he will eat this person too. He devours everything he meets, e.g. certain animals, a cowherd, a flock of birds, a driver and his team of horses, etc. [Z33.2, Z33.3, Z33.4]. At the end, the cat bursts or meets an ox (someone else) he wants to eat which splits the cat's belly open with its horn (a knife). Everything that the cat had eaten comes out alive. Cf. Types 123, 333. In some variants, a childless couple use clay to make a child who eats everything he meets.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving A Death (With Animal Actors) 2021-2024,2021,The Rooster and the Hen,"Weinhold 1897; Haavio 1929f. I, 58�63; BP I, 75�79, II, 146�140; Wesselski 1925, No. 16; Taylor 1933, 82 nos. 2021, 2021A; Wesselski 1933; HDM 2 (1934�40) 177; Wesselski 1942, No. 16; Schwarzbaum 1968, 247; EM 2 (1979) 35; Joldrichsen 1987, 45�54; Scherf 1995 I, 592�594; Dekker et al. 1997, 69�74; R�hrich 2001, 52f.; EM: Tod des H�hnchens (in prep.).","Finnish: SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 235A*, 2021A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, 2021A; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Schier 1974, No. 50; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 79, Kristensen 1896, Nos. 150�160, 162�166, Kuhre 1938, No. 15, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., Nos. 20, 47; French: Cosquin 1886f. I, No. 29; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: cf. Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 31; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 915; German: Spiegel 1914, Nos. 14a, 14b, Peuckert 1932, Nos. 15, 18, Fox 1943, No. 16, cf. Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 27, Wiepert 1964, No. 156, Neumann 1971, No. 41, Arnim/Brentano 1979 III, No. KL23b, Tomkowiak 1993, 276, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 18, II, No. 80, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 27; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 237 No. 30; Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2021, 2021A; Czech: Jech 1961, No. 4, Kl�mov� 1966, No. 99; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981b, No. 6; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 2021A; Sorbian: Nedo 1972, 314ff.; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 2021A; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 25, SUS, No. 2021A; Turkish: Alptekin 1994, No. VI.102; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Virsaladze 1961, Nos. 241IA�241III; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 496; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. Z32.1, Jason 1989, No. 2021A; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Types 235A*, 2021A.) A hen (rooster, cat, other animal, young woman) has a nut (cherry pit, a corn, etc.) stuck in her throat (dies in some other way). A rooster goes to get water for the hen to drink, but the water sends him to get red silk from a bride first. The bride sends him to get a wreath, etc. Or, the rooster asks for help from various animals (pig, cow, etc.), people (miller, baker, shoemaker, etc.), and/or objects (river, tree, etc.) [Z32.1.1]. When the rooster comes back with the water, the hen is already dead. All the animals participate in the funeral procession [Z32.1]. At the end, a flea (fly, mouse) falls and is crushed under the wagon's wheel. (Previously Type 2021A.) Cf. Type 285. The rooster buries the hen [B257] and then dies from grief. (The hen who had been choking is bumped and the nut becomes dislodged from her throat.)",NA,2032.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving A Death (With Animal Actors) 2021-2024,2021B,The Rooster Strikes Out the Hen's Eye with a Nut,"BP II, 146�149; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 82 No. 2021B; Wesselski 1933; HDM 2 (1934�40) 177; Schwarzbaum 1968, 251; EM: Tod des H�hnchens (in prep.).","Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 241*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 161, 167�170; French: Meyrac 1890, 452f.; German: Spiegel 1914, No. 14c, Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 49; Slovene: Krek 1885, 83f.; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 34, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 28; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 25, 26, 28; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Virsaladze 1961, Nos. 241IA�241III; Palestinian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 37; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 10; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A rooster throws a nut that strikes out a hen's eye. He blames the hazelnut bush, because it tore his pants. The bush blames the goat for eating its leaves. The goat blames the herdsman who did not give him good pasture; the herdsman blames his master for not giving him enough to eat, etc. [Z43.2]. Cf. Type 2032.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving A Death (With Animal Actors) 2021-2024,2022,The Death of the Little Hen,"Klemm 1897; Weinhold 1897; BP I, 293�295; Haavio 1929f. I; Anderson 1927ff. III, Nos. 68, 79; Taylor 1933, 82 nos. 2022, 2022A; Wesselski 1933; HDM 2 (1934�40) 177f.; Cobb 1957; El-Shamy 1999, No. 27; EM: Tod des H�hnchens (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 602, 171�174, Kuhre 1938, No. 15; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 522f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 574f.; French: Carnoy 1885, No. 34, Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 18, Perbosc 1954, No. 34, Massignon 1968, No. 34, Joisten 1971 II, Nos. 117, 118; Spanish: Espinosa 1946ff. I, Nos. 271�274; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 257; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, No. 2021*; German: Spiegel 1914, Nos. 14a�c, Fox 1942, No. 44, Benzel 1962, No. 145, Hen�en 1963b, No. 2, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 30; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 4b; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Ortutay 1957, No. 66, Kov�cs 1966, No. 21; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 43; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1963*; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 77; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 56, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *2021; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 30; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 2021A*, 2021A**; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2021*, 2022A; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 41, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2021*, 2022A; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2021*, 2022A; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2021*; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Schimmel 1980, No. 46; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 46; Mexican: Robe 1970, No. 142; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 70; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 492, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2021*, 2022A; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 493, El-Shamy 2004, No. 2021*; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2021*, 2022A; Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2021*, 2022A.","(Including the previous Types 2021* and 2022A.) Chain tale, game, song, or rhyme in which a small animal (chicken, flea, louse, other insect, small child, etc.) dies (falls into a cooking pot and is scalded, is burned, is drowned). Various people (girl, woman, father, etc.), animals, and objects (door, window, wagon, broom, tree, water, well, etc.) lament the death, which they announce in their characteristic manners [Z32.2, Z32.2.1]. For example, the flea weeps, the tree loses its leaves, the door squeaks, the broom sweeps, the table 'entables,' etc. (Previously Type 2022A.)","Documented 1179 in the Roman de Renart (I,398�473).",85.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving A Death (With Animal Actors) 2021-2024,2022B,"The Broken Egg (previously The Hen Lays an Egg, the Mouse Breaks it)","BP II, 105�107; Haavio 1929f. I.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Sardinian: cf. Karlinger 1973c, No. 22; Hungarian: MNK IX; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 280; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1963*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2037; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 30 III; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 53; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, No. 54; Tadzhik: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, 78, Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 45; Kalmyk: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 2022B*.","A hen lays an egg which breaks (a mouse breaks it). All the witnesses show their grief at this misfortune. For example, the hen ruffles her feathers, the rubbish begins to burn, the stairs creak, the oak falls down, the magpie sprains his leg, the ox breaks his horns, the river flows with blood, the maidservant breaks her jug, the housewife smears dough on the wall, etc. The master locks his wife up and the maidservant goes to look for people who are equally stupid, etc. [Z39.5]. Cf. Types 1384, 1450.",NA,1384.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving A Death (With Animal Actors) 2021-2024,2023,"Little Ant Marries (previously Little Ant Finds a Penny, Buys New Clothes with it, and Sits in her Doorway)","Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 82f. No. 2023; HDM 2 (1934�40) 178; Schwarzbaum 1968, 467; Schwarzbaum 1979, xli not. 35.","Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 473�482, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 298, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 69, Vasconcellos 1963 I, No. 60�64, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 2023*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 4b; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 78; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 21, Alptekin 1994, Nos. IV.78, IV.79; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 38, Jason 1975, 1988a; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 2; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 43; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 23, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2023, 2028B�; Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 3; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2023, 2028B�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Pillai-Vetschera 1989, No. 21; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *2023; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 14; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 91; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 224; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: cf. Brandt 1954, 28f., El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 88, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 2023, 2028B�.","An ant (beetle, cockroach, grasshopper, snail, cat, etc.) finds some money, buys new clothes, and sits in her doorway. Many animals come by and ask her to marry them, in their characteristic voices. The ant chooses the mouse, because he is quiet. When the mouse stirs the stew (wedding soup), he falls in the pot and drowns. When the ant discovers this, she weeps. The bird tears his own beak off, the seagull tears his own tail off, etc. [Z32.3].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,Chains Involving A Death (With Animal Actors) 2021-2024,2024*,Rabbit Borrows Money,"Haavio 1929f. I; Schwarzbaum 1979, 331 not. 6; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 26.","Greek: cf. Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *2024; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 2024; Venezuelan: Hansen 1957, No. **2024.","A rabbit borrows money from a beetle, a hen, a fox, a dog, a tiger, and a hunter. When the beetle asks for the money back, the rabbit tells him to wait behind to count the money. Instead, the hen eats the beetle, then the fox eats the hen, etc. [Z32.4].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2009,Origin of Chess,"Murray 1913, 207�209, 755; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 79 No. 2009; HDM 2 (1934�40) 175.","Finnish: SKS; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XII, 529 No. 104; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 118; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. Z21.1; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 492.","The inventor of chess demands kernels of grain for each square on the board: one for the first, two for the second, four for the third, etc. , i.e. each square has double the amount of the previous square. The king is unable to provide so much grain [Z21.1].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2010,Ehod mi yodea (One; Who Knows),"Newell 1891; Erk/B�hme 1893f. III, Nos. 2130�2132; Kohut 1895; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 370 not. 2; Bolte 1901b; Bolte 1903; BP III, 15 not. 1; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 79 No. 2010; HDM 2 (1934�40) 170�174; Suppan 1962; Schwarzbaum 1968, 321, 410; EM 11,1 (2003) 279; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 26; EM: Zw�lf (in prep.).","Finnish: SKS; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS2036; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 28; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 532f.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 14, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 457, 458, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 291, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Martha/Pinto 1912, 159ff., Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 200, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Eigen Volk 9 (1937) 130f., 273f., Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 326f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 115; Italian, Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 45; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; US-American: TFSP 27 (1957) 138�150, 30 (1961) 220, Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 223; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Karlinger/P�gl 1983, No. 67.","Religious (Jewish) song in which the numbers from one to twelve in sequence are associated with circumstances, beings and/or persons that have religious (theological) significance. For example, in Catholic countries of western Europe (for Jews in Bohemia in the 16th century), the answers run as follows: One God, two tablets of laws, three patriarchs, four evangelists (ancestral mothers), five clever virgins (books of Moses), six pitchers in Canaan (books of Mishna), seven sacraments (days of the week), eight beatitudes (days until circumcision), nine choirs of angels (months of pregnancy), ten commandments, eleven thousand virgins (stars), twelve apostles (races of Israel) (thirteen characteristics of God) [Z22]. Cf. Type 812 [H602.1.1].","Semitic and/or Indian origin, Rigveda (I,164). The Jewish Ehod has long been sung to music.",NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2010A,The Twelve Days (Gifts) of Christmas,"Eckenstein 1906, 134�155; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 79f. nos. 2010A, 2010B; HDM 2 (1934�40) 172�174; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 18.","Swedish: Norlind 1952, 612, Liungman 1961, No. GS2041; Danish: Feilberg 1886ff. I, 54, IV, 248, Kristensen 1896, Nos. 337�348, 351�370; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Opie/Opie 1952, No. 100; Flemish: Boone 1999 II, 1916f.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: cf. Sirov�tka 1980, No. 45.","(Including the previous Type 2010B.) Chain tale (song) in which gifts are brought each day, or a description of the generous dowry that a king provides for his daughter. One partridge, two turtledoves, three french hens (wood doves), four colly-birds (ducks), five golden rings (rabbits), six geese (hares), seven swans (dogs), eight maidservants (sheep), nine drummers (oxen), ten pipers (turkeys), eleven noble ladies (hams), twelve noblemen (cheeses) [Z22.1, Z22.2].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2010I,How the Rich Man Paid his Servant,"BP III, 129�136; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 80 No. 2010I; HDM 2 (1934�40) 174.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Norlind 1952, 612, Liungman 1961, No. GS2038; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 392�418.","A man who works for a gentleman is paid for his first six months with a chicken, for the second six months etc. with a hen, a goose, a goat, a cow, a horse . . . a girl, a farm [Z23]. The animals often have peculiar names (voices).",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2010IA,The Animals with Peculiar Names (previously The Animals with Queer Names),NA,NA,"Folk song in which, in each verse, a man buys an animal. In answer to questions about what they are called, it turns out that all of them have peculiar names [Z23]. Cf. Types 1940, 2033. Literatur/Variants: Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 80 No. 2010IA. Swedish: Norlind 1952, 612, Liungman 1961, No. GS2038; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 21ff., Kristensen 1896, Nos. 431, 432; Wepsian: Kecskem'ti/Paunonen 1974; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 532f.; Dutch: Duyse 1903ff. II, No. 376, Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 327; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Plenzat 1930, 36ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 264; Italian: Barozzi 1976, 357f.; Hungarian: MNK IX; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. *2052; West Indies: Johnson 1931, No. 24; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2011,"'Where Have you Been, Goose' Facetious questions and answers built upon the anatomy of an animal",NA,NA,"For example, 'Where have you been, goose (lamb)' ' 'Out in the fields.' ' What do you have in your beak' ' 'A knife (brick, water, ox, stick, old woman, monk, mass, coat), etc. ' [Z39.4]. Literatur/Variants: Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 80 No. 2011; HDM 2 (1934'40) 174. Latvian: 'mits 1962ff. XII, 529f. nos. 105.1, 105.2; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 461, 462, cf. Nos. 466, 469, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 292, cf. Nos. 294, 295; Cheremis/Mari: Sebeok 1952, Nos. Z39.4.1, Z39.4.2; Ostyak: cf. Gulya 1968, No. 11; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 2018*A.",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2012,The Days of the Week (previously The Forgetful Man Counts the Days of the Week),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 417; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 80 nos. 2012, 2012A�D; HDM 2 (1934�40) 174; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 19; EM: Woche: Die sonderbare W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 464, 545; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 281; Swedish: EU, No. 450, NM. HA Ms. 8,821; Danish: Kristensen 1899, Nos. 1�5, 6�11, Kristensen 1900 I, Nos. 373, 375; English: Halliwell 1853, No. 49, Opie/Opie 1952, No. 483; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, Nos. 187, 194, 198, RE 5 (1965) 216 No. 84, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 173; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Boone 1999ff. II, 1926ff.; German: Zender 1935, No. 188; Italian: Crane 1885, No. 81; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 2012, cf. No. *2012E; Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 20121a�20121c, 2012A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 2012B.","(Including the previous Types 2012A'D.) This miscellaneous type comprises various chain tales in which the months of the year, days of the week, or hours of the day are connected to actions or events. (1) A forgetful man enumerates the chores done on the various days of the week and comes to the conclusion that today must be Sunday [Z24]. (2) A widower relates how he courted, married, and buried his wife within a single week [Z24.1]. (Previously Type 2012A.) (3) The chief events of a human life, from birth to death, are assigned to the hours of the day (from one o'clock to ten o'clock) [Z24.1.1]. (Previously Type 2012B.) (4) In a children's rhyme, the main events of a human life, from birth to death, are assigned to the various days of the week [Z24.1.3]. (Previously Type 2012D.) (5) A bird gives a father instructions for educating his lazy children. She tells him what she does for her chicks each month from March to August, when they are ready to fly away [Z24.1.2]. (Previously Type 2012C.)",NA,1825.
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2013,'There Was Once a Woman; the Woman Had a Son,"BP II, 209f.; Taylor 1933, 81 No. 2013; HDM 2 (1934�40) 174, 190f.; EM 3 (1981) 1409�1413 (H.-J. Uther); EM 11,2 (2004) 918�920 /T. Bulang).","Finnish: Aarne 1911, No. 2013*, SKS, Nos. 2013, 2320; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2013*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 2320; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 2320; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 2320; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 2013, 2320; English: Briggs/Tongue 1965, No. 92, Briggs 1970f. A II, 563; French: Delarue 1956, 355; Spanish: RE 5 (1965) 216 No. 86, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 2320; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 2320; Dutch: Haan 1979, 70; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 2320, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 221; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 2320; German: cf. Frischbier 1867, Nos. 361, 366, 367, Plenzat 1930, 99 No. 1, cf. 158 No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 2320; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 2320; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2320, cf. Nos. 2013B*, 2013C*, 2302A*, 2320A*; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, 262 No. 1, 264 No. 5, 265 No. 10; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 2320; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, Nos. 528, 530�532; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 503, 503f.; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. Z17; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 2320; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 2320; Mexican: Paredes 1970, No. 80, Robe 1973, No. 2320; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 95; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2320.","' (Including the previous Type 2320.) This miscellaneous type comprised of rounds in which a narrator repeats his tale in a never-ending circle [Z17]. For example, articles of clothing (parts of the body) are enumerated or described, 'There once was a woman who had a son. He wore red pants, the pants had black buttons, etc. Shall I tell it again' [Z49.4].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2014,Chains Involving Contradictions or Extremes,"Bolte 1886; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 81 nos. 2014, 2014A; HDM 2 (1934�40) 182; EM 6 (1990) 323�326 (U. Masing).","Finnish: SKS; Finnish-Swedish: Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1988, No. 82; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2014*, L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 65, Tampere 1968, No. 10; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 2014, 2014A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 58; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 2014A; Danish: Kamp 1879f. I, No. 19, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 364, Kristensen 1900, Nos. 158�161, Holbek 1990, No. 57; Icelandic: Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 13; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 104; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 2014A; French: Karlinger/Gr�ciano 1974, Nos. 6, 51, Pelen 1994, No. 23; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 470; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 2014A, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 218; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 2014A; German: Fox 1942, No. 33, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 129b, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 261; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2014A; Czech: Franko 1892, No. 16; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 3; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 45, Eschker 1992, No. 87; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, 217, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 17; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 346; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1961*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2014A; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 71f.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 2014A; Jewish: Landmann 1973, 259; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 2014A; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 2014A.","(Including the previous Type 2014A.) This miscellaneous type comprised of various chain tales that feature contradictions or extremes [Z51]. Cf. Types 1931, 2335. The following are the most common variants: (1) A man who has recently been married meets a friend (neighbor, stranger) who tells him what has happened at home while he was absent. The friend makes the events sound positive, but as the married man asks for more information, the situation turns out to be disasterous. (Previously Type 2014A.) During their conversation they exchange other news. For example, one says that a goat (hog) ate a giant cabbage and became fat enought to be slaughtered. Questions and answers follow, with comments like, 'That's good.' ' 'No, not so good.' ' 'That's bad.' ' 'No, not so bad.' One tells the other his house burned down. 'That's too bad,' answers the other, but the first man says, 'Not it's not so bad, because my wife died in the fire.' [Z51.1]. Cf. Type 2040. (2) Two godparents (strangers) discuss a coin (saw, pea) which one of them has found (lost). The conversation conveys alternating incidents or commentary. At the end, one tells the other that he killed a wolf which had eaten a wild boar. The other says, 'That's good'. The first replies, 'Yes, it is good, but not very good, because the squire claimed its skin.'","Documented in a Latin manuscript of the 15th century. Early literary treatment, see Bonaventure Des P�riers, Nouvelles R�cr�ations (No. 75).",NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2015,The Goat who Would Not Go Home,"BP I, 346�349, II, 104�107; Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 81 No. 2015; Joldrichsen 1987, 45�54; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 15f.; EM: Ziege will nicht heim (in prep.).","Finnish: Aarne 1911, No. 2015**, SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: cf. Wichman 1916, No. 14; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 43; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 145�147, 601; Scottish: Chambers 1870, 57ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 576ff.; French: Delarue 1947, No. 26, Massignon 1968, No. 39, Joisten 1971 II, No. 114.1, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 7; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, Nos. 471, 472; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 389, Coelho 1985, No. 3, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, No. 2; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Spiegel 1914, No. 16, Jungbauer 1923b, No. 24, Fox 1942, No. 46, Benzel 1962, No. 144, Hen�en 1963, No. 19, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 36, 48; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 59; Ladinian: cf. Uffer 1945, 101ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 4; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX; Czech: Jech 1961, No. 2; Slovene: Krek 1885, 1070; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 13, Eschker 1992, No. 47; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 63; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 15, Eschker 1972, No. 9; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 49; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 24, 27, Alptekin 1994, Nos. V.87, VI.103; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 28; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 41; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Makeev 1952, 154ff.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 13f.; Kalmyk: cf. Dimbinov 1959, No. 89f.; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 23f.; Palestinian, Jordanian, Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Ehlers 1961, 55ff.; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 17; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A boy is not able to bring his mischievous goat home. He asks people (hunter, shepherd, St. Nicholas), animals (bear, hare, dog, cat, mouse, pig), and/or objects (rope, water, fire) for help. None of them can (will) make the goat go home. A wolf (bee, wasp, fly) bites (stings) the goat, and it runs home fast [Z39.1]. Cf. Type 212.",NA,"212, 2030."
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2016,Wee Wee Woman (previously There Was a Wee Wee Woman),"Haavio 1929f. I; Taylor 1933, 81 No. 2016; HDM 2 (1934�40) 176; EM: Wee Wee Woman (in prep.).","Finnish: Aarne 1911, No. 2016**, SKS; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896, Nos. 230�237; Scottish: Baughman 1966; English: Jacobs 1898, 57, Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 28; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Benzel 1962, No. 195, Benzel 1965, No. 214, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 263; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, 32�34; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 45.","Once there was a teeny tiny woman who had a teeny tiny cow which she milked into a teeny tiny pail. A teeny tiny cat drank all the milk. The woman killed the cat (it died), and all the milk flowed back into the pail, etc. [Z39.2].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2019,Pif Paf Poltrie,"Cf. Erk/B�hme 1893f. II, No. 884; Haavio 1929f. I; BP III, 71�74; Taylor 1933, 81 No. 2019; HDM 2 (1934�40) 176f.; EM 10 (2002) 1056�1058 (S. Wienker-Piepho).","Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 131.","A suitor (suitors) with a peculiar name (e.g. Pif Paf Poltrie) asks a father for his daughter's hand in marriage. The father consents and sends the suitor to other relatives, who also consent. The suitor asks the bride about her dowry, which is poor. She asks him what his profession is. He is not a tailor, shoemaker, farmer, carpenter, or smith, but a maker of brooms [Z31.1].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Cumulative Tales 2000-2100,"Chains Based On Numbers, Objects, Animals, Or Names 2000-2020",2019*,Louse and Flea Wish to Marry,"Haavio 1929f. I; BP III, 71�74; Taylor 1933, 81 No. 2019*; HDM 2 (1934�40) 176; EM 8 (1996) 793�795 (H.-J. Uther).","Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 182; Catalan: Karlinger/Ehrgott 1968, No. 20, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 76, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 54, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK IX, Nos. 2019A*, 2019B*; Russian: SUS; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 2019**; Spanish-American: TFSP 5 (1926) 7�48; Chile, Argentine: Hansen 1957.","Chain tale or song about the wedding of a louse and a flea (other animals). Other animals (fly, frog, ant, beetle, newt, snake, rat, etc.) help with the preparations (come as guests, bridesmaids, musicians, baker, cook, etc.). Various complications ensue [Z31.2].",NA,NA
Formula Tales,Other Formula Tales 2300-2399,NA,2300,Endless Tales,"Chauvin 1892ff. IX, 21 No. 10; BP II, 209; HDM 2 (1934�40) 190; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 189; Tubach 1969, No. 4310; EM 3 (1981) 1409�1413 (H.-J. Uther); Schwarzbaum 1989, 277�279; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 30.","Finnish: SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 2300, 2301B; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 519; French: Massignon 1968, No. 56; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. Z11; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. H1111, Z11, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 276f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, cf. Schippers 1995, No. 109; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Frischbier 1867, No. 369, cf. No. 363, Plenzat 1930, 158f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 267; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 539; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 3; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2300, cf. Nos. 2300A*, 2300B*, 2302B*�2302D*, 2302Z*, D�m�t�r 2001, 287, 292; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, 263 No. 4, 264 No. 6, 265 No. 9; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *2300*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 2300, cf. Nos. 2303A*, 2302Z*; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 75; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, 304f., Eberhard 1941, No. 159, cf. Ting 1978, No. 2301C; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 705; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 2280, 2300, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, Nos. 46, 47; US-American: Randolph 1955, 75; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, Nos. 99, 100, TFSP 19 (1943) 75�79, Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 61ff.; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 99; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 177ff.","(Including the previous Types 2280 and 2301B.) Miscellaneous type. The narrator reports on something that takes a long time and says that he will continue the tale when it is completed. The following is the most common version: a shepherd has to take many sheep over a bridge, which is so narrow that they have to pass over one at a time. The listeners have to wait while each sheep crosses the bridge to the other side [Z11]. Cf. Type 2302.","Documented e.g. by Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 12) and Hans Sachs, Der k�nig mit seim dichter (1547).",NA
Formula Tales,Other Formula Tales 2300-2399,NA,2301,Corn Carried Away One Grain at a Time,"EM 3 (1981) 1409�1413 (H.-J. Uther); Schmidt 1999, No. 2301A.","Finnish: SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 2301, 2301A; Welsh: Fabula 22 (1981) 39, Hetmann 1982, No. 63; English: Baughman 1966; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 603, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 2103A; German: Benzel 1992b, 158f.; Hungarian: MNK IX, No. 2103A, cf. No. 2302*; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. 2103A, Jason 1988a, No. 2103A; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2301A; Indian: Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 61, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 2301, 2301A; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., Nos. 2301, 2301A; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 140; US-American: Baughman 1966, Perdue 1987, Nos. 1A�1C; Spanish-American: TFSP 20 (1961) 15f., Robe 1973, No. 2103A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2301A; Ethiopian: Courlander/Leslau 1950, 99ff.; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Including the previous Type 2301A.) A master (rich farmer) promises his daughter in marriage to whoever can tell a tale without an end. Many suitors try and fail (and are put to death). One young man says, 'A farmer harvested a large amount of grain. While he congratulated himself on his success, a mouse (bird, cricket, ant) came and took a grain of wheat. The next day, the (another) mouse comes and takes a grain of wheat. The next day ... etc. [Z11.1]. The master loses patience and lets the narrator marry his daughter [Cf. J1185].",NA,852.
Formula Tales,Other Formula Tales 2300-2399,NA,2302,The Crow on the Tarred Bridge,"Bolte 1886; Haavio 1929; HDM 2 (1934�40) 190; Taylor 1933, 81 nos. 2017; Petitat/Pahud 2003, 29f.","Finnish: Aarne 1911, No. 2017**, SKS; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999f. II; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: cf. Delarue 1947, No. 22; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957, No. 1962C*.",Endless tale about a crow whose beak and tail alternately stick to the tar on a bridge [Z39.3]. (Previously Type 2017.) Cf. Type 2300.,NA,NA
Formula Tales,Other Formula Tales 2300-2399,NA,2335,Tales Filled with Contradictions,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 279 No. 162, 281 No. 165.","Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 28, Kamp 1877, No. 391, Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 409, 410, 412, 413, 415, 417�453, II, No. 476, cf. No. 227; Dutch: Neerlands Volksleven 29 (1979) 85; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Benzel 1991, 250; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, 264 nos. 7, 8; Russian: Hoffmann 1973, No. 2335A*; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 15; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 587; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 144; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 25; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 53, El-Shamy 2004.",Miscellaneous type with diverse variants [Z19.2]. Cf. Type 2014.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,275,The Race between Two Animals (previously The Race of the Fox and the Crayfish),NA,NA,"See Types 275A'275C, 275C*. Cf. Types 103C*, 221, 221A, 221B, 250, 1072, and 1074.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,275A,The Race between Hare and Tortoise (previously Hare and Tortoise Race: Sleeping Hare),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 46�48, 96f.; D�hnhardt 1908, 10�46; BP III, 339�343; Takehara 1978; Schwarzbaum 1979, 236f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 256; Dekker et al. 1997, 155�158; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. H. 254; Ghosh 1999; EM: Wettlauf der Tiere (in prep.).","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 205; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 275, 1074; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 295; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 467f., Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 275A, cf. 275C*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 2; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 217, cf. Uther 1990a, No. 66; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 96; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 429; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, 75 No. 8; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 275; Turkish: Spies 1967, No. 8; Chinese: Ting 1978; Laotian: Lindell et al. 1977ff. III, 122f.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; African American: Dance 1978, No. 438; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 494; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 45f.","In a race between a fast animal (hare) and a slow animal (tortoise, toad), the fast animal sleeps on the road because it thinks it has plenty of time. The slow animal is able to pass it and wins the race by its endurance [K11.3].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 465 No. 226). Sometimes combined with etiological legends.",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,275B,The Race of the Fox and the Crayfish,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 72�91; D�hnhardt 1908, 10�46; BP III, 339�341, 350�354; Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 42; Schwarzbaum 1968, 364; Takehara 1978; Schwarzbaum 1979, 45 No. 12, 236, 238 not. 12; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 197; Dekker et al. 1997, 155�158; EM: Wettlauf der Tiere (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 204; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 275; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 275A; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 275; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 275; Lappish, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 275; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 220; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 275, 1074; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 275; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 275; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III, No. 275, Cifarelli 1993, No. 295; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 468f., Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 275, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 275; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 275; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 275; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 275; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff., No. 396, Lox 1999a, No. 2; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. 275A; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 212f., Hubrich-Messow 2000, Nos. 275, 275A, Berger 2001, No. 275; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 275; Czech: Sirov�tka 1969, No. 40; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 459; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 175f.; Macedonian: Vrainovski 1977, No. 54; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 275; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 275; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 275; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, 102 No. 19; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 275; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 4 (3); Yakut: Doerfer 1983, No. 57; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 195f.; Kara-Kalpak: Reichl 1985, 16ff.; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 15, 53; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 275; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 9; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 275; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 35; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 15, 19; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 5; Indonesian: Kratz 1973, No. 43; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 275, 275B, cf. No. 275C; US-American: Thompson 1919, 441; African American: Baer 1980, 155; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 275; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 275*A; South American Indian: Koch-Gr�nberg/Huppertz 1956, 170ff.; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 275; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 17, 20; Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **67B; West-Indian: Flowers 1953, No. 275; Guinean: Klipple 1992, No. 275; Benin: Wekenon Tokponto 2003, 138ff.; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 1180, Klipple 1992, No. 275; Sudanese, Angolan: Klipple 1992, No. 275; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 285; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.275, 7.275, Klipple 1992, No. 275.","The crayfish (crab, frog, toad, tick, chameleon) hangs on to the fox's tail and wins [K11.2]. In some Asian variants the animals have a jumping contest. The smaller animal hangs on to the bigger and wins. Cf. Types 221A, 250.",Documented in a German manuscript in the 13th century.,"9, 9A."
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,275C,The Race between Hare and Hedgehog,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 48�72; D�hnhardt 1908, 10�46; BP III, 339�341, 343�350; Perry 1965, 465 No. 226; Takehara 1978; Schwarzbaum 1979, 237; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 256; Schindler 1993, 26�29; Dekker et al. 1997, 155�158; Ghosh 1999; EM: Wettlauf der Tiere (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 205; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 23; Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 275A*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 275A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 275A*; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 275, 1074; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 108f.; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 295; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995 ff. I, No. 275D; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 38, 93, 94, 96, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 275D; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 105; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 275A*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1074; German: Ranke 1966, No. 10, Tomkowiak 1993, 217, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 187, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Nos. 275, 275A; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 275A*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 1074; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 275A*; Slovene: Flere 1931, 152ff.; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 275A*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 275; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 275A*; Turkish: Spies 1967, No. 38; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 275A*; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 31; Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 275E*; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 7; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 19; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 46; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 3f., Esche 1976, 436ff.; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 91ff.; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, Nos. 6, 18; Micronesian: Mitchell 1973, No. 11; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, No. 193; African American: Baer 1980, 44f.; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 44ff., 340f., 377f.; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 275*A; South American Indian: Koch-Gr�nberg/Huppertz 1956, 170ff., Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 278, 279; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 43; Peruvian, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 275*A; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1976, 35ff.; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1074, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 480; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.1074.","(Including the previous Type 275A*.) The slower animal outwits the faster. The hedgehog (tortoise, mussel, snail) asks a relative (his wife) to wait at the other end of the race course or several relatives are placed along the course. The hare (fox, jackal) runs from one end to the other until he is completely exhausted [K11.1]. Cf. Type 1074.","Published 1840 in northern Germany. Localized in Buxtehude and widely disseminated through L. Bechstein (Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 60). Sometimes combined with etiological legends.",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,275C*,The Race of Frog and Snail,"Dekker et al. 1997, 155�158.","Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 22, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 275*, Cox-Leick/Cox 1977, No. 65; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *275D; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975.",The snail wins the race because the frog cannot pass a gate on the road and has to wait. The snail crawls over it.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,276,The Crab Walks Backward: Learned from his Parents,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 156; Tubach 1969, No. 1311; Schwarzbaum 1979, L not. 107; R�hrich 1991ff. II, 885f.; Almqvist 1982f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 364; EM 8 (1996) 373f. (J. van der Kooi); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 211, M. 80.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 183; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 26, Goldberg 1998, No. J1063.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J1063.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 186; German: Zincgref/Weidner III (1653) 219a, (1655) V, 58b, Gerlach, Eutrapeliarum I (1656) No. 634, II, No. 594, Vademecum II (1786) No. 380 (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 222; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1311; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 275A; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1040.","The father (mother) of a crab wants to oblige ist child to walk straight. The child answers that the parent should walk straight first [J1063.1, U121.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 482 No. 322). Also known through Greek and Latin proverbs.",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,277,The King of the Frogs,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 271f.; Jacobsen 1952; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 54; Tubach 1969, Nos. 292, 2221; Sch�tze 1973, 81�87; Schwarzbaum 1979, 141�152, 523; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 162; EM 5 (1987) 408�410 (R. W. Brednich); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 44, M. 375, S. 260; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 243.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 206; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 277*; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 228; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 27, Goldberg 1998, No. J643.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 171; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. V, No. 320; German: Rehermann 1977, 134f., 272 No. 27, Tomkowiak 1993, 210; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 374; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2221; Jewish: Noy 1976; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.4.277.","When the frogs (ants) ask God (Jupiter) for a king, he throws a log into the water. They are unhappy. God sends a crane (stork, snake) to be the king and it eats up the frogs. They regret that they were not satisfied with their first king [J643.1]. Cf. Type 231**.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 429 No. 44).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,277A,The Frog Tries in Vain to be as Big as the Ox,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 73; Tubach 1969, No. 2219; Schwarzbaum 1979, 162 not. 15; Hall 1979; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 168; EM 5 (1987) 401�404 (I. Tomkowiak); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. M. 374, not-H. 273, not-H. 308.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 206; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 43; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 221; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 28, Goldberg 1998, No. J955.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J955.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J955.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 175; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 53, Tomkowiak 1993, 211; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 373; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2219; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 107f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 17; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Christensen 1921, No. 2; Siberian: Radloff 1866ff. I, 215f.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 848; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 277A, cf. No. 277*; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 46; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 14; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 212; Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; East African: Klipple 1992, 380; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 38.",He puffs himself up until he bursts [J955.1]. Cf. Type 228.,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 488 No. 376).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,278,The Frog and the Mouse Tied Together (previously Rat and Frog Tie Paws Together to Cross Marsh),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 123 No. 117; Clark 1912; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, Nos. 29, 35; Tubach 1969, No. 3425; Schwarzbaum 1979, iv, 6�9; Pope 1979; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 167; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 302, M. 312; EM: Tiere aneinandergebunden (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 207; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 221; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J681.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J681.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J681.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 173; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 224, Neumann 1971, No. 54, Tomkowiak 1993, 210; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3425; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Tadzhik: STF, Nos. 229, 280; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 212ff.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1004, Jason 1989; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 48; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A frog (toad) ties its feet to those of a mouse in order to cross a lake (marsh). On the way, the frog almost drowns the mouse. A falcon carries them off and eats them both [J681.1]. Cf. Types 78, 78A.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 490f. No. 384).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,278A,The Frog Persists in Living in Puddle on Road,"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 169; EM 5 (1987) 407 (I. Tomkowiak).","French: cf. Cifarelli 1993, No. 227; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Goldberg 1998, No. J1064; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Greek: Megas 1978; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 232; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 1025; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.","A frog disregards the advice of another frog to move with him to a lake. He is run over [J652.1, cf. J1064.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 433f. No. 69).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,278A*,Frogs Decide Not to Jump into the Well,"Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 161.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 226; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975.","When their spring dries up, the frogs consider jumping into a well. They decide that the well may also dry up and they would be unable to get out [J752.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 429 No. 43).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,279*,The Snake Trying to Surround the Crab Refuses to Straighten himself Out,"Megas 1960; Schwarzbaum 1979, 35 not. 3; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 365; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 211, M. 80.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 469; Greek: Megas 1978.","A snake and a crab want to live together, but the snake surrounds the crab too closely. The crab objects and kills it. Then the snake straightens itself out and the crab thinks, they can be friends [J1053].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 458f. No. 196).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,280,The Ant Carries a Load as Large as Himself,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 143f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 208, 209; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 21; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","An ant and a raven (bear) have a contest to see if they can each carry a load as large as themselves up into a tree. The ant wins [A2251.1]. Often combined with an etiological explanation (why the raven lays its eggs in March, why the bear eats ants).",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,280A,The Ant and the Cricket (previously The Ant and the Lazy Cricket),"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 58 No. 19; Seemann 1923, 103�122; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 845; Wesselski 1936b, 180�182; Anhegger 1949; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 110; Schwarzbaum 1968, 463; P�rivier 1969; Schwarzbaum 1979, 101�106; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 35, cf. No. 60; Kruse 1990; EM 6 (1990) 161f. (S. Vida); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 114, M. 463.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 210; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1975, 180f.; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 249; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 214, cf. No. 43; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J711.1; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 4, 5, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 208, Schippers 1995, Nos. 187, 372; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Rehermann 1977, 135, 269 No. 20, Tomkowiak 1993, 202f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 431; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 261*; Slovene: Matietov 1973, No. 47; Serbian: Karadi 1959, No. 153; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 4; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5080; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, Noy 1976; Ossetian: Christensen 1921, No. 11; Tadzhik: STF, No. 240; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Cambodian: Nevermann 1956, 160; New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, No. J711.1; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 451; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 15; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992, No. 249; East African: Klipple 1992; Congolese: Klipple 1992, No. 249.","During the summer, an ant collects food for the winter while a cricket (grasshopper) sings. In the winter, the cricket asks for food from the ant, but it refuses to help and advises the cricket to dance [J711.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 443 No. 112).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,281,Miscellaneous Tales of Gnats (previously The Gnats and the Horse),"Schwarzbaum 1964, 194; Schwarzbaum 1979, 314 not. 9, 371�375; Dicke/Grubm�ller, Nos. 154, 157; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 53.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 211; Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 281, 281C; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 91, 485; Goldberg 1998, No. J953.10.1.1*; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 212*; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 281A*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 281A*; Jewish: Noy 1976; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 281A*; Iraqi: Jason 1988a, No. 281A*; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 859, 861; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 281A*; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 136.","(Including the previous Type 281A*.) This type exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) Gnats want to kill a horse. When it rolls over, they think they have thrown him [J953.6]. (2) Some gnats apologize for landing on bull's horns. But the bull did not feel their weight [J953.10]. (3) Gnats defeat a lion but are killed in a spider web [L478]. (4) A man cannot chase a buffalo away from a mud hole. A gnat succeeds [L315.6]. (Previously Type 281A*.)","The second and the third forms are Aesopic fables (Perry 1965, 448 No. 137, 473 No. 255).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,282A*,The Flea and the Fly,"ZfVk. 15 (1905) 105; Wesselski 1909, No. 75; Tubach 1969, No. 2080; Schwarzbaum 1979, 527f.; EM 4 (1984) 1281�1284 (H.-J. Uther); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 137.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 282A*, 293F*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 293F*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 220; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 1, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 293F*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 283C*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 286; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 23, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 205, Benzel 1965, No. 122; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 287A*, 287B*, 293F*; Czech: cf. Dvo�k 1978, No. 2088*, Jech 1984, No. 8; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 212f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 287*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 282A*, *282A**; Greek: Megas 1978; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 299; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Ossetian: Benzel 1963, 31ff.; Mordvinian: Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. IV, 835f.","(Including the pevious Type 293F*.) The two insects (often an insect and an illness, or two illnesses like fever or gout, also with spider and mucus or mucus and excrement) meet and complain about their lives. The flea is unhappy in the country (with poor people) and the fly in the city (with rich people), so they switch places and are content [J612.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 535 No. 587). Documented by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 59).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,282B*,Conversation of Fly and Flea,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 19.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Dutch: Burger 1993, 146; Hungarian: MNK I; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 288*; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A flea and a fly talk about their lives. The flea is hunchbacked because he crawls under rags all night long on the sleeping man. The fly has swollen eyes because he laughs so much over man's unsuccessful efforts to catch him [A2332.1.2].,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,282C*,The Louse Invites the Flea,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 89 No. 27, 197, No. 29; Schwarzbaum 1964, 194; Kooi 1979a, 76f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 371; EM 8 (1996) 793�795 (H.-J. Uther); cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 52.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 212; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 276**; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 419; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J2137.1; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2088*; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 282D*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 276**, 282C*; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 895, Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J2137.1; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 276**.","(Including the previous Type 276**.) A louse invites a flea to spend the night. The flea bites a sleeping person and jumps away. The sleeper searches his bed, finds the louse, and kills it [J2137.1]. Sometimes the flea and the bedbugs are killed too. Cf. Types 282A*, 282B*, 283.","Indian and Arabian origin, e.g. Hitopadea (III, No. 4b) and Kalila and Dimna. Documented in Europe by John of Capua, Directorium humanae vitae (II,12) in the 13th century.",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,282D*,The Louse and the Flea Spend Night in Woman's Backside and Vagina,"Legman 1968f. I, 584f., II, 320; Gaignebet 1974, 174�176.","Estonian: Kippar 1986, No. 276B; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 346f.; French: Hoffmann 1973; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 123; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Loots 1985, 41ff.; German: Heckscher/Simon 1980ff. II,1, 289f.; Greek: Nicola�d�s 1906, No. 25, Orso 1979, No. 277; Russian: Hoffmann 1973; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 113C**; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 76.",The next morning they tell each other what happened to them. The woman had sexual intercourse.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,283,The Spider and the Fly (previously Spider Invites Fly to Rest on her Curtain),"Tubach 1969, Nos. 4569, 4571; Schwarzbaum 1979, 529f.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K815.2; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 41; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. I, No. 85.","(Including the previous Type 283A*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A spider invites a fly (wasp) to rest on her 'curtain'. But it is really her web and she eats the fly [K815.2]. (2) A spider catches many flies and releases one of them so that it can tell the others that the spider is harmless. But when more insects come to the spider's web, the spider eats them.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,283B*,The House of the Fly,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 228; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 306ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","Fly, mouse, hare, fox, and wolf gather in a mitten (skull). A bear sits down on the mitten and crushes all of them.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,283D*,The Spider Laughs at the Silkworm for working so slowly,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 529; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 540; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. S. 330.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 370; German: Abraham a. St. Clara, Huy und Pfuy (1707) 134, Kobolt, Scherz und Ernst (1747) 75ff. (EM archive), Tomkowiak 1993, 229.","The silkworm replies that his work is valuable, whereas that of the spider is worthless. Cf. Type 137.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,283H*,The Dungbeetle Keeps Destroying Eagle's Eggs,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 138; Baker 1969; Thiel 1971; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 4.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. L315.7; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. L315.7.","Finally, the eagle flies up into the sky and lays the eggs on Zeus's lap. The dungbeetle causes Zeus to shake his apron and break the eggs [L315.7].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 422 No. 3).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,285,The Child and the Snake,"BP II, 459�461; Waugh 1960; EM 7 (1993) 1240�1243 (W. Scherf); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 213�215; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming), No. 1.2.1.16; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Baughman 1966; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkelbach-Pinck 1943 II, 305, Tomkowiak 1993, 244, Linhart 1995, 305ff., 580, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 105, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Swiss: Kuoni 1903, No. 47, Jegerlehner 1913, 268 No. 19, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 195, 486, 757, 777f, 785f.; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 56 nos. 28, 29, Haiding 1965, Nos. 64, 123; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 385f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 392, 437; Slovene: Krek 1885, 82f.; Croatian: Treimer 1945, 56f.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 20; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 55; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 145a�c; West-Indian: Flowers 1953; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1780.","A child shares its milk with a snake. When the mother sees this, she fears for her child and kills the snake. Soon the child becomes ill and dies [B391.1, B765.6].","Documented in 1519/20 by Gottschalk Hollen, Sermonum opus (I,51F).","285A, 672."
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,285A,The Man and the Wounded Snake (previously The Dead Child and the Snake's Tail),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 94 No. 43, 102 No. 62, 192 No. 8, III, 66 No. 22; BP II, 461f.; Waugh 1960; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 63; Tubach 1969, No. 4251; Schwarzbaum 1979, 123�137; EM 4 (1984) 982�991 (C. Lindahl); Stohlmann 1985, 139�142; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 410; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 418; cf. Scherf 1995 II, 1398�1401; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 51, M. 426.","French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 257, 470; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. J15, W185.6; Catalan: Neugaard 1995, No. B335.1; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 238; German: Uther 1990a, No. 44; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, No. 285D, Bihari 1980, No. M I.1; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 1, Dvo�k 1978, No. 4251; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 281 No. 16, Eschker 1992, No. 66; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 285D; Albanian: Dozon 1881, No. 17; Greek: Megas 1978, No. 285D; Polish: Coleman 1965, 65; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 285, 285A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 49; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 37, Haboucha 1992, No. 285*D; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 85; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 18; Tadzhik: STF, No. 106; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 203, El-Shamy 2004, No. 285D; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 285D; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 6; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 285D; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 220�222, 226; Egyptian: Fadel 1979, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004, No. 285D.","(Including the previous Type 285D.) A snake is fed milk and brings luck (money [B103.0.4.1]) to a man (household). Someone kills (injures) the snake (its young) by mistake (from greed) and thereafter the snake brings bad luck [B335.1]. Cf. Types 156B*. Often the man tries to conciliate the snake (bird). It refuses because the pain it suffered cannot be forgiven [J15, W185.6]. Cf. Type 159B.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 429f. No. 51). Second part documented in the Indian Pa�catantra (III,5).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,285A*,The Adder Poisons the Children's Food because their mother has thrown away her eggs,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 131, 527.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 168; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1976, Jason 1988a; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",The mother puts the eggs back. The adder upsets the pot with the poisoned food.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,285B,Falling Nut Saves Man from Snake,,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Algerian: Basset 1887, No. 18, El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer sleeps under a tree and a snake is about to crawl into his mouth. A nut drops from the tree and wakens the farmer, who kills the snake and eats the nut [N652]. Cf. Type 285B*.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,285B*,The Snake Stays in the Man's Stomach (previously Snake Enticed out of Man's Stomach),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 457; Schechter 1988, 19�24; Scherf 1995 II, 1389�1391; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. Q601; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 85; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 7; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 329, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Burger 1993, 146; Frisian: Poortinga 1976, 131, Kooi 1994, No. 152; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, No. 285,2�4, Berger 2001, Nos. 285B*, 285B**; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 286; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 5 (1926) 62; Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Australian: Seal 1995, 60ff.; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 I, No. 11; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989.","A man (woman) sleeps under a tree with his mouth open. A snake crawls unnoticed into his body, and he feels sick. In some variants the snake leaves the body with its young. Sometimes the snake is enticed out of the body with milk (water) [B784.2.1.1, cf. B784.2.1.]. Cf. Type 285B.",Indian origin.,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,285E,The Snake Tries to Bite on a File,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 85; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 436, 589; Powell 1990.","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 472; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J552.3; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J552.3; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J552.3.","A snake (weasel) bites a sharp metal file and injures its mouth, but the animal thinks that the file shed the blood [J552.3].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 431 No. 59, 439 No. 93).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,288B*,The Over-hasty Toad (Beetle),EM 3 (1981) 1182f. (E. Moser-Rath).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 329, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 88, 92, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Tomkowiak 1993, 288f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 184, cf. No. 164; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 32; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 585; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 60.","A toad has spent years ascending some steps. On the last step it falls and curses its haste [X1862]. Cf. Types 288B**, 2039.",Exemplification of a proverbial phrase (Festina lente; haste makes waste).,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,288B**,Festina lente (Haste Makes Waste),"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 255; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 877; EM 3 (1981) 1182f. (E. Moser-Rath).","Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. L148.1; German: Selk 1949, No. 109, Debus 1951, 260ff., Hen�en 1957, No. 108.","A man asks the way to the next town and is advised not to hurry. When he hurries all the same, a wheel breaks or his horse is injured [L148.1]. Cf. Type 2039.",Popular as a proverbial phrase.,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,288C*,The Deliberate Turtle,,"Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, Nos. 64, 65; Ukrainian: SUS; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *288**D.","A turtle is sent by animals to ask God for rain. After two months, the animals go in search of him. When they speak ill of him, he raises his head from under a rock and rebukes them.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,289,"A Bat, a Diver, and a Thornbush Shipwrecked","D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 273f.; Schwarzbaum 1964, 194; Schwarzbaum 1979, 148 not. 18, 228f.; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, Nos. 145, 146; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. H.181.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 13; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 106; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 409; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 208; Hungarian: MNK I; Slovene: Matietov 1973, 46ff.; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 177 No. 33; US-American: MacDonald 1982, No. A2275.5.3; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 19f.; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. A2491.1","A bat, a thornbush and a diving bird want to be business partners. The bat lends money, the thornbush puts on clothes, and the diving bird brings leather. All are shipwrecked, but survive. Since then the diving bird has been looking in the water for his leather. The thornbush has been looking for its clothes and holds tightly to everyone who passes by. The bat appears only at night to escape its creditors [A2275.5.3, cf. A2471.4, A2491.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 453 No. 171) explaining the characteristics of animals and objects.",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,291,Deceptive Tug-of-war,Schmidt 1999.,"Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 404, 405; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 43; African American: Harris 1955, 83ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 28; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Peruvian: Hansen 1957, No. **284; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, 357ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 53; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1550.","A small animal (rabbit, tortoise) challenges two large animals (elephant, hippopotamus, whale) to a tug-of-war and arranges it so that they unwittingly pull against each other (one end of the rope is tied to a tree) [K22].",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,292,The Donkey Tries to Get a Cricket's Voice,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 194.",Hungarian: MNK I; Greek: Megas 1978.,A donkey asks a cricket what it eats to get such a voice. The answer is 'dew'. The donkey eats only dew and starves to death [J512.8].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 456 No. 184).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,293,The Debate of the Belly and the Members,"Cf. Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 151 No. 313; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 399; Nestle 1927; Gombel 1934; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 89; Hale 1968; Schwarzbaum 1968, 356f.; Tubach 1969, No. 570; Hale 1971; Hudde 1974; Schwarzbaum 1979, x, xliv not. 53; Peil 1985; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 408; EM 8 (1996) 1418�1422 (D. Peil); Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 132, M. 336.","Estonian: Kippar 1986; Lithuanian: Scheu/Kurschat 1913, 318f.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 359; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J461.1, *J2135.1.1; Neugaard 1993, Nos. J461.1, *J2135.1.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J2135.1.1*; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 67; German: Rehermann 1977, 153, 331 No. 32, Tomkowiak 1993, 225; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 391; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 570; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 9f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 22; Russian: SUS, No. 299**; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 299*; Palestinian: cf. El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 293, 293A, 293B; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 35; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 139; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 22 (1949) 108; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaese: Dorson 1972, 411f.; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 108; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.2.293.","The members accuse the belly of being lazy and gluttonous. They refuse to carry the food but, in so doing, they harm themselves because they all depend on each other [J461.1]. There are variants of this type with different opponents, e.g. house and stone (Serbian) or head and tail of a snake (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 134).","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 446f. No. 130), originated in ancient Babylonia.",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,293B*,The Mushroom Reviles the Young Oak for clinging to it,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Danner 1961, 179f., Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lappish: Szab� 1967, No. 32; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *297B*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 297B*.",After three days the mushroom collapses. The oak keeps on growing.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,293C*,The Flies in the Country and in Town (previously Man and his Associates),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 216; Lithuanian: Cappeller 1924, No. 5, Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 87, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrian, Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","At a meeting town flies (flies from Prussia) say that, when they fall into the food, they are lifted out with a silver spoon and licked off. The country flies (flies from Lithuania) say that they are thrown away with the contents of the spoon, and always have enough to eat.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,293D*,The Hops and the Turnips Quarrel,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS.",Hops (bean) and turnip (onion) insult each other. Later they are reconciled and compliment each other. Cf. Type 239E*.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,293E*,The Grains Talk with One Another,,"Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Russian: SUS.",The barley (corn) would like to go where gold can be found. The wheat answers that it itself is gold. In some variants the grains insult and praise each other. Cf. Type 293D*.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,293G*,"The Hedgehog, the Shilling, and the Gentleman",,Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Russian: SUS.,"A hedgehog finds a shilling which a young gentleman takes away from him. The hedgehog shouts at the man, 'Because you have nothing, you took it away from me.' The gentleman throws back the shilling. Then the hedgehog shouts, 'You gave it back to me because you are afraid.'",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,294,The Months and the Seasons,"Scherf 1995 I, 499f., II, 881f.; cf. EM 9 (1999) 772�775 (K. P�ge-Alder).","Estonian: Kippar 1986, Nos. 294, 294A; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 73; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, No. 69; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 495, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 48 No. 9c, ge*; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 3ff., Massignon 1963, No. 56; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: G�czi 1989, No. 55; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 458f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 294, *294A, *294B, *294B*; Greek: H�llen 1967, 28ff.; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.","This miscellaneous type consists of various tales with etiological explanations and symbolic actions, e.g.: (1) The months invite and threaten each other. (2) Also variants about the question of which month is the best. The best answer, which is every month has its good characteristics, brings luck to the person who gives it. Cf. Type 480.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,295,"The Bean (Mouse), the Straw, and the Coal","D�hnhardt 1907, 129�133; BP I, 135�137, cf. II, 107; Wesselski 1931,110�114; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 66; Dekker et al. 1997, 69�74; Schmidt 1999; EM: Strohhalm, Kohle und Bohne (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 217; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1896, No. 27; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 295, cf. No. 2041*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 210; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 9; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 204f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 258, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 18, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 6, Jegerlehner 1913, 142 No. 163; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 50, XIV, 40; Hungarian: MNK I, MNK IX, No. 2034A, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 149; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 62, Slovenski gospodar 63 (1929) 9; Greek: Megas 1978; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 21; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chemis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mordvinian: cf. Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. III, 306; Nenets: Pu�kareva 1983, 71; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 47; Tadzhik: STF, No. 262; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Eberhard/Eberhard 1976, No. 15; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 466; Namibian/South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1000.","(Including the previous Type 2034A.) A piece of coal and a straw escape from the fire in a stove. A bean escapes from a pot on top of the fire. They go on a journey. When they have to cross a river, the straw serves as a bridge. The coal burns the straw in two and both fall into the water and drown. The bean laughs at them until it bursts. Someone sews the bean together, and that is why beans have a black stripe [F1025.1, A2741.1, A2793.1, Z41.4.1]. Cf. Types 130, 210.","Documented in the 16th century, e.g. Burkhard Waldis, Esopus (III,97).",2034.
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,296,The Clay Pot and the Brass Pot in the River,"Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 162; EM 1 (1977) 720; Schwarzbaum 1979, 200�204; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 559; EM: T�pfe, Irdene und eherne T. (in prep.).","French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 418; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J425.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. 425.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J425.1; German: Sobel 1958, No. 11; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3866*.",Two pots are floating in a river. The clay pot is afraid it will bump into the metal one and break [J425.1].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 488 No. 378).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,297B,The War of the Mushrooms,,"Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978.",A mushroom summons all the mushrooms to war. All refuse except one kind of mushroom.,NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,298,The Contest of Wind and Sun,"Schwarzbaum 1964, 194; Schwarzbaum 1979, 290�295; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 532; Adrados 1999ff. III, No. M. 63; EM: Streit zwischen Sonne und Wind (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, 229; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 480; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 30, R�o Cabrera/P�rez Bautista 1998, No. 70; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 76, Tomkowiak 1993, 228f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK I, D�m�t�r 2001, 291; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4672*; Slovene: Kosi 1894, 62; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 298, *298F*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian: Barag 1966, 481 No. 94; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 33; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 168; Indian: cf. B�dker 1957a, No. 301, Jason 1989; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 403 No. 95, 405 No. 140; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, 79.","Both try to make a traveler take off his coat. When the wind blows violently, the traveler pulls his coat closer around him. The sun succeeds by its warmth [L351].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 429 No. 46).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,298A,The Frostgod and his Son,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 294; EM 5 (1987) 433�437 (U. Masing).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, Nos. 218, 219; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 278; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","Two frosts agree to make a gentleman in his fur coat and a farmer shiver. The gentleman suffers greatly from the frost. The other frost creeps into the farmer's old fur coat. The farmer takes it off in order to hew wood, and its fur is frozen hard. The farmer beats it, and so the frost also gets a thrashing. Cf. Type 71.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,298A*,The Man Greets the Wind,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 293�295; EM 6 (1990) 276�279 (L. G. Barag).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 25, p. 156, V, No. 220; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 210; Estonian: Kippar 1986; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 298A*, 298B*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: RTP 1 (1887) 327; Dutch: cf. Schippers 1995, No. 72; Hungarian: MNK I; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 506, Schott/Schott 1971, No. 40; Bulgarian: BFP; Kashubian: Seefried-Gulgowski 1911, 172; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 298B*, Noy 1976, No. 298B*.","(Including the previous Types 298B*, and 1097*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) Sun, frost (moon) and wind meet a farmer who greets one of them. They cannot decide who is being addressed and ask the farmer. He answers that he intended to address the wind because it protects him from severe heat and cold. (2) Cold and wind compete for supremacy and ask a farmer's opinion. The farmer favours the wind. The cold wants to take revenge for this answer, but the wind helps the farmer so that he does not loose his harvest. (Previously Type 298B*.) Cf. Type 846*. (3) Cold and wind quarrel about their strength. The wind overcomes the frost. (Previously Type 1097*.) Cf. Type 71.",NA,NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,298C*,The Reeds Bend before Wind (Flood),"Grawi 1911; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 174; Paepre 1951; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 113; Schwarzbaum 1964, 194; EM 1 (1977) 1386�1389 (H. Stein); Schwarzbaum 1979, 163�169; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 81; Adrados 1999ff. III, Nos. H. 239, M. 373.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 458; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J832; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J832; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J832; Dutch: Schippers 1995, No. 64; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 145, Tomkowiak 1993, 205; Hungarian: MNK I; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 511*; Jewish: Neuman 1954, No. J832; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J832; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 298C*, 298C1.","A reed and an oak argue about which of them is the stronger. The reed wins because it saves itself by bending in the wind, while the oak is uprooted [J832]. In some variants a thornbush tells a beautiful pine tree that in the future when the pine tree is cut down, it will be happy to change places with the thornbush.","The first part is an Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 434 No. 70).",NA
Other Animals And Objects,NA,NA,299,The Mountain Gives Birth to a Mouse,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 530�533; EM 2 (1979) 141; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 56; R�hrich 1991f. I, 174f.","French: Cifarelli 1993, Nos. 81, 190; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. U114.",A mountain goes into labor but gives birth only to a mouse [U114].,"Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 522 No. 520). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,700,Thumbling (previously Tom Thumb),"BP I, 361, 389�398; HDM 1 (1930�33) 375�380 (K. Voretzsch); Joisten 1956; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 572; EM 3 (1981) 349�360 (W. Pape); Scherf 1995 I, 159�163; Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996, 48�51; Dekker et al. 1997, 184f.; Oriol 1997; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Abry/Joisten 2003, 229�231.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 131; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 146; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 56; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 531ff., B I, 205; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: cf. Neugaard 1993, No. F915, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 94, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 19, 21, 116; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1966, No. 23, Tomkowiak 1993, 253, 315, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 17, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 37, 45; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 68; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 43; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 167ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 475; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 99ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 62, Karadi 1937, Eschker 1992, No. 6; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 47; Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1955, 53ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 700, cf. Nos. *700A, *700B, Koceva 2002, Nos. 700, *700A, *700B; Albanian: Hahn 1864 II, No. 99; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 66; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 288; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, No. 174; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 23, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 29; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 29; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 195; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 44; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 139ff.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 411f.; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 45; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian, Iraqi, Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Rozenfel�d 1956, 66ff., Lorimer/Lorimer 1918, No. 9; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 93ff., 236ff.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 214; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 70; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 187; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1991, No. 121; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, Nos. 58, 59; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 6; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 448, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Lacoste et al. 1965, No. 29, , Savignac 1978, No. 15, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 111, Nowak 1969, No. 448, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al.1967; Malagasy: Klipple 1992.","(D'umling, Petit Poucet, Svend Tomling, Pulgarcillo.) A childless couple wish for a child, however small he may be. They have a boy (by supernatural birth) the size of a thumb [F535.1]. Thumbling takes food to his father on the farm and drives the wagon (plow) by sitting in the horse's (ox's) ear [F535.1.1.1]. He allows himself to be sold to strangers and then runs away from them. He lets himself be sold to thieves and accompanies them while they steal. Thumbling either helps them or he betrays them by his shouting; he then robs the thieves. Cf. Type 1525E. He is swallowed by a cow [F911.3.1], talks from the cow's insides and reappears [F913] (in the sausage prepared from the intestines of the slaughtered cow [F535.1.1.8]). Someone takes the intestines (sausage) and, frightened by Thumbling's voice inside, throws them away. Thumbling is swallowed by a wolf (fox) who eats the intestines [F911.3.1]. He talks from the wolf's belly and the wolf becomes sick and frightens (warns) shepherds. The wolf dies (is killed) and Thumbling is rescued [F913], or he persuades the wolf to take him to his father's house [F535.1.1]. Cf. Type 327B.","Documented in England in the late 16th century. In variants from southern and southeastern Europe many very small children originate from peas because of a curse or a wish; most are killed, but one survives.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 210, 327, 327B, 327C, 715, 1115, 1525H4, and 1573*."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,701,The Giant's Toy,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 243ff.; Basset 1924ff. I, 165 No. 40; H�ttges 1931; Ranke 1934a, 39�51; H�ttges 1937, 172�184; Schwarzbaum 1968, 163; EM 11,2 (2004) 682�685 (S. Neumann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 500, Jauhiainen 1998, No. N701; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 225; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1973, No. 23, Kerbelyt 2001, 536; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 73; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 701*, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 55.1; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 5015; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 262ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1966, No. 20, Tomkowiak 1993, 254, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, Nos. 5, 17, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 41, Berger 2001, No. XI B6; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 6; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 291; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 239; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: Javorskij 1915, No. 2; Palestinian, Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","The giant's daughter takes a farmer with his plow and animals from a field, shows them to her father, and asks what sort of worms these are. The giant-father orders her to put the farmer back, because the farmer belongs to the race that will drive away the giants [F531.5.3].","Early literary version see Georg Rollenhagen, Froschmeuseler (II, 83ff.).",NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,703*,The Artificial Child,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 500; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Mordvin: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 24, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 68; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 24; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 128; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","An aged, childless couple build (carve) themselves a child from snow. When the child goes into the forest (jumps over a fire), it melts. Or a beautiful girl made from snow organizes a competition. She promises to marry any man who can overtake her on horseback, while she runs. By her magic actions (obstacles), she manages to leave all her suitors behind by magic actions (obstacles). The son of the emperor recognizes the magic, conjures the girl in the name of God to stop, and takes her up on his horseback. When they reach the top of a hill, the girl has disappearsed. In some variants the girl is made from gold and stays dumb until she is addressed by her name.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,704,Princess on the Pea,"Penzer 1924ff. VI, 290; BP III, 330�332; Christensen 1936; Scherf 1995 II, 838�840, 942�944; Dekker et al.1997, 282�285; Lundt 1999; Adam 2001; EM 10 (2002) 1334�1336 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Shojaei Kawan 2002a.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 85; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1949ff.; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 13; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 389ff.; Afghan: Jason 1988a; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. H41.1; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 34; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 121.","A prince wants to marry a true princess, but he cannot find one. One evening a young woman arrives at his palace pretending to be a true princess. The queen tests her by putting a pea under 20 (more or fewer) mattresses in her bed [H41.1]. The next morning the woman complains that she has slept badly because of something hard in her bed. Her sensitivity is proof that she is a real princess. The prince marries her at once. 705'712 The Banished Wife or Maiden",Popular Andersen tale: Prindsessen paa �rten (1835).,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,705A,Born from Fruit (Fish),"Zapperi 1984; EM 4 (1984) 1211�1218 (H. M. El-Shamy); El-Shamy 1988, 161f.; R�th 1998; El-Shamy 1999, No. 5, cf. No. 12.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 132; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 705; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 9; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Meier 1940, No. 56; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 66, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 705*; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. T578; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Italian: Keller 1963, 219ff., Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 513; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 27; Rumanian: cf. Kremnitz 1882, No. 10; Greek: Konomis 1962, No. 10, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1976, No. 28, Jason 1988a; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. II, No. 128; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 186, 192, 196; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 705A�; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 2; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 705A�; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 45, El-Shamy 2004, No. 705A�; Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 705A�; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, Nos. R13.3, T578; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. T578; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1961, II, No. 93; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 705A�.","A husband becomes pregnant [T578] by eating a magic fruit (fish) [T511.5.1] meant for his barren wife. He gives birth (from his knee [T541.16]) to a girl. The girl is abandoned and a bird rears her in a tree [R13.3]. A prince notices the reflected image of the (mute) girl in the water and falls in love with her. An old woman lures the girl down from the tree and she is captured and forced to marry the prince [N711]. The prince's mother mutilates his wife during his absence and chases her away [S410]. The girl is given supernatural help. The prince's mother disguises herself as his wife and they have sexual intercourse. The mother becomes pregnant and asks the servants to bring a special fruit. While looking for the fruit they hear a verse that reveals the truth, and they become mute. The prince himself looks for the fruit, learns the truth and is reunited with his wife. His mother is punished. Cf. Types 300A, 303, and 705B.",NA,"123, 300A, 303, and 706."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,705A*,The Banished Wife,,"Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 11; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 299, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 705*A; French: Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. C400; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 168; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992.",A prince grows tired of his wife because she cannot longer speak. He brings a new bride who insults the wife. The first wife starts to speak again. The prince rejects his new bride and lives with his first wife.,NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,705B,Born from Knee,"Zapperi 1984; EM 4 (1984) 1211�1218 (H. M. El-Shamy); El-Shamy 1988, 161f.; R�th 1998.","Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. T541.16; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 66ff.; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 35; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 124�127.","A man gives birth [T578] from his knee [T541.16] to several children. He puts them up in a tree and advises them not to lower the rope. A giant (wolf, other being) induces a child to lower the rope. The giant climbs up the tree and devours the children. When the father returns and realizes what has happened he fights with the giant and opens its belly (toe). All the children come out and become the ancestors of the various ethnic groups. Cf. Type 123.",NA,"123, 327B, 327C, 327F, and 327G."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,706,The Maiden without Hands,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 138f. No. 67, 139ff. No. 136, VI, 166ff. No. 327E; D�umling 1912; BP I, 18�21, 295�311; Basset 1924ff. II, 244 No. 24, III, 220 No. 127; Tubach 1969, No. 3035, cf. No. 3421; Bernier 1971; Ruelland 1973; Frenzel 1976, 239�254; Brbulescu 1978; Suard 1985; Herranen 1990; Velay-Vallantin 1992, 97�134; Scherf 1995 II, 793�797, 797�799, 800�807, 926�928, 1178�1181, 1335f., 1472�1477; EM 8 (1996) 1375�1387 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); Bennewitz 1996; Dekker et al. 1997, 242�245; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 95.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 133; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 84; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 43; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 4; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 197ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 197ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 145, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 31; Swiss: Uffer 1972, 196ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 47; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, Nos. 22, 32; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 59, 75, 87, 104; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 490ff., 499ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 24, 91, 162, 165, 239, 312, II, Nos. 415, 529, 558; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 211ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 26; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 445ff., III, 454f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 74 III (1�3, 5), 106 (8�15), 246; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 22, Jason 1975, No. *706, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 199, Assaf/Assaf 1978, No. 12, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 182, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 28; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 14, 65; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 59; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 452; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Ancelet 1994, No. 21; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 58; Egyptian: Brunner-Traut 1989, No. 12, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 182, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3497, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1123.","(Including the previous Type 706A.) A girl has her hands cut off [Q451.1, S11.1] because she refuses to marry her father [S322.1.2] (because her father has sold her to the devil [S211], forbids her to pray, her sister-in-law has slandered her to her brother). She is exposed in the forest and eats fruit from a garden. A king finds her in the forest (garden, stable, sea) and marries her [N711] in spite of her mutilation [L162]. She gives birth but is cast out along with her children, because her parents-in-law (father, mother, sister-in-law, devil) alter a letter from the king [K2117, K2110.1]. During her second banishment her hands grow back again [E782.1], usually restored by water (river, well, sea water), often with supernatural help (angel, saint, Virgin Mary, God). She is reunited with her husband [H57.5, S451]. Cf. Types 706C, 712.","Documented in the 13th century. Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (III,2).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 425, 510B, 707, 709, and 710."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,706B,The Chaste Nun (previously Present to the Lover),"Wesselski 1909, No. 66; BP I, 303; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 11; Rosenfeld 1953; Tubach 1969, No. 4744; Uther 1981, 37f., 119; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 213; EM 10 (2002) 72�78 (M. J. Lacarra Ducay).","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Goldberg 1998, Nos. T327.1, T333.3; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 201, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 7; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4744; Jewish: cf. Stephani 1998, No. 33; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Eskimo, North American Indian: Konitzky 1963, No. 57; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A young woman of noble birth (nun) mutilates herself (by cutting off her eyes, hands, breasts, hair) to prevent the persecutions of a lover. She sends her eyes which he had admired, to her lecherous lover (brother, nobleman, bishop) [T327.1]. (2) A man (priest) is tempted by the devil. He mutilates himself in order to keep his chastity (not to be tempted by the beauty of a [adopted] girl) [T333.3].",Early version in the Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka (6th century B.C.).,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,706C,The Father who Wanted to Marry his Daughter (previously Lecherous Father as Queen's Persecutor),Ruths 1897; Krappe 1937; Bratt� 1959; Verfasserlexikon 5 (1985) 1163�1166 (W. Fechter); EM 6 (1990) 767�772 (M. Heintze); EM 9 (1999) 53�55 (K. D�wel).,"Icelandic: cf. Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 4; Portuguese: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 41; Dutch, Flemish: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 310f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Bogdanovi 1930, No. 48; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 156 (5�8), 244 III (5, 6�7); Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 38, Jason 1988a; Siberian: Pu�kareva 1983; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","(The Patient Helena, Helena of Constantinople, Mai and Beaflor.) Father (priest) wants to marry his daughter. She escapes, marries a prince, and gives birth to children. Her father kills the children (child) and puts a knife under her pillow as false evidence of murder. Her husband, believing that she has killed her children, condemns her. Her children are resuscitated by a miracle, and she is reconciled with her husband. Cf. Types 706, 712.","Popular chapbook material. Variants are often called The Patient Helena, as in the medieval poem.",510B.
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,706D,St,"Kaufmann 1862, 117f.; ZfVk. 30�32 (1920�22) 75f.; BP III, 241�244; Wesselski 1928a, 64�70; Wesselski 1928c; HDA 5 (1932/33) 807�810 (A. Wrede); HDM 2 (1934�40) 579�581; Schn�rer/Ritz 1934; D�rrer 1962; Gorissen 1968; Spranger 1980; Williams-Krapp 1986, 430; Schroubek 1988; Just 1991, 75�79; EM 7 (1993) 1174; EM 8 (1996) 604�607 (P. Spranger); Schweizer-V�llers 1997; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1081�1083 (K. Kunze).","Irish: Sz�v�rffy 1957, 137ff.; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 187, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. *784; German: Birlinger 1874 I, 498, EM 4 (1984) 1349f., Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 II, No. 66, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 330; Swiss: Niderberger 1978, 779f., M�ller/Walker 1987, No. 227; Austrian: Graber 1944, 282, Kretzenbacher 1953, Fielhauer/Fielhauer 1975, No. 766.","Wilgefortis and Her Beard. A pagan king promises his daughter (Wilgefortis, Liberta, Ontkommer, K'mmernis), who is a Christian, in marriage to another pagan king who has conquered his country. The daughter wants only to become a bride of the crucified Christ. In order to evade the forced marriage she prays to God to alter her appearance (cf. Type 706B), and suddenly she grows a beard. Her angry father has her nailed to a cross, so that she will be like her beloved. As she dies, she prays for all who suffer pain or sorrow. Her father's palace burns down. In some versions (The Shoe of St. Anthony) an old musician (fiddler) plays for the crucified woman before she dies. She (her picture) thanks him by giving him her gold (silver) shoe (ring) [D1622.3]. The shoe is discovered in the possession of the musician, who is condemned as a thief. On his way to the gallows he asks to be allowed to play again in the collonade of the church. As soon as he begins to play, the holy picture of the crucified woman drops the other shoe for him, thus proving his innocence.",Documented in the Netherlands at the end of the 14th century. The musician�s miracle first appeared ca. 1200 in Tumbeor Nostre Dame.,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,707,The Three Golden Children (previously The Three Golden Sons),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 11ff. No. 8, VII, 95ff. No. 375; Cosquin 1908; Hertel 1909; Huet 1910f.; BP II, 380�394; Anderson 1927 I, No. 9, II, No. 50; Amshof 1929; Wesselski 1938f., 167�169; Hor�lek 1968; Rapallo 1975ff.; Scherf 1995 I, 27�29, 204�209, 228f., 470�476, II, 811�816, 1137�1139; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 356, 382; EM: S�hne: Die drei goldenen S. (forthcoming)","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 134; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 85; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 23, Holbek 1990, No. 22; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 235, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 254, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 96, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, Nos. 54, 65; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 23; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 7; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 2, De Simone 1994, No. 34; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 52; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 707, 707*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 499ff., II 1, 192ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 25, 119, 121, 254, 266, II, Nos. 371, 471, 524, 565; Slovene: Tomai 1943, 189f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 49; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 591ff., II, 454, III, 415f, 455f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 707, *707C, *707D, Koceva 2002, Nos. 707, *707C, *707D; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 2; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 59; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 67; Russian: SUS, Nos. 707, 707*; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 707, 707*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 239; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 707, **707B; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 383ff., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 18; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 181, 214, 220�224; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 7; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 173, 174, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Jordanian, Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 34, 99; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 14; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 41, 42; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 97, 97a; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 173, 174, El-Shamy 1980, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Kossmann 2000, 116ff.; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3743, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 174, Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1125; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 3.2.533, 4.707.","Three girls boast that if they marry the king [N201] they will have triplets with golden hair [H71.2, H71.3], a chain around the neck [H71.7], and a star on the forehead [H71.1]. The king overhears the youngest and marries her [L162, N455.4]. When she gives birth to three marvelous children the elder sisters substitute animals (dogs) [K2115]. She is imprisoned (banished) [K2110.1, S410], her children are exposed [S142, S301] but are rescued by a miller [R131.2] (fisherman [R131.4]). When they have grown up, the eldest son sets out to find his father [H1381.2.2.1], to seek a speaking bird [H1331.1.1], a singing tree [H1333.1.1], or the water of life [H1320, H1321.1, H1321.4, H1321.5]. He and his brother both fail and are transformed to marble columns [D231.2]. The sister, with the help of an old woman [N825.3], succeeds in rescuing them [R158] and in bringing back the magic objects. The attention of the king is drawn to the children and the magic objects [H151.1]. The bird of truth reveals the whole story [B131.2, K1911.3.1]. The children and their mother are restored; the sisters are punished [Q261, S451].","Documented in 1550 by Straparola, Piacevoli notti (IV,3) and in an Arab version in the 1001 Nights.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 451, 706, 709, and also 303, 313, 400, 425, 510A, 550, 551, and 981."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,708,The Wonder Child,"BP II, 236f., 286f.; Wesselski 1925, No. 53; Scherf 1995 I, 569�572, II, 1196�1198; R�th 1998; EM: Wunderkind (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 135; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 86; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 7, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 85; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: cf. Briggs 1970f. A I, 388ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 173ff., Jech 1984, No. 46; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 69; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 388ff., 394, MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II.","Through the magic power of her evil stepmother, a princess gives birth to a monster (Wonder-Child) and is banished [S441]. The monster-child uses its magic powers to help its mother [D1717.1] and forces a prince to marry her. The monster asks the prince to cut off its head whereupon it turns into a prince [D741, D741.1] [L112.1]. Cf. Type 711.",Most variants are from northern and central Europe.,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,709,Snow White,"B�klen 1910f.; BP I, 450�464; L�thi 1969a, 56�69, 117�130; Bausinger 1980; Jones 1983; Jones 1990; Ruf 1995; Scherf 1995 I, 197�201, II, 819�821, 982�986, 1127�1133, 1427�1433; Uther 1995a; Dekker et al. 1997, 334�339; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 43�57; EM: Schneewittchen (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 136; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 87; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 28; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 51; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 145, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 51, Tomkowiak 1993, 254f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 53; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 85, X, No. 9; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 56, De Simone 1994, No. 40; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 76; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 24, II, No. 369; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 62ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 22; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 709, *7091, *7092, Koceva 2002, Nos. 709, *7091, *7092; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 60 IV, 152 IV, 167; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 494, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 161; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 187; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 187. El-Shamy 2004; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; French-American: Lacourci�re 1976; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Bolivian, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 43; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 28; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 139, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean, East African, Congolese: Klipple 1992.","Snow White has a skin white as snow and lips red as blood [Z65.1]. A magic mirror tells her stepmother that Snow White is more beautiful than she [D1323.1, D1311.2, L55, M312.4]. The jealous stepmother orders a hunter to kill Snow White [S322.2], but he substitutes an animal's heart and saves her [K512.2]. Snow White goes to a house of dwarfs (robbers) [N831.1] who adopt Snow White as their sister [F451.5.1.2]. The stepmother now attempts to kill her by means of poisoned lace [D1364.16, S111.2], a poisoned comb [D1364.9, S111.3] and a poisoned apple [D1364.4.1, S111.4]. The dwarfs succeed in reviving the maiden from the first two poisonings but fail with the third. They lay her in a glass coffin [F852.1]. A prince resuscitates her and marries her [E21.1, E21.3]. The stepmother is made to dance herself to death in red hot shoes [Q414.4].",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 451, 706, and also 403, 408, 450, 480, 707, and 883A."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,709A,The Sister of Nine Brothers (previously The Stork's Daughter),,"Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Jason 1965, Gamlieli 1978, 402ff.; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 166; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 17; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Algerian: Savignac 1978, No. 6.","A girl goes into the forest to search for her nine brothers and stays with them (an abandoned child is reared in the forest by two storks [S352]). After they leave their sister in a tree, her fire goes out. Searching for fire, she is finally given some by an ogress. Later the ogress follows the ashes that the girl has dropped [J1146] and tries to kill her. The girl steps on poisoned nails (tooth, bone) left by the ogress and dies. Her brothers (storks) put her in a glass case. When a prince removes the nails (tooth, bone), the girl is resuscitated and marries the prince.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,710,Our Lady's Child,"BP II, 13�21; Schweickert 1924; Seifert 1952; Schwarzbaum 1968, 224f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 4697, 5277; Schmitz 1972; Moser 1977, 76�82; Moser 1982, 99�103; Bottigheimer 1987; Bottigheimer 1990; Tatar 1990, 27f.; EM 7 (1993) 1247�1253 (L. R�hrich); Scherf 1995 I, 210�213, 534�536, II, 847�853, 918�922, 931�933, 1444f.; Schmidt 1999; EM 9 (1999) 336�342 (D. Drascek); Hansen 2002, 316�327.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 137; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 88; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 255, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 3; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 7; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 11; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 55ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 16; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 47, 297, 314, II, Nos. 449, 479, 550, 565, 566; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 28ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 69; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 154 V; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 221ff., El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 29; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A father (unwittingly) promises his daughter to a supernatural figure [S211, S240, S242]. The Virgin Mary (Christ, saint) or a black woman (wicked stepmother, witch, sorcerer) takes the child into heaven (church, castle) or away in a black coach [V271]. The girl looks into a forbidden room [C611], where she sees God (Christ, Virgin Mary), and her hair and finger become golden [C911]. Or, she sees enchanted men (black virgins, skeletons). The girl obstinately denies what she has seen, is struck dumb [J213, Q451.3, C944] and banished into the wilderness. She marries a king [N711.1] and gives birth to three children. The Virgin Mary (foster-mother, stepmother, mother-in-law) takes away her children [G261] and the queen is accused of infanticide [K2116.1.1]. When she is to be burned to death on the stake, the queen finally acknowledges her guilt [H13.2, D2025.1, H215] (by keeping silence she delivers the black woman). She is rescued from death and from her dumbness and her children are given back to her.","Spread throughout Europe and in parts of America. Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,8).",894.
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,711,The Beautiful and the Ugly Twinsisters,"Sehmsdorf 1989; Scherf 1995 I, 667�670, II, 1409�1411, 1451�1454.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 18; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 344ff.; Spanish: Meier 1940, No. 49; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. D732; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 26; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav 1953, No. 85; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 17; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Lemieux 1974ff. XI, No. 13; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966.","A childless queen is advised by a witch how to have a child, but she breaks a condition connected with the advice [T548.2, C152]. She has two girls, a very beautiful one and a deformed one (with an animal's head) [T551.3]. The ugly sister always assists the handsome one [L145.1] and finally marries a prince. On the wedding day she is transformed and becomes as pretty as her sister [D732, D1860]. Cf. Types 433B, 480, and 708.",NA,"306, 720."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,712,Crescentia,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 154f. No. 321, 159f. No. 323, 166ff. No. 327E; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 392, 582; Wallensk�ld 1907; BP I, 18 not. 1; Ohly 1968; Schwarzbaum 1968, 34, 445; Baasch 1968; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 1898; Frenzel 1976, 246ff.; Hatami 1977, No. 52; EM 3 (1981) 167�173 (H.-J. Uther); EM 5 (1987) 1003�1009 (K. Vanja); cf. EM 6 (1990) 767�772 (M. Heintze); Schmidt 1999; EM 9 (1999) 53�55 (K. D�wel); Davis 2002, 105�109; Ritter 2003, 366�369; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 163, 306, 512.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 243, 260, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; German: Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 538; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Czech: cf. Dvo�k 1978, No. 1898; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 239, II, Nos. 415, 479, 565; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 714; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 40, Jason 1965, No. 712*A, Jason 1975; Syrian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Lacourci�re 1976; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 21; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 44; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","When her husband the emperor is away, Crescentia is accused of adultery [K2110.1, K2112] by her lecherous brother-in-law (she locks him in a tower to escape his advances). She is rescued from death (drowning) by a fisherman and nurses the child of a duke. When she rejects a seducer, her foster-child is killed in revenge. She is accused of murder [K2110.1, K2135.1, K2116.1.1.1] and banished again. Once again she is rescued (by St. Peter) from drowning. Crescentia developes miraculous healing powers and reaches a high position. Her husband and the various men whose love she has rejected come to her for healing. She is recognized by her husband (the emperor) [H151.8, S451], and they go to live in a monastery (convent). Cf. Types 706C, 883A, and 887.","Tale with legendary traits. The origin of the tale seems to be oriental. First occidental version with the title Crescentia is found in the Kaiserchronik (1135/50). Similar variants followed: Colmarer Crescentia, end of 12th century (miracle-version) and Crescentia, end of 13th century.","881, 883A."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,713,The Mother who Did not Bear Me but Nourished Me,"Delarue 1959; Belmont 1984; Grimalt 1986, 46�53; EM 2 (1979) 792�794 (M.-L. Ten�ze).","Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 209, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 717*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 717*; France: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 713, 717, Arnaudin 1966, No. 64; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 717*.","(Including the previous Type 717*.) A stepdaughter is falsely accused of bearing her sister's illegitimate child [K2112] and she and the child are expelled [S410]. Wherever they go, famine ceases and magic abundance comes [D1652.1, D2081]. But famine comes to places they have left [D2157.1]. Later the truth is revealed by the child's behavior [H151.11, cf. H481.1].",NA,"706, 708."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,715,Demi-cock,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 164 No. 176; BP I, 258f.; Boggs 1933; EM 6 (1990) 396�401 (U. Marzolph); Scherf 1995 I, 554f.; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 107�109.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 138; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 122a, 124(4,5), 147; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 17, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 51; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 23; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 151ff., III, 377f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Lambertz 1922; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 33, 54, Alptekin 1994, Nos. 40, 42; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 1111, B241.2.5, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, No. 20; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Longchamps 1955, No. 3.","Demi-cock (half-chick) [B171.1] leaves home in order to claim back a borrowed (stolen) object (money). On his way he meets animals (fox, wolf) and a river. He takes them along by swallowing them (carries them under his wings) [B435.1, F601.7, D915.2, F601.7]. When claiming the money from his debtor, Demi-cock is imprisoned with animals who try to kill him. Fox and wolf eat the attacking animals, and when Demi-cock is thrown into a fire, the river extinguishes it [D1382.8]. Finally Demi-cock obtains the money [K481] by swallowing. At home he is beaten by his owner (king) and expells the money (he is eaten by his owner and crows from his stomach [B171.1.1]). Cf. Type 715A.",NA,"130, 235C*, 565, and 715A."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,715A,The Wonderful Rooster,"BP I, 258 f.; Boggs 1933; EM 6 (1990) 396�401 (U. Marzolph); Scherf 1995 I, 554f.; R�th 1998.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 715, 715A, 715(A)*, 715B*, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 59; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 9, Eschker 1992, No. 52; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Russian: SUS, Nos. 715, 715A, 715A*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 146, 147; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","An old couple (old man, old woman) have a rooster and a hen. The rooster lays no eggs and is driven away. He mocks the king and is sentenced to be drowned, but instead drinks all the water. He is supposed to be roasted but extinguishes the fire with the water he has drunk. He is locked in the treasury and swallows all the money. Back home he defecates the money [B103.1] onto a sheet (for the old man). (The old woman sends her hen to do the same, but the animal only produces dung instead of money.)",NA,"219E*, 565, and 715."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,716*,The Unbearable Satiety (previously The Value of a Stomach),,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian: SUS, No. 716**; Byelorussian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.",A man complains that he is a mere slave of his stomach. God takes away his intestines and the man feels sated without eating. After a while the life becomes boring to the man and he asks God to give him back his hunger. He recovers his stomach [J2072.4].,NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,720,The Juniper Tree (previously My Mother Slew Me; My Father Ate Me),"BP I, 412�423; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; cf. EM 1 (1977) 125�127 (K. Ranke); Nagy 1979; Belgrader 1980a; Scherf 1987, 90�103; Tatar 1990, 193�216; Belmont 1993; Scherf 1995 II, 1152�1156, 1316�1320, 1347f., 1352f.; Dekker et al. 1997; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Totenvogel (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 139; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 148; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 59; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 378f., 414, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 5; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 283, 441f., 472f., 473, 476f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Clementina 1946, 33; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 21; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. D4, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 47, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 66; Swiss: M�ller et al. 1926ff. I, Nos. 98, 99; Austrian: Vernaleken 1858, 325f., Haiding 1953, 470; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 36; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 105f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 38, II, Nos. 480, 527; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 51f.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 460ff., III, 456f.; Bulgarian: Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 70; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 24; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 14; Syrian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 720, 720A�; Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti, Qatar: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 720A�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 329, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Baughman 1966; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American, African American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Bolivian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Zoulim 1992, 116ff., El-Shamy 2004; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1128.","A childless couple wishes for a child. A boy is born but his mother dies. The little boy is slain by his cruel stepmother who closes the lid of an apple chest on him [S121]. She cooks him and serves him to his father who eats him unwittingly [G61]. The boy's stepsister gathers up his bones and puts them under a juniper tree [E607.1]. A bird comes forth and sings about what happened. It brings presents to the father and the sister and drops a millstone to the stepmother, killing her [Q412]. The boy is resuscitated [E30, E610.1.1, E613.0.1]. Cf. Type 780.",Documented in the early 19th century. Single basic motifs are older (classical origin).,780.
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,725,Prophecy of Future Sovereignty (previously The Dream),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 430f.; BP I, 324f.; Wesselski 1925, No. 35; Vries 1928; Krohn 1931a, 95; Tubach 1969, No. 293 (D1812.3.3.); Scherf 1995 I, 224�226, II, 1217�1220; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1413�1419 (A. Schmitt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 140; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 149; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 35; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 96, II, Nos. 301, 335, Cardigos (forthcoming); Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. D1812.3.3, cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 43; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. D1812.3.3; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 46; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 725, 725A*, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 109, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 364; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1929f. II, 173ff.; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 266ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 38; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 50; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 32; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 725, 725A*, Koceva 2002, Nos. 725, *725A; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Russian: SUS, Nos. 725, 725A*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 197, 214 IV, 257 IV; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Haboucha 1992, No. **725A; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989, No. 725A*; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, Nos. 725, 725A*; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 231; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 15; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 123; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Polynesian, New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, No. D1812.3.3; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. D1812.3.3; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A clever boy refuses to tell his dream (about his future sovereignty) [M312.0.1, D1812.3.3] to his father and to the king. He is punished and endures various adventures (imprisonment) [L425]. A princess nourishes him in prison. War is to be declared on the emperor if he is not able to solve two riddles and a task. The clever boy solves the riddles and the task, tells the answers to the princess, and is freed from prison. So the boy averts war, marries the princess [H551], and finally receives two kingdoms.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 314, 513A, sometimes of 321, 517, 518, 592, and 671."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,726,The Three Old Men (previously The Oldest on the Farm),"Bolte 1897b, 205�207; BP II, 400; Hartmann 1936, 55; EM 1 (1977) 383�387 (H. Lixfeld); Schwarzbaum 1979, 361.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 212f., 346f., B II, 102f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 726*, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 36; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 216ff., B II, 102f.; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 285; Spanish: RE 5 (1965) No. 65, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 739; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 255, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, Nos. 362, 363, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 236; Swiss: Sooder 1929, 102; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 47; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 59; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, Nos. 90, 98; Jewish: Noy 1968, No. 3, Bin Gorion 1990, Nos. 27, 46; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1960, No. 37; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 11; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 11; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *726; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 23; African American: Dorson 1956, 181, Baughman 1966.","(Including the previous Type 726*.) A wayfarer meets an old man (four or more [relatives]), is referred to an older one and finally to a third very old one [F571.2]. Or, three very old men are asked to solve a problem. The oldest man, who looks the youngest, explains that a man's appearance depends on the behavior of his wife. In other variants an Irishman goes to Scandinavia and meets an old man, his father and his grandfather. (Previously Type 726*.) The Irishman obtains certain objects and food that make him see hidden things. When he eats the meat his vision vanishes. Cf. Type 836F*.",Documented in the 16th century.,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,729,The Merman's Golden Axe (previously The Axe Falls into the Stream),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 V, 156, VII, 249f.; BP II, 227, III, 192; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 149; EM 1 (1977) 1109f. (W. Eberhard); Schwarzbaum 1979, xlv; cf. Grayson 2002; Hansen 2002, 42�44.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 502; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, Nos. 39a, 39b, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; English: Addy 1895, No. 32; French: Seignolle 1946, No. 101; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. Q3.1; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Taubmann 1887, No. 3, Tomkowiak 1993, 256; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 295; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 17, Jech 1984, No. 48; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 105ff.; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 20, Korean: Choi 1979, No. 475; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 45; El-Shamy 2004.","A woodcutter drops his axe in a river (pool). A supernatural being (merman) exhibits a golden and then a silver axe. The man rejects both because they do not belong to him [Q3.1]; he only accepts his own. The two other axes are then given to him as a gift. A greedy imitator, who pretends to be the owner of the golden and the silver axe, does not get either and loses his own.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 453f. No. 173).",NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,735,The Rich Man's and the Poor Man's Fortune,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 90, 261, 264, 272; EM 5 (1987) 1305�1312 (E. Blum); Anderson 2000, 80�82.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 99, 141; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 138; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 46; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 90; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 13, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 93, Eschker 1992, No. 17; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 54, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 24; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 183, 185, 186, 196, 221, Pilikova 1992, No. 14; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966, II, 463ff., 466ff., III, 457f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 28; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, Nos. 46, 73, 102; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 314; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 31; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II.","One of two brothers (farmers) becomes rich, because his fortune works for him, whereas the other becomes poor. The (personified) fortune of the rich one tells the poor brother that his fortune is lazy (asleep). The poor brother beats it of (wakes it up) and learns that he should change his profession. He becomes a successful merchant [N181]. Cf. Types 460B, 735A, 736, 947, and 947A.",NA,"564, 735A, 947A, and 954."
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,735A,Bad Luck Imprisoned,"BP II, 420�422; Schwarzbaum 1968, 261f., 264�266; EM 5 (1987) 1305�1312 (E. Blum).","Estonian: Jannsen 1888, No. 55; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Konkka 1959, 174; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 5; English: Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 53; German: Behrend 1912, No. 15; Austrian: Haller 1912, 21ff.; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 332F*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 101; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 105, Sirov�tka 1980, No. 21; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 66, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 92; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 14; Rumanian: Dima 1944, No. 26, B�rlea 1966 II, 466ff., III, 458; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 331A, 331B, Bukowska-Grosse/Koschmieder 1967, No. 19, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 43; Russian: SUS, Nos. 735A, 735A*, 735A**; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 735A, 735A***; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 735A, 735A****; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 332F*, 735A; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 332F*, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 332F*.","(Including the previous Type 332F*.) A poor brother leaves home to find better luck in another place, but his personified bad luck (poverty) [N112] wants to go with him. On a pretext the man locks up the bad luck in a bottle (bag, chest) [N112.1] or buries (drowns) it (and from then on lives happily [previously Type 332F*]). When his rich brother frees the bad luck out of jealousy, it attaches itself to him because it is afraid of the clever poor brother. Cf. Types 507, 735, 736, 947, and 947A.",Type 735A occurs mainly in eastern Europe and the Baltic.,735.
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,736,Luck and Wealth,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 32 No. 202; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90, 261�263, 270; EM 5 (1987) 1305�1312 (E. Blum); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 96, 352.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 736*; Lithuanian: Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 18; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Cascudo 1944, 122ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 63; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 402ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 552; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 97; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 119; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 736, *736, *7361; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 139; Jewish: Jason 1965, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 91; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 64, MNK X 1; Georgian: F�hnrich 1995, No. 31; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 2; Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Rassool 1964, 125ff.; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 34; Mexican: Rael 1957 I, No. 93; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 351ff.","A rich and a poor friend make a wager: Does wealth come from hard work or from good luck In order to test their theories, the rich man gives money to a poor craftsman. The first time the money is stolen by a bird, the second time his wife spends it. The poor man gives the craftsman a piece of lead which a fisherman uses as weight for his net. He receives from him the first fish he catches and in its body he finds a jewel [N421]. This proves that fortune is more powerful. When the poor man recovers his luck, the lost money which was given to him by the rich man is often found in a nest or in a jug. Cf. Types 745, 745A, 945, and 945A*.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,736A,The Ring of Polycrates,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 15ff. No. 10, 141 No. 68, VI, 32 No. 202; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 209; Wesselski 1909, No. 146; Saintyves 1912, 1�32; Basset 1924ff. III, 508 No. 308; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 635; BP IV, 332f., 392; K�nzig 1934; Schwarzbaum 1965, 261, 270, 477; Tubach 1969, Nos. 3835, 4102; Schwarzbaum 1979, 546; Geer 1984; Dekker et al. 1997, 396�400; EM 10 (2002) 1164�1168 (R. W. Brednich); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 255, 352.","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. F261; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 836; Norwegian: Liest�l 1922, 65, 106, Christiansen 1958, No. 7050; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 440; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. N211.1; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 1986, 107f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi 1998, 123f.; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1984, 8, 287, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 240; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. N211.1; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 182, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 416; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, Nos. 3835, 4102; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1978; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 257; Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *930D; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 948; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 265; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 842A, 842B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 164, Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 86; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 219, El-Shamy 2004; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, 133, Klipple 1992, No. 841; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 119; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) When King Amasis learns about the military success of Polycrates he advises him not to provoke the jealousy of the gods. As sign of his humility he should throw away the thing he likes most. Thereupon Polycrates throws his most precious ring into the sea. Some days later a fish is given to him in which the ring is found [N211.1]. (2) Because she is haughty (annoyed at a beggar) a rich woman (landlord, businessman) throws her ring into the sea (river, lake) saying, 'As improbable as it is that I will see this ring again, so improbable it is that I will ever become poor'. The ring is returned to her and a short time later she becomes poor. Cf. Types 745, 745A, 836, 930A, and 933.","Classical origin (1): Herodotus (III, 40�43).",NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,737,Who Will Be her Future Husband On New Year's Eve (Christmas Eve) a young woman foresees her future husband [D1825,HDS 1 (1961�63) 521�523; EM 9 (1999) 593; EM 10 (2002) 309�312 (R. Alsheimer).,"Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. C611; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 42; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; German: Rehermann 1977, 155 No. 23, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 115, Neumann 1991, No. 121; US-American: Baughman 1966.","1], a soldier. When the apparition leaves, she manages to keep his sabre (sword). When the soldier comes home, they marry. Later he finds his sword in a chest. He (nearly) kills his wife (and himself) with the sword because he had suffered so much from the loss of his weapon.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,737B*,The Lucky Wife,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 260f.","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. II, No. 41, Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 71 No. 1.1.2.12; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 95, Eschker 1992, No. 17; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 182, 192; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994, 241f.; Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 32 (1964) 33ff.","This miscellaneous type includes various tales dealing with a luckless man who becomes successful in all his undertakings when he marries a lucky woman and profits from her luck [N251.5]. Cf. Types 460B, 677, and 986.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,739*,The Luck-bringing Animal (previously The Luckless Son and His Wizard Father),NA,NA,"The children of a luckless family find a luck-bringing animal (dog). The (old) father (grandfather) orders it to be killed (destroyed), but the children eat its meat and become fortunate [N251.6]. Variants/Literature: Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 70 No. 1.1.2.7; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo'evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 96, 97; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 739**, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1994, 246f.; Russian: cf. SUS, No. 739**.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,740**,The Brother (the Poor Man) about to Hang Himself Finds a Treasure (previously The Brother to Hang Himself),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 187; Montanus/Bolte 1899, 584�586; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 709; Weinreich 1951; Granger 1977, No. a.4.1.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 910D*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Braga 1914f. I, 88, 172; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 11; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A rich greedy man, asked for help by his poor brother, gives him instead of money a rope and advises him to hang himself. The poor brother chooses a tree under which the rich man has buried money. When he tries to hang himself, the tree snaps at ground level and he discovers the treasure [N528]. The rich brother, having lost his treasure, hangs himself. Cf. Type 910D.","Important literary treatment, see La Fontaine, Fables (IX,16), early form documented in the Seven Wise Men (Babrius/Perry 1965, No. 405).",NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,745,Hatch-penny,"Ward 1883 II, 234, 447; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 128 No. 137; Schwarzbaum 1968, 77; EM 6 (1990) 640�645 (J. van der Kooi); Hansen 2002, 188�190.","Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 745; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Jurkschat 1898, No. 48, Balys 1936, No. 3650; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 2000b, 96; German: Kuhn/Schwartz 1848, No. 24, Berger 2001, No. XII G 6; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 191; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *745*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 3151; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 745*; Jewish: Noy 1963b, No. 19, Jason 1988a; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *745*; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 154ff.; Chinese: cf.Ting 1978, No. 745*; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with money (treasure) that always returns to its owner or brings bad luck to anyone who steals it [D1288, D1602.11, N212]. Cf. Type 745A.",NA,NA
Other Tales Of The Supernatural,NA,NA,745A,The Predestined Treasure,"Ward 1883 II, 234, 447; Chauvin 1892ff. II, No. 137; Herbert 1910 III, No. 61; Schwarzbaum 1968, 77, 261, 269f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 3613, 4954; EM 6 (1990) 640�645 (J. van der Kooi).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 745; Danish: Kristensen 1897, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 268; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 154, Rehermann 1977, 137; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 72f.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 193, IV, No. 376; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 472ff., 480ff., III, 459f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3613; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 125, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 3151; Russian: SUS, No. 8342; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 8342; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 131; Jewish: Gaster 1924, Nos. 377, 423, Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 64; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: cf. Thompson/Balys 1958, No. N351; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 745A, 745A1; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 930C, 930D, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 841; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A miser finds money (treasure), but a voice tells him that it is predestined for someone else. The miser hides it in a hollow tree and throws it into the sea (loses it in a flood). A fisherman finds the treasure and gives it to a smith (a smith finds it when working). The former owner pays a visit to the finder and tells his story. The finder gives him three pastries (caskets), one filled with earth, one with bones and one with the treasure. The miser choses the wrong one. Thereupon the new owner tries to repay the miser and gives him a cake with the money inside. The miser pays for other goods with it and finally, after other events, the money reaches the predestined owner again [N212]. Cf. Types 736, 736A, 745, 841, 947, 947A, 961, and 961B.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 109).","753*, 947A."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920,The Son of the King and the Son of the Smith,"Pypin 1854; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 86 No. 26 not. 1; Vries 1928, 40�42, 320�335; Wesselski 1929a; Reuschel 1966; Schwarzbaum 1968, 207f., 216, 294; Dvo�k/Hor�lek 1969, 107�119; EM 1 (1977) 80�82; EM 8 (1996) 23�25 (K.-H. Golzio); Krikmann 1996, 51�80; Hansen 2002, 408�414; EM: Sohn des K�nigs und Sohn des Schmieds (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 129; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. K551.3; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 537, 543; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 920, cf. No. 921A*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 302; Jewish: Jason 1965; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Because her young (unborn) son calls his mother a whore [J125.2.1, T575.1], the queen commands that the child (the young Solomon) be killed [S301]. The child asks the servant for mercy; he is not killed [K512] but raised by a smith. In order that her husband should not discover this deceit, the queen takes the smith's son as her own [K1921.1]. During their childhood, the two boys play along with others. In their game, Solomon stands out because, playing the part of the king [J123, P35], he convicts one of the boys as a traitor. Or, the smith's son speaks of farming matters, but Solomon speaks of military affairs. His father the king (in person or through a messenger) tests the boy's wisdom with impossible tasks or difficult questions [H921]. Or, the boy (often acting as a shepherd [K1816.6]) makes wise judgments or observations that reveal his royal origin [H41.5]. His intelligent answers show him to be the son of the king. Cf. esp. Types 875, 921, and 922. In some variants an additional episode may follow, but more often this is a separate tale: Solomon's wife elopes with a rival king. Solomon goes to retrieve her. He is captured but is permitted to blow his horn three times before his death [K551.3]. This was a prearranged signal, and his army comes and rescues him.",This type includes the ancient theme of the Boy King.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 875 and 921."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920A,The Case of the Boiled Eggs (previously The Daughter of the King and the Son of the Peasant),"BP II, 368f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 807; Vries 1928, 297f.; HDM 1 (1930�33) 12; EM 1 (1977) 81f.; EM 10 (2002) 1454�1460 (C. Goldberg).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: B�dker et al. 1963, 37ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 29; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Ranke 1972, No. 144; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 211; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 537, 543; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 34; Rumanian: Schullerus 1929, No. 921 III*; Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 104; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 75; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 35, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 245; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 295; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 329, Jason 1975, No. 920 *E, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 21; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 23; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 354ff.; Iranian: Mass� 1925, No. 25, Marzolph 1984, No. 821B, cf. No. *302B; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A princess as baby is secretly exchanged by her mother with the son of a farmwife [K1921.1], because the king has threatened to kill her if she does not give birth to a boy. Later the king has to judge a case: A merchant who bought forty eggs before a journey, intends to pay for them after his return. But he is asked to pay for the value of all the chickens and their offspring that would have hatched from the eggs [J1191.2]. The king does not know how to judge the case, and by chance overhears the exchanged children playing a game, the case of the boiled eggs [H1023.1.1] (cf. Type 821B). The princess plays the role of the king and points out that chickens could never hatch from boiled eggs. The king adopts the girl's decision [J123]. Finally the children's identity is discovered and they are reexchanged. Cf. Types 821B, 875, and 875E.","The motif, or the episode, of the comparison of hatching chickens from boiled eggs with the sewing of boiled seed was probably adopted from the Jewish tradition (cf. Type 821B).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920A*,The Inquisitive King,"Tubach 1969, No. 125.","Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 85, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: EM 7 (1993) 476, EM 8 (1996) 188; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927 I, No. 66; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *920*; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 125; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 43; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 733; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","Solomon states that all women could be seduced (are more stupid than men), even his mother. He proves his statement by sending a servant to seduce her. In order to test her chastity Solomon disguises himself and goes in place of the servant to the meeting point [N383.3]. When his mother is about to commit incest with her own son, she realizes the deception and curses him: He cannot die until he has measured the height of the sky and the depth of the sea (before having gone around the earth and to the bottom of the sea). Thereupon Solomon vainly attempts to measure the height of the sky and the depth of the sea [L414.1]. On the back of a bird he flies to the sun, but the bird's wings are burned and he falls down (eagles take him up to the sky and let him fall down, the curse becomes true.) He sits inside a box fixed to a chain, and tells a woman to lower it down to the bottom of the sea. Unfortunately a crayfish cuts the chain. In some variants his measuring is successful. On an old woman's back he rides to the stars, and devils save him from the submerged box. Cf. Types 823A*, 922.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920B,The Birds Chosen by the Sons of the King (previously What Kind of Bird),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 154 No. 24; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 677; Taylor 1965b; EM: Vogelwahl der K�nigss�hne (in prep.).","Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 79; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 130; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 61ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 34; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 29; Syrian, Palestinian, Libyan, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A king asks his three sons what kind of bird they would prefer to be. The first chooses an eagle, because it is ruler of birds. The second chooses a falcon, because it is beloved of the nobles. The third says that he would like to be a bird that flies with many others, so as to receive advice. The king chooses the third son as the next king, because as a ruler he would always seek advice [J412.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920B*,The Lineage of the King's Three Sons,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 163 No. 63, VIII, 131 No. 122; Schwarzbaum 1968, 206, 210.","Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 167f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 80; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 372, Noy 1963a, No. 29; Georgian: Finger 1939, 197; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 15, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Jahn 1970, No. 46, El-Shamy 2004.","A captive king interrogates the three sons of the king who has captured him as to how they will treat him (he gives them riddles). From their answers he learns their real descent. One of the sons is from a family of executioners (bakers), the other one from butchers, while only the third son is from the royal family.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920C,Shooting at the Father's Corpse as a Test of Paternity,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 562f.; Wesselski 1909, No. 6; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 835; BP IV, 331f.; Goebel 1932, 167�179; Schmidt 1963, 63�69, 370�372; Schwarzbaum 1968, 208f., 216, 294, 474; Tubach 1969, No. 1272; cf. Fabula 16 (1975) 80�88; EM: Schu� auf den toten K�nig (forthcoming).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 206; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 87, Boberg 1966, No. H486.2; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 657ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Goldberg 1998, No. H486.2; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 120, II, No. 314, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1465; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 373, Rehermann 1977, 143f., 315 No. 73, 357f. No. 9, Moser-Rath 1984, 287f., Tomkowiak 1993, 261; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 203, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 404; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1272; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 39; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 294, cf. BFP, No. 920C*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 311, Bin Gorion 1990, Nos. 22, 110, 247, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, No. 920C*�A, Jason 1988a, No. 920C, Haboucha 1992, No. 920C�920*B; Chinese: Ting 1978, 920C1; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 86, El-Shamy 2004.","In order to determine the true heir (his own son) among his three sons, a dying king (rich man) requires that each should shoot at his corpse. The youngest refuses to shoot (at his heart) [L13] and is therefore judged the only genuine son of his dead father; the two others are determined to be illegitimate and are disinherited [H486.2].",The tale originates of Babylonian Talmud (Baba Batra 58a).,655.
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920C*,The Choice of a Wife,,"German: cf. Zincgref-Weidner III (1653) 204f. (EM archive); Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 41, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 143; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 45; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 32, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. **920D*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 920******.","A young man asks Solomon (another king) for advice about what sort of girl he should marry: one with property, one with money, or a poor one with nothing. Solomon answers, 'Go away; you don't know anything; do whatever you like.' ('Be quiet, I am in charge; get up, so I can sit down; do whatever you like.'). The answers mean accordingly, that the first girl would chase him away because the property belongs to her; the second would tell him that the money is hers and he is ignorant; but the third one will not meddle with anything, even if she is bad tempered.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920D,The Four Princes,,"Flemish: Joos 1889ff. III, No. 59; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 61ff.; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 6, Jason 1965, 1988a.","Of the king's four sons, the one who can name the greatest number of faults of their father, is to become the next king. The youngest son cannot name a single fault [L13]. He becomes king.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,920E,The Three Rings,"Tobler 1871; Paris 1895; ZfVk. 33/34 (1924) 70; Goebel 1932, 255�262; Penna 1953; Tubach 1969, No. 4106; Elm 1982, 60�73; Graf 1982; MacDonald 1982, No. J462.3.1.1; Graf 1988; Hudde 1997; Shagrir 1997; EM 11,2 (2004) 696�699 (H. Hudde).","Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 90; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4106.","A dying father gives each of his three (more) sons (children) a ring (stone). Only one of the rings is genuine, and each son thinks it is his. The questions of which is the genuine ring and which is the true son are decided on religious (Christian, Jewish, Muslim, or sectarian) grounds [J462.3.1, J80].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jansen Enikel, Weltchronik (V. 26551ff.), Gesta Romanorum (No. 10), Boccaccio, Decamerone (I,3), Cento novelle antiche (No. 73). Used by Lessing in 1779 in Nathan the Wise (act 3).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921,The King and the Farmer's Son,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 205; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 84�86; BP II, 359; Anderson 1923, 356 not. 2; Basset 1924ff. II, 194 No. 91, III, 316 No. 190; Wesselski 1925, 227; Vries 1928, 29�40, 112�320; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90, 222, 449; Tubach 1969, No. 4025; Krikmann 1996; EM 8 (1996) 156�160 (W. F. H. Nicolaisen); Dekker et al. 1997, 323�327; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 130, 131; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 183; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 191; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 26; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 135; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 58, 79f., 133, 157, 391f., 418ff., 433ff., 437f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV nos. 921, 921H�M, 921AA, Lorenzo V�lez 1997, Nos. 2, 3; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 182, 183, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 252, 299; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, Hen�en 1935, Nos. 151, 152, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 61; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 45; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 46; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 114f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 512, 537, 541; Slovene: Vrtec 5 (1875) 158, Bolhar 1974, 154ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1986, No. 66; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 58; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 176ff., 181ff., 183ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Simonides 1979, No. 146; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1983, No. 315; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1992 II, No. 255; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. H583; Jason 1989; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976 II, No. 56; Chinese: cf. Riftin et al. 1977, No. 46, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 659; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 172; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 234; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 55, 56; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 66; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 22, 107; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 10, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Niger: Petites S�urs de J�sus 1974, Nos. 10, 19; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1635.9; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.6.921.","A boy (farmer's son, Solomon) astonishes a king passing by his hut by giving clever answers. The answers refer to questions like: what do you (does your father, mother, brother, sister) do [H583.1'H583.6]. And/or they deal with a paradoxical demand to come to the king under certain conditions [H1050'H1064]. The following questions and answers are most frequent: (1) What are you doing I boil those coming and going (I boil peas, beans, and/or lentils that keep rising and falling in the water [H 583.6]). (2) What is your father doing He makes a bad thing worse (he blocks a path in a field which causes another to be trodden [H583.2.1]). Or, he is in the vineyard doing good and bad (he prunes vines but sometimes cuts good ones and leaves the bad [H583.2]). Or, he makes many out of few (he sows grain [H583.2.2]). (3) What is your mother doing She does for another what the latter cannot do for herself (she lays out a corpse [H583.4]). Or, she is baking forgotten bread (to pay back borrowed bread [H583.4.2]). (4) What is your brother doing He hunts; he throws away what he catches, and what he does not catch he carries home (he hunts for lice on his body [H583.3]). (5) What is your sister doing She is mourning last year's laughter (she nurses her child, the fruit of last year's love affair [H583.5]. Cf. Types 875, 920.","Type 921 is closely related to Type 875, and the stories are often combined with each other. In Type 921 the enigmatic answers occur in many more versions, which renders the classification under Type 921 and the separation of the two types more difficult.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 875 and 922B, and also 920, 921F*, and 922."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921A,The Sharing of Bread or Money (previously Four Coins),"K�hler/Bolte 1896, 161f. No. 50; BP IV, 137; Anderson 1923, 356 not. 1; Wesselski 1925, No. 39; Schwarzbaum 1968, 221, 475; Tubach 1969, No. 2105; cf. EM 3 (1981) 639f. (K. Ranke); EM 4 (1984) 1394�1397 (�. D�m�t�r).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 132; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1534; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. II, No. 20, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 64, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 31, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 116; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 67; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1984, 287, Tomkowiak 1993, 261; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 15; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, Nos. 20, 70, MNK IV, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 120ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 2105; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 55, II, No. 508, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 25; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1924, 50; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 138; Croatian: Ardali 1914, 352f.; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 40; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 65; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 23, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 929; Sorbian: Nedo 1972, 237ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 211, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Wichmann 1916, No. 4; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 93; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 245; Turkmen: cf. Stebleva 1969, No. 62; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 124 No. 14; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 10, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 75, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Steere 1922, 295; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer (craftsman) responds to the king's question, why he is working so hard or how he would use his salary (four coins, bread), by giving enigmatic answers: The first I eat (feed myself), the second I put out at interest (give to my children so that they can care for me when I am old), with the third I pay debts (keep my parents) and the fourth I throw away (give to my wife) [H585.1]. The king asks his ministers to interpret the farmer's answers for him. When they ask the farmer, he demands a reward for each response. In a medieval version, a smith named Focus, who worked on a feast day despite the emperor's prohibition, is betrayed by a statue constructed by the magician Virgil. He defends himself by stating that he needs to earn eight coins daily. Two of the coins he has to repay (to his father), two he has to lend (to his son), two are lost (to be given to his wife) and two are to be spent (for himself).","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 57).","920, 921F*, and 922B."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921A*,The Frank Thief,ZfVk. 33/34 (1920�1922) 98 No. 15; EM 3 (1981) 639f. (K. Ranke).,"Estonian: Jahrbuch der estnischen Philologie 1 (1922) 46; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1426; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 926D*; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 137; German: Hoursch 1925, 29, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 397, Tomkowiak 1993, 262; Italian: Pitr� 1875 IV, No. 204; US-American: Fuller 1948, 50, Randolph 1965, No. 225.","A king asks prisoners why they have been imprisoned. All say they are innocent except one, who confesses he is a thief (counterfeiter, etc.). He is released so that he will not spoil the others.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921B,"Best Friend, Worst Enemy","Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 199 No. 244; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 415�455, II, 399�405; BP II, 364�367; Anderson 1923, 357; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 423; Wesselski 1925, No. 48; Vries 1928, 220�230; Tubach 1969, No. 1997; Spies 1973a, 171�176; R�cke 1987, 122f.; EM 5 (1987) 275�282 (M. Bo�kovi-Stulli); Hansen 2002, 49�54; EM: Teufel zeigt dem Mann die Untreue seiner Frau (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 129, 133; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 120, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian: M�giste 1959, No. 95; Welsh: Jones 1930, 235f.; Dutch: Kooi 1979a, 87ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1971, 146; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 206, MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 122, Dvo�k 1978, No. 1997; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 205; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 144, 149; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 22; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, No. 921B, cf. No. 921B�921*A; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 28; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 70; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 68; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","The central motif of the tale is the following task: A man should bring his best friend and his worst enemy [H1065]. He fulfills the task by choosing his dog as friend and his wife as enemy. The tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) When the master orders his servant (Aesop) to bring food to the person who loves him most, The servant serves his dog instead of his wife. The wife feels offended and threatens to leave her husband. The servant explains that only the dog would really love his master for it would return even if it had been beaten. (2) A young man violates the order that all old people should be killed. He hides his father with the help of his wife. Because of the intrigues of some envious men, the king demands that the young man, on pain of death, bring his servant, his friend (jester) and his enemy to the king. Following his father's advice he takes his donkey as servant, his dog as friend (his child as jester) and his wife as enemy. The offended wife reproaches her husband for classifying her in this way after she had helped him hide his father. This betrayal turns her into his enemy and so he accomplishes the task. Cf. Type 981. (3) A young man rescues the devil (stranger, saint, ghost, robber) from a wolf (other danger) whereupon the devil promises pay for the service if the young man will bring his most faithful friend to the meeting. The man comes with his wife. The devil appears in a rich disguise and persuades the wife to kill her husband when he is asleep. Later he promises her marriage and wealth. The woman agrees. When she raises the knife (ax, stone) for the murder, the devil awakens her husband. He says that he has now repaid the man by saving his life, and refuses to pay the recompense. The man should have brought his dog instead of his wife. (The man must bring his real friend the next day. His dog follows him without being called, attacks the stranger, and proves its faithfulness.) Cf. Type 824.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 124).","893, 920, 981, and 1381C."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921B*,"Thief, Beggar, Murderer","Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 35 No. 205; EM 2 (1979) 185�188 (H. Stein).","Estonian: cf. Raudsep 1969, No. 404; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Welsh: Jones 1930, 235f.; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 93f.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 65; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 324, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Bodens 1937, Nos. 1106, 1107, Ranke 1955ff. III, Hen�en 1963b, No. 29, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 270; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 43; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 120ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 21; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3018; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Armenian: Tch�raz 1912, No. 19.","A nobleman (emperor, clergyman) observes an old farmer laboriously plowing his field. Asked if he has no sons who can help him, the old man answers that he has three university-trained sons, one is a thief (robber, liar, oppressor), another a murderer (oppressor, Gypsy), and the third a beggar (deceiver, rascal). The nobleman begins to understand when the farmer explains in detail that his first son is a judge, the second a doctor (butcher) and the third a clergyman (monk, teacher).",NA,"922, 922B, and 1557."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921C,Why Hair of Head is Gray before the Beard,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 151; Arlotto/Wesselski 1910 II, No. 222; Schwarzbaum 1968, 223f.; EM 1 (1977) 1283f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1030.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 134; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 342; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1838; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 93, Moser-Rath 1984, 286ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 104; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 867; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 123ff.; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3072, II, No. 4699; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: Tumilevi 1958, No. 26, SUS, No. 921E**; Jewish: Jason 1975; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 145f.; Indian: Swynnerton 1908, No. 14; US-American: Randolph 1965, No. 403; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 1980, No. 10.","A man (clergyman, barber) answers the question why the hair of his head is grey (white) and the hair of his beard is black, 'The hair of the head is twenty years older than the beard.' [H771].",Literary treatments in European jestbooks since the 16th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921C*,Astronomer and Doctor at Farmer's House,EM 1 (1977) 930.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 137, 138; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 49; Dutch: Kooi 1985f., No. 6; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1322; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 137, Moser-Rath 1984, 285ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 104; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 26; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 41, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 143; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 45, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 535; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 921 II*, Dima 1944, No. 23, Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5659; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 921C*, cf. No. *921C1*; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 87, No. 7; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 24, Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: Mykytiuk 1979, No. 43; Jewish: Jason 1965; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 30; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 124.","A farmer predicts the weather according to his animals' behavior (cf. Type 830B) (when the flies take shelter under the horse's tail, rain will come) better then the astronomer (philosopher), who is his guest. Moreover the farmer knows more then the doctor, who is also his guest, about the choice of wholesome food and the spread of disease [L144.2].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921D,The Fatal Bed,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 264; EM 2 (1979) 243 (E. Moser-Rath); P�rnbacher 1986, 504f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 135; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 518, Holbek 1990, No. 57; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 66; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 104; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 309, Neumann 1968b, No. 128, Moser-Rath 1984, 285f., 289, 291, Tomkowiak 1993, 262; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 146, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 392; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 92f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 138; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 53; Ukrainian: SUS; Indian: Jason 1989; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.","A citizen asks a sailor why he repeatedly goes to sea even though his father and grandfather drowned there. The sailor asks how the citizen's ancestors died. The townsman answers, 'In bed', whereupon the sailor asks if the citizen isn't afraid of going to bed [J1474].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921D*,Witty Answers,"BP II, 367; Fabula 6 (1964) 76; EM 1 (1977) 399; EM 2 (1978) 167; EM 4 (1984) 1218�1222 (E. Moser-Rath); Dekker et al. 1997, 74�77; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 139�141; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 105; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1702C*; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 493; English: Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 43, Wehse 1979, No. 473; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Dutch: Dinnissen 1993, No. 192, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 250; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 921J*, 1539A*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 921D*, 1539A*; German: Debus 1951, No. B33a, Ranke 1955ff. III, No. 921*, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 2, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 212, Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. II, 472ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 162; Italian: EM 2 (1979) 167; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 129; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 325, SUS, No. 1702C*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1702C*; Jewish: Jason 1975.","(Including the previous Type 1702C*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a man who makes another man angry by giving absurd answers [J1252]. A master (nobleman, lawyer) asks a farmer (foreman) returning from the market, if the market was large. The farmer answers, 'I did not measure it!' The master says, 'No, I wanted to know if it was crowded' The farmer says, 'I did not count the people!' Thereupon the master becomes angry and plans to invite the farmer for dinner and then to set his dogs on him. On the way to dinner the farmer finds two hares. When the master lets his dogs loose the farmer releases his hares so that the dogs chase them [K318]. The master orders his servant to serve the farmer wine in the cellar and then to beat him. When the farmer takes away the plug from the cask, the servant has to hold the hole closed and the farmer beats him. Cf. Type 1539A*. Later the farmer hides a piece of bacon under his shirt and bends over as he climbs the stairs. When people ask him if he has enough, he answers, 'Now I have enough for my children and for myself to lick for six weeks!' When the farmer is brought to court for beating the servant, he pretends to be an idiot and therefore cannot be tried.",NA,1567C.
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921E,Never Heard Before,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 151 No. 313.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 136; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 154ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969, No. 3047; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1920F-*A, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **921F; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 121, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",A man is required to say something that neither the king nor his courtiers has ever heard before [H1182]. The man reads a letter supposedly from another king demanding repayment of money that this king had borrowed.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921E*,The Potter,"Veselovskij 1937, 149�161, 309�312; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 79C; EM 5 (1987) 692.","Finnish: L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 13; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 137 No. 100; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 343; Flemish: Wolf 1845, No. 288; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 121; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 325; SUS; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000.","A potter amazes the king with his clever answers. The king orders his nobles to buy pots from the potter. The potter raises the price. One noble does not want to pay and agrees, instead of payment, to carry the potter into the palace on his shoulders. Or, the king sets a riddle to his nobles: What is the worst evil in the world They do not know an answer. Only the potter knows it. He demonstrates the solution by placing himself onto his cart with pots and tells a nobleman (who asked him for the solution) to pull it to the palace. The king appoints the potter nobleman.",Early version see Nicolas de Troyes (No. 79C).,921F*.
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921F,Philosopher Spits in the King's Beard,"Basset 1924ff. I, 424 No. 131; Wesselski 1909, No. 55; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 475; Tubach 1969, No. 525, cf. No. 3749; MacDonald 1982, No. J1566.1; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1038.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. J152, J566.1; German: de Memel (1656) No. 293, Sommer-Klee (1670) No. 173 (EM archive); Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 213.","A philosopher is invited to dine with the king. During the meal he is obliged to spit and does so in the king's beard. The servants become indignant and want to beat him, but the king insists on asking the philosopher [J152] why he did such a thing. The philosopher answers that everything else around him was silk or gold, so the king's beard was the most suitable place for spitting. The king accepts this explanation [J1566.1].","Classical origin: Diogenes Laertios (II,75). In the Middle Ages documented e.g. by Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 149) and Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 790).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,921F*,Plucking Geese (previously Geese from Rus),"Schwarzbaum 1968, 118, 120f., 222, 464; EM 5 (1987) 691�694 (L. G. Barag).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 142; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 245f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Austrian: Haiding 1977a, 87ff.; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Serbian: Eschker 1986, No. 66; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 20, Ardali 1914, No. 19/II; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, No. 40; Rumanian: Ure 1960, 147ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 346; Russian: SUS, No. 921F*, cf. No. 921F**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Boratav 1967, No. 34; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Uighur: Makeev 1952, 171ff., Kabirov/Schachmatov 1959, 23ff.; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 5ff.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 94; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 161ff.; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 67; Georgian: Finger 1939, 196f.; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 469, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *921; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 469, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Stumme 1895, No. 13; Moroccan: Fasi/Dermenghem 1928, 91ff., cf. Laoust 1949, No. 75, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A farmer (craftsman) impresses a ruler by his clever questions and answers, which his courtiers were not able to give. The ruler promises to send the farmer geese (other birds, animals) for him to pluck (cut, milk, skin). The 'geese' are courtiers who, under threat of dismissal (death), have to solve riddles that the farmer poses. (The ruler says, 'The geese from Russia are flying here [the nobles]; pluck them!') Making use of the ruler's advice, the farmer takes much money from them (for explaining the answer to the riddle).",NA,"465, 921, 921A, 921E*, 922, and 922B."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,922,The Shepherd Substituting for the Clergyman Answers the King's Questions,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 86f. No. 56; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 82f., 267, 492�494; BP III, 214�223; Anderson 1923; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 55; Wesselski 1925, No. 60; Vries 1928, 29�40; Krohn 1931, 162�164; R�hrich 1962f. I, 146�172, 281�288; Schwarzbaum 1968, 45, 90, 115, 116, 405, 463f., 483; Tubach 1969, Nos. 3465, 4028, 4690, 4709; ZDMG 125 (1975) 459�461; EM 1 (1977) 82f.; Ranelagh 1979, 82f.; Schwarzbaum 1980, 277f., 280; Verfasserlexikon 4 (1983) 941�943 (J. Janota); EM 4 (1984) 591f.; EM 7 (1993) 845�852 (W. F. H. Nicolaisen); Krikmann 1996, 55�80; Dekker et al. 1997, 191�194; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 144, 145; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 187; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 195; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, Nos. 25, 28; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 485ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, Nos. 3a�c; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 336f., 410f., 423, 456f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 4; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 21, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 87, 253, 299, Kooi 2003, No. 44; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1984, 79, 138, 285, 288, Tomkowiak 1993, 262, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 56, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 152, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 26; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 11, X, No. 13; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 117, Kl�mov� 1966, No. 23; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 181; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 150ff.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 288; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 554ff., III, 468f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 87; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 25ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 77b; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Simonides 1979, No. 207; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 235 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. 922*C; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 474; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 474, El-Shamy 2004; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Riftin et al. 1977, No. 47, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 659; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 57�61; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 3, X, No. 4; US-American: Baughman 1966, Jackson/McNeil 1985, 78f., 126ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 32; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 471, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 474, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 131.","(The King and the Abbot) [H561.2]. A person of high social status (emperor, king, civil servant, teacher) demands that a clergyman (bishop, abbot, priest, petitioner) answers three difficult questions within a certain period of time on pain of death [H512, H541.1]. The clergyman cannot answer the questions and therefore sends a (disguised) representative [K1961] (servant, shepherd, miller, brother). This man answers all the questions correctly for him. When the deception comes to light, the questioner forgives the ruse and rewards the person who answered [Q113.4] (often spares the life of the superior or the brother). Many of the questions require measuring (counting) something that cannot be measured (counted). By means of wordplay (How much does the moon weigh A pound, since it has four quarters [H691.1]), by setting an impossible condition at the end of a non-provable statement (How many leaves are on the tree So and so many, and if you do not believe, count them [H705.2], or as many as there are stems [H705.1]), or of a non-provable comparison (How many stars are in heaven As many as grains of sand are on the beach, and if you are able to count them, you know how many stars are in heaven [H702]), etc. , the person answering turns the questioning ad absurdum. The questions include, 'How many drops of water are in the sea' [H696.1]; 'How high is heaven' [H682]; 'How many hairs are on my head' [H703]; 'How many seconds are there in eternity' [H701.1]; 'How far is one end of the world from the other' [H681.1]; 'Where is the center of the earth' [H681.3.1]; 'How much is the king worth' [H711.1]; 'What is the sweetest song' [H634]; 'Which is the best fowl'; 'What is the swiftest, the sweetest and the most costly' [H633, H638]; 'How much is a golden plow worth' [H713.1]; 'What does God do' [cf. H797]; 'How far is it from fortune to misfortune' [H685]; 'What am I thinking' [H524.1]. Cf. Types 875, 920A.","This type is probably of Jewish origin, with Arab sources from the 9th century. First European literary treatment in the 13th century.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 875, and also 821B, 850, 851, 920A, 921, 921A, 924, 927, 950, 1367, 1590, and 1826."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,922A,"Ahiqar [K2101, P111]","Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 36ff. No. 207; Hausrath 1918; Vries 1928, 374�392; Krappe 1941; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 22; Schwarzbaum 1968, 179, 200, 418, 471, 474; Rost 1969; EM 1 (1977) 53�59 (R. Degen); EM 1 (1977) 83; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 409.","Norwegian: Kvideland 1977, 98f.; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. P111; Hungarian: Kr�za 1990, 25ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 401; Rumanian: Schullerus 1929, No. 921 I*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 551*; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 89, 90, Jason 1965, Haboucha 1992; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 48ff.; Armenian: cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 90; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 161ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 427, II, 389ff., 425f.; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 9; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 64f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Mingril: Bleichsteiner 1919, No. 14; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 79, Thompson/Balys 1958, No. P111; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 9ff., 27ff.; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 659; Indonesian: Kratz 1973, No. 19; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: cf. Walker/Walker 1961, 32ff.","A childless minister adopts his nephew (Ahiqar), rears and teaches him. He presents his foster-son to the king, who likes the boy's clever answers. When the minister becomes old, he recommends the king his foster-son as his successor. The young boy is appointed to the office, but slanders his foster-father. The king orders that the old minister to be killed. Instead, he is saved, and a slave is killed in his place. When a hostile king learns about the minister's death, he sets the king tasks that cannot be accomplished by anyone. He asks for a person who is able to build a castle in the air and who can answer difficult questions. The king searches desperately for his old minister. When he learns that he is still alive, he just reinstates him in his former position. Under a different name the old minister travels to the hostile king. He lets a child sitting in a basket be carried into the air by an eagle, where the boy exclaims, 'Give me stones and lime so that I can start building the palace!' After solving all the riddles set by the king, he returns with a rich reward. He asks his foster-son to be summoned and punishes him with a cruel death.",NA,"875, 921, and 981."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,922B,The King's Face on the Coin,"BP IV, 137; Basset 1924ff. I, 275 No. 19; Wesselski 1925, No. 39; Schwarzbaum 1968, 122, 221, 475; Tubach 1969, No. 666; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 255; EM 8 (1996) 165�167; Dekker et al. 1997, 323f.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 64, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 31, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 218, Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 252, 299; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, Nos. 66, 67; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Hen�en 1963, 143ff., 146ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 62, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 120ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 55, 193, Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 55, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 25; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 83f.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 568ff., III, 470f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 54, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 146; Sorbian: Nedo 1972, 237ff.; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 7, SUS, No. 921A; Byelorussian: Kaba�nikau 1960, No. 88, SUS, No. 921A; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 921A; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1994, No. 44; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 75; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A king meets a farmer (smith) and receives enigmatic answers to his questions. When the farmer later explains the sense of his answers the king forbids him to reveal the solutions unless he has seen him (his face) 100 times. Then he gives a (several) coin to the farmer. When the king reports his strange conversation with the farmer to his advisers, none of them knows an answer. They locate the questioner who, as instructed, refuses to tell them anything. But he gives in when his demand the payment with a certain number of coins with the king's picture on it is fulfilled. When the king hears the solution from his advisers, he suspects that the farmer has told the secret and reproaches (punishes) him. But the farmer is innocent because he had seen the picture of the ruler 100 times on the coins. He is rewarded by the king (appoints him adviser, marries him to his daughter) [J1161.7].",Documented in the 10th century by Ibn ab Awn.,"875, 921A, 921B*, 921F*, and 922."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,923,Love Like Salt,"Cox 1893, 80�86; BP III, 305�308, IV, 141, 407; Ranke 1955b, 50f.; L�thi 1961, 112f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 55, 90, 452; Tubach 1969, No. 3006; R�hrich 1995, 352�354, 357�359, Scherf 1995 I, 380�383, II, 953�955; EM 8 (1996) 1038�1042 (C. Schmitt); Belmont 1998; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 473.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 146; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. M21; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 487f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 182, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 178, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 24; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 83; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 25, De Simone 1994, No. 50; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 48 No. 9; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 2001, 290; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 276f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 165; Rumanian: Schullerus 1929; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 77, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 923, 946A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 74, 256; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. *923, Jason 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Lebanese: Assaf/Assaf 1978, No. 18; Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. H592.1, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 93; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; Mexican: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 68; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1165.","A king (rich man) asks his three daughters, how much they love him. The two elder ones compare their love with precious (sweet) things (gold, precious stones, sugar, honey, precious clothes), but the youngest says that she loves him like salt [H592.1]. The father is offended by his youngest daughter's answer and casts her out (orders her death), whereas he rewards the elder daughters in proportion to the value of their flatteries [M21]. The youngest daughter then works as a maidservant in a foreign country, whose king she later marries. She invites her father to the wedding meal and serves him dishes without any salt. Thus the father becomes aware of the indispensability of salt. The daughter discloses her identity. Cf. Type 510B.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae (ch. 31). For popular treatment, see Shakespeare, King Lear (I,1).","510B, 875, 923A, and 923B."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,923A,Like Wind in the Hot Sun,,"Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 27; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. *923; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Chinese: Ting 1978.",A wife says that she loves her husband like wind in the hot sun. First he is offended but later in the hot sun he learns the value of the wind on a hot day. He understands the meaning of his wife's words (and returns to her) [H592.1.1].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,923B,The Princess Who Was Responsible for her Own Fortune,"Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 473.","Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 923A*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 286; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 57, Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 112ff., Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 85�87; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, Nos. 3, 6; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 188ff.; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 58; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 38, Fadel 1979, No. 61, Lebedev 1990, No. 32, El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Borcherding 1975, No. 21; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 63; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 7, 94; Sri Lankan: cf. Schleberger 1985, No. 24; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 102ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: cf. Jahn 1970, Nos. 33, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","When a king asks his (three) daughters who is responsible for their good fortune (who has the blessing of the kingdom, wealth and honour), the elder daughters answer that he is the one, but the youngest says that she herself (only God [cf. Type 841]) is responsible (she states that a woman is responsible for her husband's fortune). Her father becomes angry at her statement and forces her to marry a beggar (cripple) with whom she must live in humble circumstances (she is driven forth). Some variants begin with a description of a prince who became a cripple: A prince observes the struggle of two snakes and helps the weaker one, asking that it not harm him. Nevertheless the snake creeps through his mouth into his body, deforms him, and makes him sick. The prince is cast off by his father and becomes a beggar [L419.2]. Through his wife's wit (skill) the beggar becomes rich, becomes a king, or is cured of his disease [N145]. In other variants the husband magically returns to his former identity as prince [D1866]. The father visits the new king, recognizes his daughter and is forced to admit that she is responsible for her own fortune. Or her father has, in the meantime, lost his kingdom [L419.2], and wanders impoverished to the palace of his daughter.",NA,"910B, 923."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,924,Discussion in Sign Language,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 479�494; Loewe 1918; Basset 1924ff. I, 299 No. 36; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 32; Penzer 1924ff. VI, 249; HDM 2 (1934�40) 426f.; Haiding 1955; Legman 1968f. I, 538; Schwarzbaum 1968, 116f., 120, 464; Tubach 1969, No. 2275; ZfVk. 74 (1978) 1�19; EM: Zeichendisput (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 147; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 924A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 924A; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Kvideland 1972, No. 58, Hodne 1984, No. 321; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 34, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 15, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 58; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 83; Scottish: The Folk-Lore Record 2 (1879) 173ff., 3 (1880) 127ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 31; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 455ff.; Welsh: Jones 1930, 234f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, No. 924A; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 924A; Portuguese: Martha/Pinto 1912, 214f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: ZfVk. 24 (1914) 88ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 924B; Flemish: Lamerant 1909, 93ff.; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Benzel 1962, No. 220, Grubm�ller 1996, 979ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 924, 924A, 924B; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 94; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, Nos. 5, 102, Kov�cs 1988, 248ff.; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 259f., II 1, 249ff.; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 20; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 475; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 924B, cf. No. *924B*; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 43ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 924, 924B; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 922A; Russian: Potjavin 1960, No. 32; Byelorussian: cf. SUS, No. 924A*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 312, Walker/Uysal 1966, 119ff., 183ff.; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 443, Noy 1963a, No. 38, Jason 1965, Nos. 924A, 924B, Jason 1975, No. 924A, Jason 1988a, No. 924A; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 84, 104; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 41; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979, 331f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 924A; Georgian: Papashvily/Papashvily 1946, 61ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 924, 924A; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 466; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 466, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 924A, 924B; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1804, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 924B, Jason 1989, No. 924B; Chinese: Ting 1971, Nos. 924A, 924B; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 70, Choi 1979, No. 638; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 18; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 924B; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 9; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. **926; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 466, El-Shamy 2004, No. 924A.","(Including the previous Types 924A and 924B.) [J1804]. Two men (king and shepherd, priest and Jew [H607.1], Roman and Greek, soldier and artist) have a conversation (dispute) in sign language. Interpreting signs falsely they misunderstand each other; e.g.: The king holds up one finger meaning, 'I alone am powerful.' The shepherd thinks the king is asking for one sheep and holds up two fingers, meaning he will give two sheep to the king. The king interprets the two fingers as meaning, 'God is as powerful as you.' (Previously Type 924B.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,925,"Tidings for the King (previously Tidings Brought to the King, 'You Said it, not I')","Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 143 No. 300; Anderson 1923, 362; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 847; Schwarzbaum 1968, 44f., 235, 476; Schwarzbaum 1980, 275; EM 9 (1999) 1416�1420 (C. Oriol).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 148; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 80; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 34; Icelandic: Boberg 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Massignon 1965, No. 15; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 254, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 147, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Martha/Pinto 1912, 189ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 9; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 215, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 200, Moser-Rath 1984, 149, 287, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 395; Austrian: Zaunert 1926, 201f.; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Hor�k 1971, 160f.; Slovene: Eschker 1986, No. 5; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 41; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4655; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 1669, Simonides 1979, 171f.; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 193ff., MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 219f.; Palestinian: Campbell 1954, 94ff., El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 15; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","The king states that anyone who tells him his horse is dead must die. A servant tells the king about flies creeping into the mouth of his horse and creeping out where the tail is. When the king exclaims that his horse must be dead then, the servant tells him, 'You said it, not I.' [J1675.2.1]. (Cf. Type 2040.)",NA,"754, 1000."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,925*,The Most Beautiful in the Garden,,"Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 73; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Wolf 1845, No. 7, Meyer 1968; Greek: Laogr�phia 19 (1961) 569�575, Megas/Puchner 1998; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, No. 7, Fagundes 1961, No. 38, Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 69; Moroccan: Stumme 1894, No. 11, El-Shamy 2004.","A poor woman sends her three sons out into the world. They arrive (one by one) at the garden of the royal palace where they meet the princess. She asks each of them, what the most beautiful thing in the garden is (what he likes most). The youngest replies, 'Yourself'. Thereupon the princess marries him [J1472].",Documented in the 19th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926,Judgment of Solomon,"Chauvin 1892ff. III, 361 No. 214, VI, 63 No. 231; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 531; Basset 1924ff. II, 361, No. 214; Ludowyk 1959; Schwarzbaum 1968, 209, 474; Tubach 1969, No. 4466; Schwarzbaum 1979, 563; Ranelagh 1979, 40; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1167; Hansen 2002, 227�232; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 370; EM: Salomonische Urteile (forthcoming).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. J1171.1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Goldberg 1998, No. J1171.1; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J1171.1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 422; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 121C; Slovene: Brezovnik 1884, 123; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 122; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4930; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 10; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 106, Noy 1968, No. 10, cf. No. 17, Haboucha 1992; Dagestan: cf. Chalilov 1965, No. 89; Ossetian: Christensen 1921, 18, No. 1; Kurdish: Hadank 1926, 44f.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Esche 1976, 82f.; Tibetian: Hoffmann 1965, No. 37; Chinese: Ting 1971; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 44; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 180; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 920A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Dominican: Andrade 1930, No. 280, Hansen 1957, No. **656A; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 118; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Meinhof 1921, No. 61; East African: Velten 1898, 63f.","Two women both claim a child. The judge Solomon offers to cut it in half. One of the women refuses (lets go when the child is to be torn asunder, tries to stop the judge from cutting it) and is therefore determined to be the real mother [J1171.1].","Exemplified in the O.T. in 1. Kings III,16�28. Literary treatments, e.g. a 13th century Chinese musical comedy by Li Hsing-Tau; Bertolt Brecht�s play The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1948).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926A,The Clever Judge and the Demon in the Pot,"BP II, 419f.","Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 126; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 8; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 12; Lebanese, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mode/Ray 1967, 280ff., Jason 1989; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, No. 13, Sakya/Griffith 1980, 95ff.; Chinese: Ting 1971; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 45; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 97; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","In order to possess a beautiful woman, a demon (magician) takes on the appearance of her husband and claims her as his wife. The husband and the demon argue about which is the real husband. Numerous persons are asked for advice, but nobody can distinguish between the two men. Finally a judge (clever boy [who plays at being a king or a judge], shepherd, hare, jackal, parrot) states that whichever can creep into a pot (tube) is the real husband. The husband is not able to enter, but the demon creeps inside immediately. The pot is covered, and the demon is recognized and trapped. The real husband gets his wife back [J1141.1.7]. Cf. Types 155, 331.",NA,"330, 331, and 920."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926A*,'Purchase Not him who Surpasses you,,"Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 32, Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 34, Megas/Puchner 1998; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 269ff., BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 654B*; Byelorussian: Zelenin 1914, No. 100; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","' (Including the previous Type 654B*.) A father (widow) sends his son (three sons) away to learn a craft (earn money). But the boy learns to play an instrument and cards instead. When he is to be sold as slave to a merchant (when he seeks employment with a rich man) he says, 'Do not buy someone who is superior to you,' or 'Whoever takes me will regret it; whoever does not take me will regret it twice as much.' By his clever actions, by playing off persons against each other, by his music, and by gambling he succeeds in different situations. At the end he marries the daughter of the rich man (dealer, captain). When his father-in-law violates a king's decree (ships are no longer allowed to shoot cannons) and is condemned to death, the youth frees him from the gallows (with three empty nutshells, which signify his father-in-law's worth). At the end, the young man attains wealth and honour.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926C,Cases Solved in a Manner Worthy of Solomon,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 13; Stiefel 1908, No. 16; Basset 1924ff. I, 415 No. 124, II, 103 No. 73; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 115; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 116C; Schwarzbaum 1968, 254, 474; Tubach 1969, Nos. 874, 2409, 4849; EM 2 (1978) 646; Fabula 21 (1980) 279; EM 3 (1981) 636; Schwarzbaum 1980, 215f., 279; MacDonald 1982, No. J1141.1.4; Kooi 1987a, 141�144; Scheiber 1985, 379f.; Schwarzbaum 1989a, 34�36; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 139, 1155, 1177; EM: Salomonische Urteile (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 194�196, Jauhiainen 1998, No. D691; Latvian: Carpenter 1980, 210f.; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 926; Swedish: EU, No. 32604; Danish: Holbek 1990, 185; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 182f., 202f., 292; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1172.1, Childers 1977, No. J1141.1, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 18, Goldberg 1998, No. J1172.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. J1141, J1172.1, J1179.6; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 411, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 926C, 926C*A; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 1361, 2335, 2370; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 926C, 926E; German: Frischbier 1870, 117, Neumann 1968b, No. 300, Neumann 1976, 292, Tomkowiak 1993, 283, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 123; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 447; Austrian: Zaunert 1926, 148ff.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *926C1, 926C2; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 19, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, Nos. 162, 183, 267, 273, 382, cf. ajkanovi 1929, No. 108, Karadi 1937, No. 7, Pani-Surep 1964, Nos. 38, 43; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 935.5, 961*, Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5050, 5455, 5735; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. nos. 926C, *926C**, 964, cf. *964A*; Greek: Karlinger 1979, No. 62, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1706; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Richman 1954, 1f., 22ff., Noy 1963a, Nos. 93, 94, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Nos. 926C�*A, 926*E, 926*E�A, Haboucha 1992, No. 926C�*A; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1968, 197f.; Uzbek: Stein 1991, Nos. 83, 87; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, 64ff., Mostaert 1947, No. 60, Lrincz 1979, No. 926E*; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 964; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 11; Iraqi: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1141.1; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 964; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Uzbek: Stein 1991, Nos. 83, 87; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 138ff., 145, Lebedev 1986, 179f.; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 291, Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1141.1ff., Thompson/Roberts 1960, Beer 1979, 10f., 30f., 34f., Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 926B1*, 926E*, 926E1*, 926L*; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 83; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 81, 95, 96, 98, 101�103, cf. Nos. 82, 100; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, No. 112, Karow 1972, No. 68; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 926E*, 926E1*; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 37; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 120; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, Nos. 8, 13, 14; US-American: Randolph 1952, 99ff., 210, Baughman 1966, No. J1141.16; African American: Dance 1978, No. 279; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 964; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 54, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 926C, 964; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 964; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1977, 67.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with the idea of unusual, often clever, methods to determine the truth [J1141ff.]. Cf. Types 1534, 1833J, and 1833K. Examples: (1) A poor man finds a purse with money in it and returns it to its owner hoping for a reward. The owner pretends that some money is missing, and that the finder took it already for his reward. The judge decides that, since the amount of money is different, the purse did not belong to the man who claimed it, and that the poor man may keep it until its rightful owner is found [J1172.1]. (2) A judge gives sticks to all the suspects in a court case and tells them that the guilty one's stick will grow during the night. The guilty man cuts a bit off his stick and thus is discovered. (3) Someone announces to all the people in the village that the thief has a gnat on his cap (that his cap is burning). One man reaches for his cap and thus shows himself to be the thief [J1141.1]. (4) All the suspects are required to touch some object in the dark, and are told that the hand of the guilty one will be blackened. In fact, the object blackens any hand that touches it. The guilty man does not touch the object and is thus the only one whose hand is not blackened [J1141.1.4]. (5) In order to determine which of two women is the owner of a spindle of thread, the judge asks them what the spindle is made of. Only the owner knows the right answer [J1179.6]. (6) Disputants are ordered to fabricate a copy of the disputed object (precious stone) [J1154.2]. The owner and the cheater can do so, but the false claimants cannot. (7) A man (innkeeper) whose silver has been stolen summons his guests (employees) to the table and orders them to make various ridiculous gestures. When they are all engaged in this game, he commands them to put their heads under the table. Then he asks if the thief has head under the table. The thief answers, 'Yes.'","The tale of the lost purse (1) appeared in the Disciplina clericalis (No. 17) of Petrus Alfonsus, and is now known throughout Europe. Version (2) comes from Middle Eastern wisdom literature, version (3) was recorded by Ibn al-auz, version (5) is found in the Indian Jtaka (No. 546), version (6) was documented in the Mongolian Ardschi Bordschi.",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926C*,The Betrothed Children,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 149, 150; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979.","The children of two merchants have been betrothed from childhood [T143], but they live in different cities. The boy is given allegorical orders (if the duck has fallen into the chaff, carry her, etc.) and sent off by his father. The bride recognizes her bridegroom by these allegorical expressions.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926D,The Judge Appropriates the Object of Dispute,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 365, 473; Schwarzbaum 1979, iii.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 518*, 926D; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 19; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 204, II, No. 323, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK II, No. 518*, D�m�t�r 2001, 289; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 91; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 21; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1594, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 226; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 41; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, 63ff.; Saudi Arabian: M�ller 1902ff. I, Nos. II A, IV A; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K452, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 518*; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 5, Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 18; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1315.","(Including the previous Type 518*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a dispute between two parties that is decided in favour to a third person who is to judge their case. The judge either takes the contested object as evidence or destroys it [J1171, K451, K451.1, K452]. Cf. Type 926C. For example, two cats fight over a rice cake, and the monkey who is to decide the case eats it. A lawyer who is to decide the case of two men charges them such high fees that he is able to buy the disputed object (calf) with his earnings. The song of a bird was not meant for the plaintif but for the judge. Cf. Types 51***, 400, and 518.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,926E,Eginhard and Emma,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 75; EM 3 (1981) 1020�1023 (E. Frenzel).","German: Rehermann 1977, 316f., Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 457; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 53.","After spending the night with the emperor's daughter in her chamber, her lover cannot leave without being discovered because snow has fallen. She carries him on her back to his apartment because her own footprints are less suspect [K1549.3]. The emperor observes this and brings the case before his advisers. To end the ensuing arguments, he permits the lovers to marry.",Early literary treatment in Latin in the late 12th century (Chronicon Laurishamense).,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927,Out-riddling the Judge,"K�hler-Bolte 1898ff. I, 46, No. 22; Wesselski 1928a, 144�150; Taylor 1951; Meyer 1967; Tubach 1969, No. 3969; Abrahams 1980; EM 6 (1990) 412�419 (S. Ude-Koeller); Krikmann 1996, 55�80; Dekker et al. 1997, 294�297; Elias 1998; EM 11,1 (2003) 282f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 151�153; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 184; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 924*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 75; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. 927, 927C*�927E*, Briggs 1970f. A II, 441, 501; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 258, cf. Nos. 259�265, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 149, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 927(b), 927(c); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 267f., 268f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 46; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 19; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; German: Wossidlo 1897ff. I, 191ff., Busch 1910, Nos. 19, 38, Peuckert 1932, No. 164, Hen�en 1935, Nos. 155, 157, Hen�en 1963a, No. 50, Rehermann 1977, 165f.; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 438 No. 470, Haiding 1969, No. 155; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 82, 104; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 47; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 69, MNK IV, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 215; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3969; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 122E; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 119; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 434; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 173, MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 87ff.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 23; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, 140ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 927, 927C*, 927D*, 927E*; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 927*A, 927*B; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 123, 405f.; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 927*A, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, Nos. 140�145; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 927*A; West Indies: Flowers 1953; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 34.","A man (woman) condemned to death is set free when the judge cannot solve the riddle propounded to him by the condemned person (by a relative of the condemned) [H542, R154.2.1]. The riddle refers to extraordinary or accidental events that happened to the person setting the riddle, and thus is unsolvable for outsiders. There are four main riddles: (1) Samson riddle of the living in the dead, 'From the eater came forth meat and from the strong sweetness' ' Swarm of bees collects honey in a lion's carcass [H804]. ('What has seven tongues in one head' ' Bird's nest with seven young found in a horse's head [H793]; 'Drink this wine which a bird took to its nest' ' A stork took a bunch of grapes to nest, and a boy makes wine from them [H806].) (2) Riddle of the nursing daughter, 'Formerly I was daughter, now I am mother; I have a son who was the husband of my mother' ' Woman has nursed her imprisoned father (woman nurses her son, wife nurses another man) through a crack in the prison wall [H807, R81]. Cf. Type 985*. (3) Ilo-riddle (propounded by a woman), 'Love I sit, Love I stand; Love I hold, fast in hand; I see Love, Love sees not me. Riddle me that, or hanged I'll be' ' A woman has killed her dog named Love (Ilo); from its skin shoes, gloves and a chair-covering have been made; ('With what thinks, I drink; what sees, I carry; with what eats I walk' ' A woman has killed her lover, from his skull a cup has been made, from one of his eyes a ring and she carries two of his teeth in her boots [H805]). (4) Riddle of the unborn, 'I am unborn; I ride the unborn (I eat the unborn)' ' A boy was born by Caesarean section; he has a horse that was also born unnaturally (he eats the meat of an animal that was taken out of its dead mother's body) [H792]. Cf. Type 851.","The Samson riddle (1) see O.T. (Judges XIV,12�20).","851, 922, and 931."
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927A,An Execution Evaded by Using Three Wishes,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 651�657; Wesselski 1925, No. 40; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2056, 4187; Schneider 1971; Schwarzbaum 1980, 273; Kooi 1987a, 153f.; Uther 1989, 447; EM: Wunsch: Der letzte W. (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. J1182.2; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 927A, cf. No. 927D; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 298; cf. Ting 1978, No. 1620A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","King ordains that the guest who turns the fish on his plate (drops his knife, talks loudly) shall be executed, and also that anyone so condemned may have three wishes granted. A (young) man violates the order and pronounce his three wishes. One of the wishes is, all those who saw him turn the fish are to be blinded. All persons present pretend not to have seen anything and the accused man is freed [J1181.1]. Cf. Type 927C.","Literary traditions from the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 194).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927A*,'Old Saddle' Granted by the King,"Anderson 1923, 360; HDM 2 (1934�40) 236; EM 1 (1977) 387f. (K. Ranke).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 154; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 199f., Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 400, Neumann 1971, No. 144, Berger 2001; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 293f., Nedo 1957, 32; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A farmer does a king a good turn (a soldier claims pay for a long period of service). In return he asks for an old saddle. The unsuspecting king signs the deed of gift. Later the 'old saddle' turns out to be a large estate. Nevertheless the duped king keeps his promise and gives it to him [K193.1].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927B,Condemned Man Chooses How he Will Die,"Wesselski 1925, 199; HDM (1934�40) 238 (L. Mackensen); Schmitt 1959, 179; Tubach 1969, Nos. 4225, 4226; EM 1 (1977) 401; EM 5 (1987) 1327�1329.","Danish: Sch�tte 1923, 61; English: Wardroper 1970, 169; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 927B; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 56; German: Wossidlo 1910, 194, Hen�en 1935, No. 216, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 375; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 210; Hungarian: cf. D�m�t�r 1992, No. 244; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3941; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 208; Jewish: Ausubel 1948, 288, Richman 1954, 72.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a man condemned to death who is permitted to choose how he will die [P511, J1181]. Cf. Type 1868. Examples: (1) The condemed says he wants to die from old age [P511.1]. (2) The condemned (Seneca) chooses to open his veins and bleed to death [Q427].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927C,The Last Request,"Cf. Tubach 1969, Nos. 2876, 3297; EM 5 (1987) 1327�1329; Uther 1989, 447f.; EM: Wunsch: Der letzte W. (in prep.).","Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 47; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Austrian: Kunz 1995, 85; Bulgarian: Ognjanowa 1987, 446f.","A convicted man is permitted a last request before he dies [J1181]. He asks for strawberries although it is winter [H1023.3] (a meal of nightingales or canaries, to learn Hebrew before he dies). Cf. Type 1868. Or, a barber asks to shave the judge. He puts the razor to the judge's throat and commands him to alter the death sentence.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927C*,The Ground is Measured with a Horse's Skin (Ox Hide),"cf. K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 319�324; Schwarzbaum 1968, 124, 464; Scobie 1977, 10�12; EM 6 (1990) 266f.","Finnish: Aarne 1920, No. 2000*; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 2000*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 2400; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 2400; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 28, Sveinsson 1929, No. 2400; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 2400; English: Baughman 1966, No. 2400; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 157, cf. Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V, No. 1022; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 1590*; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 2400; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 2400, Kooi 1994, No. 247; Flemish: Walschap 1960, 28; German: Rehermann 1977, 319f. No. 8, cf. 486f. nos. 71�74, Petschel 1975ff. VI, Nos. 3826, 4024, 4050, 4112�4116, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, Nos. 416, 419, 427, 524, 525, 532; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 2400�2499, and app., Appari 1992, No. 46; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 48; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 373; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 19, II, No. 355; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 165; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 2400; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 2400; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 2400, Jason 1988a, No. 2400; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 87; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 298ff., Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 27; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2400; Tibetian: Hoffmann 1965, No. 8; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 2400; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 2400; North American Indian: Bierhorst 1995, Nos. 17, 22, 28, 40, 83, 203, 215; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 2400; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 2400; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1590; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, No. 2400.","(Previously Type 2400.) A man (monk, members of a different ethnic group) asks his master for a piece of land the size of an ox's (horse's) hide. This is promised to him. He cuts the hide into a long thin strip which he uses to encircle a great area [K185.1].","Found in the ancient Indian atapatha Brhmana (I,2,5,2). Known in Europe since the Hellenistic period, e.g. Virgil, Aeneid (I,365�368). This motif is often part of legends of the founding of cities.",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,927D,Man Allowed to Pick Out Tree to Be Hanged On,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 264; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 283; HDM 2 (1934�40) 238; Tubach 1969, No. 4790; EM 1 (1977) 1379�1381 (K. Ranke).","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1587; English: Baughman 1966, No. 1587; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 1587, Goldberg 1998, Nos. K558, *P511.3; Portuguese: Freitas 1996, 65f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1587; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 29; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 161, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 432; Austrian: Graber 1944, 413f., Haiding 1965, No. 264; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1587; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 130, MNK VII B, No. 1587; Slovene: Krainz 1880, 257; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5583; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. 1587; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1587; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, No. 1587; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 297f., MNK X 1, No. 1587; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 1587; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1587; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 65.","A man who has been condemned to death is allowed to choose the tree on which he will be hanged. He looks for a long time but cannot find one he likes. (Previously Type 1587.) Cf. Type 1868. Or, he chooses one that is only knee-high (a bush, sunflower, etc.) The judge (hangman) lets him go free [K558]. Cf. Type 1868.","As an early example see Jacques de Vitry�s Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 62).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,928,Planting for the Next Generation,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 208 No. 75; Wesselski 1911 II, No. 516; BP III, 191; Basset 1924ff. I, 354 No. 75; EM 1 (1977) 1391f. (E. Schoenfeld); Scheiber 1985, 278f.; Hansen 2002, 331f.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Luxembourg: cf. Gredt 1883, No. 905; German: Rehermann 1977, No. 58, Moser-Rath 1984, 286, Tomkowiak 1987, 185f., Tomkowiak 1993, 263; Italian: Appari 1992, No. 20; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 422, Jason 1965, 1988a; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 125; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 9; Palestinian: Campbell 1954, 80ff., El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 150.",A man plants a tree even though he is told that it will never bear fruit in his lifetime. Nevertheless he plants the tree: for the next generation [J701.1].,"Documented as a proverbial phrase by Virgil, Ecloga (IX,50). Early version in Talmudic literature (1st century C.E.).",NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,929,"Clever Defenses [J1130, N178, N251","Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 480; Tubach 1969, No. 1942; Fabula 22 (1981) 23; Uther 1981, 51f.","Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 27, 141, 148f., 152f., Pani-Surep 1964, No. 39; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 281, 282; Polish: cf. Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 68; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 50, Keren/Schnitzler 1981, No. 6, Haboucha 1992; Indian: Jason 1989.",1]. This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with the clever defense of an accused person who is finally (unexpectedly) rescued.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,929*,A Penny for Alms,"Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 140; Wesselski 1909, No. 111; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 517; Moser-Rath 1968, 233�236; Tubach 1969, Nos. 158, 2877, 2893; EM 2 (1979) 251; Fabula 20 (1979) 166f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 257.","English: Stiefel 1908, No. 86; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1283; Frisian: cf. Kooi 1984a, No. 1735C*; German: Rehermann 1977, 434f., Moser-Rath 1984, 138; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. J1337; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 72; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1734A*.","A beggar claims to be the brother of the king because all people descend from Adam (God). The king gives him one penny, saying that if all his brothers gave that much, he would be richer than the king himself [J1283, J1337].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Clever Acts And Words 920-929,NA,929A,Uneducated Father,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 113 No. 95.","Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 435; Greek: Loukatos 1957, No. 7; Oman: Campbell 1954, 80ff., El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A son defends his father's behavior, saying that the man could not do any better. He learned everything from the grandfather [J142].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1060,Squeezing the (Supposed) Stone,"BP I, 148�165; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 5, 13, 15, 16, 18, 41; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 56c(20), II, Nos. 202a, 202b, 285(1�2); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. I, No. 31, Kamp 1877, 233ff. No. 766; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Massignon 1968, No. 4; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 194, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 221ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1061*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 4, 31; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 62; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 269ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 157, 189, 330, II, No. 476; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 76, Bolhar 1974, 164ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 12; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 187ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1060, cf. No. 1060B; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 162 III 3 (var. a�ah), 351 IV 3; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 279; Tadzhik: STF, No. 157; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 53; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 114; North American Indian: Simmons 1986, 277; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 341; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1640; Dominican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1060**A; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 40; Libyan, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","An ogre (giant, devil) and a (poor) man (tailor, Gypsy) have a contest to see which of them can squeeze water out of a stone. The ogre squeezes a stone; the man a cheese (egg, turnip) and thus intimidates the ogre [K62]. (In some variants, the actors are animals.) Cf. Type 1640.",NA,"1000�1029, 1045�1070, 1084, 1088, 1115, 1149, 1640, and also 107, 301, 531, 650A, 1031, 1121, 1130, 1133, 1147, 1150, and 1535."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1060A,Squeezing the Hand,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. N781; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1060*; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1060*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1060*; Italian: Appari 1992, No. 13; Russian: SUS; Georgian: Bleichsteiner 1919, No. 2; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960.","An ogre (giant) and a man (tailor, sailor) compete to determine whose handshake is stronger. The man wears an iron glove and wins [K73]. In some variants, the man holds out a (glowing) iron rod (fork, etc.).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1061,Biting a Stone to Pieces,"BP I, 68f., II, 528�531; Scherf 1995 II, 1296�1298; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 15, 21; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 56c(20), II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 57; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 163, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 88ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 21; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 114, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Pl�ckinger 1926, No. 67; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 197, 509f., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 36; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 223; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 25; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 312C, 1152; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Rhodesian: Smith/Dale 1920 II, 387 No. 13.","An ogre (devil) and a man (boy, tailor, soldier) compete to see who can bite (bruise) a stone to pieces. The man takes a nut (pea) and bites it easily. The ogre, who is not able to bite the stone to pieces, is impressed by the man's strong teeth [K63]. In some variants, a tailor must stay for a night in the stable with a bear. The tailor makes the bear curious by cracking nuts and then gives him stones, which the bear cannot crack. Cf. Type 1640.",NA,"850, 1049, 1052, 1060, 1088, 1115, 1159, and also 462, 1000, 1003, 1004, 1012, 1029, 1036, 1048, 1062, 1084, 1085, 1116, 1121, 1137, 1162, 1640, and 1875."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1062,Throwing a Stone,"BP I, 148�165; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 18; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202b, 285(1�2); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Bl�mml 1906, Nos. 31, 57, 68; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 163, 194, 195, 249, 250, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 88ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 319, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 4, 31; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: Gerstner-Hirzel 1979, No. 245; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 17; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1062, cf. No. 1062*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 190ff., 269ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 273, 330, II, No. 476; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 162ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 84c, 84d; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 281; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 162 III 3 (b, j); Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 58; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; North American Indian: Thompson 1919 II, 433; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 40; Libyan, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1143 (1, 2).","An ogre (giant, devil, dragon) and a man (boy, tailor, Gypsy) compete to determine who can throw a stone higher: The one whose stone falls first to the ground will lose. The ogre throws a stone. The man throws a bird (sparrow, lark, bat), which never comes back [K18.3]. Cf. Type 1640.",NA,"1000�1063, 1088, 1115, 1640, and also 559, 650A, 1070�1072, 1085, 1116, and 1150."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1063,Throwing a Club (previously Throwing Contest with Golden Club),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 86; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 3, 12�15, 17, 20, 27; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 89(9), II, Nos. 202a�c, 286(7); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 60; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 319, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 65; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1063, cf. Nos. 1063*, 1063**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 185ff., 190ff., 271f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 104, 157, 211, 273, II, No. 491; Slovene: Vrtec 73 (1942�43) 95ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 64b, 84b, 84c; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 281; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; North American Indian: Thompson 1919 II, 433; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1926, 22; Dominican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 1063, cf. No. **1152.","An ogre (giant, devil) and a man (boy) compete in throwing a (golden, heavy) club (hammer, axe) higher. The ogre throws the club up high. The man hesitates, pretending to wait for a cloud to throw the club into (takes care not to hit a star, wants to throw the club up to a relative in heaven). The ogre gives up [K18.2]. Cf. Type 1640. In some variants, the man shows the ogre the club in a cloud, or he pretends that he had already thrown the club and it will not come back.",NA,"1000�1088, 1115, 1116, 1121, 1130, 1132, 1640, and also 650A, 800, 804B, 1091, 1096, 1149, 1150, 1159, 1650, and 1651."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1063A,Throwing Contest,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 64; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Latvian: Ambainis 1979, Nos. 58, 66; Danish: Stroebe 1915 I, No. 17; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1063B; French: Arnaudin 1966, No. 54; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 280, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 155, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming), No. 1063B; Basque: Webster 1877, 6ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 319, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Bodens 1937, 86; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 68; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Dobos 1962, No. 57; Serbian: Filipovi 1949, 254, Eschker 1992, No. 12; Croatian: cf. Ardali 1906a, 130ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 71; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 187ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1063A, 1063B; Turkish: H�llen 1967, 213ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 114; North American Indian: Speck 1915, 56; US-American: Dorson 1964, 168ff., Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1967, Nos. 38, 135; Spanish-American: TFSP 10 (1932) 50f., Robe 1973, No. 1063B; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1063B.","(Including the previous Type 1063B.) An ogre (giant) and a man have a throwing contest. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) The man pretends to throw a stone (rock) so far that it will destroy a village (house) beyond the sea (mountains), or he warns Angel Gabriel (St. Peter) to look out [K18.1, K18.1.1, K18.1.2]. (2) The man pretends that he will throw a stone to a distant point (Constantinople) where it will strike one of the ogre's relatives. (Previously Type 1063B).",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1045, 1049, 1060, 1061, 1072, 1088, 1115, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1064,Making Fire by Stamping on the Ground,,"Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 18, Megas/Puchner 1998; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 36; Karachay: Bleichsteiner 1919, No. 9; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 29, 301; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 211ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978.","An ogre (giant) and a (timid, old) man have a contest: They want to make fire (get water) by stamping on the ground. The man wins the contest because he prepared hot ashes beforehand (buried a tube filled with water in the earth), and thus he intimidates the ogre.",NA,"1049, 1060, 1088, 1115, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1070,Wrestling Contest,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 16; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Briggs 1970f. B I, 124ff.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1070A; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 185ff.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 354; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 47; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 187ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Kashubian: Seefried-Gilgowski 1911, 199f.; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: H�eg 1926, No. 9; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 11; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 281ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 166; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 17.","An ogre (giant, magician, dragon, demon, bear) and a man (Gypsy, famous wrestler) have a wrestling contest. The ogre squeezes the man so hard that his eyes bulge out. When the ogre asks him why he is staring, the man answers that he is looking for where to throw him. The ogre gives up (flees, promises money, swears eternal friendship) [K12.1].",NA,"1045, 1049, 1051, 1060, 1062, 1072, 1084, 1088, 1115, 1149, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1071,Wrestling Contest (with Old Grandfather),EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 11, 12, 16, 19, 20; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 89(9), II, Nos. 202b, 286(6�7); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1963, 26ff.; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 222, Hen�en 1935, No. 162, Ranke 1966, No. 67; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 192f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 104, 157, 168, 189, 240, 274, II, No. 491; Slovene: Vrtec 73 (1942�43) 95ff.; Rumanian: Dima 1944, No. 31; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 43; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 255; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, No. 26; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","An ogre (giant, devil) challenges a man (boy, farmer) to a wrestling contest. The man sends his 'grandfather' ('brother', 'uncle') ' a bear ' instead. The ogre loses [K12.2].",NA,"804B, 1000, 1045, 1060, 1063, 1072, 1082, 1084, 1130, and 1650."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1072,Running Contest (previously Race with Little Son),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 477ff.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 518 not. 16; Dekker et al. 1997, 155f.; EM: Wettlauf der Tiere (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 11, 12, 19, 20, VI, No. 307; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 89(9), II, Nos. 202b, 286(6�7); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 76; Swedish: B�dker et al. 1963, 26ff.; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 229; German: Meyer 1932, Peuckert 1932, Nos. 222, 223, Hen�en 1935, No. 162, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 185ff., 190ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 89, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 104, 157, 168, 189, 240, 274, II, No. 491; Slovene: Vrtec 73 (1942�43) 95ff.; Croatian: Plohl Herdvigov 1868, No. 20; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Piprek 1918, 160ff.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 84c; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 162 III; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 43; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 255; Tungus: Suvorov 1960, 28ff.; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, No. 26; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","An ogre (giant) challenges a man to a race. The man persuades the ogre to run against his little son ' a rabbit ' instead of himself. The rabbit wins [K11.6]. Cf. Types 275, 275A, and 1074.",NA,"650A, 804B, 1045, 1052, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1071, 1082, 1084, 1115, 1130, and 1650."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1073,Climbing Contest,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 477ff.; EM: Wettklettern, -schwimmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 19; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202c(6), 286(6); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: B�dker et al. 1963, 26ff.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Ranke 1966, No. 67; Austrian: Haiding 1967, No. 33; Gypsy: MNK X 1.",An ogre (giant) challenges a man to a climbing contest. The man persuades the ogre to compete with the man's child ' a squirrel ' instead of himself. The squirrel wins [K15.1].,NA,"1045, 1071, 1072, 1082, 1650, and 1652."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1074,Race Won by Deception: Relatives as Helpers,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 27; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 206; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 108f., 113ff., 116f., B I, 66; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Hungarian: MNK V; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. II, No. 13, El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1157 (7).","An ogre (giant, devil) challenges a man (a man challenges an animal) to a race. The man places his relatives (others that resemble him) along the course (at the finish). The ogre thinks that the man is just ahead of him (has won) [K11.1]. Cf. Type 1072.",More often the actors are animals � cf. Type 275C.,"This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 275A, 275C, 1063, and also 1084, 1085, and 1170."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1080*,Laughing Contest,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Grannas 1957, No. 38; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 158; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1332*; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1000*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Mexican: cf. Wheeler 1943, No. 19.","An ogre (giant) and a man have a laughing contest. The man puts a dead horse with a grinning mouth in his place. The ogre tries to laugh as long as the horse, and laughs till he dies [K87.1; cf. J1169.5].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1082,Carrying the Horse,K�hler/Bolte I 1898ff. 473; EM 10 (2002) 929�932 (J. van der Kooi).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 20; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202c(11); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 192f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 89, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 189, 273; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 281; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, No. 26.","An ogre (giant, devil) and a man (Gypsy, shoemaker) take turns in carrying a horse. The ogre carries it on his back and is soon exhausted. The man takes the horse between his legs, i.e. rides, and thus 'carries' it without effort [K72]. Cf. Type 1640.",NA,"804B, 1045, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1084, 1130, 1650, and 1651."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1082A,Singing Contest (previously The Soldier Who Rode on Death),EM: Soldat und Tod (forthcoming).,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 298; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1615*, Schott/Schott 1971, 266f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 243ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Chinese: Ting 1978.","The devil (monk) and a man (soldier) come to an agreement: While one of them sings a song, the other must carry him on his back. The devil's song is short. The man, however, sings an endless song (continuously sings the same song). The devil gives up (bursts).",NA,1030.
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1083,Duel with Long Pole and Cudgel,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Portuguese: Henriques/Gouveia et al. 2001, No. 15, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Haltrich 1956, No. 27, Cammann 1973, 263; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 336f., II, 263; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1083, cf. No. 1083*; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 92ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 24, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, Nos. 8, 10; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 40; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 1 IV (1); Gypsy: MNK X 1; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 152ff., Wunderblume 1958, 413ff.; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1959, 58f.; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 40.","The devil (ogre, giant) and a (poor) man (smith, teacher, Gypsy, God, old woman) duel in a little room (stable, fold, forest). The man gives the devil a long pole and chooses a short cudgel (hammer) for himself. The devil cannot do anything with his pole, so the man beats him up [K785]. (After this, they continue the duel outside, but exchange weapons. So the man beats the devil up again.)",NA,"1030, 1060, 1062, 1071, and 1072."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1083A,Duel with Bayonet and Pitchfork,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 38; Croatian: cf. Vujkov 1953, 205ff.; Ukrainian: SUS.","The devil and a man want to fight. The devil has a bayonet (sword, pike), and the man has a pitchfork. The man threatens that he will inflict five wounds on the devil with each thrust, while the devil himself can give him only one wound. Therefore the devil wants to exchange weapons. The man stands behind a fence so that the devil cannot hit him.",NA,"1036, 1060�1063, 1072, 1083, and 1084."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1084,Screaming or Whistling Contest (previously Contest in Shrieking or Whistling),EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 13, 14, 26; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 202b, 204(4); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1953, No. 65; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 185ff., 190ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 104, 157, 168, 211, II, No. 491; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 36f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 181; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","An ogre (giant, devil) and a man (boy) have a screaming (whistling) contest. The man binds up his head to prevent it from breaking in two when he screams. The ogre is frightened and begs the man to bind up his head, too. The man does so and then strikes him on his head. The ogre acknowledges the man to be the stronger [K84.1]. In some variants, the man blindfolds the ogre and strikes him with a hammer on his head (forehead).",NA,"804B, 1045, 1051, 1052, 1060, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1085, 1115, 1116, 1149, and 1525A."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1085,Making a Hole in a Tree,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 86; BP I, 163; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 17; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, Nos. 60, 61; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. II, No. 15; French: Maugard 1955, No. 23; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Pedroso 1985, No. 45, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 39, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Buryat: cf. liasov 1959 I, 325f.; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 1085A*; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 58; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. I, No. 55; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 58; English-Canadian: Dorson 1952, 95ff.; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1023, No. 112, Lemieux 1974ff. III, Nos. 8, 10, 28; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 433; US-American: Perdue 1987, No. 2; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 61; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 71; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Chadian: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 39; Central African: cf. Fuchs 1961, 30ff.","An ogre (giant) and a man have a contest to see who can make a deeper hole in a tree with his head (fist). The man wins because he already had prepared the tree beforehand: He had cut a hole with his axe and replaced the bark [K61]. Cf. Types 1086, 1640. In some variants, the actors are animals.",NA,"1000, 1003, 1012, 1029, 1045, 1050, 1052, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1088, 1115, 1116, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1086,Jumping into the Ground,"Tubach 1969, No. 1574; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 17; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Hungarian: cf. MNK V, No. 1086*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Kazakh: Makeev 1952, 69ff., Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 161ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Argentine: Hansen 1957.","An ogre (giant, devil) and a man (boy, Gypsy) have a contest to see who can jump deeper into the ground (can get the earth's bowels out). The man wins because he has dug a pit beforehand and covered it with boughs or a mat (buried fish guts in the ground) [K17.1]. Cf. Type 1085.",NA,"1052, 1063."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1087,Rowing Contest,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 22; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","An ogre orders a man to row him to go fishing. The man tells him that he will break the oars. The ogre then rows himself. In some variants, the rowing contest is won by deception: The boat has already been sawn through [K14].",NA,"1052, 1063, 1085, and 1115."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1088,Eating/Drinking Contest,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 186; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 34; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 202b; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1088, 1088*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, 233ff. No. 766, Christensen 1963ff., No. 28; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 147f., English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 329ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 59; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 194, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 88ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 221ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 4, 31; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 10; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 62; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 539; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V, Nos. 1088, 1088*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 271ff.; Slovene: Kelemina 1930m 146; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1088, cf. No. 1088*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 162 III 3 (var. b�ag), 351 IV 3; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 365, 432 (B), Simmons 1986, 276; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 83; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1162 (2).","(Including the previous Type 1088*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) An ogre (giant) and a man (boy) have an eating contest. The man slips his food (drink) into a concealed bag (behind his shirt) and makes the ogre believe he is the bigger eater. In many versions the hero cuts open the bag to eat even more; the ogre imitates and kills himself [K81.1]. (2) The devil (giant) and a man have a drinking contest. The man drinks water, the devil is given alcohol (vinegar, vitriol). The devil feels sick and acknowledges the man as the better drinker [K82.3]. (Previously Type 1088*).",NA,"1000�1029, 1045�1063, 1115, 1640, and also 300, 301, 303, 650A, 1031, 1036, 1084, 1085, 1088, 1116, 1121, 1149, 1563, and 1875."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1089,Threshing Contest,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1089*; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 131; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Hungarian: MNK V; Ukrainian: SUS; Votyak: Munk�csi 1952, No. 85; Puerto Rican: Ramirez de Arellano 1926, No. 90.","The devil (ogre, giant) and a (poor) man have a threshing contest. The man has a wooden flail, the devil one of iron. The old and weak man accomplishes less than the devil. When they finally divide the result, the devil chooses the big heap of chaff, while the man gets the smaller heap of grain [K42.1]. Cf. Type 1030.",NA,"650A, 1052."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1090,Mowing Contest,EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1090, cf. p. 225, 356; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 27; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, No. 1090, cf. No. 1090A, Briggs 1970f. B I, 26, 28f., 66, 92, 145, cf. 137, 269f., Wehse 1979, 150f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","The devil (ogre, giant) and a man (smith, farmer, boy) have a mowing contest. (The man takes the center of the field.) The devil is given a dull sickle (and he mows around the outside of the field, tiring himself out) [K42.2]. In some variants, during the night the man secretly prepares the part of the meadow the devil has to mow the next day: He sticks harrow-tines (teeth) among the grass. Thus the devil's scythe becomes chipped, and the man wins the contest.",NA,"650A, 1030, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1091,Bringing an Unknown Animal (previously Who Can Bring an Unheard-of Riding-Horse),"BP I, 411f., III, 358�364; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 15; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 41, cf. No. 46; EM 5 (1987) 192�199 (R. Wehse); Spring 1988; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 27, 36, 37, 72, 73; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202b(24,25), 204(2,4), 205(1,4), 206(1), 209(2); Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1091, 1092; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1091, 1092; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1091, 1092; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 343, 345, cf. 352; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Wehse 1979, No. 410; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 22(d); Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Webster 1877, 58f.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1183; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 288f., Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1091, 1092; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1091, cf. No. 1091*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 183ff., II 2, cf. 138ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 171; Slovene: Flere 1931, 143ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 89; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1030 (IIIa), 1030 (IIIc); Russian: Hoffmann 1973, No. 1091*, SUS; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1091, 1092; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1092; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 331; Dominican, Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1092**A; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 42; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 1092; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1205.","(Including the previous Types 1092 and 1183*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) The devil (dragon, death, bear) and a man make a deal (contest) to see who can present (after a certain space of time) a horse unlike any other. (The devil puts a mask on a sheep, but the man recognizes it.) The man brings his wife, naked but covered with tar and feathers (hair combed over her face), on hands and knees with her buttocks as the head. The devil has never seen such a horse and is defeated [K216.2]. Cf. Type 812. (2) Like (1) with the difference, that the man is to present an unknown game animal. He brings his wife covered with tar and feathers and pretends to shoot her [K31.1]. (Previously Types 1092, 1183*).","Version (1) is documented in the 16th century, version (2) in the 19th century.",1030.
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1091A,Guessing the Name of the Devil's Secret Plant,EM 5 (1987) 197.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Dutch: Janssen 1979, 44ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Zender 1935, No. 39, Wossidlo 1939 I, No. 592, Cammann 1967, No. 95, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 116; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1091A, cf. No. 1091B*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 184; Croatian: cf. Dolenec 1972, No. 15; Gypsy: MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 17; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 169.","The devil plants tobacco and asks a man who is unfamiliar with this plant to guess its name. (The devil threatens to kill him if he does not succeed.) The man's wife, covered with tar and feathers, approaches the plant (ruins part of the field), so that the devil orders the supposed animal to get away from his tobacco. Thus the name of the plant is discovered [H522, K216.2.1].",NA,1091.
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1093,Talking Contest (previously Contest in Words),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 38; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 232f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, Nos. 23, 77; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1093A*; Argentine: Hansen 1957.","The devil (ogre, giant) tries to outdo a girl (man, boy, shepherd, God) in a talking (counting) contest. He does not succeed (and bursts with rage). Cf. Type 875.","In other variants a bear (wolf) and a fox wager, see Type 7.",NA
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1094,Cursing Contest,,"Hungarian: MNK V; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 24; Rumanian: Dima 1944, No. 31; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 277.","The devil (ogre, giant) and a (poor) man compete to see who can curse (insult, frighten) the other more. The devil frightens the man with hellish tortures or insults him until his clothes fall off his body. The man throws an iron flax-comb against the devil's back (sends arrows as curses against him) [K91].",NA,"1060, 1062, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1082�1084, 1130, and 1149."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1095,Scratching Contest,"BP III, 355�364; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 23; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1095A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Skattegraveren 2 (1884) 68ff.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 223f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 59; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Uther 1990a, No. 67, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 191f., 274ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 94f.; Slovene: Na� dom 3 (1903) 1; Bosnian: cf. Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 154f.; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 20, III, No. 354; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1095A; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1095A; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **169.","(Including the previous Type 1095A.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) An ogre (giant, devil) and a man compete in a scratching contest. The man sends his wife to tell the ogre that her husband has gone to have his nails sharpened. She shows her vulva to the ogre pretending that it is a deep wound her husband has scratched into her body. The ogre flees [K83.1]. (2) An ogre (devil) and a man (boy) have a scratching contest. The man covers himself with several oxhides (wears iron gloves) [K83.2]. (Previously Type 1095A).",NA,"804B, 1030, 1060, 1063, 1084, and 1088."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1096,Sewing Contest (previously The Tailor and the Ogre in a Sewing Contest),EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 24; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 207; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 211ff.; Spanish: RE 6 (1966) 177f.; Frisian: cf. Poortinga 1976, 330; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 256 No. 202, Haiding 1965, No. 212, Haiding 1969, No. 96; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1096, cf. No. 1096A*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 368; Slovene: Komanova 1923, 32ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Mexican: Robe 1973.","The devil (ogre, giant) and a tailor (shoemaker, Gypsy, woman) have a sewing contest. The devil sews with a very long thread: Making his first stitch, he has to run around the house (jump out of the window). When he returns, the tailor has already finished his task and wins the contest [K47].",NA,"800, 804B, 1036, 1063, 1072, 1083, and 1084."
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1098*,Exhaling,,"Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *1098*, *1098**; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1098*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1098**.","(Sometimes part of a contest: Who can exhale more strongly) An ogre (dragon) exhales (sighs, sneezes) so intensely that a man is lifted up in the air. The man pretends that he jumped for joy (to catch a bird, look for his father's club).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Contest Between Man And Ogre 1060-1114,NA,1099,The Giant as Master Builder,"BP I, 495f.; Puhvel 1961; R�hrich 1965, 45�48; Talo 1973; EM 1 (1977) 1393�1397 (I. Talo).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. N401�418, cf. No. 421; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 83; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 7065; German: cf. H�ttges 1937, 59�69, Berger 2001, No. XI A 10.","Miscellaneous type; the following version is the most common: A giant who is a master builder builds a cathedral in a certain city [F531.6.6]. As his payment, he demands something impossible or horrible (sun and moon, the eyes of the person who commissioned the building), unless someone can discover his name. This happens, and the giant loses not only his payment but also his life (he is stoned to death [Q551.3.4]). In some variants the giant (giants) destroys the building when someone calls his name and/or turns into a raven and flies away. Cf. Types 810A*, 1191.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910,The Clever Precepts (previously Precepts Bought or Given Prove Correct),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 126 No. 130, 196 No. 26, V, 89ff. No. 28, VIII, 182 No. 218, IX, 32 No. 24; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 165�167; Wesselski 1925, No. 32; Tubach 1969, No. 1282; Schwarzbaum 1978, 544, 548 not. 15; Pichette 1991; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 949; EM 11,1 (2003) 259�267 (J.-P. Pichette).","Latvian: �mits 1962ff. X, 324ff., Ambainis 1979, No. 78; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Kvideland 1972, No. 41; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 910�914; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 488ff., 504f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 910, 910M; Portuguese: Trancoso/Ferreira 1974, 94ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Meyer 1925b, Cammann 1967, No. 156; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, Nos. 33, 48; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 118 No. 17; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 204; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 56; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 59, 61, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 262, 290; Rumanian: Karlinger/B�rlea 1969, No. 24; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 284ff., BFP, Nos. *910L, cf. *911**; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff.; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 40; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, No. 278, Mykytiuk 1979, Nos. 8, 31; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 308; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 121, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 35, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 910*P, 910*Q, cf. No. **910M; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, Nos. 162, 170; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 73, cf. No. 76; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 49, Levin 1978, No. 31; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1951, 94ff.; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1968, 191ff.; Kurdish: Dalila 1989, Nos. 61, 88; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 322; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, Nos. 42�44; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, 51f., Levin 1986, No. 24; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, No. 26; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 27; Georgian: F�hnrich 1995, No. 4; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 274, Jahn 1970, No. 45, Fadel 1979, No. 60, El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 166ff.; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, Nos. 3, 6; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J163.4, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 910Z, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. III, Nos. 209, 250, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 27; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, Nos. 43, 50, 55; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 46; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 12, IX, No. 8, XIII, No. 7; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, Nos. 25, 26, 69, Rael 1957 II, Nos. 317, 318; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 139; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 1.6.910, 2.1.910.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a person who is given a precept (of various types) by another person. The precept is observed or disregarded [J163.4, J21].","Type 910 deals with the narrative complex of precepts, with similar motifs in varying combinations. As can be seen from the following rich list of variants, such tales about precepts occur in many parts of the world. Some important forms and structures are described in the following Types.",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910A,The Father's Precepts Disregarded (previously Wise Through Experience),"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 195, VIII, 138f. No. 136; K�hler/Bolte 1896, 169�171, No. 81; Tubach 1969, No. 72; Schwarzbaum 1979, 548 not. 15; Pichette 1991, 12�26; R�th 1998; EM 11,1 (2003) 259�267 (J.-P. Pichette).","Finnish 1982ff. II, No. 123; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 910A, cf. *912*; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. II, No. 65, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 910A, 911*; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 54; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, Nos. J21.52, J154, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 16; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 491ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 495f., Wehse 1979, No. 430; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 36, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 910A, 910J, Goldberg 1998, No. J154; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 910A, 911*; Hungarian: MNK IV, No. 911*; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 24; Slovene: Krinik 1874, 5f.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 534ff., III, 467f.; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 289ff., Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 119, BFP, Nos. 910A, 911*; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 157ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 910A, 910J; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, cf. Nos. 910, 910B; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 910A, 911*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 308 V, Boratav 1967, No. 1; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 75; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 910A*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 911*; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 273; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 911*; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 274, El-Shamy 2004, No. 911*; Persian Gulf, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 911*; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 910J, Jason 1989, Nos. 910A, 910J; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 911*; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 230; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 261; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 911*; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 910A, 911*; West African: Klipple 1992, 268; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 910A, 911*; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 911*; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.4.910 A.","(Including the previous Types 910J and 911*.) A dying man gives three precepts to his son (to another person) [J154]. Each variant includes three of the following precepts: (1) Never tell a secret to a woman [J21.22]. (2) Do not make friends with (trust) a policeman [J21.46] (soldier [J21.46], ruler [J21.28]). (3) Do not plant a thorny tree (without permission) on your property [J21.52]. (4) Do not adopt a child [J21.27] (godchild, orphan, child of thief). (5) Do not visit your friends (parents) too often [J21.9]. (6) Avoid the house of a red-bearded man. Cf. Type 1588**. (7) Do not marry a woman from abroad [J21.4] (be careful in your choice of a wife). (8) Do not let your wife go to a wedding accompanied only by her parents (do not let her go for a long visit to her parents [J21.47.1]. (9) Do not bargain for your horse [J21.26], do not make it run down a hill [J21.24]. (10) Do not lend your horse [J21.10]. The son (person) disregards his father's precepts (he thinks they are nonsensical) and suffers misfortune (in order to test the precepts, he acts against them). (1) After burying (hiding) an animal (human being) at a special place he tells his wife about it. When they quarrel and he beats her, she calls him a murderer and he is arrested. (2) His friend arrests him without listening to the true version of the event (he condemns him by jumping to conclusions without identifying the victim). (3) His turban sticks in the thorns of a tree, and his friend forces him to present himself without it. (The thorn tree he planted causes for a quarrel with a neighbor to whom he has to pay compensation.) (4) His adoptive son is willing to execute him, when an executioner is not available. (5) His hosts are annoyed by his numerous visits and offer him bad meals (mindful of his father's advice, he keeps a sample). (6) He passes the night in a forbidden house (where a red-haired man lives). After taking a short-cut, he finds himself in a den of thieves. He escapes (with the help of a servant whom he later marries). (7) He finds out that the woman he intends to marry has a lover (he keeps his trousers as evidence). (8) He lets his wife go to a wedding with her family and her new-born child. Disguised himself as a Turk, he meets her and tries to seduce her and takes her son away. His mother-in-law sets fire to the house and says that the child was killed in the fire. The husband returns the child and forgives his wife. (9) Nobody wants to buy his horse because the price is too too high. It falls sick (is injured) and dies (he keeps the skin as evidence). (10) His mare, which his friend had borrowed, dies from overwork. When his friend apologizes for his mistake he forgives him. Finally he realizes that his father's precepts were indeed wise. (1) Just before he is arrested, he shows the judge where to find the victim. (2) To his astonishment, it is an animal. (3) It turns out that the missing person (animal) is still alive. (4) He explains that he had only intended to test the precepts of his father. (5) He is immediately freed and prosecutes the persons who tried to harm him. (6) He invites his bride and his parents to his home. (7) He explains to them the significance of the souvenirs of his errors. (8) He casts off his bride.",Early literary version see Ruodlieb (11th century).,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 910B, and also 893, 1000, 1004, 1029, 1048, and 1062."
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910B,The Observance of the Master's Precepts (previously The Servant's Good Counsels),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 157 No. 36, VII, 169f. No. 444, VIII, 138f. No. 136; K�hler/Bolte 1896, 169�171, No. 81; BP IV, 149f.; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 117; Tubach 1969, Nos. 70, 3796, 4111; Laurence 1976; cf. EM 3 (1981) 1084�1093 (U. Masing); Pichette 1991, 29�32, 45�576; Lieb 1996, 61�65; Dekker et al. 1997, 418�421; R�th 1998; EM 11,1 (2003) 259�267 (J.-P. Pichette); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 440.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 124; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 182; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 893; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. J21.2, J21.3; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 6, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 15; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, Nos. J21.2, *J21.54, K2155; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 261, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 38; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Berger 2001, No. 910B*; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 846ff.; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 19, X, No. 11; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 75f; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 62; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 23ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 56, II, Nos. 391, 509; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 56ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 53; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 910B, 910E; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 175f.; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 75, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 204 III 3, 256 III 2, 256 III 7, 307 IV, 308 III 2; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 69, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 910L*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 939B�; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 910B, 939B�; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 910B, 910H, Jason 1989, Nos. 910B, 910H; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 177; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 910B, 910H; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 32, Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 229; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Lacourci�re 1976; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 65; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 280, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 910H.) A poor man who cannot provide for his family takes service with a rich farmer for one year for a certain amount of money. After he has completed his service, the farmer gives him his choice of the agreed wages or a good precept. The man chooses the precept: 'Always follow the main road' [J21.5]. Disappointed by this he hires on for a second and then a third year after which he is given various precepts: 'Mind your own business' [J21.6] or 'Do not sleep where a young woman is married to an old man' [J21.3] and 'Always postpone your anger until the next day' [J21.2]. (For other examples see the numerous subdivisions in the motif-index [J21ff.].) Feeling discouraged the poor man gets ready to go home. His master gives him a loaf of bread (with money hidden inside [J1655.2]) which he should not cut until he reaches home [C320]. At a fork in the road the poor man follows the farmer's advice and takes the old main road instead of a shorter new one [J21.5]. He later learns that he would have been waylaid by robbers on the new road [N765, J865]. At dusk he reaches a house where he spends the night. There he sees strange events, but he does not interfere [J21.6]. When he is about to leave, his host calls him back and rewards him with a large sum of money for his discretion (indiscretion would have brought death to the host's wife [D700, D758]). After he has refused to sleep in a house where a young woman is married to an old man [J21.3], he witnesses a murder [K2213.3]. When an innocent man, who spent the night at the woman's house, is condemned for the murder, he testifies to the man's innocence [K2155]. When the poor man finally reaches home and looks through a window, he sees a stranger kissing his wife. He intends to kill the man, but fortunately postpones his anger at the last moment [J21.2, J571]. The stranger was his own grown son. When the family gathers around the table to celebrate their reunion, the poor man cuts the bread and finds all the money he had earned hidden inside [Q20.2].",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 677, 910A, and also 300, 460A, 923B, 930, and 986."
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910C,Think Carefully Before You Begin a Task,"Clouston 1887 II, 317�321; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 192 No. 11, VIII, 140 No. 139, 144f. No. 145B; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 559; Cosquin 1903, 35�40; Basset 1924ff. II, 422 No. 140, III, 126, No. 80; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 60; Tubach 1969, No. 5324; EM 1 (1977) 1215�1217 (H. Stein); Pichette 1991, 32�36; Dekker et al. 1997, 418�421.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 125; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, No. 346; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. J21.1; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 364, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 286, 288, Tomkowiak 1993, 259; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5324; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 126E; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 261; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 313; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 87, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 35, Jason 1965, 1975, Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 89; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 201; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 190ff., Unbescheid 1987, No. 39; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Kratz 1973, No. 33; Egyptian, ALgerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","In the market (public place) a young man (king, prince) meets an old (wise) man in a shop where 'wisdom' is told instead of goods. The old man explains to the wondering young man that the 'wisdom' he sells would be very useful for ruling people. The young man decides to buy a precept for five coins. The old man gives him the following maxim: 'Whatever you do, do wisely and think of the consequences' [J21.1] and he adds that if the young man will follow the precept he will become the most powerful person in the whole kingdom. Upon his father's death the young man becomes king and orders that the maxim be displayed on all the walls of the palace. When enemies bribe his barber to cut the king's throat while shaving him, he reads the maxim at the last moment. Afraid of the possible consequences, he confesses his intention (and desists from his plan). The value of the precept is recognized.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 103).",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910C*,The Officer and the Barber's Apprentice,,"English: Zall 1970, 165; Dutch: Bl�court 1980, No. 4.2; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1559X*; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 205f.; Australian: Wannan 1981, 226.","An officer goes to a barber for a shave. He promises to pay well unless the barber cuts him, in which case the officer will kill him. The barber refuses to shave the officer, and so do the two other barbers in the shop. Only the apprentice will agree to this bargain. All goes well. As the officer leaves, he asks, 'Weren't you afraid' The apprentice answers, 'No. If I had cut you, I would have cut your throat right away with the razor.' Cf. Type 910C.","The version of Johann Peter Hebel, Der Barbierjunge von Segringen, was disseminated in popular almanacs.",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910D,The Treasure Behind the Nail (previously The Treasure of the Hanging Man),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 187; Child 1882ff. V, Nos. 267; Clouston 1887 II, 53; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 133ff. No. 63, VIII, 93f. No. 65; Frey/Bolte 1896, No. 81; Montanus/Bolte 1899, 503f.; Wesselski 1908, No. 34; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 709; Weinreich 1951; Granger 1977, No. n1; Ranelagh 1979, 231�233; Pichette 1991, 36f.; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 291, 459; EM: Schatz hinter dem Nagel (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 126; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 910D*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 33; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 206; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 16; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Emerson 1894, 61ff.; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 406; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 343, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 175; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 11; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 126F; Bosnian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 1; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 175 III, 215 III, 315, 350 III; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 61, Noy 1963a, No. 14, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 54; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 16; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 322; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 134, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 217ff., El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 57, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Marzolph 1994a, 102ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Mexican: Robe 1973; Ecuadorian: cf. Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 42.","When he dies, a rich merchant advises his spendthrift son that if ever he spends his entire fortune, he should hang himself from a special nail (beam, hook) [J21.15]. After his father dies, the son wastes his inheritance with his friends until he has nothing left. When he tries to hang himself in despair, the nail tears out of the wall and a treasure, which his father had hidden there, falls down [N545.1]. From then on the young man leads a virtuous life (pays his debts). Cf. Type 740**.","see Plautus, Trinummus (200 B.C.E.). Other literary versions i.a. in the fables of Aesop (Perry 1965, 497 No. 405) and Basile, Pentamerone (IV,2). Further literary treatment, see the English ballad The Heir of Linne.",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910E,'Find the Treasure in our Vineyard!' (previously Father's Counsel: Where Treasure Is),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 172; Perry 1965, 428f. No. 42; Ranke 1955b, 51f.; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 153; Schwarzbaum 1979, 106 not. 19, 501, 502 not. 11; Schneider 1982, 394; Pichette 1991, esp. 37; EM: Schatz im Weinberg (forthcoming).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Goldberg 1998, No. H588.7; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. H588.7, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 179, Moser-Rath 1984, 286, Tomkowiak 1993, 260; Swiss: Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 291, No. 712; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 401; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 63 (1929) 11; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 101; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: Ver�inin 1962, No. 78; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **910L; Kurdish: Dalila 1989, No. 102; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 47; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A poor dying farmer tells his sons that he has hidden a treasure in his vineyard (field, ground). After his death his children dig everywhere and thus loosen the soil of the vineyard. They do not find any treasure but the vineyard becomes very fruitful. (Then they understand their father's advice.) [H588.7].","Classical origin: Plautus, Trinummus.",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910F,The Quarreling Sons and the Bundle of Twigs,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 93f. No. 65; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 861; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 103; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2980, 4623; EM 3 (1981) 1256�1261 (H. M. El-Shamy); Pichette 1991, 37f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1059.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 282; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Rehermann 1977, 143, 300 No. 42, 399 No. 38, 429 No. 14, 440 No. 1, Tomkowiak 1993, 260f.; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 35, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 438; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 52, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 277; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 145f.; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 132f.; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 48; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1979; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 13; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 26f.; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4246, Klipple 1992, 381f.","A man (king, farmer) explains to his (quarreling) sons, that a bundle of twigs (sticks, arrows, lances) cannot be broken, whereas separately the pieces are easily broken. Thus he demonstrates the value and the strength of unity. His sons apply the lesson [J1021].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 430 No. 53).",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910G,Man Buys a Pennyworth of Wit,"Pichette 1991, esp. 38; EM: Verstand f�r einen Pfennig (in prep.).","English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 238ff., Wehse 1979, No. 430; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 212, Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Trancoso/Ferreira 1974, 53ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 323 III; Jewish: Jason 1965; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 6; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 474.","A rich man has a mistress although he loves his wife. His wife, hoping to change his behavior, asks him to bring her wit instead of a present (gives him a penny to buy the wit). In the market he buys wit in a bundle which also includes some rags. The seller advises him to wear the rags and to present himself as a beggar first to his mistress and then to his wife. His mistress rejects her apparently penniless lover whereas his wife is ready to help him pay his debts. He is convinced of his wife's love, confesses the truth to her, and decides to be faithful to her. The wife is happy that her husband finally has come to his senses [J163.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910K,Walk to the Ironworks (previously The Precepts and the Uriah Letter),"Wesselski 1909, No. 34; Wesselski 1936, 88f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1282, 2205; Schwarzbaum 1980, 273; EM 5 (1987) 662�671 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Pichette 1991, 39f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 437; El-Shamy 1999, No. 26; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 411.","Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 102, Viidalepp 1980, No. 117; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 53ff., 105ff., 348f., Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 45, Cappeller 1924, No. 42; Danish: Stroebe 1915 I, No. 16, Holbek 1990, No. 30; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. K978, K1612; Irish: � Duilearga 1981, No. 50; Welsh: Thomas 1907, 229; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, 106ff.; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, Nos. K978, K1612; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: B�nker 1906, No. 20, Tomkowiak 1993, 261; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 385, Dvo�k 1978, No. 2205; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927 I, Nos. 85, 196; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 92ff.; Rumanian: Dima 1844, No. 24; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *911***; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 50, Lambertz 1952, 106ff.; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 71, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 256 III 5, IV 2, 308 III 2c; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 345, Jason 1965, 1988a, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 218, Haboucha 1992, No. 910*L; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. II, No. 76; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 80; Adygea: Levin 1978, No. 29; Kabardin: Levin 1978, No. 35; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 26; Armenian: Macler 1928f. I, 133ff.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 237ff., Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 94ff.; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 26; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 176ff.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 473ff., Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 16; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 12, Dolidze 1956, 214ff.; Iraqi, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 45; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 910*; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 46, II, No. 136; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, Nos. 83, 84; Togolese: Cardinall 1931, 140ff.; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 80; Somalian: Reinisch 1900 I, No. 34; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3710.","A dying nobleman who had served a long time at the king's court asks the king to employ his son. The king agrees and the dying man gives three precepts to his son. First: 'Never associate with enviers or slanderers' ('Do not talk about what you have seen' or 'Do not dishonour your master's house with adultery'). Second: 'Always sympathize with your master's fortune and emotions'. Third: 'Never pass a church without going inside' ('Never neglect to go to mass'). When his father has died the young man begins his service at the king's court. An envious man slanders him and accuses him of desiring the queen. When he, following his father's advice, starts to weep when the queen weeps, his behavior is interpreted as proof of a love affair and it is decided that he must be killed. His adversary (slanderer) intends to throw him into the blast furnace of the ironworks (limekiln, mine, well, brewery, baking oven) or to kill him by some other means. He is sent to the place where he is to be killed. Those who are charged with his murder are told to kill the first man who arrives (he brings along a message, a letter commanding his murder [K978] or certain object such as a handkerchief or lemon). According to his father's advice, the young man goes to mass on the way and is delayed. His slanderer (adversary), impatient to see him dead, arrives the place before him and is killed instead of him. The innocent young man then reports his slanderer's death. He is restored to favor, or gains fortune, wealth and honour [K1612]. Cf. Type 930.","The observance of three precepts occurs only in some variants. In numerous variants type 910K is combined with 930. A clear distinction between the types is often impossible, as several variants belong to both types. Nevertheless 910K and 930 are fundamentally separate types (see EM 5, 663).",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910L,Do Not Drive the Insects Away,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 375�377; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 186; Schwarzbaum 1968, 361f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2086, 2087; Schwarzbaum 1979, 488�491; EM 4 (1984) 1295�1299 (H.-J. Uther); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 195.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *927C*; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 446; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. J215.1, Goldberg 1998, No. J215.1; Portuguese: Braga 1914f. II, No. 30; German: Harpagiander (1718) No. 794 (EM archive), M�ller 1924, No. 52, Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 389, cf. Neumann 1971, No. 145, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. XII, No. 2VogM/9; Swiss: cf. Tr�mpy 1980; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 103, Scheiber 1985, 326ff., D�m�t�r 1992, No. 328; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2087; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *998**.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A fox crossing a river falls into a crevice and cannot get out. He becomes infested with lice (flies). A hedgehog passing by sees the fox suffering and offers to help. The fox refuses, saying that these lice are already full, and if the hedgehog takes them away, new lice who are even hungrier will come [J215.1]. (2) A sick (injured) man covered with sores is bothered by flies. He refuses any help, saying that hungry flies bite twice as hard as full ones. (3) A merchant is captured by robbers (farmers want to punish a corrupt mayor or a thievish miller, a landlord wants to punish one of his tenants). They undress him (and cover him with honey) and tie him to a tree where there are many flies. A man (knight) offers to drive the insects away, but the merchant refuses, saying that others even worse and more hungry will come in their place. (The farmers set the mayor [miller] free and decide to let him stay in his office, lest someone even greedier would take his place.)","Exemplum of classical origin: Aristotle, Rhetoric (II,20). Documented in the fables of Aesop (Perry 1965, 504 No. 427). Documented since the Middle Ages, e.g. Josephus Flavius, Judaik archaiologia (XVIII,6,5), Gesta Romanorum (No. 51). Known as proverbial phrases, �Hungry flies bite hard� and �Full flies do not sting�.",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910M,Prayers for the Tyrant,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 560; Arlotto/Wesselski 1910, 310; Fabula 1 (1957) 287; Ziegler/Sontheimer 1964ff. V, 1117f.; Tubach 1969, No. 1678; Fleck 1974; Schwarzbaum 1979, 490; Tr�mpy 1980; MacDonald 1982, No. J215.2.1; EM 5 (1987) 803�805 (H. Tr�mpy).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973a, No. 1860: 5; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 312f.; English: Zall 1963, 279; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J215.2.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J215.2.1; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 213, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1446*A, Tubach, No. 1678; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 925A*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 196; German: Neumann 1976, 299f., Rehermann 1977, 285, Moser-Rath 1984, 147, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 163; Swiss: Tobler 1905, 4f., Suter/Str�bin 1980, No. 724; Italian: Lo Nigro 1957, No. *925, Calvino 1959, No. 106; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 49; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1678; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 167f.; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1446*A.","An old woman prays every day for the health of a hated tyrant. Asked why she does this, she explains that she has twice seen a horrible tyrant die, only to be replaced with one even worse. Therefore she hopes that the present one will live for a long time [J215.2.1].","Classical origin: Valerius Maximus, Facta et dicta memorabilia (VI,2, ext. 2). Literary traditions since the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 53).",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,910N,The Magic Box,EM 3 (1981) 612.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 910Z*; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 283; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 315, Br�ckner 1974, 739f., Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. III, 169, Rehermann 1977, 172, Benzel 1992a, 24, Moser-Rath 1994b, 303 No. 384.","A poor farmer (farmwife) complains to his neighbor (clergyman) that his farm is not doing well. The neighbor gives him a box which he says is magic, and tells the farmer to carry it once each day through his house and barn. When the farmer does this, he notices what the problems are and becomes wealthy. In another version, an older woman tells an incompetent housewife that she should look all over her house and yard for a white sparrow. As she does this, the housewife puts everything in order and becomes prosperous.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Das hailtuemb (1551).",NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,912,The Wise Man and the Rain of Fools,"Arlotto/Wesselski 1910, No. 91; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 34, 54; Bambeck 1984; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 724; Marzolph 2002, 757�761.","Jewish: Jason 1988a, No. *912A.","During a certain rainy period, everyone on whom the water falls becomes a fool (is compelled to sing and dance). A wise man arrives and sees that all the adults and children have gone crazy. He joins them in their foolery. He asks why they behave thus, and they reply him that it is because of the rain. The wise man tastes some of the rainwater and he also becomes a fool [J1714.2, D1353.1]. In Arabic variants a ruler hears that everyone who came into contact with the rainwater became crazy, so he does not drink it. But when he sees that he no longer holds his former power and authority, he drinks the water.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,915,All Depends on How You Take It,"EM 3 (1981) 188�190 (R. Wehse); Pichette 1991, 40f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 127; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 40, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 54; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc 1954, 248f., Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, No. 915B; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 33, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 141, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 440, Cardigos (forthcoming); Jewish: Jason 1975; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989.","A widower with a clever, industrious daughter marries a widow with a stupid, lazy daughter. When the children are grown and ready to leave home, their mother (father) gives them three indirectly expressed precepts to guide them in their new independence (employment, marriage). On a visit the mother (parents) realizes that her own daughter has followed the precepts literally and therefore caused herself much trouble. Her stepdaughter, however, recognized the underlying meaning of the precepts (often with the help of her father) and therefore everything goes well for her [J555.1]. Cf. Type 915A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,915A,The Misunderstood Precepts,"Pichette 1991, 41.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 128; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *915B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 221, Karadi 1937, No. 59; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 105; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 520; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 911; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 37; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 910A (3); Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 58, Jason 1989; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 200.","A dying father (mother) gives indirectly expressed advice to his son (daughter) (before marriage): 'Always eat bread with honey' (means: 'Work diligently and your bread will be as sweet as honey') [H588.11], 'God bless you in your labors' (means: 'Start your work earlier than others, so that others will greet you thus and not you them') [H588.12] and 'Always wear your shoes' (means: 'Walk the fields barefooted, wear your shoes only when near the town') [H588.13]. When the son follows these precepts literally, he becomes poor. Only later does he learn their real meaning. Or, the father gives ironic precepts: 'Whenever you feel like gambling, do it until your eyes are red and your cheeks are pale,' 'Whenever you feel like drinking, do it until you are drunk and fall asleep,' and 'Whenever you desire a woman, go there early in the morning and wake her up'. Following the precepts he gambles away all his money. Drinking to forget his losses, he feels so ill the next morning that he wants never to drink again. He visits a woman early in the morning and is so scared by her appearence that he runs home. There he thinks about his father's 'bad' precepts that cured him of gambling, drinking and womanizing. (Other precepts see H588ff.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Good Precepts 910-919,NA,916,The Brothers Guarding the King's Bedchamber and the Snake,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 190 No.1; Schwarzbaum 1968, 332 (B331.1.1), 474; Schwarzbaum 1979, 137 not. 58; EM 6 (1990) 1366; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 929; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 10.","Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 100 III (4�7), 348 IV 5; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Armenian: Levin 1982, Nos. 14, 19, Gullakjan 1990; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 85ff., Reichl 1978, 40ff., Reichl 1986, No. 6; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, Nos. 916A*, 916B*; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 51; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1979, 21f.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 42, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 25ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 178C; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","Several brothers are hired by a king to guard his bedchamber. The first brother sees a snake in the bedchamber and kills it, but a drop of its poison falls on the queen. While he is wiping the poison, she awakes and accuses him trying to attack her [N342.1] (cf. Type 516). The other brothers tell stories against making a hasty decision. The next morning the truth comes to light. The stories: (1) The innocent dog (cf. Type 178A). (2) The faithful dog as security for a debt (cf. Type 178B). (3) The falcon and the poisoned water (cf. Type 178C). (4) The parrot and the fruit of youth. A parrot brings to a king, his master, some fruit of youth. Unbeknown to the parrot a snake has dropped poison on the fruit. The king gives one of the fruits to a dog which dies, and then slays the parrot [B331.3]. Later the truth comes to light.",The combined types refer mostly to the second part of 916 � the stories told by the brothers.,178A�178C.
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,800,The Tailor in Heaven,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 230; K�hler et al. 1894, 48�78; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 110; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 19; BP I, 342�346; Krappe 1933; Almqvist 1975; Ozawa 1991; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann); EM: Schneider im Himmel (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 41; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 35, Berger 2001; Austrian: Graber 1944, No. 428; Ladinian: Uffer 1955, 133ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 1f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 20, 33, 167, 211, II, Nos. 517, 524, 531, Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 167; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Buryat: Holmberg 1927, 441; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Druze: Falah/Shenhar 1978, No. 11; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1.","In God's absence, St. Peter lets an unworthy tailor into heaven [A661.0.1.2, P441.1]. The tailor throws God's footstool at an old woman thief on earth [F1037.1]. He is expelled from heaven [L435.3]. Cf. Types 752B, 801, 805, and 1656.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 330A, 1036, 1063, 1072, 1084, and 1096."
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,801,Master Pfriem,"BP III, 297�305; Schwarzbaum 1968, 24; Tubach 1969, No. 2135; EM 3 (1981) 267�270 (H.-J. Uther); Moser 1982, 92�113, 174�178; R�lleke 1995; EM 8 (1996) 411�413 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Zobel/Eschweiler 1997, 180; EM 9 (1999) 506�508 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 42; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, cf. No. *801*; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 258, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 178; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, Nos. 33h, 78, 84e; Czech: cf. Dvo�k 1978, No. 2135; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 182; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 229ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 59, Jason 1965; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 12; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1249.","A self-righteous shoemaker (driver, rich man) who is never satisfied, criticizes his journeymen, his servants, and his wife. He dreams he is dead. Before he is admitted to heaven, St. Peter warns him [A661.0.1.2] against fault-finding [F13]. Despite his good intentions he continues to complain. He criticizes angels who carry a beam crosswise [F171.6.3], and other angels who carry water in a sieve [H1023.2] (cf. Typ 1180) or pull a wagon with two horses harnessed in front and behind [F171.6.4]. Finally the faultfinder is expelled from heaven [Q312.1]. When he awakes from his dream, he continues to criticize the things he had seen there, showing that his character did not change. Cf. Types 800, 805, 1180, 1248, and 1656.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,802,The Farmer in Heaven,"BP III, 274f.; HDM 1 (1930�33) 351 (W. Heiligendorff); Taylor 1965a; Schwarzbaum 1968, 103, 157f., 469; EM 1 (1977) 1339�1342 (K. Ranke); EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 199; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. I, No. 11, Kristensen 1900, No. 351; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 255; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 265.1; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 258, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 167; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 867; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 289; Italian: Crane 1885, 362; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *802D; Slovene: Kosi 1898, 116; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963f.) 491ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 237ff.","A poor farmer (beggar, old woman, poor girl, preacher) arrives in heaven at the same time as a rich man (priest, lawyer, townsman, nun, hermit, saint, old couple). The rich man enters first and the poor man outside overhears that he is received with rejoicing. When the farmer enters nothing similar happens. When the farmer complains that things in heaven are handled as partially as on earth, St. Peter explains that poor people come to heaven every day, but a rich man comes only once in a hundred years [E758, W245].","This tale is based in the religious principle expressed in Matthew XIX,23�24, �It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.�",NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,802A*,His Faith into the Balance,"Ward 1883f. II, No. 5; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 49, III, 530 No. 322.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f., No. 11, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: Cross 1952, No. E751.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. *V512.3; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A clergyman sees his good and evil deeds being weighed [E751.1, cf. V4.1]. He asks them to have his faith in Christ (Virgin Mary) thrown onto the scale. He is saved [V512.1]. Cf. Type 808.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,803,The Devil in Chains (previously Solomon Binds the Devil in Chains in Hell),Krohn 1907; Balys 1937; EM: Salomo fesselt den Teufel (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rokala 1973, 115, Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 43, 44; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 803*, Loorits 1959, No. 152; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Kvideland 1972, No. 33; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 803*.","Christ rescues dead people (sinners) from hell but leaves Solomon there to rescue himself. Thereupon Solomon forges the devil (Satan, Lucifer) to a chain, which he gnaws at continuously. Every year, just before Easter, the devil nearly manages to bite through the chain, but it immediately renews itself [A1071.1].",NA,"804B, 875."
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,804,St,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 60; BP III, 538�542; Anderson 1927ff. II, No. 16; Schwarzbaum 1968, 160; EM 10 (2002) 810�812 (A. Merkt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 45; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 78 Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, Nos. 275, 356, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 172, Ranke 1955ff. III; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 29; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. I, 56f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1965, 222; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 20; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 248, 249, 256; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 354ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 105.","Peter's Mother Falls from Heaven. St. Peter (other saint) in heaven [A661.0.1.2] is allowed to free his mother (sinner, witch, his father, woodcutter; clergyman, thief) from hell (purgatory). When she is pulled to heaven on a rope (stalk) [F51.1.3] the other inhabitants of the hell (the dead) catch her feet in order to be freed as well. She does not want them to come up and kicks them away. The rope tears and she falls back into hell (St. Peter acknowledges her bad character and casts her out) [Q291.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,804A,The Beanstalk to Heaven,EM 1 (1977) 1381�1386 (�. Kov�cs).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 46; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. II, No. 114, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1889K; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 37.","An old couple climb up a beanstalk (which grows through the roof of their house) to heaven. The old man climbs carrying his wife in a sack which he holds with his teeth. The old woman keeps asking him, ""Is heaven still far away' When he answers, she falls to earth (her husband reaches heaven). In another variant an old couple who climbed to heaven on a beanstalk promise not to eat bread dough (pie, apples) and not to sit in God's little carriage. They break their promise (the woman sits in the little carriage, which promptly drives off with her) and they are are cast out of heaven.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,804B,The Church in Hell,EM 1 (1977) 1384 (�. Kov�cs); EM 7 (1993) 1378�1380 (L. G. Barag).,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 152; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Schiller 1907, No. 16; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 185ff., 190f., 191f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 157, 168, 211, 222, 240, 274, Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, Nos. 157, 168; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 22; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Sink�/D�m�t�r 1990, 28ff., MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1951, No. 20, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A person (Solomon, soldier, smith, miller, shoemaker, Gypsy, farmer, etc.) in hell threatens to build a church (monastery) there. The devil cannot let this happen, so the person is expelled from hell (receives gold as rent, can marry the daughter of a king or a landlord) [K1781].",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1072, 1084, and also 330, 1062,1071, and 1525A."
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,804B*,The Tavern at Heaven's Gate,"Frey/Bolte 1896, 231 not. 44; BP II, 189; Wesselski 1938b, 208 not. 2; Rumpf 1995.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Kuhn/Schwarz 1848, 131f., 484�486; Hungarian: Sklarek 1901, No. 24; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 112ff.","In order to pay his drinking debts a man (Nobis) promises himself to the devil. But he payed the devil by taking a beating instead of his soul, so he is not allowed to enter either hell nor heaven. Thereupon he starts to run a tavern (named 'Nobiskrug') between heaven and hell (outside heaven's gate, outside hell's gate). In some variants so many people remain at the tavern in front of the entrance to heaven that finally the host is allowed to enter heaven as a preventive measure. Or, many candidates for heaven bring their own drinks from earth (they are already drunk), so that the host has to close his business.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,804C,Unsuitable for Hell,EM 1 (1977) 359.,"German: Kubitschek 1920, 43, Jungbauer 1943, 323, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 181; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 181; Austrian: Schmidt 1946, No. 207.","A clergyman assures an old woman that she is not destined for hell because it was made for weeping and gnashing of teeth. She, however, does not have any teeth left any more.","See the verse from the Bible (Matthew VIII,12: �But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth�).",NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,805,Joseph and Mary Threaten to Leave Heaven,"K�nzig/Werner 1973, No. 35; EM 7 (1993) 648�650 (H.-J. Uther).","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 83; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892 I, Nos. 94, 95, Dietz 1951, Nos. 13, 14, Neumann 1968b, No. 93; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 84c; Ukrainian: Knejer 1959, 62; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","St. Peter (God, Christ), the porter of heaven, notices unfamiliar faces among his people. He learns that Joseph had opened the back door for them. When he asks Joseph why he did such a thing, Joseph too becomes angry. He vows that he will not obey St. Peter's orders and threatens to leave heaven with Mary and the child. St. Peter relents [V254.6]. Cf. Types 800, 801.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,808,The Devil and the Angel Fight for the Soul (previously The Devil and the Angel Wait for Souls),"Basset 1924ff. III, 247 No. 146; cf. Wesselski 1936, 79�81; Kretzenbacher 1958; Dorn 1967, 78�80; Schwarzbaum 1968, 158�160, 465, 470; Tubach 1969, Nos. 232, 1501, 1511; Gulli-Grigioni 1976, 293�304; Kindermann-Bieri 1989, 323�326; Wagner 1998; EM: Teufel und Engel k�mpfen um die Seele (in prep.).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. C51, C61; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 808*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: cf. Goldberg 1998, No. E756.1; German: Hen�en 1959, No. 42, Rehermann 1977, 154, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, Nos. 485, 512; Ladinian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 21; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 414; Czech: �r�mkov�/Sirov�tka 1990, No. 16; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, No. 46; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 74; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 750C; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 397, Jason 1965, Nos. 808, 809*, Haboucha 1992, No. 809*; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 808*; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 19, El-Shamy 2004.","The devil and an angel quarrel at the deathbed of a rich miser for his soul. Finally the scale tips in his favor because of a stalk (other objects) which the rich man had used to help a beggar [E751.1, E756.1]. He is granted a place in paradise. Cf. Types 802A*, 808A, 809*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,808A,The Death of the Good and of the Bad Man,"Cf. BP III, 463�471; Tubach 1969, Nos. 232, 1501, 1511; EM: Teufel und Engel k�mpfen um die Seele (in prep.).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 808*, Loorits 1959, No. 153; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 808*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Baughman 1966; French: Soupault 1959, No. 3; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Dutch, Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 381; German: cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. KL 6; Slovakian: cf. Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 151f.; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 26, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1975.","When a good man dies, a bee (his soul) flies out of his mouth. A white and black bird fight over it and the white bird catches it. When a bad man dies, the black bird catches the bee [E721, E734.2, E751.1, E756.1]. Cf. Types 756B, 808. In an Estonian variant an angel shows a rich man how a good man dies by taking him to a deathbed. Two white doves sit at the head of the bed and two black ravens at the foot. When the man dies the doves fly up and take his soul away. At the deathbed of a bad man, the two ravens sit at the head and the doves are at the foot. When the man dies the ravens take his soul away and the doves cry.","Animals (serpent, mouse, ant, etc.) that come out of the mouths of sleeping persons or out of their body as a soul-animal [E721, E730] are also found in other tales (e.g. Types 840, 1645A), but there the animals have a different function.",NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,809*,Rich Man Allowed to Stay in Heaven because of single deed of charity,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 158�160, 465, 470; Alexander 1981, 55�63.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 47; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: cf. Cardigos (forthcoming), No. *773A; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 159; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, EM 8 (1996) 1332; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 809A*; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Sometimes he is repaid and sent to hell.) Cf. Types 750H*, 808.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Heaven 800-809,NA,809**,Old Man Repaid for Good Deeds,,"Serbian: Bogdanovi 1930, No. 26; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 24; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 125, 126, cf. No. 198; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **809.","He helps a beggar (gives him money) to build his house. When he goes there to see it, he finds himself in paradise.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1000,Contest Not to Become Angry,"Cf. BP II, 293f.; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 261�263, 326�329; MacDonald 1982, No. K172; Dekker et al. 1997, 260�263; Hansen 2002, 234�240; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 390; EM: Zornwette (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1�3, 6�8, 11, 13, 40, 43; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 38; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 24; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 88ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 396, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 102f.; German: cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 90, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 48; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 99 No. 78; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 95; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 26, Massignon 1963, No. 23; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 87ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 289, 301, 315, 322; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 158ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 7ff., 41ff., 475f., 477f., Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 223ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 82; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 357; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 111, Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, 59f.; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 414, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 414; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 423, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1000; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1000, 1000A, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 119; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1000, 1000A; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 240; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 25, II, No. 68; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 433f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies, Cape Verdian: Flowers 1953; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 71; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 40; Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 46, El-Shamy 2004.","A farmhand (poor boy, strong man, three sons one after another) agrees to a contest with his master (devil, ogre, priest) that whoever becomes angry first (before the cuckoo calls) must allow strip(s) of skin (flesh) to be cut out of his back (have his nose or ears cut off, be beaten) or must pay a large sum of money. The farmhand (third son) heaps abuse on his master or feigns stupidity until the latter erupts in anger. The master tries to flee but finally must take his punishment [K172, F613.3]. Cf. Types 650A, 1351, and 1920H.",NA,"650A, 1001�1029, 1049, 1063, 1088, 1115, 1120, 1132, 1563, 1685, and also 303, 461, 592, 1036, 1045, 1050�1052, 1060, 1061, 1116, 1150, 1535, 1539, 1561, 1642, 1643, 1910, and 1920C."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1001,Cutting Wood,EM 6 (1990) 1201f. (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1, 11; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a(1), 318; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Ukrainian: SUS.","The devil's helper has to cut some trees for firewood, but his axe does not split the wood (the woodpile becomes larger with every cut). The helper finds a cat (snake) in the pile, kills it, and then is able to finish his work [D2186].",NA,1000.
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1002,Destroying the Master's Property (previously Dissipation of the Ogre's Property),"Dekker et al. 1997, 260�263; EM: Zornwette (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 7; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 318; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 60; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 78ff., Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 94, Holbek 1990, No. 35; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Massignon 1953, No. 11, Perbosc 1954, No. 19, Joisten 1971 II, No. 126; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 165, 167, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1943 I, No. 21; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 87ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 415ff., 421, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 289; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 17, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 69, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 49; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 137; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 432ff., 456ff.; Syrian: Oestrup 1897, 43ff.; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Dejun/Xueliang 1982, 575ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 25; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, Nos. 23, 25; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","A farmhand harms his master (ogre, priest) by destroying (selling, giving away, exchanging) his property [K1400].",NA,"1000, 1003�1012, and also 1029, 1120, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1003,Plowing,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 35; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 1003*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 305, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 98ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 289; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 7ff., 475f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 1003, 1003*, Jason 1975, Nos. 1003, 1003*; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 40, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Jason 1989; Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 40; Argentine: Hansen 1957.","(Including the previous Type 1003*.) A master (ogre, devil) bids his farmhand to plow following the dog (as long as the dog sits still), and to take the horses wherever the dog goes. The farmhand plows over hill and dale. (He beats the dog.) The dog runs home and enters the stable through a small aperture (hole in the wall). To take the horses in the same way, the farmhand cuts them into quarters [cf. K1411]. Cf. Type 650A. In some variants, a farmhand must guard the cattle. In the evening he will get his dinner only if he comes home before the dog. During the first few days, the farmhand does not get dinner. Then he kills the dog. (Previously Type 1003*.)",NA,"1000�1029, and also 461, 650A, 1052, 1060, 1063, 1072, 1084, 1088, 1115, 1116, 1120, 1130, 1132, 1563, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1004,Hogs in the Mud; Sheep in the Air,"BP III, 391f.; MacDonald 1982, No. K404.1; EM 9 (1999) 515; Schmidt 1999, No. 1525P; cf. Hansen 2002, 234�240; EM: Schw�nze in der Erde (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 8, 9; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202b, 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1525G*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1004, 1525P; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1004, 1525P; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 35; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 88ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 377, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 48; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 95; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 26, Massignon 1963, No. 23; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 88ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 301; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 345f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, 3009A, II, No. 5310; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 1004, 1525P; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 207ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1004, 1525P; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 82; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1004, 1525P; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 352 (4); Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 1004, 1525P; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 9; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 41; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 241; North American Indian: Robe 1973; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 241 No. 1; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies, Cape Verdian: Flowers 1953; African American: Burrison 1989, 36f., 154; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 442; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1525P.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) Left to guard the pigs (cows, horses), a farmhand sells them but sticks their severed tails in the muddy ground. His master pulls the tails out and thinks that the pigs are sunk in the mud (have escaped underground) [K404.1]. (2) A farmhand sells his master's sheep and hangs their severed tails (bells) in a tree. He thus makes the master believe that the sheep have been carried away by a strong wind (have escaped into the air, have gone to heaven) [K404.3]. (3) A farmhand (thief) kills one ox and puts its tail in the mouth of another, so that his master (the owner of the ox) thinks one ox has eaten the other [K404.2]. (Previously Type 1525P.)",NA,"1000�1029, 1115, 1563, and also 650A, 1036, 1045, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1052, 1060, 1062, 1088, 1120, 1132, 1361, 1535, 1539, 1685, and 1737."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1005,A Bridge (Road) of Carcasses (previously Building a Bridge or Road),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2�4, 6, 11; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a(3), 318; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 60; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 78ff., Kristensen 1884ff., No. 52, Holbek 1990, No. 35; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 167, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1943 I, No. 21, Ortutay 1957, No. 30, Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 87ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 289; Croatian: �ulji 1968, 30ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 188ff., 496f., Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 67, Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 25.","An ogre orders a man to build a bridge (road) not of wood, stone, iron, or earth. The man slaughters all the ogre's livestock and builds the bridge out of their carcasses [K1441].",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1031, 1049, 1050, 1052, 1115, 1130, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1006,Casting Eyes,EM 1 (1977) 1006�1010 (H. Lixfeld).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 4; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a(3), 202b(19,21), 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 35; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 181�186; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 68; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 246; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 191ff.; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1442; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973.","A farmhand is ordered by his master to 'cast an eye' over something (somebody). He intentionally takes this request literally, kills the master's livestock, and throws the animals' eyes at the object (person) [K1442]. Cf. Type 1685, where the misunderstanding is unintentional.",Popular as a proverbial phrase.,"1000�1029, 1052, 1115, 1685, and also 300A, 301, 303, 570, 1031, 1050, 1051, 1063, 1072, 1088, 1090, 1121, 1132, 1162, and 1696."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1006*,'Kill the Sheep that is Looking at You,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001, Nos. 1000, 1006; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 327; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II, No. 1017**; Bulgarian: BFP, cf. No. *1006**; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 25; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 2, MNK X 1; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 195ff.; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Ver�inin 1962, No. 66; Siberian: Soboleva 1984.","' A farmhand is told by his master (devil) to kill the sheep that looks at him first. The whole flock looks at him, so that the farmhand kills all the animals.",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1116, 1132."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1007,Other Means of Killing or Maiming Livestock [K1440],"Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 15, 40; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 164, 167, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Freitas 1996, 51f., 108ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 22; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 91ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III 7ff., 475f., Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 223ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1007, 1007*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 330 (2�3), 357 III 3a; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, 59; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 423; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1000 I d; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 186, Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957.","Miscellaneous type with diverse variants, e.g.: A farmhand is ordered by his master to pasture the cattle in such a way that they come home dancing and laughing, so he makes them limp and tears off their lips. A farmhand frightens his master's oxen on a bridge so that they drown. A farmhand removes the skin of oxen's legs so that they will not get them wet while drinking.",NA,"650A, 1000�1029, 1120, 1132, 1653, and also 1049, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1088, 1115, 1116, 1361, 1563, 1642, 1681B, 1685, and 1910."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1008,Lighting the Road,"Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1, 3, 6, 11, 40; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 35; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 89ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 94ff.; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 158ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 54; Bulgarian: BFP; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 425A, 545; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.",A farmhand is ordered by his master to light the road (paint the house red). He sets the house on fire [K1412].,NA,"1001�1029, and also 461, 1052, 1115, 1120, 1132, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1009,Guarding the Store-room Door,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 345; Basset 1924ff. I, 477 No. 173; Penzer 1924ff. V, No. 128; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 877; Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: T�r bewacht (in prep.); EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 6; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 202b(26), 263(2,7), 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1009, 1014*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1886f., No. 52, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 94; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 92, 243; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 91; Slovene: Komanova 1923, 95ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3012, 3028; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1956f. I, No. 40, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 323 IV, 324, 333 III 6; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 378; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 423; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 205; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1014.) A farmhand (foolish man or woman) is ordered to guard the door of the store-room (house). He pulls the door off its hinges and carries it with him [K1413]. Cf. Type 1653. In some variants, a farmhand is asked to close the door tightly. He uses iron nails in order to do so [K1417]. (Previously Type 1014.)",NA,"653, 1000�1029, and also 592, 650A, 1045, 1063, 1072, 1120, 1130, 1132, 1211, 1285, 1291, 1291B, 1381B, 1387, 1642, 1643, and 1681B."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1010,Repairing the House,"EM 6 (1990) 620f. (P.-L. Rausmaa); Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 4; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 60; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 78ff., Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 52, Kristensen 1897a, No. 1; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Bl�mml 1906, No. 16; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 163, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: cf. Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 78; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II, No. 1016**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 87; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 289; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides 1979, No. 137; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1013**; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 72; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1013**; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 195ff.","A farmhand is ordered to repair the house (tidy up the rooms, rebuild the dunghill, fill up a well). He takes all the objects outside (tears out the stove or the floor, smashes the furniture or the dishes, carries everything to the dunghill, throws it into the well, etc.). In some variants, the farmhand is told to do what the neighbors do. He tears off the roof (destroys the house) [K1415].",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1115, 1561, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1011,Tearing up the Orchard (Vineyard),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 327; Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 59, Maugard 1955, No. 23; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 165, 167, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Webster 1877, 6ff., 11ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 409, Cardigos (forthcoming); Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 26; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 345ff. No. 422; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 71ff.; Jewish: Jason 1975; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 241ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 161; Argentine: Hansen 1957.",A farmhand is told to cut wood. He cuts down a neighbor's orchard (vineyard) [K1416].,NA,"1000�1029, and also 1036, 1062, 1088, and 1563."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1012,Cleaning the Child,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 150; Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 4, 27, 41; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202b(19,20), 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 78ff.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1012, cf. No. *1012; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 88; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 94ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 34, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 357 III 3a; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979, No. 1012*; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 187, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Indonesia: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 241.",A farmhand is ordered by his master to wash the child. He holds the child under water until it is drowned (cleans the child outside and inside: takes the intestines out and washes them) [K1461.1]. Cf. Type 1016.,NA,"1000�1029, 1120, and also 1050, 1052, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1072, 1115, 1132, 1150, 1642, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1012A,Seating the Children (previously Cleaning the Children),EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A farmhand is ordered to seat the children. He seats them on pointed sticks and impales them [K1461.3].,NA,"1000�1029, and also 1120, 1910."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1013,Bathing (Warming) Grandmother,"Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 518 not. 16; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 181�188, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); German: Berger 2001, No. 1000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 64, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 323, 324 III 13; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, West Indies: Flowers 1953; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",A farmhand is ordered to bathe (warm) the grandmother. He scalds her or puts her on (into) the stove [K1462]. Cf. Type 1121.,NA,"1000�1029, 1653, and also 400, 1291B, 1537, 1643, and 1681."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1015,Forging a Hiss (previously Whetting the Knife),"Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Aarne 1920, No. 1054**; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1015*; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 101; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Hungarian: Dobos 1962, No. 30.","A man (boy) wants to (is expected to) learn how to forge metal objects simply by watching the smith. After a while (three years) he finishes his 'apprenticeship'. As his first piece, he wants to forge a plowshare for a farmer (his uncle). He hammers so powerfully that the iron becomes too thin for a plowshare. So he decides to forge an axe instead. This does not work out, either. From the rest of the iron, he tries to forge a knife and after that an awl. Finally only a tiny piece of iron is left. He tells the farmer that he will forge him a hiss and throws the iron into water, where it sinks hissing [W111.5.9]. In some variants, a farmhand is ordered to whet a knife. He whets the whole blade away [K1418].",NA,"1007, 1008, and 1010�1017."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1016,Cleaning the Horse,"Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1016*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Grannas 1957, No. 38; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, cf. No. 327 III; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1000 I d, cf. No. *1681 C (2); Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A master (devil) asks his farmhand to clean the horse(s). The farmhand cuts off the horse's tail (mane, etc.) (washes the horse in boiling water, curries it with a sharp razor) [K1443]. In some variants, the farmhand cleans the horses both outside and inside: He takes their intestines out and washes them. Cf. Type 1012.",NA,1000�1017.
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1017,Covering the Whole Wagon with Tar,"Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; EM: W�rtlich nehmen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, 150; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1014**; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 78ff., Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 511, Holbek 1990, No. 35; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 22; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1635*: 8; German: Meyer 1932, 196ff., Grannas 1957, No. 38, Neumann 1968a, No. 115, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. V, No. 1ZX/580; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1943 II, No. 49, D�gh 1955f. II, No. 58; Rumanian: Kremnitz 1882, No. 12; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A master (devil) tells his farmhand to grease the wagon. The farmhand covers the whole wagon (the inside of the wagon) with tar [K1425].,"Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Der reich pawer mit den m�nichen (1548).","1000�1029, and also 1685, 1875."
Religious Tales,Labor Contract 1000-1029,NA,1029,The Woman as Cuckoo in the Tree,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 151; W�nsche 1905b, 29, 33, 36ff., 47, 51ff., 61, 106; EM 5 (1987) 192�199, esp. 192�194 (R. Wehse); Dekker et al. 1997, 260f.; cf. Hansen 2002, 234�240.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 7; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 318; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 35; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Bl�mml 1906, Nos. 15�17; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 163�167, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 5(II); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 409, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 26; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2 87ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 289; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000, cf. No. 3626; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 223ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 40.","The anger bargain between a master (ogre) and his farmhand is to end when the cuckoo calls. (Cf. Type 1000.) In order to hasten the contract's end, the master's wife climbs into a tree and imitates the cuckoo. The farmhand recognizes the trick and shoots (throws a stone) at the 'bird'. The woman is killed [K1691].",NA,"1000�1028, 1115, 1120, and also 100, 650A, 1036, 1045, 1048, 1049, 1052, 1060�1063, 1085, 1088, 1116, 1132, 1150, 1361, 1563, 1600, 1642, 1653, 1681B, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1115,Attempted Murder with a Hatchet,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 41; EM 9 (1999) 893�897 (C. Schmitt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1, 3, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 27, 40, 41; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, Nos. 60, 61; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 329ff., 331ff.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 59; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 6(1); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 319, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 32; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 26; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 270ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 30, 123, 132, II, No. 476; Slovene: Zupanc 1932, 12ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 185, 188, 189; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1115, cf. No. *1115*; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 33, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 162 (4), 162 III 4; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 37; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 279; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 16; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 191, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XV, No. 10; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 25; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto-Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004; East African, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.106.","In a contest, an ogre (giant, devil, bear) has been defeated by a (young, foolish, strong) man and wants to kill him while he is sleeping. The man learns about this plan und puts an object (e.g. butter cask) under his bedspread. The ogre strikes it with a weapon (often axe). In the morning, the man tells the ogre that he was troubled by vermin [K525.1].","Already documented in the Old Testament (1. Sam. XIX,13).","1000�1063, 1084�1089, 1149, 1640, and also 300, 301, 303, 313, 328, 507, 650A, 1071, 1072, 1116, 1120, 1121, 1132, 1133, 1147, 1153, and 1563."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1116,Attempted Burning,EM: Verbrennen (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1, 2, 12, 14, 40; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Hungarian: MNK V; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 97; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1116**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 162 III; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 36; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Macler 1928f. I, 62ff., cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 64; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 1084 II (1); Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) An ogre (giant, devil) has been defeated by a man in a contest and wants to burn him while he is sleeping. The man learns about this plan and hides in another place. When the ogre returns to the scene of fire, the man is found sitting in the ashes saying that it was a little hot [K1733]. Cf. Type 1115. (2) The devil wants to burn his helper. He locks him up in the hot bathhouse, but the man knows how to escape (runs away, digs a hole under the floor). (3) The devil and a young man make a contest to see who can stand more heat. When both of them are getting hot, the man pretends that he is cold and asks for a pillow. The devil gives up.",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1049, 1052, 1060, 1063, 1085, and 1115."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1117,The Ogre's Pitfall,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 42; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b(22); Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Portuguese: Louro 1986, 333f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 1116*, *1116A; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 161 III 5 (var. a); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 87ff.; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 1117, 1117B*; Indian: cf. Mode/Ray 1967, 111ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1117A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957.","An ogre (ogress, giant, demon) arranges a trap for a man (tells a man to climb a tree which the ogre has cut). The man tricks the ogre so that he falls into the trap himself (is killed by the falling tree) [K1601]. In some variants, an ogre (animal) is tricked into a basket and then rolled down a mountain, or a demon is told to put a millstone around his neck to help him cross the sea. He drowns.",NA,"1000, 1115, and 1116."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1119,The Ogre Kills His Mother (Wife) (previously The Ogre Kills his Own Children),"BP I, 124�126, 499�501; EM 2 (1979) 268�270 (H. Lixfeld); Scherf 1995 I, 237�240, 454�458, 682�685, II, 784�786, 1291�1294; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 21f.; Hansen 2002, 301�305; EM: Teufel t�tet Frau und Kinder (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 44; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 62; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 154f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 56; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 68; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 248ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 215, 317, 333, II, Nos. 485, 544; Slovene: Kocbek 1926, 37ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Greek: Megas 1956f. I, No. 30, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 160 (4), 161 III 3; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 79; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. 327 II j, *1119; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North American Indian: Thompson1919, 358ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 18; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 139; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, Nos. 58, 59; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: cf. Kosack 2001, 521; Guinean, East African, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 11, El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.3.101�2.3.107; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 968, 969.","An ogre (devil) intends to kill a (young) man who is staying in his house overnight. During the night the man exchanges his place with the ogre's mother (wife, daughter). The ogre mistakenly kills his mother instead of the man [K1611]. Cf. Type 327B.",This motif is usually combined with other motifs of �the outwitted ogre�. It is also part of Type 327B (where the ogre�s children are killed); a detailed description can be found there.,"313, 327B, 328, 531, and 1535."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1120,The Ogre's Wife Thrown into the Water,"BP I, 499f., III, 451; EM 2 (1979) 268�270 (H. Lixfeld); EM: Teufel t�tet Frau und Kinder (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 1, 11; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 167, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 731, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Meyer 1932; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II, No. 1015**; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 97; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 23; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 41ff., 477f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 223ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 357 (5), 357 III 3a (var. c, i); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","While they spend the night near a river, an ogre (devil) and his wife want to drown their helper. During the night, the man changes places with the ogre's wife, so that the ogre mistakenly throws his own wife into the water. In some variants, the ogre is tricked into throwing his wife into a well [Cf. G519.1.4].",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1085, 1120, and 1132."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1121,The Ogre's Wife Burned in Her Own Oven,"Cosquin 1922a, 349�399; BP I, 115�126; Scherf 1995 I, 548�554; EM: Teufel t�tet Frau und Kinder (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 21, 24, 25, 49, 300, 327, III, Nos. 12, 43; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918, cf. No. 327A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 327C, F, G; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 62; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1121, cf. No. 328; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 271; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 266f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 15; Italian: cf. Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 44; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 317, 333; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 230; Albanian: Hahn 1918, No. 95; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 8; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 152 IV f; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 17; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 2, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1951, No. 24; Syrian, Palestinian, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 16; Chinese: Ting 1978; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 358ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 333; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 187; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Jahn 1970, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004; Angolan: Chatelain 1894, No. 8.","A man throws the ogre's (giant's, devil's) wife (sister, mother, daughter) or a witch into the fire (furnace) or tricks her into climbing into her oven. The ogress is burned [G512.3.2.1]. Cf. Type 327A.",This motif is usually combined with other motifs of �the outwitted ogre�. It is also part of Type 327A; a detailed description can be found there.,"1045, 1049, 1062, and 1119."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1122,The Ogre's Wife Killed Through Other Tricks,"BP I, 115�126.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 40; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, 53 No. 42; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *1122; Slovene: Kocbek 1926, 37ff.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 231; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1122A*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 76; Tadzihikian: cf. STF, No. 206; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 34; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, cf. No. 182; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 2, XX, No. 9; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 241ff.","Miscellaneous type. E.g. a man stabs her with her own knife, or she is persuaded to test a rope and hangs herself [G519.1]. Cf. Type 328.",NA,"1000, 1007, 1008, 1115, 1116, 1119, and 1121."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1130,Counting out Pay,"BP III, 420�423; Merkelbach 1964; EM 6 (1990) 69�72 (H. Lixfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 3, 11�13, 20; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 89(9), II, Nos. 202b, 202c, 228, 286(7); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1899, No. 484; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Massignon 1968, No. 58; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 34, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 66; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 25; Walloon: Legros 1962, 88f.; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 195, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 182f., 609; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 491; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 36f.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 85; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; US-American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957, No. *773B; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 103; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1963, 12f.","Using a trick, a man is released from an agreement with the devil (seldom with another demonic being). The devil has to give the man a hat (boot, bag or other container) full of gold. The man digs a pit and plans his hat with a hole in it (fixes a bottomless container on the roof of a house) so that the devil has to give him an enormous amount of gold (cannot fill the container). The devil disappears [K275]. Cf. Type 773**.",Documented in the 16th century.,"1000, 1045, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1084, and 1152."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1131,Hot Porridge in the Ogre's Throat,EM: Schlund des Unholds verbrannt (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 26, 45, 46; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, No. M211.10*(c,b), Briggs/Tongue 1965, No. 6; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1191C*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Byelorussian: SUS; Indian: cf. Hahn 1906, No. 14; Chinese: cf. Eberhard/Eberhard 1976, No. 106; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 25; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 1131A, 1131B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Polynesian, New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, No. G512.3.1; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 114; Algerian: cf. Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 I, No. 20; Congolese: Weeks 1922, No. 1; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Nos. 30.1, 30.1.1.","A man (woman, animal) who is threatened by an ogre (devil, demon, robber, tiger, badger) burns the ogre's throat by feeding him hot porridge (hot stones instead of rice-cakes or potatoes, glowing coal instead of fish, etc.) [G512.3.1, K1033].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1132,Flight of the Ogre with his Goods in the Bag,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, No. 201.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 1; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II, No. 1014**; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 134G; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 187�189, cf. No. 36; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 223ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 357 (4); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 357f.; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 81; Karachay: Lajpanov 1957, 25ff.; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 195ff.; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, Nos. 72, 75, 85; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 71; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 392, cf. No. 257; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 352f.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 195ff.; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 52; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 432ff., 456ff.; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1959, 48ff., Vatagin 1964, No. 26; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: cf. Tauscher 1959, No. 54; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 58, 59; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 17; Congolese: Weeks 1922, No. 7.","An ogre (giant, devil, master) tries to get away from his farmhand. The farmhand hides in the ogre's bag (chest) so that the ogre unwittingly takes him along [Cf. G561]. Cf. Type 311.",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1049, 1060, 1063, 1082, 1115, 1116, and 1120."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1133,Making Strong (previously Making the Ogre Strong by Castration),EM: Starkmachen (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 47; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1134; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1133, 1134; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 766, Kristensen 1892ff. I, 441; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Wehse 1979, No. 409; French: Krypt�dia 2 (1884) 53f.; Hungarian: MNK V, Nos. 1133, 1134; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1134; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1134; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1134; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Druze: Falah/Shenhar 1978, No. 26; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989, Nos. 1133, 1134; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 2; Guianese: cf. Koch-Gr�nberg/Huppertz 1956, 174f.; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 1134.","(Including the previous Type 1134.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man tells an ogre (giant, devil) that an ox (horse) is strong because it is gelded [K1012.1]. To become strong, the ogre orders the man to castrate him, and they agree that the ogre will castrate the man the next day. The man substitutes his wife in man's clothes [K241]. The ogre thinks that she is already castrated. (Cf. Type 153 with the bear in place of the ogre.) (2) An ogre (demon) wants to become as strong as a man. In order to toughen (heal) the ogre, the man scalds him (injures him otherwise) [K1012.2]. (Previously Type 1134.)",NA,"1049, 1060, 1115, and 1119."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1135,Eye-Remedy,"BP III, 369�378; Schwarzbaum 1968, 355; Schwarzbaum 1979, 199 not. 10, 209 not. 16, 241 not. 7; EM 10 (2002) 1174�1184 (J. Conrad).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 48, 49, Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. G1701, G1711, G1721, M87; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 211a, 211b; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1135, 1136; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 1135, 1136; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1135, 1136; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Wichmann 1916, No. 2; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1135; Norwegian: Olsen 1912, 195f., 215ff., Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K1011; Scottish, English: cf. Baughman 1966, No. K602.1; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 455, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: cf. Hubrich-Messow 2000, No. 1136; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 81; Slovene: Zupanc 1932, 32ff.; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, 9f.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1136; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, Nos. 1135, 1136; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1136; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 77; Tatar, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 11; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 285ff.; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 1136; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1135, 1136.","(Including the previous Type 1136.) A man (with the absurd name 'Myself') pretends to heal (replace) the eyes of an ogre (giant, devil, cobold, water nix, fairy child, jackal) [K1010]. He pours a glowing mass (melted lead or tin) into the ogre's eyes so that he is blinded [K1011]. Queried about who has hurt him, the ogre answers, 'Myself.' Cf. Types 1137, 1138.",NA,"1000, 1051, 1052, 1060, and 1088."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1137,The Blinded Ogre,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 64ff. No. 348; Hackman 1904; BP III, 369�378; R�hrich 1962f. II, 213�250, 447�460; R�hrich 1976, 234�252; Fehling 1977; Scherf 1995 I, 719�721; Dekker et al. 1997, 279�282; Conrad 1999; Montgomery 1999; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 123�131; Nascimento 2001; Hansen 2002, 289�301; EM 10 (2002) 1174�1184 (J. Conrad); Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 520f. (M. Kern); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 179, 229.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 50, 51; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 212; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 61; Livonian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 410f., BI, 194, 207, 222ff., 307f., 314; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 325, B I, 314ff.; French: Blad� 1886 I, No. 3; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 76ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 276, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 26, De Simone 1994, Nos. 31, 91d; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929f. II 1, 239; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 81; Slovene: cf. Eschker 1986, No. 11; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 382; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 45; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 502ff., III, 462f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 494; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 146; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 145, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1994b; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 25; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 62�64; US-American: Roberts 1974, Nos. 107, 161; Spanish-American: TFSP 32 (1964) 39, 34 (1967) 114; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 170; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Polyphemus, Tepeg'z) A man (together with others) who is traveling (in a forest, in the wilderness) accidentally comes to the cave (hut) of an (one-eyed [F512.1.1, F531.1.1.1]) ogre [G100] living alone (with his mother) and tending sheep. The ogre catches the man and threatens to devour him. The man pretends to be a physician [K1010] and promises to heal the ogre's eye(s) (the ogre falls asleep). The man heats a metal spear, thrusts it into the ogre's eye [K1011], and escapes from the blinded ogre by covering himself with a sheepskin [K521.1] or by hiding under the belly of a ram that walks out of the cave [K603]. Cf. Types 953, 1135. In some variants, the ogre later tries to recapture the man by using a magic ring (object) which compels the fugitive to keep calling out,'Here I am' [D1612.2.1]. The man succeeds in escaping from the ogre once more: He cuts off his finger with the ring and throws it into the sea. The ogre goes after the ring and is drowned.","The most famous literary version is part of Homer�s Odyssey (IX,106�545).","This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 300, 953, 1115, 1135, and 1199A."
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1138,Gilding the Beard,"Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1066.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 52; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wotian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 63, cf. Kristensen 1900, Nos. 348, 605�607; Basque: Webster 1877, 55f.; Portuguese: Fontes 1975, No. 39, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: cf. Eisel 1871, No. 31, cf. Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 367; Swiss: cf. Jecklin/Decurtins 1916 I, 218, 276; Italian: Pitr� 1941 I, No. 64, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: cf. FL 7 (1896) 154f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, No. 1138, cf. No. 1138*; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1139, cf. No. 1138**; Ukrainian: SUS; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 338; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1940**I; Chilean: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 1940**J; Ethiopian: cf. Gankin et al. 1960, 128ff.","A (young) man who calls himself 'Such a one' persuades an ogre (devil, priest) to have his beard gilt. He covers the beard with tar and leaves the ogre stuck to the tar-kettle. The ogre wanders around with his kettle and asks everyone, 'Have you seen such a one' [K1013.1]. In some variants, a trickster who calls himself 'Such a thing' pretends to heal a woman: He covers her with treacle. When she asks her neighbors, 'Have you seen such a thing' they tell her that they never have. Cf. Types 1135, 1137.",NA,1135.
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1139,Carrying a Sham-Dead Person (previously The Ogre Carries the Sham-Dead Man),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 53; Irish � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Russian: SUS.","An ogre (giant, devil) carries an apparently dead man and pretends that the man already smells [K522.2].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1140,Sleeping with Open Eyes,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 54; Lappish, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 100ff.; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indonesian: cf. Vries 1925 I, No. 84; Spanish-American: cf. Robe 1973.","A man claims to sleep with open eyes. Thus he beguiles an ogre (devil) into sleeping, and can rob him [K331.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1141,Drinking a Reflection (previously Drinking Girl's Reflection),EM: Spiegelbild im Wasser (forthcoming).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 55; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1141*; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 300, 333A, 334.","An ogre (giant, devil) sees the reflection of a beautiful girl (fugitives [R351]) in the water. He attempts to drink the lake (river) dry (and bursts) [J1791.6.2]. Cf. Types 34, 92, 408, 1335'1336A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1142,How the Lazy Horse Was Cured (previously Hot Tin under the Tail of the Ogre's Horse),"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 64.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, No. 11; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1142*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1682*; Walloon: Legros 1962, 110f.; German: Schell 1932, 50f.; Austrian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 205 No. 31; Hungarian: G�czi 1989, No. 118; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 39; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 93, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 26; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 223, IV, Nos. 445, 454; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4262; Bulgarian: Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 254; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, No. 1682*; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. I, No. 13, SUS, No. 1682*; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1682*, Jason 1988a, No. 1682*; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1682*; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 12; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 1682*; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1682*.) An ogre (giant, farmer) has a lazy horse (donkey). A man (smith, pharmacist) advises him to put something burning (e.g. pepper, hot paprika, hot tin) into the horse's anus. The owner does so and the horse runs away [K1181]. (In order to catch the animal, the owner tries the remedy himself and runs faster than his horse.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Kills (Injures) Ogre 1115-1144,NA,1143,Ogre Otherwise Injured,,"Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: EU, No. 2513; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1143C1, *1143D; Hungarian: MNK V, No. 1143*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1143C; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1143A; Moroccan: Lebedev 1990, No. 22.","(Including the previous Types 1143A'1143C.) Miscellaneous type. An ogre (giant, devil, witch, old man) is tricked into getting his tongue (nose, beard) caught in a split log of wood (hole in the door) ' cf. Types 38, 151, 1159, 1160. After his tongue has been cut off, the ogre cannot speak clearly and gets into trouble (previously Type 1143A), or his nose is caught in the ventilation hole in the roof (previously Type 1143B). In some variants, the ogre is persuaded to sit on a pole and is pierced to death. (Previously Type 1143C.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1157,The Ogre and the Gun (previously The Gun as Tobacco Pipe),"BP II, 529�531; EM: Waffen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 60, 61; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 273 No. 1.2.1.17; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 1158; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 1157, 1158; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. I, Nos. 454, 455, II, Nos. 508, 509; Welsh: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 118, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 27; German: Hen�en 1932, 89ff., Hen�en 1935, No. 162, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 22, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001, No. 1157, cf. No. 1157*; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 256 No. 201, cf. Haiding 1969, No. 37; Italian: Finamore 1882f. I 2, No. 57; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 10; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: Zelenin 1915, No. 40, SUS; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 173; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 309; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 166ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Baughman 1966; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1889, No. 17, cf. Moreno 1947, No. 21; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","(Including the previous Type 1158.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) An ogre (devil) has never seen a gun. A hunter tells him that it is a tobacco pipe. The ogre puts the end of the gun in his mouth, and the hunter pulls the trigger. The ogre spits, supprised that the tobacco is so strong [K1057]. (2) An ogre wants to look through a gun barrel in the smithy. The smith shoots [J2131.4.1]. (Previously Type 1158.) Cf. Type 1228.",Popular as a proverbial phrase.,"330, 785, 1071, and 1072."
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1159,The Ogre Caught in the Cleft (previously The Ogre Wants to Learn to Play),"BP I, 68f., II, 99f., 421f., 528�531, III, 259; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 266; Bynum 1978; EM 3 (1981) 1261�1271 (H. Breitkreuz); Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 41; Scherf 1995 II, 1296�1298; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 30, III, Nos. 4, 14, 62; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 60b, II, No. 202b(22); Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1159, 1160; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1159, 1160; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1159, 1160; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1159/1160; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1160, p. 345; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984, No. 1160; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Irigaray 1957, 126f.; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 479; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 29; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 114, III, No. 196, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 21, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Nos. 1159, 1160, Berger 2001, No. 1178**; Austrian: Pl�ckinger 1926, No. 67; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 34; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V, Nos. 1159, 1160; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 197, 200f., 282f., II 2, 389f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 103, 223, 324, II, Nos. 381, 410, 437; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 75; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 57; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1159, 1160; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 69; US-American: Dorson 1964, 79f.","(Including the previous Type 1160.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) An ogre (giant, devil, dragon) wants to learn to play a flute (violin, bagpipes). A man (boy, shepherd) tells him that his fingers are too crooked (claws too long) and they first have to be straightened (cut). The man squeezes the ogre's fingers in a cleft of a tree (vice) and beats him [K1111.0.1]. The ogre frees himself and threatens revenge on the man. The next time they meet, the man shows the ogre the naked genitals of his wife. When he sees the crevice, the ogre flees [K1755]. Cf. Types 38, 151, and 1095. (2) A man wants to expel an ogre (devil) from a haunted castle. He catches his beard (fingers) in a cleft (vice) [K1111.1]. Sometimes ends like version (1). (Previously Type 1160.) Cf. Types 326, 1162.",NA,"1045, 1049, 1061, 1178, and also 38, 151, 326, 330, 400, 850, 1052, 1063, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1161,The Bear Trainer and his Bear,"Christiansen 1946, 70�94; R�hrich 1962f. I, 11�26, 235�243; EM 1 (1977) 1217�1225 (L. R�hrich); Verfasserlexikon 4 (1983) 1279f. (U. Williams).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 183, III, No. 63, Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. G1801, G1802; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 213; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 957, 1161; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 957, 1161; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 957, 1161; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 957, 1161; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, Nos. 6015, 6015A, Hodne 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966; English: Johnson 1839, 295f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 957, 1161; German: Grubm�ller 1996, No. 26, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Austrian: Vernaleken 1859, Nos. 12, 13, Haiding 1965, No. 30; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 390f.; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 33, Schulenburg 1880, 122, Schulenburg 1882, 59, Slizinski 1964, Nos. 30, 31; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 957; Russian: SUS, Nos. 957, 1161; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 957; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 957; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 177.","(Including the previous Type 957.) A bear trainer with his (polar) bear comes to a mill (farmhouse) and requests quarters for the night. The miller (farmer) gives him a room and tells him that the house is haunted by an ogre (giant, devil, demon, ghost, goblin, troll). During the night, the ogre appears and starts to attack the guests, but the bear hurts and expels him. Since this night, the building has not been haunted. After a long absence, the ogre comes back and asks the farmer whether he still has the big (white) cat. The man answers that the cat in the meantime has given birth to four (seven) kittens. The ogre vows never to come again [K1728].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1161A,The Fattened Cow,,"Latvian: �mits 1962ff. XI, No. 44; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965","The devil gives a poor man a cow to be pastured for an indefinite length of time. The man sells the milk and gradually gets wealthy. After waiting in vain for the devil to claim his cow, the man sells it. When at last the devil does come for his cow, the man shows him his wealth and gives him strange gifts: his father's comb for combing whiskers (which is a harrow), a whip (flail), a sugar-basin (large wooden mortar), a tobacco-box (trap). Instead of the cow, the man shows him a bear. The devil rides the bear and thanks the man for having fattened the cow.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1162,The Iron Man and the Ogre,EM: Teufel und eiserner Mann (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 64; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; German: K�hnau 1925, No. 102; Russian: SUS; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 1143 (1, 2).","A man (boy) asks an ogre (devil) to fight with the iron man in his place. The ogre is defeated [K1756]. Cf. Type 1071. In some variants, the devil is made to put his hand into the throat of an iron man. Cf. Type 1159.",NA,1061.
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1163,The Devil is Tricked into Revealing a Secret (previously The Ogre Teaches the Smith how to Use Sand in Forging Iron),"EM: Schmied lernt vom Teufel, Sand zu verwenden (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 65�67; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 215; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 127; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 59 No. 1.1.2.11; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 183, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Debus 1951, No. B23, Neumann 1968b, 62, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917) 247, Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: SUS.","The devil (ogre, giant) maliciously watches a smith trying unsuccessfully to forge iron (plate a vessel with tin). When the smith claims falsely that he has succeeded, the devil asks who told him to use sand (sal ammoniac) [G651]. In some variants, a miller learns from the devil to install a vibrating sieve in his mill.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1164,The Devil and the Evil Woman (previously The Evil Woman Thrown into the Pit),"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 152f. No. 153; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 1, No. 85; BP I, 382, 388, II, 423, IV, 176; Schwarzbaum 1968, 30, 108�111, 320, 462; Tubach 1969, No. 1626; EM 1 (1977) 358; EM 2 (1979) 80�86 (E. Moser-Rath/R. Wolf); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 458.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 68, VI, 585; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 216; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1164, 1164A, 1164B; Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1164D; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 168�171, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming), No. 1164A; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 176, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1164D; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 887; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1164A; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, No. 230; German: Moser-Rath 1964, Nos. 173, 241, Moser-Rath 1984, 116, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 71, Berger 2001, No. 1164B*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 1164, 1164D, De Simone 1994, No. 77b; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 20, MNK V, Nos. 1164, 1164D, 1164D*, cf. No. 1164D**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 87ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 1626; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 53, 93, 206, 262, II, Nos. 367, 482, 490; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 37, Eschker 1992, No. 36; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 20, Dolenec 1972, No. 14, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 56; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 343�345; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1164I*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 1164, 1164D; Turkish: Eberhard-Boratav 1953, No. 377; Jewish: Jason 1965, Haboucha 1992, No. 1164D; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 377; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 1164, Jason 1988a, No. 1164D, Haboucha 1992, No. 1164D; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 220; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Lebanese, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 394; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1164D; Iranian: Christensen 1958, No. 6, Marzolph 1984, No. 1164D; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1164D; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 1164, 1164D, Jason 1989, Nos. 1164, 1164D; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 1164D, 1862B; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 1164A; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 1164A, 1862B; Brazilian: Camara Cascudo 1955b, 36ff., 40ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, No. 34; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. *340; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b, 193f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1164, 1164D.","(Including the previous Types 1164A, 1164B, 1164D, and 1862B.) Three main introductions can be distinguished: (1) A man throws his quarrelsome wife into a pit (well, gorge). Later he feels sorry (compassionate) and he wants to get her out. But instead of her, he pulls up a devil (demon) who lives in the pit and cannot endure the evil woman either. (2) A devil marries (wants to marry) a young woman and is tricked by his mother-in-law into a bottle (box). A hunter sets him free. (Previously Type 1164A.) (3) (Belfagor). Souls in hell complain about bad women on earth. The devil(s) wants to test what it is like to live with a wife. In some variants, a man prefers to endure the torments of hell rather than live with his evil wife [T251.1.2.1]. The devil comes to an agreement with him: If the devil cannot live with the man's wife for a certain time, the man may leave hell [T251.1.2.2]. The devil marries (lives with) an evil woman (widow) whom he wants to get rid of quickly. He gets help from a man (farmer, farmhand). (Previously Type 1164B.) The tale is usually continued by an agreement between the grateful devil and the man who helped him: A (rich) person (princess) is possessed by the devil.Twice the devil allows the helper to expel him from the possessed person, and the helper is given a big reward [K1955.6]. The third time, the devil refuses to leave the possessed person. The helper threatens the devil with the evil woman (his wife, mother-in-law). The devil flees [K2325]. (Previously Types 1164D, 1862B.) Cf. Type 332.","Documented in the Indian Pa�catantra (ukasaptati). Popularized by Machiavelli�s satirical adaptation Belfagor arcidiavolo. Chiefly found in northern, eastern and southern Europe.","This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 332, 1365B."
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1165,The Troll and the Baptism,"Hartmann 1936, 50; Roberts 1964; Holbek 1991; EM: Troll und Taufe (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 69, Jauhiainen 1998, No. N1021; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. IV, No. 13; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. IV, No. 401, Kristensen 1890, No. 33, Kristensen 1896f, I, No. 22; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Austrian: Vernaleken 1859, No. 43.","A farmer is on friendly terms with a troll whom he does not want to come to his child's baptism because he knows the troll's appetite. Not wishing to offend him, he invites the troll, but says that among the guests there will be the Virgin Mary, Thor the Thunderer, etc. The troll thinks he had better stay away, but he will give the finest present [K1736]. In a Latvian version, the devil promises the youth the maiden he desires, but he must let the devil spend the first night with her. The devil comes to the wedding, but when he hears that Thunder and Lightning have also been invited, he runs away.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1166*,The Devil and the Soldier (previously The Devil Keeps Guard in Place of the Soldier),EM: Soldat und Teufel (forthcoming).,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 210; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 128, Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 267 No. 1.2.1.5; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Berger 2001; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1166; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","The devil keeps guard in place of a soldier (enlists in military service instead of a youth, who promises him his soul). He cannot endure it that the straps of his knapsack cross each other [G303.16.3.2] and is punished.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1166**,See Type 1168,NA,NA,,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1168,Various Ways of Exorcising Devils [D2176],"Tubach 1969, cf. No. 5283; Schwarzbaum 1968, 81.","Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 1166*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK V, Nos. 1168*, 1168**; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 371, 372; Russian: SUS, No. 1166***; Turkish: Hansmann 1918, 100ff.; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 160, Baharav/Noy 1965, No. 47, Jason 1988a; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 1166***; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 62ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Mayan: cf. Pe�alosa 1992, No. 46; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1166*.) Miscellaneous type. The devil is frightened by a shoemaker and gives him gold [K335]. (Previously Type 1166*.) He is threatened (beaten) by a soldier, who uses a crucifix or exorcised by a foolhardy man who draws a magic circle, etc.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1168A,The Demon and the Mirror,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 88 No. 25; Penzer 1924ff. V, 49 not. 1; Schwarzbaum 1968, 357; Schwarzbaum 1979, 200 not. 15, 553, 557 not. 18; MacDonald 1982, No. K1715.1; Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 385; Scherf 1995 I, 310�313, 584�586, II, 1392f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 70; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1715.1; Iraqi: Campbell 1954, 140ff., El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. K1715.1, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 40; US-American: Bacon/Parsons 1922, No. 12; African American: Harris 1955, 547ff.; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A man has a mirror in his bag. He tells a demon (tiger) that he has captured other demons and shows him the bag. The demon sees his reflection, mistakes it for another demon, and flees [J1795.1, K1715.1, K1883.7]. Cf. Types 92, 1336A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1168B,The Tree Demon Pays the Man to Save the Tree,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 200 No. 44.","Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 82; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 173f., cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 40; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man is about to cut down a tree. The demon who lives in the tree promises to bring the man a large amount of rice each month (year) or a treasure of gold if he will desist [N699.5]. When the demon later on gets tired of the bargain, he enters the man's house (sends another demon) in order to kill him. By chance the man discovers the demon. He threatens to kill him and thus forces him to bring even more rice.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1168C,The Virgin Mary Saves a Woman Sold to the Devil,"Wesselski 1909, No. 114; Tubach 1969, No. 5283.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 73; French: Ten�ze/Delarue 2000, 431ff.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 90, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming), Goldberg 1998, No. K1841.3; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1914f. II, 21f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Croatian: Buar 1918, No. 4; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 827*; Gypsy: Tillhagen 1948, 104ff.","A man sells his wife to the devil. Before the woman is to be delivered, she goes to church to pray for help to the Virgin Mary. Substituting for the woman, Mary goes to the devil, who flees [K1841.3].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Man Outwits The Devil 1155-1169,NA,1169,Changing Heads (previously Changing Heads with the Devil),"Bolte 1901a; Schwarzbaum 1968, 108f., 462; cf. Marzolph 1992 II, No. 684; EM 8 (1996) 264�268 (R. W. Brednich).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 61 No. 1.2.1.8; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1169; French: RTP 17 (1902) 54, Thibault 1960, No. 21; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 217, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Polain 1942, No. 45; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 74, Peuckert 1932, No. 171, Zender 1935, No. 23; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 15, Uffer 1955, 65ff.; Italian: De Nino 1883f. IV, No. 7; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 585; Slovene: Krinik 1874, 8f.; Serbian: cf. Eschker 1992, No. 68; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 9; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 54; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 39ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1169.","While wandering on earth, Christ and St. Peter (Santa Claus) meet a woman (old man) who is quarreling with the devil (serpent). Christ orders St. Peter to settle the quarrel, so St. Peter strikes off the heads of both the devil and the woman. Christ wants to undo the damage and orders St. Peter to replace the heads, but he unfortunately places them on the wrong bodies [A1371.1, E34]. Cf. Type 774A.",Documented in the 17th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1145,Afraid of Strange Noise (previously The Ogre Afraid of what Rustles or Rattles),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 54; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: cf. MNK V, No. 1145*; Kelemina 1930, 215; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 253; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 25; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 1145, cf. No. 1145A*; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 176.","An ogre (giant, devil) is afraid of what rustles or rattles (voices of unknown animals). A man sets some juniper on fire [K2345] (imitates animals). (The ogre flees or fulfills the man's wish.) In some variants, the devil and God frighten one another: The devil makes a great storm and beats with a cudgel on the bark of the tree, but God is not frightened. The devil is afraid of thunder.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1146,Millstones,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 58, 59; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202c(7); Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1019*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Russian: SUS, No. 1019*; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, Nos. 14, 15; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 195ff.","(Including the previous Type 1019*.) A man and an ogre (giant) boast about their strength. The man pretends that millstones are his mother's pearls or that a harrow is his sister's (grandmother's) comb. The ogre is overawed [K1718.2]. In some variants, an ogre uses a harrow as a hair brush and hurts his head. (Previously Type 1019*.)",NA,"1045, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1082, 1130, and 1151."
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1147,Thunder (previously Thunder the Rolling of his Brother's Wagon),"Anderson 1939; Balys 1939; Loorits 1949ff. II, 5�42; EM 3 (1981) 762�766 (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 41, 56, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E1401; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1148A; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1148A; Lithuanian: Balys/Rep�ien 1998, 259f.; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1148; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1147, 1148A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1148; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1148.","(Including the previous Types 1148 and 1148A.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) An ogre wonders about the mighty noise of thunder and is told that it is just the noise of a wagon passing by [K1718.1]. (2) An ogre (devil) is terrified by a thunderstorm. He flees and hides himself under a tree (rock). Lightning strikes and destroys the ogre's hiding place. (Previously Type 1148.) (3) An ogre (devil) tells a man to wake him if it happens to thunder. The man does not obey (deceives the ogre) and lightning strikes the ogre [K1177]. In some variants, the man wakes the ogre, who mows grass for him. (Previously Type 1148A.)",Documented in the 19th/20th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1147*,"Thunder-God (previously The Friendship between a Man [Carpenter], Thunder-god, and the Devil)",Balys 1939.,"Lithuanian: Range 1981, No. 47, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A carpenter joins the devil and the thunder-god Perkunas. Together they build a house and plant turnips (potatoes). Someone steals their turnips. The devil and Perkunas cannot watch over the vegetables, but the fearless carpenter is able to unmask the 'Laume' (a female demon) as the thief and to capture her by squeezing her fingers. The devil and Perkunas are impressed. Quarreling over the house, the three decide that it should go to the one who is able to stay in it one night without being afraid. The carpenter is again fearless: He expels the devil and Perkunas from the house by using the witch-tools of the Laume, an iron wagon and a whip. He keeps house by himself and earns his living by selling the devil's shit (asa foeticla, a medicine) of which plenty has been left.",Documented in the 19th/20th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1148B,"Thunder's Instruments (previously The Ogre Steals the Thunder's Instruments [Pipe, Sack, etc","Anderson 1939; Balys 1939; Loorits 1949ff. II, 5�42; EM 3 (1981) 762�766 (H.-J. Uther); Hansen 2002, 305�314.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 57; Estonian: Jannsen 1881f. I, No. 10, II, No. 4, Baer 1970, 28ff.; Lithuanian: Balys/Rep�ien 1998, 259f.; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961.","]). The devil (son of the devil, ogre) steals the thunder-god's instruments (bagpipes, whistle, hammer, etc.). The thunder-god goes to retrieve the instruments. He catches the thief and releases him in exchange for an invitation to the wedding of the devil's daughter. Many instruments are stored there in a room, but nobody is able to play the biggest one, the bagpipes. The thunder-god and his son ask for permission to play, and thunder and lightning come out of the instrument. Many wedding guests die on the spot, and others disappear forever.","The motif resembles the theft of the giant�s hammer in Greek mythology and in the elder Edda (Prymsqvi�a). In Sweden, Norway and Denmark, it is popular as a folk-song.",NA
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1149,Bluff: Children Desire Tiger's Flesh (previously Children Desire Ogre's Flesh),"BP I, 160, III, 2, 75f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 96; Schwarzbaum 1979, 195f.; EM 7 (1993) 1253�1258 (G. Dicke); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 5; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 255, 256, 266; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 123, 133; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 187; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, 214ff.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *1149A*; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 1149, cf. No. 1149**; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Tadzhik: STF 1981, No. 40; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1149; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 216ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: B�dker 1957a, Nos. 369, 540�543, cf. Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1149A, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 64; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, Nos. M3, M10, Eberhard 1941, Nos. 2, 7, Graham 1954, No. 203; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 107; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak, No. 36, El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A woman (man) sees a tiger (other animal). In order to frighten it, she makes her children cry and then tells them that here is a tiger whose meat they can eat. The tiger, terrified, runs away [K1715.4]. A jackal wants to show the tiger that he had been tricked and insists that they go together back to the woman. The tiger, fearing that the jackal will desert him, insists that he and the jackal be tied together. On seeing the two of them, the woman scolds the jackal for having brought only one tiger instead of two (three, ten) [K1715.2]. The tiger thinks the jackal betrayed it. He flees, dragging the jackal with it. (2) A (weak, old) man (Gypsy) frightens an ogre (dragon, devil, tiger) by cunningly demonstrating his power. The ogre fails in trying to kill the man at night, carries a treasure to his home in order to get rid of him, and flees when supposed flesh of his companions is offered to him [K1715]. The ogre returns together with a helper and again is frightened away. In some variants, a weak animal makes a strong one believe that it (its children) eats the flesh of the strong one's companions. Cf. Types 125, 126.",Version (1) is documented in the Indian Pa�catantra (ukasaptati).,"1045, 1049, 1060, 1084, 1115, 1640, and also 78, 125, 126, 177, 1045, 1051, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1082, 1088, and 1130."
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1150,'St,"Cf. BP III, 199 f.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Olsen 1912, 215ff.; German: cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 148; Czech: Tille 1929f. I, 271f., 276f.; Greek: Klaar 1963, 143ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Jason 1989; US-American: Baughman 1966.","George's Dogs'. (Wolves). A man who is threatened by the devil (ogre) shouts for 'St. George's dogs' to help him. Immediately a number of wolves appear. The devil hides or flees, pursued by the wolves [K1725]. In some variants, the wolves are described as dogs of the devil (St. Blasios), which do harm to other animals (man).",NA,"1051, 1060, 1062, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1151,Big Shoes (previously Big Shoes in Front of the Barn),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 58, 59; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 1151*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1151*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Russian: SUS; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 22.","(Including the previous Type 1151*.) A man makes huge shoes and places them in such a way that a giant will think the man is as big as the giant [K1717]. In some variants, a man makes a devil believe that boats are the shoes of a girl (the man's grandfather) and a bathhouse is her cap. (Previously Type 1151*.)",NA,1146.
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1152,Intimidation by Displaying Objects (previously The Ogre Overawed by Displaying Objects),"Schwarzbaum 1979, 197; Schmidt 1999.","Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 31; Swedish: NM, HA Sagor; Faeroese: cf. Nyman 1984; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 726, Cardigos (forthcoming); Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 274; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 173; Cheremis/Mari, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar: cf. Kakuk/K�nos 1989, No. 4; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 10; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Esche 1976, 347f.; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 163ff.; Chinese: Dejun/Xueliang 1982, 484f.; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 54; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; East African: Schmidt 1996, No. 21.","A man (men, boy, weak animals) stays overnight (hides) in a house (den) of an ogre (giant, devil, strong animal) and tries to overawe the ogre by claiming to be even greater (stronger). The ogre demands proof. The man pokes through the door or window objects which he has accidentally picked up on his journey: e.g. he pretends that a rope (porcupine bristle) is one of his hairs [K1711.1, K1715.12], a grain shovel is his ear [K1715.12], curds (lime, etc.) are his spittle [K1715.12], a turtle is a louse from his body, a sword (knife) is his tongue [G572.2] or teeth, a tree trunk is his leg, a tub or pot is his belly (head). Asked by the ogre to beat his chest, the man beats a drum (asked to cry, the man twists the tail of a donkey which brays [K2324.1]). The ogre is intimidated.",NA,"1045, 1072, and 1130."
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1153,Wages: as Much as he Can Carry,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Gr�nborg/Nielsen 1884, 74ff.; B�dker et al. 1963, 78ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Neumann 1973, No. 79, Jahn/Neumann et al. 1998, No. 44; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 100 No. 81; Italian: cf. Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 52; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 51; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 73ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 211ff.","To get rid of his farmhand, an ogre (giant, devil, troll) offers him as his wages as much as he is able to carry himself. The farmhand says that this will be too much and that he will be contented merely with what the ogre can carry [K1732]. Cf. Type 650A.",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1045, 1049, 1060, 1088, 1115, and 1640."
Religious Tales,Ogre Frightened By Man 1145-1154,NA,1154,The Man Who Falls From the Tree and the Demons,,"Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 1; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. *1149, 103C*; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. II, 257ff., 292f.; Chinese: Ting 1978.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Two (three or more) men (domestic animals) take refuge in a tree. Below them demons (predators) assemble. One man, accidentally or overcome by fear, falls from the tree into the midst of the demons. The man in the tree orders his companion to grab the biggest one, while he himself goes to attack the others. The demons flee. Cf. Types 126, 1149, and 1653. (2) A man (men) intimidates a demon by claiming to have been sent to collect the skins of demons, etc.",NA,1152.
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,970,The Twining Branches,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 106f. No. 37, VIII, 194ff. No. 235; BP I, 262; Basset 1924ff. II, 17 No. 7, 146 No. 66; cf. DVldr 1935ff. III, Nos. 55�57; Long 1980; EM 6 (1990) 75; Long 1980; El-Shamy 1999, No. 49.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 198; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 58, Kohl-Larsen 1971, 168f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Cammann 1980, 80, Berger 2001, No. III F 5; Hungarian: MNK IV; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. I, 35ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 966; Russian: Tumilevi 1958, No. 23; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 64ff., 227ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 94ff., 118ff., 533ff., Laude-Cirtautas 1984, Nos. 34, 35; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 516ff.; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Persian Gulf, Oman, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 966; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. E631.0.1, Jason 1989; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 14ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. E631.0.1; US-American: Baughman 1966; Tunisian: Stumme 1895, No. 11; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Fasi/Dermenghem 1926, 41ff., El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, No. 966**; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",Two lovers are not allowed to live together. They die of grief (commit suicide) and are buried side by side (in the same cemetery). Plants grow from their graves; the branches intertwine (meet over the roof of the church) [E631.0.1]. Thus the lovers are united in death.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,973,Man as Sacrifice to the Storm (previously Placating the Storm),"Child 1882ff. I, No. 24, II, No. 57, V, 496; Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 30 No. 212A; R�hrich 1963; EM 9 (1999) 191�195 (L. R�hrich); El-Shamy 1999, No. 33.","Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. S264.1; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 173f.; German: Kooi 1994, No. 251; Irish: Cross 1952, No. S264.1; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Slovene: Kres 3 (1883) 559f.; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1918ff. I, 227; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 57; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A ship is in the middle of a dangerous storm. One man on board, an apparent evil-doer, seems to be the cause for the distress at sea. He has to be identified and thrown overboard to placate the storm [S264.1]. The sinner is found by casting lots (throwing dice), and when he is thrown into the sea the storm abates. In some (Christian) variants the guilty person confesses his deed voluntarily, whereupon the storm abates (supernatural deliverance of the victim).","Literary traditions in the Old Testament (Jonah I,1�16). Classical sources, e.g. Xenophon, Kyrou paideia (VIII,1,25), Horace, Odes (III,2,26).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,974,The Homecoming Husband,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 117, 584f., III, 229�235; Splettst�sser 1899; Wesselski 1909, No. 95; BP II, 59, 318�335, 335�348, IV, 168 not. 6; DVldr 1935ff. I, No. 11; Kretzenbacher 1958b; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1580, 1896, 3792; Frenzel 1976, 329�341; Schwarzbaum 1980, 280; Frenzel 1988, 558�565; EM 6 (1990) 702�707 (O. Holzapfel); Schmidt 1999; Hansen 2002, 201�211; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 110.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 199; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 974*; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. N681; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 407, 499ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 257f.; French: Blad� 1886 I, No. 4; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 210, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 295; German: Zender 1966, No. 458, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, Nos. 444, 529, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 92; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1580; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 363, III, 463f., V, 342f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 65; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 57; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, No. 30, Popvasileva 1983, No. 18; Rumanian: Amzulescu 1974, No. 290; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 69; Russian: SUS, Nos. 974, 974*, 974**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 210; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 74, Jason 1965, 1988a; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 55ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Votyak: Wichmann 1901, No. 52; Siberian: Kontelov 1956, 60ff.; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 337ff.; Syrian, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 142, El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 21ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, No. 9; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: cf. Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 926C.","In the absence of her husband (lover) who is far away on a journey (in prison), a woman is forced to choose another husband. The first husband (disguised, as beggar) returns (with supernatural help, carried during a deep sleep, warned by a dream) on the wedding day and discloses his identity to his wife (by a ring well known to her), is recognized by domestic animals (horse, dog), or answers the woman's questions correctly (concerning features of the house or birthmarks). The revenge on the rival follows [N681]. Cf. Types 301, 400, and 665.","Classical origin: Homer, Odyssey (XVI�XXIII). Well known in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 193).","301, 302, 400, 480, and 518."
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,976,Which Was the Noblest Act (Including the previous Type 976A,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 123f. No. 110; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 214�216; BP III, 510f., IV, 307f., 328 No. 19; Penzer 1924ff. VII, 199; Wesselski 1925, 225 not. 1; Tubach 1969, No. 4964; Schwarzbaum 1968, 207f., 215f., 474; Hatami 1977, No. 24; EM 2 (1979) 1263; EM 6 (1990) 459�464 (E. Schoenfeld); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 439, 467.","Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 19, Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, Nos. 67, 69; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 70 (1936) 12; Bosnian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 219ff., No. 179; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 31, Dawkins 1953, No. 72; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 292, 348, Walker/Uysal 1966, 114ff.; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1918ff. III, 97, 303, Gaster 1924, Nos. 111, 112, 413a, Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 4, II, No. 116, Haboucha 1992, No. 976A; Uighur: Jungbauer 1923a, No. 1, Makeev 1952, 217ff., Kabirov/Schachmatov 1959, 119ff.; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, Nos. 976, 976A; Kazakh: B�l�zs 1956, 113ff., Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 294ff.; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 59; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 86ff., Amonov 1961, 284ff., Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 44; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, No. 216ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. 976, 976A, Marzolph 1994, 94ff.; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J1177, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 976A, Jason 1989, Nos. 976, 976A; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 976, 976A; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 976*B; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 976**A.",") On their wedding night, a man allows his bride to visit her former lover (fianc'e), in order to keep a promise she had made previously (to cancel the engagement). On her way she meets a robber. When she tells him her story he leaves her unmolested. When her lover (fianc'e) hears about her bridegroom's (the robber's) magnanimity, he takes her back to her bridegroom without touching her [H1552.1]. In some variants the tale occurs in conjunction with a frame tale that deals with the discovery of a thief: Three (four) sons inherit jewelry (money) from their father (merchants bury their fortune). The money is stolen by one of the brothers (merchants). The robbed owners call a wise man (judge, king, Solomon), who is to discover the thief. The wise man (his daughter) then starts to tell the story (see above). The thief betrays himself unconsciously when he answers the question, 'Who acted in the noblest way' He argues that the robber in the story was the most noble one (he answers other questions in a revealing manner) [J1177]. (Previously Type 976A.)","Indian origin, early version in the 3rd century, Tripitaka (XIX,7). Early European version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (X,5).","655, 945."
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,978,The Youth in the Land of the Cheaters,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 60ff. No. 26; Wesselski 1925, 229; Str�mb�ck 1963; Schwarzbaum 1968, 62; Schwarzbaum 1979, 559f., 564f., 565 not. 3, 566 not. 22; Schwarzbaum 1980, 279, 282; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 205; EM: Stadt der Gauner (forthcoming).","Swedish: Schier 1983, 247f.; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1512.2; Bulgarian: BFP; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 259; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 299, 361; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 12, 80, Jason 1965, 1975, cf. Bin Gorion 1990, No. 107; Kazakh: cf. Sidel�nikov 1952, 130ff.; Iraqi: Campbell 1954, 166ff., El-Shamy 2004; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 22, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mode/Ray 1967, 357ff., Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 130ff.","A young man sets out on business and comes to a land where cheaters flourish. After a while he loses all his goods. A one-eyed man (woman) states that the youth's father had taken the other eye and demands compensation. The same with a one-legged man, who states that the youth's father had once taken his other leg and now asks for compensation. A barber agrees to shave the young man for 'something' and then demands a huge sum of money (other valuables). Finally the young man is rescued from his difficult situation by someone (his wife, another person) who outwits the cheaters and recovers her husband's lost property. The rescuer demands that the one-eyed man should give up his remaining eye so that he could match it with the other [J1512.2]. In the same way he demands the remaining leg of the one-legged man, in order to compare it with the other one. The rescuer tricks the barber into accepting 'something' for his service [cf. J1521.5.1].","Documented in the tale The Sandle-wood Merchant and the Sharpers in the Arabian Nights (IV, 357�363).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,980,The Ungrateful Son (previously Ungrateful Son Reproved by Naive Actions of Own Son),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 16; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 381, 473�477; Stiefel 1908, No. 103; BP II, 135�140, III, 167, IV, 172 not. 14; Cock 1919, 38�59, 299; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 436, II, No. 760; B�dier 1925, 463f.; Wesselski 1931, 93, 99; R�hrich 1962f. I, 93�112, 262�267; Schwarzbaum 1968, 95, 236, 254f., 477; Tubach 1969, No. 2001; EM 6 (1990) 252�256 (H. R�lleke); Br�ggemann 1991, 705�712; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 310; Hansen 2002, 117�119; Uther 2004.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 980, 980B; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 980A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 980A; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 266; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, Nos. 980A, 980B; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 980A�C, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 980, 980B, 980C, Goldberg 1998, No. J121; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 980, 980B, 980C; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 492b, 560c, 561, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 980A; Dutch: Entjes/Brand 1976, 129; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 980A�C; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 980A; German: Moser-Rath 1964, Nos. 25a, 25b; Rehermann 1977, 145, 264f. No. 12, 430 No. 19, Uther 1990a, No. 33, Tomkowiak 1993, 264, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 53, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 78; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 870; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 980, 980A, 980B; Hungarian: MNK IV, Nos. 980B, 980C, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 385; Slovene: Rappold 1887, 21; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 980B, 980C; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 18, Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 38, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 980A, 980B; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 943; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 980A; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 437, Jason 1965, 1975, No. 980B, Haboucha 1992, No. 980A; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 980A; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 980, 980A; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 980A; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 980A, 980B; Jordanian, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 980A; Indian: L�ders 1921, No. 39, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 980B; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 187ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 980A; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 82; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 980A, 980B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVIII, No. 7; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 980A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *980B; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 980A; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 980C.","(Including the previous Types 980A'C.) This miscellanous type comprises various tales dealing with ungrateful children (son, daughter-in-law) of an ageing father. They think about and eventually change their behavior because of the analogous actions of their own son (daughter). (1) When an aged father is banned from the table and served his meals in a wooden cup by his son and his daughter-in-law, the little grandson starts to build a similar cup for his parents to use when they grow old. Thereupon the couple starts to reflect on their undignified behavior. Thinking of their own old age, they bring the old father back to the family table [J121.1]. (Previously Type 980B.) (2) A son gives his father half a blanket (carpet, cape, cloth) to keep warm. Thereupon the little grandson keeps the other half of the blanket and explains that he will save it for his parents for when they are old [J121]. (Previously Type 980A.) (3) An aged father is abandoned by his son in the wilderness (abyss) in a cart (sledge, basket). The grandson keeps it in order to use it in the same way for his parents when they have grown old (cf. Type 981). They reflect on their behavior. (Previously Type 980C.) (4) The ungrateful son drags his old father out of the house by pulling at his hair. At the threshold the father says, 'Do not drag me further; I dragged my own father only this far!' [J121.2]. The son reflects on his bad behavior.","The version (2) occurs first in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 288). The version (1) was documented by Bernhardin of Siena, Opera (IV,56). The version (3) is probably of Jewish origin.",981.
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,980*,The Painter and the Architect,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 15ff. No. 10; Schwarzbaum 1968, 270; Masing 1979; Schwarzbaum 1980, 277, 285, Marzoph 1992 II, No. 722.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 121; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 256 V; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 89, Jason 1965, Nos. 980*, 980*�*A, Noy 1968, No. 40, Jason 1975, Nos. 980*�*A; Kalmyk: J�lg 1866, No. 8; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 62; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 36ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","Persuaded by a painter, a king (landlord) orders his architect to build a tower for the architect (the king himself) to go to heaven to see his father (to build a mansion up there). The architect leaves through an underground passage [F721.1]. He entices the painter to climb up to heaven. But the painter (king, landlord) meets his death when the tower burns [K843].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,980D,Meat Springs as a Toad on the Face of an Ungrateful Son,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 V, No. 110; D�hnhardt 1907ff. IV, 262; BP III, 167�169; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 437; Tubach 1969, Nos. 970, 4883, 4891; Br�ckner 1974, 684, 740f.; Berlioz 1990; Br�ggemann 1991, 1404f.; EM 8 (1996) 496.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Dardy 1891, No. 24, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wolf 1845, No. 35, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 34, Rehermann 1977, 146, Uther 1990a, No. 56, Tomkowiak 1993, 264, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 145; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 375; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 38, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, No. 6; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 113; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. D444.2.","A couple (son) intends to eat a roasted chicken (meal). When the man's old father passes by unexpectedly, they hide the chicken in order not to share it with him. The old man takes a drink and then continues on his way. When they replace the chicken on the table in order to have their meal, it has turned into a toad (snake) and jumps onto the son's face where it stays until his death [D444.2].","Exemplum documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Thomas Cantipratanus, Bonum universale de apibus (II,10,12).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,981,Wisdom of Hidden Old Man Saves Kingdom,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 199 No. 244; Pol�vka 1898a; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, No. 47; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 446; Wesselski 1925, No. 48; Vries 1928, 165�168, 220�230, 392�397; Wesselski 1931, 187; Paudler 1937; Schwarzbaum 1968, 179, 200, 418, 471, 474; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1997, 5219; EM 1 (1977) 388�395 (E. Moser-Rath); Scherf 1995 I, 278�280, II, 1392f.; R�th 1998; Taube 2000; Hansen 2002, 469�475.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 201; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J151.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J151.1; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 285; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, 248; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 98; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 127; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 35f., Bolhar 1974, 172ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 41; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 66; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 326�329, 333; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 910F*; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 347; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 981, cf. No. 981**; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 197 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 662; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Dorson 1972, 402ff.; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 12; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3553.","During a famine (war), the young people have an assembly and decide (the emperor orders) that all old and seemingly useless men should be killed. One man hides his father. When everything goes wrong under the young rulers, the wise old man comes forth and saves the situation with his good advice (he helps perform difficult tasks with his wisdom [J151.1]). Thereupon he is honored and the custom of killing old people is abandoned. In some variants the son, who intends to kill his father, realizes that the same will happen to him when he is old, and lets his father live. Cf. Types 921B and 980.","Documented in the 1st century B.C.E., Justin, Historiae Philippicae (XVIII,3,1).","707, 921B, and 922A."
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,981A*,Life by a Silk Thread,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 559; BP I, 366f., IV, 114; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 735a; B�chtold-St�ubli 1928; Tubach 1969, No. 4994; R�hrich 1991f. I, 301f.; EM 8 (1996) 813�815 (A. Lozar).","Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. F451.5.4.2, F833.2; French: EM 10 (2002) 453; German: Cammann 1967, 195, Rehermann 1977, 150, 275, 448f.; Swiss: L�tolf 1862, No. 21c; Austrian: Haiding 1977b, No. 87; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 187; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4994; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 758; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 981A*; Iranian: Marzolph 1987b, No. 140.","A wise king, asked by his brother (Damocles, courtier, court jester) why he always looks sad even in happy situations, answers the question by sending for the questioner and pretending to plan his execution. The brother is placed on a chair over a pit filled with red-hot coals, with four lances pointing at him and a sword (stone, millstone) suspended over his head on horse's hair (thread). The king explains that this situation resembles his own: the pit stands for the fire in hell, the lances for death and the sword signifies the divine judge. This is the reason for his sadness and fear [F451.5.4.2, F833.2].","Classical origin: e.g. Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes (V,21). Popular as a proverbial phrase, �the sword of Damocles�.",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,982,The Pretended Inheritance (previously Supposed Chest of Gold Induces Children to Care for Aged Father),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 64, V, No. 111; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, No. 36; BP IV, 172; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 435; Schwarzbaum 1968, 236, 476; Tubach 1969, Nos. 748, 965; EM 4 (1984) 123�127 (E. Moser-Rath); Wacke 1988; Delpech 1989; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 815.","Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 184; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 502; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. P236.2, Chevalier 1983, No. 79, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Goldberg 1998, No. P236.2; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1914f. II, 108f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, Cifarelli 1993, No. 508; Dutch: Kooi 1979a, 83f., Kooi 2003, No. 40; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Rehermann 1977, 146, 265 No. 13, 434 No. 28, Moser-Rath 1984, 285, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 8; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 93a; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 120; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 965; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 242, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 27; Slovene: Vede 2 (1849) 150f.; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 46f.; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 13, cf. Ardali 1908a, No. 18; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4975; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 18, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 946; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 61, Jason 1975, 1988a; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 12; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 123, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 72; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 67; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 24; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 118.","Trusting to his children's care when he is old, a rich man leaves all his property to them. They soon forget their intentions and neglect their father. Thereupon the old man plans a ruse: He starts counting money conspicuously and points to a chest giving the advice that it contains another considerable inheritance. Thereupon the children change their behavior and look after their father carefully. When the father finally dies they find only sand and stones in the chest. In some variants they find a mace with the advice that it should be used to kill anyone stupid enough to give away his inheritance before his death [P236.2, Q281.1].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Petrus Alfonsus, Disciplina clericalis (No. 36).",1381E.
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,983,The Dishes of the Same Flavor,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 122f. No. 391(2), VIII, 35 No. 2; Basset 1924ff. II, 25 No. 13; Wesselski 1925, 209�211; Schwarzbaum 1968, Nos. 64, 123, 455, 464; Ranelagh 1979, 227�229; EM 4 (1984) 469�471 (E. Moser-Rath); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1084.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 202; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, Nos. 80�88; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 198, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Kubitschek 1920, 64; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 883B1; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 296f.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 262 (2); Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 81, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 107; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. J81, Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 16; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A virtuous woman (virgin, wife, widow) tries to escape from the attentions of a mighty man (king, ruler). She serves him dishes that look different but taste identical (different colored eggs, same drinks in different glasses). In response to his question what this means, she compares the dishes with women: Even if they look different, they are all alike. This is why it is not worthwhile to change sexual partners. The man is dissuaded from his amorous purpose and contents himself with his own wife [J81].","Oriental origin (Seven Wise Men). Early European version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (I,5).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,984,Palace from Bird Bones,"Schwarzbaum 1980, 273.","Bulgarian: BFP, No. 983*; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 983*; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. *981.","In accordance with his wife's wish, a king gives orders to build a palace made of bird bones. One bird comes late, and when it arrives, it says it was thinking about whether men or women were worth more. It decided that women must be worth more because those who obey women are subordinate to them. The king rescinds his order.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,985,Brother Chosen Rather than Husband or Son,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 10; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 190 No. 2; Aly 1921, 35, 109; Basset 1924ff. II, 252 No. 29; EM 2 (1979) 861�864 (U. Masing); Hansen 2002, 62�66.","Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. P253.3; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. P253.3; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 286; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 280; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 70; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896, No. 5; Yemenite: El-Shamy 1980, No. 45, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1994, No. 31; Indian: L�ders 1921, No. 43; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 31; US-American: Jackson/McNeil 1985, 100; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Three men are condemned to death. A woman appeals to the ruler for clemency, explaining that they are her brother, her husband and her son. When the ruler agrees to release only one of them, she choses her brother, because she is still young enough to marry again and give birth to another son. Only a brother cannot be replaced. Impressed by her explanation (ruse, logic), the ruler frees all three men (brother and son, the brother alone) [P253.3].","Early literary treatment by Herodotus (III,118f.).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,985*,The Suckled Prisoner,"Knaack 1898; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 373, II, 387; Cock 1919, 21�37, 298; Wesselski 1928a, 144�150; Wesselski 1928b; Taylor 1939, 154f.; Norton 1943; Deonna 1954; Deonna 1956; Knauer 1964; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2, 3969; Abrahams 1980, 24�28; Hofmann 1987, 271; EM 6 (1990) 414f.; Bronzini 1999; R�hrich 2001, 78f.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. R81; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. R81; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. H807.1*, Braga 1987 I, 267f., 268f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 3969 (Tubach); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 46(b); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 927, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 19; Flemish: Linden 1979, 189ff.; German: Jahn 1889, No. 669, Wossidlo 1897ff. I, No. 968, Rehermann 1977, 165f., Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, Nos. 2A/406, 2A/975, VII, No. 2Hozm/53, IX, No. 2S/283, XII, No. 2Stl/86; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 69, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 215; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 177.","(Caritas Romana). A man (woman) condemned to starvation is closely guarded. Only his daughter has permission to visit him daily, but before her visit she is always checked thoroughly so that she cannot bring any food. After a long time the condemned man shows no signs of exhaustion. One day the guardians observe that the daughter suckles her father through a crack in the prison wall (woman suckles son, wife suckles strange man, daughter suckles mother) [H807, R81]. Impressed by the woman's devotion, the judges release the prisoner. Cf. Type 927.","Classical origin. Most sources are literary, e.g. Valerius Maximus (V,4, ext. 1).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,985**,Measure for Measure,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 V,152f.; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 221; ZfVk. 12 (1902) 65; EM 5 (1987) 838; Tomkowiak 1991; EM 9 (1999) 390�394 (I. Tomkowiak).","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K1353; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IV, No. 1Folz/110, No. 1Marn/1/505, V, No. 1Schil/1/30, VI, No. 2A/630, X, No. 2S/2500; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1918ff. I, 106ff., 324ff., 354.","An official who desires a certain woman agrees to set her husband (brother) free from prison if she will sleep with him. She complies, but her husband is to be executed anyway. When the wife brings a suit against the official, the ruler restores her honor by marrying her to the official. Later the official is executed and his wife receives his property [K1353, T455.2].","For popular treatment, see Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, and Puccini, Tosca.",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,986,The Lazy Husband,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 64ff. No. 233, VII, 155ff. No. 437; Schwarzbaum 1968, 77; EM 3 (1981) 1084�1093 (U. Masing).","Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 256; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 40, Jason 1975; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 86; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 34; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 284, cf. No. 113, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 284, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 40, Nowak 1969, No. 284, cf. No. 113, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 38, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *986; Afghan: Borcherding 1975, No. 21; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 284, cf. No. 113; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 1, El-Shamy 2004.","A king marries his daughter to a lazy man (mother's boy, beggar). Forced by his wife to work, he joins a caravan. In the desert he climbs into a well in order to fetch water. He finds a kidnapped girl (princess) and a pomegranate. He sends the pomegranate to his wife, and out of it fall jewels. She becomes rich and builds a palace. He returns the kidnapped girl to her father and returns home to his wife. Cf. Types 677, 737B*.","Types 677 and 986 are not clearly differentiated. Early version see documented in the 13th century by the Persian-speaking alloddin Rumi, Fihi m fihi (Rumi/Arberry 1961, 95f.).","677, 910B, 910K, 923, 923B, and 1615."
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,987,False Magician Exposed by Clever Girl,"BP II, 539�541, III, 201�206; Wesselski 1931, 95f.; HDA 4 (1931/32) 1447�1458 (H. Marzell); HDM 2 (1934�40) 355, 452; Sooder 1942; Winkle 1959; Tubach 1969, No. 4510; EM 1 (1977) 1003�1006 (K. Ranke); McNicholas 1991; Brunold-Bigler 1985, 238f.","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, Nos. 308, 309, Jauhiainen 1998, No. D1686; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 99; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 137f. No. 103; Danish: Kristensen 1892ff. V, No. 1274; French: S�billot 1882 II, 220; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 97 No. 697; Frisian: Dykstra 1895f. I, 83, Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 201; German: Peuckert 1961f. I, No. 54, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 149; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 5, 630, 643, II, 609f., 712, III, 107, Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 191 No. 458; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 201f. No. 255; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 620f.; Italian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 727, 745f.; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 594*; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 198f.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A magician deceives the eyes of spectators making them believe that a rooster can pull (carry) a heavy beam (a rope-dancer can push a cart, juggle a beam). A girl with a four-leafed shamrock (snake, dead toad, salamander) understands the trick and states that the rooster can only pull straw [K1963.1]. The magician takes revenge by making the girl believe she is going through deep water. She raises her dress as high as possible and all spectators mock her. (A lock magically closes the girl's mouth so that she cannot speak). (2) A juggler pretends to be able to creep through a thick beam (stone). The girl with the shamrock discovers that he only creeps over it or next to it. The water-episode follows, and in some variants the girl is bewitched into being lame or crooked.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. �tienne de Bourbon (No. 233).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,990,The Seemingly Dead Revives,"Kaufmann 1862, 25�27; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 180ff. No. 55; Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 196; Bolte 1910; Hertel et al. 1911; Klapper 1914, No. 76; Basset 1924ff. II, 299 No. 55; cf. DVldr 1935ff. I, No. 14; R�hrich 1962f. II, 86�121, 415�428; Schenda 1970, 386�389; Jontes 1981, 303�316; Halpert 1982, 31; EM 5 (1987) 199�203 (R. W. Brednich); Dekker et al. 1997, 316�320; Schmidt 1999; Schneider 1999a, 169; Bondeson 2001, esp. 35�50; K�hler-Z�lch 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 203, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C1901; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 990*, Loorits 1959, No. 202; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 86f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K426.1*, Espinosa 1988, No. 278, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Dutch: Teenstra 1843, 158f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Bockem�hl 1930, 151f., Rehermann 1977, 545 No. 12, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 341; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 636, 844, III, 611, Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 232, No. 553; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 498, 600; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 463ff.; Hungarian: MNK IV; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 177; Slovene: K�har/Novak 1988, 152f.; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 162; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, cf. Nos. 307, 317; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 215, MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 60�63; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 19 (1944) 81; African American: Dorson 1958, No. 52; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1991, No. 18; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 2292.","A woman becomes ill during an epidemic and falls into a deathlike faint. Her husband orders her buried and puts a precious ring (clothes) into her coffin. One of the grave-diggers returns to the cemetery at night, reopens the grave, and tries to rob the dead. Thereupon (when he tries to cut her finger) the woman revives, leaves the grave, and returns home to her husband. He receives her kindly and they continue to live together for a long time in good health [K426].","Documented in the late Middle Ages. Early literary versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (II,5 and X,4).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,992,The Eaten Heart,"Matzke 1911; Hauvette 1912; Basset 1924ff. II, 221 No. 9; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 231; Besthorn 1935, 58�62; DVldr 1935ff. I, No. 16; Legman 1968f. I, 650�663; Tubach 1969, No. 4022; Frenzel 1988, 315�318; EM 6 (1990) 933�839 (A. Gier); Blamires 1993.","French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 16, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 506, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 13; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 33; Syrian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 87; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A knight woos a married woman. The husband kills his wife's lover (suitor) and orders the cook to prepare his heart and to serve it to his wife. When she praises the meal, he tells her what she has eaten, remarking that her lover pleases her dead as well as alive. Thereupon she jumps out the window (refuses any food, dies from pain). The husband regrets his deed (is punished by the ruler, by the woman's relatives) [Q478.1].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Tristan Romance (ca. 1170). For another early version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (IV,1). Ancient Greek stories include similar motifs of unwitting cannibalism, e.g. see Aeschylus, Agamemnon, Sophocles, Aias.",NA
Religious Tales,Other Realistic Tales 970-999,NA,992A,The Adulteress's Penance,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 161f. No. 170; Wurzbach 1899; BP I, 198; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 223; Bloch 1968; Tubach 1969, No. 2475; EM 2 (1979) 1076�1082 (K. Ranke).","Dutch: Kooi 2003, Nos. 38, 39; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ketzel II (1607) 234 (EM archive), Grubm�ller 1996, No. 29; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 115; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 204, 277; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Dagestan: Dirr 1920, No. 13; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 16; Uzbek: Jungbauer 1923a, No. 11; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 47; Georgian: cf. Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 94; Syrian, Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 36; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Stumme 1898, 172ff., El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004.","A merchant admires a sovereign who invites him to his castle. At dinner the merchant observes that the sovereign's wife is served her meal in a skull (her lover's head with beard). In his bedroom he finds two dead young men hanging. The sovereign explains to him that his wife had committed adultery with a duke whereupon he had him beheaded. In return, the son of the duke killed the two young men. As penance, the woman has to eat from the skull, and the two corpses are a reminder of the murder.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 56).","449, 507, and 851."
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,827,A Pious Innocent Man Knows Nothing of God (previously A Shepherd Knows Nothing of God),"Javorskij 1907, 97�102; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 332; Kuncevi 1924, 291�296; Schwarzbaum 1968, 129; EM 6 (1990) 694�698 (L. G. Barag).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 70; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 160; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 17; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 827*; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. D2125.1; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. D2125.1, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Basque: cf. Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 28; Catalan: Karlinger/Ehrgott 1968, No. 27, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 139 No. 411; German: Preu� 1912, 53ff., Hen�en 1955, No. 287, Cammann 1980, 234f.; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1965, 256; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 222, MNK III; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 270 No. 9, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 114; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 57; Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1955, 107f., cf. epenkov 1958ff. III, No. 251; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 32, Jason 1965, No. 827*A, Jason 1988a, No. 827*A; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 36; Armenian: Tch�raz 1912, No. 13; Indian: L�ders 1921, No. 8; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. D2125.1.","A pious man (farmer) worships God in his own way and never goes to church. A traveling preacher teaches him how to pray properly and continues on his way. When the pious man forgets the prayer he follows the preacher's ship by walking on the water [D2125.1, V51.1]. By this miracle the preacher recognizes the man's holiness and understands that pious innocence is pleasing to God.",NA,826.
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,830A,The Boastful Deerslayer,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 15, 87f., 222, 501; Schwarzbaum 1968, 271; EM 6 (1990) 12�16 (U. Masing); Hansen 2002, 54�56.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 830*, L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 73, Loorits 1959, No. 162; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish-American: TSFP 6 (1927) 10f.","A lazy man grumbles against God because he feels neglected. An old man advises him to set a trap, and God will certainly help him. The lazy man follows his advice and catches a deer. While he is skinning the animal the old man reappears and points out that God had helped him. But the lazy man emphasizes his own ability. The old man revives the deer and it runs away [Q221.6, Q223.2, E161]. The lazy man understands too late that God helped him to catch the deer. In some variants the white spots on the deer's belly [A2412.1.1] (the bones on the leg resembling a knife, the grey hair on the leg) are explained as a result of the skinning process.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,830B,'My Crops will Thrive Here without God's Blessing,"Basset 1924ff. III, 159 No. 100; EM 6 (1990) 12�16 (U. Masing).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 17; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 752C*, 830B, 830C*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 752C*, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 752C*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 752C*; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 170, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 669, 670, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 752C*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Nimtz-Wendlandt 1961, No. 53; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 752C*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *752D, cf. No. *753B; Hungarian: MNK III; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 102; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 830C*; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, No. 752C*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 830B, 830B*; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 46.","' (Including the previous Types 752C* and 830C*.) Cf. Type 836. This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A farmer sows crops. Unrecognized saints (God) wish him God's blessing and a good harvest, but the farmer replies his crops will thrive without God's blessing [C454]. When weeds grow in his field, the farmer is converted. (2) A poor and a rich man (farmer, sower, two brothers) sow crops. Saints (passers-by) greet the poor farmer, 'May God help you!' The farmer thanks them for the greetings and is rewarded with a good harvest. The saints greet the rich in the same way, but he rejects their greetings by saying that his crops will also grow without God's blessing [C454]. His harvest is very poor and he repents his behavior too late. (3) The discourteous sower. A passer-by (God) asks a farmer what he is sowing. Rudely he answers that he is sowing stones. The passer-by wishes him a good harvest, which turns out to be stone plants. (A farmer tells Christ that he is sowing pumpkins [turnips], though his seed is maize. Thereupon he harvests only pumpkins.) [Cf. A2231.1]. (4) Weather forecast. Christ asks farmers if there will be rain. Two answer that frogs (foxes, other animals) predict rain. The third farmer says that he prays to God for rain. Only the last is blessed with rain. (Cf. Type 921B*.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,830C,'If God Wills,"Wesselski 1914, No. 55; Basset 1924ff. I, 421 No. 128; Schwarzbaum 1968, 271f., 477; EM 6 (1990) 12�16 (U. Masing); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 481.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J151.4*, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 116; German: Zender 1966, Nos. 529, 530, Tomkowiak 1993, 258; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Karadi 1937, 275, No. 2; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 3; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 526; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 9; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Azerbaijan: Tachmasib 1958, 139f.; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, 304f.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 836*A; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 69; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","' This miscellaneous type comprises various tales, all of which connect the phrase 'If God wills' with an event in an instructive or funny way. In most variants a person's efforts meet with successive misfortunes because he forgets to say, ""If God wills' [N385.1, U15.0.1]. Cf. Type 836.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,831,Clergyman in Disguise as the Devil (previously The Dishonest Priest),EM 10 (2002) 891�894 (D. Dobreva).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 71; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917ff. I, No. 162; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 831*, Loorits 1959, No. 163; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 750G*, 831; German: Jahn 1889, No. 385, Schiller 1907, No. 10, Watzlik 1921, 46, Peuckert 1932, No. 195, Berger 2001, No. 831*; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 279 No. *363; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 165ff., Jech 1984, No. 54; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 126; Macedonian: epenkov 1958ff. III, No. 189, II, cf. No. 122, Eschker 1972, No. 53; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 201f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 190ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","(Including the previous Type 750G*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A poor, miserable man finds (advised in a dream, through an angel) a treasure (receives money from God), and tells a clergyman (priest, landlord, rich neighbor) about it. The clergyman disguises himself in an animal skin and pretends to be the devil. He frightens the poor man and takes the treasure. But at home he cannot take the skin off [Q551.2] (until the stolen treasure has been returned). (2) The rich man (miller, butcher, baker) fails to take the treasure because the devil himself in disguise as a traveler (black horseman, soldier, hunter) stays at the poor man's house as an overnight guest (meets him on his way) and kills (abducts) the rich man. (Previously Type 750G*.)",NA,"Sometimes combined with 460B, 834, 910, 1590, 1730, and 1740."
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,832,The Disappointed Fisherman,Schmidt 1999.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 72; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 832*, Loorits 1959, No. 165 (832*); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 832*; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 832**; Slovakian: Michel 1944, 201ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 51, Marzolph 1984, No. 327 I b; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1150.","A fisherman always catches three fishes (bread) for himself (his wife, and his child [children]). The greedy parents kill the child (expose the children) in order to have more fish (bread) for themselves. But from then on the man catches only two fish (the fish disappear completely, they do not have any more bread) [Q553.5, cf. Q211.4]. Cf. Type 781.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,834,The Poor Brother's Treasure,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 115 No. 89; Hen�en 1938; Schwarzbaum 1968, 75�78, 456f.; Legman 1968f. II, 918f.; Ranke 1976, 415�424; EM 5 (1987) 1361; EM: Schatz des armen Bruders (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 73, Jauhiainen 1998, No. P562; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917ff. II, No. 289; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Veckenstedt 1883, No. 126, Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 141f.; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. N531; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 213, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. N531; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 275, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Jahn 1889, No. 383, Kubitschek 1920, 6f., Hen�en 1957, No. 118, Ranke 1955ff. III, Berger 2001, No. XV B 3; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 43; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 834, 834A; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 120; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 100, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 220, 222, 223; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 834, 834A, *834B, 1645B*, cf. No. *1645B**; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 74; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 36, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 834, 834A, 1645B*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 8341, 8342, cf. Nos. 834*, 834**; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 123 (3�6); Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 146, Jason 1965, Nos. 834, 1645B*, Jason 1975, Nos. 834, 1645B*, No. 834A, Jason 1988a, Nos. *834, 1645B*; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 834A*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 834A, 1645B*; Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 268, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 834A, 1645B*; Persian Gulf: Nowak 1969, No. 270; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 55, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 834A, 1645B*; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1645b*; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 834A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 834A; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 188f., Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 834A, Jason 1989, Nos. 834, 834A, Blackburn 2001, No. 1; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 182ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 834, 834A; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 1; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 834A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., Nos. 834, 834A; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 834, 1645B*; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, No. 39; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **824; Argentine: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 49; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 834A, 1645B*; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1645B*; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1645B*; Tunisian: Stumme 1900, No. 25; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 834A.","(Including the previous Types 834A and 1645B*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales all featuring the phrase 'God determines' or 'God will care for all' (cf. Psalm 127,2). A person (spouse, brother, sister, girl, man, relative, a rich, a lazy man, neighbor, friend, servant) tells his dream to another person (spouse, brother, sister, relative, a poor, neighbor, friend, servant) saying that in a certain place a treasure is buried (finds a treasure) [N531]. The second person tries to dig up the treasure at the indicated spot (tries to dig up a treasure at the same spot), or a third person (thieves, neighbor) overhears the conversation and digs there. But instead of the treasure the person unearths only a dead dog (dead cat, some toads, beetles, pot of ants, pot of serpents [N182], pot of glowing embers, pot of dung, skeleton). Angered by this deception he/she throws the animal (pot) into the house (bed, through the window, through the roof) of the dreamer, and everything is transformed into gold (silver, money) [D1454]. Cf. Types 947A, 1645.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,836,Pride is Punished,"Alsheimer 1971, 129; EM 6 (1990) 1105�1107 (A. Sch�fer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 74�76, Jauhiainen 1998, No. F141; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 836*, Loorits 1959, No. 166; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 107f.; Irish: cf. B�aloideas 21 (1951) 336; German: Meyer 1932, Tomkowiak 1993, 259; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. I, 68ff.; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1959, 358, No. 167; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 200; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Chinese: Ting 1971; Egyptian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 169.","A rich man (woman) boasts (often during mass) in his thoughts (in a conversation) that his wealth is so immense that even God could never take it away [C454]. When he returns home his property is completely destroyed (house has burned down) and he stays poor for the rest of his life [L412]. Cf. Types 736A, 830B.",Numerous variants classified in other catalogs as Type 836 should be moved to Type 736A.,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,836F*,The Miser and the Eye Ointment,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 146f. No. 72; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 349, 350.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 726**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 78ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Bosnian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 1; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 806; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Armenian: cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 17; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 169; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 836**M; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man rubs ointment on his left eye and tells a miser that he can see the treasures of the world. The miser copies him and sees mountains of gold. When he wants to rub ointment on the right eye as well the man advises him not to do so for he will become blind. The miser does not listen and rubs it on his right eye. He is immediately blinded and becomes a beggar [D1323.5, D1331.3.1, D1331.3.2, J514.3]. (Previously Type 726**.) Cf. Type 736.","Documented in the Arabian Nights (Littmann 1921ff. VI, 246�256).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,837,The Beggar's Bread (previously How the Wicked Lord was Punished),"Cf. BP III, 462; Schwarzbaum 1968, 332; EM 2 (1979) 813�816 (K. Ranke).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 837*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Thudt/Richter 1971, 34f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Slovene: Vrtec 7 (1877) 172; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 73; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 26, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, 257; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 227; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 27, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Tumilevi 1958, No. 39; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Aganin et al. 1960, 213f.; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952 I, No. 18, Noy 1963a, No. 17, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Azerbaijan: Marzolph 1987b, 82; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 43; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 295; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Flowers 1953; African American: Dance 1978, No. 389; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A beggar (female beggar) periodically receives a loaf from a rich man (his wife). (A rich miser refuses to give food to a beggar.) Whenever the beggar receives the bread he states, 'Everything you do, you do it to yourself!' The rich man becomes tired of this (angry about the beggar's words, wants to get rid of the beggar) so he (and his wife) puts poison into the beggar's bread. Further on his way the beggar meets a hungry young man (traveler) to whom he gives his bread. The young man dies and it turns out that he is the son of the rich man. So the beggar's statement was true [N332.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,838,Son on the Gallows (previously The Bad Rearing),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 183; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 113 No. 95; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 19; Wesselski 1936, 59f.; Whitesell 1947, 348�366; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 150; R�hrich 1962f. II, No. 8; Tubach 1969, No. 3488; D�m�t�r 1985, 15�21; Hofmann 1987, No. 287; EM: Sohn am Galgen (forthcoming).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 838*, Loorits 1959, No. 167; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 838*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 838, *838*, *838**; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 52, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 605, 628, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; German: Zender 1966, Nos. 146, 147; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 792f., EM 7 (1993) 873; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 51; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 10, MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 386; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3488; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 145, cf. No. 131, III, cf. Nos. 214, 348, IV, No. 516; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Klaar 1987, 150ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, No. 1610****; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 115; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; African American: Parsons 1923a, No. 54; Egyptian, Tunisian, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","From his childhood a mother (in older variants: father) teaches her son to steal (she does not prevent him from stealing). He is caught and condemned to death. On the gallows he asks for permission to kiss his mother for the last time and bites off her nose (tongue, ear). He explains that she taught him to steal (that she spoiled him as a child, that this is her punishment for her neglect) [Q586]. Cf. Type 1417.","The tale of the son on the gallows can already be found in the antique literature (Boethius, De disciplina scholarium, ch. II). Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 287).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,839,One Vice Carries Others with It,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 538; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 131 No. 113; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 72; Wesselski 1909, Nos. 17, 81; Taylor 1922a, 61�94; Basset 1924ff. II, 22 No. 11; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 243; Jan�w 1932, 12�24; Wesselski 1936, 65; Schwarzbaum 1968, 33, 247�249, 476; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1816, 4741, 5318; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 113; EM: S�nden: Die drei S. des Eremiten (in prep.).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 839*, Loorits 1959, No. 168; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J485; German: Ranke 1966, No. 61, Moser 1977, 88f., Moser-Rath 1984, 285; Italian: Busk 1874, 196ff. nos. 1�3; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1816; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 560; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 538; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, cf. Noy 1968, No. 50; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Swahili: Velten 1898, 47f.","(The Three Sins of the Hermit.) A man (hermit, monk) has to choose one of the following vices: theft (murder), lust, drinking. He chooses the last, which seems him to be the least harmful. But when he is drunk, all the other vices follow in its wake [J485].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,839A*,The Hermit and the Devils,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 77; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 51; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 141; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *839**; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963f.) 491ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *839A1; Russian: SUS, Nos. 839*, 839A*; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Druze: Falah/Shenhar 1978, No. 17.","In order to tempt a hermit (bishop, monks), the devil (devils) disguised as a clergyman tries to rejuvenate him or to get him married. Or, a man (pupil of the bishop) is suspected of being a devil because he does not cross himself and leaves the church when incense is burned and benedictions are said. The brother of the hermit (old man, poor man, monks) overhears the devils discuss their plan sitting under a tree (near a well, at a rock), and warns the hermit. The hermit orders all doors, windows, holes, etc. of the church to be closed. When he burns incense and asks for heaven's blessings, the devil bursts and mice (spiders) jump out of his mouth. The bishop throws his gloves, which turn into cats and catch the mice. Or the hermit crosses himself and in place of the church (forge), only a stake remains.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,840,The Punishments of Men,"BP III, 302�305; Basset 1924ff. III, 353 No. 209, 532 No. 323; M�ttelend 1936, 191�193; Schwarzbaum 1968, 64; Salve 1996; EM: Strafen im Jenseits (forthcoming)","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, 343; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 840*, Loorits 1959, No. 169; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 840*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. E733.1; Slovene: Kres 2 (1882) 139; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 168, cf. No. 169; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 82ff.; Rumanian: Ure 1960, 172ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 86 IV 5, 418f.; Jewish: cf. Noy 1963a, No. 53, Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 174; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Rivi�re 1882, No. 5.","When a father and his son (travelers) pass the night in a certain house, the son is unable to sleep. He sees wonderful things happening: a snake creeps from a sleeping man's mouth [E733.1] into his wife's mouth; a man's head is split by an axe, etc. In the morning the master of the house explains that these are punishments of mankind [F171.6] (he explains that the visions were caused by family disharmony and quarrels). Cf. Type 759.","Animals (serpent, mouse, ant, etc.) that come out of the mouth of a sleeping person or out of their body as a soul-animal [E721, E730] is also found in other tales (e.g. Types 808A, 1645A). In those cases the animals have a different function.",NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,840B*,The Judgments in this World,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 78; ; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: cf. Kristensen 1900, Nos. 27�29; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Austrian: Zaunert 1926, 155f.; Croatian: Ardali 1908a, No. 15, ajkanovi 1927, No. 168, cf. No. 169; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS.","A virtuous man, a robber, and a thief (clergyman, farmer and host [teacher]) ask a hermit (old man, God) about their fate (which of them is most certain to go to heaven). He tells them to take three different roads, where they spend the night in various situations. When they come back and tell about their experiences (the first sleeps in a fine house, the second in a forest during a storm and the third in water), the hermit explains that the experiences they had foretell their conditions of life in future.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,841,"One Beggar Trusts in God, the Other the King","Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 285; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 131; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 326, 327; Besthorn 1935, 122�125; Wesselski 1936, 102�108; Schwarzbaum 1968, 259�278; Tubach 1969, Nos. 703, 3612; Spies 1973a, 210; EM 2 (1979) 258�263 (E. H. Rehermann); Verfasserlexikon 10 (2002) 1617�1619 (H.-J. Ziegeler).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 79; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917ff. I, No. 165; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 841*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 841*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, No. 185, Goldberg 1998, No. N351; Portuguese: Coelho 1965, 151ff., Meier/Woll 1975, No. 30; Dutch: Hogenelst 1997 II, No. 103; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 285, 290f., Zender 1984, No. 62, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 52; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. N351; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 224; Macedonian: epenkov 1958ff. II, No. 65, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 188; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 841, cf. Nos. *841*, *841**, 947A2; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 125, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 135, Spies 1967, No. 58; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 63, Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 32, cf. Nos. 59, 70, Jason 1975, 1988a; Kurdish: Nebez 1972, 63ff.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 841*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 162ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 283, 287, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 55, Marzolph 1984, No. 841, cf. No. *841A; Indian: Jason 1989; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 80; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 177, Eberhard 1965, No. 79, Eberhard/Eberhard 1976, No. 70; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 419; Cambodian: Nevermann 1956, 149ff.; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 99; Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: cf. Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 54; North African, Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Jahn 1970, No. 33; Moroccan: cf. Laoust 1949, No. 64, Topper 1986, No. 14; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 25; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 36f., 91f.","Two beggars (blind men, shoemakers, craftsmen), one of whom asks God for help (cf. Type 923B), the other of whom asks the king (emperor, sultan, master), receive two loaves (flat cake, cakes, roasted chicken) from the king. In one of the loaves nothing (bones) is hidden, the other one is filled with (pieces of) gold. By this gift the king intended to reward the beggar who had asked for his help, and to demonstrate his secular power. But the beggars exchange their loaves, because the one who trusted in secular power thought that his loaf was not well baked because it was so heavy. When the king learns about the exchange he agrees that God's power is stronger than his own [N351]. Cf. Types 745A, 842, and 947.",Documented in the late Middles Ages.,"461, 736, 736A, 745A, 834, 842, 923, 954, and 1535."
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,842A*,The Beggar Dies in Night Lodgings,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 221; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 42; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A large sum of money is found in a dead beggar's clothes (sewn up in his coat) [N524.1]. On a clergyman's advice, the money is used to buy pigs and fatten them. All the pigs are slaughtered except one, which leads the clergyman to the graveyard, where it sinks into the dead beggar's grave (the beggar is seen riding in flames on one of the pigs to hell). It shows that the money was acquired in a dishonest way.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,842C*,Floating Coins,"BP II, 75; Scherf 1995 II, 1423�1425.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 842*; Latvian: Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 6, Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1982, No. 17; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 212f.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 842C*1; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 105ff.; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 173, Jason 1989, No. 842C*�*B.",Coins earned by hard work float on water [J1931] and bring happiness. Cf. Type 1651.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,843*,The Lazy Weaving Woman,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 451.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 171; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Slovene: Kotnik 1924f. II, 78; Votyak: Wichmann 1901, No. 40.","When she sees how a persistent little bird pecks a hole in a stone, she resumes her work diligently [J1011].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,844,The Luck-bringing Shirt,"K�hler et al. 1894, 118�135; Schwarzbaum 1968, 164, cf. 149f., 225; EM 6 (1990) 808�812 (J. van der Kooi); Dekker et al. 1997, 161f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 80, 81; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 844*, Viidalepp 1980, No. 109; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 844*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 32; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J1085.3, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 94, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Haan 1979, 106ff., Kooi 1985f., No. 4; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 844; Flemish: Lox 1999b, No. 41; German: Busch 1910, No. 35, Hen�en 1959, No. 89; Italian: Keller 1963, 138ff., Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 376; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 278f., Bolhar 1974, 196f.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 72; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 334; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 949*, B�rlea 1966 II, 525f., III, 466; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 277, cf. No. 309; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 844, cf. Nos. 844*A, 844*B, cf. Jason 1975, Nos. 844*A, *844*B, Jason 1988a, No. 844, cf. Nos. 844*A, 844*C, Haboucha 1992, No. 844, cf. No. 844*A; Syrian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 170, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. *844B, *885B; US-American: Baughman 1966; North African: Nowak 1969, No. 271, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 170, El-Shamy 2004.","A ruler (king, mayor, sovereign couple) is sick (unhappy). A doctor (wise man, hermit) advises him to wear (to look for) the shirt of a lucky man. Servants are sent out to look (the ruler himself looks) for such a man, but a lucky man cannot be found. Finally they meet a poor man (shepherd, boy) who seems to fit the requirement. But it turns out that the man has no shirt [N135.3]. The king dies (realizes that luck cannot be bought).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,844*,The Revenge of the Castrated Man,"Wesselski 1925, No. 43; Wesselski 1931, 16f., 26f; Krappe 1931; Tubach 1969, No. 4436; Uther 1981, 31f.; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 422; EM 11,1 (2003) 153�156 (U. Marzolph).","Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 127, Haboucha 1992, No. 844*A; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 12; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *885B.","A male slave (servant, farmhand) who had been punished for a serious crime (adultery) by castration (blinding) blackmails his master to be mutilated (to mutilate himself) by threatening to kill his children (sons, wife). When the man has obeyed, the slave kills the children anyway [K1465].","Documented in medieval Arabic literature; early European version by Giraldus Cambrensis, Itinerarium Kambriae (I,11). For popular treatment, see Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus.",NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,844**,One's Own Cross is Best,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 149f.; Tubach 1969, No. 1333.","Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 355f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 844A*; German: cf. Benzel 1991, 56f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *794A*; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. 947*E; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 130.",A man (poor people) who is unhappy with his situation has the opportunity to trade (in a shop) his cross (bag of sorrows) with another one. He discovers that his own fate fits him better.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,845,The Old Man and Death,"BP III, 294; Heinemann 1932; Zajczkowski 1932, 465�475; Ages 1969, No. P60; EM 1 (1977) 382f. (E. Moser-Rath); Hansen 2002, 314�316.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 82, 83; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Danner 1961, 178, Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cifarelli 1993, No. 504; Spanish: RE 5 (1965) 208f., Chevalier 1983, No. 53, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meulemans 1982, No. 1461; German: Moser-Rath 1964, 40f., Kapfhammer 1974, 80, Tomkowiak 1993, 259; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1988, 107; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2563*; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. I, 60; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS; Jewish: cf. Stephani 1998, No. 20; Uzbek: Stein 1991, No. 167; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. C11; Nepalese: Jason 1989; US-American: Baughman 1966.","An old man has to carry a heavy load of wood a long way. Tired and exhausted, he puts it down and wishes for death. When death appears and asks why he had been called, the old man explains, 'I want you to help me with the load!' [C11].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 431 No. 60).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,846,Devil Always Blamed,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 188; R�hrich 1965, 42; Schwarzbaum 1968, 261; Schwarzbaum 1979, 485�487, 499�502; Schwarzbaum 1980, 280f.; EM 6 (1990) 1�3 (I. K�hler).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 84�86, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E1086; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 49; Latvian: Carpenter 1980, 179; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Bondeson 1882, No. 62; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 175, Ranke 1955ff. III, No. 792*, Hen�en 1963b, No. 26, Neumann 1973, No. 31; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. N111.4.2; Slovene: cf. Zupanc 1944a, 60ff.; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 135, 144; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2493; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","God and the devil go for a walk on earth [K1811]. The devil complains about men's injustice (after being criticized by God for his impoliteness: he did not answer the people's greetings and showed them his tongue). He is always blamed for God's mistakes, but whenever he does something well, God receives the thanks. The devil proves it by pushing a cow (horse, ox) into a ditch. The farmer blames him by asking which damned devil had done that. While the farmer fetches help in the village the devil pulls the animal out of the ditch. When the farmer comes back and sees that his cow has been saved, he exclaims, 'Thank God!' [N111.4.1].","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 431f. No. 61, 454 No. 174).",NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,846*,The Vengeful Saints,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 192; Schwarzbaum 1979, 295 not. 14.","Finnish: Rokala 1973, 119, Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 87; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 172; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 575f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 419; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 116�119; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 102, 104; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 846*, cf. Nos. 846**, 846***, 846****; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 846*, cf. No. 846**; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.","A man (farmer, shepherd) praises only one of the saints (on his nameday) and disparages the others. The neglected saint takes revenge by sending hail and a bad harvest. But the praised one helps the man and informs him about the other saint's plans. In another variant the saints dispute as to which of them the man addressed his words, 'Good day' [cf. J1712].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Other Religious Tales 827-849,NA,849*,The Cross as Security,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 99, 461; Scherf 1995 II, 906�909.","Russian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, Nos. 68, 69, SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 66, Jason 1965; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 849A*. REALISTIC TALES (NOVELLE)","A merchant borrows money, leaving a cross (icon) as security. During a storm, fearing a shipwreck, he throws a barrel with the money into the water. The barrel floats back to the creditor. In another version a poor man borrows flour from a rich man, leaving an icon of St. Nicholas as security. The rich man threatens to destroy the icon if it is not redeemed in time. A young man overhears the deal, procures money, redeems the icon, and places it in his mother's house. In order to earn money he decides to sell goods at a fair. On his way he gives a lift to an old man who later helps him to endure dangers during a wake. Finally the old man revives the dead daughter of the czar and the young man marries her. The old man makes the young wife into a happy, healthy person before he leaves. The young couple returns to the boy's mother where they learn that the icon is back in its usual place, but that it had disappeared for a while.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1030,The Crop Division,"Krohn 1889, 104�111; W�nsche 1905b, 70�79; BP III, 355�364; Hackman 1922, 140�170; Wesselski 1925, 254 No. 63; HDM 1 (1930�33) 593�599 (K. Heckscher); Schwarzbaum 1968, 196, 473; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 1921; R�hrich 1976, 252�272; EM 4 (1984) 225�234 (I. K�hler); Dekker et al. 1997, 385f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 28�30; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 16, 36(5), II, No. 209; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 2 (1884) 68ff. No. 375, Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 503; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B I, 26, 28f., 65, 145; French: Joisten 1955, No. 13; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming), Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. K171.1; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 223, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 58; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 28; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 189, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 254 No. 194; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 9; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 93f., 181f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 443; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 55ff.; Serbian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 226; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, cf. Jason 1975, No. 1030*A; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 3, 255; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 332, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian, US-American: Baughman 1966, Perdue 1987, No. 8; African American: Baughman 1966, Dance 1978, No. 351, Burrison 1989, 162; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 441, 447ff.; French-American: Carri�re 1937, Nos. 22, 62, Ancelet 1994, No. 5; Spanish-American: TFSP 9 (1931) 153�156; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 166; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 49, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","The devil (ogre, bear) and a farmer (God, saint, Gypsy, fox) want to divide the crop. In the first year, the devil claims what grows above the ground. The farmer plants turnips (potatoes), and the devil only gets the greens. In the following year they want to divide the other way. The farmer sows wheat (other kinds of grain, cabbage) and the devil, who gets what is growing beneath the ground, again comes away empty-handed [K171.1]. Cf. Types 9, 1633.","Documented in the early 14th century in Juan Manuel, El Conde Lucanor (No. 43).","1062, 1063, and also 9, 41, 154, 1012, 1082A, 1090, 1091, 1095, 1096, 1130, and 1535."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1030*,Choice of Cows (previously Bargain: Choice of Cows which Go to Old or New Stable),,"Bulgarian: BFP; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 179, 182�184; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, 19ff., Smiiklas 1910ff. 16, Nos. 27, 28, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 70; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 29, Megas/Puchner 1998.","A clever and a foolish brother, who want to divide their livestock, build a new cow-shed: The foolish brother will get all animals which go into the new cow-shed, and the clever brother all those which go into the old one. Only one ox (usually old, blind, lame) goes into the new cow-shed.",NA,"1642, 1643."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1031,Granary Roof Used as Threshing Flail,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 4; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202b(21,25); Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. I, No. 49, Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; German: Meyer 1932, Berger 2001; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 242; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 25; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 436 (B).","A giant and his farmhand have a threshing contest. The giant's iron threshing flails are too heavy for the farmhand to lift. So the farmhand pretends to use the barn roof (rafter) as threshing flail. The giant gives up [K1422]. Cf. Types 650A, 1049.",NA,"1050, 1052, 1088, and 1115."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1035,Clearing out Manure,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 10; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Svabe 1923f. II, 245ff. No. 92; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1035*; Greek: cf. Orso 1979, No. 339; Russian: SUS; Karachay: Lajpanov 1957, 25ff.","An ogre (devil) asks his farmhand to clear out the manure. The farmhand digs a hole for the manure [K1424] or piles it high [K1424.1]. In some variants, the farmhand puts a cork in the ox's backside to keep the stable clean, or he kills the animal for soiling itself.",NA,"1000, 1003, 1007, 1120, and 1132."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1036,Hogs with Curly Tails,EM: Teilung der Schweine (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 31, 32; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 203, 209(3); Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, cf. Briggs 1970f. B I, 107 No. 3, 94; French: Maugard 1955, No. 23, Arnaudin 1966, No. 54; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Webster 1877, 6ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 640, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 157, 211; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 36f.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 231, 503; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1030; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 65, MNK X 1; US-American: Baughman 1966, Perdue 1987, No. 36.","The devil (giant, dragon) and a man (Gypsy) have a contest to see who is able to throw more hogs out of a stable (over a roof, fence). The man throws only one hog, the devil all the others. When they are about to divide the animals, the man pretends he can recognize the hogs he has thrown out by a sign: He had turned around their tails. Thus the man gets all hogs with curly tails, the devil only a sick one with a straight tail [K171.4].",NA,"1000, 1004, 1029, 1060, 1062, and 1072."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1037,The Ogre Shears a Pig,"R�hrich 1991f. I, 539�541; EM: Teufel schert die Sau (in prep.).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 227; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. K171.5; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Schemke 1924, 54ff.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 83b; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Spanish-American: TFSP 13 (1937) 87.","An ogre and a boy, who breed sheep and pigs, are going to divide what the animals produce. Of the sheep, the ogre gets the lambs to fatten, the boy gets the wool and the milk. Of the pigs, the boy gets the young ones, and the ogre is allowed to shear the pigs and take their milk [K171.5]. Cf. Type 1030. In a shorter version, an ogre (numskull, devil) tries to shear a pig and comments on this experience, 'Much screaming, no wool.'",The short version of this type is also popular as a proverbial phrase.,NA
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1045,Pulling the Lake Together,"Cf. K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 328; EM: Seil: Das gro�e S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 3, 4, 11, 14, 19, 20, VI, Nos. 306, 307; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 89(9), II, Nos. 202b(22), 202c, 286(6); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 1045, 1053A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 1046; Livonian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1045, 1053A; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1046, cf. B�dker et al. 1963, 26ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1045, 1046; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 59, Seignolle 1946, Nos. 56, 89, Seignolle 1959, No. 54; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 279, 280, Camarena Laucirica 1991, Nos. 155, 156, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Basque: Bl�mml 1906, No. 6(1); Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1049; Dutch: Leopold/Leopold 1882, 507ff.; German: Meyer 1921, 8ff., Peuckert 1932, No. 96, Ranke 1966, No. 67; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 68; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 39, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 192f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 104; Serbian: cf. Filipovi 1949, 254, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 186; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 73ff.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 354; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 187ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 1045, 1053A; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Tillhagen 1948, 40ff., Mode 1983ff. III, No. 165; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 36; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 1045, 1053A; Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 285; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 1045, 1053A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; English-Canadian: Dorson 1952, 95ff; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 61; North African, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 1045, 1053A.","(Including the previous Types 1046 and 1053A.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A man (workman, shepherd boy) threatens the devil (ogre) by pretending that he will pull together a lake (pull away a forest or mountains) with a rope (chain). The devil is intimidated (because he lives in the lake. He tries to kill the man, or gives him gold or other gifts to stop him) [K1744]. Cf. Type 1650. (2) A man threatens an ogre (devil) by pretending to pull away a warehouse with a rope. The ogre is intimidated by the man's seeming power. (They tie a rope around the warehouse; the ogre pulls and is crushed beneath the house.) (Previously Type 1046.) (3) A man (farmhand) makes a long rope so he can lead home the whole herd of cattle. (Previously Type 1053A.)",NA,"1000�1029, 1045, and also 1049, 1052, 1060, 1063, 1071, 1072, 1084, 1088, 1115, 1130, 1149, and 1650."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1048,Buying Wood,EM 6 (1990) 1202f. (�. D�m�t�r).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 33; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; French: Maugard 1955, No. 23; Catalan: Sales 1951, 67ff.","A poor man (often the youngest of three brothers) becomes a farmhand of the devil (master, a red-haired man, God). The farmhand is ordered to get neither straight nor crooked wood, or semi-straight and semi-crooked wood, in equal parts (buy a forest). The farmhand cuts down the wood and thus does his master harm. The master discharges him immediately (gives him another order) [K186].",Documented in the 19th/20th century.,"1000�1029, and also 1036, 1062, and 1085."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1049,The Heavy Axe,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 84�86, 290f., 326�329, 477�479; BP III, 333�335; EM: Wettstreit mit dem Unhold (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 5, 34; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 202a, 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 766, Kristensen 1881ff. III, 122ff. No. 24; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Wehse 1979, 150f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Fontes 1975, No. 38, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Leopold/Leopold 1882, 507ff.; Frisian: Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 32; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, III, No. 183, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 20; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 35; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 123, 132, 330, II, No. 476; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 12; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 187ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 84b; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 162 III 3 (var. b�ah); Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 25; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957.","A master (ogre, devil, bear) asks his farmhand (boy, old man, tailor) to fetch firewood and water, but the axe and the buckets are so heavy that the farmhand cannot lift them. The farmhand demands an axe heavy enough to cut down the whole forest and a bucket large enough to bring in the whole well. The master is frightened and does the work himself [K1741.1, K1741.3]. Cf. Type 1031.",Documented in the 19th century.,"1000�1029, 1045�1063, 1084, 1088, 1115, 1149 and 1640, and also 1072, 1085, and 1153."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1050,Felling Trees,EM 1 (1977) 1374�1377 (H. Lixfeld).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 3, 4, 11, 16, 41; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1050, cf. Nos. 1065A*, 1065B*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. I, No. 49, Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 766, Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 24; Basque: Webster 1877, 6ff.; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 221ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hubrich-Messow 2000; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *1045A, *1050A; US-American: Roberts 1969, No. 25, cf. No. 32; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 179ff.; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, Nos. 10, 75.","(Including the previous Types 1065A* and 1065B*.) An ogre (giant, devil, dragon, bear) and a man (boy, old man, Gypsy, tailor) each try to fell a large tree in order to see who is faster and stronger. The man exchanges the ogre's axe with a dull one. In some variants, the man secretly saws into his tree in advance, uses an axe while the ogre uses his fists, or tricks the ogre into doing all the work [K44, K44.1, K178, K1421]. (Previously Types 1065A* and 1065B*.) Cf. Type 650A.",NA,"1000�1029, 1640, and also 1049, 1052, 1060, 1063, 1088, and 1115."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1051,Bending a Tree,"BP I, 148�165, III, 333�335; EM 1 (1977) 1374�1377 (H. Lixfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 18; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 202b(21); Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926, No. 1051; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1975, 51ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. III; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 23; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 4, 31; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, III, No. 183, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 144, Gerstner-Hirzel 1979, No. 245; Austrian: Pramberger 1946, 129ff., Haiding 1953, Nos. 20, 62; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 269ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 123, 240, 330; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 50f.; Serbian: Filipovi 1949, 254, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 185; Croatian: Ardali 1908a, 184ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 33; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 74ff., Dizdar 1955, 179ff.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 354; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4584; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 50; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 84b, 84d; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 162 III 3 (var. c, k); Gypsy: H�eg 1926, No. 9, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Christensen 1921, No. 8; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 10; Chinese: Dejun/Xueliang 1982, No. 367.","An ogre (giant, devil, dragon, bear) and a man (Gypsy, tailor) have a contest to see who is the stronger. The man is not able to bend a tree and to keep the tree-top down. He tricks the ogre into performing this task. When the tree-top springs up, the man is shot into the sky. He pretends to have made a high jump to fetch (catch) something. (The ogre is unable to imitate the jump, falls to his death, or gives up.) [cf. K1112].",NA,"1045�1063, 1115, 1640, and also 303, 1000, 1003, 1006, 1072, 1084, 1120, and 1149."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1052,Carrying a Tree (previously Deceptive Contest in Carrying a Tree),"BP I, 148�165; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; EM 1 (1977) 1374�1377 (H. Lixfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2�4, 11, 12, 14�17, 27, 41; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 56c(20), II, Nos. 202a, 202b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 60; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 766, Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 35, III, No. 24, Kristensen 1890, No. 131; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Massignon 1953, No. 10; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 32; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 20, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Hungarian: MNK V; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 330; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 186; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 73ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 84b; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Votyak, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 75; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 255; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 114; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XIV, No. 10; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 II, No. 341; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004.","An ogre (giant, devil, bear) and his helper (man, fox) are going to carry home the tree they have felled. The helper says that he is stronger (does not know the way) and will carry the top, while the ogre carries the bottom-end. The ogre goes first and carries the bottom-end. But instead of carrying the branches, the helper sits on them, and the ogre has to carry the whole burden alone [K71]. Cf. Type 1640.",NA,"1000�1029, and also 1031, 1045, 1049�1051, 1060�1063, 1085, 1088, and 1115."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1053,Shooting Wild Boars,"BP III, 333�335; EM: Tausend mit einem Schu� (in prep.).","German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 183; Hungarian: MNK V; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 57; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: cf. Kontelov 1956, 108f.; Argentine: Hansen 1957.","An ogre (giant) asks his farmhand to shoot a wild boar or two. The farmhand asks, 'Why not a thousand at one shot' The ogre is frightened by the presumed power of his farmhand [K1741.2].",NA,"1045, 1049, 1051, 1060, and 1149."
Religious Tales,Partnership Between Man And Ogre 1030-1059,NA,1059*,Riding on a Harrow (previously The Peasant Makes the Devil Sit on the Reversed Harrow),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 11, 35; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 202b(28,29); Swedish: Liungman 1961; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A farmer (boy) makes the devil ride on a reversed harrow (roller, sit on the thorny end of a tree) [K1117].",NA,1052.
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,880,A Man Boasts of his Wife,"BP III, 530 not. 2, cf. 517�531; EM 5 (1987) 168�186 (R. Wehse); H�gh 1988; Ramsey 1989.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 102; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Beckmann 1955, 61ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 266; Turkmen: cf. Stebleva 1969, No. 57; Buryat: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 880A*; Georgian: Finger 1939, 199ff.; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 25; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 71.","A man boasts of the cleverness of his wife at a king's court. He is imprisoned (in the royal castle) in order to test whether his wife is able to find and to free him. When she learns about his imprisonment, she disguises herself as a man [K1837] and comes to live at the court. The princess falls in love with her and their marriage is planned. When her masculinity is doubted she has to undergo ordeals to prove her sex, but passes them all. Finally she manages to free her husband by a trick (exchange of clothes) and escapes with him [R152.1].",NA,"514, 514**, 881, and 884."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,880*,The Gambler's Wife,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 103; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A soldier beats his general at gambling and then marries the general's daughter. Later, he loses all his money at gambling, and returns to his poor parents. His wife wins back what he had lost and finds her husband.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,881,Oft-proved Fidelity,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 94, VI, 154f. No. 321, 155f. No. 322A, 157f. No. 322B, 158f. No. 322C, 160 No. 324; EM 5 (1987) 168�186 (R. Wehse); H�gh 1988; Ramsey 1989; Davis 2002, 105�109; Ritter 2003, 366�369; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 163, 306, 384, 512.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 104; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: cf. Tinneveld 1976, No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 27; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 81, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 141; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Meyer 1884, 127ff.; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 29, Megas/Puchner 1998; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 247; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 195, 215 IV, 219 V; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 266, cf. No. 221; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uighur: Kabirov/Schachmatov 1959, 107ff.; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1955, 173ff.; Armenian: Levin 1982, No. 20, Gullakjan 1990; Kazakh: B�l�zs 1956, 138ff.; Turkmen: Reichl 1986, No. 31; Tadzhik: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 42, 46; Buryat, Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 881B*; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: cf. Arnold 1994, No. 35; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 313, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: cf. Daum 1983, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 13; French-American: Saucier 1962, No. 1; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, 302; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **897A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Stumme 1895, 77ff., El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A merchant marries (falls in love with) a woman (princess) of high descent (extraordinary beauty). During the absence of her husband (on a journey), another man (relative, several men) tries to seduce her [K2112] but is rejected. The man slanders her to her husband. He believes the false evidence that she was unfaithful during his absence and orders that she be killed. She asks to be left in a box in the sea, and escapes. A doctor (another man) heals her and wants to marry her (she is found by other men who all want to marry her) [T320.1]. Through her cleverness she eludes or escapes from all the men who (fall in love with her and) want to possess her. After these adventures she disguises herself as a man [K1837] and becomes king. She has her picture (painting, photo, statue) displayed in a public place [H21] (a personal report is published, her life-story is written on a vault). Every person who comments on the picture is imprisoned. All the men she had known during her life, her husband included, come (to the picture) and describe their meeting with her. The woman in man's clothes condemns, pardons, or recompenses them according to the roles they played in her life. Finally she discloses her identity and is reunited with (marries) her husband [R195]. (She changes roles with her husband so that he becomes ruler.) Cf. Types 514, 514**, 712, 880, 884, and 887.",NA,"513A, 514, 514**, 571, 880, and 884."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,881A,The Abandoned Bride Disguised as a Man,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 199f. No. 372.","French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 14; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 128ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 56, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 40; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 215 IV 5 (c, d, e, f), 272 IV 3; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 22; Dagestan: Levin 1978, No. 16; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 394ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Paasonen/Siro 1939; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 11; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 100ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 17ff.; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 42, 46; Georgian: Dum�zil 1937, No. 7; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 313, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Hor�lek 1968f., 186ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. I, No. 8, II, Nos. 103, 108, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 10; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 42, cf. No. 43; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 119.","A prince and his bride are separated in a forest. She escapes from her would-be seducers [T320.1]. (She shoots an arrow, saying she will marry the one who first returns with it, and escapes while the men pursue the arrow.) The bride disguises herself as a man [K521.4.1.1, K1837] and is chosen king (given other high honors in a strange land). Or she disguises herself as a servant to the king and overpowers an ogress. (She hears a cry at night and finds an ogress trying to devour a human corpse. She cuts off the ogress' leg or the like and is rewarded by the king.) She 'marries' a princess (princesses) [K1322]. She displays her picture (statue) in a public place [H21] and posts servants (stays there herself) to overhear comments. She gives alms to all comers. In this way she finds her husband. The would-be seducers are punished. Cf. Types 514**, 881.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,882,The Wager on the Wife's Chastity,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 211f.; Paris 1903a; Katona 1908; BP III, 92; Popovi 1922; Chevalier 1964; Schwarzbaum 1968, 62, 455; Tubach 1969, No. 5194; Almansi 1974; Bergel 1974; Schwarzbaum 1979, 563; EM 3 (1981) 190�197 (E. Moser-Rath); Roth/Roth 1986; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 83�85; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 330�332 (U. Kocher).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 105; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 175; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 162; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 65; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 23; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: cf. Roth 1977, No. E21; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. N15, cf. Childers 1977, No. K1342, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, Nos. 293, 325, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 318f.; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, Moser-Rath 1984, 120, 285, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VII, No. 2Hozm/91; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 20; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 5, XIV, 86, Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 128; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 23; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 34ff., 37f., 38ff., 44f.; Slovene: Nedeljko 1884ff. II, 56ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 882A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 250, 272, 378; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 80, Haboucha 1992, No. 882, cf. No. 929*B; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 451f.; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 114; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 56; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 882A; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 93, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 199ff., Nowak 1969, No. 93, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *303*; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 48, Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 412 No. 311; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 45�84, cf. esp. nos. 49�52; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 59; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 57; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Cymbeline.) A husband (ship captain) praises the virtue of his wife (poor girl) and makes a wager with a friend (business partner, merchant, adversary) regarding her chastity [N15]. After trying in vain to seduce the woman, the friend, with the help of a corrupt servant, secretly goes into her bedroom (hidden in a box) [K1342]. There, without touching her, he discovers a birthmark on her breast and/or secures a token (ring [H94] or clothing) and uses it to pretend that he seduced her [K2112.1]. The husband believes him, casts off his wife (orders someone to kill her), and leaves home. The woman escapes death and travels in man's clothes [K1837]. She gains a high position at a foreign court. There she meets her husband, who has become destitute and proves her innocence to him. In some variants she follows her husband and serves him unrecognized (in man's clothes) for several years. Finally the slanderer is unmasked and the couple is reunited. Cf. Type 892.","For popular treatment, see Shakespeare, Cymbeline.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 217, 465, 881, 890, and 978."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,882A*,Suitors at the Spinning Wheel,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 106; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 53; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 503f.; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 60; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 139ff.; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 238ff.; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 44, cf. Nos. 42, 43.","In the absence of her husband (ship captain) a wife is annoyed by three suitors. She tricks them into a room [K1218.1.2] and makes them spin (work). Cf. Types 890, 1730.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,883A,The Innocent Slandered Maiden,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 206 No. 66, VI, 144f. No. 302, 146 No. 303, 159f. No. 323, 192 No. 362, VII, 93f. No. 374, VIII, 46f. No. 14; BP I, 305; Schwarzbaum 1968, 34, 445; EM 5 (1987) 113�115; Scherf 1995 II, 1431�1433; EM 8 (1996) 1402�1707 (C. Shojaei Kawan); R�th 1998; cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 20.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 107; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 176; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 66; Irish: B�aloideas 2,3 (1930) 275ff., No. 1, � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 271, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 91; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 883A, 883C*; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 75; Hungarian: D�gh 1955f. I, No. 3; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 41ff., 466f.; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 85; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 883A, 883C*; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 25; Greek: Dawkins 1955, No. 23, Loukatos 1957, 146ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 883A, 883C*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 137 III (j, l), 236 V, 245; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 42, 46; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 312, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 312, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 883�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 174, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 21; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 883**C; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 312, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A, 883C*; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A; East African: Klipple 1992, 261f.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 883�, 883A.","(Including the previous Type 883C*.) In the absence of her father (parents), a relative (friend, clergyman, guardian) attempts to seduce a young woman. When she rejects him [T320.1], he writes a slanderous letter (out of revenge) to her father accusing her of loose conduct [K2110.1, K2112]. The father commands his son to kill his sister [S322.1.3]. Out of pity (believing in her innocence) the brother spares her and gives the liver (heart, blood) of an animal [K512.2] to the king as proof of the murder. The girl is abandoned. A king (prince) finds her and marries her [L162]. When the king has to go to war (when the woman with her children wants to pay a visit to her father), he tells a servant (officer, soldier, dignitary) or a relative (brother, uncle) to take care of (accompany) his wife. A second attempt at seduction is made [K2250.1], and the woman's children are often killed. She escapes [T320] in man's clothes (disguised as soldier, officer or shepherd) [K1837] and works unrecognized as a servant in her father's house (in an inn, as a shepherd). Despite the slanderer's statement that the queen is dead (abducted, escaped, has murdered her children), the king searches for his wife (father searches for his daughter). Finally all persons concerned meet together and the woman in man's clothes tells them what had happened (in the form of a tale). The family is reunited and the evildoers are punished. Cf. Type 712.",NA,709.
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,883B,The Punished Seducer,"BP III, 222�224; cf. EM 1 (1977) 1310; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 85�88; EM: Verf�hrer: Der bestrafte V. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 13, II, No. 108; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 177; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 7 (1887) 102�107, No. 553; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. J1675, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, K�hler-Z�lch/Shojaei Kawan 1991, 159�171; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 377ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 462ff.; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 192 III; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 28; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, No. 12; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 116.","Before going on a journey, a man (merchant) locks up his three daughters, and gives each of them a magic object (ring [D1610.8], flowers [D1610.3]) that will indicate if they are unchaste. A prince (knight, three princes, three young men) enters the girls' room secretly (disguised as a merchant) and seduces the two elder ones. The clever youngest sister resists his attempt at seduction [L63] and teases the prince. When her sisters have given birth, she disguises herself as a beggar and carries the newborn children to the princes' castle (to their fathers). When the merchant comes home and realizes what has happened, he intends to kill the two sisters. (But when the princes agree to marry his daughters he abandons his plan). The prince who wants to marry his youngest daughter plans to kill her on her wedding night. She puts a sugar doll in her place [K525.1]. He cuts the doll with his sword, and when he tastes the 'blood' he realizes 'the sweetness' of his wife and regrets his deed. (The girl shows up and they are reconciled with one another.) Cf. Types 879, 884.","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (III,6).",879.
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,883C,The Boys with Extraordinary Names,,"German: cf. M�llenhoff 1845, No. 54; Greek: Klaar 1970, 133ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 137; Syrian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 338, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: cf. Assaf/Assaf 1978, No. 27; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 42, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 338; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A maiden is cast out from home [S322.1], marries a man of the lower class, and has three sons whom she names ''What was I', 'What am I' and 'What will I be' (the like) [N271.2]. In this way she attracts her father's attention, and becomes reconciled with him. Cf. Types 1530*, 1940.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,884,The Forsaken Fianc'e: Service as Menial,"BP II, 56�59; HDM 2 (1934�40) 571; Wesselski 1931, 122; EM 2 (1979) 716�723; EM 5 (1987) 168�186 (R. Wehse); H�gh 1988; Ramsey 1989; Scherf 1995 II, 1952�1054, 1098�1101, 1388f., 1470�1472; Delpech 1998; cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 17.","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 884, *884C; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 876*; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K1816.0.2.1*, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 425K, IV, Nos. 884, 884B, 884B*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 425K, 884B*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 884B; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; German: M�llenhoff 1845, No. 4, Meyer 1932, Tomkowiak 1993, 259, KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 67, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 39; Italian: De Nino 1883f. III, No. 55, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 884, 884B, 884B*, De Simone 1994, No. 51, Aprile 1996, No. 425K; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II, No. 425K; Czech: Jech 1959, No. 107; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 62; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 19, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 244; Rumanian: cf. Schott/Schott 1971, No. 25, Amzulescu 1974, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 425K, 884B; Greek: Laogr�phia 6 (1917�20) 390�395, 11 (1934�37) 459�461, 16 (1956) 390�394, 19 (1961) 569�575, Dawkins 1953, No. 47b, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. *884C, *884D; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, Nos. 884, 884B*; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 884, 884B*, 884B**; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 374 (4�7); Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 425K, 884, Jason 1975, No. 425K, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 884, 884B*, cf. No. 883C*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 12; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 24ff., cf. Levin 1986, No. 2; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 61ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 884B*; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 884, 884B*; Iraqi: cf. Campbell 1952, 16ff.; Saudi Arabian: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 42, Fadel 1979, No. 20, Lebedev 1990, No. 37, El-Shamy 2004, No. 884B*; Qatar; El-Shamy 2004, No. 884B*; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 884, 884B; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 425, 884*C, 884*D; Brazilian: Fagundes 1961, No. 17; Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 425K; West Indies: Parsons 1933ff. I, 281ff., II, 561f.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 884, 884B*; Algerian: Savignac 1978, No. 5, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 884, 884B*; Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 884B*.","(Including the previous Types 425K, 884B, and 884B*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales with different contents. The variants include different combinations of the following motifs: A woman disguised in man's clothes [K1837], test of a person's gender [H1578.1], separation of lovers (couple) [T84, T165.4], wife finds lost husband as he is about to marry another [N681.1], girl in menial disguise at lover's court [K1816.0.2], the forgotten fianc'e [D2003], recognition of lover through displaying a picture [H21], and the prince marries his first fianc'e [J941, T102]. Cf. Types 313, 425A, 514, 514**, 879A, 880, 881, 882, 883A, 890, and 891A.","Early literary versions see Basile, Pentamerone (II,3, III,4, and III,6).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,885,The Facetious Wedding (previously The Poor Boy Betrothed to the Maiden),"Child 1882ff. IV, 218, 230, V, 260f.; HDM 1 (1930�33) 549; Schwarzbaum 1968, 472; EM: Trauung: Die scherzhafte T. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 109; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 178; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. IV, No. 9; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Schier 1974, No. 63; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. II, Nos. 5, 14; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K1371.1; Scottish: cf. Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 17b; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 891D; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 206, Ranke 1955ff. III, Neumann 1971, No. 140, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Syrian, Palestinian, Oman, Kuwaiti, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. I, 81ff., XIV, No. 26; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A young woman is forced by her parents to marry a clergyman even though she has fallen in love with a poor boy (soldier). When the young man (returning from a journey) comes unrecognized to her wedding, the priest jokingly marries him to the girl [K1371.1]. He reveals himself. In German variants Friedrich II requests a mock wedding between the bride and a soldier.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,885A,Woman Feigns Death (previously The Seemingly Dead),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 133ff. No. 63; Bolte 1910; Bolte 1911a; Bolte 1920�22; R�hrich 1962f. II, No. 3, esp. 426�428; EM: Scheintote Prinzessin (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 110, 111; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 108, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 86; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 261f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 37, II, Nos. 272, 302, 376, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Cox-Leick/Cox 1977, No. 48, Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 319; German: Wegener 1880, 71 f.; Austrian: Kainz 1974, No. 106; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 401f., II 2, 221ff., Jech 1984, No. 56; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 403ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 885; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 84, Jason 1965, 1975; Chuvash: cf. Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 33; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 11; Kirghiz: Radloff 1866ff. III, 742ff.; Palestinian: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. K522.0.1; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Marzolph 1994, 297ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A young woman (princess) has fallen in love with a poor young man, but her parents make her marry another man. The rejected wooer leaves for a journey. At her wedding the girl falls down dead (feigns death) [T37]. Her lover returns, resuscitates her, and marries her. Or, he secretly escapes with her and a wax doll is buried in her grave.","Chinese origin (T�ai p�ing-kuang-chi, finished 978; cf. Ting 885A). European versions are documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Thomas Cantipratanus, Bonum universale de apibus (II,57,20). Another early version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (X,4).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,886,The Girl Who Could Not Keep the Secret,"Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 23�42; EM 2 (1979) 726�730 (U. Masing); Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 544�546 (J. Janota); Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 78�80 (R. M. Kully).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 112; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 11, Kristensen 1900, No. 173; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 452ff.; English: Stiefel 1908, No. 73, cf. Wehse 1979, No. 120; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 344, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Moser-Rath 1984, 98, 289; Italian: Arx 1909, No. 30; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1932, No. 215.","A young man leaves his bride because she cannot keep secrets. He finds a new bride. At the betrothal the first fianc'e says that she still hopes to marry him. When the new fianc'e learns that the young man had abandoned the former bride because of her talkativeness, she boasts of her superiority in keeping silent: that she has concealed all her previous lovers (the killing of her children) [K1275]. The young man decides to marry his first bride [J941].","Documented in the Middle Ages (13th century), e.g. La Grue, Le H�ron and in Cent Nouvelles nouvelles (No. 8).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,887,Griselda,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 501�555; Laserstein 1926; HDM 2 (1934�40) 350�352 (J. de Vries); Debaene 1951, 62�66; Tubach 1969, No. 2383; Stackelberg 1984; Verfasserlexikon 5 (1985) 691�694 (F. P. Knapp); Bertelsmeier-Kierst 1988; Frenzel 1988, 261�265; Morabito 1988; Verfasserlexikon 7 (1988) 486f.; Velay-Vallantin 1989; EM 6 (1990) 205�212 (L. Petzoldt); Morabito 1990; Ziegeler 1993; Gier 1994; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 113; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 179; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 1, B�dker 1964, No. 51; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 450f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 185, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch, Flemish: Hogenelst 1977 II, No. 330, Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 320; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 14; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 27; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 397, 401, 468; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 306; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, cf. No. *832A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 887**A.","A marquis (king) who loves his freedom marries because his subjects demand it. He chooses a wife of the lower class (named Griselda), and demands that she promise always to be obedient. When she has given birth to two children, he tests her obedience by taking them away making her believe that he has killed them. After 15 years, he casts her off and orders her adult children (who had grown up in another family) to come home. He pretends to marry Griselda's daughter, and makes Griselda serve her at the wedding feast. When Griselda accepts even this humiliation, he explains everything to her (that everything had been a test), and takes her again as his wife [H461]. Cf. Types 712, 881, and 900.","Early version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (X,10).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,887A*,Precious Stones in Bricks (previously The Purchased Wife),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 114; Bulgarian: cf. Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 276ff., BFP, No. *887A**; Russian: SUS; Kurdish: cf. Dalila et al. 1989, No. 76; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 887A**.",A young man complains that he possesses brains but no money. He decides to spend all his hard-earned money to buy a wife [T52]. The wife teaches him how to enclose precious stones in bricks. He takes them to the king (czar) as a gift and receives a reward.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,888,The Faithful Wife,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 444; Hertz 1900, 35, 310, 335; BP III, 517�531; Vries 1928, 275�284; DVldr 1935ff. I, No. 14; Schwarzbaum 1968, 47, 295; Tubach 1969, No. 4336; Ranelagh 1979, No. H431.1; Schwarzbaum 1979, 404f.; Verfasserlexikon 2 (1980) 880�882 (K. Ruh); EM 5 (1987) 203�207 (W. Williams-Krapp).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *888**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 880; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Roeck 1980, 44f.; German: Merkelbach-Pinck 1940, 150ff., 185ff., Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 265, cf. Rehermann 1977, 145, 405 No. 59, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 537; Austrian: Gloning 1912, 76f., Depiny 1932, 440, No. 478; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 251f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 4336; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 237; Slovene: Majar 1888, 56ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 338, SUS; Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, cf. Noy 1965, No. 44, Noy 1968, No. 68, Jason 1975; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. III, No. 155, MNK X 1; Turkmen: cf. Stebleva 1969, No. 57; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 59; Lebanese, Palestinian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Daum 1983, Nos. 21, 22, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. J1545.4; Filipino: Fansler 1921, 61ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 165; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 875C.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man who is taken into slavery in Turkey [R61] wears a shirt that remains white as long as his wife at home remains true to him [H431.1]. The sultan sends a messenger to seduce the wife, but in vain [T320.1]. Disguised as a pilgrim (monk) [K1837], she reaches the sultan's court. Through her harp-playing and her singing she wins the sultan's favor. He presents her with a (three) Christian slave, who is in fact her husband [R152.1]. When the husband has returned home he wonders what happened to his wife. She arrives in her pilgrim dress and identifies herself as his rescuer. (2) A king goes to a foreign land, where he is thrown into prison. His wife disguises herself as a gusli-player [K1837], goes to the hostile king and receives his permission to take one of the prisoners with her. She chooses her husband [J1545.4]. The husband does not recognize her and later reproaches his wife for not trying to help him. The truth is discovered. (Previously Type 875C.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,888A,The Wife Who Would Not be Beaten,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 252f., B II, 223f.; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 221, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Italian: Appari 1992, No. 45; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 242; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 155; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. II, No. 105, III, No. 247, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 35; Tibetian: O�Connor 1906, No. 6.","A prince (merchant's son) says he will marry only a woman who will submit to a beating each day [M134]. When he is married his wife refuses to allow him to beat her, saying he does not support her (but her father does). The prince sets out to win his fortune but is enslaved (loses all his fortune, must work at menial tasks). His wife disguises herself as a man [K1837] and frees him (by winning back all he had lost) [J1545.6]. She wins chess games by releasing mice which are chased by a trained cat (cf. Type 217) (she tricks the cheaters, she wins the wager). She secures tokens from her husband. At home, when the husband falsely boasts of his exploits, the wife displays the tokens [H80]. Her husband never beats her again.",NA,"217, 978."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,888A*,The Basket Maker,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 72ff. No. 239; Schwarzbaum 1979, 502 not. 11; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 390, 477.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 949*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 236; Serbian: Eschker 1992, 32; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 253�255; Rumanian: Ure 1960, 117ff.; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. 949*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 888A*, 949*; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 208 V, 231; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, Nos. 888A*, 949*; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, 270; Kabardin: Levin 1978, No. 30; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 19; Armenian: Khatchatrianz 1946, 68ff., cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 53, Gullakjan 1990; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 140f., 423ff.; Georgian: Finger 1939, 203ff.; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 949*; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 888A*, 949*; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *888B; Indian: Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 49, Jason 1989; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 53; Egyptian: Spitta-Bey 1883, No. 7, Nowak 1969, No. 267, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 888A*, 949*; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 267, El-Shamy 2004, No. 949*; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 949*; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 267, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 888A*, 949*.","(Including the previous Type 949*.) A man learns a trade (basket-making, painting) in order to support a wife. She is taken away by a sea captain. Years later, she recognizes her husband when she sees his baskets displayed.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,889,Wager on the Faithfulness of the Servant (previously The Faithful Servant),"Wesselski 1909, No. 1; Wesselski 1925, No. 11; BP IV, 181; Tubach 1969, No. 4321; EM 3 (1981) 650�655 (U. Huse); R�th 1998.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 24, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 13, Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 16, Holbek 1990, No. 30; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 189f., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 29, MNK IV; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 127H; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 32; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 17; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 62, Karlinger 1987, No. 52; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 189ff., 250ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 62; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A man (king, lord, farmer) boasts that his servant (shepherd, farmhand) would never tell a lie. His neighbor (foreign king, visitor, friend, governor) makes a wager on the faithfulness of the servant [N25]. In order to test the servant he is sent with a letter to the neighbor's wife (queen, daughter) where the woman makes him drunk and seduces him. In some variants the maidservant (daughter, wife) is sent to the sherpherd and persuades him to give her in return for her favors a lamb or the golden horns (liver, skin, meat) of his master's best ox (sheep, horse). Or he is made to believe that he lost his master's property by gambling while drunk. Later the servant rehearses how he could justify his behavior to his master: He puts his stick into the earth with his hat on top and speaks to it. But all possible lies seem inadequate to him, so he decides to tell the truth [J751.1]. Thus his master wins the wager (the servant is rewarded for his honesty). Cf. Type 930.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,890,A Pound of Flesh,"Bolte 1892; Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 200ff. No. 245; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, No. 18; Wesselski 1909, No. 138; Wesselski 1925, No. 61; HDM 2 (1934�40) 153f. (A. Taylor); Schwarzbaum 1968, 65, 253, 456; Tubach 1969, No. 3867, cf. No. 4357; Ranelagh 1979, No. K443.2; Schamschula 1981; EM 4 (1984) 1256�1262 (H. Lixfeld); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 483; Vajda 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 115; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. J1161.2; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K1825.2, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 707, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1984, 256; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 209; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 37f.; Greek: Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 297; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 80, Noy 1965, No. 7, Jason 1965, Haboucha 1992, No. 890A; Palestinian, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1534 (3, 7); Korean: Choi 1979, No. 634; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 38; Egyptian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A contract entitles the lender (Jew, merchant, usurer, nobleman) of a sum of money (that has been used to woo or to buy a woman [T52.3]) to cut a pound of flesh (eye, head, single limbs) from the debtor's (Christian or Muslim merchant, goldsmith, Jew, nobleman) body if the loan is not repaid in time [J1161.2]. In some variants the husband goes abroad for some time, and other men try to seduce his wife. She deceives them all and takes their money in payment for keeping the matter secret [K443.2] (cf. Types 882A*, 1730). When the time limit has been reached, the case is brought to the judge (pope, king, sultan, the debtor's wife disguised as judge [K1825.2], another woman in man's clothes [K1837]). In some variants, before the judgment has been executed, the creditor is offered the money if he will forgo the pound of flesh, but he does not agree. The judgment formally favours the creditor but adds some impossible conditions: when cutting the flesh of the debtor he must take the exact amount (he must not shed blood), otherwise he will be punished severely. Thereupon the creditor renounces his demand to mutilate the debtor (and is punished in addition).","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 195). For popular treatment, see Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice.","882, 1534."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,890**,The Debtor's Bed,"Herbert 1910, 128 No. 79, 170 No. 35; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 503; Tubach 1969, No. 541; EM 2 (1979) 242 (E. Moser-Rath).","Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1081.1; German: Joco-Seria 1631, 39f., Kurtzweiliger Zeitvertreiber (1685) 214, (Conlin 1708) III, 233 (EM archive); Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. J1081.1; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 8.","A knight (merchant) with heavy debts dies. The ruler (creditor) wants to sell the bed for a high price, saying that it must be very good since the knight slept well in it despite his debts [J1081.1].","Classical roots, Macrobius, Saturnaliae (II,4).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,890A*,The Snake in the Bosom,,"Hungarian: MNK IV; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 28.","A (sleeping) girl (young man) has a snake in her bosom. All her relatives refuse to help remove it. Finally her lover finds (removes) the snake, which turns to gold. Cf. Type 285B.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,891,The Man who Deserted his Wife (previously The Man who Deserts his Wife and Sets her the Task of Bearing him a Child),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 647�651; Ruben 1945; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 171�175 (K. P�ge-Alder); Fabula 41 (2000) 331.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 123f. 124f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 9; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 246; Greek: Klaar 1970, 131ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 192 (8�17), 193; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 100, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 354, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 354, Fadel 1979, No. 70, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 81; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 23; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 54; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 25; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 354, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man (prince, merchant) marries a woman, intending to revenge himself for an insult. He deserts her untouched before the wedding night (imprisons her), and sets her the seemingly impossible task of bearing him a son [H1187] (to get a foal of his mare or to fill a sealed box with gold) and leaves her. She follows him in disguise (first in man's clothes [K1837]) and has a love-affair with him without being recognized (three times) [K1814]. She gives birth to a son (three children). Her husband returns, intending to marry another woman. Upon seeing her son (children, tokens) he realizes that she has fulfilled the task. They are reconciled and he sends the other woman away. Cf. Type 879.","Oldest literary version is from 11th century India (Somadeva, Kathsaritsgara). Other early literary versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (III,9), Straparola, Piacevoli notti (VII,1) and Basile, Pentamerone (III,4 and V,6).","930, 1525G."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,891A,Crystal Palace (previously The Princess from the Tower Recovers her Husband),EM 8 (1996) 466�468 (S. Sakaolu).,"Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Trancoso/Ferreira 1974, 115ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 30, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 186�188; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 37; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 17; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 79.","A princess (only daughter) is kept isolated in a crystal palace [M372, R41.2, T381]. A prince finds her (sees her from far away) and they fall in love, but he leaves without asking to marry her. The princess follows him in a ship of diamonds. Disguised as the captain [K1837] she shows her ship to the prince. Then she takes a house in front of the king's palace and puts away her man's clothes. The prince falls in love with the unknown woman but she rejects his presents. Finally she accepts his third present, the Koran, but asks for a bridge of gold in addition. In the middle of the bridge her face is scratched by a rose-thorn. She tells the prince to lie down in a coffin like a corpse under (at the end of) the bridge. She looks down at him and tells him she is leaving. He follows her and they marry. Cf. Type 425D. In some variants she pursues the prince disguised as a man and identifies herself just as he is about to marry another. Or she pursues him and wins his love as a servantmaid.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,891B*,The King's Glove,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 64, 455; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 471; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 138, 285, 313.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 49; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 101, Cardigos (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Italian: Lombardi Satriani 1953f. II, No. 102, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 262; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 81, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 161ff.; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 202ff., Cascudo 1955b, 84ff.","The king admires (falls in love with) the (sleeping) wife of a courtier (knight) and leaves his glove (ring) on her bed. She is suspected of unfaithfulness. The king invites the courtier and his wife to a banquet, where all must tell their adventures. The king and the woman do so in rhyme, and the husband realizes their (his wife's) innocence.",NA,983.
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,891C*,'The Pig Eats the Money,,"Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 228, Cardigos (forthcoming); Russian: SUS.",' A wife falsely accused [K2110] of giving away money (to her lover). Her husband threatens to kill her but their child says that the pig (ox) has eaten the money. The man kills the pig and finds the money. He begs his wife's forgiveness.,"Early literary treatment, Libro de los e(n)xemplos (No. 293).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,892,The Children of the King,"Paris 1903a, 482�486, 546f.; Katona 1908; Popovi 1922; Wesselski 1925, No. 19, cf. No. 46; DVldr 1935ff. II, No. 38; Almansi 1974; Bergel 1974; EM 3 (1981) 190�197 (E. Moser-Rath); cf. Roth/Roth 1986; cf. R�th 1998; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 330�332 (U. Kocher).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., Nos. 15, 61; Faroesian: Nyman 1984; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 120, 285; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: cf. Levin 1986, No. 6; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","While a prince is in the service of another king, his sister must govern the country. However, seduced by a certain knight, the princess substitutes a maidservant. As proof of his seduction (rape) the knight shows a cut finger (hair, knowledge of the birthmarks) to the brother [K2112.1]. The prince repudiates his sister, but she justifies herself by giving proof of her chastity. Her innocence becomes apparent and the knight is punished [Q261]. Cf. Type 882.","For popular treatment, see Shakespeare, Cymbeline.",882.
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,893,The Unreliable Friends,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 194 No. 15, III, 124 No. 113, V, 215f., VIII, 194ff., IX, 15 No. 1, 16f.; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 557; Herbert 1910 III, 10, 55, 205; Basset 1924ff. II, Nos. 32, 52; Penzer 1924ff. V, 87; HDM 1 (1930�33) 94; BP IV, 358f.; Pedersen/Holbek 1961f. II, No. 181; Schwarzbaum 1968, 104; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2216, 2407; Ranelagh 1979, 168; EM 5 (1987) 287�293 (E. Schoenfeld); Schwarzbaum 1989a, 255�261; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 436; Lacarra 1999, 135�141; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 116; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 893*, Loorits 1959, No. 186; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 497ff.; French: cf. Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, No. 1381, Joisten 1971 II, No. 73; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Goldberg 1998, No. H1558.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. H1558.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Moser-Rath 1984, 287; Italian: Busk 1874, 237ff., No. 7, Rotunda 1942, No. H1558.1; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 97, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 188, D�m�t�r 2001, 274; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2216; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 90; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 33, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 188, 276, IV, No. 505; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 157ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 115, Haboucha 1992; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 74; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 77; Kurdish: Nebez 1972, No. 10; Armenian: Levin 1982, No. 24; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Oestrup 1897, 66ff. No. 4, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Lebanese, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Mei�ner 1904, No. 33, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *893, Marzolph 1994, 190ff.; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 16; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 110; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 29; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 43; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 81; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 68; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Jahn 1970, No. 44, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 I, No. 8, El-Shamy 2004; West African: Klipple 1992, 263.","A young man boasts of his numerous friends. His father intends to test them. A slaughtered animal (hog, statue, tub) is hidden in a sack (in a dark corner of the house). The young man pretends to have killed a person unintentionally. When he asks his friends to help him bury the corpse they all refuse. Only his father's 'half-friend' is ready to share the danger with him (remains true to him in his feigned trouble) [H1558.1, P315, R169.6].","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 120), Gesta Romanorum (No. 129), Dialogus creaturarum (No. 56).",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,894,The Ghoulish Schoolmaster and the Stone of Pity,"BP I, 19; Megas 1974; EM 5 (1987) 821�824 (K. Reichl); Goldberg 1995; R�th 1998; El-Shamy 1999, No. 13; EM 9 (1999) 1141�1146 (A. Schmitt).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 437; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 437; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 13; Irish: cf. � S�illeabh�in 1942, 572; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 437, cf. No. 438; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: cf. Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 438; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 437, 894; Hungarian: D�gh 1955f. II, No. 55; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 72; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 437, 894; Albanian: Dozon 1881, No. 7; Greek: Boulenger 1935, 99ff., Dawkins 1953, Nos. 32, 33, Laogr�phia 16 (1957) 153�155, 394�398, cf. 398�400, Karlinger 1979, No. 19, Diller 1982, No. 65; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 437; Turkish: K�nos 1905, 215ff., Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 185, cf. Boratav 1967, 150ff.; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 11, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 437, 894; Dagestan: cf. Chalilov 1965, No. 53; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 437; Azerbaijan: Seidov 1977, 101ff.; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 18; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 2, Gullakjan 1990; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 34f., Reichl 1978, 68�70; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 12; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 437; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 437, 894; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 221ff., Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 35, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Stevens 1931, No. 33, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 437, 894; Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 437, 894; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 149, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 5, Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 437; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 437, Jason 1989; Brazilian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 437; Egyptian: Artin Pacha 1895, No. 3, Nowak 1969, Nos. 106, 149, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 437, 894; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 437, 894; Moroccan: Dermenghem 1945, 21ff., El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 437 and 707A.) A princess accidentally sees her schoolmaster eating a corpse (a human being) [G11.9]. She escapes. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A princess marries a prince abroad and gives birth to several children, who are kidnapped by the ghoulish teacher. The teacher leaves blood (other signs) that point at the mother as murderer of her children [K2155.1], she is imprisoned. When the prince goes on a journey, his imprisoned wife asks him to bring her a stone of patience (and a knife), which he does. The prince overhears his wife telling her sorrows to the stone [H13.2.2]. The stone swells and finally bursts because it cannot bear the sorrow (and she tries to kill herself with the knife). The prince embraces his innocent slandered wife, and the cannibal teacher brings back her children. (2) The princess finds a sleeping prince who can only be awakened if she would care for him for a certain period (seven years, seven months, seven days [Z72.2]). Just before the end of the time limit, the princess delegates her task to a female slave and falls asleep. When the prince awakens and sees the slave he thinks that she has saved his life. He marries her, and the princess becomes her maidservant [K2251.1, K1911.1.4]. The princess asks for a knife and a stone of patience. The king's marshal overhears her telling her story to the swelling stone. When the prince listens, the stone bursts out of pity [H13.2.2]. When she is about to kill herself with the knife, the prince interferes. They marry and the slave girl is punished.","Important versions see Basile, Pentamerone (II,8 and cf. V,10).","425A, 710."
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,896,The Lecherous Holy Man and the Maiden in a Box,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 158f. No. 322C.","Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 407; Syrian, Palestinian, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. K1333, K1367, K1674, Q243.6, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 40; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. II, Nos. 108, 139, 144, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A holy man (trusted adviser) falls in love with a beautiful girl, but she spurns his advances. He convinces the girl's father (husband) that she is unchaste (will bring calamities to the kingdom) and that she should be placed in a box and cast into the river (delivered to him). He instructs his followers to bring the box to him, to leave it in his room, to securely lock the doors, and to ignore any sounds that may come from his room [K1333, K1367]. A prince (other helper) finds the box before it falls into the hands of the holy man's followers, removes the girl, and puts a mad dog (tiger, wild animal) [K1625, K1674] into the box. The holy man is torn to pieces when he opens the box [Q243.6]. The girl marries her rescuer and is reconciled with her family.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,897,The Orphan Girl and her Cruel Sisters-in-Law,,"Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. H934.2, H1023.19, H1361.1, H1023.2.1.2, H1091.2, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mode/Ray 1967, 173ff., Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 72; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960.","A young girl is left by her seven brothers while they go on a trip in the care of her seven sisters-in-law. They set tasks for her [H934.2], hoping she will be unable to perform them so that they can punish her. She is helped by various animals: to carry a large load of sticks from the forest without using a rope, a helpful snake winds around the sticks [H1023.19, B579.5]; to fetch a tigress's milk [H1361.1], the tigress willingly gives it; to fetch water in a sieve [H1023.2] (cf. Type 1180), frogs fill the holes in the sieve [H1023.2.1.2]; to gather seeds scattered in a field, birds help her [H1091.2]. While she is performing the last task, the brothers appear. The sisters-in-law are punished.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,898,The Daughter of the Sun,"K�hler/Bolte 1896, 70, No. 28; EM 3 (1981) 259�267 (G. Binder); R�th 1998; EM: Sonnentochter (forthcoming).","Danish: Kamp 1979f. II, 180ff., No. 17; French: Soupault 1959, No. 6; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, Nos. 3, 143, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 43; Hungarian: cf. D�m�t�r 1992, No. 87; Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1951, 101ff.; Bulgarian: cf. Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 143ff., cf. BFP, No. *898A; Albanian: Hahn 1864 II, No. 108; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 11, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 91; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, Nos. **898B, **898C; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 44; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 59f.; Syrian: Oestrup 1897, 56ff., No. 3, Nowak 1969, Nos. 78, 231, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 20, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Borcherding 1975, No. 15; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 78, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Stumme 1898, 120ff. No. 5, Nowak 1969, No. 78, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 231, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Fasi/Dermenghem 1928, 184ff., Nowak 1969, No. 78, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","(The Speechless Maiden. The Doll Bride.) In order to evade a prophecy that a princess would be impregnated by the sun and bear a child, she is confined in a tower. Nevertheless the prophecy is fulfilled [T381, T521]. The daughter of the sun is exposed [S313] in a garden and rescued by a prince [R131.1.3]. In some variants a childless couple, after having a dream, build themselves a girl (doll) from wood (lime, paste). A prince wants to marry her. On the way to the prince the (mistress of the) sea exchanges the doll with her own daughter, whom the prince marries. The prince does not recognize her extraordinary origin, so she stays mute and rejects him. The prince marries three women of royal blood, but they all die when they try to imitate the abilities of the first woman (e.g. objects obey her commands, her cut nose grows again, when she puts her finger in hot oil cooked fish appear, etc.). When the prince feigns an illness the girl cares for him, reveals her origin, and consents to the marriage. In other variants the prince overhears objects quarreling and learns how he should address her: daughter of the sun (daughter of the sea, etc.). When he calls her in this way she speaks and marries him.",This type is related to the myth of Danae.,NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,899,Alcestis,"Megas 1933; Brednich 1964a, 31�37; Schwarzbaum 1968, 289; EM 1 (1977) 315�319 (G. A. Megas); Anderson 2000, 116f.","Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Berze Nagy/Ban� 1957 II, No. 803**; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 87, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 134�136; Croatian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 27; Rumanian: Schott/Schott 1971, No. 29; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 113 (8�10); Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 63, Jason 1965, 1975; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989.","A young man (only son) is doomed to an early death: He is predestined to die on his wedding day [M341.1.1]. In some variants Norns [M301.12] (an angel, death) predict his death for the third day after his birth (another day). God (saints, St. George, Demetrius) intercedes with the Norns (death), and they agree that the young man may live if another person is willing to die for him or to give him half (a part) of his own remaining lifetime. The members of his family (his parents) refuse, but his bride is ready to die for him [T211.1]. God saves both the young man and the woman who is willing to sacrifice herself, and punishes the hard-hearted parents. Cf. Types 934, 1354.","Literary treatment, see Euripides, Alkstis.",NA
Religious Tales,Proofs Of Fidelity And Innocence 880-899,NA,899A,Pyramus and Thisbe,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 106f. No. 37, 116f. No. 52, 153f. No. 76; Branciforti 1959; Tubach 1969, No. 4015; Schmitt von M�hlenfels 1972; Frenzel 1988, 661�664; R�hrich 1989, 336�339; Verfasserlexikon 7 (1989) 928�930 (K.-H. Schirmer/F. J. Worstbrock); Garrison 1994; Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 980; EM 11,1 (2003) 87�92 (L. Lieb); Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 545�548 (M. Kern).","Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. T81.6; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. T41.1; German: Panzer 1848f. II, No. 439, Fischer 1968, 343f., 445, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VI, No. 2A/501, IX, No. 2S/1434, XI, No. 2S/4999, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 15; Italian: Schenda/Tomkowiak 1993, No. 134; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4015; Jordanian, Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 971�.","Pyramus and Thisbe, children of neighboring families, are in love, but their fathers have forbidden them to meet. They use a crack in the wall between their houses to communicate in secret [T41.1]. One day they decide to meet on the following night outside the city under a mulberry tree. When Thisbe arrives she is frightened by a lion and hides in a cave. Before the lion goes away, he chews on a scarf that Thisbe had dropped, and leaves marks of blood on it. Pyramus comes and, seeing the scarf (other evidence), believes that Thisbe is dead and kills himself [N343]. Thisbe returns, finds her lover dead, and kills herself with his sword [T81.6]. The blood-red berries of the mulberry tree commemorate the lovers' unhappy end.","Exemplum of classical origin, Ovid: Metamorphoses (IV,55�166). Widespread in Europe, for popular treatment, see e.g. Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night�s Dream ([1594/95] V,1). Also popular as a chapbook and a ballad.",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,950,Rhampsinitus,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 185f. No. 225; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 198�211, No. 17d, esp. 200; BP III, 395�406; Penzer 1952, 75�128; Petropoulos 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; Tubach 1969, No. 1996; Fehling 1977, 89�97; Verfasserlexikon 2 (1980) 86�88 (J. Meier); Fabula 22 (1981) 23; Scherf 1995 II, 1005�1009; Dekker et al. 1997, 234�238; R�th 1998; El-Shamy 1999, Nos. 1�4; Hansen 2002, 357�371; EM 11,2 (2004) 633�640 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 171; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 197; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, 49ff., 63ff., 74ff.; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 51, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 263; Austrian: Haiding 1953, 469; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 49; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 14ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 1996; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 321; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, Nos. 14, 21; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 36, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 342; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 207; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Prym-Socin 1881, No. 42, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 407, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: Nowak 1969, No. 407; Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 185, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 88; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 53; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. H58; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 29, 31; North African, Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 407, El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","Two thieves (architect and son, two sons of the architect) rob the king's treasury where a stone in the wall had intentionally been left loose [K315.1]. The entry-hole is discovered by a ruse [J1143]. The king sets a trap and captures one of the thieves [K730]. At his request, his companion cuts off his head so that his identity can be concealed [K407.1]. The thief's body is carried through the streets [J1142.4] in order to identify his relatives (and consequently him) by their reactions. The thief's mother is not able to bear her grief and asks her remaining son to bring the corpse home. He manages to steal the corpse by disguising himself and by getting the king's guards drunk [K332]. To identify the thief, the king allows all men to sleep with his daughter but orders her to ask each one about his most impious deed. If one tells her about the theft of the treasure, she is to seize him and hold him fast [K425]. When the thief visits the princess she marks his forehead [H58], whereupon he marks all the other suitors in the same way [K415] (he brings along his dead brother's arm, which is what the princess seizes). Impressed by the thief's cleverness, the king announces that he will give his daughter to him. The thief discloses his identity and is honoured as the most cunning Egyptian of all. Cf. Type 1525.","Documented in the 5th century B.C.E. by Eugammon of Cyrene in northern Africa, later in a more complex form see Herodotus (II,121�123).","This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 954, 1525, 1525A, 1525D, 1525E, and 1737."
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,951A,The King and the Robber,"BP III, 393f.; Basset 1924ff. II, 383 No. 110; Verfasserlexikon 4 (1983) 999�1002, 1019 (H. Beckers); EM 8 (1996) 167�171 (U. Marzolph); Dekker et al. 1997, 339�344.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 172�174; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 198; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 951B; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 951A, 951B; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, No. 11, II, Nos. 154, 172, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 951B; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 81, Levinsen/B�dker 1958, No. 34; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 571, Berger 2001, Nos. 951A, 951C; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 145; Hungarian: MNK, No. 951A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 131f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 40f., Nedo 1956, No. 80; Russian: SUS, Nos. 951A, 951B, cf. No. 951D*; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 951B; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 951A, 951B; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 344; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 5, Jason 1965, Nos. 951B, 951A*, Jason 1975, 1988a, No. 951B, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 951C, **951B*; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 951�953, 951A�C; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 51; Uighur: Kabirov/Schachmatov 1959, 45ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Paasonen/Siro 1939, No. 4; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 25; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 17, Soboleva 1984, No. 951B; Uzbek: Schewerdin 1959, 276ff., Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 358f., Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 31; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 556f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 951B, cf. No. 951A**; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 951A*, 951C; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 951C; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 142ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 951C; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 951C, Jason 1989; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 139ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 951A, 951C; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 951C; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 464, El-Shamy 2004, No. 951C; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 81, El-Shamy 2004, No. 951A*.","(Including the previous Types 951B, 951C, and 951A*). Cf. Types 950, 1525. This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) A ruler, roaming about incognito (during the night), meets some robbers [K1812.2]. They boast of their extraordinary abilities and qualities: One can open any door, one understands the language of dogs, and one recognizes any person he has seen once, etc. The king then states that he can save any person from the gallows. Together they rob the royal treasury. When the robbers are captured the next day, the king makes his statement come true. (Previously Types 951C and 951A*.) (2) A man (king, bishop, clergyman) is warned that he will die if he does not perform robberies. He does so, and meets a robber (often a man of honour, cf [3] below) from whom he learns that he himself would be murdered. They both exchange their identifying marks (caps, clothes) and meet again later. The leader of the conspirators is then forced to poison himself. His accomplices are punished and the robber is rewarded. (Previously Type 951B.) (3) A robber (soldier) can open any door with a certain magic object, but he only steals the profit that merchants have earned unjustly [K1812.2.1]. The king wonders about the robber's wealth, disguises himself, and joins him. While robbing the royal treasury the robber prevents the king from stealing (criticizes his greed). The next day the king discloses his identity and rewards the robber for his honesty. (Previously Type 951A.)","Variant (1) was documented in the 13th century by the Persian-speaking alloddin Rumi, Masnavi-ye ma� navi (VI,2816�2921). Variant (2) is traced back to the chivalric novel Karel ende Elegast (12./13.Jahrhundert). Variant (3) seems to be an independent popular version of an episode from Karel ende Elegast.",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,952,The King and the Soldier,"BP III, 450�455; Schwarzbaum 1968, 164, 221, 223, 228, 475; EM 8 (1996) 175�178 (H.-J. Uther); Dekker et al. 1997, 339�344; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 175, 176; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 199; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1921; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker 1964, No. 47; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 151, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 49; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999b, No. 150; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 199, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille I, 125, 305; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 29, 267, 268; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 36; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1997, No. 48; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 568ff., III, 470f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Simonides 1979, No. 158; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 238, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A retired soldier (executioner, merchant) meets a hunter (butcher, tailor) on his way (in the forest). Together they pass the night in a house of robbers but their hostess warns them of the danger. At night the robbers return home and take their meal. Enticed by the smell of food, the two companions leave their hiding place and join the robbers. The soldier makes the robbers drunk and paralyses them by magic (a spell) [D2072, K422]. He renders them harmless by his courage and by a ruse or he pours hot wine (oil, water) into their eyes (both guests are discovered by the robbers in their hiding-place; in a fight the courageous soldier kills all the robbers) [N884.1]. The other companion behaves more passively and anxiously. Back in town the stranger discloses his identity as king to the soldier. The soldier is richly rewarded for his efforts that saved the ruler's life [K1812.1].",NA,"361, 956B, 1610, and 1689A."
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,952*,A Sausage and a Revolver,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 177; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *952**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 90; German: Berger 2001, No. 952**; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I.","When attacked, a man (woman) scares robbers by aiming a sausage at them as if it were a revolver. Later he boasts of the event at an inn. The robbers hear this and plan to attack the man again. The innkeeper secretly lends the man a gun. When the robbers begin their second attack, the man shoots them.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,953,The Robber and his Sons (previously The Old Robber Relates Three Adventures),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 181�184; Hackman 1904; BP III, 369�378; Wesselski 1925, No. 29; Tubach 1969, No. 4505; Granger 1977, No. a.2.10; EM 10 (2002) 342�345 (H. Lox).","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, Nos. 5�7; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K527; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 331; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 953*; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 62�64; Spanish-American: TFSP 34 (1967) 103ff.","An old robber has to tell three of his most dangerous adventures to the queen (king) in order to free his three captured sons [R153.3.3, J1185]. The first is the legend of Odysseus and Polyphemus (cf. Type 1137), in which he represents himself as the hero (who overpowers ghost-like cats). The second tells how he saved a child who was to be slaughtered by its mother and cooked and devoured by an ogress. To fool the ogress he had to hang himself on gallows among other corpses and allow the ogress to cut pieces of flesh from his body [K527]. The third adventure is a continuation of the second and tells how he himself was nearly devoured by the ogress. In the end he restores the child (and its mother) to its father. Because of his good deed the queen frees his three sons and rewards him [Q53]. In some variants the rescued child turns out to be the queen's child.","Early version see Johannes de Alta Silva, Dolopathos (No. 6).",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,954,The Forty Thieves,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 83 No. 3; Pol�vka 1907; MacDonald 1910; BP III, 137�145; Halliday 1920; Littmann 1921ff. II, 791�859; Basset 1924ff. II, 302; HDM 2 (1934�1940) 481�483 (H. Honti); Baudisch 1950; Gerhardt 1963, 178�182; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Drory 1977; EM 1 (1977) 302�311 (K. Ranke); Uther 1981, 123�128; Walther 1987, 105�112; El-Shamy 1990; Scherf 1995 I, 78�80, 447�453, II, 1112f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 41�43; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999, No. 676; Grayson 2002, 65�67; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 353.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 129, 178, 181; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 676, 954*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 676, 954*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 676, 954, *954*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 676, II, No. 954; Lappish, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 676; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 676, 954; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 676; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 114; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, Nos. 676, 954; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 676; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 676, 954; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 676, IV 2, No. 954; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 676, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 676; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 676, IV, No. 954; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 676, 954; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 129, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 676; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 676, Kooi 2003, Nos. 48, 115; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 676, 954; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 676, 954; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Nos. 676, 954, Tomkowiak 1993, 253, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 142; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 36f.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 34, 72, 74, 85; Ladinian: Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 124; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 676, 954, Appari 1992, No. 38, De Simone 1994, No. 62; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 137 No. 20, Massignon 1963, Nos. 24, 77; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini, Nos. 676, 954; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 676, 954; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 676, IV, No. 954; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 5f., 36ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 43, 102, 143, 165, II, Nos. 473, 580; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 280ff.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 49; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 676, 954, Koceva 2002, Nos. 676, 954; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 14; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 52, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 676, 954; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 676; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 676; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 153 III, 179 III, 369 III; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 35, Jason 1965, 1975, Haboucha 1992, No. 676; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 676, 954; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 676, Sabitov 1989, No. 676; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 676; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 142, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 676, 954; Palestinian: Patai 1998, No. 15, El-Shamy 2004, No. 676; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 142, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 676, 954; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 41, El-Shamy 2004, No. 676; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 676, 954, Jason 1989, No. 676; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 676, 954; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 676; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, 163; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 26; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. N455.3; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 12; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 676; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 676, 954; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 676, 676**A, 676**B; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 676; Bolivian, Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 676; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 40; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Nos. 676, 954; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 1, 3; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 676, 954; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 676; East African, Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992, No. 676; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 60.","(Ali Baba). (Including the previous Type 676.) The tale consists of two parts: (1) A poor man (woodcutter) witnesses robbers entering into a mountain by pronouncing magic words like 'Open, sesame' [D1552.2]. He then tries the formula [N455.3], enters the mountain, and finds a huge amount of gold [F721.4, N512] which he takes home. (2) His greedy brother, who lends him money scales, discovers his secret when a piece of gold remains in the scale [N478]. The brother goes to the mountain, but he is dismembered by the robbers because he forgets the formula for opening the mountain [N471]. At the request of his sister-in-law, the woodcutter fetches his brother's corpse, tells a cobbler to mend it and buries it. The robbers plan to take revenge. With the cobbler's help they find the house of Ali Baba and mark it with a chalk circle, whereupon his maidservant (daughter) marks all other houses in the same way. The robber chief disguises himself as a merchant and asks the woodcutter for lodging for the night for himself and for his mules laden with jars (casks) of oil. When the maidservant goes to take some oil for her lamp, she realizes that only one jar is filled with oil, and that the robber's companions are hidden in the others [K312]. She heats the oil, pours it into the jars, and kills the robbers. The robber captain escapes and comes back in disguise (as a suitor). At dinner he asks for a meal without salt (in order not to be obliged to his host). Thereupon the maidservant becomes suspicious, recognizes the robber, and kills him. As her reward the woodcutter marries her to his son (nephew).",Popular as a proverbial phrase.,"613, 735, 950, 956B, and 1535."
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,955,The Robber Bridegroom [K1916],"BP I, 370�375; Wesselski 1931, 97; Scherf 1987, 233�238; Uther 1988a; Bottigheimer 1988; Scherf 1995 II, 837f., 890�892, 904�906, 963�965; Dekker et al. 1997, 312f.; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 100�102; EM 11,1 (2003) 348�353 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 179; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 67, 200; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 955*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1897a, No. 8; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. 955A�C, Briggs 1970f. A II, 375, 446ff., B II, 263ff., 353ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 51; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 3, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 40; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 58; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 14, 60, 85, 93, 173; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 113 No. 92; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 304ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 25; Slovene: Milinski 1911, 114ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 214ff., A II, 375ff., 390, MNK X 1; Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1916, Jason 1989; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 65, 66; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1175.","A robber (murderer, ogre) disguised as a rich man woos the daughter of a miller (princess) who agrees to marry him. The bridegroom asks his bride to pay him a visit in his castle in the forest. She sets out before the arranged time, marking the path with peas [R135] or ashes (the bridegroom has marked the way). When she reaches a house, animals (bird) warn her that it is a house of murderers and that she should go back (she gives food to watch dogs in order not to be betrayed). She finds corpses in the house. When she hears the robbers coming, she hides. Her bridegroom (the robbers) brings in a young woman, kills her, and cuts her into pieces. Her finger with a golden ring on it falls into her hiding place. The bride runs away at night and finds her way home safely (with the help of the marks on the path) where she reports to her family what she has seen. When the bridegroom comes to marry her, she recounts her adventure to her guests as a dream. As proof she shows the severed ring (finger) [H57.2.1]. The robbers are arrested and condemned or killed. (The house of the robbers is destroyed, their treasure is distributed, and the girl marries another man.) Cf. Type 311.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 956B, and also 311, 312, and 954."
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,955B*,The Woman among the Robbers,,"Latvian: �mits 1962ff. X, 530ff. nos. 2�9; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B II, 14ff., 18ff.; German: Berger 2001, No. 955B**; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. III, No. 452, SUS; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A woman, traveling with her children, loses her way and is taken in by robbers who feed her human flesh. They cook her baby in a boiler. She escapes, conceals herself along the way, and reports the crime to the authorities.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,956,The Hot Chamber in the House of Robbers (previously Robbers' Heads Cut off One by One as they Enter House),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 191 No. 5, V, 161ff. No. 85, VI, 171f. No. 329; Simonsuuri 1955.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 180; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 956A; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 956A; Danish: Kristensen 1898, No. 15; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B II, 16f., 274f.; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 307, A II, 375, B II, 274f., 370ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 956, 956A; Dutch: Janissen 1981, 93; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Cammann 1957, 227f.; Swiss: cf. Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 49; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. XIV, 41u; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 956, 956A; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 417; Serbian: cf. Pani-Surep 1964, No. 36; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 956A; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 956, 956A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 956, 956A; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 374 V; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 307, A II, 375; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 21, 74; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 402ff.; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 956A; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 956, 956A; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 956A.) A (fat) man (merchant, soldier, sailor, policeman) happens to enter a house of robbers. (He is confined in a hot chamber where human fat is melted). Many corpses are hanging there. When the robbers return home the man cuts off their heads one after the other [K912] and takes their treasures.",NA,"304, 311, 952, and 956B."
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,956B,The Clever Maiden Alone at Home Kills the Robbers,"BP I, 373�375; Anderson 1927ff. II, Nos. 36, 51; Rockwell 1984; Scherf 1995 I, 664�667, II, 807�809, 904�906; EM 8 (1996) 1391�1400 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); Dekker et al. 1997, 91f.; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 181; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 201; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 953*, 955*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Bondeson 1886, 167; Norwegian: cf. Christiansen 1958, No. 8025; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 77; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, No. K912; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 13, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 89; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 89, 171f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 43, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 321, Kooi 2003, Nos. 51, 117; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 20, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1977a, No. 14; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 119 No. 92; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 24, 68; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 301ff., 304ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 331; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 139ff.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 127; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 37, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 32b, 81; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 153, 369 (1�7); Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 107, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 457ff., MNK X 1; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 17; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 356; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 22, El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, cf. No. 17; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 25; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 222ff.; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 11; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1974, No. 151; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","A daughter (servant, three daughters) of a miller (farmer, merchant, innkeeper, ruler) stays alone in the house at night (tower in the sea, treasury of her father). When a crowd of (twelve) robbers enters the house through a window, she cuts their heads off one by one and pulls their bodies inside [K912]. The leader of the robbers is wounded but is able to escape. In revenge he comes back disguised as a nobleman, woos the girl [Q411.1], and leads her to his house in the forest. He discloses his identity by the scar that he got from the girl's attack and tells her to expect a cruel death. She escapes (with the help of the robber's mother, maidservant, boy), and hides herself in a tree (in the cargo of a carriage) where the robbers search in vain. Finally she reaches home safely. The robbers' house is found and the robbers are punished.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 955, and also 311, 312, 363, 954, and 1685."
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,956D,How a Young Woman Saves herself when she Discovers a Robber under her Bed,"Schmidt 1999; EM 11,1 (2003) 333�335 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 182; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 73, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 416, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 64; Maltese: Stumme 1904, No. 21, Ilg 1906 II, No. 80, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 154, 155; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 959; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 261; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 108, Haboucha 1992; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 505ff.; Syrian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. II, No. 112, Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Sheikh-Dilthey 1976, No. 82, Jason 1989; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 93, Robe 1973; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 97; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1400.","Miscellaneous Type. A robber lies under the bed of a young woman. Pretending not to have noticed him she speaks loudly while combing her hair at the open window, 'If I am married and my husband comes home drunk and seizes me by the hair, I shall cry, 'Help!'' People come to help the girl and the robber is captured [K551.5].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,956E*,The Young Woman's Revenge on the Robber,,"German: cf. Cammann 1967, No. 138; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 4; Russian: SUS; French-Canadian: Thomas 1983, 235ff.",The robber rapes and kidnaps a girl. She scalds him with boiling water; then he repents and dies.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958,The Shepherd Youth in the Robbers' Power,"BP II, 501; HDS (1961�63) 403; Grambo 1971; Wildhaber 1975; EM 6 (1990) 1029�1032 (A. Sch�fer); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1078.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 184, 185; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 958*, Loorits 1959, No. 199; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1896ff. IV, Nos. 1504�1507; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 289; Swiss: Niderberger 1978, 123ff., B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 357f., 876; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 771; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 10f., V, 226f.; Slovene: Milinski 1911, 48ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. II, No. 122; Ossetian: Benzel 1963, 110ff.; Azerbaijan: Marzolph 1984; Palestinian: Bauer 1926, 213f.; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K551.3; Chinese: Ting 1978; African American: cf. Burrison 1989, 145ff.","A shepherd (shepherd girl) is attacked by robbers (soldiers, inhabitants of a neighboring valley). The shepherd manages (by a trick) to play (sing, shout) a melody on his flute (milk funnel, horn). It is heard and understood by the inhabitants of the valley (his lover, sister, brother, parents). The villagers come to help and save the shepherd and his animals [K551.3].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958A*,The Thief Tied to a Tree,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 186; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Dutch: Volkskunde 18 (1906) 71f.; German: Berger 2001, No. 958A**; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978A1*.","Having caught a thief in the act of stealing a horse, a farmer ties him naked to a tree and leaves him at the mercy of gnats and ants [Q453.1]. After some time, having lost his way, the farmer finds shelter in the very same man's house. He is greatly alarmed. But much to his surprise, the man he has wronged, instead of taking vengeance upon him, entertains him generously. He even thanks him for the lesson he received, because it has cured him of the habit of stealing.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958C*,Robber in Shroud,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 187; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 966; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 254ff., cf. A II, 462; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 55; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 66; German: Cammann 1973, 381f.; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, No. 28; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, 11ff., 53ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. K311.1.","A stranger traveling with a coffin is taken in for the night by a stationmaster, who discovers that a (another) robber is hidden in the coffin [K311.1]. Help (summoned by telephone) arrives at the last minute.","Early versions see Girolamo Morlini (No. 20) and Straparola, Piacevoli notti (XIII,5).",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958D*,Robber Disguised as a Woman (previously Robber as Beggar),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 188; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 393f., B II, 183f., 254ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; German: Gy�rgyp�l-Eckert 1940, No. 94f.; Czech: Kl�mov� 1966, Nos. 30�32.",A strange woman asks for a night's lodging at a farm. A farmhand hides under her bed (in order to frighten her) and discovers that the stranger is not a woman but a robber in disguise. He kills him (and his accomplices). Cf. Type 958F*.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958E*,Deep Sleep Brought on by a Robber,"Tubach 1969, No. 4812.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 189, Jauhiainen 1998, No. D41; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 534ff.; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 43, II, No. 419, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 956B; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Roeck 1980, 118; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 98, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 16; Italian: Gonzenbach 1870 I, Nos. 10, 23; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 304A, 1598; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","A robber, disguised as a beggar, gets lodging for the night at a farmhouse. Using a candle made of human fat (hand of corpse), he tries to charm the household into deep sleep. One of the household who has not gone to sleep sees this and kills the robber. The rest of the family does not wake up until twenty-four hours later [K437.2].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958F*,Test of Sex: Catching an Apple,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, 384f.; BP II, 39f., 58, III, 236 not. 1; EM 1 (1977) 627; Dekker et al. 1997, 48�50.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973b, 80; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 958D*; Danish: Kristensen 1886f. II 1, 148, Kristensen 1891ff. V, 184; English: Baughman 1966, No. H1578.1.4.1, Briggs 1970f. A II, 393f.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 971*, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 148, 354, Kooi 2003, No. 56; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 958G*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 21; Flemish: Volkskunde 74 (1973) 306f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 895; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. H1578.1.4.1.","A robber disguised as a woman is recognized because, when an apple is thrown into his lap, he brings his legs together. He should have spread them apart to catch the apple in his skirt, as a woman would do [H1578.1.4.1]. Cf. Type 958D*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,958K*,Robber in the Car,"BP III, 236 not. 1; EM 1 (1977) 627; Brunvand 1981, 30�45; Dekker et al. 1997, 48�50.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973b, 80; Latvian: cf. Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *952**(IV); Swedish: Klintberg 1987, No. 62; Dutch: Burger 1993, 45f., 156; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 308; German: Fabula 1 (1958) 251, Cammann/Karasek 1976ff. II, 346f., Wehse 1983, 73, Brednich 1990, No. 4; Swiss: Guntern 1979, 214f., 217; Polish: Vildomec 1979, No. 220; Australian: Seal 2001, 158f., 160f.; US-American: Brunvand 1984, 52ff., Roberts 1988, No. 104, Brunvand 1993, 327; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 165.","A driver (woman) gives a ride to a woman (man) whom he meets on the road. During the journey the driver suddenly sees that the passenger's hands are hairy (that the passenger is a robber). The driver stops and pretends something is wrong with the car. He asks the passenger to get out and push. As soon as the passenger gets out, the driver goes off to tell the police. They find a murder weapon (stolen goods) in the passenger's bag.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,960,The Sun Brings All to Light,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 15; BP II, 531�535; Basset 1924ff. II, 381 No. 109; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 434; Noy 1962; Schwarzbaum 1968, 65, 185, 294, 456; Schwarzbaum 1980, 278; Marzolph 1992 II, Nos. 85, 1168; R�hrich/Meinel 1992, 40�47; EM 8 (1996) 332; Dekker et al. 1997, 432f.; Schmidt 1999; EM: Sonne bringt es an den Tag (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 190, Jauhiainen 1998, No. F216; Estonian: Aarne 1918, cf. Loorits 1959, No. 200; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: EU, Nos. 32696, 32860; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 497; French: Joisten 1971 II, No. 76; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 74, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 208, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Dinnissen 1993, No. 395; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Rehermann 1977, 299 nos. 39, 40, 341 No. 20, 345 No. 30, 468f. nos. 27, 28, 478 No. 49, 478f. No. 50, Tomkowiak 1993, 263, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 65, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 115, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 5; Swiss: Kuoni 1903, No. 358; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 182ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 72, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 128; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 327; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 141; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 58, 110, Noy 1965, No. 14, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: cf. Beke 1938, No. 21; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 245ff.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 960A; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 4; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. 780, 1645A, Marzolph 1994, 132ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 186; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 417ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 37, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 57, Laoust 1949, Nos. 104, 127; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1306.","A man (Jew, cattle dealer, girl) is held up and beaten by another man (tailor, coachman, innkeeper) and later dies. Just before dying he says, 'The clear sun (god, moon, wind) will bring everything to light.' The robber looks in vain for money in his pockets, dumps him behind a thicket, and continues his travels. In the next town the murderer marries and later has a family. One morning as he sits with his wife at the window, he pours coffee into his cup and sees how the sunbeams gleam in it and reflect patterns on the wall. He repeats the last words of the dying man [D1715]. His wife does not understand the meaning of his words and urges him to give an explanation. He finally tells her confidentially about the murder. His wife promises not to tell anyone. But she does not keep her promise and three days later the whole town knows what happened. The man is condemned [N271.1].","Popular proverb, see e.g. New Testament (Mark 4,22; Luke 8,17; 12,3).",780.
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,960A,The Cranes of Ibycus,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, 154; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 123f., VII, 146f. No. 425; Amalfi 1896; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 563f.; BP II, 532�535; Basset 1924ff. II, 381 No. 109; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 434; Tubach 1969, No. 2799; Marzolph 1992 I, 134; EM 8 (1996) 331�334 (C. Schmitt); Verfasserlexikon 11,1 (2000) 417f. (H.-J. Ziegeler); Adrados 1999ff. III, No. S. 135; Zago et al. 2001; Hansen 2002, 89�92; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 337.","Swedish: EU, No. 33868; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 577f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Peuckert 1961, No. 125, Rehermann 1977, 583, Moser-Rath 1984, 8, 16, 286, Uther 1990a, No. 48, Tomkowiak 1993, 264, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 79; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 399; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2799; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 431; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 85; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 181f.","A traveler becomes a victim of robbery at a remote place. Just before dying he calls on cranes (ravens, wild ducks, doves) passing by to bear witness to the crime. When the cranes pass by again, one of the murderers reveals himself without thinking (the cranes follow the murderer and point him out) [N271.3]. In some variants the murderer is exposed by partridges, geese, birds, dogs, thorns, a plant, a tree, the sun, a calf's head or by a (singing, bleeding) bone. Cf. Types 720, 780, 780B, 780C, and 960.","Classical origin: Plutarch, Moralia (509F�510A), Anthologia Palatina (VII,745).",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,960B,Late Revenge,"BP II, 535; Wesselski 1909, No. 76; Wesselski 1925, 27f., 199f.; Tubach 1969, No. 2939.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 191; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 343 No. 1.2.1.13; Swedish: EU, No. 33868; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 74, Cardigos (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2939; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 311; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 960B1.","A poor man (farmhand, boy) wants to marry a rich widow (mistress, daughter of a rich merchant). The woman favors him but does not like his poverty. In order to please her and to be able to marry her the young man murders a merchant and seizes his property. He presents himself as a rich man to the woman, who wants to know how he became rich in such a short time. When he (out of love) confesses the truth to her, she asks him to watch at the murdered man's grave for one night (as a condition for their marriage). He does so. In the middle of the night the dead man rises from his grave, and asks God for justice. Thereupon a (God's) voice comes from heaven saying, '30 (40, 50) years from today you will be avenged' [M348]. The young man reports his experience. Knowing that the revenge will take place only after 30 years, the woman agrees to marry him. At the appointed time the couple is invited to dinner in a castle and the prophecy is fulfilled. A minstrel who had left the festivity earlier (because he was forewarned), returns to the castle in order to fetch his forgotten glove (book, another object). He sees that the castle (together with all people) has sunk into the earth and only a well remains [Q552.2.1, Q211.0.1]. Cf. Type 780C.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 277).",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,960C,The Miracle of the Cooked Chicken,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 639�641; Frenken 1925, 110f., 146f., 219, 227; G�nter 1949, 187, 279f.; Fabula 1 (1958) 223f.; Tubach 1969, No. 1130; Meyer 1970; Alsheimer 1971, 155, 184f.; Kretzenbacher 1972; Malf�r 1972; Seeliger 1972; Fabula 16 (1975) 216; Gribl 1976f.; Kretzenbacher 1977b; EM 2 (1979) 684�688 (E. Wimmer); Moser 1981, 492�496; Pl�tz 1987.","Finnish: Rokala 1973, 118; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 265, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 767 A; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 136; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 24; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1130.","Two friends sit at the table to eat, with a chicken on a platter before them. They remark that the chicken cannot get up, not even if St. Peter or Christ commanded it to. The fowl comes to life, flaps its wings, and crows [E524.2.1]. In some variants someone is accused of having stolen a chicken and wants to defend himself from the accusation. The half-cooked chicken announces (in a song) who the real thief was, and the accused person is set free.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,960D,Toad on the Head of a Corpse (Murder with a nail),"Kooi 1987a, 133�140, 154�156; EM 8 (1996) 448.","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 234, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C761; German: Stahl 1821, 98f., K�nzig 1923, No. 298; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 926Q1*.","Encouraged by his mistress, a lover kills her husband (a smith) by putting a nail into his head as he sleeps [S115.2.1]. The wound is not noticed because it is covered by hair. (People suspect the mourning widow but do not find any proof.) After a long time (20 years) the bones of the dead man must be moved. A toad (frog) is found sitting on his skull, which rolls around. A grave-digger (policeman, sexton) discovers the nail. The wife, who had married in the meantime, is called before a judge (clergyman) and confesses (and is condemned to death).",Early version (with flies instead of toad) in Chinese sources (e.g. from the 4th century B.C.),NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,961,Conqueror of Robber Discovers his Money-stick,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 91; EM 5 (1987) 963�970 (H.-J. Uther).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, No. 597, Cardigos (forthcoming); Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 140ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Cahan 1931, No. 24.","Thinking that he has killed a robber in a struggle, a man takes the robber's stick (knife) and continues on his way. Disguised as a beggar he meets the robber who has recovered in the meantime. The robber looks at the man's stick inquisitively, whereupon the man becomes suspicious, examines his stick, and unexpectedly finds money inside it. In some variants the dead robber's companion appears instead and tries to get hold of the money hidden in the stick [K437.4].",NA,1577*.
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,961A,The Forgotten Cane,EM 5 (1987) 963�970 (H.-J. Uther).,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 951*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A man believes he has killed a robber in a struggle. During the fight the man loses his own cane. Many years later he finds his cane in the house of this robber (who has become an honest man in the meantime) [N614].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,961B,Money in the Stick,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 129; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 137; BP IV, 323, 389; Tubach 1969, Nos. 3352, 3469; EM 5 (1987) 963�970 (H.-J. Uther).","French: Blad� 1886 III, No. 7; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 75, Goldberg 1998, No. J1161.4; German: Zender 1966, No. 520, Rehermann 1977, 516f. No. 2, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VII, No. 2D�rr/27; Hansen 2002, 279�284, Tomkowiak 1993, 264; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 174; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 20; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 121a; Jason 1975; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 159ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A refugee entrusts his host with his money. When the refugee asks for the money back, the host denies that he has it. The refugee, hoping for justice, files a lawsuit. The clever host hollows out a walking stick and puts the money inside it. He gives the stick to the refugee to hold and, under oath, swears that he has returned the money. Enraged by this falsehood, the refugee throws the stick to the ground and it breaks. The money falls out and the trick is exposed. The refugee takes his money back and the cheater hangs himself [J1161.4].",Similar themes appear in Types 1590ff. and 1617.,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,962**,The Girl Who Played with the Bread,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 193, Jauhiainen 1998, No. F241; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 962*, Kohl-Larsen 1971, 109f.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; German: Deecke 1925, 216, Meyer 1925c, Nos. 14, 20, Selk 1961, No. 98, cf. Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 93; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 230.",A vain girl (boy) is given bread for her mother by her mistress on the way to the church. At a mud puddle (brook) she lays the bread in the water (on the ground) in order to step on it so that her fine shoes will not be spoiled. But when the girl steps on the bread it starts slowly sinking into the ground (it is transformed into a bird or a stone). When the people return from church they see only the top of the the girl's head and cannot save her.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,965*,Robbers' Alarm Bell,"Ranke 1978, 110�134; EM 3 (1981) 1155.","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 965**; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Flemish: Volkskunde 74 (1973) 306; German: Dittmaier 1950, No. 141, Hen�en 1951, No. 37, Rehermann 1977, 500 No. 1, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 66, Berger 2001, Nos. 955B**, 965*.","In order to know when travelers pass, a robber (robbers) has stretched a wire to which a bell is fastened across the road in front of his cave [K413]. The robber seizes the travelers, drags them into the cave, robs and kills them. A girl whom he had caught stays in his cave and keeps house for him. After seven years with the robber, the girl asks permission to go to church. She is allowed to go on condition that she will not talk to anyone about the robber or where she is living. After mass, the girl stands before the church door and tells her story in public to the door (wall, oven of the clergyman) [H13.2.4, H13.2.7]. She further explains that she intends to buy peas in order to mark the way to the cave. The clergyman and the village people follow the traces, encircle the cave, seize the robber, free the girl, and destroy the cave.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,967,The Man Saved by a Spider Web,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 66f.; Wesselski 1931, 42; Smirnov 1972; Speyer 1982; EM: Spinngewebe vor der H�hle (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rokala 1973, 114, Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 197; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 57; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 184; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 967*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 558f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 122, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Zender 1966, No. 460, Tomkowiak 1993, 264, Berger 2001; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 417; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4571*; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 328; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, No. 18; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 13; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. B523.1, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 349f.; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Dorson 1972, 438ff.; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 30.","A man (father and son, saint, Virgin Mary and Christ-Child, King Solomon) escapes from his pursuers and hides in a cave. A spider spins its web over the hiding place (and remains sitting in the middle). When the pursuers see the spider web they think the cave is unoccupied and do not enter it [B523.1]. Cf. Type 750E.","Early versions see Gregory of Tours, Passio septem dormientium (No. 103) and Legenda aurea (Felix in pincis).",NA
Religious Tales,Robbers And Murderers 950-969,NA,968,Miscellaneous Robber and Murder Stories,,"Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 963*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 967, 970; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. X, 530ff., Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. *955D*, *955E*, 956A*, 956B*, 963*, 968, *969*; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 58; Livonian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, No. 42, II, No. 75, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 956A*, 956B*; Swedish: EU, Nos. 31993, 32621, 32639, 32653, 32753, 33868; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 204; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 1�4, 37, 38, Espinosa 1988, Nos. 276, 277, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 956C, 966, 969; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 956C; Portuguese: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 58, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 956C, 969*A; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B II, 18ff.; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 200; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 963*; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 221, Kooi 2003, Nos. 52�54; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Cammann 1967, No. 134, Neumann 1971, No. 150; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *967A, *968A; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 249ff.; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 18, No. 50, Dolenec 1972, No. 18; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 953, 963*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *968A**�*968C**; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 356*, 954A, 956D, 977; Russian: SUS, No. 968A*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 968A*�968F*, 969*, 969A*� 969C*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 261; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 956C; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 969*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 968A**; Palestinian: Bauer 1926, 190ff., El-Shamy 2004, No. 956C; Spanish-American: TFSP 28 (1958) 118�120; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. *970.","(Including the previous Types 956C, 956A*'956D*, 963*, 967**, and 970*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with robbers and murderers as characters. In numerous tales robbers are cheated by the clever actions of a girl (other person): e.g. the girl seizes the beard of a robber concealed under bed [K434.1]; slams the lid of a (money-)chest on a robber when he looks into it [K434.3, S121]; blinds a robber and escapes by throwing magic objects; puts a corpse instead of herself in the robber's house. Sometimes the robbers escape when a girl enters their house (cf. Type 130) or mocks them. In some variants the robbers cheat a person in order to take their goods [K343.0.1], or someone simulates a robbery in order to get money.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1170,The Unsalable Woman (previously The Evil Woman in the Glass Case as Last Commodity),"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 196; BP III, 16; EM: Weib: B�ses W. als schlechte Ware (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 71, VI, No. 8; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 206, 217; Lappish: Lagercrantz 1957ff. II, No. 361; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: Bazanov/Alekseev 1964, No. 73; Iraqi: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. K216.1.","(Including the previous Type 1170A.) A man (merchant) comes to an agreement with the devil (ogre): If the man is able to sell all his goods, he is to belong to the devil. If anything is left as unsalable, he is to be free. The man puts an evil old woman in a glass case. Even the devil is convinced that no one wants to buy her. Thus the man goes free [K216.1]. In some variants, the devil loses the contest because he does not succeed in selling three women [H1153]. (Previously Type 1170A.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1171,A Rabbit in Each Net,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 23; BP III, 16 not. 1.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 74, 75, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E566; Syrjanian: cf. Belinovi/Plesovskij 1958, 125; Swedish: Liungman 1961; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 1171*.",A man saves his soul from the devil because the latter is not able to catch a rabbit in each of a hundred nets set in high trees [H1024.3].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1172,All Stones from the Stream or the Field,"HDS (1961�63) 705; EM 1 (1977) 968; Hansen 2002, 97�99.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 76; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, Nos. 299, 674; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1172A; German: cf. Zender 1966, No. 915; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 434f., 525f.; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 115, 836f., 871, cf. 263, III, cf. 56; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 1172*, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 748, 758f.","(Including the previous Type 1172*.) A man (woman) saves his soul from the devil because the latter is not able to gather all the stones from a stream (field) [H1124]; or because the devil is not able to count uncountable things like stars, grass, sands of sea, drops of water, etc. (previously Type 1172*).",NA,"325*, 1074, and 1183."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1173A,The Devil is to Fulfill Three Wishes,Oliverius 1971; EM 1 (1977) 968.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 77, 80; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 219; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1173*; Hungarian: cf. Ga�l 1970, No. 58; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 41.","A farmer asks the devil for all the tobacco in the world, all the brandy in the world and finally some more brandy in addition. The devil can fulfill the first two wishes but not the last one [K175]. Cf. Type 1925.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1174,Making a Rope of Sand,"Zachariae 1907; BP II, 513, III, 16 not. 1; Wesselski 1932; Schwarzbaum 1968, 234, 476; EM 1 (1977) 968; Anderson 2000, 103�105; Hansen 2002, 256f.; EM: Seil aus Sand (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 78, IV, No. 1; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 91; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3020, Christiansen 1964, No. 15; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 25; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B I, 81, 83, 116f., 134f.; French: Blad� 1886 I, No. 1; Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 61, Hen�en 1944, 162ff., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112, Berger 2001, No. 1174, cf. No. 1178***; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 23; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 209ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, Nos. 49, 50; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *891BI; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: cf. Zng 1952, No. 43; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 160; Japanese: cf. Seki 1963, No. 53; Filipino: Fansler 1921, 55ff.; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Scelles-Millie 1970, 108, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","A man saves his soul from the devil because the latter is not able to make a rope of sand (chaff) [H1021.1]. In some variants, a ruler demands a rope of sand (ashes) from one of his subjects (man, woman), who ' sometimes helped by good advice ' is able to perform the task. Cf. Type 1889E.","The task of making a rope of sand was a traditional �adynaton�, or impossibility, among the ancient Greeks. Known as proverbial phrase: You�re (he is) braiding a cord out of sand.","1175, 1176, 1180, 1882, and 1900."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1175,Straightening Curly Hair,"BP III, 16 not. 1; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 76, 79, 81; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 220, 223(3,5); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 43; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 208ff.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 111; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 384, Kooi 2003, Nos. 60, 61; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Lang 1916, 14ff., Hen�en 1935, No. 163, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 23; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, Nos. 45, 113; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 255 No. *198, Haiding 1965, No. 95; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, cf. 177ff., Sirov�tka 1980, No. 23; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 86; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 1 (1904) 168ff., Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 234; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 55; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1174; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 2; US-American: JAFL 39 (1926) 365, No. 57; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 383.","A man saves his soul from the devil by wishing for something impossible. The man's wife gives the devil one of her curly hairs and orders him to straighten it (forge it straight). The devil is unable to do this, and the man is free [H1023.4].",NA,"813A, 1180, and 1183."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1176,Catching a Man's Broken Wind,"Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 49; BP III, 16 not. 1; Basset 1924ff. I, 458 No. 157, 539 No. 225; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 76, 80; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1911, Hackman 1917f. II, Nos. 218, 221a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 1176, 1177*; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, Nos. 506, 507; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1176, 1177*; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 282, 283, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 58, 62; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 29; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 1176, 1177*, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, 1976; German: Debus 1951, No. B23, Jenssen 1963, 85f., Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 249a�c, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 77a; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Sirov�tka 1980, No. 23; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 26, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 7, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 54; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 74, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1177*; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1174; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Adygea: Dum�zil 1957, No. 10; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. I, 289ff., II, No. 24; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 73; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 171; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1177.",(Including the previous Types 1173 and 1177*.) A man (woman) saves his soul from the devil because the latter is not able to: (1) catch (make a knot of) his fart (breath) [H1023.13]; (2) make knots from drops of spilled brandy [H1021.4] (previously Type 1173); (3) catch a noise [H1023.12] (previously Type 1177*).,NA,"1174, 1175."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1177,The Devil and the Bees,,"Dutch: Volkskunde 8 (1895/96) 35; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 327C*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 327C*; German: cf. Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 93, cf. Ruppel/H�ger 1952, No. 151, Benzel 1991, 51f.","A poor weaver (servant of a miller) sells his soul to the devil for money [M211]. As agreed, after seven years the devil takes the weaver away in a sack. The devil leaves the sack outside when he stops at an inn. A beekeeper sets the weaver free and puts a beehive in the sack [K526]. When the devil gets to Hell and opens the sack, the bees fly out and sting him. After this, he does not want any weavers in hell [cf. X213].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1177**,Fetching the Woman's Grindstone,"BP III, 16 not. 1; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 1177*; Flemish: Joos 1889ff. I, No. 33; German: Berger 2001.",A man saves his soul from the devil because the latter is not able to fetch a woman's grindstone ' the woman needs it to sharpen her tongue [H1014].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1178,The Devil Outriddled,"BP III, 16 not. 1; Wesselski 1932; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 81, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E481; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 1178; Danish: Kristensen 1892f. II, No. 505; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1178*; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3020; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Nos. 813I*, 813II*; English: Baughman 1966, No. G303.16.19.3, Briggs 1970f. A I, 403f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 223, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1178*; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 74, cf. Nos. 67, 76, 77, Meyer 1925a, No. 73, Zender 1984, No. 78, Benzel 1991, 245f.; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 255 nos. 195, 196, Haiding 1969, No. 142, cf. No. 126; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 77c; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 184f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *1178A*; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 3020; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 86; Russian: SUS, No. 1178*; Byelorussian: cf. Ramana 1962, No. 66, SUS, No. 1178*; Jewish: Stephani 1998, No. 15; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. G303.16.19.3; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. I, 289ff.; US-American: cf. Burrison 1989, 200f.; Mexican: Robe 1973.","(Including the previous Type 1178*.) Miscellaneous type. A man (boy) promised to the devil saves himself by posing riddles or setting enigmatic tasks that the devil cannot solve or perform [G303.16.19.3]: The man asks the devil whether he will hold onto a hammer or let it fall, etc. He orders the devil to catch frogs and place them on a high tree or to shovel grain with a hay-fork without tines. Cf. Type 1229*. In some variants, the devil must unravel a net in a short time [H1094.1] or heal a woman's 'wound' by licking. (Previously Type 1178*.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1178**,The Devil at the Grindstone,EM 1 (1977) 968.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 11, 82, 83; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1911, No. 222, 1�4; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 193ff.; Spanish-American: TFSP 7 (1928) 130ff.",The devil is ordered to turn a grindstone until he gets tired.,NA,"1071, 1072."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1179,The Devil on the Ship (previously The Ogre on the Ship),"BP III, 16 not. 1; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 84; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 223; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1179, 1179*; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff., No. 91; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3020, Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 1179, 1179*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1179*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 33; German: Neumann 1973, No. 96, Hubrich-Messow 2000, Nos. 1179, 1179*; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 3020; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 70�72.",(Including the previous Type 1179*.) A man (sailor) saves his soul (himself) from the devil (ogre) because the latter does not accomplish a difficult task. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) The devil is unable to pump the whole sea out of a leaky ship [H1023.5]. (2) The devil is unable to hold a ship fast on its anchor chain. (Previously Type 1179*.),NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1180,Catching Water in a Sieve,"BP III, 16 not. 1, 338f., 476f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 101; Tubach 1969, No. 2135; EM 3 (1981) 267�270 (H.-J. Uther); Scherf 1995 I, 139�141, II, 1352�1354; Hansen 2002, 69�75.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 39, 81, 85; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 224; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Belinovi/Plesovskij 1958, 125f.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3020; Danish: cf. B�dker/H�llen 1966, 137f.; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 561f., B I, 66f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 267f., 445, 561f., B I, 66f.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 13, B�dker et al. 1963, 160ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Asmus/Knoop 1898, 25f., Peuckert 1932, No. 89, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 178, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 133; Italian: Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 78, Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 182f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 2135; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 55; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, Nos. 3652, 3653; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 3020; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Spies 1967, No. 20; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 167f., Mode 1983ff. II, No. 79; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 51; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 47; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. 327 II g, 425 B IV e; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. H1023.2, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: cf. Fansler 1965, No. 7b; US-American: Roberts 1958a, 1ff.; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 190ff. III, No. 172; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Nos. **1191A, **1191B; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 3.2.327B.","A man (woman, girl) saves his soul (herself) from the devil (ogre) because the latter is not able to catch water in a sieve [H1023.2]. Cf. Types 480, 1130.","This motif appears independently only in legends. An important structural motif of e.g. Types 313, 327B, 327C, 425, 440, 480, 720, 801, and 1130, it is related to the myth of the Danaides. Also popular as a proverbial phrase.","1175, 1183, and 1248."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1182,The Level Bushel,"BP III, 14, 364; HDM 2 (1934�40) 485f.; EM 1 (1977) 968; EM: Scheffel: Der gestrichene S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 86; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 94(2), II, No. 225; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 19, Kristensen 1892f. I, No. 458, Kristensen 1900, No. 49; French: Arnaudin 1966, No. 13; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 63; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 26; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 25, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 80; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 641 No. 110.","A poor man (farmer, student) is to come into the devil's power if at the end of a year (after ten years) he does not give back a level bushel of gold in return for a heaped one. The man at once hands back the level bushel and keeps the surplus [K223].",NA,"360, 361, 812, 821A, and 822*."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1182A,The Copper Coin,"BP III, 14, 364; HDM 2 (1934�40) 485f.; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 87; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 226; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 1182*.","The devil comes to an agreement with a man: He will give the man a copper coin, and whenever it is spent, a similar coin will appear in his pocket again. In return, the man will come into the devil's power when he is sixty years old. The man buys an expensive property and pays with copper coins, so that all the devils in hell are employed in coining them. When the man threatens to buy another property, the devil terminates the agreement [K183]. Cf. Type 745.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1183,Washing Black Wool White (previously Washing Black Cloth White: Task for Devil),"Roberts 1958b; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 15; HDM 2 (1934�40) 485f.; EM 1 (1977) 968.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: cf. Joisten 1971 I, Nos. 4.1�4.6; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Lang 1916, No. 3; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 113, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 159, 263, 545f., III, 749; Austrian: cf. Haiding 1965, No. 99; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 55 No. 44, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 525f.; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 53; Slovene: Matietov 1973, No. 11; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 17, 350ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 55; Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 172; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Nos. **1191A�**1191C.","A man (woman) saves his soul from the devil because the latter does not succeed in washing black wool (cloth, cattle) white [H1023.6]. Cf. Type 480.",NA,"1175, 1180."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1184,The Last Leaf,"BP III, 199f., 364; Krappe 1927, 154�157; Lixfeld 1971, 54�65; EM 8 (1996) 785�788 (R. W. Brednich).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, 152 No. 79; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 62; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Skattegraveren 3 (1885) 29 No. 40; French: Ten�ze/H�llen 1961, No. 13; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. IV, No. 451; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 148, Hubrich-Messow 2000, cf. Berger 2001, No. 1184A; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 258 nos. 209�211, Haiding 1965, No. 128; Hungarian: MNK V; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 184; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 325; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2490; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS.","This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) The devil creates goats which do so much damage that God finally orders the wolves to kill them. The devil asks for compensation, and God promises to give it when all the oaks have no leaves. When the leaves have fallen, the devil again claims his compensation, but God tells him that there is a big oak in Constantinople which still has its leaves. The devil searches for this tree for months. When he comes back, he sees that all the oaks are in leaf again. Boiling with rage, the devil puts out the goats' eyes and replaces them with his own eyes. (2) God and the devil argue about the division of power. God wants to rule during the time when the trees are in leaf, the devil at other times. A wren who witnesses this contract makes some of the trees to keep their withered leaves until spring comes, and the devil gives up. (3) The devil helps a man to perform a task (by giving him money). In return, the man is to come into the devil's power when the last leaf falls from the (oak) tree. It never falls [K222]. (The devil angrily slashes the leaves.) Cf. Type 1188.",Version (1) is documented in the 16th century; version (3) in the 19th/20th century mainly in central and northern Europe.,"1030, 1036."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1185,The First Crop,"BP III, 364; EM 3 (1981) 1118�1120 (H.-J. Uther).","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 588; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 88, B II, 203; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 2003, Nos. 272, 283; German: Bockem�hl 1930, 125f., Hen�en 1935, No. 98, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 26; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4938.","A man has to pay the devil when he harvests his first crop. He plants acorns [K221]. In some variants, monks argue with a noble family about a piece of land.The noblemen lose in court, but claim a last sowing and harvest. They plant acorns [K170].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1185*,When Pigs Walk,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.",A debt must be repaid to the devil when pigs walk home. But they always run [K226].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1186,The Devil and the Lawyer (previously With his Whole Heart),"Wesselski 1909, No. 36; Taylor 1921a; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 81; R�hrich 1962f. II, 251�278, 460�472; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1574, 2204; EM 1 (1977) 118�123 (L. R�hrich); N� Dhuibhne 1980f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 88�90.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 88; Estonian: cf. Loorits 1959, No. 173; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *813E, Ambainis 1979, No. 99; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 898, Skattegraveren 2 (1884) 105f., Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 67; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Joisten 1971 I, No. 69.1; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 121f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 157, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 47, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 18, Berger 2001; Swiss: cf. Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 41; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 90 No. 70; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 189, MNK V; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 48f.; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3327; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Spanish-American: TFSP 29 (1959) 142f.","The devil and a lawyer (judge, bailiff, inspector, etc.) go for a walk. Three (two) times, they meet various persons: e.g. a butcher who wishes the devil will take a pig away, then a farmer who wishes the same for his horse (ox), then a woman who wishes her child be sent to hell. Each time, the lawyer urges the devil to seize the opportunity, but he refuses because the wish was not in earnest. Finally they meet a poor widow (farmer, farmhand) who curses the lawyer for fraud with such intensity that the devil carries him off to hell [M215].","The earliest examples are a German verse tale by Stricker (Der Pfaffe Am�s) and a Latin example by Caesarius of Heisterbach, Libri miraculorum VIII (II,17).",NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1187,Meleager,"Brednich 1963; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 93; Schwarzbaum 1980, 276; EM 9 (1999) 547�551 (R. W. Brednich); Grossardt 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 89, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E532; Scottish, Welsh: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 295f., A II, 186ff., B I, 45, 53, 68ff., 76f.; French: Delarue/T�neze 1964ff. II, No. 332 IIIB; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, 1976; German: Zender 1966, Nos. 873, 877, Moser-Rath 1984, 6, 52ff., 57, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 27, cf. No. 29; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 146ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. B I, 45; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 73; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 25; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A man (knight, captain, woman) is helped by the devil and in return cedes him his soul. When the devil comes to get it at the appointed time, the man asks for a delay until a short candle burns out [E765.1.1, K551.9]. The devil agrees. Thereupon the man blows out the candle (eats up the candle) and is free. Cf. Type 332.","This type has a strong connection to the myth of Meleager in Homer, Iliad (IX,529�599) and can be found in Ovid�s Metamorphoses (VIII,385�414).",NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1187*,Unfinished Work,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 462.","Swedish: NM, HA Sagor; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 810A*; Dutch: Vogelschor 1941, No. 2; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VIII, No. 2Met/232, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 28, 29, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Swiss: cf. Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 61; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Byelorussian: SUS.","A man is to belong to the devil after he has finishes a certain task, e.g. putting on two boots, counting to three, hitting the devil three times. He never finishes the task and thus saves himself. In some variants, despite his tricks, the man does not win. Cf. Type 1199.",NA,810A*.
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1188,Come Tomorrow,EM 8 (1996) 95�97 (H. Stein).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, No. 90; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: RTP 2 (1887) 296; Hungarian: MNK V; Bulgarian: cf. BFP; Ukrainian: endej 1959, No. 101; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","An old woman (man, smith, farmer) bargains with the devil (death, creditor who claims his money). Finally she persuades him to come tomorrow, and, in order to be sure, the devil writes the word 'tomorrow' on her door. Each time the devil comes for her, the woman shows him the inscription, and the devil goes away. After some days, the devil erases the inscription and threatens to get the woman the next day. The frightened woman hides first in a barrel full of honey and then in a feather-bed. When the devil comes, he is frightened by the strange creature covered with feathers, and flees. Cf. Type 1091. In a Russian version, the devil sets out one day and is tricked by the inscription 'come yesterday'. In some variants, the devil comes every day until the gate with the inscription rots. He then claims the soul [K231.12.1].",Documented in the 19th/20th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1190*,The Man Thought Hanged,,"Estonian: Aarne 1918; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 215; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 192; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998.","A man promises himself to the devil in exchange for money. To save his soul, he stuffs his clothes with straw and hangs them up. The devil thinks the man has hanged himself and is satisfied [K215].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1191,Sacrifice on the Bridge (previously The Dog on the Bridge),"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 507, II, No. 733d; Tubach 1969, No. 3289; EM 1 (1977) 1393�1397 (I. Talo); EM 2 (1979) 838�842 (E. Moser-Rath); EM 7 (1993) 559�561 (L. R�hrich); Hansen 2002, 114�117.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 64, 91; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 123 No. 48; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1973, Nos. 32c, 35, 37; Swedish: Bergvall/Nyman et al. 1991, No. 60; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 345; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Trevelyan 1909, 153, Davies 1911, 179; English: Briggs 1970f. B I, 52, 60f., 88f.; French: RTP 6 (1891) 279�287, 404, 409�412, Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 38, Arnaudin 1966, No. 12; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. J1169.4, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 105 No. 852; Flemish: Meyer/Sinninghe 1976, cf. Top 1982, No. 81; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Berger 2001; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, 80, Grimm DS/Kindermann-Bieri 1993, No. 26; Austrian: Alpenburg 1857, No. 19, Depiny 1932, 252f. nos. 180�186, 254 No. 191, cf. Haiding 1965, No. 180; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Bihari 1980, No. J II 2/A; Slovene: �a�el/Ramov� 1936, 32, Kropej 2003, No. 21; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Sorbian: cf. Schulenburg 1880, 187; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 812; US-American: Dorson 1946, 55.","A master builder is not able to finish a bridge or church (within a fixed time) and asks the devil (ogre) for help. The devil demands in return the first being that crosses the bridge (comes into the church). The master builder drives an animal (e.g. dog, wolf, cat, rooster, pig, goat) across the bridge (into the church), so the devil is cheated out of his human soul [S241.1]. Because its central element corresponds to Type 1191, the following version is included here: A king vows to sacrifice the first thing he meets, which turns out to be a miller driving a donkey. When the miller is about to be killed, he pleads that the donkey was in front of him. The donkey is beheaded [J1169.4].","Cf. the Jephtha motif in the Old Testament (Judges XI,30�40).",NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1192,The First Bundle,Kooi 1987b.,"Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 1176*, Kooi 2003, No. 65; Flemish: Wolf 1843, No. 458; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1191B*, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 28; German: Bodens 1937, 87f., Hen�en 1963, No. 15; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. K219.9*.","A young woman wants to marry anyone, even if it is the devil. A man [G303.3.1] (mannikin [G303.3.1.6 ]) appears and agrees to marry her (to help her) but demands that she pays him with the first thing she ties up in the morning. Instead of her clothes she ties up (on someone's advice) a sheaf.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1199,Prayer Without End (previously The Lord's Prayer),"BP I, 381, 404�407, II, 163�165; Wesselski 1925, 213; Schwarzbaum 1968, 108, 110, 111, 291, 292, 462; EM 5 (1987) 801�803 (R. W. Brednich); Scherf 1995 I, 729�731; Hansen 2002, 243�246.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 2, 95; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 1199, 1199B; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 78; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 33, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. V (forthcoming); Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 23, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1199B; German: Wolf 1851, 365ff., Berger 2001, No. 1193*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK V; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 270; Bulgarian: cf. Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 219ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 1199B; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II; Russian: SUS, No. 1199B; Ukrainian: Javorski 1915, No. 13, SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963b, No. 8, Jason 1965, 1975; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 107; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, Nos. 45, 75; Kazakh: Wunderblume 1958, 413ff.; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1199B; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1199; Indian: Jason 1989; US-American: Baughman 1966; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 437ff.; Argentine: cf. Hansen 1957, No. **1191C; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 404 No. 113.","(Including the previous Types 1193* and 1199B.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Death (angel of death, devil) goes to take a man who begs for a delay long enough to offer a last prayer. The man does not finish the prayer, so death cannot take him. After a while, death causes the man to finish his prayer (having grown very old, the man decides to finish the prayer and die) [K551.1]. Cf. Types 122A, 227, 332, 955, 1187, 1187*. (2) Death (devil) cannot take a man (woman) as long as he (she) sings a hymn (previously Type 1193*) or a song that never ends (previously Type 1199B) [K555.2, K555.2.2]. Cf. Type 1082A.",NA,"332, 1030."
Religious Tales,Souls Saved From The Devil 1170-1199,NA,1199A,Preparation of Bread,"BP I, 222, 331; Kri� 1933, 87f.; Abry/Joisten 2003, EM 11,1 (2003) 93�96 (S. Schott).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. III, Nos. 43, 96, 97, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E1015; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 110; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Hylt�n-Cavallius/Stephens 1844, No. 12; Norwegian: Stroebe 1915 II, No. 42; Basque: Irigaray 1957, No. 38; Catalan: cf. Neugaard 1993, No. K551.1.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 84, Hubrich-Messow 2000; Austrian: Alpenburg 1857, No. 9; Hungarian: MNK V, D�m�t�r 2001, 289, 292; Macedonian: cf. Miliopoulos 1955, 59f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 1199I*; Bulgarian: BFP; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 89f.; Ukrainian: Mykytiuk 1979, No. 228; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mordvinian: Paasonen/Ravila 1938ff. III, 282ff.; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A woman (women, man) can save herself from the devil (demon, dead persons, bear) by describing in detail how bread (flax) is prepared (what it suffers during preparation). When finally a rooster crows (the sun rises), the devil has to disappear (is transformed into a trunk or stone) [G303.17.1.1]. In some variants, the bread (flax) itself tells about its sufferings and urges the devil to endure the same. The devil flees [K555.1.1, K555.1.2].",Documented in the late 17th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,930,The Prophecy,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 145ff. No. 145C; BP I, 276�293; Aarne 1916, esp. 115�190; Tille 1919; Basset 1924ff. II, 368 No. 102, III, 41, No. 29; Wesselski 1925, 79�87; Schick 1932; Brednich 1964a, 57�68; Schwarzbaum 1968, 6, 273f., 442; L�thi 1969a, 70�84; Tubach 1969, No. 647; Schwarzbaum 1980, 274f.; EM 5 (1987) 662�671 (C. Shojaei Kawan); EM 6 (1990) 343�348; Dekker et al. 1997, 112�115; R�th 1998; EM: Uriasbrief (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 155; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 188; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 16; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 41; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 930, 930�949; Welsh: Thomas 1907, 229; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1355, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 303, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, No. 461, III, No. 930, Rehermann 1977, 142f., 411f. No. 8, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 486, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 29; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, Nos. 17, 29; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 137, 170; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 930, 930�949; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 14; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 69; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 160f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 647; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 83; Slovene: Me�ko 1922, 80ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 131�133; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 289; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 33; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 46, cf. Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *930B1; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 94; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 125, 126, 128, 214 III, IV; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 97, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1983, No. 243; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, Nos. 34, 35; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 264, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 13; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zng 1952, No. 56; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 46, II, No. 136; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 23; US-American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 70; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 66; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type contains various tales dealing with a poor boy for whom future greatness [M312] or a marriage to a rich girl [M312.1] is foretold. A rich man (king, merchant, landlord) learns of the prophecy (he dreams) that a poor boy will become his son-in-law (heir). Therefore he tries to kill the boy by various plots (exposure). Finally the boy has to deliver a letter that orders his own death [K978]. The letter is exchanged (modified) by a helper [K511], so that the boy is married to the daughter of his adversary and shares in his rank and wealth [K1355]. Cf. Types 461, 910K, and 1525Z*.","In the numerous variants of Type 930 combined with 910K,, a clear distinction of the types is problematic and several variants are referred to both types. Nevertheless the Types 910K and 930 are separate types (see EM 5, 663).","This type is often combined with one or more other types, esp. 461, 910K."
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,930*,Fate Foretold as Punishment,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 273.","Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. II, No. 112, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Greek: Laogr�phia 2 (1910) 589f.; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 376ff.","A man invites God to his house, but mistreats an old beggar who comes to ask for a night's lodging [K1811.1]. At night he hears the birds talk to the old man and as punishment learns his future. Cf. Types 671D*, 751A*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,930A,The Predestined Wife [T22,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 35f. No. 206, VIII, 104f. No. 80; BP I, 288; Aarne 1916, 110�194; Basset 1924ff. II, 207 No. 3; Taylor 1959; Brednich 1964a, 68�77; Schwarzbaum 1968, 274f.; Shenhar 1983; EM 5 (1987) 207�211 (R. W. Brednich); R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 307.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 156, 157; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 189; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 930A, 930D; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 930A, 930D; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 930*; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Boberg 1966, Nos. H51, N101, R131, S143; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 40; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 236ff., 497, B II, 240f.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 930A, 930D; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, Nos. 125, 164, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 930A, 930D, 930*E; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 930A; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini, No. 930B; Czech: Grohmann 1863, 5ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 466; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 166; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 130; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 170ff., Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, No. 35, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 930A, 930B, 930D; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 124, 126, 128, 137, 140; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 98, Noy 1965, Nos. 43, 56, Jason 1965, Nos. 930*E�930*K, Jason 1975, Nos. 930*E�930*K, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 930A, 930*E, 930*J, 930*K, **930E; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 225; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 930B; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, No. 930C; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 930A, 930B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 1; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 164ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 930, 930B; Tunisian: Stumme 1893, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 930, 930B; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 930B; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004.","2]. (Including the previous Types 930B'930D.) A respected man learns by a predicition that a very young (newborn) girl will be his future wife [M359.2, M312.1.1]. Not willing to marry the ugly child, he tries to kill her [M370] by stabbing her [S115], by piercing her forehead with a needle [S115.2], or by adopting her in order to expose her afterwards [M371, S143]. The girl survives [R131], grows up, becomes very beautiful [D1860], and is married to the man. After the wedding he discovers the scar [H51] (needle) and learns from his wife's life-history that the prediction has been fulfilled despite his actions [N101]. In various regions different forms of the tale have originated (previously Types 930B'930D): Northern cycle (Danish, Swedish, Estonian, Irish and Icelandic variants): A man witnesses the prediction of his future, tries to kill the girl in various ways by exposing her in water, by nailing her by her hands to a tree, or by sending her out with a letter that orders her death. The girls survives, marries the man, and is finally recognized by her scars as the predestined wife. Southern cycle with a wide regional dispersion (Greek, Slovene, English, Scottish, Irish, Estonian, Spanish and Brazilian variants): The marriage of the fated child is combined with the further condition: A ring that had been thrown into the water has to be found again. The ring is finally located in a fish's belly [N211.1]. Cf. Type 736A.",Early literary treatments from the 9th/10th century by Li Fu-yen and Wang Jen-y�.,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,931,Oedipus,"Constans 1881; Lessa 1961, 172�214; Schreiner 1964; Brednich 1964a, 42�46, cf. 46�54; Mitchell 1968; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2846, 2879; Halpert 1982, 30; Edmunds/Dundes 1984; Puchner/Siegmund 1984; Edmunds 1985; Knox 1985; Marr 1986; EM 6 (1990) 75; Scherf 1995 I, 330�333, II, 831�834; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 209�219 (W. Puchner); Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 435�437 (M. Kern).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 158; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 55; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. M343; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Goldberg 1998, No. S354; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 174, 175, Coelho 1985, No. 32, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 931, 931*A; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 129 No. 1; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 166f., Dvo�k 1978, Nos. 2846, 2879; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 278; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 306; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 253ff., 506ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 62, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 142; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 101, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 272, 286, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 272; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 50; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 238; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 931*A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. *983; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A prophecy (dream) foretells that a certain newborn child will kill his father [M343] and marry his mother [M344]. In order to avoid this fate, the child (Oedipus) is exposed [M371.2]. The boy is rescued and reared by shepherds [R131] (he grows up at a strange king's court [S354]). There he unwittingly kills his father [N323] (who was employed as a gardener) whom he did not recognize. Upon the king's advice he marries the wife of the dead man and learns later that she is his own mother [T412].","Classical origin: Homer, Odyssey (XI,271�281), Sophocles, Oedipus Rex. All of the variants classified under Type 931 contain general prophesies of fate. Beside exposure, parricide (cf. Type 931A) and mother-incest, brother- and sister-incest, playmate-dispute and fratricide occur in various combinations. It should be noted that not Oedipus� particular deeds but rather the inescapability and the fulfillment of the prophecy are the primary criteria for a tale�s classification as Type 931.",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,931A,Parricide,"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 14; Frey/Bolte 1896, 280; Huet 1913; Wesselski 1936, 58; Bunker 1944; Gaiffier 1945; G�nter 1949, 53�55, 119, 186; Brednich 1964b; Dorn 1967, 84�86, 97 not. 1; Schenda 1970, 383�386; Moser 1977, 49f., 62, 70, 73f., 90; Swan 1977; EM 3 (1981) 1372�1379 (W. Williams-Krapp); Moser 1981, 342f., 356; Frenzel 1988, 368�371; Giacobello 1997.","Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, No. 53; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 171, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 755B, 931*A; Dutch: Wolf 1843, No. 149; German: Br�ckner 1974, 478 No. 490, 728.","This miscellaneous Type comprises various tales (with legendary traits) dealing with a person who kills his father (parents). Examples: (1) A father reproaches his son for his dissolute life, and the son kills him. A saint protects the sinner from despair and leads him to repent and do penance for his crime. (2) It is prophesied that a certain child (Judas) will bring great sorrow to humanity. The child is exposed but is adopted and raised by a childless queen. When she gives birth, the adopted child murders her child and flees to Jerusalem. When he steals apples in a garden he is caught there by the owner. He kills the owner and marries his widow, who is (although he does not know this) his own mother. (3) It is prophesied that a certain young man (Julianus Hospitator) will murder his parents. He flees in order to avoid this, and marries. His parents search for him and come to his house, where his wife invites them to rest in their marriage bed. When the son arrives home and sees two people in his bed, he thinks his wife is unfaithful to him and kills both of his parents. When he learns what he has done, he repents and does penance. His sin is forgiven. Or, a young man kills his parents (father only) because a false adviser has lied to him, saying that his wife is an adulteress. (4) After his wife dies, a lord falls in love with his own daughter. She gives birth to a son (Albanus), who is exposed. He is rescued and raised by a childless king. When the boy grows up, he becomes king himself. His natural father hears about this young king and marries his daughter to him. Before the adoptive father dies, he tells the young man what he knows about his origins. The young man's wife realizes that she has married her own son. After the king dies, the three others go to the bishop and confess their sins. They are required to do penance for seven years. On their way home, they spend the night in a forest, and the father and daughter renew their incestuous relationship. Albanus discovers this and kills them both. He becomes a hermit, is killed, and later becomes a saint. (5) A drunken man spends the last of his money. The devil promises to make him rich if he will murder his own parents, but the man refuses. The devil gives him money anyway, and tells him to restrict his binges of drunkenness to one day each week. The man disobeys, gets drunk every day, and murders his parents [Q211.1, S22]","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacobus de Voragine, Legenda aurea (Julianus Hospitator), Gesta Romanorum (No. 18).",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,933,Gregory on the Stone,"K�hler 1896, 173, No. 85; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 173�184; BP I, 324; Brednich 1964a, 54�56; Schwarzbaum 1968, 28f., 445; Tubach 1969, Nos. 2375, 2728; Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 244�248 (V. Mertens); Plate 1986; M�lk 1987; Frenzel 1988, 259�261; EM 6 (1990) 125�132 (U. M�lk); R�cke 2002.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, 361; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, Nos. 280, 378, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hen�en 1959, No. 55; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 129 No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 396f.; Slovene: Ljubi 1944, 63ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Robe 1973.","The son of an incestuous union [T415] is abandoned [S312.1]. His mother adds ivory tablets that describe the circumstances of his birth. The boy is saved [R131.14], baptized by the abbot Gregorius who gives him his own name, and grows up in the monastery. At the age of 15, the child Gregorius learns about his mysterious origins and leaves in order to find his real parents. Unwittingly Gregorius reaches his native country where his unmarried mother rules. When he saves her from a neighboring ruler's unwelcome advances, she agrees to marry Gregorius. He has no idea that she is his mother. When she finds the tablets with the history of his origins she discloses her identity. In order to expiate the unwitting incest, she lives a pious life. Gregorius undertakes a pilgrimage as penance. At his request a fisherman fetters his ankles with chains to a rock in the sea [Q541.3] and throws the key into the water [Q544]. Seventeen years later Gregorius is chosen by an angel as successor of the deceased pope. Messengers from Rome look for Gregorius and arrive at the fisherman's hut. In a fish prepared for the guests, the key for his chains is found (cf. Type 736). Gregorius is elected pope, and when he enters Rome healing miracles take place. His mother makes a pilgrimage to Rome in order to confess her sins to the pope. They recognize each other [H151.3]. She enters a convent. After their death both gain spiritual salvation (Gregorius is worshiped as saint).","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 81).",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934,Tales of the Predestined Death (previously The Prince and the Storm),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VII, No. 186; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 253 No. 150, VIII, 87 No. 57, 104f. No. 80; Wesselski 1909, No. 77; BP IV, 116; Taylor 1921f.; Basset 1924ff. II, 207, No. 3, 328 No. 77; Jackson 1940; Brednich 1964a, 78�148; Schwarzbaum 1968, 260f., 275, 279, 292, 448; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1475, 3070; Schwarzbaum 1974; Schwarzbaum 1979, 351, 355 not. 38; Moser 1980, 156f.; Fabula 22 (1981) 23; R�th 1998; Hansen 2002, 431�435; EM: Todesprophezeiungen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 159, Jauhiainen 1998, No. A711; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 66; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 94, 932*, Loorits 1959, No. 196; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 937; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. X, Nos. 6�8, 14, XIII, No. 13, Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 934, 934B*, *934E***, *934F*, *934G*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 934, 934A, 934B*, 934D*; Lydian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 934A; Swedish: Liungman 1949ff. I, 103ff., Schier 1974, No. 3; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 934E; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Nos. 499*, 728*, Naumann/Naumann 1923, No. 21, B�dker et al. 1963, 56ff., Boberg 1966, Nos. M301.12, M341.2, M341.2.10, Schier 1983, No. 19, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 97; Irish: M�ller-Lisowski 1923, No. 4, B�aloideas 21 (1951/52) 313f. No. 37, � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 333*, 934, 934C*; English: Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 70, Briggs 1970f. A I, 454f., B II, 30, 294f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, No. 934A; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 144, Chevalier 1983, No. 70, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 934, 934A, 934B, Goldberg 1998, No. M341.2.4; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 288, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 934, 934E**; Dutch: Poortinga 1977, No. 16; German: Lemke 1884ff. II, 88 No. 12, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 311, Berger 2001, Nos. 934, XVII B 3�5; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 308f., 311; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 934, 934A, 934E*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *934F, *934G; Hungarian: MNK IV, Nos. 934, 934A, D�m�t�r 1992, Nos. 175, 259; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 396f., 422, Dvo�k 1978, No. 1482*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 175; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 168; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 86, 87, Karadi 1937, No. 51, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 134, 135; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, Nos. 2, 10, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 52, 53; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 122; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 35, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 299�304, 307�309; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 932*, B�rlea 1966, I, 544ff., III, 412f.; Bulgarian: Arnaudov 1905, No. 35, Ognjanowa 1987, No. 34, BFP, Nos. 934A, 934A1, 934A**, *934A1, *934A2,*934A2, *934A3, *934A4, 934B, *934B1, *934B1, *934B2, *934D2, 934E*; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 94, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 32; Greek: Laogr�phia 10 (1929) 488�490, 498�579, 11 (1934/37) 270f., 21 (1963/64) 491ff., Karlinger 1960, No. 4, Klaar 1977, 111ff., Diller 1982, Nos. 26, 56, 61, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 934A, 934D*, 934E*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 149, 341, 412, 932, 932A, 948; Russian: Trautmann 1931, 24, 243, SUS, No. 934A, 934B*, 934D**, 934D***; Byelorussian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 65, SUS, Nos. 934, 934A, 934B*, 934B**; Ukrainian: Die Sonnenrose 1970, 174ff., Mykytiuk 1979, No. 24, SUS, Nos. 934, 934A, 934B*, 934B**, 934D***, 934F*, 934F**, 934F***; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 196; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 9, Noy 1963a, Nos. 43, 71, 98, Noy 1963b, No. 13, Jason 1965, Nos. 934, 934E, 934B*, 934*G, Jason 1975, Nos. 934, 934B�*A, 934*G, Jason 1988a, 934*G, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 199, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 934A, 934*A, 934*F, **934F, 934*H; Gypsy: Tillhagen 1948, 115ff., Mode 1983ff. III, No. 166, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Dawkins 1950, 286f.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 70; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 44; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 204; Uzbek: cf. Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 12; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 934B*, 934B**, 934F**; Mingril: Bleichsteiner 1919, 189ff., No. 10; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, No. 934B; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 934A, 934A*; Oman, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 934A; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, Nos. 43, 56, Marzolph 1984, Nos. 934A1, 934B, Marzolph 1994, 25ff.; Pakistani: Rassool 1964, 172ff.; Indian: Hahn 1906, No. 32, McCulloch 1912, No. 1, Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. M341.2.10, M341.2.21, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 934, 934B, Beck et al. 1987, No. 9, Jason 1989, Nos. 934B, 934B�*A, 934*G; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 78; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, Nos. 2, 39; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 28, Ting 1978, Nos. 934A, 934A2; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 934A, 934B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 934A; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1981, No. 23; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. VIII, No. 6; US-American: Hoffmann 1973, No. 934E***; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 934A*2, Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 36; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. **934, **937; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, No. 51; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 934, 934A, 934A1; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 934A*; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. II/III, Nos. 152, 427, 1300; East African: Reinisch 1881ff. II, Nos. 2, 3, 11.","(Including the previous Types 934A, 934A1, 934B, 934E, 934A*, 934A**, 934B*'E*, 934E**, 937*, and 937A*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with the prediction of a person's death. Examples: The time and manner of the future death [M341.1, M341.1.4] of a newborn child (adult) is forecast by norns [M301.12] (nurse, judge, etc. ; in dream). The parents of the child overhear the prophecy (they learn it from another person). Different manners of death are predicted: Death by natural forces (storm [M341.2.2], thunderstorm, falling tree), by an animal (wolf [M341.2.6], tiger, snake [M341.2.21], horse), by drowning [M341.2.3], when drinking water, when shearing sheep, by poisoning, on the wedding day [M341.1.1], by hanging [M341.2.21]. The three-fold death of a person caused by e.g. starving, burning and drowning [F901.1, F901.1.1, M341.2.4] is prophecied. Various precautions are taken in order to evade fate [M370] (the person is immured in a wall, isolated, hidden in a tower [M372]). Nevertheless the prophecy is fulfilled [M341.2, M370.1]. In some variants the predestined fate is averted (by a helper, stepmother, eagle, ruse). Cf. Types 506*, 899, 934D1.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934A**,See Type 934,NA,NA,See Type 934,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934C,Death Forestalls Evil Fates,"BP III, 472�474; Denecke 1958; HDS (1961�63) 10�16; R�hrich 1976, 134.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. KL 8; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 310; Greek: Klaar 1963, 195ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 145, Jason 1975, 1988a; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A mother mourns for her dead children. When she goes to church she realizes that the mass is being performed by dead relatives. Then she is shown at the altar what the evil fates of her children would have been (one son is on gallows, the other one is bound to a wheel) if they had not died [N121.2]. She thanks God for having taken her children.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934D,Outwitting Fate,,"Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 122�124; Indian: Thompson /Balys 1958, Nos. K1811.0.2, K2371.2, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 936; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 934D2; Japanese: Seki 1963, No. 43.","A man overhears the fate predestined by a god [K1811.0.2] (goddess, soothsayer) decreeing that a boy (prince) will spend his life in poverty but will always own an ox (kill a stag every day) and that his sister will become a prostitute [N121.3]. When the boy grows up, the man advises him to sell his ox every day so that the god must furnish him a new one each day (to wait inside his hut so that the god must bring the stag to him). He advises the girl to demand a handful of pearls for her favors. The god must come in disguise each day because no man can pay such a price. The god soon tires of his duties and agrees to reverse the decrees of fate [K2371.2].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934F,The Man in the Well,"Kuhn 1888; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 85 No. 17, III, 100 No. 6; BP IV, 339 No. 68; Stammler 1962; Tubach 1969, No. 5022; Odenius 1972f. I; Einhorn 1976, 219�230; Grubm�ller 1977, 28�30; Schwarzbaum 1979, 352; Stohlmann 1985, 144�146; Blois 1991, 73�95; Clausen-Stolzenburg 1995, 196�203; Einhorn 2003, 115�117.","Danish: Nielssen/B�dker 1951f. II, No. 16; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J861.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J861.1; German: Schmitt 1959, 17, 31; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 450; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 5022.","A man fleeing from a unicorn falls into a well where a dragon lives. A tree grows beside the well, and, as he falls, the man grasps one of its branches. He finds two mice, one black and one white, gnawing at the branch, and sees snakes at the base of the tree. Observing all this, the man forgets his perilous position. When a drop of honey falls from the crown of the tree, he reaches to taste it (reaches for money that lies near him). The branch breaks and the man falls into the jaws of the dragon [J861.1]","Oriental origin. Parable of Barlaam and Joasaph. European versions are documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 134), Gesta Romanorum (No. 168).",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934G,The False Prophecy,"Castro Guisasola 1923; Crawford 1925; Schenda 1961, 90; HDS (1961�63) 677f.; Tubach 1968, No. 404; EM 1 (1977) 928f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, 209 not. 18; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 240; Ryan 1999, 12f.","German: Melander I (1604) 63 No. 54, Joco-Seria (1631) 260ff., Zeitvertreiber (1685) 297 (EM archive); Swiss: Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 109 No. 157, cf. No. 156; Indian: Hertel 1922b, No. 60.","An astrologer prophesies that a certain ruler will die within a year, but that he himself will live another twenty years. A knight kills the astrologer, thus discrediting his prophecies.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934H,The Origin of Death,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 100�102; D�hnhardt 1907ff. III, 22; Wesselski 1931, 43f.; Babler 1934; Baumann 1936, 268�279; EM 2 (1979) 637, 1215; Abrahamsson 1951; Schott 2003; EM: Todeszeit wissen (in prep.).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 19; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 37; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. 3062, Balys 1940, Nos. 115�120; Irish: � S�illeabh�in 1942, No. 54, Sz�v�rffy 1957, 122f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV,1, 291f.; Basque: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV,1, 290f.; German: Preu� 1912, 13f.; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 54; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, No. 13; Tungus: Doerfer 1983, Nos. 7, 28; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, Nos. A1335, A1335.5; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, Nos. A1335ff.; Australian: L�ffler 1981, Nos. 8, 79, Waterman 1987, Nos. 2850�3215; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 774M1�; Mali: Schild 1975, No. 78; Ghanaian: Schild 1975, Nos. 77, 79; Schott 2001, 431; Togolese: Einstein 1983, 9; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 77, MacDonald 1982, No. A1335.1.0.2*; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 33, 40, Meinhof 1991, No. 5; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 34�36; Congolese: Seiler-Dietrich 1980, Nos. 6, 7; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 197, 198; South African: MacDonald 1982, No. A1335.1.0.1, Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 197, 198.","This miscellaneous type consists of various tales dealing with the origin of death [A1335] and/or the time of death. Examples: (1) Formerly God let human beings die and return to life, but the moon died forever. A goat (hare) was sent by men to tell God [B291.2] that they wished to continue to live in this way. But the goat confounded the messages, and the dog [B291.2.1] arrived too late to change it [A1335.1.1]. Since that time, humans die forever. (2) God sends out a chameleon to tell humans that they should live forever (continue to live after death). On the way the chameleon is overtaken by a faster animal that delivers the opposite message [A1335.1]. (3) Formerly Death walked along singing [Z111], but he did not enter the houses of men. An old woman listened to him, liked his song, and repeated it. Thereupon Death followed the woman to her house and bedroom, and when she lay down (to have sexual intercourse) he strangled her. This is how Death first entered the houses of men. (4) In the year before they were to die, people neglected their responsibilities (they repaired their fences with temporary materials). Therefore, God decided that they should not know in advance when they will die [A1593].",Tales dealing with the �falsified message of death� are widespread in Africa.,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,934K,'The Time Has Come but Not the Man,"HDA 9 (1938/41) 166; Hartlaub 1951, 198f.; Wildhaber 1958; Tubach 1969, No. 1475B1; EM 4 (1984) 1386; EM 5 (1987) 1116; EM 6 (1990) 119.","Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 1931, No. 460; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 95, Stern 1935, No. 242; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894 II, 414, Balys 1936, No. 3495; Swedish: Carney 1957, 178; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 119, Feilberg 1886ff. III, 789b, Kristensen 1892ff. II, No. 3 (39�41, 44, 47�57, 66�68), III, No. 984; Icelandic: Lehmann-Filh�s 1891, 8f.; Irish: Carney 1957, 179, cf. B�aloideas 59 (1991) 83�90; Welsh: Parry-Jones 1953, 103; English: Hunt 1930, 366, Baughman 1966, No. D1311.11.1; French: S�billot 1882 I, 205; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 52.f., No. 1, Dinnissen 1993, Nos. 3, 54, 57, 187, 193, 296, 365; Frisian: Kooi 2000b, 70f., Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 106; German: Schambach/M�ller 1855, 62, Toeppen 1867, 33f., Strackerjan/Willoh 1909 I, Nos. 185ee, 185gg, 259g, Peuckert 1924, 203, Deecke 1925, No. 200, Berger 2001, No. VIII C2; Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1891, Nos. 320, 321, Graber 1944, 83f.; Swiss: M�ller et al. 1926ff. II, No. 617; Hungarian: Bihari 1980, No. A IV.1.","' A water spirit shouts three times from a river, 'The hour has passed and the man did not come' [D1311.11.1]. The call is heard far outside the town. A young person runs to the river and drowns.","Documented by Gregory of Tours, Liber in gloria martyrum (No. 1) and later by Gervase of Tilbury, Otia Imperialia (dec. III).",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,935,The Prodigal's Return,"Brettschneider 1978; Solomon 1979; Moser 1981, 74f.; EM 6 (1990) 707�713 (D. Drascek/S. Wagner); Scherf 1995 I, 244�247, 501�504, 560�563, 744�746, II, 1343�1346; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 161, 162; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 190; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 83; Danish: Kristensen 1897a, No. 13, B�dker 1964, Nos. 38, 44, Holbek 1990, Nos. 10, 33; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 21; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 650, 651, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch, Flemish: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 320; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Meyer 1932, Peuckert 1932, No. 36, Ranke 1955ff. III, Hen�en 1963, No. 53, Neumann 1971, No. 138, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 1; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 37; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 141; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 2001, 276; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 135ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 4486*; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 119, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 25, II, No. 374; Slovene: Drekonja 1932, 82ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Simonides/Simonides 1994, Nos. 70, 71; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 2ff., Nedo 1956, No. 78; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 62, Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 221, MNK X 1; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 233; Turkmen: Reichl 1986, No. 50; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 41; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 2, VI, No. 33, IX, No. 1, X, No. 18, XI, No. 9, XVI, No. 13, XVIII, Nos. 2, 11; US-American: Randolph 1952, 23; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 59; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A lazy (stupid) son leaves home and dissipates his fortune abroad. He becomes a soldier and asks his father for money by sending him a (three) letter pretending to have become a lieutenant (captain). The deception is discovered and the father expels his son. Through a trick (cleverness, magic) the young man makes his fortune and becomes king by marrying a princess [L161]. Rich and mighty, he decides to return home. On the way he is held up by robbers (he gambles away all his belongings). His companions are all killed, and he himself escapes, but he has to abandon his royal clothes. When he reaches his parents' home in humble clothing [K1815], his father accuses him of lying and punishes and humiliates him (by forcing him to tend pigs, goats, sheep, geese). His wife (disguised as hermit, priest, bishop [K1837]) follows him, (overwhelms the robbers) and rescues him from the difficult situation. He then puts on his royal clothes, returns home, and proves his royal identity to his parents.","For a prototypical treatment of the theme, see the parable in the New Testament (Luke 15,11�32).",300.
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,935*,The Stepson Mariner,,"Finnish-Swedish: �berg 1887, No. 275, Hackman 1917f. I, No. 191; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 71; Saudi Arabian: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 42; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 2.","A merchant's stepson is sent to sea and makes his fortune. The merchant's own son, living protected at home, has bad luck [N171].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,936*,The Golden Mountain,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 29ff. No. 212A; EM 6 (1990) 538�540 (U. Marzolph); R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 178, 230.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 164; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: cf. Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. I, No. 325A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 131, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Gonzenbach 1870 I, No. 6; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 15, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 198; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Ossetian: Dawkins 1950, No. 40; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 69, 77; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 45, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uighur: Reichl 1986, No. 16; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 10, Dalila et al. 1989, No. 14, 28; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 38; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 53; Iraqi: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. B31.1; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 13, El-Shamy 2004; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 58, Nowak 1969, No. 53, Marzolph 1984; Egyptian, Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 53, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Stumme 1893, No. 2; Moroccan: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. K1861.1; Sudanese: Frobenius 1923, No. 8, Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 13, El-Shamy 2004.","(Hasan of Basra.) A man hires himself out to a merchant (landlord) who promises high payment for unspecified labor. The merchant leads him to a high (golden) mountain that cannot be climbed. He (drugs him and) sews him up in an animal skin [K521.1.1]. Big birds carry him to the mountaintop as prey [B31.1]. There he slips out of the skin and throws precious stones (gold) down to the merchant. Later the merchant leaves him, helpless, behind on the mountain. Through lucky circumstances (passage under the earth, plunge into the sea) he escapes. Later he takes service with the same employer. When they arrive at the mountain again, the merchant is tricked into the animal skin and is carried up the mountain. After disclosing his identity to the merchant, the workman makes him throw precious stones down in the same way he had done before. Then he leaves the merchant on the mountain where he dies.",The first part of the type often occurs as an introduction to Type 400.,400.
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,938,Placidas,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 161 No. 325, 162ff. No. 327A, 164f. No. 327B, 165 No. 327C, VII, 75ff. No. 121B, VIII, 81f. No. 51, 104 No. 79, 110 No. 89; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, No. 37; BP II, 264; Basset 1924ff. II, 385 No. 111; Wesselski 1925, No. 47; Krappe 1926f.; Loomis 1948, 112; Krzyanowski 1965, 98f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 14, 443; Tubach 1969, No. 1920; Lemieux 1970; Fichte 1993; EM 10 (2002) 1069�1074 (H. Fischer); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 316, 408.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 165; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1897a, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. N121; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. N251; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 410, Cardigos (forthcoming); French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. N121; Austrian: Zaunert 1926, 33ff., Haiding 1969, No. 141; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 366f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 1920; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 174; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Klaar 1987, 150ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 136; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 103, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992, No. 938A; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 121, IV, No. 241, MNK X 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 26; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 134; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IX, No. 20, XX, No. 12, XXII, No. 1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 54, Nowak 1969, No. 332, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Eustacius.) Placidas, a colonel of the emperor Trajan, hunts a deer, between whose antlers a cross disclosed it to be Christ in animal form. His wife has a similar vision. Both are baptized together with their two sons. Placidas is named Eustacius, his wife Theopiste. When Eustacius rides again to the place of the vision, the deer reappears. Christ prophesies for him a period of suffering similar to that of Job. He can choose if he wishes to have the suffering now or at the end of his life [J214]. Eustacius decides to have it soon. When his servants and his animals die and all his property is stolen, he escapes with his family to Egypt. A boatman claims his wife as payment for the ferry; when Eustacius crosses a river with his two sons, the boys are carried off by a lion and a wolf [N251]. Farmers and shepherds take the animals' prey and raise the boys. Eustacius works as farmhand. Many years later Eustacius is found by a legation of the emperor. They persuade him to return. When serving as colonel, he recovers his sons and his wife by chance [N121]. The new emperor in Rome wants them to make sacrifices to idols. When they identify themselves as Christians, the new emperor Hadrian orders them to be thrown to the lions, but the wild animals do not touch them. Then they are pushed into a red-hot iron bull. Their uninjured bodies are buried by Christians; on the grave a church is built.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 110), Legenda aurea (Eustachius).",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,938*,Master Discovers that the Slave Girl he Wants to Marry is a Near Relative [T410,"DVldr 1935ff. IV, No. 72.","Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 938; German: Wossidlo/Neumann 1963, No. 448, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I 1997, No. 19; Jewish: cf. Noy 1965, No. 42, Jason 1965, No. 938*�*A, Jason 1975, No. 938*�*A, Jason 1988a, No. 938*�*A; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. T410.1.","1]. A man (prince, farmer's son, master) intends to marry a beautiful girl (slave, servant) (after having redeemed her). She turns out to be his sister.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,938A,Misfortunes in Youth,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 253�255; BP II, 264; Schwarzbaum 1968, 14; EM 2 (1979) 205�208 (K. Ranke); R�th 1998.","Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 45; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 128, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 61, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 47, Klaar 1977, 94ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 136, 156; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, Nos. 11, 27, Haboucha 1992, No. 938A; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 45.",A girl has to choose if she prefers to suffer in youth or in old age [J214]. She decides to suffer in youth and has to endure a long series of misfortunes. Finally she has good fortune.,NA,"706, 710."
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,938B,Better in Youth,"Wesselski 1925, No. 45; Schwarzbaum 1968, 14; EM 2 (1979) 205�208 (K. Ranke); R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 166; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: B�rnenes Blad (1881) No. 24, 187�192; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Behrend 1908, No. 14; Italian: Calvino 1956, No. 131; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 101, 174, Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 174; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 52, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 125, 126; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 37, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 313; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 948*; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Walker/Uysal 1966, 84ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 938*C, Jason 1975, No. 938*C, Jason 1988a, No. 938*C, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 196; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 136; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 213ff.; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 78; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 50, Levin 1982, No. 21; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 938*C; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 15, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 45, Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 II, 391ff., El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, 268ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A married couple has to choose if they prefer to suffer in youth or in old age [J210, J214]. They decide to endure hardship in youth. The husband sells his wife (voluntarily, by force). The money is carried off by a bird [N527]. As a workman in a foreign land, he discovers the lost money in a felled tree in which the bird had built its nest. He is brought before the widowed queen, who recognizes him as her first husband. In some Jewish variants a couple can choose if they want seven good years now or in the future. The woman decides to have it now in order to educate her children. They receive money, most of which they give away as charity. At the end they are told that their good deeds have compensated for the bad years ahead.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,939,The Offended Deity,,"Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 71; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 226, IV, No. 85; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 241; Pakistani: Swynnerton 1908, No. 96, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Day 1908, No. 6, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 76; Nepalese: cf. Heunemann 1980, 120ff.; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 70.","A king offends a deity [C50]. He loses his kingdom and his fortune [C930] and is forced to wander for years in poverty. His wife is stolen from him. He must labor at menial tasks. Taken in and helped by a friend, he sees a valuable necklace disappear before his eyes. Knowing he will be suspected of the theft, he flees. He is bought as a slave and is ordered to throw corpses into a tank for a fee. His wife brings the corpse of their son. The king is eventually restored to his former position. His wife (and child) are restored to him.","The type originates as an Indian tale, but only some of the variants retain the original Indian structure.",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,939A,Killing the Returned Soldier,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, No. 26; DVldr 1935ff. IV, No. 85; Krej� 1947f.; Kosko 1961; Kosko 1966; Fabre/Lacroix 1970a; Frauenrath 1974; Cheesman 1988; Dekker et al. 1997, 252f.; Campion-Vincent 1998; EM 9 (1999) 876�879 (R. W. Brednich); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 167; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 939; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B I, 516f., B II, 304f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Dutch: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 320f., Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 329; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Boone 1999 I, 234ff.; German: Merkelbach-Pinck 1940, 146f., Hen�en 1951, No. 118, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 204; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 680f., 886f., 898, EM 7 (1993) 872; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 180f., 504; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 86; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; US-American: Baughman 1966; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 215f.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1170; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1977, 67f., Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1170.",The son of an innkeeper couple gains riches abroad and returns home. He shows his wealth but does not disclose his identity. During the night he is killed by his parents out of greed. The deed is discovered by a third person (usually by his sister) or by an identifying possession. The parents commit suicide [N321]. Cf. Type 935.,Documented in the 17th century.,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,940,The Three Suitors in the Cemetery (previously The Haughty Girl),"Schwarz 1916; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 220; Kasprzyk 1963, No. 2; EM 8 (1996) 1387�1391 (M. van den Berg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 168; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 194; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 158, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Espinosa 1988, Nos. 272�275, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 174, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 70; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, Lox 1999a, No. 48; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 206, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 119, Neumann 1971, No. 139; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 904ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 258 No. 5; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 432; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 281f., 464f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Cvetinovi 1959, 154ff.; Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 1730*C; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 89; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 326.A.1.","As proof of his love and his courage, a suitor is told to lie in a shroud in a coffin at the cemetery at night. Another must disguise himself as angel and perform a wake, and a third, disguised as the devil, has to carry away the coffin. When the angel and the devil start to fight, the pretended dead man jumps up. All three flee and thereby lose their chances of the promised sexual intercourse (marriage) [K1218.3]. In some variants an episode follows in which the men take revenge for the trick. In Swedish, Finnish, Flemish, German, and Swiss variants the rejected suitors disguise a beggar as prince and send him with coach and servant to the young woman to woo and marry her.","For an early literary version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (IX,1).","1737, 1855A."
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,940*,The Forgiven Debt,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 98, 461.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 196; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 124; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a.",A farmer finds a sum of money which belongs to several gentlemen. With it he pays off the debt on his land. After ten years he confesses his guilt and wants to repay their money. They let him keep it all [Q68.2].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,944,King for a Year,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 49, III, 101; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 580f.; Wesselski 1936, 82; Schwarzbaum 1968, 21, 444; Tubach 1969, No. 2907; MacDonald 1982, No. J711.3; Stohlmann 1985, 147f.; EM 7 (1993) 436�439 (A. Gier); M�ller 1999; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1575f.; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 263.","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. J711.3; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J711.3; German: EM 2 (1979) 289; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 2907; Aramaic: Lidzbarski 1896,149ff. No. 6.","In a certain city it is the custom that a stranger who is not familiar with its laws is made king. At the end of his reign, all his possessions are taken from him and he is banished to an island. A wise man (who has been warned about this custom) arranges to send everything that he will need to the island (has a city built there), before his banishment [J711.3]. In some variants a dying ruler gives his son a golden ball (apple), telling him to give it to the greatest fool whom he can find. The son decides to give it to a king who is willing to be banished after reigning for a year. Sometimes the gift reminds the king to arrange for money, possessions, and food to be taken to the place where he will be banished. Cf. Type 1531.","Oriental origin. Parable of Barlaam and Joasaph. European versions are documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 9), Gesta Romanorum (nos. 74, 224), Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 135). Further literary treatment, see Alain Ren� Lesage, Arlequin roi de Serendib (1723).",NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,944*,"'Easy Come, Easy Go!' A musician and his little house are carried off by an inundation of the sea",,"Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 944; German: Neumann 1968b, No. 49; Serbian: cf. Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 54, cf. Karadi 1937, 285f. No. 27, 287 No. 30; Jewish: Jason 1965, Haboucha 1992, No. *943.","He fiddles the whole time [W25]. Or, the owner of an easily-acquired possession that is borne away by water is not sorry but rather says, 'As it came easily, so it now has gone easily.""",Popular as a proverbial phrase.,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,945,Luck and Intelligence,"BP III, 53�57; Basset 1924ff. III, 145 Bo. 91; HDM 2 (1934�40) 638�640 (L. Bergel); Schwarzbaum 1968, 91, 264; Hatami 1977, No. 9; Schwarzbaum 1979, xliv not. 53; EM 5 (1987) 1312�1318 (E. Schoenfeld); Goldberg 1997c, 187�189; R�th 1998; Hansen 2002, 478�481.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 136ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. D435.1.1; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 101ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, No. 36; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 318, 319; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, Nos. *559*, *945A; Greek: Klaar 1970, 82ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. *653C, 945; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 290; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 25, Jason 1965, 1975; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 26, 27, 99, 100; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 43, 44; Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 182; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 653C�; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 119, 152, El-Shamy 2004, No. 653C�; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 653C�, 945; Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 653C�; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 119, 152, El-Shamy 2004, No. 653C�; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. *653C, 945; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. H343, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 184; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 853**C; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 653C�, 945; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 653C�, 945; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 119, El-Shamy 2004, No. 653C�; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 65, El-Shamy 2004, No. 653C�; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 269, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 653C�, 945.","This conglomerate tale type occurs in different forms. The Silent Princess frame with inset dilemma tales is common without the outer Luck and Intelligence frame. The various dilemma tales also occur without any frame. The outer frame is a dispute between Intelligence and Luck, as to which is the more powerful. As a test a shepherd (gardener, farmer) is endowed with intelligence. He participates in a suitor-test for a mute princess, who is offered in marriage to whoever can make her speak [H343]. The clever shepherd tells to the princess that end with a question [F954.2.1, Z16.1] (e.g. a carpenter, a taylor and a clergyman pass the night together. The carpenter carves a girl, the tailor dresses her, and the clergyman animates the figure [F1023, D435.1.1]. To whom does the girl belong [H621]). Cf. Types 653, 653A. When the princess continues to be silent, he starts to talk to objects or animals who answer wrongly (he himself) in order to tempt the princess to contradict them. Finally she breaks her silence. Cf. Types 559, 571'574. But the king refuses to give the shepherd his daughter and condemns him to death. He is saved by Luck [N141], which means that Luck is more powerful than Intelligence.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 653, and also 325, 507, 653A, and 976."
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,945A*,Money and Fortune,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 31f. No. 202, 44f. No. 209; Basset 1924ff. I, 263 No. 14; Schwarzbaum 1968, 261�264; Schwarzbaum 1979, 500, 502 not. 9; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 96, 352.","Finnish: L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 2, Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 163; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917 I, No. 192; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 935**, *945B*; Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 76, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 946D*; Danish: Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 113ff., No. 491; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Meier 1940, No. 3; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 199f., Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 946A*, 946D*; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 41; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 945A*; Flemish: Witteryck 1946, No. 32; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, No. 935**, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 6; Hungarian: Sklarek 1901, No. 35, MNK IV, No. 946C*, Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 103, cf. Pani-Surep 1964, No. 28, �ulji 1968, 42ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 562ff., III, 469f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 935**; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 14; Greek: Laogr�phia 19 (1961) 569�575, Megas 1968a, Nos. 25, 37, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 945A*, *946D*; Russian: Bazanov/Alekseev 1964, No. 122; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 87; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1965, No. 71, Jason 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992, No. 935**; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 946C*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 945*; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989, Nos. 935**, 945A*; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 13; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **939; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 945**B; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 945A*, 945B�, 946C*, 946D*; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 946C*; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. II/III, No. 676.","(Including the previous Types 935**, 946C*, and 946D*.) Money and Fortune (Luck and Blessing) test their power on a poor man.The one who can make him richest will be the winner. Money gives the man money. Soon (three times) he loses all the money (when he is stung by wasps or because he hides it in a pot where his wife finds it and spends it). With Fortune's help he finds the money again. From then on the man believes in Fortune and becomes wealthy. Fortune has won the bet because where there is no good fortune, money is worth nothing [N183]. Cf. Type 736. In some variants the frame tale is missing. A poor man (rope-maker, beggar) is given a sum of money three times. Two times he loses the money because of unfortunate circumstances (a bird carries it away; his wife unwittingly sells the pot where it is hidden, he accidentally drops it in the river; he forgets the hiding place). The third time he recovers everything because of lucky circumstances, or he finds his fortune in an object which to all appearances seemed worthless (he receives a fish in whose belly a diamond is hidden) [N183, N421] (cf. Type 736). (Previously Types 935** and 946D*.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,947,The Man Followed by Bad Luck,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 178; Chauvin 1892ff. II, No. 19; cf. BP II, 290; BP III, 289f.; Basset 1924ff. II, 385 No. 111; Schwarzbaum 1968, 272; Schwarzbaum 1979, 350, 354 not. 33, 34; EM 5 (1987) 1305�1312 (E. Blum).","Danish: Nielssen/B�dker 1951f. II, No. 18; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. N253; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 402; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 129; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *947B**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 131; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Kurdish: Nebez 1972, 63ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 182ff.; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: cf. Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 130; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 2; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 60; Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 13, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man who is attacked by wolves jumps into a river to save himself. He nearly drowns but is rescued by fishermen who lay him down beside a wall. When he regains consciousness, now apparently safe, the wall falls down and kills him [N253].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,Tales Of Fate 930-949,NA,947A,Bad Luck Cannot Be Arrested,"Basset 1924ff. III, 532 No. 323; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 327; Schwarzbaum 1968, 77, 259f., 264, 266f., 276, 477; EM 5 (1987) 1305�1312 (E. Blum).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 170; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 72, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, No. 947A*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 947A*; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 102f., Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Wolff (1702) 259f, Kobolt (1747) 397 (EM archive); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3353*; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. II, 149f., Karadi 1937, No. 35, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 127, 128; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 55; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 194, III, No. 317; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 259f., Daskalova et al. 1985, No. 132, cf. No. 133, BFP; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 264f.; Greek: Megas 1956f. I, No. 34, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 947A, 947A*; Russian: Strickland 1907, 11ff.; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, 669 No. 1; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 131; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 104, Jason 1965, Nos. 842, 947A, 947A*, Noy 1968, Nos. 64, 67, Jason 1988a, Nos. 947A, 947A*, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 64; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 72, 86; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 2; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. N351.2, cf. Tauscher 1959, No. 11, Thompson/Roberts 1960, 102; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 74; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 37; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 99; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 947C*.","(Including the previous Types 842, 947A*'947C*.) A patron (God, rich man) leaves money by the wayside (bridge) where a poor man (hermit) walks. When the poor man reaches that place, he closes his eyes (to feel how a blind man feels when he walks) and so passes by the money without seeing it (he stumbles against the money, thinks it is a stone, and kicks it aside) [N351.2, Q34]. Cf. Types 735, 735A, 745A, and 834. In Chinese variants he fails to see the gold left in his way by God because he is too lazy to sweep away the dust that covers the gold. (Previously Type 842.) In some variants the man is followed by bad luck. (Previously Type 947A*.)",NA,"841, 945A*, and 947."
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,810,The Snares of the Evil One,"Barack 1863; BP II, 318�335; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 197ff. No. 116; Robertson 1954, 470�472; Schmid 1955, 440�447; Kroonce 1959, 176�184; R�hrich 1962f. I, 27�61, 243�253; Ehlers 1973; EM 4 (1984) 806�813 (D.-R. Moser); EM 7 (1993) 1247�1253 (L. R�hrich); Scherf 1995 I, 710�717, II, 800, cf. 906�909, 1404.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 48�51, Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. E531, E551; Estonian: Aarne 1918, cf. Loorits 1959, Nos. 154, 161; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, No. 27, Lagercrantz 1957ff. V, No. 288, VI, No. 512, Bartens 2003, No. 50; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 313, III, No. 7, Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 163ff.; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 810, cf. Nos. 810I*, 810VIII*; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B I, 111ff., 132f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 167, B I, 96ff., 149f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K218.1; Portuguese: Parafita 2001f. I, 226, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Neumann 1973, No. 85, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 92; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *810C; Slovene: Vrtec 19 (1889) 118; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 26; Albanian: cf. Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 13; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 242f.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 74; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Azerbaijan: Marzolph 1987, 82; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 23; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 16, VI, No. 35; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","An unborn child is promised to the devil in a crisis [M211, S211, S241]. When some years later the promised child is to be fetched by the devil, he takes refuge in a holy place (church, altar, cemetery) in a magic circle reading the bible (clergyman draws a ring around him) [K218.1]. The devil cannot tempt him outside the circle [D1381.11, G303.16.19.15] so the contract is voided. Cf. Types 400, 518, 974.",NA,"400, 518."
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,810A,The Devil Does Penance,"BP II, 294f.; Wesselski 1925, No. 53; EM 2 (1979) 1082�1085 (D.-R. Moser).","Finnish: L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 20; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Ambainis 1979, No. 61; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. II, Nos. 5, 129, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 111; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 16; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 171ff., Sirov�tka 1980, No. 15; Slovakian: Kosov�-Kole�nyi, 1988, 56ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 51, 77, 315, II, 530, 542, 560; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, 91f., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 60; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 492ff., III, 461f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 651, Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 65; Sorbian: Nedo 1972, 249ff., 336 not. 46; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A poor pious man puts his last piece of bread on a tree stump. A young devil steals the bread in order to test him. The pious man blesses the thief. In hell the devil is reprimanded by Lucifer and ordered to serve the farmer for one (three, seven) year. The devil works to make his master prosperous, punishes an evil landowner, and then returns to hell [G303.9.3.1.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,810A*,The Priest and the Devil,"K�hler et al. 1894, 39�47; W�nsche 1905b; Wesselski 1932; Vries 1933, 68�70; Boberg 1955; Puhvel 1961; R�hrich 1965, 45�48; Talo 1969; EM 1 (1977) 1393�1397 (I. Talo); Dekker et al. 1997, 350�352; Kooi 2001.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1973, Nos. 32A�C, 35, 37; English: Briggs 1970f. B I, 89f.; French: Soupault 1963, No. 14; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 84ff.; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 225, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, No. 853, Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 447, 528, Kooi 2003, No. 64; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 1191A*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 30; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 78, Top 1982, No. 80, Lox 1999b, No. 77; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, Nos. 91, 97, III, No. 75, cf. Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 184, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 34, 35, Hubrich-Messow 2000, 194f., 242f., Berger 2001, Nos. 810A**, XII B 1�3; Austrian: Haiding 1977b, No. 106; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 198; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, 299f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1098; Russian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 1097A*; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; North American Indian: Simmons 1986, 194f., 208f., cf. 212f., 227; US-American: Dorson 1946, 52; Mexican: Robe 1970, No. 198.","Miscellaneous type. A clergyman (priest, businessman) agrees to give his daughter (soul) to the devil (devils) [S211] if the devil is able to build a church [G303.9.1.6] (building [G303.9.1.13], castle, palace [G303.9.1.5], bridge [G303.9.1.1], dams [G303.9.1.2], streets [G303.9.1.7]) overnight [G303.16.19.4, G303.17.1.1]. The clergyman (his wife) makes the rooster crow earlier than usual, and the devils disappear [G303.14, E452]. Cf. Types 1099, 1191.",NA,1187*.
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,810B*,The Youth Sold to the Devil [S211],Cf. EM 7 (1993) 1247�1253 (L. R�hrich).,"Icelandic: Naumann1923, No. 79; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian: SUS.","When the devil (giant) comes to fetch a youth, his parents sew him up on three successive nights in a dog's skin, a ram's skin, and a goat's skin (they hide him in an ear of corn as a kernel, on a swan's neck as down, in a flounder as spawn). The devil cannot find him.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,811,The Man Promised to the Devil Becomes a Clergyman [S211],"Cf. Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, 17�27, 61�66; EM 7 (1993) 1247�1253 (L. R�hrich); EM: Teufel: Der dem T. Versprochene wird Priester (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 51, 52; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1982, No. 15; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 174ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Meier 1932, Hen�en 1935, No. 177, Benzel 1965, No. 47; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 154ff.; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 177, �r�mkov�/Sirov�tka 1990, No. 36; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 72; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 74; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 6; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 314ff., III, 393ff.; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 811, cf. No. 811*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.5.92.","He sprinkles holy water on the devils in hell; and tears up the contract his father had once concluded with the devil. He becomes a high priest. He tells a sinner to do penance and later, as bishop, he releases him from his sins [K218.3]. Cf. Type 756B.",NA,756B.
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,811A*,The Boy Promised (Destined) to Go to the Devil Saves himself by his Good Conduct,"Petit de Julleville 1880 II, 228�231; Andrejev 1927, 224.","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; German: Birlinger 1861f. I, No. 578; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 21; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 811; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1.","A boy is sold to the devil for money (before his birth) by his parents [S211]. He is to be handed over at a fixed time (when he is four years old). When the boy learns about his destiny, he decides to manage his fortune on his own. He leaves home and meets the Virgin Mary (another holy person). In gratitude for the boy's helpful and friendly behavior, Virgin Mary gives him a magic tool (water) by which he can save himself from the devil when he comes to fetch him (he fights the devil and wins). Cf. Types 310, 313, 315, and 756B.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,812,The Devil's Riddle,"Cf. D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 194f.; BP III, 12�17; Tubach 1969, No. 214; EM 5 (1987) 192�199 (R. Wehse); cf. EM 7 (1993) 1247�1253 (L. R�hrich); Scherf 1995 II, 1187�1189; EM 11,1 (2003) 275�280 (L. R�hrich).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 53�56, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E553; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 812, 812*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 19, Kristensen 1888ff. V, Nos. 42, 49; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 213f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 24; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 14, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Basque: Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 43; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 49, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, No. 1349; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 125; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 33; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, Dvo�k 1978, No. 214; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 228, 329, II, No. 500; Slovene: Tomai 1942, 56ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 812A*, B�rlea 1966 II, 219ff., III, 435f.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *500; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 239ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 812*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 812, 812*; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, 158, IV, No. 232, MNK X 1; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. G530.4; US-American: cf. Baughman 1966, No. 812A*; African American: cf. Baughman 1966, No. 812A*; Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. *2045; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","(Including the previous Type 812*.) A man (three starving soldiers) promises himself to the devil (in the shape of a dragon) for money (food) [M211]. If, at the end of a certain time (seven years), he can solve three (seven) riddles which the devil propounds, he will be released from the contract. The devil has objects which appear different from what they really are [H523], and the man must guess their real nature: he-goat ' horse, cloth ' goat-skin, gold cup ' cup of pitch, roasted meat ' dead dog, spoon ' whale-rib, wineglass ' horse's hoof. Or the devil asks seemingly impossible questions: what is sweeter than honey [H671], softer than swan's-down [H672], harder than stone [H673] Or he asks for the symbolic meaning of the numbers one to seven (ten, twelve) [H602.1.1, Z22] (cf. Type 2010]). Or he sets impossible tasks [H1010]. An old woman (devil's grandmother) helps the man to solve the riddles. Or he finds the solutions by hiding in a tree and overhearing the devil's conversation with a companion [N451.1, G661.1, G661.2]. Or he is hidden by the devil's grandmother, who gets the secrets from the devil [G530.4], or is helped by another being (angel, St. Andrew, Gypsy) [N810]. Finally the man saves his soul and escapes from the devil [H543].",NA,"360, 361, 545D*, and 613."
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,813,A Careless Word Summons the Devil [C12],"Tubach 1969, No. 1605.","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, Nos. 327, 328; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B I, 115; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. C12; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 391; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Goldberg 1998, No. *C12.4.2; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 225, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Zender 1966, Nos. 876, 924, 926, 927, Berger 2001, Nos. V S 13, XII C 10; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. C12; Serbian: Vrevi 1868f. I, No. 226; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 17, 343ff., cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 10, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 7, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 54; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, Nos. 57, 58; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 813*D, cf. Miller 1973, No. 17.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales in which someone uses the word devil carelessly, or carelessly utters a curse (e.g. 'The devil will get you!'). The curse becomes true and the devil appears (often in disguise, as young man, as dog) and fetches the person who made the curse or who was cursed (often boy, girl, daughter).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,813*,Not to Sleep Three Nights,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 54; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 98, Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 114; Iraqi, Egyptian, Moroccan, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","A poor man in desparate intends to hang himself in despair. Then he makes a bargain with the devil: If the man does not sleep for three nights, the devil will give him a large sum of money. Whenever the devil asks the man if he is sleeping, the man pretends that he is thinking about something. While the devil verifies the things the man is thinking about, three nights pass and afterwards the man receives the money from the devil. A rich man (neighbor) follows the poor man's example but confesses that he has slept, and so the devil takes his soul [J2401].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,813A,The Accursed Daughter,"Anderson 1963, 93.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 57, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 412B*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 11; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.",A man wants to marry a wife even if she comes from the devil. He gets a woman who had been carried off by the devil because of the careless words of her mother ('Go to the devil').,NA,1175.
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,813B,The Accursed Grandson,"Anderson 1963, 93.","Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 90; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 445*; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: Larminie 1893, 188ff.; Hungarian: Sklarek 1901, No. 36; Greek: Dawkins 1955, No. 5; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 443*, 448; Russian: SUS; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, cf. Nos. 446*, 447*.",(Including the previous Type 445*.) An old woman curses a young boy (grandson) at his wedding and the devil carries him away. His wife goes after him and brings her husband back from the devil.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,813C,The Perjured Man and the Devil (previously May the Devil Skin me),"Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. E266, E446; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 185ff.; German: Zender 1966, Nos. 928�932.",NA,"A man (farmer) perjures himself during a trial and exclaims, ""May as many devils come as hairs are in my body and tear them out!' Thereupon the devils really come and tear out all his hair.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,815,The Devil who Skins a Corpse (previously The Deceased Rich Man and the Devils in the Church),"BP III, 420; HDM 2 (1934�40) 658 (L. Mackensen); Merkelbach 1964; cf. Denecke 1971, 218�228; EM 2 (1979) 695f.; EM 6 (1990) 69�72 (H. Lixfeld); EM 6 (1990) 79f. (R. W. Brednich); EM: Schatz in der Totenhaut (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 58, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E821; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 164a; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1946, No. 34; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 117, Zender 1935, No. 618, Neumann 1971, No. 134, Grimm DS/Kindermann-Bieri 1993, No. 113, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 195; Berger 2001, No. III C 16; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 80; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 615f., 618f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 390ff.; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1927, No. 177; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 17, 353ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 12; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","A poor man promises three times to hold a wake for a rich man. When the rich man dies, the poor man goes to the cemetery and draws a circle around himself. The devil appears, digs the grave up, takes the corpse out of the coffin, and skins it. While the devil puts the grave in order the poor man pulls the skin into his circle [D1381.11, K218.1]. The devil wants it back because he intended to wear it to haunt people. The poor man is able to delay by negotiating with the devil until the time of his wake has passed. The skin is buried again. Cf. Types 810, 1130.",NA,1130.
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,815*,The Shoemaker who Made Shoes for the Devil,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 164b; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 210f., B I, 56ff., 72f.; Czech: cf. Tille 1929ff. I, 609ff.","A shoemaker (smith, tailor) is always cursing (unwisely boasts that he could shoe the devil's own horse). He meets the devil (on his horse, disguised as a man) who asks him to make shoes for him (for his horse). Realizing that he is dealing with the devil, the shoemaker asks a clergyman for help. The clergyman advises him not to take (all) the money from the devil, because if he does, he will have sold his soul. A soon as the shoes are handed over, the devil, delighted, offers him a sum of money. But the shoemaker saves his soul by refusing it. (From that time he never curses again.) [K210].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,816*,Devils Tempt the Pope,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 80, Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 422 No. 1.1.1.17; Swedish: EU, No. 23772; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. G303.3.1.12; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. T332, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 216, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: cf. Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 31; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I.","A clergyman overhears a conversation of devils (ravens) and learns that the devil (devils) in the shape of a woman [G303.3.1.12] is preparing to tempt the pope (bishop, priest) in Rome. He ties the devils together with some holy object (rosary, etc.) and has them carry him on a church door to Rome, where he warns the pope against falling victim to temptation by the devil in female shape. (He receives thanks.) [T332].","Early literary sources, e.g. Gregory I, Dialogi (III,7).",NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,817*,Devil Leaves at Mention of God's Name,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 197ff. No. 116, VIII, 40f. No. 8B.","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. E540; Lithuanian: Balys 1940, Nos. 651, 774, 775, 780, 814; Swedish: EU, No. 7892; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B I, 85f., 93f., 144; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 48, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Krosenbrink 1968, 99; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 817***, Kooi 2000b, 105ff., Kooi/Schuster 2003, Nos. 133, 136, 137; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, Nos. 64, 78; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *817*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1099; Jewish: Neuman 1954, No. G303.16.8; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 30, Fadel 1979, No. 5; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966; Tunisian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type comprises different tales dealing with people who meet the devil in the shape of a person, an animal, or an object (they sell their soul to the devil). By mentioning the name of God, Christ, Virgin Mary, Allah or by saying a prayer or by using holy water, a crucifix, or other holy objects, the devil is made to vanish [G303.16.8].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,818*,The Devil Goes to Confession,"Closs 1932, 293�306; Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 727�729 (A. Schnyder).",Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II.,He performs severe penance but cannot bear to humble himself and bow before the altar [V29.8]. Cf. Types 1800'1809.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,819*,The Devil's Portrait,,"German: Peuckert 1932, No. 194; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 53; Sorbian: Nedo 1972, 243ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 483; Russian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. B I, 113.","A painter is ordered by his master (the king) to paint a portrait of the devil. As he has never seen the devil, he does not know how to paint him. Then the devil appears and assists by showing himself (the painter paints the picture in the steam-bath, he paints only single parts, the devil presents himself only one part at a time). The painter does not look at the finished portrait (may not look at it). When his master looks at it, he dies (all those in the palace who look at it are frightened and flee or die, the king does not die). In a German variant a rich farmer orders a poor painter to paint the devil and offers him his farm as payment. The painter is worried because he does not know what the devil looks like. On the third night his guardian angel appears and tells him he should close his eyes and paint single parts on a paper roll. Every section should be rolled up immediately. He should never look at it and should burn it after the farmer sees it. When the farmer looks at the painting, he dies, and the painter becomes the owner of the farm.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,820,The Devil as Substitute for Day Laborer at Mowing,Woeller 1963; EM: Teufel als Tagel�hner (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 59, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E461; Estonian: cf. Viidalepp 1980, No. 105; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 94; Swedish: Bondeson 1880, 68, Bondeson 1886, 111; Norwegian: Flatin 1922, 6; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 24; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B I, 66; Spanish: Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 21, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; German: Woeller 1959, Nos. 53�55; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 69ff.; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","The devil in the shape of a little old man (workman, hunter) assists a weak farmhand, who works as day laborer for a greedy nobleman, with the mowing (treshing). He does a wonderful job: he mows and threshes as never before and carries the whole harvest plus a bull on his back. When the nobleman realizes that the workman must be the devil, the devil takes him to hell, and the day laborer becomes the owner of the whole harvest and the bull.","Types 810A, 820, 820A, and 1090 are often combined or the motifs are mixed in one tale.",NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,820A,The Devil Mows with a Magic Sickle,"DJbfVk. II (1956) 27, 30; EM: Teufel als Tagel�hner (in prep.).","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 66; Danish: Holbek 1990, cf. No. 24; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 37; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Swiss: cf. Brunold-Bigler/Anhorn 2003, 120 No. 204; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 134.","A poor old innkeeper works as a farmhand for a rich landlord. The malicious foreman abuses the workmen but esp. the innkeeper who cannot mow as fast as the others. The devil comes to the innkeeper and offers to mow for him in his shape at the landlord's farm. He would bring his own sickle. As the devil mows with his sickle, he follows the foreman. He mows faster than all other workmen and the foreman tries desperately to keep up with him. He exhausts himself and dies of overexertion (the devil takes his soul, wrings his neck). The devil gives his sickle to the old innkeeper, who becomes the best mower from then on [M213].","Types 810A, 820, 820A, and 1090 are often combined or the motifs are mixed in one tale.",NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,820B,The Devil at Haying,,"Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS819, cf. Stroebe 1915 I, No. 15; Danish: Holbek 1990, cf. No. 24; German: Zender 1966, No. 917; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975.","An old woman (farmer) must have her haying done on a certain day (has a contract with the devil). A mysterious stranger appears and promises his help. He comes at the last moment and mows the whole crop in one day (and the woman is released from the contract with the devil). Cf. Types 820, 820A, 1090.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,821,The Devil as Advocate,NA,NA,Cf. Type 1186.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,821A,Thief Rescued by the Devil,"BP II, 566; Schmidt 1963, 79�106, 373�375; Tubach 1969, No. 1628, cf. 2235; Br�ckner 1974, 161 not. 209; Schwarzbaum 1979, 425; EM: Teufel als Advokat (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 60�63, 86, cf. Jauhiainen 1998, No. E721; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 156; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 54; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. B I, 145; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Pires/Lages 1992, No. 18, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Bl�court 1980, No. 3.3; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 197, Ranke 1966, No. 64, Rehermann 1977, 158f. No. 46, Grimm DS/Kindermann-Bieri 1993, No. 211; Swiss: M�ller et al. 1926ff. III, No. 1195; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 368f.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 821A; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Tadzhik: cf. Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, 203ff.; Mexican: Robe 1970, No. C12.2; Brazilian: cf. Romero/Cascudo 1954, No. 24.","An innocent man (in league with the devil, who once was kind to the devil) is accused of theft. The complainant swears by the devil [C12.2] that the man is guilty. The devil helps the accused by carrying the complainant (judge) out of the the court room [G303.22.11] (and thus repays the hospitality of the accused man [Q45.2]). Cf. Type 1186.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,821A*,Devil's Trickery Separates Married Couples and Friends,,"Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 102, 176; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 821 I*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Palestinian, Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.",Miscellaneous type.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,821B,Chickens from Boiled Eggs,"BP II, 368f.; Pauli/Bolte 1924 II, No. 807; HDM 1 (1930�33) 12�14; Goebel 1932, 198�201; Sc�alaithe i Sc�il 1986; EM 10 (2002) 1454�1460 (C.Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 64, 101, 129; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 186; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Kristensen 1900, No. 37, Holbek 1990, No. 25; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 100; Irish: � h�g�in 1985, 102f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 49, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Basque: Ranke 1972, No. 144, Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 136ff.; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 47, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 45; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 116; German: Meyer 1932, No. 821, Ranke 1955ff. III; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 31; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 436f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 31, 249, 321, 338; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 15 (1881) 293f.; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 21; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3023; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1956f. II, No. 39, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 875*, Coleman 1965, 283ff., Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 245; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 295; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 329, Jason 1975, No. 920*E, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1968, 191ff.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 354ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 821B, cf. No. *302B; Chinese: Ting 1978; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Chilean, Cuban: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1924, No. 45; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 23; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004.","A traveler (soldier, sailor, merchant, student) eats a meal of eggs in an inn and leaves without paying. Some years later when he returns to pay his debt, the innkeeper claims the value of all chickens that would have hatched from the eggs in the meantime. The traveler cannot (is not willing to) pay such an enormous sum, so the innkeeper brings the case to trial. The traveler meets a man (devil, farmer, shepherd, servant, wise man, lawyer, Gypsy, child) who offers to act for him as his lawyer. On the day of the trial the lawyer comes late and excuses himself by explaining that he was cooking beans (other seed) for planting [J1191.2]. The judge states that cooked beans could not germinate, and the lawyer answers that chickens could not be hatched from boiled eggs. The case is rejected (the devil carries off the judge). Cf. Types 875, 875E, 920A.",Documented in Jewish texts from the 13th century.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 875, 920A, and also 922."
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,821B*,The Devil as Host at Dinner,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 178f.","Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 821 II*; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *922E; Jewish: Jason 1965.","In heaven people can eat as much as they like, but in hell everyone's arms are so long (the spoons have fathom-long handles) that the people cannot feed themselves. The greedy and selfish ones do not get anything to eat, but the unselfish people feed one another and have plenty of food.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,822,Christ as Matchmaker (previously The Lazy Boy and the Industrious Girl),"Schumann/Bolte 1893, No. 43; D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 115f.; Wesselski 1925, No. 22; Tubach 1969, No. 4324; EM 2 (1979) 1431�1437 (D.-R. Moser).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 65; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 166; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 770*, Loorits 1959, No. 145; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. I, No. 1247; Scottish: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 136, 137, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: B�dker et al. 1963, 112f.; Flemish: Cornelissen/Vervliet 1900, No. 32; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 79, Ranke 1955ff. III, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 82, Benzel 1962, No. 184, Kapfhammer 1974, 127, 233, Rehermann 1977, 141, 389 not. 12; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 868; Austrian: Mailly 1926, No. 162, Haiding 1969, No. 135; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 475f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 574f., 578, Jech 1984, No. 52/VIII; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 430; Slovene: Kocbek 1926, 36; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 89, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 111�113; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 34, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, Nos. 4, 33; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 232; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 488ff., III, 461, Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5090; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 88; Greek: Klaar 1963, 54ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 75; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 419; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 930C, 930D; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 53; Malagasy: Razafindramiandra 1988, No. 11.","On their way Christ and St. Peter meet a lazy man lying in the grass. When they ask him for the way, he points out the direction with his foot. Later they meet a hard-working girl who leads them briskly on their way. When St. Peter asks how the girl should be rewarded, Christ answers that the two people should marry, for then they would complement one another.",NA,"752A, 791."
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,822*,The Mythical Creditor (previously The Devil Lends Money to the Man),EM 5 (1987) 1277�1279 (L. G. Barag).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 66; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 157; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 177 No. 2.1.2.2; Lappish: Lagercratz 1957ff. II, No. 360; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Luxembourg: cf. Gredt 1883, No. 464; German: Preu� 1912, 39ff., Ranke 1955ff. III, Benzel 1957, No. 98, Ranke 1966, No. 65; Hungarian: MNK I, Nos. 30, 31, 78; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 83; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 126f.; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 58f.; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A supernatural being (devil) lends money to a poor man on the condition that he will claim the man's soul if the man does not repay the debt within one year. When the poor man comes to pay his debt, the supernatural being is no longer there (is dead, is killed by lightning or has been disappeared secretly) [K231.4]. In some variants the farmer avoids having to repay his debt to the devil by giving excuses, or he exempts himself from the obligation to pay by solving the devil's riddles (cf. Type 812), by destroying the written agreement, or by giving the devil a brooding hen instead of his mother or his 'pungent smell' instead of his soul.","Documented in Johannes Praetorius, Daemonologia Rubinzalii silesii (1662).",NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,823A*,A Mother Dies of Fright when she Learns that she Was About to Commit Incest with her Son,"Krappe 1927, 181�190; Tubach 1969, No. 2733; EM 7 (1993) 232; Schwarzbaum 1981, 596f.; Hansen 2002, 284�287.","Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. N383.3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *920*; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 43; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 920*; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 51; Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A mother (of Solomon) has a rendezvous with a young man. Her son (Solomon) disguises himself and goes to the meeting place instead of the young man in order to test her chastity [N383.3, T412.2]. (The mother caresses him and he denounces her. She curses him: the tree should swallow him. Solomon carves a violin while sitting inside the tree.) Cf. Type 920A*.","Under the impact of the Secundus story, whose greek version was already known in the second century C.E.",NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,824,The Devil Lets the Man See his Wife's Unfaithfulness,EM 5 (1987) 278f.; EM: Teufel zeigt dem Mann die Untreue seiner Frau (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 67; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 102, Vojinovi 1969, No. 11; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 340ff., 355ff., III, 395ff., 397ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 117ff.","He transforms the husband into a goat which he brings to see his wife and her lover [K1531]. In some variants the devil (wood spirit) shows a man how false his wife is by bringing her a sack of gold. In order to keep the money, she agrees to cut off the head of her sleeping husband. The man awakes in time and punishes his wife. Cf. Type 921B.",NA,571.
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,825,The Devil in Noah's Ark [K485],"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 257�294; HDA 5 (1934�1935) 1114f. (P. Sartori); Utley 1960, 67�71; Utley 1961; Lewis 1968, 10�41; Schwarzbaum 1968, 387; Tubach 1969, No. 3478; Ranke 1972, No. 124; R�hrich 1972, 433�442; Ginzberg 1988, 319�335; EM 10 (2002) 48�54 (H. Lox).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 825*, Loorits 1959, No. 158; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 47 No. 2.2.2.2; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 36, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 178; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. A1021, F837; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. A1021; Portuguese: Cust�dio/Galhoz 1996f. I, 135ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. IV, No. 338; German: Hubrich-Messow 2000, Nos. A2236.1, A2378.5.1, B527.2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 163B1; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 57; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 72; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, No. 118; Rumanian: Amzulescu 1974, 53; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 282; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 93; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: cf. Hertel 1953, No. 8; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karpov 1958, 125; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, Nos. A1015, A1021, A2001, F837; New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, No. A1021; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, Nos. A1015, A1021.","This miscellaneous type comprises various anecdotes dealing with the devil in Noah's ark. The motifs mentioned do not all occur in any single variant. God commands Noah to build the ark in secret to escape the deluge [A1015, A1021]. In order to keep the work secret, the hammer is silent or the axe never gets dull on the stone chopping block [H1199.13, cf. H1116.1, F837]. The devil finds out the secret of the construction of the ark from Noah's wife. He persuades her to give Noah an intoxicating drink [K2213.4.2], so Noah tells his secret and the devil destroys the ark [cf. G303.14.1.1, K2213.4]. Noah weeps and an angel instructs him how to rebuild it. By performing a washing ritual (water circle) Noah is able to keep the devil away from the ark. A gong calls the animals to board the ark. Some creatures are barred but finally they all enter: the serpent [A2145.2], the insects, the fly [A2031.2], fabulous creatures like the unicorn [A2214.3], the phoenix [A2232.4] and the giant [F531.5.9]. By a ruse the devil manages to enter the ark: he hides near Noah's wife (at her breast, in her work-basket, in her shadow). She does not enter the ark until Noah calls her with a curse addressed to the devil [C12.5.1, K485]. On board, the devil, in the form of a mouse, gnaws a hole in the ark and tries to sink it [A1853.1], but a cat swallows the mouse. Helpful animals (serpent, hare, fish, dog) offer to close the hole with part of their body (tail, nose); smaller animals (tortoise, salamander, rabbit) are used as a plug. The serpent demands fresh (human) blood every day for its help. After the deluge, Noah throws the serpent into a holy fire. Its ashes spread with the wind and turn into bloodsucking fleas (lice, mosquitos) [A2001].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Devil 810-826,NA,826,List of Sins on Cowhide (previously Devil Writes down Names of Men on Hide in Church) [G303,"Kaufmann 1862, 39f.; Bolte 1897a, 249�266; Basler 1927, 139; Harder 1927f., 111�117; Wildhaber 1955; R�hrich 1962f. II, 113�123, 267�274; Meyer 1964, 61�65; B�lint 1968f., 40�43; Tubach 1969, No. 1630; Alsheimer 1971, 151; Rasmussen 1972, 455�464; Moser 1978, 147�167; Scheiber 1985, 177f.; EM 6 (1990) 696; Cooke 1993, No. 206; EM: S�ndenregister auf der Kuhhaut (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff., Nos. 68, 69, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E1226; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 59, Loorits 1959, Nos. 159, 206; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Fokos-Fuchs 1951, No. 17, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 826*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 759B, 826; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 4; Dutch: Janssen 1978, 79ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Preu� 1912, 53ff., Peuckert 1932, Nos. 189�191, R�hrich 1962f. I, No. 6, Hen�en 1963, 142f., Moser-Rath 1964, No. 242, Rehermann 1977, 141, 261f. not. 8; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, 179f., Nos. 19, 20, Jegerlehner 1913, 235ff.; Austrian: Vernaleken 1859, No. 19, Haiding 1965, No. 74; Hungarian: MNK III, Bihari 1980, No. J VII.1, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 378; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1630; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 24ff.; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 218f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934 I, No. 120; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 16, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 57; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 827; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1882, 86; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 32.","24.1.3]. A pious clergyman has a vision in church: he sees the devil at the altar writing down all the sins of the participants of the mass. In the name of God he takes the list, reads it to the community, and everyone repents. The devil leaves the church.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 19). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",827.
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,850,The Birthmarks of the Princess,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 428f. 464; cf. BP II, 528�531; Wesselski 1935, 114�116; L�thi 1962, 90�102; Scherf 1995 I, 594�597, II, 933�935, 1059�1063, 1063�1065, 1159�1162, 1296�1298, 1425�1427; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM 11,1 (2003) 286�294 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 88, 89; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 169; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 8; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. H51.1, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Tomkowiak 1993, 259, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 114; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, Nos. 22, 30; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 323f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 231, II, No. 526; Slovene: Kres 4 (1884) 558ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 345ff., III, 444f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Klaar 1970, 135ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 182 V, 232 III 2, 232 IV 3c; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 32; Argentine: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 54; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A princess is promised in marriage to whoever is able to describe her birthmarks [H51.1, H525]. A young swineherd (shepherd, tailor) has hogs (geese) that dance to his magic flute. In return for his dancing hogs the princess lets the shepherd boy see her naked and thus he comes to know her secret birthmarks [K1358, K443.6]. Or a fisherman offers the princess colorful fishes. In return she undresses herself three times, so that finally he knows the answer. Another suitor (rich man) guesses the answer. As both rivals have solved the riddle, the king then gives a further test: the princess is to marry the suitor to whom she turns in the night [H315]. The rivals sleep with her and she turns to the shepherd (because his rival has eaten bad-smelling food or has soiled the bed). Cf. Types 851, 852, and 857.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 570, and also 300, 502, 571, 592, 853, 900, 1061, and 1159."
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,851,The Princess who Cannot Solve the Riddle,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 191ff. No. 113; BP I, 188�202, III, 83f.; Di Francia 1932; Wesselski 1935, 114�119; L�thi 1962, 90�102; Chiimia 1968; cf. Tubach 1969, Nos. 4098, 4307, 4463; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; Karlinger 1988, 137f.; Goldberg 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 424�429, II, 960�963; Dekker et al. 1997, 371�374; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999, No. 1155; EM 11,1 (2003) 286�294 (C. Goldberg); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 411.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 90, 91; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 170; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 851, 876; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 851, 851A, 876; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 55; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 851, 876, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 65, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 851, 851A; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 851, 851A; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 22, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 45; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 55; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 10, De Simone 1994, No. 57; Corsican: cf. Ortoli 1883, 123 No. 18, Massignon 1963, No. 66; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1966, No. 19, MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 324ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 99, 231; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 169ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 139, cf. No. 140; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 851, 877; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 851, cf. No. 876; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 172f., 176ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 851, 851A, 876; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 212, cf. Nos. 230 III 2, 235 (5), 348 IV 5; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 71, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 9; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 164, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 851, 876; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Nos. 851, 851A; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1971, No. 876, Ting 1978, Nos. 851, 851A, cf. Nos. 851A*�C*, 876, B�cker 1988, No. 12; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 408 No. 215; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 851A; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; US-American: Hoffmann 1973; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 54; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 84, 85; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 11, El-Shamy 2004, os. 851, 851A; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 851, 876; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 475, 476, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 851, 876; West African: Barker/Sinclair 1917, No. 34; East African: Werner 1925, 355; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 851A; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1155; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 851A.","(Including the previous Types 851A and 876.) A princess is offered in marriage to whoever can pose a riddle that she cannot solve [H342, H551]. A man (prince, stupid boy, shepherd) makes a riddle based on unusual circumstances which he has witnessed (experienced) [H565]. (She marries him at this point and the tale ends here.) She sends her maidservants and then goes herself to him at night to learn the answer. He keeps her nightdress (braid) as proof [H81.2, H117]. In court, she answers his riddle but permits him to ask another. It refers to her night visit, and rather than answer it, she agrees to marry him. Different riddles are used, for example: (1) I ride on my father and wear (carry) my mother ' he has sold his parents and bought a horse and clothes (gun). (2) I ate (am) the unborn [H792] (cf. Type 927) ' a fetal animal (he was cut from his mother's womb). (3) I drank water from neither heaven nor earth ' horse's sweat (condensation from a lamp). (4) One killed three and three killed twelve [H802] ' his horse was poisoned, birds ate it, thieves ate the birds, and all died. In Turandot the princess herself is the one to set riddles for her suitors to answer [H540.2]: riddle of the sun [H762], of the ocean [H734] of the year [H721.1]. If they are not able to find the solution they will be punished by death. (Previously Type 851A, an Oriental literary tale.)",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 570, and also 300, 314, 400, 507, 900, 930, 992A, and 1681B."
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,852,"Lying Contest (previously The Hero Forces the Princess to Say, 'That is a Lie')","K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, No. 59; BP II, 506�516; B�dker 1954; Schwarzbaum 1968, 198, 200f.; cf. EM 1 (1977) 1032, 1384; cf. EM 2 (1979) 587f.; cf. EM 6 (1990) 241; EM 8 (1996) 1274�1279 (P.-L. Rausmaa); Dekker et al. 1997, 371�374; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 409; EM 11,1 (2003) 436�443 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 92; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 393; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 224; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 424ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 411f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, Hen�en 1935, No. 294, Ranke 1955ff. III, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 112; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 51; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 241ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 264, 307, II, Nos. 476, 524, 533, 561; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 168f.; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, 217; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3000, II, No. 4904; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 213f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, Nos. 161, 190; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 480; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 408 No. 217; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 44, II, p. 106; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; West African: Klipple 1992.","A princess is offered in marriage to the man who can tell so big a lie that she (her father) will exclaim, 'That is a lie' [H342.1]. A suitor tells impossible tales of his extraordinary great ox [X1237], of a tree that grows to the sky overnight [F54.2], of a river of honey [X1547.2], of his ascent and descent on a rope of chaff from the sky [X1757], of a great cabbage [X1423.1], stable [X1547.2, X1036.1], animals [X1201], mushroom [X1424], large man [X920], a man who cuts off his head and replaces it [X1726.2], a man who cuts ice with his own hands [X1858] or of a man who drinks water from his skull [X1739.2]. When finally the suitor states that her father served his father as swineherd (when he threatens to report [falsely] her amorous conduct [K1271.1.]), the princess (king) is brought to say the required words and she has to marry the suitor.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1960D, 1960G, and also 853, 1882, 1889E, 1911A, 1920C, 1920F, 1960, 1960A�C, 1960E, 1960F, 2014, and 2301."
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,853,The Hero Catches the Princess with her Own Words,"BP I, 201f.; R�hrich 1962f. I, No. 12; Fischer 1968, No. 58; Legman 1968f. II, 696f., 954f.; Tubach 1969, No. 105; Wetzel 1974, 132; Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 933�935 (H.-F. Rosenfeld); Dekker et al. 1997, 371�374; Schmidt 1999; EM 11,1 (2003) 436�443 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 93, 94; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 109a(2), 127(3), 171; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, Nos. 853, 860A*; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff.; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 39ff., Andersen/Perlet 1996 II, No. 42; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 397ff., 405; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 452ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2, Hoffmann 1973; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 13; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. K1331, Pires/Lages 1992, No. 7, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968, Hoffmann 1973; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 167; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 278f., II 1, 321f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1968a, No. 29, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 860A*; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 853, 860A*; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; US-American: Baughman 1966, Randolph 1976, 20f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 853**B; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 55; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 26; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 860A*.","(Including the previous Type 860A*.) A princess is offered in marriage to any man who outwits her in repartee [H507.1]. On the way to the contest the youngest of three brothers (stupid boy, suitor) picks up rubbish: a dead crow, an egg, and other objects. The (two) elder brothers fail in talking to the princess. The youngest brother, by producing these objects at the proper time, is able to give an eloquent (often obscene) answer to each of the princess' questions [H507.1.0.1]. He wins her as his bride. In some variants he is imprisoned and escapes by means of his magic tablecloth [D1395.2], magic purse [D1395.3] and magic fiddle [D1415.2.5]. He uses his magic fiddle to capture the princess and will release her only if she says, 'No' to all his questions [K1331, Type 853A]. By this means he wins her to his desires and marries her [L161].",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 570, 571, 850, and 852."
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,853A,'No,"B�dker 1954; Legman 1968f. I, 216; EM 11,1 (2003) 436�443 (C. Goldberg).","Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 233f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 11, Kooi 1985f., No. 5; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 66, Heckscher/Simon 1980ff. II,1, 283; Austrian: cf. Zaunert 1926, 264ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 278f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 187; Russian: Hoffmann 1973; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 43; Iraqi: Campbell 1952, 11ff.; US-American: Randolph 1949, No. 385; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 50; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967.","' A king with a daughter of a marriageable age is told about the conversation of three of his officers (suitors, young men, soldiers). One says that he intends to love the queen, another wants to sleep with the princess, the third wants gold. The first gets nothing, the third receives the gold. Then the king advises his daughter that she must answer all the questions of the second suitor (suitors who wanted to sleep with the princess) with 'No'. By a clever framing of his questions the suitor overcomes her resistance and marries her (the princess agrees to the suitor's question by saying 'No') [K1331]. Cf. Types 851, 853.",NA,"851, 853."
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,854,The Golden Ram,"K�hler/Bolte 1896, 166 No. 68; BP I, 446f., II, 49; Schwarzbaum 1968, 274; Wetzel 1974, 103f.; EM 2 (1979) 561�565 (K. Ranke); Scherf 1995 I, 480�483, II, 1263�1266, 1289�1291; Hansen 2002, 169�176.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 95, 96; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 172; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. *854A, 860A*; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 156ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 15; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 854, 860A*, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, Nos. 38, 42, De Simone 1994, No. 92; Maltese: Stumme 1904, No. 27, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 347f., Hor�k 1971, 170ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 306; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *860A**; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 6, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 201; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XXI, No. 860A*; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 56; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 27; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Spitta-Bey 1883, No. 5, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 51, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Schild 1975, No. 46; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A young man (soldier) writes on a wall (states), 'Money is all powerful' ('With money one can even win the princess'). The king is provoked and sets what he believes to be an impossible task. The young man receives as much money as he wants, but within a certain time he has to seduce (find) the princess [H322]. If he fails he will be condemned to death. The princess is hidden in a secret place (tower, room under earth, island, secret room, iron palace at the bottom of the sea) and guarded. The young man demands a hollow golden (silver, copper) animal statue (ram, goat, lion, deer, elephant, ox, horse, dancing bear, bird, eagle) and hides inside it [K1341.1]. The king buys the statue (which can play music) and installs it in his daughter's room as entertainment. At night the youth steals out of the statue and amuses himself with the princess. When the statue is damaged it has to be sent for repair, and the youth comes out. Having won the contest the youth may now marry the princess (after she has become pregnant or has given birth to his child). In some variants a king offers his daughter to whoever is able to find her. Three sons of a merchant travel and reach the town where the contest is held. Two of them fail to find the princess and are killed. The third, on the advice of an old woman, orders a hollow golden animal, inside of which he is carried into the secret hiding place of the princess. When the statue is damaged it is taken back. In this way the suitor comes out again and is able to describe the way to the princess' hiding place (to show a token) to the king. Or, the suitor has to recognize the princess among several similar looking girls or animals; the princess helps him by giving a sign [H161, H161.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,855,The Substitute Bridegroom,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. H11; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. M341.1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. M341.1; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: Zelenin 1915, 528ff., Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 104; Cheremis/Mari: etkarev 1956, No. 22; Kalmyk: cf. Dimbinov 1962, No. 9; Buryat: Lrincz 1979; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; US-American: Dorson 1964, 126f.","A handsome youth is hired to take the place of a one-eyed (crippled) prince (merchant's son) at the latter's wedding. The bride falls in love with the youth and refuses the one-eyed prince [K19.5.3]. In some variants the young man escapes with the bride. Or, the one-eyed prince is tested. He cannot remember the conversation between the bride and the youth on the preceding night [H17]. Sometimes the bride searches for the young man and eventually finds him. She gives alms to all passers-by [H11.1.1], until eventually she recognizes her husband. In other variants the bride offers a reward to all those who tell her a story. The young man appears and tells his story [H11]. Or, the youth has left his name (a verse) with the bride. In numerous variants it is predicted that the young man will die at the age of twelve (sixteen) [M341.1] but he outwits this fate. Cf. Types 870, 934.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,856,The Man with Four Wives (previously The Girl Elopes With the Wrong Man),,"Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Icelandic: cf. Boberg 1966, No. K1371.1; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 217 (2); Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Uighur: Kabirov/Schachmatov 1959, 107ff.; Azerbaijan: Hermann/Schwind 1951, 26ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 493ff.; Tadzhik: Levin 1986, No. 16; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 24; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 31; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 49.","A youth is driven away by his father when he states that he will marry four wives [M373]. While acting as a servant, the youth pretends to be unable to read [K1816.0.3]. He is given a message and learns that the princess intends to elope with the son of a court official [K1317.9]. He informs the court official who locks up his son. The youth takes his place and elopes with the princess [K1371.1, N318.2]. At daybreak the princess realizes she cannot return to her parents. The young man is bitten by a snake and restored to life [E0] by a girl whom he marries. In the form of a parrot [D638.1, T33] he is bought by another princess, whom he marries as well. Forced to flee, he hides in the house of a rich merchant and marries his daughter. Finally he returns to his father with his four wives. Cf. Type 725.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,857,The Louse-Skin,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 92f., 389�391; BP III, 483�486; Anderson 1927ff. III, No. 92; Swahn 1985, 137; Scherf 1995 I, 326�330; EM 8 (1996) 795�801(I. K�hler-Z�lch); R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 474.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 115; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 67a(2,4), 70(6), 127(2), 140; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 16; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 39, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 85b; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 45; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 87; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 323f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 194, 231; Slovene: Nedeljko 1884ff. IV, 19ff.; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 27; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *621A; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 48, Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, 148ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, Nos. 621, 621A*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 152 III, 153 III, 212 III; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 226, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 117; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 164, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 115, 407 No. 196; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 39; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004.","A louse that has been found on a princess (king) is fattened to an enormous size (becomes as big as a sheep, calf, ox) [B873.1, F983.2; cf. Type 1960M] and slaughtered. The king (princess, queen) displays the skin in public (has a dress, shoes, gloves made from it; has a chair or drum covered with it; has the louse's meat prepared) and announces, that whoever guesses the kind of animal the skin belongs to [H522.1.1] will receive half of the kingdom and also the princess in marriage [H511]. A (disguised) monster (real or false beggar, shepherd, animal, disguised robber, devil, cannibal ogre), who learns the secret by trickery [H573.3], guesses correctly and wins the princess. (Previously Type 621.) In some variants the princess is rescued from the monster's power. She escapes with a magic flight (with the assistance of supernatural or skillful helpers).","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,5).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 653, 900, and also 311, 425, 513A, and 570."
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,859,The Penniless Bridegroom Pretends to Wealth [K1917],"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 77f. No. 22, VI, 81f. No. 250; BP II, 203f., III, 332; EM 2 (1979) 762�764 (E. Moser-Rath); R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1241�1243 (S. Dinslage).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 118�121; Latvian: Ambainis 1979, No. 126; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 859C; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 54, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Nos. 859B, 859C; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 859B; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 407, 408, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 859, 859C, 859D; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 859, 859A, 859D; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 280, Zender 1935, No. 68, Ruppel/H�ger 1952, 64f., Uther 1990a, No. 37, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 84; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, Nos. 250, 251; Rumanian: Kremnitz 1882, No. 16; Russian: SUS, Nos. 859E*�859G*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 144, 199 (2�4), cf. No. 234; Jewish: cf. Jason 1965, No. 859*E, cf. Noy 1968, No. 58, Jason 1975, No. 859, cf. No. 859*E, cf. Jason 1988a, No. 859*E; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 126; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 859, 859F�; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 859F�, 881**<; Iraqi, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, No. 859E�; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K1917; African American: Baughman 1966, No. 859D, Burrison 1989, 47; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 859, 859E�, 859F�; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 859, 881**; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 859E�.","(Including the previous Types 859A' 859D and 881**.) A penniless suitor pretends to be wealthy by boasting and manages to marry the daughter of a rich man. Cf. Types 545D*, 1455, 1459**, 1590, and 1688. This tale exists chiefly in five different forms: (1) A rich man wants to marry his daughter only to a rich man. A poor suitor (sometimes two) pretends to be rich by disguising himself and telling lies to the girl's father. When the father is ready to marry him to his daughter the suitor burns a wooden tower and pretends that all his riches have vanished in the fire. Sometimes the bride exposes him by visiting him incognito in his home. (2) After the marriage the bridegroom takes his bride to show her his land. He puts on soiled (patched) clothes. When she looks at the land he points to a patch in his jacket (trousers) saying, 'This patch is mine!' [K1917.1]. (Often combined with [3]). (Previously Type 859A.) (3) An uncle wants a wife for his nephew. He gives the boy a coin and food to hold while he makes the arrangement. He tells the girl's father that his nephew has money in his hand and plenty to eat. So he wins the girl [K1917.2]. (Often combined with [2]). (Previously Type 859B.) (4) When a servant boasts that his house has 150 lights and a goat-pen, his master marries his daughter to him. Arriving at his home they realize that the lights are the stars shining through the cracks in the roof and one goat is tied to a tree [K1917.4]. (Previously Type 859C.) (5) A suitor touches his whiskers saying, 'All of these are mine!', whereupon the girl thinks he is referring to the fields and livestock which they are riding past [K1917.7]. (Previously Type 859D.)",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,860,"Nuts of 'Ay ay ay!' A princess is offered to any man who can bring a glass containing all kinds of water, a bouquet of all the flowers, and nuts of ay, ay, ay! A suitor brings seawater, a beehive, and hazelnuts with thorns so that the king cries, 'Ay, ay, ay!' [H1377","Schwarzbaum 1968, 394.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 396, Cardigos (forthcoming); Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 860*; Jewish: Jason 1965, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 41; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 108; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 860C; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 269; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","1, H1377.2, H1377.3].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,860A*,See Type 853,NA,NA,,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,860B*,The Abducted Wife (previously The Stolen Woman),,"Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *860B***; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.",A merchant abducts another man's wife (builds an underground passage to her home). Her sons and the husband search for her. After a series of adventures they find her. The abductor is punished (escapes).,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,861,Sleeping at the Rendezvous,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 144f. No. 71, 213, VI, 178 No. 339; BP II, 345f.; Wesselski 1925, No. 61; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 558; El-Shamy 1999, No. 29; EM 11,2 (2004) 570�574 (C. Goldberg); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 41, 401.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 157ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); French: Soupault 1959, No. 6; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 48; Greek: Dawkins 1916, 432f.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 222; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 516A, Jason 1975, Nos. 516A, 861, Jason 1988a, Nos. 516A, 861; Adygea: Levin 1978, No. 46; Azerbaijan: Hermann/Schwind 1951, 13ff.; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, No. 4; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 152; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 181, 363, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 516A, 861; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 516A, 861; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 2, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. 516A, 861; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. III, No. 492; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 291; Japanese: Seki 1963, Nos. 198, 199, Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, No. 14, Nowak 1969, Nos. 68, 363, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 363; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 516A.) A married (unmarried) man falls in love with a beautiful woman (princess), who makes signs or gives gifts to him [H607.3]. His wife (another helper) tells him that the signs show where the beautiful woman lives. He arranges to meet her but arrives too early and falls asleep [D1972]. She does not wake him but leaves a token. A later meeting is successful. The adulterous couple is caught and taken to prison. The man sends word to his wife (sister, servant, old woman). She visits him in prison and changes clothing with the beautiful woman (husband), who goes out of the prison [K1814.2], leaving the married couple (two women) behind. The prisoners are set free because there is now no evidence of a crime.",Early literary version in the Indian ukasaptati (No. 19).,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,861A,Abduction at the Rendezvous,"Pino Saavedra 1968; EM 11,2 (2004) (C. Goldberg).","Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. T92.4; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. III, No. 240; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 71; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1927, 292; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 132, Pino Saavedra 1987, No. 54.","A prince (gardener, orphan) falls in love with the image of a beautiful woman [T11.2] and goes to seek her. He is secretly admitted to her room, and the two of them plan to elope together. However, the prince falls asleep and misses their appointment. Another man comes and runs away with the beautiful woman. She escapes from her abductor and, disguised as a man [K1837], finds employment. She relates her life story and through this the villain is discovered. He is put to death and the beautiful woman marries the prince.","Cf. Novellino, Cento novelle antiche (No. 99).",NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,862,'He that Asketh Shall Receive,"Hammer-Purgstall 1813, No. 112; BP II, 417; EM 2 (1979) 428�432 (U. Masing).","Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 135; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Russian: SUS.","' A hermit wants to prove the truth of the following verse of the Bible (Matthew 7,7), 'He that asks shall receive; he that searches shall find; he that knocks shall be admitted.' He asks to marry the ruler's daughter, and his demand is accepted on the condition that he will fulfill a difficult task. He returns to his cell where he meets the devil (imprisoned). He lures the devil into a water jug (glass, bottle), forces him to give him the requisite objects (jewel, a lost mug, key to hell, pearls, gold), and hands them over to the ruler. Then he lures the devil back into captivity (jug, glass, bottle). He tells the ruler about his intention and renounces the princess (marries her) [V316.1]. Cf. Type 331.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,863,Baking Pancakes,"Dekker et al. 1997, 61�63 (J. van der Kooi).","French: Ranke 1972, No. 143; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 864*, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 45; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1452; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, 186�188.","A greedy king proclaims a competition to choose the best suitor for his daughter. Three kings' sons apply and are told to bake pancakes. The first tosses a pancake in the air, where it turns over three times before he catches it in the pan. The second tosses it up the chimney and runs outside to catch it. The third lets the pancake cook until it becomes brown, turns it over, and cooks the other side. He is declared to be the best suitor.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Man Marries The Princess 850-869,NA,864,The Falcon of Sir Federigo,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 49f.; B�dier 1925, 153f.; Wesselski 1936, 192�197; Imberty 1974; P�tters 1991; M�rz 1995; EM 10 (2002) 120f.",NA,"The nobleman Federigo Alberighi loves a woman, Monna Giovanna, who does not return his love. He spends all his wealth to woo her until only his falcon is left, which one of the best of its kind. When the lady's sick son wants the falcon she goes to ask for it. In order to gain her favor, Federigo, not owning anything anymore, serves her unwittingly his precious falcon to eat. When she makes her request it is too late. Nevertheless she is impressed by his generous attitude, changes her mind, and choses him as her husband [N345].","Important literary versions see Boccaccio, Decamerone (V,9) and La Fontaine, Contes (III,5).",NA
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,900,King Thrushbeard,"BP I, 443�449; Philippson 1923; Krohn 1931a, 144�149; HDM 2 (1934�40) 569f. (H. Honti); Roberts 1964, 59�61; Moser 1971; Bottigheimer 1987, 117, 119, 121f., 168, 184; Bluhm 1995, 32�34, 59�76; Scherf 1995 I, 695�699, 742�744, II, 1063�1065, 1076f.; EM 8 (1996) 148�156 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); Dekker et al. 1997, 194�198; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 1118f; M�ller 2002.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 117, 118; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 180; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 53; Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 158; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 1, Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 58ff., Holbek 1990, No. 31, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 53; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 77f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 141, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 916; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 52, cf. Grubm�ller 1996, No. 9; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 45; Ladinian: Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 126; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 16; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 351ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 85, 194, 282, II, Nos. 392, 437, 539; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 181ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 190, not. A (a, d); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 92; Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 158ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 63; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 70; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 92, El-Shamy 2004; Congolese: Klipple 1992, 263f.","A princess refuses all (one) who come to her as suitors [H311] without giving a reason. She ridicules them and calls them ugly names (Thrushbeard) [T74.0.1, T76]. Her father, angry at this behavior, decides that she has to marry the next man who comes [T62], even if he is a beggar. The last rejected wooer decides to take revenge. He appears disguised as a beggar [K1816.0.3, K1817.1] (in arrangement with her father) and the princess is forced into marriage [T72.2.1] (the beggar purchases the right to spend three nights with her [T45, K1361]; she becomes pregnant). The couple runs away (is banished by the king). On the way the prince in disguise humilates his new wife. She has to beg and sell in the marketplace, she has to work in the kitchen of his own castle and he even forces her to steal [L113.1.0.1, L431, H465, Q483, H461, T251.2]. During a celebration (supposedly the wedding of the once rejected prince) he, in his true character as prince, exposes her as a thief before all the people at court. Only then does he reveal himself to her as her beggar husband [H181]. He forgives her for her haughtiness and their official wedding is celebrated. Cf. Type 900C*.","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (IV,10).","513A, 850, 851, and 857."
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,900C*,The Half-Pear,"Wlislocki 1888; Wolff 1893; BP I, 445, 446 not. 1; Wesselski 1925, No. 26; EM 2 (1979) 421�425 (K. Ranke); Uther 1981, 92�94, 96; Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 404f. (N. R. Wolf).","Portuguese: cf. Soromenho/Soromenho 1984 II, Nos. 607, 608, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 1545*C; German: Jahn 1890, 10ff.","A princess is to be married to whoever wins a tournament. She mocks a knight who eats half a pear without peeling it (and without offering her the other half) calling him, 'Knight of the half-pear'. He disguises himself as a deaf-mute fool and lies down before the palace. He is invited to sit at the fireplace inside the palace. When his penis becomes erect he is summoned by the princess and has sexual intercourse with her. The next day he is thrown out and returns to the tournament in his former knight's dress where he alludes clearly to the night's events. He marries the embarrassed princess. Cf. Type 900.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,901,Taming of the Shrew,"Simrock 1870 I, 327�354; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 157 No. 35; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 137, III, 40�44; Philippson 1923; Tubach 1969, No. 4354; Frosch-Freiburg 1971, 87�95; Schwarzbaum 1979, 406; Ranelagh 1979, 160f.; Tekinay 1980, 199�201; Baumann 1984; Brauner 1991; Brunvand 1991; Dekker et al. 1997, 145�147; R�th 1998; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 1473�1475 (U. Bichel); EM: Z�hmung der Widerspenstigen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 119; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 181; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 101, III, No. 21, Holbek 1990, No. 32; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. N12; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. N12, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 432, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; German: Meyer 1932, Ranke 1955ff. III, cf. Roth 1977, No. D22, Moser-Rath 1984, 105, 108f., 115, 285, 289f., 290; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 45; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. X, 612 No. 3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1366B*; Slovene: Kropej 1995, 190f.; Rumanian: cf. Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 5118, 5154; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: cf. Loukatos 1957, 277f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 336; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Burrison 1989, 182f.; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 2.3.901.","A man marries the youngest of three sisters, who is strongminded and shrewish [L50]. In order to demonstrate how he punishes disobedience, he shoots his dog and his horse when they do not obey his (nonsensical) orders. He brings his wife to submission [T251.2]. In a wager with his brothers about which has the most obedient wife (sisters-in-law) it becomes evident that only his wife is truly obedient. He wins the bet [H386, N12]. Cf. Type 1370.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Juan Manuel, Conde Lucanor (No. 35). Popular dramatic version see Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew.","901B*, 1370."
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,901B*,Who Works Not Eats Not,Cf. EM 4 (1984) 471�475 (J. R. Kl�ma); EM 5 (1987) 145.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 901B*, 1370A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 1370A*; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1370A*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 70, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 901B*, 1370A*; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1370A*; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 164; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 52; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5151; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 901B*, 1370A*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 901B*, 1370A*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 304; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. 1370A*; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 227; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 1370A*; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 901B*, 1370A*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 1370A*; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 4; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 64; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. J1013�.","(Including the previous Type 1370A*.) A lazy wife (daughter, daughter-in-law) learns (is forced) to work by the measures taken by her husband (father, father-in-law). She gets something to eat only after she has finished her work. Cf. Types 1370, 1453, and 1560.","See the verse from the Bible (2. Thess. 3,10: �For when we were with you, we gave you this rule: �If a man will not work, he shall not eat��). Cf. Luke X,7 and Matthew X,10.",901.
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,902*,The Lazy Woman is Cured,EM 5 (1987) 144�148 (H.-J. Uther).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 120, 121, VI, No. 63; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 902*, 1371**; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 160, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 440, Cardigos (forthcoming); Austrian: cf. Zaunert 1926, 322ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 902*, 1371**; Hungarian: MNK VII A, No. 1371**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 413; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, No. 124, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 326; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 248f.; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 167, 168, Eschker 1992, No. 107; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, 132ff., 216, cf. Eschker 1972, No. 64; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 III, 209ff., 498f., Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5155; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 1371**; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 62; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 902, Simonides 1979, Nos. 4, 5, 168; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 902*, 1371**; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 1371**; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, Nos. 902*, 1371**; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 902A, Q495.1; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1371**.) A lazy woman does not perform her household work (she deceives her husband by pretending to have finished it). She always shows her husband the same spool of thread, until one day she has only one dirty (no) dress left. Her husband takes her (naked) enveloped in a bundle of straw (animal skin) to a wedding (festivity) [Q495.1]. The bundle (animal skin) falls apart and the woman stands naked before the public [Q495]. Thus she is cured of her laziness and becomes industrious from then on. In some variants the woman wears a very dirty dress or is naked. When she sees her husband coming back from the market, she thinks he is bringing a new shirt for her, but instead of a shirt he is carrying a white goose in his arms [W111.3.1]. (Previously Type 1371**.) Cf. Types 1370, 1405, 1453.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,903A*,Quick-tempered Maiden finds a man equally quick-tempered,,"Lithuanian: Aleksynas 1974, No. 143; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 60; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 163; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 903*; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 554ff.; Syrian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",Miscellaneous Type.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,903C*,Mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law,Cf. EM: Schwiegereltern (forthcoming).,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Bogdanovi 1930, No. 50; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 17; Bosnian: Krauss 1914, 272ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 902; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 60; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 251, 370; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, Haboucha 1992; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *1407B; Egyptian, Tunisian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",The bad mother-in-law who lets her daughter-in-law go hungry is punished (the voice of a hidden clergyman threatens her with the devil [K1771]). She reforms.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Obstinate Wife Learns To Obey 900-909,NA,905A*,The Wicked Queen Reformed by Whipping by a Cobbler,EM: Vertauschung schlafender Ehepaare (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 122; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; German: Toeppen 1867, 165f., Zenker-Starzacher 1941, 77ff.; Italian: Busk 1874, 348ff.; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 184ff., Jech 1961, No. 42; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 16; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 757A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 905A**.","While asleep, the wicked queen is made to exchange places (by an angel, magician, ordinary man) with the humble cobbler's wife (who is always beaten by her husband). When the queen wakes up, she thinks herself in hell. The cobbler reforms her by his whippings and from then on she obeys her husband [T251.2.4]. Cf. Type 1367.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,780,The Singing Bone,"Child 1882ff. I, 121�135, 494, IV, 449; K�hler et al. 1894, 79�98; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 49; Singer 1903f. II, 139�148; BP I, 260�276; Mackensen 1923; HDA 7 (1935/36) 1572�1577; Brewster 1953; Schmidt 1963, 48�54, 368f.; Just 1991, 159�208; Scherf 1995 II, 1118�1121, cf. 1305�1307; W�rzbach/Salz 1995, 75f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 430�432; Baumann 1998a, 21�37; Schmidt 1999; EM: Singender Knochen (forthcoming).","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: B�dker/H�llen 1966, 176ff.; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 152f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 448ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. F942; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Karlinger/Ehrgott 1968, No. 10, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 211, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 101; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. D4, Tomkowiak 1993, 258, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 28, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 3, Berger 2001; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 14, M�ller et al. 1926ff. I, No. 98, 99; Austrian: Vernaleken 1858, 325f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 181f; Slovene: Kotnik 1924f. II, 43ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 734; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 780, 780*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 60 IV, 241; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 55, Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 721*; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 23; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 106, 136; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; French-American: Lacourci�re 1976; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Uruguayan, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 44, 48; North African, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3067, Kohl-Larsen 1967, 83ff., Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3070; Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 984.","A brother (sister) kills his (her) brother (sister) and buries him (her) in the earth. From the bones a shepherd makes an instrument (harp, violin, flute) which brings the secret to light [E632, D1610.34, N271]. Or the murder is revealed by a (speaking [D1610.2]) tree growing from the grave [E631, E632]. Cf. Type 720.",NA,"303, 408, 550, 551, and 720."
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,780B,The Speaking Hair,"BP I, 187.","Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Karlinger/Ehrgott 1968, No. 10, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 40, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: �r�mkov�/Sirov�tka 1990, 15ff.; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 I, 571, III, 414f.; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 49, 50; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A stepmother buries a girl alive under a tree (kills her daughter). Her hair grows as wheat or as a bush and sings about her misfortunes [E631, D16102.2]. Thus she is discovered and rescued. The stepmother is buried in the same hole [Q581].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,780C,The Tell-tale Calf's Head,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 VI, No. 174; Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 146 No. 425; BP I, 276, II, 535.","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 82, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Rehermann 1977, 140, 345, 470, 479, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 383; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 353; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 781*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, 414; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 37; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 310, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A murderer buys a calf's (sheep's) head. On his way home blood drops out of the head. When the officials find him, the calf's head turns into the head of the man whom he had murdered [Q551.3.3]. Cf. Types 960, 960B.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,781,The Princess who Murdered her Child,EM 7 (1993) 1364; Schmidt 1999.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 74, II, No. 35; Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 67; Danish: cf. Levinsen/B�dker 1958, No. 13; English: cf. Briggs 1970f. B II, 768f.; Slovene: Tomai 1944, 161ff.; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; East African: Klipple 1992, No. 781*; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 1138, 1139; South African: Klipple 1992, No. 981*.","A queen (princess, stepmother, father) kills her child. A young man learns bird language [B131.1, B215]. A bird (dove) sings, 'The bones lie under the tree' [N271.4]. (The dead child is found, the murderer killed [Q211.4].) Cf. Types 517, 720.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,782,Midas and the Donkey's Ears,"Wickram/Bolte 1903 VIII, 92�96; Basset 1924ff. II, 258 No. 34; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 397; Anderson 1954, 215ff., Brednich 1964a, 152f.; Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967, 301�341; Tubach 1969, No. 293; � Briain 1991, 83�113; Dekker et al. 1997, 198�201; EM 9 (1999) 633�641 (M. Bo�kovi-Stulli); Thiel 2000; Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 491f. (M. Kern).","Latvian: �mits 1962ff., No. 9; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 50, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. III, 50f.; German: Grimm DS/Kindermann-Bieri 1993 III, No. 104; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 410; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 39, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 11, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 365; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 44; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 213; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1965, No. 35, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 242; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 40; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 33; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 50; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 400f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 48; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Htin Aung 1954, 171f.; Tibetian: Kassis 1962, 33ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 84; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 43; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 94; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 51; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 18; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 8, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, 354f.; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1140; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.5.782.","Midas (a nameless emperor), disgusted with his riches, has retired to the forest. Without being asked he intervenes in the judgment of a musical challenge between Pan and Apollo in favour of Pan. As punishment Apollo gives him donkey's ears [F511.2.2] (horse's, sheep's or goat's ears). Midas hides them under a crown. His barber (cossack, his foster-brother) cannot keep the secret [N465], so he digs a hole, whispers the secret into it, and covers the hole up again. But a reed growing there (a musical instrument made from the reed) gives the secret away [D1316.5, D1610.34]. Cf. Type 775.","Classical origin: Ovid, Metamorphoses (XI,174�193).",NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,785,Lamb's Heart (previously Who Ate the Lamb's Heart),"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 100f. 112; Montanus/Bolte 1899, 562�565; BP II, 149�163; Basset 1924ff. III, 180 No. 112; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 57; HDM 2 (1934�40) 612�614 (H. Honti); Besthorn 1935, 108�110; Bausinger 1967, 118�136; Schwarzbaum 1968, 7f., 82, 95, 139, 391f., 442; Tubach 1969, No. 3295, cf. No. 717; Schwarzbaum 1979, xxxi, Nos. 30, 509, 510 not. 29, 511 not. 32; cf. Dicke/Grubm�ller 1987, No. 281; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1208; EM 8 (1996) 743�747 (C. Schmitt); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 36; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 163(1); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 142; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Wotian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 149, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 101; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 274, Ranke 1955ff. III, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 46, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 81, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 33b; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 2001, 291; Czech: Jech 1984, Nos. 19, 52/II; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 549, 573; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4998; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 785, cf. No. 785A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 1208; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Namibian: Schmidt 1991, No. 22.","While traveling on earth [K1811] God (Christ, St. Peter, Nicholas) asks his companion (soldier, beggar, craftsman, clergyman, St. Peter) to prepare a lamb (goat, cow, chicken). The companion secretly eats the lamb's heart (liver, kidney, brain, tongue) and denies having done so. He explains that this sort of animal had no heart [K402]. When God shows his might by various miracles (resuscitation, healing), the man still does not tell him the truth, but instead tries to imitate God. He fails and is condemned to death. God offers his help, but the deceiver prefers to die rather than to yield. Nevertheless God rescues him. Later God divides a treasure into three parts. The third part is to go to the one who ate the heart, whereupon the companion confesses that it was he who ate it [J1141.1.1]. Cf. Types 52, 753, and 753A.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 330, 753, 753A, and also 752A, 791, and 1157."
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,785A,The Goose with One Leg,"ZfVk. 5 (1895) 63, 6 (1896) 127; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 77; Wesselski 1911 I, No. 75; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 57; HDM 2 (1934�40) 614; Spies 1951; Schwarzbaum 1968, 139, 466; EM 3 (1981) 1203�1207 (H.-J. Uther); Uther 1995b.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. IV (forthcoming); Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Childers 1948, No. K402.1, Chevalier 1983, No. 50, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 54, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Knoop 1905, No. 505, Wossidlo 1910, 195, Peuckert 1959, No. 191, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 105; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Gy�rgy 1934, No. 65, Hungarian: MNK III, Nos. 785A, 785A1; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 572; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 153; Rumanian: Ure 1960, 16f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 63f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 1659; Sorbian: Nedo 1957, 31; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 785A1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K402.1; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 79; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, No. 19; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 508; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 1635.14.","A servant (cook, St. Peter) is asked by his master (Christ) to prepare a goose (crane, chicken). The servant eats one leg and maintains that the goose had only one leg (all cranes generally have only one leg). He enforces his point by showing geese who stand on one leg. The master refutes his servant's assertion by shooting away the geese so that they use both legs [K402.1]. The servant replies that if he had frightened the roasted goose in the same way, it would have showed its second leg as well.",NA,"759, 785."
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,788,The Man who Was Burned Up and Lived Again,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, No. 36; Matietov 1961; Moser 1980, 139�160; EM: Wiedergeburt des verbrannten Heiligen (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, 241 No. 37; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 115, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 451f.; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 4 (1859); Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 166; Greek: Laogr�phia 20 (1962) 321ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1.","(Including the previous Type 791*.) A man (hermit, saint, angel) has committed a sin and is burned (is told by an angel to burn himself). A part of his body (heart) is carried away by Christ (God, twelve apostles, St. Peter, beggar, monk, girl, mother of the dead man), and from contact with it a woman conceives and bears a child. Or, a hunter finds the hermit's heart in the ashes and takes it home, telling his daughter to prepare it for him. The daughter (his sister, girl) instead eats it herself and becomes pregnant from it. The newborn child can walk, talk, prophesy, can do magic things and has supernatural powers. It is the reborn hero (hermit).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,790*,St,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 323f., 477, 479.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 38; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 51; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 27; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 790; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 20.","George Teaches the Poor Man. 'Whoever steals a little and lies a little will become rich.' [J556.1]. Russian variant: St. George teaches a poor man (Nesterka, Gypsy) how to become rich: one has to steal and to lie. Thereupon the poor man steals a golden stirrup (saddle, goblet) from him and denies the theft.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,791,Christ and St,"BP I, 499f., III, 450�455; Schwarzbaum 1968, 29, 138, 405, 445; EM 2 (1979) 268�270 (H. Lixfeld), 1437�1440 (H. Lixfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 15, 39; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I,1, Nos. 155.1, 155.3, 156; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 142; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 40, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 100ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 143, 144, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, Nos. 111, 190; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962, 101; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 854(2), Walker 1933, No. 73; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 273, Ranke 1955ff. III, Peuckert 1959, No. 212, Moser-Rath 1966, No. 14, Neumann 1968a, No. 133, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 158; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 14, Uffer 1955, 65ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK III, Nos. 791, 7911�7914; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 577ff., 586f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 139, cf. Nos. 153, 257, II, No. 429; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 74 (1940) 14; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 113, Eschker 1992, No. 91; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 33, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 8, Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 4; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 488ff., III, 461, Stroescu 1969 II, No. 5536; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 791, *791A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Bloch 1931, 193; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 143, MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 52.","Peter in Night-Lodgings (previously The Saviour and St. Peter in Night-Lodgings). A host gives shelter to St. Peter and Christ, who must sleep in the same bed. In the night the (drunken) host beats St. Peter (for various reasons). St. Peter changes places with Christ. The host then comes to beat the other lodger, and St. Peter again suffers the blows [K1132]. Cf. Type 752A.",NA,"822, 752, and 752A."
Religious Tales,The Truth Comes To Light 780-799,NA,798,Woman Created from a Monkey's Tail,"Bolte 1901a, 255; D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 114�127; EM 1 (1977) 92, 138; EM 5 (1987) 121f.; Fromm 1999.","Finnish: Aarne 1920, No. 11; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 10; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 17; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, Nos. 36ff., 52, 65; French: Marelle 1888, 9f.; Catalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 102, 103, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Moser-Rath 1978, 47f.; Moser-Rath 1984, 102f.; Mexican: Rael 1957 I, Nos. 415, 416; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **798.","When God intends to create Eve from Adam's rib a monkey (devil, dog, cat, fox) steals it. God pursues the monkey (sends an angel to catch it) and catches its tail. The tail tears off, God holds it in his hand and creates Eve from the monkey's tail (devil's, dog's, cat's, fox's tail) [A1224.3]).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,870,The Princess Confined in the Mound,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 43ff. No. 18; BP III, 443�450; Wesselski 1925, No. 15; Liungman 1925; Wesselski 1931, 149f.; Boberg 1955, 12; Marold 1968; L�thi 1969a, 56�69; cf. EM 2 (1979) 925�940 (H. Hor�lek); Scherf 1995 I, 487�491, 650�653, 740�742; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1336�1341 (M. C. Maennersdoerfer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 97; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 173; Estonian: cf. Aarne 1918, No. 888*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, Nos. 5, 308; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 870, cf. No. 870C*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: cf. Espinosa 1988, No. 227; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 210, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 317; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 198; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 253; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 42, cf. Laogr�phia 16,2 (1957) 390�394; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 227, Spies 1967, No. 8; Jewish: Jason 1975; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 144; Tibetian: Hoffmann 1965, No. 38; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 870C*; Chinese: cf. Levin 1986, No. 18; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 25, XI, No. 22; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, Nos. 142, 143; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 870, 870C*; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 870C* and 888*.) Because of her faithfulness to her betrothed (separation of the lovers by a quarrel or a war), a princess (along with her maidservant, sister) is confined by her father in an underground prison (cave, hollow hill, cellar, tower) [R45]. After many (seven) years she escapes [R211] and enters service in the king's (father of her lover) castle [K1816.0.2, K1831] (without being recognized). She finds her lover about to marry another (witch, pregnant woman). (She works as lady's maid for the prince's new bride.) In order to conceal the pregnancy [K1843.1] (because of the hideousness or sickness of the bride) the heroine is asked to take her place on wedding day. On the way to the church she talks to her horse [H13.1], to the bridge, and to the church-door [H13.2], and thus reminds the prince of his first love. After the wedding he gives her different objects or she loses things which the second bride had given to her (glove, muffler, necklace, ring, belt) [H151.5]. The prince picks everything up. When in the evening the prince tests his wife's identity by demanding that she repeat their conversation on the way to church [H15.1] she cannot recall it without consulting the maidservant. When he demands to see the necklace [H92] (when he asks for the objects he had collected), the truth comes to light. He sends the second woman away and marries his faithful princess [K1911.3]. Cf. Types 403, 533, and 870A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,870A,The Goose-Girl (Neighbor's Daughter) as Suitor (previously The Little Goose-Girl),"Arfert 1897, 39�48; BP III, 449f.; Liungman 1925, 1�40; Scherf 1995 I, 220f.; EM 5 (1987) 686�691 (I. K�hler-Z�lch).","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Stroebe 1915 I, No. 20; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 196; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 39 No. 7; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 44, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 225, 227; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 75, Jason 1965; Palestinian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A poor girl (neighbor's girl) is determined to marry a prince [T55], who thinks this is an absurd idea. In vain he tries to make her understand that her plans are senseless. When he is about to marry a bride in accordance with his rank, the poor girl takes the place of his new bride in the marriage bed [K1843.1]. The prince discovers the substitution (by the ornaments given to her [H90] or by a stone indicating chastity [H411.1]), but nevertheless he accepts the poor scorned girl as his wife. Cf. Types 403, 533, 870, 874, and 879. In the oldest variant from the northern area, a goose-girl declares to a prince that she intends to marry him even if he refuses. When the prince finds a bride of his own rank, the goose-girl warns her about a stone which will reveal her past sexual experiences. The bride asks the goose-girl to substitute for her during the wedding night. Nevertheless the stone reveals the truth about the bride's lost virginity and the prince finally accepts the goose-girl as his true bride. In the southern variants, a neighbor's daughter believes (because of a prophecy) that she will marry a bey (shah, prince). When he learns about her idea he mocks her. When he marries a woman of his own rank the neighbor's daughter is asked to substitute for the bride on the wedding night, because the bride had run away (was ugly or was not a virgin). Through special signs he discovers the deception and finally accepts the neighbor's daughter as his legal wife.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,871,Princess and Ogress,,"Norwegian: Kvideland 1972, No. 39; French: cf. Guerreau-Jalabert 1995, No. C611; Portuguese: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 52; German: cf. Oberfeld 1962, No. 36; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 102 IV 4a, 103 (3), 188 III 4, 189 IV 5; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 144.","A princess who looks into a forbidden chamber [C611] sees a man's picture and falls in love [T11.2]. A magician in bird form brings the princess at night to her lover. Once they stay too late. The sun sees them, so that the magician bursts and dies [D567]. The girl, left alone, becomes a servant in the palace, where she is threatened by a cannibal princess [G11.3]. She escapes through a narrow window and goes down a well which leads her to the underworld [F93.0.2.1] where she meets the chief of devils boiling the brains of the ogress princess [D2065.4]. The heroine turns the pot upside down [C325] and returns to the well. The ogress is now normal. As a reward for her good deed the heroine is sent to her lover's house, where she arrives just as he is about to marry another [N681.1]. He recognizes the princess and marries her. Cf. Type 475.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,871*,The Princess Who Goes to Seek Trouble [H1376,,"Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. *871; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 55; Greek: Megas 1988; Russian: SUS; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. I, No. 113; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 466ff.","5]. She loses her way in the forest, hides in a tree. A hunter camps under the tree. His dogs reveal the princess's hiding place, and she is forced to come down. The hunter sleeps by her side, holding her plaits tightly in his hands. By cutting off her hair, the princess, unnoticed, makes her escape [K538]. In Russian variants the hunter pretends to be a sick girl. By ordering the young women to assemble, he recognizes the one who passed the night with him and marries her.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,871A,The Unfaithful Queen,"BP I, 207; Schwarzbaum 1979, 23 not. 18.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 40, II, No. 237, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Klaar 1970, 105ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 94, 204 V, 230 IV 1, 102 IV 4a, 103 (3), 188 III 4, 189 IV 5; Byelorussian: cf. Barag 1966, No. 62; Jewish: Jason 1975, Haboucha 1992; Syrian, Palestinian, Saudi Arabian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1511; Indian: B�dker 1957a, No. 216, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 1511, Jason 1989, No. 1511; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XXI, No. 17; Egyptian, Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 211, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1511.) A woman goes to a king's garden (underworld) and sees the queen meet a black lover (beggar, cripple) [T232]. She denounces the queen and eventually marries the king. Or a friend of the king (another person) follows her and sees everything. On the order of her lover, the queen murders her husband. When she returns to her lover, he spurns her, saying that she will also murder him when she is tired of him [K2213.2].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,872*,Brother and Sister,El-Shamy 1979.,"Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 31; Greek: Boulenger 1935, 115ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 166 III 5, 167; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 41, Noy 1968, No. 43, Haboucha 1992; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, 67ff.; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 872�; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 27, cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 872A�; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 872�; Moroccan: Kossmann 2000, 110ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 872�.","A brother is married to an evil jealous wife [K2212.2] who slanders his sister [K2112] (accuses her of illicit sexual behavior) and expels her into the woods [S143]. Thanks to the advice of an ogress (water spirit, bird, giant woman) whom she meets there, the sister survives, proves her innocence, and marries a prince [L162].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,873,The King Discovers his Unknown Son,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 72 No. 21 not. 1, VIII, 88f. No. 58; Basset 1924ff. II, 174 No. 80; Vries 1959; Haiding 1964; Ranelagh 1979, 153f.; EM 8 (1996) 171�175 (E. Schoenfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 98; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 6; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Cosquin 1886f. I, No. 3, Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. T645; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, Nos. 93, 108, Martinez 1955, No. T645, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 317; German: B�nker 1906, No. 109; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 873, cf. No. *873**; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 492; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 75, 76, Jason 1965, Nos. 873, 873*A, Jason 1975, Nos. 873, 873*A, Jason 1988a, No. 873*A, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 198, cf. Haboucha 1992, No. **873A; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 22; Armenian: Levin 1982, No. 18, Gullakjan 1990; Dagestan: Levin 1978, No. 2; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 89ff., El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Indonesian: Kratz 1973, No. 2; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 123; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A king (in disguise, unrecognized) leaves a token (ring) with a woman (widow) with whom he has passed the night. If she gives birth to a son she is to give him the token [T645]. The boy, mistreated because he is a bastard, goes to search for his unknown father [H1381.2.2.1.1]. He becomes a baker and has a liaison with a noble girl. The king (his father) orders his execution. Just before the execution the token is discovered and the son is recognized as the son of the king [N731, H80]. The king marries the boy's mother [L162].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,874,The Proud King is Won,EM 8 (1996) 178�180 (H. �zdemir).,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 3; Greek: Megas 1988; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 188; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 86, Assaf/Assaf 1978, No. 5, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 40; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 83, El-Shamy 2004.","A woman (princess, the youngest of three daughters) falls in love with a king (prince) whom she knows only from hearsay. She writes to him (has a letter or message sent by her father). But the king scorns and rejects her. (When she tells him that she weeps for him, he sends her a handkerchief; when she tells him that she intends to hang herself, he sends her a rope; when she threatens to commit suicide, he sends her a knife or dagger.) She takes revenge by humiliating him. She arranges to become one of his slaves. After he falls in love with her, she proves who she is by showing him the objects he had given to her. They are reconciled and marry. Cf. Types 870A, 879, and 891A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,874*,Ariadne's Thread (previously Ariadne-thread Wins the Prince),Salin 1930; HDM 1 (1930�33) 110f. (M. Schuir); HDS (1961�63) 622�624; Eisner 1971; Herberger 1972; EM 1 (1977) 773f. (K. Ranke).,"German: cf. Kuhn 1859, No. 57, cf. Rehermann 1977, 283f. not. 9; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 79, cf. No. 129; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Ure 1960, 19ff.; South American Indian: cf. Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. R121.5.",A king promises his son to whatever woman can find her way through the 1000 rooms in his palace. A poor but clever girl succeeds by unwinding a spool of thread [R121.5.].,"In Greek mythology Theseus finds his way out of the labyrinth by help of a thread that Ariadne had given to him. Rich documentation since the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 63).",NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875,The Clever Farmgirl [J1111,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 117ff. No. 387; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, No. 50, III, No. 16; Vries 1928; BP II, 349�373; Wesselski 1929a; HDM 1 (1930�33) 12, 195�197; Ranke 1934a, 5�21; Wesselski 1937; Hain 1966, 36�42; Schwarzbaum 1968, 47, 90, 295; L�thi 1969b; EM 1 (1977) 79�85 (K. Ranke); EM 1 (1977) 1353�1365 (�. D�m�t�r); Meir 1979; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 1197; Scherf 1995 I, 692�695; Krikmann 1996; Dekker et al. 1997, 327�330; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 464.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 99�101; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 174, 185; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Livonian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 10; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 32; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 176, 177, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 46; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Meyer 1932, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 94, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 44, Haiding 1969, Nos. 61, 62, 101, 155; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 37; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, Nos. 21, 22, De Simone 1994, Nos. 44, 73; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 63, 104; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK IV, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 44; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 173, 204, 258, 294, II, Nos. 470, 484, 512, 537, 541, 543; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 135; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. *873**, 875; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, Nos. 24, 31, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 77a, 77b; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Simonides 1979, Nos. 144, 145; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 192 III, 235, 366 IV, cf. No. 373; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 77, 167, Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 172, 209; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 474, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 468, 474, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. 875, 875I; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 875, 929D, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 198; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 234; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957, Nos. 875, 875**A, **924; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 57; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 36; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 350, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. H1065; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 474, El-Shamy 2004; West African: Klipple 1992; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, No. 93; Eritrean: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. H1053, H1054.1; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","4]. This type combines various introductory episodes with a common main part. Introductions: (1) A king looks for a wife and/or meets a clever girl by chance. (2) The father of the girl finds a golden mortar in a field and, against the advice of his clever daughter, takes it to the king who demands the pestle as well [H561.1.2]. (3) A quarrel between a farmer and a nobleman in court is settled by giving both riddles to be solved [H630'H659]. The daughter of the farmer gives the right answers [H561.1, H583.7, H583.9, H641.1, H631.3, H632, H633, H636, H583.8]. (4) A king finds a girl in a house. When he asks her about her relatives she answers with wit and cleverness. Main part: The clever girl has to perform various tasks set by the king [H373, H712, H1050'H1055, H1057, H1058, H1061'H1065, H1010, H1022.1, H1024.1, H1024.1.1, H1021.6.1, H1021.1, H1023.9, H1023.7, H1023.1, H951, J1191.2, H1152.1, H1185, H601]: she must come to the king neither naked nor clad, neither by horse nor on foot. She should estimate the value of the king's beard or weave a cloth with only a few threads. Or she has to make boiled eggs hatch [J1191.2, H1023.1.1] (cf. Type 821B) or carve a fowl and give appropriate pieces to all members of the family (cf. Type 1533). The king marries the girl [L162] but orders her not to meddle in his affairs. When he settles a dispute between two farmers unjustly, she advises the wronged man to show the king the absurdity of his decision by an equally foolish act [J1191.1]. When the king casts her out and allows her only to take with her the one thing she holds dearest [J1545.4], she takes her sleeping husband with her and thus moves him to forgive her.",The motifs of hatching boiled eggs and of sowing boiled seed probably come from Type 821B.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 875A, 921, 922, and also 821B, 875B, 875D, 875E, 876, 879, 920, 920A, 958, and 1533."
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875*,The Women of Weinsberg,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 383, VI, 242; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 80; Steig 1916, 248; Vries 1928, 278�282; Schwarzbaum 1968, 295; R�hrich 1976, 112f.; Wildermuth 1990; EM: Weiber von Weinsberg (in prep.)","Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 118 No. 1234; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 42, Rehermann 1977, 142f., 306f. No. 55, Moser-Rath 1984, 120, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 493; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 873; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 355.","When Weinsberg is besieged, the king permits the women to leave and to take with them whatever they can carry (whatever is dearest to them [J1545.4]). Each woman carries her (sleeping, drunken) husband out of the city. When the soldiers see what is happening, they try to prevent it. They appeal to the king. He appreciates the women's clever plan and declares that his promise to the women must be kept [J1545.4.1]. Cf. Type 875.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. in 1170 in Chronica Regia Coloniensis (No. 169)",NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875A,Girl's Riddling Answer Betrays a Theft,"K�hler 1896a, 59; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 17; Vries 1928, 347�355; BP II, 359�362; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 37.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 873*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, No. 875A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 59, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 873*; Italian: Gonzenbach 1870 I, No. 1, Lo Nigro 1957, No. *874; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 104; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 78, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 84; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 527ff., III, 466f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 77; Greek: Dawkins 1950, Nos. 20, 21, Dawkins 1953, No. 67, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 235 (6); Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 90; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 54; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 161ff.; Palestinian, Iraqi, Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. H582.1.1, H586; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 205ff.; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Frobenius 1921, 79ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 873*.) A prince sends his servant to a clever girl with a round tart, thirty cakes, and a capon, and asks the girl if it is the full moon, if it is the thirtieth of the month, and if the rooster has crowed in the evening. She replies that it is not full moon, that it is the fifteenth of the month and that the rooster has gone to the mill; but that the prince should spare the pheasant for the partridge's sake. She thus shows him that the servant has stolen half the tart, half of the cakes, and the capon [H582.1.1].",NA,"875, 1533."
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875B,The Clever Girl and the King,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 63 No. 232; Vries 1928; Schwarzbaum 1968, 234; EM 1 (1977) 79�85 (K. Ranke); Schwarzbaum 1979, 185 not. 4, 559.","Flemish: Mont/Cock 1927, 316ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 61; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 99; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 19; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 875B2, 875B4, cf. No. *875**; Greek: Klaar 1987, 158ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 78, 79, Jason 1975, No. 875B4, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 875B, 875B(2); Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, Nos. 224; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 68; Adygea: Levin 1978, No. 26; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 298ff.; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, No. 28; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 875B4; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 875B1�875B3, Mayeda/Brown 1974, Nos. 20, 32; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 23, 67; Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 875B1, 875B5; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 46; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 7a; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 875B1; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schild 1975, No. 36; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1976, 52ff.; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 9, El-Shamy 2004, No. 875B4; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 875B, 875B4; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 592; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.6.921B, 921C, 921E.","(Including the previous Types 875B1'875B4.) The contents and combinations of the impossible tasks and their countertasks vary in the numerous variants of this type, where a person imposes an impossible task on someone who, in return, imposes an equally absurd countertask. (1) A prince (king) makes an impossible demand [H1010]: Three unwed girls (virgins) should all give birth to a child at the same time (within nine months). Being summoned to the palace they present themselves disguised as pregnant women by hiding cushions under their dresses. When they are granted a wish, the youngest sister asks for roasted snow [H951, J2121]. Being unable to produce it, the prince realizes the absurdity of his own demand and marries the girl. (2) A king imprisons an adviser and will release him only on the condition that he brings a horse that is neither black nor white, neither gray nor reddish brown. The adviser claims to have such a horse at home, but the king cannot fetch it on any day of the week. The king sees the absurdity of his own demand and releases his prisoner. (3) A prince finds a block of white marble so beautiful that he orders his tailor to sew him a suit out of the stone [H1021.9]. No tailor in the kingdom can do this and he orders them all to be killed. Finally an elderly tailor is asked to make the suit. On the advice of his granddaughter he asks the prince for meat made of mud and a cake of snow for lunch. Thus he points to his master's own absurd task, whereupon the prince recognizes his mistake and marries the granddaughter. (4) A king orders his adviser (boy) to bring him bull's milk [H1024.1] or to have a bull bear a calf. The adviser's daughter pretends that her father has given birth to a child [H1024.1.1.1, J1533] and the king thus sees the absurdity of his order. (Previously Type 875B1.) (5) A Muslim king orders his adviser to convert him into a Hindu. The adviser stands by the road rubbing a donkey. When the king asks why, the adviser explains that he is trying to change it into a horse (cow). The king thus sees the absurdity of his order [J1536.2]. (Previously Type 875B2.) (6) A king orders his adviser to move a well. On the advice of his daughter, the adviser tells the king that the king must help by sending him the well. The king thus sees the absurdity of his order [H1023.25.1]. (Previously Type 875B3.) (7) The king asks a farmer for a tribute of calves born to bulls. The farmer's son replies, 'Let me go and ask my father who is guarding the fields, lets fish come up from the seashore and eat the millet.' (Previously Type 875B4.) (8) Other impossible tasks that occur in some variants are: growing onions out of a stone, winding a rope of chaff [H1021.2] (cf. Type 1174), making a rope of sand [H1021] (cf. Type 1174), counting the leaves of the flowers or the stars in the sky, measuring the sky, sewing a millstone, drying snow on the stove [J2121, cf. Type 1270], drying a candle [J2122] (cf. Type 1270). Cf. Types 1172, 1271A*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875B*,Storytelling Saves a Wife from Death (Sheherazade),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 188ff. No. 111; Anghelescu 1976; Scheherazade. In: EM 11,3 (2005) (forthcoming).","Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. J1185.1; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1426A�; Egyptian: Jahn 1970, No. 31, El-Shamy 2004, No. 1426A�.","A king who discovers that his wife is unfaithful has her executed. Then, each night, he takes a new wife and has her killed the following day (after she gives birth) (cf. Type 1426). After three years (one year) the vizier is unable to find a suitable woman, so the king condemns him to death. The vizier's daughter volunteers to marry the king (although her father objects). She tells stories to the king (with the help of her sister, or a courtier tells the stories) [J1185.1]. The king postpones the execution. After ayear of storytelling (after the wife gives birth), the king realizes that it would be wrong to kill this woman.",Frame story of the Arabian Nights.,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875D,The Clever Young Woman at the End of the Journey,"Vries 1928, 42�47; Fischer/Bolte 1895, 216; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 71; Penzer 1924ff. I, 46ff., VII, 254, IX, 142; EM 1 (1977) 79�85 (K. Ranke).","Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 803*, Boberg 1966, No. D1318.2.1, Schier 1983, No. 37; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 277ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Bulgarian: Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 297ff.; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 77; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 181ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 100 (6); Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 11, 78, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 74; Adygea: Levin 1978, No. 29; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 132ff., Dalila 1989, Nos. 25, 90; Armenian: cf. Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 67, Levin 1982, No. 19; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, Nos. 9, 21; Iraqi: cf. Nowak 1969, Nos. 261, 478, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: M�ller 1902, 111ff., El-Shamy 2004; Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1983a, No. 137, Marzolph 1984, Nos. *875D1, *875D2; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mode/Ray 1967, 332ff., Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 875D, 875D2; Cambodian: cf. Gaudes 1987, No. 68; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 112, Laoust 1949, No. 74, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","She explains various enigmatic statements and actions encountered by people on the way [H586, H586.1'H586.7]. Finally she succeeds in a contest in repartee and in performing impossible tasks. A (dried) fish laughs in the palace [D1318.2.1]. The king orders his vizier (a man) on pain of death to find out why (to solve another problem). The vizier (his son) sets out on a journey. He meets an old man and makes various enigmatic suggestions (two men travel together and one makes enigmatic suggestions). 'Let us carry one another,' means, 'Let us tell stories to shorten the way.' ' 'Let us get horses in the forest,' means, 'Let us cut walking sticks.' Or, one man does seemingly absurd things e.g. he wears his shoes in the streams and carries them on dry land. The man's daughter correctly interprets the enigmatic remarks or the seemingly absurd actions [H586]. Finally the vizier's son marries the girl because she answers the original question [H561.1.1.1]: The fish laughed because there was a man dressed in woman's clothes in the harem.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875D*,The Prince's Seven Wise Teachers,"Tubach 1969, No. 4143.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; German: Rehermann 1977, 265f.; Hungarian: MNK IV; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4143; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979.","A prince goes to seven wise teachers to be educated. When he comes back to the palace he pretends to be mute (on the advice of his teachers). The prince's stepmother makes advances to her stepson, and then accuses him to his father [K2111], who condemns the prince to death. The seven wise men and the queen argue the case by telling stories for seven days [J1185]. In some variants the prince (on advice of his tutors) proves to his father, that one of the queen's maidservants is a man dressed as a woman [K1836]. The queen and her lover are hanged (and the prince's innocence is proved).","Oriental origin, frame tale to the Seven Wise Men.",NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,875E,The Unjust Decision: The Oil Press Gives Birth to a Foal,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 102, 461; EM 1 (1977) 79�85 (K. Ranke).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 101; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Italian: Nerucci 1891, 18ff.; Russian: cf. Ver�inin 1962, 141ff., SUS, No. 875E*; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 92, Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, No. 224; Kurdish: Dalila 1989, No. 24; Siberian: Soboleva 1984, No. 875E*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 875E*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 33; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 85; Cambodian: Gaudes 1987, No. 95, cf. No. 65; Mexican: Robe 1973; North African, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 80; Eritrean: Littmann 1910, No. 9.","A traveler ties his mare to an oilman's mill. During the night the mare gives birth to a foal. The oilman claims it, saying the mill (vehicle, pale, crutched stick) has given birth to the foal. Or, a rich neighbor claims a calf (from his poor neighbor, who owns the cow) saying that his ox had given birth to it. The judge (jackal) has to decide the case. He arrives late, explaining that the sea was burning and that he had to put the fire out with straw (other absurd explanations). Thus the absurdity of the oilman's claim becomes clear (and the traveler may keep the foal) [J1191]. Cf. Types 821B, 875, 920A, and 1804B.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,877,The Old Woman who Was Skinned,"EM 1 (1977) 359�364 (S. Lo Nigro); BP IV, 203 not. 1; Zeyrek 1995, 248�250.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Kristensen 1897b, 89ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 150, II, No. 241, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 46, De Simone 1994, No. 89; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 12; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 525; Greek: Dawkins 1955, No. 17, Laogr�phia 16,1 (1956) 145�192, No. 19, Klaar 1987, 166ff.; Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 226, Boratav 1967, No. 32; Jewish: Jason 1975; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 458; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 403ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","(La Vecchia Scorticata.) An ugly old maid succeeds in marrying her old and ugly sister to a king (prince) who wants to marry a young woman. In order to hide the ugliness of his bride, she shows the prince only her fingers through the key-hole and the sound of her voice. On the wedding night he discovers the deception and throws the bride out of the window where she is caught in a tree. Some fairies observe this and laugh at the dangling old woman. The fairies, grateful for the amusement they have had, recompense the old woman by rejuvenating her into a beautiful girl [D1880]. The king marries her. Being jealous of her sister's fortune, the other old maid asks her how she became young. The latter, fearing another ruse of her sister's, explains that she has been skinned. She advises her sister have a barber skin her (the sister has herself skinned and dies).","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (I,10).",NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,879,The Basil Maiden,"K�hler/Bolte 1896, 72f., No. 35; Raciti 1965, 381�398; Meraklis 1970; EM 1 (1977) 1308�1311 (M. Meraklis); R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 464.","Icelandic: Rittershaus 1902, 205; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 2; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. IV, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 4, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Reuschel 1935, 87ff., R�lleke 1983, No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 8, De Simone 1994, No. 59; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 18; Sardinian: Mango 1890, No. 12; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: cf. Hor�k 1971, 144ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 25; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 45, Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 192; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 79, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Bergstr�sser 1915, No. 2; Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 659; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. *970; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 58; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 350, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, No. 14, El-Shamy 2004.","(The Sugar Doll, Viola.) A prince (young man) passing by asks a girl who is watering her basil plant (ridiculing her) how many leaves her plant has. The girl answers with a counterquestion: How many stars does the sky have [H702, H705.3]. The prince does not know the answer and continues on his way ashamed. The next day he returns masked as a merchant (fisherman) and sells something precious to the girl in return for a kiss. Or, the prince repeatedly pricks the girl with a needle; she complains of insect bites. The next day the prince mocks the girl or reveals the deceit (the kiss and the pricking) to her. Next the girl disguises herself as a doctor [K1837] (death, angel of death), pays a visit to the prince who is feeling sick, and mistreats (mocks) him or makes him believe that death has come to him. Disguised as merchant the girl sells something to the prince on the condition that he kisses his donkey under the tail (his horse's leg). The prince marries the girl, intending to avenge himself by killing her on the wedding night. But she puts a life-sized doll made of sugar (syrup) in her place [K525.1] and hides herself under the bed. When the prince destroys the doll with a sword-thrust and accidentally tastes its sweet 'blood', he regrets his deed. (The girl comes out of her hiding place and they are reconciled to one another.) Cf. Type 883B.","The banter (questions and counterquestions, tricks and countertricks) is often presented in the form of reciprocal verses indicating the author of each action. Important versions see Basile, Pentamerone (II,3 and III,4).","875, 883B, 891, and 968."
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,879*,King Serves his Future Wife,,"Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, No. 879*G; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 223; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *879G; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 879*G.","A king in disguise [K1812] overhears three (two) (poor) girls expressing their wishes [N455.3, N467]. The youngest declares that even if the king would like to marry her, he would have to serve her first. The king fulfills the wishes of the elder ones and punishes (imprisons, condemns to death) the youngest. The clever girl escapes (is saved) and/or finds a treasure (and builds a castle). Dressed in new clothes she makes the king fall in love [K1310] and serve her [N699.6]. She discloses her identity and they marry.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,The Woman Marries The Prince 870-879,NA,879A,Fisher Husband of the Princess,EM 4 (1984) 1230�1232 (M. Meraklis); R�th 1998.,"Lithuanian: Schleicher 1857, 86ff., Range 1981, No. 58; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 4, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Stumme 1904, No. 11, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Rumanian: Kremnitz 1882, No. 8; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *890**; Greek: Klaar 1987, 146ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 191; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 99.","A princess falls in love with a very beautiful fisherman's son and wants to marry him. The boy, worried about his low social standing, warns her that if she ever reproaches him for his social status, he will never talk again. On the wedding night the princess mocks him for his clumsy manners. He leaves her immediately and takes employment at the king's court. The king, impressed by his beauty, regrets that he cannot speak and promises a reward to whoever succeeds in making him talk again; failure will be punished by death. The princess comes disguised as a man (doctor). For three nights she tries in vain to cure him [H1194.0.1] and is finally led to the gallows. The boy (her husband), who is one of the spectators at her execution, speaks to her (in a very degrading way) at the very last moment and so saves her life. Cf. Types 434, 514, 514**, and 884.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750*,Hospitality Blessed,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 244; EM 5 (1987) 718�727 (E. Moser-Rath); EM 7 (1993) 92�100 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); cf. Hansen 2002, 211�223.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973b, 115ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 151; Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 104f., 448, B II, 419f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. B II, 419f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 147, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 750*, 750F*; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 179, Benzel 1991, 58ff.; Austrian: Zaunert 1926, 305ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III, Nos. 750*, 750*I; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 581f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, No. 21; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 24; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 197, 199; Greek: Diller 1982, No. 55, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 72; Jewish: Jason 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 448; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 259ff.; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 5; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","God (and St. Peter) rewards the hospitable farmer and punishes the inhospitable one [K1811, Q2]. Cf. Types 750B, 750D. In some versions (mostly Hungarian and Czech) a poor woman offers soup to Christ and St. Peter [K1811]. They reward the woman because they appreciate the specks of fat as 'stars' in the soup. When the neighbor woman asks Christ and St. Peter to eat her soup, it is covered with fat and the woman is not rewarded at all.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750**,Girls Plucking Berries,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 152; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 51; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.",One of them answers an old man (God [K1811]) in a friendly manner and is rewarded. The other gives a discourteous answer and is punished [Q2]. Cf. Type 480.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750A,The Three Wishes (previously The Wishes),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 1, No. 180; BP II, 210�229; Saintyves 1923, 559�608; HDM 2 (1934�40) 652�655 (W. Lincke); K�nzig 1934; Schwarzbaum 1968, 241�244, 405, 483; Legman 1968f. II, 619�622; Tubach 1969, Nos. 983, 3653, 5326; Top 1975f. I, 207�216, II, 19; EM 1 (1977) 789�794 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser); Ranelagh 1979, 222�225; Schwarzbaum 1979, 343, 345; EM 5 (1987) 718�727 (E. Moser-Rath); Chesnutt 1989, 318�338; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 221; Scherf 1995 I, 32f., 51�54, 445�447; Wieringa 1997, 302�304; Dekker et al. 1997, 411� 415; Tuczay 1999, 85�109; EM 10 (2002) 984�986 (A. Lozar); Hansen 2002, 211�223; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 199; EM: W�nsche: Die drei W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 1�5; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 150; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 18; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 21; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 522; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 309f., B II, 349; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Goldberg 1998, No. J2071; Basque: Irigaray 1957, 186ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 238, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 33, 34; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 750; Walloon: Laport 1932; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 854(3); German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1984, 289, Tomkowiak 1993, 256, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 87, Grubm�ller 1996, No. 4, Berger 2001; Swiss: Lachmereis 1944, 227ff., EM 7 (1993) 874; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, 645 No. 114; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, Nos. 33, 34; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK III, Nos. 750A, 750A I*, 750A II*, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 120, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 567ff., 583f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 84; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 246f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 266; Syrian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, No. 28; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 132; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 408 No. 213; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 244, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; African American: Dorson 1956, 191f., Baughman 1966; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 45, 46; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Kohl-Larsen 1966, 11ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1132.","(The Poor and the Rich.) Christ and St. Peter (God, other supernatural being) visit the mortals [K1811]. A poor farmer who receives them hospitably is granted three good wishes; a rich man, who refused hospitality, receives three evil wishes [D1761.0.2, Q1.1]. Cf. Types 330, 471. The generous poor person uses his three wishes wisely; the selfish rich man makes two foolish wishes [J2071, J2073] (his horse's neck broken, his wife stuck to the saddle) and must use the third to undo them. (The same with one wish: to keep doing all day what you begin [J2072.3]; one gets good linen all day, while the other throws water on a pig [D2172.2].) Or, a husband given three wishes transfers one to his wife who wastes it on a trifle. In his anger he wishes the desired article in her body and must use the third wish to get it out [J2075].","See Ovid, Metamorphoses (VIII,616�726: Philemon and Baucis) for the introduction.",330A.
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750B,Hospitality Rewarded,"BP I, 422f.; Anderson 1927ff. III, No. 63; EM 1 (1977) 789�794 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser); EM 5 (1987) 718�727 (E. Moser-Rath); cf. Hansen 2002, 211�223; EM: W�nsche: Die drei W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 6, 14; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 107; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 86, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 171; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III, Nos. 750B I*�750B III*; Slovene: Tomai 1943, 185ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 103�105; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS, Nos. 750B, 750B****; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 750B, 750B*, 750B**, 750B***; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 750B, 750B*, 750B****; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 263; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 408 No. 213; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. II/III, No. 135.","After Christ and St. Peter [K1811] (pious beggar) have been refused hospitality in a house where a wedding is taking place, they are received hospitably in a poor man's house. The farmer kills his only cow (sheep) for them, whereupon it comes to life again (many new cows appear) [Q1, Q141]. Cf. Types 750D, 750*, and 759*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750C,God Punishes a Bad Woman,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 7; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 116, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, Nos. 18, 31; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 337, II, No. 418; Serbian: Bogdanovi 1930, No. 25; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *750C*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 750C1; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 47.","A man is kind to a beggar (God [K1811]), but his wife is unkind [Q1, Q2]. The beggar invites the man to him and shows him (among other things) that the woman has been turned into a cow [D133.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750D,God (St,"Basset 1924ff. III, 302; Schwarzbaum 1968, 83; Top 1975f. I, 207�216, II, 19; EM 1 (1977) 789�794 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser); Schwarzbaum 1980, 280; Top 1982, Nos. 115�117; EM 5 (1987) 718�727 (E. Moser-Rath); EM 7 (1993) 92�100 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); EM: W�nsche: Die drei W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 9; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 110, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 874; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 550A, 750D; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini, No. 550A; Hungarian: MNK III; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 14; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 5, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 38; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 750, B�rlea 1966, II, 477ff., 480ff., III, 459f.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 43; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 70, Megas/Puchner 1998; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 76, SUS, No. 750D*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 110, 135; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Bin Gorion 1990, No. 222, Haboucha 1992, EM 8 (1996) 1332; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 97, III, No. 143; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 15; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 30; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 550A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 21, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 550A, 750D; Libyan: Campbell 1954, 151ff., El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 550A, 750D.","Peter) and the Three Brothers. (Including the previous Type 550A.) God (magician) grants each of three brothers a wish. They choose (1) plenty of wine, (2) sheep, (3) a good wife. Later, when God (magician) comes as a beggar [K1811.1] he is refused hospitality by the two elder brothers and he takes their wine and sheep away. The youngest brother and his wife are rewarded for their hospitality. Cf. Types 750B, 750*, and 752A.",NA,"516, 750A."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750E,Flight to Egypt,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. III, No. 1950; D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 22�68; Schme�ng 1911; Schmidt 1963, 259�264; Masser 1969, 249�269; Cardoso 1971; Moser 1973; Moser 1974b; EM 1 (1977) 653; EM 4 (1984) 1328; K�hler-Z�lch 1992, 46�52; EM 7 (1993) 1355�1361 (D. Petkanova); EM 8 (1996) 295�300 (C. Daxelm�ller).","Finnish: Rokala 1973, 113; Estonian: Aarne 1918, 152, Nos. 77, 80; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. D2157.2; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, 93ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 752C*; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 95, 172, Meier/Woll 1975, Nos. 29, 97, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 750I, 750J, 752C*; German: Moser 1972b, Moser 1981, 97ff., 133ff., 138, 175f., 178f., 380, 383, 398, 495f., 524ff., 576; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. *772B, *779E, *779E1, *779F, *779J; Croatian: Gaal/Neweklowski 1983, No. 2; Greek: Karlinger 1987, 30ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 2442, 2443, 2651; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 377; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 334ff., 384ff.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, 259ff.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with the journey of the Holy Family to Egypt [cf. R220ff.]. The events are usually miraculous: (1) Helping trees/persons: Trees [A2711.4] (weeping willow, poplar, alder, fig [A2711.7], palm), plants (fern, broom, thornbush, thistle [A2711.4.2], hazelnut [A2711.4.1], rose), fruits (date, pine cone, lupine seed), birds (quail, lark, nightingale, partridge, swallow, wagtail, pipit, bullfinch), other animals (donkey, sheep, goats, wolves), people (smith, mason, farmer, blind man, Gypsy), and various things (river, well, stream, hoofprints) help the Holy Family on their flight by sheltering them from the sun or from a storm, or by hiding them from pursuers. The helpers are blessed for their assistance [A2711.3, A2711.4.3, A2221.5, Q46.1]. (2) In the corn-legend a farmer tricks the men (soldiers) who pursue the Holy Family by telling them that the fugitives passed by when a field of grain, which is now ripe, was sown. The pursuers give up, not knowing that the grain grew and ripened in a single day [D2157.2]. (3) Mary washes Jesus' diapers and hangs them on a bush to dry. Their healing power causes the dried-out bush to turn green or to bloom, or imparts fragrance to its flowers. (4) Having no where else to bathe Jesus, Mary washes him in certain natural springs, which then and ever after produce warm water. (5) Jesus soothes wolves, which aid the family in their flight. (6) A spider spins its web over a cave in which the Holy Family is hiding. Thinking that no one could have entered the cave recently, the pursuers do not look inside for them [B523.1]. Cf. Type 967. (7) Animals [A2231.7.1] (beetle [A2231.7.1.1]) or plants [A2721.4] betray the Holy Family on the way to Egypt and are cursed. (8) Gypsies refuse to give the Holy Family refuge, and for this they are condemned to wander ever after [Q292.1]. Cf. Type 777.","The flight of the Holy Family to Egypt appears in the New Testament (Matthew II,13�23), which is the source for the apocryphal gospel, Pseudo-Matthew.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750E*,Hospitality and Sin,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 61, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 53, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.",One act of hospitality (to two monks) outweighs a life of sin. Cf. Type 808.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750F,The Widow's Donation,"G�nter 1949, 204; Tubach 1969, No. 1058.","German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 44; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 750E.","A king has built a church, but will not allow anyone to donate money for it. When the church is ready, he erects a sign saying that he alone built it. The next day, his name has been replaced by that of a poor widow. He learns that the widow had donated hay for the donkeys (oxen) used to help build the church. The king regrets his mistake and recompenses the woman.",Documented in the 11th century (Miracula s. Georgii).,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750H*,The Notary Enters Heaven,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 47; Czech: �r�mkov�/Sirov�tka 1990, No. 16; Serbian: cf. Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 55; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 159; Greek: Megas 1970, No. 43, Megas/Puchner 1998; Mexican: Robe 1973.","Jesus and the Apostles are shown hospitality by a woodsman (card player). He is granted a wish [Q451, Q142] and asks that he may always win at cards [N221] and be received in paradise. He lives and dies peacefully. On his way to heaven he stops at the house of a wicked, dying notary (enters hell) and wins the notary's soul from the devil in a card game [E756.2]. St. Peter does not wish to admit the notary, but the woodsman recalls his hospitality and obtains the notary's admission. In some variants he wins twelve games of cards with the devil and is able to take twelve souls out of hell with him. Finally they are all admitted into paradise. Cf. Types 808, 809*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750K*,The Lost Genitalia,"Legman 1968f. II, 619; Hoffmann 1973, 272.","English: McCosh 1979, 265; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Loots 1985, 32ff.; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 447f.; US-American: Randolph 1976, 63, Baker 1986, No. 163; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 206.","Two soldiers lose their genitals. One of them becomes a servant. The farmer for whom he works gives him a stallion and sends him away because he would be useless as a son-in-law. The soldier shares his bread with a fairy (helps an old woman) who gives him a wish [F341, N825.3, D1761.0.2.2, J2073]. He wishes for genitals like those of his horse, and marries the farmer's daughter. He tells the other soldier what happened and advises him to get a horse and to give bread to a fairy. This man also wishes for genitals like those of his horse ' but he had not noticed that this horse was a mare.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,750K**,Wishing the Cat to Be a Prince,,"Dutch: Geldof 1979, 198f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: R�hrich 1967, 153f., R�hrich 1977, 72; Austrian: Kunz 1995, 130; Italian: Rotunda 1942, No. D342; Hungarian: Ranke 1972, No. 11; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. D342; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 II, 103.","An old woman is given three wishes by a fairy (fish) [F341, D1761.0.2]. She wants to be young [D56], to have her house become a palace, and to have her cat turn into a young man [D342]. All the wishes are fulfilled. However, she realizes too late that she had had her cat neutered [J1919.5, J2072].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751A,The Farmwife is Changed into a Woodpecker,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 123�132, 284�286; Schwarzbaum 1968, 9, 83, 242, 458; Tubach 1969, No. 174; EM 1 (1977) 1346�1350 (E. H. Rehermann); EM 2 (1979) 816�821 (D.-R. Moser); Blacker 1980.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 10, 11; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 153; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Nos. 751, 751A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 751; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. 751, 751A, Briggs 1970f. A I, 107f., 112f., 124, 443; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, No. 751; Spanish: cf. Karlinger 1960, No. 71, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 751; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 148, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 751; Flemish: de Meyere 1925ff. IV, No. 334; Walloon: Laport 1932, 74; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 751, 751A; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; No. 751; Hungarian: MNK III, No. 7511, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 120; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 573f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 257; Slovene: Zupanc 1944a, 72ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 58; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 751; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 751; Greek: Laogr�phia 2 (1910) 469f., 4 (1913/14) 57f., Klaar 1963, 53f., 218; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 751; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 412 (a,b); Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 48, Jason 1965, No. 751; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 751; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 751, 751A; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 751, 751A; African American: Dorson 1956, 159f., Baughman 1966, Nos. 751, 751A; South American Indian: cf. Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. D153.1.","(Including the previous Type 751.) Christ and St. Peter ask for hospitality from a farmwife (baker's daughter) [K1811]. She tries to use only a very small piece of pastry to make her bread (to prepare only a very small loaf), but her bread (pastry) magically grows larger [D1652.1.2]. Nevertheless she does not give them anything (gives them only a morsel). As punishment [Q1.1, Q292.1], she is transformed into a woodpecker (owl, cuckoo, raven, peewit, swallow, bee, tortoise) [D153.1, Q291.1, Q551.3.1, Q551.3.2.2, Q556.7]. Cf. Type 751B.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751A*,A Man Invites God to his House,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 12, 83.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 13; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 979*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 84; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Mexican: Robe 1973; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. II/III, No. 135.","A man (woman) makes grand preparations for a visit from God, but drives away a beggar who has come to his door (sets the dogs on him). The beggar was God himself [K1811.1]. (The man is punished [Q1.1, Q292.1].) Cf. Types 751C*, 930*.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751B,The Farmwife Must Take Two Snakes as Foster-Children [Q594],"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 123�132, 284�286; Schwarzbaum 1968, 9, 83, 242, 458; EM 1 (1977) 1346�1350 (E. H. Rehermann); Blacker 1980, 162�168.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 12; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 154; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A greedy farmwife gives only a small piece of bread (nothing) to a beggar (Christ [K1811.1]), even though her bread magically grows larger. As punishment she has to breast-feed two snakes [Q1.1, Q292.1]. Cf. Type 751A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751B*,The Old Man with the Live Coals,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","A poor man looks for a light for his fire. An old man gives him embers. When he takes them home they turn to gold. A wealthy man (envious neighbor) purposely extinguishes his fire and asks the old man to give him some coals. He says, ""Your house is full of fire.' He finds his homestead in flames [Q2].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751C*,Wealth Leads to Pride,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 83.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 14; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: S�billot 1880 I, No. 53; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 97; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 20, Jason 1965, 1988a; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. II/III, No. 135; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A man who miraculously became prosperous drives away an old beggar. The beggar was God himself [K1811.1], his benefactor. The man is punished and loses everything [Q292.1]. Cf. Type 751A*.",NA,750B.
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751D*,St,,"Italian: Pitr� 1875 III, No. 121, Lo Nigro 1957, No. *751; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 61; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Basset 1897, No. 90, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 91, Laoust 1949, Nos. 126, 129, El-Shamy 2004.",Peter Blesses Hospitable Thieves.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751E*,Man in the Moon,"Baring-Gould 1894, 194; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 597�600; D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 134; RTP 23 (1908) 220; Kunike 1916; Kunike 1925; Kunike 1927; Krappe 1940; Menner 1949; Borges/Guerrero 1964, 94f.; Lille 1973; EM 1 (1977) 13; EM 2 (1979) 193; EM 3 (1981) 777; � Gioll�in 1984; Bascom 1992, 145�154; Dekker et al. 1997, 221�225; EM 9 (1999) 183�188 (C. Goldberg).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, 140 nos. 6, 7, Loorits 1959, No. 71; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 8; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. 3907; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 760F; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 140, 207, 208, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 760F; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 47 No. 8, Kooi 2003, No. 36; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 777A*, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 82; Flemish: Top 1982, No. 45; German: Moser 1974a, No. 17, Tomkowiak 1993, 279, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 50, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 32, Berger 2001, 123 No. H28; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 4; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 1150*, 1150A; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 65; Indian: L�ders 1961, No. 53; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 25, cf. No. 163, Wilhelm 1958, No. 19, Eberhard 1965, No. 54; Cambodian: Nevermann 1956, 30f.; Vietnamese: Karpov 1958, 270; Polynesian, New Zealand: Kirtley 1971, Nos. A751ff.; Australian: L�ffler 1981, Nos. 13, 39, 48, 53, Waterman 1987, Nos. 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70�120; US-American: Halpert 1993; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 93; North American Indian: Boas 1917, Nos. 9, 16, Lowie 1918, 52, Thompson 1929, No. 17, cf. No. 69; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, Nos. A751.1, A751.5, A751.11; Central African: Werner 1968, 76, Klipple 1992, 340; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 13, 197.","This miscellaneous type includes various narratives dealing with a man (woman, animal, object) on the moon [A751ff.]. Examples: A man (watercarriers, a woman with a butter churn, a man with a bucket of tar [A751.4]) is sent to (can be seen on) the moon for punishment. The punishment is usually for breaking a religious commandment (being hard-hearted, stealing, working on Sunday, etc.) [A751.1]. In some variants, the figure of a hare [A751.2], a frog, a toad [A751.3], or a tree [A751.6] is seen on the moon.","Most of these tales are etiological, and explain the dark marks on the moon.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751F*,The Mouse Tower of Bingen [Q415,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 31; Beheim-Schwarzbach 1888; Liebknecht 1897, 1�9; Tubach 1968, No. 3280; Br�ckner 1974, 679 not. 113; Beckman 1974; EM 9 (1999) 445�450 (H.-J. Uther).","Icelandic: cf. Boberg 1966, No. Q415.2; French: EM 2 (1979) 538; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 115 No. 1132; German: Melander (1607) No. 21, Schau-Platz der Betrieger (1687) No. 147, Hilarius Salustius (1717) 112 (EM archive), Panzer 1848 II, No. 325, Schneidewind 1960, No. 126a�f, Rehermann 1977, 154f., Schneidewind 1977, No. 79, 81�83, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 242; Swiss: Kohlrusch 1854, 314f., EM 7 (1993) 871; Austrian: Vernaleken 1858, No. 240, Haiding 1965, No. 15; Hungarian: cf. Gy�rgy 1934, No. 92, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 339; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 747A; Armenian: Wlislocki 1891, No. 19.","2, Q291]. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A knight who had plundered the property of St. Clement is attacked at night in his bedroom by an army of mice. Unable to ward them off, he prays to be hung in a chest from the ceiling. The mice go away. When the chest is taken down, the knight is found inside gnawed to death by other mice. Or, the Polish King Popiel flees from mice to a wooden tower on an island. Even there the mice find him and kill him. (2) A prominent cleric (Archbishop Hatto I or II) levies taxes during a famine and demands that those who do not pay (the poor) be burned to death. As they die, he likens their cries to the sound of squealing rats (mice). God punishes him for this cruel deed by plaguing him with mice. In order to get rid of the mice, the bishop flees to a tower on a rock in the Rhine (near Bingen). The mice attack him even there and eat him up.","Tale with legendary traits. Documented in the early Middle Ages, e.g. in Annales Quedlinburgenses and Chronicon episcoporum Merseburgiensorum.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,751G*,Bread Turned to Stone,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 209a�f; HDA 1 (1927) 1599, cf. 1602f.; BP III, 461f.; Tubach 1969, Nos. 174, 3085, cf. No. 758; EM 1 (1977) 74; EM 2 (1979) 805�813 (D.-R. Moser).","Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. 3728; French: S�billot 1904ff. I, 308; Dutch: Kooi 1979a, 78ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 751E*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 15a�b; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 368*, Top 1982, Nos. 90, 91, 110; German: Peuckert 1964ff. I, Nos. 421, 422, Petschel 1975ff. V, Nos. 3361, 3508, VI, No. 3867, Rehermann 1977, 151f., 558f., Tomkowiak 1993, 289, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 241, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. KL 5; Corsican: Karlinger 1960, No. 65; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *751E; Slovene: Krainz 1880, 7f.; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 3; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 752*D.","(Including the previous Type 368*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with bread (that has not been shared during a famine [Q272]) that is turned to stone [D471.1, D661, M411.2] (and/or gives forth blood [D474]). Examples: (1) A poor woman asks her sister for bread for her children. The sister hides her bread and refuses, saying, 'If I had any bread, I would rather wish it would turn to stone.' Immediately, her bread turns into stone. (When her husband later tries to cut the bread she had hidden, blood flows from it.) (2) A lay brother (baker) hides his bread instead of giving any to the poor. It turns to stone, and is hung on the church door as a warning.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,752A,Christ and St,"BP III, 450�455; EM 2 (1979) 1437�1440 (H. Lixfeld); EM 7 (1993) 92�100 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); Dekker et al. 1997, 411�415; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 15; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 156(3); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 100ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 141, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: B�dker et al. 1963, 112f., Tinneveld 1976, No. 111; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, No. 752, Ranke 1955ff. III, No. 791, Ranke 1966, No. 59; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 577ff., II 2, 459ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 18; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 6f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 25; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 752A, 752A*; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 46; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","Peter in the Barn. Christ and St. Peter spend the night in a farmer's barn [K1811]. As payment for lodging the farmer wants them to thresh. They separate the grain by means of fire. When the farmer tries to do the same, he burns the grain and the barn [J2411]. Cf. Types 750D, 791.",NA,"750B, 791, and 822."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,752B,The Forgotten Wind,EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann); EM: Wind: Der vergessene W. (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 16; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 7; French: Dardy 1891, No. 4; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 275, Ranke 1955ff. III, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 150, Rehermann 1977, 137, 274f. No. 31, 295f. No. 31, 540f. No. 4, Tomkowiak 1993, 257; Austrian: Depiny 1932, No. 2.1 (*202), Haiding 1965, No. 54, Haiding 1969, No. 159; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 17; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3154***; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 546; Slovene: Kres 4 (1884) 451; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 206; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 43; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1976, No. 46; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 92.","God charges a pious man (St. Peter) with the task of managing the weather. The man sends rain, sun and heat to earth but he forgets the wind. Thereupon God deprives him of his responsibility [J755.1]. Cf. Type 800.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,752C,The Prodigious Mower,"Gennep 1937ff. V, 2191�2203; Gennep 1950 II (1), 99�108.","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Walloon: Legros 1962, 100; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975.","A saint (God, devil) has to mow a field in exchange for a dinner. He mows so hard that he is believed to be the devil (other mowers become jealous and put some laxative in his soup). Or, when threshing corn he breaks his anvil into two parts.",NA,"650A, 820, and 820A."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,753,Christ and the Smith,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 154�171; BP III, 193�199; HDM 2 (1934�40) 117�120 (K. Spie�); Fehrle 1940; Edsman 1949, 82�131; Marold 1967; Lixfeld 1971, 100f.; Moser 1977; EM 2 (1979) 1440�1444 (H. Lixfeld); Schwarzbaum 1979, 487 not. 11; Gobyn 1989; Schneider 1991, 151�165; cf. EM 7 (1993) 92�100 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann); Moser 2003, 76�79.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 18, 19; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 62(5), 156(2), 157; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker 1964, No. 36; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 165f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 490ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 158, 159, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 854(1); German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 147, Berger 2001; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. XI, No. 1, Kindl 1992, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 33g; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 579f.; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 66; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 4256; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 764; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 428ff., MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 431; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Christ (St. Peter, St. Eligius, saint) visits [K1811] a haughty smith [F663.0.1], takes off a horse's foot in order to shoe it, and replaces the foot [E782.4]. He rejuvenates an old woman by putting her in the fire [D1886, E121.2]. The smith tries to do the same with his old mother-in-law but only deforms her [J2411.1]. The smith's wife and daughter, both pregnant, are so shocked at seeing her that both give birth to a monkey. This explains the origin of monkeys [A1861.2]. In some variants the attempt at rejuvenation produces a monkey.","Documented in the 15th century, early version see Hans Sachs, Der affen ursprueng (1556).","330, 752A, 753A, 753*, 785, and 791."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,753*,Christ (God) Turns a Thief into an Ass,"Cf. BP III, 3�9.","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 217, Cardigos (forthcoming); Ladinian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 20; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 33e; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: cf. MNK III, No. 753**; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 68, cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 99�101; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 40; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 67; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 480ff., III, 460; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *753A*; Mexican: Robe 1973.",An innkeeper intends to rob Christ (God) and St. Peter (saint) [K1811]. Christ turns him into a donkey [Q551.3.2.6] and gives him to another person for whom he must work. Later Christ restores him to human form and gives him the money he had earned as an ass.,NA,"753, 753A, and 758."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,753A,Unsuccessful Resuscitation,"Chauvin 892ff. VIII, 101 No. 73; BP II, 149�163; HDM 2 (1934�40) 612�614 (H. Honti); EM 7 (1993) 92�100 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); EM 8 (1996) 743�747 (C. Schmitt); EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Latvian: Svabe 1923f. II, No. 9h; Wotian, Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 127, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: cf. Ranke 1955ff. I, No. 330, III, No. 785, Neumann 1971, No. 135, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 81; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 65; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 49, D�m�t�r 2001, 276; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 601ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 59, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 39; Bulgarian: BFP; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 98; Mexican: Robe 1973.","Christ (St. Peter, angel) resuscitates a dead princess (girl). A companion tries to do the same, fails, and is warned against trying again (is condemned and rescued by Christ). Cf. Types 330, 785.",NA,"330, 753, 753*, and 785."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,754,Lucky Poverty (previously The Happy Friar),"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 137, V, 82; Tobler 1906, 328�344; Wesselski 1936, 91f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 95, 163f., 167, 470f.; cf. EM 4 (1984) 1264; EM 5 (1987) 1318�1324 (H.-W. N�rtersheuser); Tubach 1969, Nos. 3845, 4390; Alsheimer 1971, 167; Uther 1990b, 124f.","Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 90, Chevalier 1983, No. 40, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 243f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wolf 1845, No. 8, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 1, Moser-Rath 1984, Nos. 38, 95; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 387; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 78ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 3845; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 357; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 8; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas 1956 II, 180f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 27; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A poor man (cobbler, weaver, smith, porter, falconer) is happy despite of his meagre living conditions. A rich man, seeing this apparent contradiction, gives him money. The poor man worries about his new wealth and loses his former happiness. Finally he returns the money so as to be happy again [J1085.1]. Cf. Type 844.","Based on the notion of the poor but happy man (Horace, Epistolae [I,7,46�98]), this type has been well documented since the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 66).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,754**,St,,"Dutch: Janssen 1979, 138f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. III, No. 1Folz/83, XI, No. 2S/4283.","Peter and his Wife. Peter, having quarreled with his wife, stays out in front of his house in the rain. When the Lord asks him why he is outside, he lies and says that the house is full of smoke. The Lord enters. At the rear he finds St. Peter's wife holding up a broom handle [T251.3].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,755,Sin and Grace,"Hauffen 1900, 436�438; Bolte 1904, 114�117; Kahle 1906, 311�314; HDS (1961�63) 546�554; Klintberg 1986, 237�264; Klintberg 1990, 35�46; Klintberg 1993, 75�87; Shojaei Kawan 2003b, 64�67.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 20, 21; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 158; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 6, Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 17, Holbek 1990, No. 23; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: cf. O�Sullivan 1966, No. 47; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 213, Cardigos (forthcoming); Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. T572.1; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, 643 No. 112; Hungarian: cf. MNK III, No. 755*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 365f.; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A woman (on the advice of an old woman, devil) prevents the birth of her illegitimate children [T572.1] by using magic to procure abortions (kills the children, marries only when infertile, makes a contract with the devil). Later her husband (priest, preacher) realizes that she throws no shadow [F1038, Q552.9] and casts her out as a sinner [Q251]. She cannot be pardoned until a rose grows from a stone table [F971.2, Q431.4]. A churchman takes the woman at night into the church. The (souls of the) unborn children appear one by one, whip (rend) her, and finally forgive her. When the woman returns home a rose springs up [F971.2]. (She dies or her body is torn up by animals.) Cf. Types 756A'756C, 762, and 765.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756,The Three Green Twigs,NA,NA,"Legends about a wooden stick that grows roots and twigs and becomes a cypress, etc. The central motif in Types 756A, 756B, and 756C.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756A,The Self-Righteous Hermit,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 147f., 578, 581; BP III, 463�471; Andrejev 1927; Wesselski 1930, 39�53; Goebel 1932, 34�38; HDM 2 (1934�40) 550; Childers 1966, 729�731; Schwarzbaum 1968, 34�36, 128; Tubach 1969, Nos. 870, 4605, 4777; Alsheimer 1971, 125; Moser 1977, 33�54; Long 1980; EM 4 (1984) 389�394 (D.-R. Moser); Scheiber 1985, 270�272, 283f.; EM: Zweig: Der gr�nende Z. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 22; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 756, 756A; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, Nos. 756, 756A, 756A*; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. L435.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 332, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 756, 756A*; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 178, Ranke 1955ff. III, No. 756, Tomkowiak 1993, 257, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 171, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. KL 6; Austrian: Haiding 1965, Nos. 257, 304; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 16; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 489; Slovene: M�dernd�rfer 1946, 106ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Greek: Thrakika 17 (1942) 183f.; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 126 IV, V; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 756, Jason 1988a, No. 756; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 756; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 756; Mexican: Robe 1973; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 126, Nowak 1969, No. 336.","A hermit mistrusts divine justice, or a man who thinks he is without sin complains about God's decision of his place after death (punishment [hell) or reward [heaven]). Cf. Types 756B, 756C. This tale exists chiefly in four different forms: (1) An angel ceases to appear to a hermit [Q553.2] because he spoke disparagingly of an evil-doer who was taken to the gallows. Thereupon the hermit has to do hard penance [L435.1] by wandering about as a beggar with a small dry branch [Q521.1]. The hermit converts a band of robbers with the story of his misfortune. The next morning the hermit is found dead, with green twigs on his small dry branch [F971.1] (2) A discontented hermit, an evil-doer, and a naked man covered with sand worry about their place in heaven. Angel Gabriel tells them God's answers to their questions: the place of the hermit will be in hell because he doubts God's justice, the evil-doer will be in heaven because of his hospitality, and even the sand will be removed from the naked man because of his ingratitude and impatience. (3) A criminal has to do penance after confession: every time he passes a crucifix he should say the Lord's prayer. When doing so he is killed by the relative of one of his former victims. The hermit, his father confessor, sees that the criminal is taken into heaven by angels, and he decides to leave God's service. When he leaves his cell, he breaks his neck and is taken by the devil. (4) A murderer overhears the confession of a dying hermit. In despair the criminal utters a fast prayer regretting not having lived a life like the pious hermit's. The hermit hears the exclamation and as he dies, he behaves haughtily towards the criminal, whereupon his soul is taken by the devil. The criminal runs away, falls into a pit, and is taken into heaven by angels.","Four main versions of this tale have been described here, but clear assignments to the type are often difficult.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756B,Robber Madej (previously The Devil's Contract),"BP III, 463�471; Andrejev 1927; HDM 1 (1930�33) 356�358 (W. Anderson); Krohn 1931a, 112�114; Matietov 1965; Moser 1977, 67�82; Moser 1981, 481; EM 11,1 (2003) 335�342 (C. Hauschild); Moser 2003.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 23; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 159; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 34, II, No. 10; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 50; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 41, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: cf. Neugaard 1993, Nos. J172, Q520.2; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 279, 283, Cardigos (forthcoming); Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 910; German: Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 171, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. KL 6; Ladinian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 24, Uffer 1973, No. 17, Danuser Richardson 1976, No. V43; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, Nos. 29, 270; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 230ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 254, II, No. 558; Slovene: Krek 1885, 60, Byhan 1958, 143ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 72a, 72b; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 126 IV, V; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Argentine: Hansen 1957.","A boy who intends to become a priest has been sold to the devil by his parents before birth [M211, S211, S222'S226, S240]. When the boy becomes aware of this contract he first asks a priest, then a bishop, and finally the pope for advice. The boy wants to go to hell in order to dissolve the contract [F81.2], and the pope sends him to a hermit [N843]. The hermit directs him to his brother, a robber. The robber takes him to hell [H1235]. In hell the boy obtains his contract [H1273.1] (after many efforts to persuade the devil) and sees the fiery bed (chair) prepared for the robber [F771.1.9, J172, Q561]. In anticipating his punishments the robber decides (is told) to do penance [Q520.2] until his dry staff puts forth fresh blooms and fruit [Q521.1.1, Q521.1.2]. Assured of forgiveness, he dies happy and goes to heaven [Q172.3] (cf. Type 756C). The hermit is astonished but reconciles himself to God's judgment (blasphemes God and is damned [Q312.3]). The boy returns from hell and becomes a priest. Cf. Types 756A, 756C.",Documented in the Middle Ages.,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756C,The Two Sinners (previously The Greater Sinner),"Andrejev 1924; Basset 1924ff. III, 247 No. 146, 537 No. 327; Wesselski 1930, 39�53; HDM 1 (1930�33) 356�358 (W. Anderson); Krohn 1931a, 107�111; Schwarzbaum 1968, 34f., 159, 470; Tubach 1969, No. 4119; Karlinger 1969, 45�49; Megas 1975, 113�120; Moser 1977, 55�67; Imellos 1979; Moser 1980, 139�160; EM 4 (1984) 389�394 (D.-R. Moser); Scherf 1995 II, 831�834; EM 11,1 (2003) 335�342 (C. Hauschild); Moser 2003; EM: Zweig: Der gr�nende Z. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 24; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, Nos. Q520.1, Q521.1.1; V29.1; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 247, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hen�en 1935, 244f., Zender 1984, No. 32, Berger 2001; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 441ff., III, 454; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 82, Klaar 1963, 184f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 49, Jason 1965, 1975; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. Q520.1; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 335, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 335, 336, El-Shamy 2004; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.5.92.","A robber seeks to do penance [Q520.1] for murdering ninety-nine men or for murdering his parents [Q211.1] (for shooting at a consecrated wafer [C55.2, Q222.1]). After being rejected by several confessors [V29.1] he is assigned the following penance by an old man: to 'plant' a firebrand (live coals, small twig, axe, garden) and to wait until it grows into a green tree [Q521.1.1]; to water the firebrand with water brought from a distance in his mouth [Q521.1.2]; to carry a bag of stones (one for each murder) on his back or an iron hoop on his head till it falls off [Q521.2, Q521.3]; to pasture black sheep till they become white [Q521.4]. Furthermore he should behave mercifully, carry a traveler over a stream, and offer free hospitality to all [Q523.5]. For many years the robber does penance in vain until he intercepts a man who is about to commit a great crime. The robber kills the man and then regrets the deed. Thereupon the firebrand blooms (the stones or the hoop fall off or the sheep turn white). His confessor tells him that all his sins have been forgiven because of the crime that was prevented by his last murder (because God is pleased with the hundredth murder) [Q545]. Cf. Types 756A, 756B.",Documented in the Middle Ages.,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756C*,Receipt from Hell,"Kretzenbacher 1959, 33�78; Kretzenbacher 1962, 18�33; Kretzenbacher 1977a, 65�88.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Danish: cf. B�dker/H�llen 1966, 47ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; German: Bartsch 1879, Nos. 632, 633, Hen�en 1935, No. 179, Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 88, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. H61, R�lleke 1983, No. 34, Berger 2001, No. III H 61; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 304; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 27f.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 756B*.",A tenant goes to hell (with the help of a little man) in order to procure a receipt for the rent from his dead landlord. He brings it back (and receives a mark as sign of contact with the dead).,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756D*,Who Is the More Devout (previously More Devout,"Basset 1924ff. III, 504 No. 305.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 42; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 340, Cardigos (forthcoming); Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 167, 169, 170, 201; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, Nos. *756D**, *756***; Russian: cf. SUS, Nos. 827***, 845A*; Jewish: cf. Gaster 1924, Nos. 413a, 413b; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 172f.; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",) A hermit (St. Peter) asks Christ if anyone is more devout than he. He is directed to a widow who hides in her house and takes care of the murderer of her only son (to a butcher who shelters the murderer of his father) [W15].,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756E*,Charity Rewarded,"Basset 1924ff. III, 36 No. 27, 100 No. 70; Schwarzbaum 1980, 282.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: cf. Meier 1940, No. 46; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1975; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: Jahn 1970, No. 32; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Charity is rated higher than prayer or attendance at mass [V410.1]. Friends make a pilgrimage to Christ's grave, and another friend stays at home (on the way, in the shop). When he sees a poor man carrying a dead sheep (hen) in order to feed his children, he gives him money (and goods). When the pilgrims return they say that they have also seen their friend who had stayed behind at the grave (their friend's name on the table in church). So they realize that the soul of a person who does good goes to Christ's grave. Cf. Type 759A.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,756G*,Faith Moves Mountains [D1766,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 186f. No. 353; Chauvin 1904; cf. Meyer 1914; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 683, 684; Wesselski 1925, No. 66; Tubach 1969, No. 3424; Uther 1981, 39�46; EM 5 (1987) 1270�1274 (H.-J. Uther).","Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. *D1766.1.14; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 306; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *756K*; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. D1766.1; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 776A�.","1, D2136.3.1]. This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A sultan orders that all Christians in his domain be put to death unless they can, by the strength of their belief, move a certain mountain. A poor (one-eyed, blind) shoemaker accomplishes the miracle: the power of his words pushes the mountain into the sea (along with the sultan and his courtiers). Thus the Christians are freed from their imprisonment. (2) A bishop imprisoned by heathens must demonstrate the power of his belief by moving a mountain. While he hesitates, a youth in his service accomplishes the miracle by the strength of his belief. The witnesses are so impressed that they convert to Christianity. (3) A Catholic craftsman uses his hammer to strike a mountain, which is moved into the sea.","This tale has been widespread since the Middle Ages. The oldest version is by Michael von Tani and Severus ibn al-Muqaffa, Siyar al-b a al-muqaddasa (10th/11th century); see Matthew (XVII,20, cf. XXI,21), and Luke (XVII,6). Popular as a proverbial phrase.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,757,The Emperor's Haughtiness Punished (previously The King's Haughtiness Punished),"Varnhagen 1882; Varnhagen 1884a, 18�60; Chauvin 1892ff. II, 161 No. 51; Wesselski 1925, No. 49; Schwarzbaum 1968, 6, 48, 80, 112, 463; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1894, 3015; Dahlke 1973; M�ller 1983, 13�21; Verfasserlexikon 5 (1985) 72�75 (M. Curschmann); EM 7 (1993) 660�666 (I. Tomkowiak).","Livonian: L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 89, Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 42, Boberg 1966, No. L411; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 43, Goldberg 1998, No. L411; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 22, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 33; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 104, MNK III; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff I, 485ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 1894; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 548; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 99, cf. No. 202, III, cf. No. 342; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 57; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. I, No. 106; Dominican: Andrade 1930, No. 219; Guinean: Klipple 1992.","(Jovinian, Roderigo). The emperor Jovinian feels like God. When he bathes, a stranger (angel) who looks like him takes away his clothes and reigns in his place [L411]. When Jovinian returns naked to the court nobody recognizes him and he is driven away. In his despair he starts to regret his former haughtiness. Later, when he asks again for the sovereignty, he is accepted as emperor. The stranger who had ruled in his place discloses himself as his guardian angel and disappears. From then on the emperor lives humbly in a godfearing manner.","Early version documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 59); oriental origin.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,758,The Various Children of Eve,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 247, II, 98f.; BP III, 308�321; Dondore 1939, 223�229; Schwarzbaum 1968, 66; Schwarz 1973, 200�204; Lefebvre 1980, 12�18; G�r�g-Karady 1983, 31�44; EM 4 (1984) 569�577 (L. R�hrich); Geddes 1986; Bluhm 1991, 159�171.","Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 41; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Thiele 1843 II, 141f.; Icelandic: Simpson 1972, 14; French: Blad� 1886 II, No. 4, Tegethoff II, 56; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1994, No. 161; German: Hen�en 1963, No. 1, Rehermann 1977, 137, 495f., Moser-Rath 1984, 134, 151, 233, Uther 1990a, No. 65, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 180; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 84; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 129, Eschker 1992, No. 76; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Bukowska-Grosse/Koschmieder 1967, No. 62; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Rosenhouse 1984, 224ff.; Moroccan: Dwyer 1978, 45f., El-Shamy 2004.","After the expulsion from paradise Eve gives birth to a child every year. Her children are all different: some beautiful, some ugly. When God pays her a visit Eve bathes her beautiful children and dresses them nicely. She hides the ugly ones. (She is ashamed of the number of her children and therefore hides some.) When God arrives he blesses the beautiful children and destines them to become kings, earls, citizens or traders. Thereupon Eve wants her ugly children (hidden in the straw, hay, oven) to be blessed as well. God destines those to be farmers, fishermen, smiths, tanners, shoemakers and servants. Upon Eve's protest God explains that every class is necessary and legitimate for the functioning of society. Sometimes Eve consents to God's will [A1650.1]. Cf. Type 1416.","Early version documented in the middle of the 16th century, e.g. Hans Sachs, Die ungleichen Kinder (1558).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759,Angel and Hermit (previously God's Justice Vindicated) [J225,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 157 No. 160; Rohde 1894; Katona 1900; BP II, No. 683; Basset 1924ff. II, 399 No. 124, III, 83 No. 60, 327 No. 197; Goebel 1932, 116�147; Schwarzbaum 1960, 119�169; Haase 1966; Schwarzbaum 1968, 8, 11, 40f. 42f., 61, 82f. 138, 157, 160, 303, 447f., 458; Tubach 1969, Nos. 223, 2558, 2559, cf. No. 815; EM 3 (1981) 1438�1446 (H. Schwarzbaum); Dekker et al. 1997, 125�127; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 172.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 26; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: Wigstr�m/Bring�us 1985, No. 32; Norwegian: Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1999, No. 22.1; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 81, Goldberg 1998, Nos. J225.0.1, *J225.0.4, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J225.4, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 282, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Hen�en 1935, No. 269, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 12; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 869; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 196, MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 418; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 53ff., 587f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 2558; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 153; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 199; Serbian: Eschker 1992, Nos. 67, 79; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, Nos. 58, 59; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 100; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 759, 759**, 759***, 759D*, 759E*; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 345f.; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 24, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 759, 796; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 73; Russian: SUS, No. 796*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 759, 796*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 114; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 393, Noy 1963a, No. 51, Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 58.","0.1]. A saint (Moses, Rabbi Joshua Ben Levi, St. Peter, hermit) doubts God's justice and blames him for sending suffering to virtuous people and well-being to bad ones. Or, a saint asks God for the reason for his decisions, an angel asks a saint (hermit) to accompany him to see God's secret decisions, or, an angel and a hermit meet and decide to travel together. The angel (God's messenger) forbids his companion to speak or to ask questions [C410, C411.1, C423.2, C491]. On their way the angel does many seemingly unjust and cruel things: he kills the child and/or the servant of a hospitable host and a man he meets in the street [J225.4, J225.5]; he repays hospitality by stealing a cup [J225.3], inhospitality by giving a cup (present); he repays an inhospitable person by constructing a house (rebuilding a fallen wall); he destroys the house (harvest) of hospitable people; he damages (sinks) a ship because of one sinner on board [J225.0.2, U21.3]; he kills the only cow of a poor woman; he offers good wishes to inhospitable people, and bad wishes to hospitable ones. Later the angel explains why each of these strange deeds was just. When the hermit sees the justification for each deed, he agrees that none of God's acts should be blamed or doubted. God's deeds are always justified. Cf. Types 759*, 840.","Theodicy legend, cf. Koran (18,65�82).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759*,The Hospitable Widow's Cow Killed,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 49 No. 215; Schwarzbaum 1960, 163f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 41.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 28; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; French: Soupault 1959, No. 23; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 127, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: cf. Merkelbach-Pinck 1940, 51; Swiss: M�ller/Walker 1987, No. 170; Hungarian: MNK III; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 759B; Jewish: Noy 1963b, No. 25.","A poor widow (man) hospitably receives God and St. Peter for the night [K1811]. The next day, when God orders a wolf to kill the widow's only cow, St. Peter rebukes God for ingratitude. God replies, 'She has no need of the cow, for tonight she will be with me.' Or, when the widow suffers her loss without reproach, God rewards her generously. Cf. Types 750B, 759.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759A,The Sinful Priest,"Banks 1904f. I, No. 687; Wesselski 1909, No. 80; Tubach 1969, No. 2672; EM 10 (2002) 1306�1308 (T. Dekker).","Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 49; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. J157.1; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 41; German: cf. Berger 2001, No. 759A*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III.","A man refuses to receive holy communion from an unworthy priest [V31.1]. God sends him a dream of unbearable thirst. He finds a well where a leper draws water for many people to drink. When he also wants to drink from it, the leper draws back his hand and says, 'Why do you want to take water from a leper's hand but you refuse to receive the sacrament from an unworthy priest' It is reprehensible to say that the power of the sacrament depends on the virtue of the man who gives it [J157.1, V39.3]. Cf. Type 756E*.","Early version documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Jacques de Vitry, Sermones vulgares (Jacques de Vitry/Crane, No. 155), Gesta Romanorum (No. 12).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759B,Holy Man Has his own Mass,"Frenken 1925, 215f.; Sieber 1931, 119f.; Loomis 1948, 29; Ranke 1955b, 52; Tubach 1969, No. 2068; Wildhaber 1974, 219�237; EM: Sonnenstrahl: Kleider am S. aufh�ngen (in prep.).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in 1942, 101, 106, B�aloideas 29 (1971) 161ff. No. 25; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Llano Roza de Ampudia 1925, Nos. 130, 131, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 201, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 138 No. 401; Frisian: Molen 1939ff. IV, 413; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1907, 212ff., Jegerlehner 1909, 95 No. 19, 180 No. 20, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 450f., 584, 586f.; Austrian: Graber 1944, 416, Geramb/Haiding 1980, No. 18; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff.; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, No. 189.","A man never comes to mass. When upbraided for not coming, he hangs his coat on a sunbeam. The priest realizes that he is a pious man and that even though he stays at home, he is nearer to God than the priest himself (other people) [Cf. F1011.1, V29.3, V43].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759C,The Widow's Flour,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 220, No. 152(10); Vries 1928, 327f.; EM 9 (1999) 488�490 (E. Schoenfeld).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 27; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1918ff. III, 67, 301, Gaster 1924, Nos. 436, 444, Neuman 1954, No. J355.1, Noy 1963a, No. 47, Jason 1975, 1988a; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 28.","A poor woman shares her small property with beggars but loses her last flour (bread) in a storm. When some traders arrive safely in spite of a leak (calm) she complains to the king (Solomon) about the injustice of the wind. In thanks for their rescue, the traders deliver a certain amount (of money) to the king to be given to the poor. At first they do not know where the leak is, but then they discover that a flour sack plugged the hole. The poor woman identifies the sack as the one she had lost, and the king gives her the money as compensation. (The god of the winds has to pay for the compensation) [J355.1].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759D,The Punishment of the Angel,EM 3 (1981) 1431�1438 (H. Schwarzbaum).,"Finnish: 1988ff. II, No. 40; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 795*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 795; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 92, II, No. 795; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 795; German: Peuckert 1959, No. 228; Austrian: Haller 1912, 128ff.; Hungarian: MNK III, No. 795; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 56ff., 587; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 538; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 108, 109; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 795; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 36; Greek: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 38, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 795; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 108; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 63; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 795; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 795; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1955, 266ff.; Indian: cf. Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 3.","(Including the previous Type 795.) An angel (the death) is sent by God to take the soul of a widow with two children [E722.2.10]. He does not fulfill the task [A106.2, E754.2.2.1, V233.1]. Thereupon God, in order to show that he cares even for the smallest creatures, tells the angel to fetch a stone out of the sea where a small worm is hidden [D1810.0.1]. The angel is punished by becoming deaf, blind or senseless, or he is driven out of the sky. He has to do penance for his sin on earth [A106.2.1] by pretending to be human and by serving a man (abbot, hermit, custodian, farmer) [A1549.4] on earth. As a servant he works for his master [D1811.2] but he acts in a ridiculous and strange way, smiling mysteriously [N456, M304]. He mocks a man who buys shoes that will last a long time, because the man will die soon. He throws stones at a church (wedding procession) because he sees the devil there. He favours a pub because the people inside pray and ask for God's mercy. At the burial of a dignitary he behaves disrespectfully, while at the burial of a poor man he renders his reverence [J225.8, J225.0.1.1]. He mocks holy things and scorns a crucifix (holy statue, shrine). He contradicts a judgment, saying it is wrong. He insults a beggar for being in reality a rich man. When he meets an emperor and his brother, a bishop, he smiles because he recognizes them as the two pitiful children who were the reason why he had been punished, and who had both achieved high positions. By this the angel finally learns something about divine justice.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,759E,The Miller of Sans Souci,"Schneider 1858; Basset 1924ff. II, No. 72; Wesselski 1927; Wesselski 1928a, 50�60; Jacob 1929, 200�204; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 415; EM 9 (1999) 993�998 (U. Marzolph).","German: Exilium melancholiae (1643) No. 105, Casalicchio (1703) 91, 459ff., Helmhack (1729) No. 177 (EM archive); Afghan: Lebedev 1972, No. 6.","A ruler's new palace is built where there is already a building (house, mill) that belongs to one of his subjects (old woman, miller). Because this subject objects to losing his home, rather than demolishing the small building, the ruler permits it to be incorporated into the new palace [P411.1].","Arabic origin; documented in the 10th century by al-Mas�d, Mur ad-dahab (No. 620). First appears in Europe in 1610 in G. Botero, Detti memorabili di personnagi illustri (262f.).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,760,The Unquiet Grave,"Feilberg 1914, 74�98; Brednich 1990, 138f.; EM 6 (1990) 63�65 (P.-L. Rausmaa); cf. EM 7 (1993) 1408f. (J. Jech).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 29, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C1401; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 160; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 4020, Kvideland/Sehmsdorf 1988, No. 22.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. E411.0.2; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 178, Hen�en 1955, No. 228, Hen�en 1959, No. 78, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. J9; Austrian: Graber 1944, 58ff.; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *760B; Czech: Tille 1929 I, 374f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 372f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 61, 331, II, No. 406; Serbian: cf. Karadi 1937, Nos. 20, 21; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 4020; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 61.","A man burns his three pregnant fianc'es (wife, wives). After the man's death his corpse reappears (again and again) in the church [E411.1, Q211.3]. Guests come to the parsonage to see the corpse. The clergyman's maidservant is paid to take the dead man and return him to his grave [E411.0.2]. But the corpse holds her fast and asks her to beg his murdered fianc'es' pardon when they come to the church. They agree only after the third time, whereupon the corpse returns to the grave and finds rest. In some variants a boy who mocks the church (clergyman, Virgin Mary) is condemned and sinks to earth as a stone. Later the stone is found and carried into a room where it laughs and tells its story. A special word cancels the curse and the corpse in the form of the stone changes to dust.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,760**,The Obstinate Child,"Sprenger 1897; BP II, 550�552; Schmidt 1963, 225�234; Schenda 1966; EM 4 (1984) 210f.; EM 6 (1990) 443f.","Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 77 No. 414; German: Herberger (1698) 74 (EM archive), M�ller/R�hrich 1967, Nos. H17, H18, L31; Rehermann 1977, 155f., 312, Arnim/Brentano 1979, No. 226a, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 117, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 266; Swiss: M�ller et al. 1926ff. I, No. 92; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *838A; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 239; Argentine: Borde 1923, 124.","An obstinate child (son) is disobedient and hits (mistreats) his mother. He becomes ill and dies. After he is buried, his hand keeps reaching out of the grave and will not decompose [E411.0.1]. The authorities advise his mother to strike the hand with a stick until it is bloody. It then goes back into the grave and the child is able to rest in peace.","Documented in the 16th century, e.g. Hans Sachs, Von der Kinderzucht (1552).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,760***,Salvation in the Cradle,"Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 80; Ranke 1911; EM 4 (1984) 214.","Swedish: Am Urquell N. F. 5 (1894) 119; French: S�billot 1904ff. III, 346; German: M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. J51, B�ck 1987, No. 219, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, Nos. 108, 224, Berger 2001, Nos. III J 51, V C 23; Swiss: Singer 1903f. II, 59; Austrian: cf. Vernaleken 1858, 31f. 211f., 224f.; Czech: Tille 1929 II 2, 108ff.","The soul of a dead man is unable to rest (is tormented in purgatory). It explains to a passer-by (someone who wants to help) that its salvation is governed by the growth of a certain tree. The first child who lies in a cradle (coffin) made from the wood of this tree will be the one who lays the soul to rest [D791.1.3]. In some variants, the child must become a priest. When he serves his first mass, the restless soul will be able to rest.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,760A,The Forgiven Skeleton,EM 7 (1993) 1408f. (J. Jech).,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 760; German: Ranke 1955ff. III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 370ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 20; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 29, 61, 331, II, No. 406; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 760.","(Including the previous Type 882B*.) A man kills his wife (bride), dies (is executed), and comes back to haunt the living. The dead man's body (skeleton, skull, bone, hand, etc.) is removed (because of a wager) from the cemetery. The dead man is willing to be taken back to his grave only by the person (brave girl) who had taken him out of it. (The skeleton clings to the girl until they reach home, where it explains that it could not find peace because in its lifetime it had slandered an illegitimate child. It asks the girl to beg the mother's pardon.) Once it has been forgiven the skeleton disintegrates to ashes and finds peace (deliverance).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,760A*,The Death of a Miser,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 137.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. Q272.3; Portuguese: Orto de Esopos 1956, 298f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 760A; Russian: SUS, No. 760A*, cf. Nos. 760A**, 760A****; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 760A*, cf. Nos. 760A***, 760B*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 760A*, cf. No. 760B*; Jewish: Jason 1988a.","A miser swallows his money before he dies. The devil (his sons, his servant) shakes the money out of him and carries off his body (to hell) [Q272.3].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,761,The Cruel Rich Man as the Devil's Horse,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 219; Schwarzbaum 1968, 83; cf. EM 10 (2002) 836�840 (R. W. Brednich); EM 11,1 (2003) 475�478 (L. Sauka).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, Nos. 30, 31, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E831; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: cf. Stroebe 1915 I, No. 24; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 224, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. *762; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Hen�en 1957, No. 88, Neumann 1971, No. 133; Swiss: Kuoni 1903, No. 294; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 31; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 337, II, Nos. 418, 492; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 12; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A farmer is helped in a conflict with his hard-hearted landlord. His magic helper performs all tasks (gives him a horse that performs all tasks for him). Finally the man learns that the horse is an ancestor of the landlord [Q584.2] and that it comes from hell (devil). When he tells his landlord what has happened, he is friendly from then on for fear of being transformed as well.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,762,Woman with Three Hundred and Sixty-five Children,"Nyrop 1909; Notes and Queries 251 (1923) 96 (A. Taylor); Wesselski 1925, No. 64; Schenda 1961, 56; Br�ckner 1974, 219, 730f.; Gobrecht 1992, 55�65; EM 9 (1999) 490�494 (B. Gobrecht); Bondeson 2000, 64�94.","Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Tegethoff 1923 I, No. 8, II, No. 31, EM 2 (1979) 538; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 44, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Wolf 1843, No. 45; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 263, Rehermann 1977, 138, 322, 429, 438, 492f., R�lleke 1983, No. 28, Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. XII, No. 2VogM/8, XIII, Nos. 2Wat/195, 2Wels/195; Petzoldt 1992, 293f., Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 521; Austrian: Haiding 1977b, No. 235; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 408; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f., No. 105.","A childless noblewoman accuses a poor mother of twins (triplets) of adultery [T587.1], whereupon the woman curses her to bear as many children as there are days (months) in a year [T586.1]. In the absence of her husband she gives birth to seven (nine, twelve, thirteen, or more) children (sons) [T586.1]. Being ashamed she orders her servant to drown all except one. The servant meets the father on his return and pretends to be carrying puppies in the basket. The father secretly educates the children and finally presents them to his wife and some guests. Guests and sons pray for mercy for the mother. From this time children of multiple birth have been called Guelfs (Dogs, Trazegnies, Porcelets, etc.) [L435.2.1]. Cf. Types 755, 765.","Early version in the 8th century by Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum (I,15) referring to Pliny, Naturalis historia (VII,3).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,763,The Treasure Finders who Murder One Another,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 194 No. 18, VIII, 100 No. 73; BP II, 153f.; Wells 1925, 58f.; Spies 1951; Schwarzbaum 1968, 82, 95, 457; Legman 1968f. II, 977; Tubach 1969, No. 1681; Faulkner 1973; Ranelagh 1979, 205�207; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 448; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 56, 299; EM: Schatzfinder morden einander (forthcoming).","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Karlinger/Gr�ciano 1974, No. 33; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. K1685, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1685, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 395, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 257; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 238f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 1681; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 505; Slovene: Vede 3 (1850) 79; Bulgarian: BFP; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 45; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Randolph 1957, 77, Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 837*A; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 48; Egyptian. Libyan, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Nigerian: Walker/Walker 1961, 44; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Ethiopian: M�ller 1992, 89; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.3.763.","Three (two, more) men (hunters, friends, brothers) find (rob) a treasure. When one of them goes to town to fetch some food, the others plan to murder one another in order not to share the treasure. Those who stayed kill (stab to death, drown) the one who left when he returns, but they die later from eating bread (wine) which he had poisoned [K1685]. In some variants Christ travels with some of his followers. When they find a treasure he tells them not to touch it but to continue their way. Later two of them return secretly to take the treasure and they murder one another. Or, two men find the treasure and murder one another. When Christ and his followers find them dead, Christ explains that this was the reason why he told them not to take the treasure.","Indian origin, see Jtaka (No. 48) and Tripitaka (Chavannes 1910ff., No. 115). European versions see e.g. Chaucer, Pardoner�s Tale and Frantova pr�va (No. 6).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,765,The Mother who Wants to Kill her Children [S12],"Kauffmann 1862, 5f.; Warnke 1885, LXIV�LXXIV, 56�59; EM 9 (1999) 490�494 (B. Gobrecht).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 32; Lappish: cf. Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 51, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Levinsen/B�dker 1958, No. 13; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 5 No. 2; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. VII, No. 2Hoz/60; Austrian: Haiding 1977, No. 235; Hungarian: Ga�l 1970, No. 34; Czech: cf. �r�mkov�/Sirov�tka 1990, No. 7; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 363f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 161, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 41; Russian: SUS, No. 765A*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 765, 765A*; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 765A*; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","(Including the previous Type 765A*.) A woman tries to kill her (illegitimate) children (twins, her third, her twelfth child, etc.) (by hiding them). The father rescues the children and keeps them hidden [R153.2.1]. After many years they emerge. The mother dies of fright (is executed) [Q211.8]. Cf. Types 755, 762.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,766,The Seven Sleepers,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 102 No. 376; Huber 1910; BP III, 460; Basset 1924ff. III, 123 No. 78; Loomis 1948, 115; Schindler 1961, 195�199; L�thi 1962, 19�30; R�hrich 1962f. I, 124�145, 274�280; Schwarzbaum 1968, 45, 449; Tubach 1969, No. 4440; EM 1 (1977) 678�680 (H. Lixfeld); Fuhrmann 1983; Karlinger 1986, 25�28; Kandler 1994; Hansen 2002, 397�402; EM: Siebenschl�fer (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rokala 1973, 121; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 48; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 763*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 346f., B I, 215ff., 336, B II, 176ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 353, 398f.; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 45; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. D1960.1; German: Rehermann 1977, 138, 313, 275f., 522f., EM 7 (1993) 1349, Tomkowiak 1993, 257, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 II, No. 392, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. KL 2; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. D1960.1; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 395; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 I, No. 26, El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 3.2.766.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with persons who are cast into in a magic sleep extending over many years [D1960.1]. Twelve children are cast into a three hundred year's sleep by an angel (only the eldest child St. Peter is mentioned by name). They go back in time, and they awake on the night when Jesus is born. From then on they follow him as his twelve apostles.","Tale with legendary traits (cf. Koran 18,9�26), see e.g. Gregory of Tours, Liber in gloria martyrum (No. 94).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,767,Food for the Crucifix,"BP III, 474�477; Reinhard 1925, 93�95; S�v�rffy 1957, 141�151; Tubach 1969, Nos. 761, 1379, 2115; Karlinger 1984ff.; EM 8 (1996) 517�521 (G. T�sk�s/�. Knapp).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 201, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Joos 1889ff. I, No. 75; German: Sch�nwerth 1857ff. III, 289, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. KL 9; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 4; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 76ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 66; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 827*; Greek: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 38, Megas/Puchner 1998; Jewish: Jason 1965; Lebanese, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 334, El-Shamy 2004; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 767, 767*A; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 109.","A pious (simple) boy offers bread to a statue (crucifix, image of Christ or the Virgin Mary). As his reward he is entertained in heaven [Q172.1].","Tale with legendary traits, documented since the Middle Ages, Guibert of Nogent, De pignoribus sanctorum (I,2,2).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,768,St,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 II, No. 100; D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 266; Zwierzina 1909, 130�158; Klapper 1914, No. 36, 101; Schr�der 1925f., 85�98; Schwickert 1931, 14�26; Rosenfeld 1937; Loomis 1948, 114; Langosch 1955, 133�139; Sz�v�rffy 1959, 212�230; Kretzenbacher 1968; Schwarzbaum 1968, 50f., 450; Tubach 1969, Nos. 985, 1049; Benker 1975; EM 2 (1979) 1405�1411 (M. Zender).","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 251, Janissen 1981, 8ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 257; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1909, No. 15; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 1049; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 86ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 21; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 110, 171, cf. Nos. 172, 174; Polish: Bukowska-Gro�e/Koschmieder 1967, No. 48.","Christopher and the Christ Child. The giant Reprobus (Christopher) wants to serve only the mightiest master. First he serves the king, but leaves because the king fears the devil. The giant serves the devil, but he leaves him when he refuses to pass a crossroads. A hermit (ferryman) tells the giant to carry a child across the river. The child becomes heavier with each step and finally explains the reason: that he is Christ who carries the sins of the world. The giant is doubtful, but then his staff changes into a blossoming plum (fig) tree. Thus he is convinced and from then on he bears the name Christophorus ' the man who carried Christ [Q25].","Early version documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Legenda aurea (Christophorus). The beginning of the legend is found only in early variants, and most variants start with Christophorus carrying the child across the river.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,769,"The Child's Grave (previously Dead Child's Friendly Return to Parents) [E324, E361]","Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 200; BP II, 485�490; HDA 8 (1936�37) 1107�1109; Meuli 1943; Alsheimer 1971, 139; Jahn 1982, 89; Schmidt 1999; Busch/Ries 2002 II, 1385�1392; Hansen 2002, 92�95; EM: Tr�nenkr�glein (in prep.).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 102 No. 1.2.1.8; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. E324, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Eigen Volk 3 (1931) 268; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Benzel 1962, No. 200, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, Nos. F41, F42, Tomkowiak 1993, 257f., 109, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 109, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 26, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 298; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 254; Slovene: Krainz 1880, 50f.; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1927, No. 156; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 4031, Coleman 1965, No. 26; Russian: L�wis of Menar 1914, No. 1; Jewish: Jason 1975; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 27; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 2150.",This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A mother discovers her dead child in a procession of dead children. It is forced to carry a heavy jug and tells its mother to stop weeping because it has to collect all her tears in the jug. From then on the mother stops weeping. (2) A dead child returns to tell its mother to stop weeping. Its shroud is so wet from her tears that the child cannot find rest in the grave. From then on the mother bears her pain without weeping and her child stays quiet in the grave.,"Version (1) documented in the Middle Ages by Thomas Cantipratanus, Bonum universale de apibus (II,53,17). The theme is also found in classical sources.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,770,The Nun who Saw the World,"Ward 1883 II, No. 27, III, 342; Watenphul 1904; Wesselski 1909, No. 39; Guiette 1927; Tubach 1969, No. 536; Alsheimer 1971, 123; Frenzel 1988, 81�86; Duinhoven 1989; R�ckelein/Opitz 1990; Opitz 1993, 175�190; Wilmink/Meder 1995; EM 10 (2002) 69�72 (M. Fenske).","Latvian: �mits 1962ff. X, 8, 60ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 46; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. K1841.1; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Top 1982, No. 53; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 20; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Italian: Busk 1874, 228ff.; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 536; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1.",A nun (named Beatrice) breaks her vow and leaves the convent (out of love or passion). During her absence the Virgin Mary takes her place in the community [K1841.1]. When the nun returns to the convent the miracle becomes evident.,"Early version documented in the Middle Ages (1197), Giraldus Cambrensis, Gemma ecclesiastica (II,11).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,770A*,Guardian Angel,"Schmidt 1966, 66f.; Molen 1974, 118�121; Dekker et al. 1997, 127�130; Lieburg 2000; Lieburg 2001.","English: Eigen Volk 6 (1934) 172ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 138 No. 361, Meder 2000, No. 102; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyere 1925ff. II, 39�42; German: Schell 1897, 183f., 205f., Lohmeyer 1978, No. 104, Fischer 1991, No. 163, Brednich 1993, No. 101.","This miscellaneous type includes different tales dealing with people who are protected by an invisible being (angel) from danger, injury, or acting badly [V238]. Examples: (1) A priest offends the new (second) wife of a prince. The prince wants to take revenge. He summons the priest, intending to shoot him. When the priest arrives, the prince instead invites him to dinner. The courtiers ask the prince why he suddenly changed his mind. He says that someone standing next to him told him what to do. No one else saw such a person, so the prince thinks it must have been an angel. (2) A girl going through a forest is followed by a man who tries to rape her. She falls to her knees and prays to God, and the man lets her go. A few days later he attacks another girl and is arrested. He is asked why he let the first girl go, and replies that someone was with her. (3) A clergyman who is disliked by his congregation is called to go to the house of someone who is dying. When he arrives he finds no one there. He thinks he was the victim of a prank and goes home. Years later when he goes again to a deathbed, he learns that the false summons had been made by someone who intended to kill him. But the villain saw that the clergyman was accompanied by someone else (angel, man dressed in white) and gave up his plan.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,772,Wood for the Holy Cross,"Schirmer 1886; Kampers 1897; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 87�94; Combes 1901; Delehaye 1907, 36f.; D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 207�214; Peuckert 1927; HDA 5 (1932/33) 487�499 (A. Jacoby); Schmitt 1959, 147�149; R�mer 1961; Quin 1962; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1339, 5373; Verfasserlexikon 4 (1983) 117�119 (I. Kasten); Verfasserlexikon 5 (1984) 371f. (W. Williams-Krapp); cf. K�hler-Z�lch 1993; EM 8 (1996) 398�401 (D. Drascek).","Finnish: Aarne 1912a, No. 131, Aarne 1920, No. 131; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 77; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 108; Scottish: Baughman 1966, No. A2721.2.1.1; Irish: Baughman 1966, No. A2721.2.1.2; English: Baughman 1966, Nos. A2721.2.1.1, A2721.2.1.4; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 756H; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 756H; German: Kubitschek 1923, 63f., Meyer 1932, 214; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 202, 525, 557; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *772A; Rumanian: Karlinger 1990, No. 36; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2445; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. A2721.2.1.1; African American: Baughman 1966, No. A2721.2.1.3.","This miscellaneous type comprises various legends dealing with the wood used for the Holy Cross (wood from a tree in Paradise used for Jesus' Crucifixion; the Holy Cross rediscovered by St. Helena and recovered by the Emperor Heraclius) [A2221.2.2, A2721.2.1, Z352]. Examples: Adam's son Seth wants to bring oil from the tree of mercy to his dying father. An angel gives him instead a branch (seed) from the Tree of Life (Tree of Knowledge), which Seth plants on Adam's grave. Later, Solomon has this tree cut down to use in his temple. The beam does not fit so it is used as a bridge and subsequently buried. It is discovered just in time to be used to make the cross for the Crucifixion. Cf. Type 772*.",Legends about the wood of the Holy Cross begin with a few apocryphal motifs in the 11th and 12th centuries.,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,772*,The Flies Instead of Nails on Christ's Heart,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 214f.; K�hler-Z�lch 1993; EM 8 (1996) 401�407 (C. Dauven-van Knippenberg).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 147; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 377; Greek: cf. Klaar 1963, 89f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2533.","Flies look like nails and prevent more nails being driven in [A2221.2.1, B483]. Cf. Type 772.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,773,Contest of Creation between God and the Devil,"D�hnhardt 1907f. I, 164�205; BP III, 199; Lixfeld 1968; Lixfeld 1971; EM 1 (1977) 138; EM 2 (1979) 581f.; EM 3 (1981) 903�918 (C. Daxelm�ller); EM 7 (1993) 99; EM 8 (1996) 833�835 (R. W. Brednich); Schubert 1999.","Finnish: Aarne 1912a, Nos. 81, 84, Aarne 1920, No. 105; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 58, Loorits 1949ff. I, 276f.; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, Nos. 3081�3235, Balys 1940, Nos. 124�130, 139�146, 152; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. VI, Nos. 329, 330; French: S�billot 1904ff. III, 4; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, No. 773B; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 338, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 773B; Frisian: Poortinga 1977, Nos. 226, 227, 237�239, Poortinga 1980, Nos. 145�147; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 845; German: Bartsch 1879f. I, 518f., Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 II, No. 62, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 148; Italian: De Nino 1883f. IV, 79; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 106; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, Nos. 2490, 2491, 2621, cf. No. 2490, 2492; Jewish: Neuman 1954, Nos. A50�A54.1, A60�A63.8; Siberian: Holmberg 1927, 315f.; Iranian: Carnoy 1917, 261f., 275; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, Nos. A50, A60, A63.1; Hawaiian: Beckwith 1940, 45, 61, Kirtley 1971, No. A1217; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, Nos. A1750, A1751; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 160.","This miscellaneous type comprises different tales dealing with the theme, 'God and the devil as creators.' [A1750ff., A2286.2ff.]. They have a strong dualistic tendency. Examples: (1) The creation of contrasting animals. The devil makes creatures in competition with God (often copies the creatures God made) [A1751]. (2) The devil tries to create humans but fails, and instead he creates certain animals [A1755, A1811, A1833.1, A1862, A1893]. For example, God makes Adam out of clay and the devil tries to copy him. He shapes the clay and blows life into it, but it turns into a monkey. In other variants, the devil makes inferior races of humans. (3) The good principle competes with the bad one, as God and the devil create various animals. God creates a wolf which is called 'God's dog', and the destructive devil deliberately creates goats [A63.4]. The devil's animals devour God's animals [A2286.2.1]. (4) The devil's animals are brought to life by God [A1217]. The devil shapes some animals but only God (the name of God) can bring them to life. When the devil refuses to utter God's name, the animals remain lifeless [A1756]. (5) God takes the devil's animals. The devil creates (owns) animals that God wants for himself. God alters the appearance (colors) of the devil's animals so that he cannot recognize them [A1750ff., K483].","Early version in 16th century literature, e.g. Hans Sachs, Der dewffel hat die gais erschaffen, hat in dewffelaugen eingesetzt (1556).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,773**,God and Devil Dispute over Miser's Soul,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 101.","Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 88, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; German: KHM/Uther 1996 IV, 359�361; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 40; Spanish-American: Hansen 1957, No.*773B; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1921, Nos. 42, 60.",God says the devil may have the soul of a miser if he can fill a cask with money. God knocks the bottom out of the cask and hangs it in a tree over a gorge. The devil is unable to fill the cask and leaves the soul to God. Cf. Type 1130.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774,Christ and St,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 55, 59f., 80f., 127, 143, 150, 167, 157, 163, 171f., 205, 262f., 343, II, 82�87, 93f., 99�102, 104f., 107�195; Lixfeld 1971, 98, 144�146; Nagy 1981; EM 2 (1979) 1422f.; EM 4 (1984) 160f.; EM 10 (2002) 802�810 (E. Wimmer), 814�824 (S. Neumann).","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Nos. 774S, 774Y, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 266, Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 137�139, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 774*O, 774S, 774Y; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969, No. 4145.","Peter. This miscellaneous type consists of various jests about Christ and St. Peter during their visit on earth [K1811] or creating the world. Cf. Types 330, 750A, 752A, 752B, 753, 774A'774P, 785, 785A, 791, 800'802, 805, 822, and 1656.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774A,St,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 10; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 684; EM 8 (1996) 264�268 (R. W. Brednich); EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS1169; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Sch�nwerth 1857ff. III, 308, M�ller/Orend 1972, No. 232, Kapfhammer 1974, 124; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 161; Italian: Schenda 1996, No. 30; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 586f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 412, 561; Greek: cf. Kretschmer 1917, No. 54; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 289; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 8; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","Peter Wants to Create a Man (replaces the head of an innocent, beheaded person). He puts the head on backwards [E34, E783.1]. St. Peter consoles himself with the idea that the resuscitated person could become a rope-maker who has to walk backwards while working. In some variants Christ asks St. Peter to settle a dispute between a woman and the devil. Thoughtlessly he cuts off the heads of both. When he puts the heads back, he exchanges them. Since that time it is said that women have had the devil inside their bodies. Cf. Type 1169.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774B,St,"Wesselski 1911 I, No. 57; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).",French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III.,Peter Cannot Sell his Donkey because he points out all its defects.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774C,The Legend of the Horseshoe,"Bolte 1898, 303�308; ZfVk. 35�36 (1925/26) 180; Schwarzbaum 1968, 109; EM 6 (1990) 1292�1297 (G.T�sk�s, E. Knapp); EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. II, No. 101, Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Basque: Frey/Brettschneider 1982, 98f.; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 130�132, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Benzel 1965, No. 100, Tomkowiak 1993, 258; Swiss: L�tolf 1862, 110; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, 51; Italian: De Nino 1883f. IV, 68 No. 7, Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 43; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 581; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 257; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 14ff., Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 25; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 7; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 54; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 752D; Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","Christ and St. Peter find a horseshoe. St. Peter is unwilling to lean over to pick it up. Christ picks it up, sells it and buys cherries with the proceeds. He drops them one by one on the way and the thirsty St. Peter has to bend over to pick up every single cherry.",NA,"774D, 774H."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774D,St,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 188�190; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; German: Sch�nwerth 1857ff. III, 298, Hen�en 1955, No. 276, Benzel 1962, 184; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 872; Austrian: Mailly 1926, No. 164; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 17; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 780f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 546; Slovene: Flere 1931, 53ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 109, 110, 365; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 34; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004.","Peter Acts as God for a Day. A girl takes her goat (cow, pig, goose) to pasture and leaves it, saying, 'May God take care of you!' Thereupon St. Peter, who is taking God's place, has to run everywhere after the goat [L423].","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Sant Petter mit der gei� (1546).",774C.
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774E,St,"K�hler et al. 1894, 75f.; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. *845; Danish: cf. Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 85; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Portuguese: Cust�dio/Galhoz 1987, 146f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 42; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; German: Meier 1852, No. 139, Dittmaier 1950, No. 388, cf. Grannas 1960, No. 69; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 55f., 576f., 587; Slovene: Kosi 1898, 132; Greek: Megas 1963f.",Peter Gets Permission to Gather Grapes. St. Peter returns to heaven late and says that in prosperity men forget to pray. Thereupon God sends rising prices to earth. This time St. Peter returns to heaven quickly and says that now all the people pray and ask for God's help.,"Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Sant Petter kam auf erden (1546).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774F,St,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 172; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. I, No. 795; French: RTP 3 (1888) 180; German: Hen�en 1955, No. 275, Neumann 1968b, 60f., 140; Austrian: Mailly 1926, No. 280, Haiding 1969, No. 157; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 16; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 93, MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 588; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 139, 153, 157, II, No. 429; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 57f.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 210; Bulgarian: BFP; Gypsy: Tillhagen 1948, 55ff., MNK X 1.","Peter with the Fiddle. St. Peter, against Christ's advice, insists on going into a pub where carpenters, soldiers and Gypsies are celebrating. Christ puts a violin on his back and when St. Peter explains to the people that he cannot play the instrument, they beat (laugh at) him.","Early version in the 16th century see Hans Sachs, Sant Petter auf der hochzeit (1551).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774H,Christ Puts Knots in Wood,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 174�176; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 111; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 82, Hen�en 1935, No. 102, Peuckert 1959, No. 3, Neumann 1968b, 60f.; Austrian: Mailly 1926, No. 165; Ladinian: Uffer 1955, 65ff.; Hungarian: MNK III; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 588f., Jech 1984, 276; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 48; Gypsy: Erd�sz/Futaky 1996, No. 19, MNK X 1.","St. Peter, angry at carpenters, wants Christ to make wood (trees) with iron knots (branches, nails). But Christ makes the branches only out of hard wood [cf. A2738, A2755.4].",NA,774C.
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774J,Why St,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 172f.; Schwarzbaum 1989a, 295; R�hrich 1991f. II, 1153; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 47f.; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Hen�en 1951, No. 27, Benzel 1965, No. 99; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Slovene: Zupanc 1944a, 74ff.","Peter Became Bald. St. Peter receives two (three) cakes from a farmwife (bakery woman). He shares only one (bad) cake with Christ and hides the other (good) one under his cap where it burns all his hair off [cf. A1315.2]. Cf. Types 751G*, 774L. In some variants St. Peter becomes so tousled during a fight in a pub that he loses all his hair.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774K,St,"Sz�v�rffy 1957, 119f.; Schwarzbaum 1979, viii, 345 not. 16; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann); Hansen 2002, 329�331.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 135, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Merkens 1892ff. III, No. 68, Zender 1984, No. 49; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 24; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 114; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 5; Ukrainian: SUS; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Peter Stung by Bees. St. Peter becomes angry at Christ for destroying the harvest of all the farmers because of only one sinner. But he himself drowns a whole hive because of one bee sting. When Christ points to the parallel, St. Peter is subdued [J225.0.2]. Or, St. Peter protests when a ship is sunk by Christ because one sinner is aboard. Christ sends him to fetch honey from a hive. St. Peter crushes all the bees when one stings him.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774L,Mushrooms from St,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. II, 107; EM 2 (1979) 819f.; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 53 No. 1.1.2.16; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 168, Benzel 1962, No. 211; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 349 No. 205, Schlosser 1956, No. 91; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 138, II, No. 573; Slovene: Tomai 1942, 203ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2636, Bukowska-Gro�e/Koschmieder 1967, No. 49; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","Peter's Spittle [A2613.1]. St. Peter receives a cake (pancake, bread) from a woman and eats it secretly. When Christ talks to St. Peter he tries to hide what he is eating and spits it out. Afterwards mushrooms grow from the cake. Cf. Type 774J.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774N,St,"Cf. Schwarzbaum 1989a, 295; EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 144, Cardigos (forthcoming); Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1870, No. 19; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 590, 602f.; Slovene: Kosi 1890, 25f., Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 25; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1.",Peter's Gluttony. Christ keeps asking questions of the gluttonous St. Peter so that he must continually spit out mouthfuls in order to be able to answer.,NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,774P,St,"Scheiber 1985, 329 No. 19; Schwarzbaum 1960, 129; Walker 1991, 26�28; EM 8 (1996) 633�636, esp. 635 (U. Marzolph); EM 10 (2002) 814�824 (S. Neumann).","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 236, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Neumann 1973, No. 36; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 427; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 20; Bulgarian: BFP; Turkish: Uysal 1986, 119; Jewish: Jason 1975; Georgian: Orbeliani/Awalischwili et al. 1933, No. 18; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. A27771.9; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *1689B; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 774Q�; Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","Peter and the Nuts. St. Peter (man) doubts the justice of the creation and complains that large trees have small fruit. Thereupon Christ (God) lets gourds (melons) grow on small branches and nuts (walnuts, acorns, pears, figs) on strong trees [A2771.9]. When an acorn falls on St. Peter's head, he understands the order of the natural phenomena.","Important literary treatment, see La Fontaine, Fables (IX,4). Oriental traditions are found from the 18th century.",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,775,Midas' Short-sighted Wish,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 III, No. 272, V, 121; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 180; Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967; Dekker et al. 1997, 198�201; EM 9 (1999) 633�641 (M. Bo�kovi-Stulli); Thiel 2000; Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 401f. (M. Kern).","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Swedish: EU, No. 23375; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Dutch: Haan 1979, 133f., Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 35, Kooi 2003, No. 35; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Rehermann 1977, 139, 325 No. 20, Moser-Rath 1984, 8, 287; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 409; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3281*; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 16; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 775, cf. No. *745*; Greek: Megas 1965, No. 63, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 360A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 775; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 435, Jason 1965, 1975; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 48; Indian: Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 31, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. II, 7; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Phrygian farmers take an old man (Silen) to Midas (to a nameless poor man), who recognizes him as the educator of Dionysos. Midas organizes a feast for the old man and then hands him over to Dionysos. The grateful Dionysos gives Midas a wish. He wishes that everything he touches will turn to gold [J2072.1]. Even his food and drink turn to gold so that he cannot eat. He asks Dionysos to take back the gift. Dionysos agrees and Midas has to bathe in the river Paktolos. From that time on the river contains gold. In some variants Midas dies from hunger and thirst. Cf. Type 782.","For the story of Midas, see Ovid, Metamorphoses (XI,85�173).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,777,The Wandering Jew,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 406; Anderson 1965; Schwarzbaum 1968, 65, 400, 441, 482; Tubach 1969, No. 2801; EM 1 (1977) 227 (H. Lixfeld); Schwarzbaum 1982, 17f.; EM 4 (1984) 577�588 (O. Schnitzler); Hasan-Rokem/Dundes 1986; Frenzel 1988, 15�21; Dekker et al. 1997, 400�404; Hasan-Rokem 1999, 93�102.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 33; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 754*, Loorits 1959, No. 144; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 754*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 436 No. 1.2.1.10, 443 No. 1.3.0.1; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 49; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 754***; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. I, No. 5; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. B II, 597f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 47, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 365, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 1979a, 80ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Joos 1889ff. I, No. 38, Boone 1999 II, 1180ff.; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 906; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, Nos. 28, 32, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, Nos. 143, 344, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 49; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 39; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 93 nos. 60�64, Mailly 1926, No. 150; Ladinian: Danuser Richardson 1976, No. Q502.1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 1, MNK III, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 436; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 27f.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 43; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 754*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 94; Mexican: Robe 1973; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 101.","Christ carries the cross to Golgotha. When he wants to rest for a moment, a Jew (shoemaker), who owns the house there, does not permit it. From then on the Jew has to wander about on earth forever, unable to die [Q502.1, cf. A221.3]. Cf. Type 750E (7).",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,777*,The Flying Dutchman,"Gerndt 1971; MacDonald 1982, No. E511.1.2; EM 4 (1984) 1299�1305 (H. Gerndt); Woeller/Woeller 1991, 181�200.","Irish: O�Faolain 1965, 18f.; Frisian: Dykstra 1895f. I, 76; German: Gr��e 1868f. II, No. 1218, Mackensen 1925, No. 64, Wiepert 1964, Nos. 28, 30, 38, 41, 44, 82.","A captain (Dutchman) is unable to sail around a cape (reach a harbor) because of a strong wind. He swears that he will reach his goal, even if it takes forever. (He is condemned to sail forever because of his sins.) Ordinary sailors who encounter this ship believe it to be a ghost ship (they see it in different forms). Often its crew give them letters addressed to people who died long ago. Meeting the Flying Dutchman portends storm, shipwreck, or death [E511'E512].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,778,To Sacrifice a Giant Candle,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 IV, No. 127; Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 2; Bebel/Wesselski 1907 I 2, No. 41; Herbert 1910 III, 8, 36; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 304, 305; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1297, 3975; EM 7 (1993) 1178�1183 (S. Neumann); Hansen 2002, 435�438.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. VI, Nos. 371�373, Jauhiainen 1998, No. F131; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1911, 35; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 89; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 1553A*; Danish: Kristensen 1892 I, No. 69, 154�159, Kristensen 1903 II, Nos. 36, 52, 110�119, 552�555; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 1553A*; Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 48, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 130, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Goldberg 1998, No. K231.3; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. II, No. 423, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Vries 1971, 116f.; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 131; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 1553A*; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *1553A, Legros 1962, 101; German: Merkens 1892ff. I, No. 162, Hen�en 1951, No. 82*, Rehermann 1977, 139, 356 No. 4; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 248, MNK III; Slovakian: Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 142; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 124; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 85, Dolenec 1972, No. 48; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 IV, No. 578; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4779, 4780, cf. No. 4781, Schott/Schott 1971, No. 41; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 778, 848*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 415f. No. 7; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Krauss 1907, 25f.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. K231.3.1; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 130ff.; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 1553A*; West Indies: Flowers 1953, 501.","(Including the previous Type 1553A*.) A sailor (farmer, Gypsy) in distress at sea (in a difficult situation) promises to sacrifice a giant candle (as high as a mast, as long as a pole) more expensive than he can afford. When he is asked to produce it, he replies that the candle would become smaller by itself, or he discharges his promise by offering a small light, or does not fulfill the promise at all [K231.3, K231.3.1]. Cf. Type 1718*. Version from the Middle Ages: A farmer leading a cow and a calf to St. Michael fears the sea and calls on the saint for help, promising to sacrifice the calf. When free from danger, he says that St. Michael was foolish to expect him to give the calf. Again the sea rises, again the farmer calls for help, and St. Michael appears. Now the farmer promises to sacrifice both the cow and the calf, but again he does not discharge his promise. The third time the sea swallows him up together with the animals.","Aesopic fable (Perry 1965, 425f., No. 28, 427 No. 34).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,778*,Two Candles,"Wickram/Bolte 1903, No. 37; Poliziano/Wesselski 1929, No. 51; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 94; EM 7 (1993) 1183�1186 (S. Neumann).","Spanish: Chevalier 1983, No. 49, Camarena Laucirica 1991, No. 134, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 271, 272, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 21, Moser-Rath 1984, 168, 291; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 871; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 854*; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 389; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 I, No. 3259; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 940A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS.","A pious man (old woman) lights a candle for (before the image of) God (a saint), and another one for (before the image of) the devil [V55] (cf. Type 1645B). When a priest (sexton) asks him why he does this, he explains that one never knows where one will end up. So it is wise to be on good terms with both.","Early version documented in the Middle Ages, see e.g. John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (A XX,9).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,779,Miscellaneous Divine Rewards and Punishments,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 219 No. 152(7), VIII, 136 No. 132, 169 No. 185; Jason 1999, 129�144.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 51 No. 1.1.1.10, 91 No. 1.1.2.9; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, 779D*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 67, Martha/Pinto 1912, 146f., Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. *776, 779*A, 779*B; German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 28, Berger 2001, No. VI B 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK III, No. 779A*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 371f. No. 779A*; Slovene: Kosi 1898, 143f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 777; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 64; Bulgarian: cf. Haralampieff/Frolec 1971, No. 29, BFP, Nos. *779E*, *779F*; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 779D*; Russian: SUS, Nos. 779***, 779B*�779D*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 779*, 779**, 779D*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 779*, 779**, 779C*, 779C**; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 111, 184; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. *776, 769*, 779, Noy 1968, No. 35, Jason 1988a, Nos. 779*A, 779*B, Haboucha 1992, No. **779D*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 779B*; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 779D*; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 779*B, 779*�*D; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 779C*; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 779A*'C*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with divine rewards and punishments from God (Christ, St. Peter) for mothers, fathers, children, orphans, poor persons, emperors, kings, queens, robbers, etc. for piety, generosity, tolerance, birth, crime, blasphemy, laziness, etc.",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,779E*,The Dancers of Kolbeck [C94,"Ward 1883 II, No. 30; Siebert 1902; Stieren 1911; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 388; DVldr 1935ff. II, No. 39; Kretzenbacher 1961; Schenda 1961, 94f., 505; Holtorf 1969, 13�45; Tubach 1969, No. 1419; Metzner 1972; Br�ckner 1974, 682; Chesnutt 1980a, 158�166; EM 5 (1987) 350f.; R�hrich 1993, 599�634; Verfasserlexikon 9 (1995) 616�620 (F. R�dle).","Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 1931, No. 168; Spanish: Goldberg 1998, No. C94.1.1; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. C94.1.1; Portuguese: Buescu 1984, 136, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 777B; German: Moser-Rath 1964, No. 143, Rehermann 1977, 156 No. 33, 368f. No. 9, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 232; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, Nos. 3, 28; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 237.","1.1]. On Christmas Eve, outside a church, a farmer of (the fictitious town) Kolbeck holds a dance with fifteen other farmers and three women, while a mass is said. When the priest comes out of the church, he curses all the dancers in God's name. From then on they have to dance ceaselessly [Q386]. They dance themselves into the earth, hollowing out a hole, and finally die. After their death, as many stones as there were dancers were set up as a memorial.","Documented by Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 342).",NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,779F*,Mass of the Dead,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 133; Schell 1911; BP III, 472�474; HDA 3 (1930/31) 536�539 (C. Mengis); Krappe 1947; Deneke 1958; EM 5 (1987) 933�939 (I. K�hler).","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. C1341, C1821; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 1, 2; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 64, cf. No. 65; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. 3558; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 1; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 4015; Danish: Kristensen 1892ff. II, 280ff.; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, Nos. E242, E492; Irish: Lover 1831, 112ff.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 40d, Le Braz 1945 I, 63ff., II, 101ff., S�billot 1968, 103ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. III, Nos. 760E, 836G; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 288, Braga 1987 I, 197, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 760E, 760*B, 836G; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 75 No. 403; Frisian: Kooi 2000b, 23, Kooi/Schuster 2003, Nos. 46, 47; Flemish: Wolf 1843, No. 581; German: Watzlik 1921, 48, Peuckert 1964ff. III, Nos. 2060, 2064, 2067, 2071, cf. Nos. 2062, 2069, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, Nos. J18, N3, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 176, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 8; Swiss: EM 7 (1993) 867; Ladinian: Rossi de S.ta Juliana/Kindl 1984, No. 22; Maltese: cf. Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *381; Hungarian: Bihari 1980, No. D I, 1�2; Slovene: Mailly/Matietov 1986, No. 12; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, Nos. 115, 116, 118; Croatian: Ardali 1908b, 152ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 4015; Ukrainian: Archiv f�r slavische Philologie 6 (1882) 247, L�wis of Menar 1914, No. 1; Jewish: Neuman 1954, No. E494; US-American: Jones 1944, 242, 245.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A woman (man) who thinks she has overslept for an early church service (during Advent, on Christmas or New Year's) hurries to church. She finds it brightly lit and filled with unfamiliar worshipers ' it is the Mass of the Dead. A dead acquaintance (neighbor) tells her to leave. Terrified, she runs away, but leaves a piece of clothing behind. She goes back but cannot retrieve it because the church door will not open. The next morning, the clothing is found, ripped to shreds, in the graveyard [E492, E242]. In some variants, the witness becomes ill and dies shortly after. (2) A person accidentally witnesses a Mass of the Dead (during Advent, on Christmas or New Year's, on All Saint's Day, All Souls Day, or the day of a particular saint). A priest asks him if he will receive (serve) Holy Communion. The man agress and is blessed. The priest tells him that he had been unable to rest in peace until he could administer this sacrament to a living person. The visitor dies shortly after [E492, E242].",Texts of group (1) come chiefly from central and northern Europe; texts of group (2) come from France and from Catholic German-speaking regions.,"755, 760."
Religious Tales,NA,NA,779G*,Crime against Grain,"D�hnhardt 1907ff. I, 212�214; BP III, 417�420; HDS (1961�63) 141�144; Schmidt 1963, 259�264; R�hrich 1974, 30f.; EM 1 (1977) 231�233 (K. Ranke); EM 2 (1979) 818f.; Schwarzbaum 1982, 144 not. 115.","Lithuanian: Balys 1936, No. 3220; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1, 286�288; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 194, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 28, Hubrich-Messow 2000, 217; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 2635; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 77; Indian: Bompas 1909, 401; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 86; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 32.","A woman uses bread (corn, grain) to clean her child [C851.1.2]. As punishment Christ (God, Virgin Mary, saint) shortens the grain to the length it has today [A2793.5].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,779H*,Star Money,"BP III, 233f.; HDA 8 (1936/37) 469�476; Zimmermann 2001.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 481*; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 153; Croatian: Stojanovi 1879, 77f.","A poor mistreated orphan leaves her foster-parents and reaches a dark forest. After she gives all her belongings to four other children, suddenly a beautiful woman comes down from heaven and takes the fourth child. The woman is grateful and promises all heaven's blessings to the orphan girl. When she waves to the stars, silver coins fall down into her outstretched shirt [F962.3].",NA,NA
Religious Tales,NA,NA,779J*,Breaking the Sabbath,"HDA 8 (1936/37) 104�114 (G. Jungbauer); Fabula 5 (1962) 82; Graus 1965, 481�484; Tubach 1969, Nos. 646, 758, 1542, 3525, 4135, 4136, 4971; Griepentrog 1975, 191; EM 5 (1987) 322f.; EM 9 (1999) 184.","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. F1�F100; Estonian: Raudsep 1969, No. 35; Norwegian: cf. Christiansen 1958, No. 3015, Christiansen 1964, 75f., Grambo 1970, 261; Scottish: Agricola 1967, Nos. 1, 37, 84 II, 343 II, 350; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. C631; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. C631; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 140, 207, 208, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 760F; Frisian: Dykstra 1895f. II, 206, Kooi/Schuster 2003, Nos. 124.1, 242.1�242.5; German: Meyer 1929, 315, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. H26, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 232, Berger 2001, Nos. III H 27, VI B 2; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 11, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 528, Maissen 1990, 14; Austrian: Depiny 1932, Nos. 98, 104, 118, Fielhauer/Fielhauer 1975, No. 530; Ladinian: Rossi de S.ta Juliana/Kindl 1984, 130f., 132; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 368B*; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 368B*; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *752A***; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 792, II, Nos. 3015, 3086, 8085, Vildomec 1979, No. 18; Russian: SUS, No. 752A**, cf. No. 827A*; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. C631; Moroccan: Stumme 1895, No. 34.","(Including the previous Types 368B* and 1705B*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various religious legends dealing with offences against the commandment to rest on Sunday (another holy day) by people who work in the house or fields, go hunting, or participate in forbidden amusements [C631]. Punishments for these offences are various (cf. Type 751E*). Examples: Hay harvested on Sunday turns to stone. Someone who goes picking berries instead of going to church becomes ill (dies, is lost). Someone who goes hunting instead of to church suffers an accident (dies). Someone who plays bowls on Sunday is killed by a ball. A choirboy who plays cards behind the organ is caught by the devil. People who play cards or dance on Christmas instead of going to church sink into the earth along with the house in which they met [C94.1.1] (cf. Type 779E*).","The biblical narrative (and other sources) creates an etiological tale for the Sabbath already in Genesis, emulating God�s rest after the six days of creation (Gen. 2,1�3). The day of rest includes all, free men and women as well as slaves and working animals (Ex. 20,8�11; Dtn. 5,12�15).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,560,The Magic Ring,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 196 No. 24, V, 68ff. No. 20; Aarne 1908, 1�82; BP II, 451�458, III, 426�429; Krohn 1931a, 48�53; Leach 1961, 203�208; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Bascom 1975, No. 48,1�8; EM 1 (1977) esp. 245f.; Uther 1987; Scherf 1995 I, 1�3, 211�214, 558f., 602�605; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 380; EM: Zauberring (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 95; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 120; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. I, No. 125, II, No. 14, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 38; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 3; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 334ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 230, 438, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Berger 2001; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 73, 91; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 208ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 92, 130, 152, 280, 292, II, Nos. 392, 437; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 26ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 85; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 16; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 9, Dawkins 1950, No. 4, Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, Nos. 560, 560*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 560, 560*, 560**; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 58, 173 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 334ff., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 107, 108; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 28, 46; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 122, 138, 150, 211; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, 28; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, 148, El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 5; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 55, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: Nowak 1969, No. 128, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Nowak 1969, No. 128; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 149; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 80ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 265, 266; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, Nos. 67, 88; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican, Guatemalan: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan, Ecuadorian, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 86; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 55, 168, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 111, Nowak 1969, No. 148, El-Shamy 2004; Guinean, East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Zanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 7.560, Klipple 1992.","A boy buys a dog, a cat, and a snake in order to save them from death (he rescues a snake from burning). In return he receives a magic ring (stone) from the king of the snakes (father of the rescued snake) which will grant all wishes [D810, D812, D1470.1, D1470.1.15, D817.1, B360, B505, B421, B422] (he finds the ring [D840]). With his wishing ring [D1662.1] he builds a magic castle [D1131.1] and performs impossible tasks (building a castle, a bridge of glass, a church of wax, etc. in one night). He marries the princess, who has a lover. The wishing ring is stolen from him by the princess [D861.5, K2213] (by her lover [D861.4], another person) who wishes herself and the castle (with the princess) to be transported to a faraway island [D2136.2]. Her husband finds himself poor again. The grateful dog and cat swim to the castle and recover the ring [D882, B548.1, D882.1.1] with the help of a mouse [K431]. On their way back they lose the ring in the sea, but a fish (crayfish) gives it back to them. Finally the boy recovers his ring, the castle and his wife. He punishes the lover (his faithless wife). Cf. Types 561, 562.","Among its variants the Types 560, 561, and 562 are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (IV,1).",561.
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,561,Aladdin,"Zotenberg 1888; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 37ff. No. 365, 55ff. No. 19, 221ff. No. 130; Aarne 1908, 1�82; Littmann 1921ff. II, 659�791, VI, 650, 685f.; BP II, 547�549; Basset 1924ff. I, No. 23; Gerhardt 1963, 313, 322�328; Hor�lek 1969b, 162�169; Mylius 1974; EM 1 (1977) 240�247 (K. Ranke); Uther 1987; Walther 1987, 113�123; Marzolph 1995a; Scherf 1995 I, 8�13; Dekker et al. 1997, 39�41; R�th 1998; Fambrini 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 346.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 96; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, No. 133, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 39; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 20; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 4; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, cf. Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 85d, Berger 2001, No. 561*; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 57, XIV, 87; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 74; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 7; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 6ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 92, 130, 152, 216, 288, 292, II, No. 528; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 21 (1888) 21f., 29f.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 11, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 40; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 320ff., III, 442ff.; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, Nos. 16, 38; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 8, Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 97, 180; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 30, Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 109; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Kalmyk: Vatagin 1964, 61ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 148; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 217, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 10; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 15; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 127; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 222, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 215, 217, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 148, 222, El-Shamy 2004.","A magician orders a (stupid) boy, Aladdin, to fetch a lamp for him out of a cave of treasures. The cave opens and closes by means of a magic ring [D1470.1.5]. Aladdin finds the lamp [D812.5, D840, D1470.1.16, D1421.1.5, D1662.2], but when he wants to leave the cave it does not open (the magician has closed it). When Aladdin rubs the magic ring (lamp) in despair, a helpful genie appears and leads him out. Aladdin reaches his mother's house and wishes for riches and a castle [D1131.1]. Both wishes are fulfilled by the genie (by another spirit who appears in the same way when the lamp or the ring is rubbed). Aladdin woos the princess, but her father intends to marry her to another man (Aladdin marries the princess [L161]). The magician exchanges the old, magic lamp (which the princess had kept) for a new, worthless one [D860, D371.1]. He wishes himself to be transfered to Africa together with the princess and the castle [D2136.2]. Aladdin is imprisoned. He rubs the ring [D881] and the genie takes him to the castle where the princess is. She poisons the magician (Aladdin kills him). Aladdin takes the lamp again and uses it to return with the castle and the princess to his home. Cf. Types 560, 562.","The variants of the Types 560, 561, and 562 are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated.",560.
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,562,The Spirit in the Blue Light,"Aarne 1908, 3�83; Wesselski 1925, 244f.; BP II, 535�549; Hor�lek 1969b, 162�164; R�hrich 2001, 214f.; Uther 1987; EM 5 (1987) 928�933 (E. Tucker); Scherf 1995 I, 98�101, 301�303, II, 775�778; Dekker et al. 1997, 364�368; R�th 1998 ; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 412, 545.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 97; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 121; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 75; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Holbek 1990, No. 18, Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 1; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 116; Austrian: Haiding 1953, 469; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 16; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 606ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 130; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 219ff.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 44; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, 235; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 219; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 4; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A discharged soldier (deserter) is asked by an old woman (witch) to fetch for her a fire-steel (light, tinder-box, candle) from an underground treasury (magic castle) guarded by dogs [D845]. He keeps it for himself (kills the old woman). He discovers that when he lights the fire-steel a helpful spirit (dogs, iron man, giant) appears [D1470.1, D1421.1.2, D1421.1.4, N813]. He orders the spirit to bring the princess to him during three successive nights [D1426]. She has to serve him (he kisses her, impregnates her). The king tries to discover where his daughter goes by putting a mark on the door [R135]. The spirit discovers the ruse and defeats it by putting the same mark on all the houses. The third time the soldier takes the princess, he is discovered (gives up himself) and imprisoned. He asks for his fire-steel, and before he is executed he asks for permission to smoke for one last time. When he lights his fire-steel, the spirit appears and rescues him (and imprisons the king instead) [K331, D1391]. By threatening violence the soldier forces the king to agree that he may marry his daughter. Cf. Types 560, 561. In some variants the spirit is disenchanted by being beheaded or when the candle is burned up [D765.1, E765.1].","The variants of the Types 560, 561, and 562 are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. Important literary version by H. C. Andersen, Fyrt�iet (1835).","566, 1626."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,563,"The Table, the Donkey and the Stick","Chauvin 1892ff. V, 257ff. No. 154, 261ff. No. 154; Aarne 1909b; Krohn 1931a, 48�53; BP I, 346�361, II 104�106; Liungman 1961, 167�172; Scherf 1995 I, 229�233, 286�289, 368�370, II, 1198�1201, 1202�1204; Dekker et al. 1997, 360�364; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Tischleindeckdich (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 98; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 122; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius/Aleksynas 1993f. I, Nos. 29, 107, II, Nos. 161, 161a, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, Nos. 39, 46; Livonian, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 34; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 478ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 11, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 563, 563*A; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 14; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 251, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 36; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 156ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 40; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 18; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 19, Appari 1992, No. 34, De Simone 1994, No. 38; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 171 No. 23, Massignon 1963, Nos. 28, 31, 50, 74; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 516ff., 525ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 156, 217, 222, 291, 319, II, Nos. 451, 582, Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 14; Slovene: Kres 4 (1884) 451, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 45; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 19, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 3; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 95, 116, 118, 126, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 61; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hallgarten 1929, 160ff., Loukatos 1957, 121ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 176; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 3, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 478ff., MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 108, 111, 131, 149, 153, 154, 227, 235; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 303, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 216, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 39; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 22; Chinese: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 61, Ting 1978; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 3; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 91, 407 No. 187; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Filipino: Fansler 1921, Nos. 231, 237; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 34; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 413f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Guatemalan, Bolivian, Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, 263ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 35, 35a, 35b; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 216, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 102, Laoust 1949 I, 114ff., II, 192ff., El-Shamy 2004; Guinean: Klipple 1992; Benin: Wekenon Tokponto 2003, 93ff.; Chadian: Jungraithmayr 1981, Nos. 12, 13, 21; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 245; East African, Sudanese, Congolese: Seiler-Dietrich 1980, No. 16, Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1089; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 4.563.","A (poor) man receives from a supernatural being (God, devil, wind) a table that covers itself with food (tablecloth, etc.) [D1030.1, D1472.1.7, D1472.1.22]. On his way home he stays in an inn and others see him use the table (he forbids others to use it) [J2355.1]. The innkeeper cheats him by exchanging the magic table (cloth) with an ordinary one [D861.1, K2241, D861.3, D861.2]. After the poor man arrives home the table does not have any magic power, so he goes back to the giver and complaints. The giver gives him a gold-dropping animal (donkey [B103.1.1], hen, etc.). The same thing happens again. This time the man receives a sack containing a magic cudgel [D1401.2] (mannikin) that beats people until it is called off by its owner [D1601.5, D1401.1, D1651.2]. The man himself is beaten by the cudgel. When the greedy innkeeper tries to steal the sack, the cudgel beats him until he returns all the stolen magic objects [D881.2]. Cf. Types 564, 565, and 569.","Important versions see Basile, Pentamerone (I,1, cf. V,2). The variants of the Types 563, 564 and 565 are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. Only the Grimms� version (No. 36) is introduced by the tale of the lying goat, where three brothers set out on a journey (cf. Type 212).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 564, 569, and also 212, 313, 326, 461, 554, 555, 566, 1541, and 1960G."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,564,"The Magic Providing Purse (previously The Magic Providing Purse and 'Out, Boy, out of the Sack!')","Aarne 1909b; Krohn 1931a, 48�53; Asmussen 1965; Jason 1988b, 114�136; Scherf 1995 I, 420�423, II, 1202�1204; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1450�1454 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 99; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 122; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 118, Viidalepp 1980, No. 77; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 14; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, Woeller 1959, No. 40, Berger 2001, No. 563*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 523f., 525ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 217, 222, 291, II, No. 582; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 40; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 65; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 110, 111; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, No. 13, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 62; Siberian: Doerfer 1983, Nos. 20, 39; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 152; Kalmyk: Ostroumov 1892, No. 6; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: cf. Unbescheid 1987, No. 22; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 45ff., 27 (1957) 87f.; Spanish-American, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 216, El-Shamy 2004.","A supernatural being (devil, spirits, fortune, frost, wind) gives a poor man an object (knapsack, sack, purse, pot, box) that supplies him with unlimited food. The man takes it home to his family. A rich man (brother, neighbor) buys (borrows, steals) the magic object, and soon the poor man is hungry again. He asks the supernatural being for a replacement and receives a similar looking object. But this one produces men with cudgels (whips) instead of food; they beat him and his family. The poor man gives the object to his rich neighbor. He is beaten until he returns the food-supplying object to the poor man. In some variants the last scene occurs at a meal organized by the rich man and all his guests are beaten. Cf. Types 563, 565.","Literary treatment, see Basile, Pentamerone (V,2). The variants of the Types 563, 564 and 565 are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated.","480, 503, 563, 591, 613, 675, 735, and 954."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,565,The Magic Mill,"Aarne 1909b, 67, 80; Krohn 1931a, 48�53; BP II, 438�440; HDM 1 (1930�1933) 320�323 (W. Heiligendorff); Christiansen 1959, 154�187; Liungman 1961, 167�172; Schwarzbaum 1968, 245; Fabula 22 (1981) 37, 50; Jason 1988b; Scherf 1995 II, 885�889, 1167f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 424�426; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Wunderm�hle (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 100; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 32b(9), 124; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 27, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 45; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 427f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 277, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 154, Kooi 2003, No. 29; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 10; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 251, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 103; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 4; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 530f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 156, II, No. 451; Slovene: Brezovnik 1894, 97ff.; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 54; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 565, cf. No. *480C**, Koceva 2002; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 50, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 565, cf. No. 738; Russian: SUS, Nos. 565, 565*, 565A*; Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 31, Jason 1965, 1975; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 146, 147; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 1; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 264; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 155, 407 No. 189; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Roberts 1974, No. 137; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 24; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. D1472.19; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. A1115.2; Moroccan: Stumme 1895, No. 32; Congolese: Klipple 1992.","A poor man receives a ham from his rich brother (the devil) who tells him to 'go to the devil' with it. An old man directs him to the devil, where he exchanges his ham for a mill that grinds anything its owner wishes (meal, salt [D1601.21.1], other food; a pot that fills itself with porridge [D1601.10.1, D1472.1.9]). Only its owner can command it to stop [D1651, D1651.3]. The poor man becomes rich. Cf. Type 480C*. His envious brother buys (steals) the mill, but he does not know how to stop it. It grinds such a quantity of food (flour, herrings, porridge, etc.) that the man is overpowered (it fills the whole house with porridge [C916.3]). The real owner stops it and takes it back again. Often combined with the following episode: A ship-captain steals (buys) the mill and commands it to grind salt. He also cannot stop it, and it grinds so much salt that his ship finally sinks. The mill keeps grinding at the bottom of the sea, and this is why sea-water is salty [A1115.2]. Cf. Types 563, 564.","The variants of the Types 563, 564, and 565 are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated.",715.
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,566,The Three Magic Objects and the Wonderful Fruits,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 166ff. No. 371E; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 479�481; Aarne 1908, 83�142; Wesselski 1925, No. 44; BP I, 464�485, III, 3�9; HDM 2 (1934�40) 200�207 (H. Diewerge); Liungman 1961, 172�174; Schwarzbaum 1968, 256; Tubach 1969, No. 2153; Valckx 1975; Hoffmeister 1985; EM 5 (1987) 7�14 (H.-J. Uther); M�hlherr 1993; Ohno 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 458�462, 755�758, II, 989�990; Dekker et al. 1997, 133�136; R�th 1998; Verfasserlexikon 11,1 (2000) 450f. (A. M�hlherr); Rubini 2003.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 101; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 125, 137; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Livonian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, Nos. 42, 46, II, No. 44, III, Nos. 21, 55; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 566, cf. No. 580*, O�Sullivan 1966, No. 28; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 245ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 49, II, No. 304, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 251f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 122; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, Nos. 17, 18; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 514f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 2153; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 216, II, Nos. 453, 488, 526, 567; Slovene: Krek 1885, 109ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 44, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 60; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, No. 566, cf. No. 580*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 174 (6�9), 174 IV 7, 175; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 32, Haboucha 1992, No. **566A; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 154; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 131, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: Nowak 1969, No. 131; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 131, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: Karow 1978, No. 14; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 407 No. 189; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widowsen 1996 I, No. 35; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 399ff.; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Nos. 566, 566*A; Mexican: Robe 1973; Guatemalan, Colombian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 80; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 131, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 566, 580*.","(Fortunatus). (Including the previous Type 580*). Three brothers (soldiers, a young man) each receive a magic object from a supernatural being (mannikin, enchanted princess) [D812, N821, D1470.1]: a purse that fills itself [D1451], a coat or cap that takes its owner anywhere [D1520, D1520.11], a horn or whistle that furnishes soldiers or brings power [D1475.1]). The king notices the glamorous life-style of the owner of the purse. By a ruse (by playing cards [D861.6]) the princess steals the purse (magic objects). Its owner gets the magic objects of his brothers, and they are stolen as well. He eats magic fruits (apple, fig, nut, vegetables, magic drink) that cause and cure disfigurement (horns grow on the head, and are removed). He gives (sells) the princess the magic fruits and horns grow on her head [D992.1, D1375.1] (she grows a long nose [D1376.1], is transformed into a donkey [cf. Type 567]). He sells her the healing fruits only when she confesses her theft and promises to return his magic objects [D881.1, D895, D1375.2]. Cf. Type 567.","The variants of the Types 566, 567, and 567A are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. (Type 567 may originate from a combination with Type 566.) Literary traditions first documented in the Middle Ages (e.g. Gesta Romanorum, No. 120). Popular German novel (1509).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 518, 567, 569, and also 302, 306, 400, 560, 562, 563, 567A, and 735."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,567,The Magic Bird-heart,"Pol�vka 1900a; Aarne 1908, 53�200; Krohn 1931a, 45�48; BP I, 528�556, III, 3�9; Ranke 1934b, 113�130; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Dammann 1978; Schwarzbaum 1980, 281; EM 4 (1984) 450; Pritchett 1983; Ohno 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 265�268, 514�517, 577�581, 755�758, II, 1454�1461; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 61, 380, 475; EM: Vogelherz: Das wunderbare V. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 102; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 126; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 160f. No. 567; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 49, II, No. 304, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 247; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 60, II, No. 122, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 69, Berger 2001, No. 567*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 169; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 21, X, No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 257, 346f., 548ff; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1929f. II, 87ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 526, 567; Slovene: Kres 5 (1888) 249; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 20; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 43; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 18, Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 44, 92, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 66, 71, II, Nos. 186, 190; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 36, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 174; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 19; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 113; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 41; Jordanian: Nowak 1969, No. 130; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: cf. Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 567A, Jason 1989; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 75, 192, cf. 195; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925ff. I, No. 86, II, 407 No. 190; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 36, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1092.","A man eats the heart of a magic bird and thereby receives the power of spitting gold [B113.1] (of finding a coin under his pillow every day, he becomes king [D1561.1.1, M312.3]). A woman (his own wife) causes him to vomit the bird-heart, eats it herself (because she learned its secret from an old woman) [D861.5] and casts him out. He finds a magic herb that transforms people into donkies [D965, D983, D551.2, D132.1, D661]. With the help of the herb he changes the woman to donkey (and makes it work hard). Cf. Type 566. In some variants he changes the woman back to a human being and marries her.","Probably of Oriental origin (see Tuti-Nme and Somadeva�s Kathsaritsgara). The variants of the Types 566, 567, and 567A are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. (Type 567 may originate from a combination with Type 566.) Often an introduction to Type 303.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 303, 518, 531, 566, and 567A."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,567A,The Magic Bird-Heart and the Separated Brothers,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 208ff. No. 120; Aarne 1908, 53�200; Pritchett 1983; Ohno 1993; EM: Vogelherz: Das wunderbare V. (in prep.)","Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Lemke 1884ff. II, 221 No. 45, Behrend 1908, No. 11, Merkelbach-Pinck 1967, 113ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: Ga�l 1970, No. 5; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 26, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 20, 21; Croatian: Ardali 1908a, No. 4, cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 43; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 44, 92, 114; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 354ff., III, 445f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff.; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 12, 20, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 142; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 29; Cheremis/Mari, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 12; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 104ff., II, 152ff.; Kalmyk, Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 49; Palestinian, Persian Gulf: Nowak 1969, No. 131, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1979, 33ff., 94ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 112; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 133; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 131, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Two brothers condemned to death (whose stepmother claims they have insulted her [K2111, S322.4]) are spared [K512]. They eat parts of a magic bird (magic object, magic fruit, etc.) that will make one become a king, and the other produce gold (precious stones) when laughing (crying). (The magic bird is prepared as a meal for another person [by their mother] but the brothers eat it by mistake.) The brothers flee and are separated (when fetching water [N311]). The elder brother is chosen as king [N683] (with the help of a royal elephant [H171.1]). The younger brother is enslaved by a foreign king who forces him to produce gold (he falls into the hands of a shipowner who sacrifices him so that his becalmed ship may sail [S264.1]. He is cast overboard, arrives in a distant land, and wins a [several] brides). Finally the brothers are reunited and the younger brother is freed (the elder searches for his younger brother and finds him).","The variants of the Types 566, 567, and 567A are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. (Type 567 may originate from a combination with Type 566; Type 567A is probably an Indian version.)","300, 303, 518, 566, and 567."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,569,"The Knapsack, the Hat and the Horn","BP I, 464�485; Stolleis 1980; Just 1991, 46�57; Scherf 1995 I, 397�403, II, 966�969, 1393�1396, 1396�1398; R�th 1998; EM 11,1 (2003) 213�219 (J. van der Kooi).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 103; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 123; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 53; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 306; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 32, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Uther 1990a, No. 24, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 54, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 33; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 64, 97, 140; Ladinian: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, 147ff.; Italian: Appari 1992, No. 204; Hungarian: MNK II; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 31; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 524f., 532ff., II 1, 294ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 156, 222, 291, II, Nos. 451, 487, 567, 582; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 345ff., Bolhar 1974, 84ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 121ff., Diller 1982, Nos. 37, 40, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 169 III (4�13); Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 350, 396, MNK X 1; Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 89; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 147; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 3, II, 407 No. 191; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 404, 406, 408; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 45�47, Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","The youngest of three poor brothers obtains a magic object [D840, D1470.1] (table-cloth, napkin, table, mill) that magically produces food [D1472.1.22]. On his way he exchanges the object for a knapsack that can produce an army [D1475.4] (magic weapon, stick, sabre, cudgel out of the sack). By means of this he secures the first object again [D831]. In the same way he gets other magic objects that function as weapons (hat), make walls fall down (horn [D1222]), provide him with unlimited quantities of money, let him cover enormous distances (seven-league boots, flying carpet), produce a castle (etc.), or resuscitate the dead (violin, flute). Back home he lives a glamorous life. The magic objects are stolen from him by a cunning guest (king, princess, neighbor). By using the last object he recovers them all. With the help of the magic horn he destroys the attacking army and kills the king and his daughter; or, he resuscitates the people he has killed, makes piece with the king, marries the princess, and inherits (half of) the kingdom. In some variants the king is attacked by enemies. The boy rescues him from danger using his magic objects, and marries the princess. Cf. Type 465A.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 326, 400, 465, 563, 566, 592, and 936*."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,570,The Rabbit-herd,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 428f., 464f.; BP III, 267�274; D�gh 1989; EM 6 (1990) 558�563 (L. D�gh); McCarthy 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 574�577, II, 1277�1280; Dekker et al. 1997, 188f.; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Sack voll L�gen oder Wahrheiten (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 104; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 109b(8), 127; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 9 (1888) 161�164, No. 497, Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 13; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 336ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Hoffmann 1973, No. 570B; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 45, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 19; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, III, 188f., Tomkowiak 1993, 252, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 165, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 31; Swiss: Uffer 1972, 186ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 29, Haiding 1969, Nos. 3, 98; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 33; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 279ff., 303ff., 307ff., 319ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 26, 44, 244; Slovene: Milinski 1917, 113ff.; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 237; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 34, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 61; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 515; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 58 III (var. h), 182 III 1 (var. a), 182 V, 232 IV 3a; Jewish: Cahan 1931, No. 31; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 112, 113; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966, Randolph 1976, 47ff.; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Guatemalan, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 139; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 83, 84.","A king offers his daughter in marriage to whoever can herd (catch, tame, train) his 100 (more or fewer) rabbits (roosters, sheep, goats, geese, partridges) without losing any [T68, H335, H1112]. The youngest of three brothers is kind to an old woman (to whom his brothers were unkind) and receives a magic whistle with which he can summon the rabbits [D1441.1.2]. In order to avoid the marriage, members (deputies) of the royal family (in disguise) try to buy one of his rabbits. The young man demands a degrading humiliating act (e.g. jumping on one leg, dancing to the whistle, turning somersaults, attaching a pot to his or her bottom, being beaten, cutting flesh out of his/her own body, branding his/her skin, tearing an animal carcass with teeth, kissing the backside of an animal [K1288] or of a person, sodomy, eating excrement, kissing him or sleeping with him [K1358]). After the demands are fulfilled, the young man whistles and the rabbit comes back to him. Not willing to admit defeat, the king sets another task: the young man should fill a sack of lies (truths) [H1045]. When the king realizes that the 'lies' are actually truths that humiliate the royal family [K1271.1.1], he announces that the sack is filled up and agrees to the marriage.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 513B, 554, 571, 850, and also 303, 502, 513A, 610, 851, 853, 857, 1000, 1115, and 1020C."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,570*,The Rat-Catcher,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 155 No. 157; Krogmann 1934; Frenzel/Rumpf 1962f.; Dobbertin 1970; MacDonald 1982, No. D1427.1; Wann 1984; Humburg 1985; Mieder 1985; Spanuth 1985; EM 11,1 (2003) 300�307 (H.-J. Uther).","Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 204f.; Danish: B�dker/H�llen 1966, 120ff.; English: Jacobs 1894b, 1ff.; German: Kuhn/Schwartz 1848, No. 99, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 15, Merkelbach-Pinck 1967, 171ff., Rehermann 1977, 160, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 245; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 156; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. D1427.1; Hungarian: Bihari 1980, No. L II.2.2; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 7099.","(The Pied Piper.) A city has been overrun by rats and mice. A man dressed in odd, colorful clothing promises the inhabitants that he will drive the vermin out in return for a fee. He lures the animals out by playing a flute and drowns them in a river. The citizens refuse to pay him (to keep their promise) and the piper goes away empty-handed. Later, he comes back disguised as a hunter. He plays his flute and all the children follow him out of the city. He leads them into a mountain, and they are never seen again [D1224, D1427.1, D1441.1.2].",Documented in the middle of the 16th century.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,570A,The Princess and the Magic Shell,EM 10 (2002) 1341�1343 (S. F�hrmann).,"Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1870, No. 16; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hahn 1918 II, No. 109; Megas/Puchner 1998; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 71, 192 V, 193 (6�8); Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 41; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 218; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 331ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: Nowak 1968, No. 225, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: RTP 29 (1914) 205�211, 212�215, Lacoste/Mouli�ras 1965 II, No. 77, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Grim 1983, 82ff., El-Shamy 2004","In his third catch of fish, a fisherman finds a golden dish (cup, shell, fish-skin) which, whenever someone drinks from it, fills itself with gold pieces. A princess (queen) wants the dish, and he agrees to give it to her if she will sleep with him. She becomes pregnant and is banished by her father (husband). She goes (with the fisherman, alone after he has been killed) to another country where she becomes wealthy (with the help of the vessel). She disguises herself as a man [K1837] and returns home. Her father wants to have the magic dish, and she says she will give it to him if he will sleep with her. He agrees. She reveals who she is and exposes his hypocrisy. They are reconciled.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,571,'All Stick Together',"BP II, 39�44; HDM 2 (1934�40) 314f. (H. Honti); Schwarzbaum 1979, 388 not. 7; EM 7 (1993) 1417�1425 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Scherf 1995 I, 506�509, 546�548; EM 8 (1996) 700�707 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Dekker et al. 1997, 433�437; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 105, II, No. 67; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 128; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 40; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, Nos. 316, 317, Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 31ff.; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 571�574; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 150f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 12; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, No. 571A, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 64; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 25, Haiding 1969, No. 15; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 9; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 571, 571�574; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 83; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 375ff., II 1, 278f., 303ff., 312ff., Jech 1984, No. 39; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 244; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 241ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 57, Eschker 1992, No. 44; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 15; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Greek: Diller 1982, No. 82, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 182 III 2 (e, f); Jewish: Jason 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 83, 84, 165; Iranian: Rozenfel�d 1956, 197ff.; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 46, 62; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919 II, 411ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966, Perdue 1987, No. 15A; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966; Guatemalan, Panamanian, Cuban: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A melancholy princess is promised in marriage to whoever can make her laugh [F591, H341, H1194, T68]. The youngest (most stupid) of three brothers (poor shepherd, son of a farmer or craftsman) receives a magic object (golden animal, vehicle) [D817] from an old woman (man, supernatural being) because of his kindness (out of pity, through a lucky bargain). On his way (during an overnight stay) a curious person (thief) touches the object and cannot let it go (the young man makes the person stick to it by a magic formula or stick) [K422, D1413, D2171.3.1]. Later other (naked) people, objects, and animals become attached to the magic object or to each other [D2171.5]. This strange looking parade passes by the castle where the princess sees it and laughs for the first time in her life [H341.1]. The young man marries her (and gets half of the kingdom).","The Types 571 and 571B are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. Early treatment, see Basile, Pentamerone (V,1).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 570, and also 507, 513A, 513B, 559, 853, 910, 1610, 1655, and 1696."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,571B,Lover Exposed (previously The Himphamp),"BP II, 40�44; Wesselski 1925, No. 27; EM 8 (1996) 1056�1063 (R. Wehse); Legman 1968f. I, 269; Dekker et al. 1997, 387f.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917 I, No. 128b; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894, 371ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1890, No. 25, Holbek 1990, No. 20; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Roth 1977, No. E23, Wehse 1979, 417; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Hoffmann 1973; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., Nos. 126�132; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 682, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 571A; Dutch: Cox-Leick/Cox 1977, No. 46; Flemish: Lox 1999a, No. 35; German: Knoop 1893, No. 7, Busch 1910, No. 29, Ranke 1955ff. II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 375ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 434, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 496, 557; Serbian: Anthropophyteia 2 (1905) 164ff.; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 21, BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Nicola�d�s 1906, No. 69, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: Zelenin 1915, No. 22, Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 13, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. II, No. 256; Ukrainian: Hnatjuk 1909f. II, Nos. 276�278; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 62; Kalmyk: Ver�inin 1962, 85ff.; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 379ff.; Indian: McCulloch 1912, No. 22, Thompson-Balys 1958, No. K1217; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. VIII, No. 9; Puerto Rican: Mason/Espinosa 1924, No. 35; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 108ff.","(Including the previous Type 571A.) A man falls in love with the wife of a smith (craftsman, farmer). In order to get rid of the husband he denounces him to the master (of the castle), pretending that the husband practices magic. The master thereupon orders him to perform (three) impossible tasks [H931, H1010], of which the last one is to make a 'Himphamp' ' a fictional word without any meaning. The husband gets help (from the devil [D812.3], supernatural being) to solve the tasks, the last one by a magic formula that makes things stick together. He surprises the loving couple in bed and makes them stick together (to the chamber pot [D1413.8]). Or, a man learns that his wife has commited adultery. By means of a magic sticking formula (magician) he makes the loving couple (clergyman and his wife) stick naked to the chamber pot [D1413.8] (basin [D1413.7]) [K1217] (previously Type 571A). Helpful servants get also stuck. The next day the man leads the chain of persons through the streets. Other people (farmhand, maidservant), animals (cow, bull) and objects (food) get stuck in obcene situations and are mocked by passers-by. The man presents his 'Himphamp' to the master. All are released, and the guilty ones are punished, made to pay compensation, or pardoned. They promise to reform, they escape, or they drown themselves.","Classical origin: Homer, Odyssey (VIII, 272ff.). Among its variants the Types 571 and 571B are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated.","571, 940, 1358A, 1359C, 1537, and 1829."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,571C,The Biting Doll,"Schlosser 1912; BP IV, 74, 181, 248f.; Legman 1968f. II, 457f.; Scherf 1995 I, 3�6, 240�243, 392; EM 11,1 (2003) 43�45 (J. Camarena Laucirica).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, No. 427; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 298, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 50; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 560C*, 571C, De Simone 1994, No. 17; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 560C*, Noy 1968, No. 52, Jason 1975, No. 560C*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 172; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 560C*; French-Amercian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **568; West Indies: Parsons 1933ff. II, 559f.","(Including the previous Type 560C*.) A kind girl (boy) receives a magic doll (goose) that defecates money [D1268, D1469.2]. An envious neighbor borrows the doll [D861.2], but it soils her house and she throws it out on the street. When the king, who has stopped to relieve himself, uses the doll to wipe himself, it bites his backside and sticks to him (bites him when he passes by). Nobody can remove the doll from the king's body. He announces that any one who can release him will get a reward [H1196]. Only the girl is able to make the doll stop biting [D1651]. She recovers her doll and marries the king [T67.3.1].","Early versions see Straparola, Piacevoli notti (V,2) and Basile, Pentamerone (V,1).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,572*,"The Barking Dog's Head, the Striking Axe, etc",EM 8 (1996) 703.,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 106; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 109b(2), 129; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, Nos. 121, 122, Viidalepp 1980, No. 80; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Danner 1961, 77ff., Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","A man (the youngest of three brothers) finds singing, screaming or barking men's or animal's heads, self striking axes, singing plants, etc. and puts them all into a sack. When he empties the sack before the melancholy princess (other actions), he makes her laugh for the first time. As reward he marries the princess or he receives land (food and lodging).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,575,The Prince's Wings,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, No. 130; Weinreich 1911, 147�154; BP II, 131�135; EM 4 (1984) 1358�1365 (K. Hor�lek); Cox 1990; Scherf 1995 I, 323�325, 437�440, 440�444, II, 841f., 1298�1301, 1312�1316, 1369�1371; R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 103.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 107; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 130; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 81; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 22; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 15; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 77; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 15; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 402; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 36ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 375; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 9; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 67; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 136 III (1�4), 175 IV, 291 V; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 152, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 114; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Uighur: Reichl 1986, No. 11; Azerbaijan: cf. Seidov 1977, 147ff.; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 22; Yakut: rgis 1983, No. 205; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, No. 23; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 30; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 208ff.; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese. Ting 1978; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 105.","Rival workmen have a contest to construct the most wonderful object. A goldsmith builds an artificial fish (something else), a joiner constructs an artificial flying object (folding wings, bird, mechanical horse with wings). A prince buys the flying object and flies with it in a foreign country in order to see the princess (who is enclosed in a tower by the king) [K1346, F1021.1]. He becomes her lover, and impregnates her (is taken in the very act). When the king learns what has happened, he orders the prince (and his daughter) to be executed. The lovers escape by riding together on the flying object to the prince's home country [R111.3.1, R215.1], where they marry. In some variants they land on their way so the princess can give birth. When fetching fire the flying object is burned. The lovers are separated (and later reunited).","Early literary sources see Pa�catantra (I,5), The weaver as visnu. Early European literary version see Boccaccio, Decamerone (IV,2).","425D, 461, 566, and 881A."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,576,The Magic Knife,,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 133; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 576*; Dutch: cf. Tinneveld 1976, No. 180; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Yakut: rgis 1983, Nos. 137, 313; Kalmyk: Dimbinov 1962, 113ff.","(Including the previous Types 576B*, C*.) A young man steals a magic knife from a robbers' castle [D838, D1083], kills the robbers with it [D1400.1.4.3, D1400.1.6], and wins a clergyman's daughter. He defeats his rival by means of the knife.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,577,The King's Tasks,"Christiansen 1960; Roberts 1964, 45f.; EM 1 (1977) 972 (K. Ranke).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 108; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 133; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 577*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 158f., No. 577; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 507ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 7; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 12; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 67; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 59; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 191 III; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 17; Kazakhian: Sidel�nikov 1952, 19f.; Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. D1601.14; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","The king promises his daughter to whoever is able to perform certain difficult tasks [H335, T68]. Two elder brothers are unkind to a supernatural being (old woman), whereas the youngest is kind. He receives (finds) magic objects (self-chopping axe [D1601.14], self-digging shovel [D1601.15, D1601.16], self-playing violin [D1601.18.2], etc.). With their help he is able to perform the tasks [D1581, H971.1] (to fell a large oak in one day and in the same time to dig a well at his court, etc.) and win the princess.",NA,"313, 328, 513A, 570, and 650A."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,580,Beloved of Women,"Paunonen 1967; EM 2 (1979) 86�88 (P.-R. Rausmaa); Scherf 1995 I, 280�283; EM 9 (1999) 1118.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 109; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 136; Estonian: Aarne 1918, cf. Loorits 1959, No. 119, Viidalepp 1980, No. 79; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 6; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Rittershaus 1902, No. 48, Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Perbosc/Bru 1987, 102ff., 183ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 298, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 393; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 49, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, Nos. 32, 33.","At their father's death three brothers are each granted a wish: the two elder ones wish for riches, but the youngest wishes for the power to make women love him [D1900]. They set out on a journey and spend the night in three different inns. The youngest brother sleeps with the wife (daughter) of the house and receives three magic objects [D856]: a tablecloth on which food magically appears, a rooster (similar) that produces drinks, and a pair of scissors that produces clothes out of nothing. The brothers reach a town where all who enter must be castrated. The youngest refuses and is taken as a prisoner to an island. With the help of his magic objects he secures a comfortable life for himself and the other prisoners. A princess (king's widow) wants to buy the objects. The boy is only willing to give them to her if he may spend the night in her chamber, beside her, and finally in her bed [T45]. At the end he marries her.",NA,"505, 551, and 566."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,585,"Spindle, Shuttle, and Needle","BP III, 355.","Scottish: cf. Briggs 1970f. A 1, 323f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 188; Lebanese: Jahn 1970, No. 19, El-Shamy 2004; US-American: Baughman 1966.","A prince will marry the girl who is at once the poorest and the richest [H1311.2]. Spindle, shuttle, and needle help a virtuous girl out of gratitude for her industry. The spindle guides the prince to her [D1425.1], the shuttle makes a magic road [D1484.1, D1485.1], and the needle transforms the poor room to a beautiful one [D1337.1.7]. The prince marries the girl.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,590,The Faithless Mother (previously The Prince and the Arm Bands),"BP I, 551�553, III, 1f.; Thompson 1951, 113�117; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 4474; Schwarzbaum 1979, xliv not. 53; Uther 1981, 114f.; Scherf 1995 I, 751�755, II, 1373�1377; R�th 1998; EM 8 (1996) 1233; EM 9 (1999) 1057�1064 (C. Shojaei Kawan).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 110; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 116; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, Nos. 1, 16; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 7, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 252, cf. Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 121; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 21, 63; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 51; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 71, 97, 299, II, No. 408; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. I, 28f.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 3, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 31; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 65; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 18; Greek: Dawkins 1955, No. 6, Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, 54ff., 92ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 62; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 108; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 17, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 4, Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 14, 15; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 108, 110; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 24; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *590; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 25; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919 II, 391ff.; Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, Nos. 53, 54; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Spitta-Bey 1883, No. 11, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3228; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A boy sets out on a journey with his mother. On their way he finds an object (armband, belt, sword, shirt, etc.) which gives him supernatural strength [D840, D1335.5, D1335.4]. In a house of robbers (giants, other supernatural beings) the son defeats all of them (cf. Type 650A) until only one is left with whom his mother (secretly) starts a liaison [S12.1] (she marries him). In order to get rid of the son (the lover fears the son's strength) the mother feigns sickness and sends her son on a dangerous quest for a remedy [H931, H1211, H1212] (fruit [apple] from the garden of supernatural beings [H1333.3.1, H1333.3.1.1, H1333.3.1.3, D1364.4.1], water of life, animal's milk [H1361]) for which he must risk his life. The son returns successful and uninjured [F615, F615.2.1], accompanied by wild animals that have become his protectors [B315, B431.2, B520]. In numerous variants the boy rescues a young girl (princess [R111.1.1]) during one of his adventures and sends (brings) her back to her father, and/or he meets female helpers (old woman, a girl skilled in magic, his bride). The boy's mother asks him for the secret of his strength and steals it (ties him, gives him a narcotic drink, persuades him to take a bath) [K975, D861]. Then she (and/or her lover) blinds (murders) the boy. When he is blinded he is found by the princess, who nurses and restores his sight by observing how a blind animal is healed [B512]. When he is murdered he is resuscitated by one of his female helpers (using the remedies he procured). He recovers the object that holds his strength [D880] and takes revenge on his mother and her lover (kills them). He marries the princess (female helper, daughter of the helper). Cf. Type 315.",Closely related to Type 315; both Types are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 315, and also 302, 303, 314, 315A, 318, 400, 531, 551, and 613."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,591,The Thieving Pot,"Scherf 1995 II, 1133�1135; R�th 1998; El-Shamy 1999, No. 6; Schmidt 1999; EM: Topf: Der stehlende T. (in prep.).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 138; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 43, Bartens 2003, No. 42; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 26, IV, No. 61; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Flemish: Joos 1889ff. III, No. 88; German: Meyer 1932, Hen�en 1935, No. 134; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 65 (1931) 11f.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 173; Jewish: Elbaz 1982, No. 35; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 47f.; Palestinian: Schmidt/Kahle 1918f. I, No. 32, Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 1, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 52; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1969, No. 15; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A poor man (farmer, orphan boy) receives (in exchange for his cow) a magic pot [N421, D851] which goes to his neighbors where it fills itself with food, money, etc. Then the pot takes its contents back to its owner [D1605.1]. When the person whom it robbed tries to catch the pot, it takes him to its poor owner where it has to be redeemed (the theft has to be forgiven). Or, the pot takes the man to hell [D1412.2].",NA,"564, 565, and 569."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,592,The Dance Among Thorns,"Bolte 1892; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 88f.; BP II, 490�503; Weinreich 1951, 461�467; Schwarzbaum 1968, 65, 456; Cammann 1985; Bottigheimer 1987, 17, 82, 123�142; Uther 1989, 448; Korn 1990; Just 1991, 11�45; Scherf 1995 I, 635�637, 784�786, II, 878�881, 1168�1171; Dekker et al. 1997, 81�83; R�th 1998; EM: Tanz in der Dornhecke (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 111; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 48a(9), 105, 139; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 119, Viidalepp 1980, No. 82; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: B�dker et al. 1957, No. 21; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 250ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 331, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 179, Bl�court 1980, No. 3.6; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 918; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Moser-Rath 1984, 18f., 288f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 110; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 818ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 136, 162; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 83; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 23, 38; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 502ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 33, 103, 222, 223, 240, 324, II, Nos. 392, 410, 420, 437, 488, 518, 577; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 15ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 42, 112, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 82, 179, 180; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 18, 57, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 2; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas 1965, No. 67, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 176 V; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 50; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Siberian: Soboleva 1984; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 29; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 17; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A poor boy, driven from home by his evil stepmother [S322.4] (dismissed from service with a pittance [W154.1]), gives all his money as alms to a beggar (supernatural being) [Q42.1] who in return grants the boy three wishes [D1761.0.2]: a never failing gun [D1653.1.7] (crossbow [D1653.1.4]), a fiddle (flute) that compels people to dance [D1415.2.5], another magic object or the magic power of having his wishes obeyed [D1761.0.1]. He shoots a bird (on a wager [N55, N55.1]), which falls into a thornbush. When a monk (Jew, the loser of the wager) tries to take the bird out, the boy's magic fiddle makes him dance in the thorns. The boy is condemned and led to the gallows. He asks for permission to play his fiddle for the last time. The judge and whole assembly have to dance until the boy is released [K551.3.1].",Literary treatments in Europe since the 15th century.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 330, 475, 569, 650A, 725, 1000, 1009, 1045, 1062, 1072, 1159, 1653, and 1910."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,593,Fiddevav,EM 4 (1994) 1099f. (E. Moser-Rath).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 112; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, 8ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, Nos. 568, 569, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Hen�en 1935, No. 136, Bodens 1937, No. 1082; Italian: Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 116; Hungarian: MNK II; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Erd�sz/Futaky 1996, No. 16; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French-Canadian: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; US-American: Baughman 1966; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 37; West Indies: Flowers 1953, East African: Kohl-Larsen 1969, 90ff.","A poor boy intends to marry a young woman but her father (she herself) refuses. The rejected suitor receives from a person skilled in magic (old woman [N825.3], witch, priest, devil) a magic stone, which, when put into ashes, makes all people who use it (farmer, farmwife, farmhand, maidservant, preacher, daughter, etc.) stick to the poker and compells them to keep talking nonsense (e.g. 'Fiddevav') [D1413, D1413.17, D2172.1], (or, a magic root under the doorstep causes them fart). Only the suitor is able to release the people from the charm by taking the magic object away. In return he marries the young woman. Cf. Types 330A, 571, 571B.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,594*,The Magic Bridle,,"Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 153; Greek: Megas 1998.","A boy, setting out, obtains a bridle that tames all kinds of horses [D1442.1], a needle that makes everything fall to pieces [D1562.4], and a gun that always hits what he aims at [D1653.1.7]. The boy works as a servant at the king's court. By means of his magic objects he performs great exploits and wins a princess as his wife.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,610,The Healing Fruits,"BP III, 267�274; Wesselski 1931, 162f.; Heule 1984; EM 5 (1987) 443�447 (J. L. Sutherland); EM 6 (1990) 343�348 (U. Marzolph); EM 6 (1990) 558�563 (L. D�gh); Scherf 1995 I, 458�462, 574�577, 583f., II, 1277�1280; R�th 1998.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 115, 116; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 554; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, 20ff., Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 11, Kristensen 1984ff. III, No. 17; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: cf. Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 24, Fabre/Lacroix 1973f. II, No. 17, Lambert 1985; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: cf. Ranke 1955ff. II, Nos. 461, 570, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 165; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 18; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Karlinger 1973b, No. 2; Czech: cf. Tille 1921, 236; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 16, No. 19; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 30, 57; Indian: Mode/Ray 1967, 309ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A sick princess is offered to whoever can cure her (with fruit) [T68.1, H346]. The youngest of three brothers succeeds [Q2, L10, L13]. He is kind to a little man (old woman, grateful animals), who gives him the healing fruit [N825.3, D1500.1.5], after his elder brothers had reacted with annoyance at the little man's questions. Before the marriage takes place, the king gives the youngest brother impossible tasks. The little man helps him again. He has to build a ship that moves faster on land than on water (cf. Type 513B), to herd 100 rabbits (cf. Type 570), and to fetch a feather from a magic bird (cf. Type 461). He performs the tasks, makes a fortune, returns, humbles the king, and marries the princess [L161]. Or, the king copies him in order to gain the same riches. On the way across a lake the ferryman drops him into the water and he is drowned. The young suitor gains his kingdom and marries the princess. Cf. Type 551.",NA,"461, 513B, 517, 550, 554, 570, 671, 725, and 1610."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,611,The Gifts of the Demons (previously The Gifts of the Dwarfs),EM 5 (1987) 1125�1128 (�. D�m�t�r).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 113; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. IX, 109ff.; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 1, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 19, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 23; Icelandic: cf. Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 24; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Behrend 1912, No. 13, Benzel 1962, No. 171; Greek: Laogr�phia 20 (1962) 372ff., Diller 1982, No. 46, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Chinese: Ting 1978; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 108; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, Nos. 36�43.","The son of a merchant is betrothed to the daughter of another merchant (the adoptive son of a merchant falls in love with the merchant's daughter). When the boy's father dies, the girl's parents change their minds and send the boy to sea to get rid of him. The ship sinks but the boy saves himself (on an island). He rescues a child (from a lion, wolf, eagle, dragon, bad man) and receives a magic remedy (magic salve [D1500.1.19], healing water) as reward [D817.1] from demoniac women (dwarfs [F451.5.1], trolls, giants) with which he heals a sick princess (king), and a magic sword (spectacles, binoculars, flute, whistle, bone, gun) with which he overcomes a hostile army [D1400.1.4.1]. He returns home a rich man and marries the bride who had been promised to him in childhood (his first love [T102]).",NA,"531, 882, 930, 1060, 1650, and 1651."
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,612,The Three Snake-Leaves,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 119f. No. 104; Paris 1903c; BP I, 126�131; Basset 1924ff. II, 95; Wesselski 1925, 188�192; Besthorn 1935, 120f.; Wesselski 1938a, 92�95; HDM 2 (1934�40) 317f. (M. Lambertz); Tubach 1969, No. 2706, cf. No. 4272; Schwarzbaum 1978, 403, 406; EM 8 (1996) 833�835 (R. W. Brednich); R�th 1998; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 71f. (G. Dicke); Anderson 2000, 89�91; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 432; EM: Schlangenbl�tter: Die drei S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, No. 138; Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 83; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 465A*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Holbek 1987, 167f.; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 465A*, 612; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. E105; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, cf. Goldberg 1998, No. E105; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. B491.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 19, 138, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 16; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 564ff., III, 414; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 212ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 165, 312, II, No. 412; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 612, cf. Nos. *612B, *934B2, Koceva 2002; Greek: Klaar 1977, 94ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 612, 612A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 465A*, 612; Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 120; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 328, Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 175; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 325; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 465A*, Sabitov 1989, No. 465A*; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 465A*, 612; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 612A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 612, 612A, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 136; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 57; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 612, 612A; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 85; Guatemalan, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Cap Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 67; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 79, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. II, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 465A* and 612A). A man promises his wife (bride) that if she dies before him he will be buried with her [M254, S123.2] (to keep watch at her grave). She soon (after the wedding) dies. In the grave (at the grave-side) he sees a snake (weasel) revive another dead snake with a herb (three leaves, blade of grass) [B512, B491.1, D1500.1.4]. He revives his wife in the same manner [E165]. His wife then falls in love with another man (ship's captain) [K2213.5] and, together with her new lover, she throws her husband into the sea [K2213.2, S142]. Or, she leaves her husband and by a ruse causes him to be condemned to death (as a thief). A faithful servant [P361] (friend, his mother) resuscitates him with the snake-leaves [E105]. The guilty pair is exposed and punished [Q261]. In some Indian variants, a god permits a man to resuscitate his wife by giving her half of his own lifespan. She falls in love with another man and tries to kill her husband. He is rescued and asks his wife to return the given years he gave her. She dies for a second time. (Previously Type 612A.)","Early literary sources, e.g. Apollodorus (III,3,1), Hyginus, Fabulae (136), Pa�catantra (IV,5).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Magic Objects 560-649,NA,613,The Two Travelers,"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 193 No. 12, V, 11ff. No. 8, 14f. No. 158; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 281�290, 465; BP II, 468�482; Christiansen 1916; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 489; Wesselski 1925, No. 14; Bolte 1931a; Krohn 1931b; Pieper 1935, 29�33; Schwarzbaum 1968, 37f., 105f., 379, 443, 446, 461f., 481; Tubach 1969, Nos. 695, 4283; EM 1 (1977) 195�197; Schwarzbaum 1979, 391 not. 2, 461 not. 7; Uther 1981, 116f., 183f.; Jason 1988b, 53�113; Scherf 1995 I, 74�78; Dekker et al. 1997, 377�379; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Verfasserlexikon 10 (2000) 970�972 (S. Ringler); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 255, 382, 400; EM: Wanderer: Die beiden W. (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 114; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 117; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 613, 613*; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, Nos. 1, 38, IV, Nos. 16�18; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 12; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 122; French: Soupault 1963, 295ff., Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 55, II, No. 259, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 107; Swiss: Sooder 1929, 23f., cf. Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 30; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 34, 66; Ladinian: Uffer 1945, No. 3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 613, De Simone 1994, No. 85; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 5, 43, 51, 82, 88; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini, No. 613, 613A*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 98, MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 164ff., 171ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 695; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 170, 218; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 226f., Bolhar 1974, 50ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 7; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 26; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 396ff., III, 450; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002, Nos. 613, 613*; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 264f.; Greek: Klaar 1963, 159ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 63; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 67, 253; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 11, Noy 1965, No. 18, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Nos. 613, 613*, *613**; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 43, 116; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989, Nos. 613, 613A*; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Nebez 1972, 88ff.; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 613A�; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 189, 301, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 301, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Saudi Arabian, Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 172; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 13, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 460, 465, 467; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 1; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 613, 613**A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 613; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Guatemalan, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Bolivian, Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 38; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 613, 613A�; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 300, El-Shamy 2004; East African, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Eritrean, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1101; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 5.613.","(Truth and Falsehood). (Including the previous Types 613*, 613A*, and 613B*). Two men (travelers, brothers, tailor and cobbler) argue (wager) [N61] about whether truth or falsehood (justice or unjustice, whose religion) is more powerful. They call on animals and people they meet to act as judges [K451.1, N92]. The loser (the one who stands for the truth) is robbed and blinded, or the wicked man shares his bread with his hungry companion only if he will let his eyes be put out [M225, N2.3.3, S165]. The blind man spends the night in (under) a tree [F1045], where he overhears secrets of birds (other animals, devils, ogres, witches) [B253, G661.1, N451.1, N452]. By means of this knowledge [H963] he is able to restore his sight [D1505.5], to cure sickness (of the princess, king) [C940.1, D2064.1, V34.2], to end drought [F933.2, H1193, N452.1], etc. [N552.1.1, D2101, H1181]. He is rewarded (marries the princess [H346]). His companion, intending to acquire the same wealth, imitates him. He goes to the same tree (sometimes also blinded), but the birds (devils) think it was he who betrayed their secrets, and tear him to pieces [N471].",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 326, 531, 554, 812, 954, 1535, and 1641."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Brother Or Sister 450-459,450,Little Brother and Little Sister,"BP I, 79�96, III, 137; HDM 1 (1930�33) 308; Krzyanowski 1959; EM 2 (1979) 919�925 (I. K�hler); Vedernikova 1980; Schneider 1990, 154�156; Scherf 1995 I, 128�132, II, 773f., 902f., 908�912, 946�949, 978�980, 1071�1073, 1101�1105, 1149�1152; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999, No. 450 IV, VI.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 484f.; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 282, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 450, 707*; German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 11, cf. II, No. 141; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 12, Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 106ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 94, II, No. 478; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 1, Loukatos 1957, 94ff., Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 168; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 39, Haboucha 1992; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 75; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 71ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: Patai 1998, No. 23, El-Shamy 2004; Syrian, Jordanian, Oman, Qatar, Kuwaiti, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Nepalese: Kretschmar 1985; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 403A; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Flowers 1953; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. **452A, Pino-Saavedra 1964, No. 37; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 138, El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. I, 134ff.; East African: cf. Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","Little brother and little sister run away from their home because of their cruel stepmother [S31.5, S31] or because their parents want to eat them. In spite his sister's warning, the brother drinks from a spring or an animal's track [D555] and is transformed into a deer [D114.1.1] (lamb [D135], goat). The children live together in the forest until a prince finds them [P253.2, N711.1]. The sister hides up in a tree but the prince tricks her into coming down. She marries the prince and they take the animal brother with them. The prince is absent when their child is born. The sister is replaced by another bride [K1911, K1911.1.2], often the daughter of a bad woman (stepmother, witch, maid). The sister is thrown into the water [S142], transformed into a bird [D150] (fish [D170]), or swallowed by a fish [K1911.2.2.1]. She returns at night to suckle her child [E323.1.1, D688] and to look after her brother. A servant overhears the conversation between the animal brother and the sister and informs the prince [H13]. The false bride and her mother are punished. Cf. Type 403. In some variants the false bride and her mother want to kill the animal brother because they fear that the truth will be discovered. The cook saves him.",Elements are documented in Latin verse by the Polish poet C. Kobylieski in 1588.,"313, 327A, 403, 451, 480, and 709."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Brother Or Sister 450-459,451,The Maiden Who Seeks her Brothers,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 206ff. No. 248; BP I, 70�75, 227�234, 427�434, II, 560f.; Wesselski 1925, 173�178, 254f.; Tallqvist 1947; Krzyanowski 1965, 374f.; L�thi 1969a, 39�55; Scherf 1995 I, 197�201, II, 1077�1081, 1088f., 1091�1096, 1156�1159, 1427�1431, 1465�1470, 1472�1477; EM 8 (1996) 1354�1366 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Dekker et al. 1997, 238�242; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Shojaei Kawan 2003a, 218�224, 236.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 50; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 83; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 451, 451A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 451, 451A; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 10; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 22; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 451, 451B, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 267, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 7b; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, Tomkowiak 1993, 247, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 9, 25, 49; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 175; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 7; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 64; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 451, 451*, Aprile 2000 II; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 31ff.; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 45ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 110, 243, 286, 296, II, Nos. 350, 380, 409, 523, 559; Slovene: Flere 1931, 67ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 23; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas 1956f. II, Nos. 16, 17, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 43; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 165, 166; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 451, 451B*; Syrian, Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 451, 451A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *451; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 194; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 1; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Guatemalan, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 451, 451A; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 139, El-Shamy 2004, No. 451A; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 451A; Algerian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 163, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 451, 451A; Moroccan: Kossmann 2000, 110ff., El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 451, 451A; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 451, 451A.","(Including the previous Types 451A and 451*.) A girl rescues her twelve (seven, three, six) brothers [P253.0.5, P251.6.7, Z71.5.1] who had been transformed into animals (birds) [P253.2]. This tale exists chiefly in three different forms but they are often mixed with each other: (1) A stepmother transforms her stepsons into swans [D161.1] (ravens [D151.5]). The sister looks for her brothers and finds out how to release them: She has to be silent for some years [D758] and has to make shirts out of cotton-grass for the brothers [D753.1]. A king finds the young woman in the forest and marries her [N711]. In his absence she bears a child, but her mother-in-law takes it away and accuses her of eating the child [K2116.1.1] (having borne an animal). The young queen remains silent because of her brothers, even though she is to be executed. On her way to the funeral pyre her period of silence ends and her brothers are disenchanted. Everything is explained and the mother-in-law is punished. In some variants the disenchantment of one brother is not complete (he keeps a wing) because the sister cried a tear when her child was taken away (did not completely finish his shirt). (2) A girl finds her brothers in a remote place and keeps house for them. They tell her to take care of the cat (dog), watch the fire, and be careful of the demonic neighbor (ogre, witch). Once she forgets to divide her food with the cat, so it puts out the fire. After the girl asks the neighbor for help, the ogre comes regularly to suck her blood. When the brothers discover this, they kill him. The girl takes flowers (herbs) from the grave of the ogre. Her brothers eat them and they are changed into oxen (sheep, birds). The episode of disenchantment is less important. (3) A mother (father) curses her sons because there is not enough to eat. They are transformed into ravens (swans). The sister seeks for them and asks for directions from the sun, moon, and stars [H1232]. She finds her brothers on a glass mountain (glass palace). To reach them she needs a little bone as a key (gets help from the wind). She releases her brothers and they go back home. In some variants the episode with marriage and slander follows. Some variants start with the promise of the mother to sacrifice the brothers if a daughter (one more brother) is born [S272]. She tries to inform the boys after the birth by a sign [T595], but the wrong sign is sent [N344.1], so the brothers leave home [S272.1].","Early version see Johannes de Alta Silva, Dolopathos (No. 7).","403, 408, 450, 706, 707, and 709."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Brother Or Sister 450-459,452B*,The Sisters as Oxen,,"Spanish: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, No. 25, Camarena Laucirica 1991 I, No. 98; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 144, Cardigos (forthcoming); Jewish: Jason 1965; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 188; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **452B; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 188.","A witch and her daughter are jealous of three beautiful orphan girls who are in the king's favor. The witch puts magic powder in the girls' soup and the two elder girls eat it and are transformed into oxen. The king asks the youngest girl to marry him and she accepts on condition that the oxen are cared for in the king's palace. The witch visits the palace and sticks two pins in the queen's head, so she becomes a dove. The witch's daughter pretends to be the queen. The dove comes to the palace and is caught by a gardener, who has heard it speak. The king removes the pins from its head and it regains human form. The witch and her daughter are burned to death. Cf. Type 408.",NA,408.
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Brother Or Sister 450-459,459,The Make-Believe Son (Daughter),,"Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989.",A king casts out his first wife because she is childless. Later a maidservant informs the king that this queen has born a son (daughter) but the king is not allowed to see it. The queen is supplied with a house and food. After some years the king arranges a marriage for his 'child'. The maidservant makes an image of a youth or puts an animal in a sedan-chair. A god pities the queen and vivifies the image or turns the animal into a handsome youth (young woman). The king is reconciled with the queen. In some variants a prince falls in love with a doll thinking it is a young woman and he wants to marry her. Her 'parents' convince him to marry the daughter of their neighbor.,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425,The Search for the Lost Husband,"BP II, 205, 560f.; Swahn 1955; Schwarzbaum 1968, 94, 460; EM 1 (1977) 464�472 (G. A. Megas); Nicolaisen 1989; Scherf 1995 II, 922f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 483f.; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 70(6�9) Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, Nos. 37, 38, 84, Kristensen 1898, No. 8; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 11, Briggs 1970f. A I, 155ff., 458ff., 501f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 271ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 127, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, Nos. 16, 36, 67, Berger 2001; Austrian: Geramb/Haiding 1980, No. 8, Haiding 1953, No. 42; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 12, 17, 45; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 137, 298, II, Nos. 490, 556; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 215ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 35, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 45; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 29, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 2; Albanian: Hahn 1918 II, Nos. 100, 102; Greek: Hahn 1918 II, No. 73, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 90 (1�3), 93 (5�7), 93 (8�9), 95, 103, 105, 134 V; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 495, MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 87�102; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, cf. Nos. 20, 22; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 251, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 254, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, cf. Nos. 1, 21; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 425A; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 5, B�cker 1988, Nos. 6, 9; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 200; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 154; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); Spanish-American: TFSP 8 (1930) 99�101, 35 (1971) 127f., Robe 1973; Spanish-American, Mexican, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican, Dominican: Flowers 1953; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 26, 27; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 250, 251, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 245; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 244, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","This type refers to a cycle of related tales. It combines episodes from types 425A'425E, 425M, and 425*. Cf. Types 400, 430, 432, and 441.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 302, 311, 313, 400, 402, 403, 425A, 425C, 431, 432, 433B, 440, 441, 451, 510, 706, 707, and 857."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425*,The Insulted Bridegroom Disenchanted (previously Enchanted Animal Husband Insulted by Guests),,"Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 49; Swedish: Hylt�n-Cavallius/Stephens 1844, 381ff.; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 3; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 920; Italian: Gonzenbach 1870 II, No. 77, Cirese/Serafini 1975.","A princess (the youngest of three sisters) wants to marry. Her father insists that she must marry the first one whom she meets (whoever picks up a certain rose). A mouse with a stinking tail (a poor man carrying water) comes by, and the princess marries him [T118]. During the wedding feast, when guests insult the mouse-bridegroom, the castle and all its inhabitants disappear, and the princess finds herself alone. She sets out on a quest for her lost husband [H1385.4]. Two hermits direct her to the underworld. There she finds the castle of the mouse-bridegroom. Through her love he is disenchanted and turns into a beautiful prince [D700]. In some variants the princess lives in poverty with her husband. She dreams of a splendid castle and of wealth. Two times the dream comes true, and she invites her relatives to the castle. When her poor husband appears, someone calls his name and the castle disappears. The third time, she instructs them not to call her husband's name. Thus he is disenchanted.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425A,The Animal as Bridegroom,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 109, 315�319; BP II, 229�273, III, 37�43; Tegethoff 1922; Boberg 1938; Swahn 1955, 251�277; Kagan 1965; Megas 1971; EM 1 (1977) 464�472 (G. A. Megas); Fehling 1977; Sike 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 257�261, 434�437, II, 1122�1127; Dekker et al. 1997, 56�61; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 88(6�8); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 425ABC; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 8, Kamp 1877, No. 914, Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 75; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish, Irish, Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 274ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 425A, 425G, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 72, II, Nos. 221, 418, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 425A, 425G; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Meyer 1932, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 88, 127, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 67; Italian: Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 425A, 425G, cf. No. 425A*; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 42, 86; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 425A, 425G; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 347ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 39, 49, 66, 313, 315, II, Nos. 515, 584; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 10, Eschker 1992, No. 5; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 12; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 425A, 425G, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, No. 16; Greek: Laogr�phia 10 (1929) 402�405, 16 (1856) 409�412, 20 (1962) 385�394, 438�445, 21 (1963/64) 569�575; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 458; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 95 IV, 98; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1984, No. 7; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 87ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 425A, 425G; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 425G; Lebanese, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Qatar, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 137; Chinese: B�cker 1988, No. 9; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 201; Indonesian: Kratz 1978, No. 50; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; North American Indian: JAFL 35 (1922) 66�73; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-America: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, Nos. 28, 30; West Indies: Beckwith 1924, 130; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 425A, 425G; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3865; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1048.","(Including the previous Type 425G.) This type combines various introductory episodes with a common main part. Cf. Types 430, 432, and 441. Introductory episodes: (1) The youngest daughter asks her father (the king) to bring her a (musical) rose (lark, etc.)from his journey. He finds it in the garden of a beast, but in return has to promise his daughter (the first being he meets when he arrives at home) [L221, S228, S241] to the beast. The father tries in vain to send another girl instead of his daughter [S252]. Cf. Type 425C. (2) An animal-son (snake, crayfish, also pumpkin, etc.)is born (because of the hasty wish of his parents) [C758.1]. He demands a princess for his wife and performs difficult (impossible) tasks. The princess has to marry him [T111]. (3) A girl is intended (by fate) for an animal bridegroom or agrees to marry him [B620.1, L54.1]. (4) For other reasons a girl has an animal husband and lives together with him in his castle. He becomes a beautiful man by night [D621.1, B640.1]. Main part: When the young wife (often on the advice of her female relatives) burns the animal-skin of her bridegroom [C757.1] (looks at him during the night or burns him with candle wax [C32.1, C916.1], reveals his secret [C421], or otherwise prevents his disenchantment), he goes away [C932]. The young wife sets out for a long and difficult quest [H1385.4] (in iron shoes [Q502.2], etc.). On her way she is given directions and precious gifts by the sun, moon, wind, and stars [H1232] (helpful old people or animals [H1233.1.1, H1235). She arrives (sometimes by climbing a glass mountain [H1114]) at her bridegroom's far-away residence. She finds that her husband has another (supernatural) bride. She takes service as maid [Q482.1] and trades her precious things (golden implements for spinning, jewels, magnificent clothes, etc.)for three nights by the side of her lost husband [D2006.1.1]. She wants to awaken his memory of her, but two times he is drugged by a soporific. He spills the soporific on the third night, stays awake, and recognizes her as his true bride [D2006.1.4]. (Death of the false bride.) Cf. Type 313.","Many structural similarities between Types 425A and 425B. Partly because Swahn reversed subtypes A and B, some variants are not clearly assigned to one type or the other. Essential for Type 425A are the motifs �wife�s quest and gifts� and �nights bought�.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 301, 313, 402, 425, 425B, 425C, 425E, 432, 433B, and 441."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425B,Son of the Witch (previously The Disenchanted Husband: the Witch's Tasks),"BP II, 229�273, III, 37�43; Weinreich 1921; Swahn 1955, 278�295; Megas 1971; EM 1 (1977) 464�472 (G. A. Megas); Scherf 1995 I, 116�121, 289�291, II, 923�925, 1025�1028, 1214�1216; Dekker et al. 1997, 56�61; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1324�1327 (T. A. Tangherlini); Hansen 2002, 100�114, 392�397.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 42, 45; Finnish-Swedish: �berg 1887, Nos. 228, 230, Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 71; Estonian: Kallas 1900, Nos. 19, 20; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 31, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Wichmann 1916, No. 36; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 425ABC, 428; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 107, Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 16, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 52, III, No. 53, B�dker/H�llen 1966, 7ff.; Scottish: Chambers 1870, 95ff., Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 12; Irish: FL 4 (1893) 190�194, 322�327, B�aloideas 2 (1929) 157ff., 7 (1937) 59�62, O�Faolain 1965, 299ff.; English: Jacobs 1894b, 20ff., 34ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 425B, 425N, 428; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 425B, 425N, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 160, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Volkskunde 8 (1895/96) 141�147; German: Peuckert 1932, Nos. 81, 82, 90, Hen�en 1944, 5ff., Wossidlo/Hen�en 1957, No. 57; Italian: Todorovi-Str�hl/Lurati 1984, No. 16, Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 425B, 425N, 428; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 27, cf. No. 79; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 425B, 425N; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 73, MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 168ff., V, 197ff., cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 49; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 12; Rumanian: Kremnitz 1882, No. 5; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 425B, cf. No. *425N*, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 7; Greek: Laogr�phia 15 (1941) 341ff., 21(1963/64) 151ff., Klaar 1977, 56ff.; Polish: Nedo 1972, 156ff.; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 428, cf. No. 621; Bylorussian: SUS, No. 428; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 98; Jewish: cf. Larrea Palac�n 1952f. II, No. 137; Udmurt: Kralina 1961, No. 45; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 87ff.; Kalmyk: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 425N*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 425B, 428; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 251; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 425N; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 425B, 428; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 16, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 425**E; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. **429; Venezuelan: Hansen 1957, No. 425*D; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 251, El-Shamy 2004; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 428.","(Cupid and Psyche.) (Including the previous Types 425J, 425N, and 428.) This type combines various introductory episodes with a common main part. Cf. Type 425A. Introductory episodes: A young woman marries a supernatural bridegroom: (1) She is given to her bridegroom because of a present that she has asked her father to bring back from a journey [S228]. (2) The bridegroom performs a set of difficult tasks. (3) She pulls up an herb and discovers the bridegroom's subterranean castle (a wind carries her there). (4) She finds him in another way. The bridegroom is the son of a witch (ogress) or he is (during the day) an animal [D621.1]. Main part: The young woman breaks the bridegroom`s prohibition (cf. Typ 425A), and he goes away [C932]. (Before he leaves, he gives her a token, e.g. ring, feather.) (In iron shoes) she sets out to find him [H1385.4, H1125]. The bride comes to the house of her bridegroom's mother, a witch, who swears by her son's name not to devour her. The witch imposes difficult tasks on the young woman, which she performs (with the help of her bridegroom): to sort a large quantity of grain [H1122], to fill mattresses with the feathers of all kinds of birds, to wash the black wool white and the white black [H1023.6, cf. Type 1183], to sweep a house but leave it unswept [H1066], etc. In some variants she enchants (three) suitors and makes them fight (part of previous Type 425N). Cf. Types 313, 875. The young woman is sent on a dangerous journey to bring a casket from the sister of the witch. Having passed obstacles (with the advice from her bridegroom) and obtained the casket, she is forbidden to open it. (Cf. Types 408, 480.) When the bride acts against the prohibition, her husband helps her. At the wedding of the bridegroom and the witch's daughter, the young woman has to hold ten burning candles (torches). Her bridegroom saves her from being burned. The young woman remarries her bridegroom, or both escape by a magic (transformation) flight [D671, D672]. In some variants a female demon (witch) demands that a young woman accomplish impossible tasks [G204, H1010, H931]. Among other things, the girl has to bring a letter to another demon telling her to kill the girl [K978] (cf. Type 930). A wolf helps the girl to escape the danger [B435.3]. As a reward, the wolf is disenchanted. He turns to a prince [D113.1] and marries the young woman. (Previously Type 428.)","The earliest literary version is by Apuleius, Cupid and Psyche, in Metamorphoses (IV,28�VI,24), ca. 100 C.E. Many structural similarities exist between Types 425A and 425B, and often the variants are not clearly identified as belonging to one type or the other. The essential feature of this type is the quest for the casket, which entails the visit to the second witch�s house. Usually the supernatural bridegroom is the witch�s son, and he helps his wife perform the tasks. According to Swahn (1955), the previous Type 428 is a fragment of Type 425B.","425A, 425C, 425E, 433B, and 857."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425C,Beauty and the Beast,"BP II, 231�234, 241�245; HDM 1 (1930�33) 237�239 (P. Groth); Pires de Lima 1952; Swahn 1955, 296�312; Megas 1971; EM 1 (1977) 464�472 (G. A. Megas); Bottigheimer 1989; Hearne 1989; Kaltz 1989; Scherf 1995 I, 609�611, II, 1056�1059; Dekker et al. 1997, 56�61; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 43; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. cf. Nos. 76, 128b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 425ABC; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. II, No. 22, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 51, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 51; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 487ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 425C, 425H; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 110, 111, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 15; Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 9; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 88; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 168; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. XIV, 93; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 425C, cf. No. 425X*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 555ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 189ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 196, 339; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 123ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 15; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Laogr�phia 10 (1929) 433�435, 16 (1956) 402�404, 19 (1961) 569�575; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 99, 104; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 425C, cf. No. 425X*; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 179; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 411A, 411B, 411C; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); US-American: Baughman 1966, WF 40 (1981) 242f.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Colombian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 29; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 425H.) A merchant sets out on a journey and intends to bring back presents for his three daughters. The two elder ones demand jewels and clothes, the youngest a rose [L221]. The father is not able to find one. He loses his way and stays overnight in a deserted castle, where he breaks off a rose. An (invisible) animal (beast) demands that the man return or send a substitute [S222]. The youngest daughter meets her father's obligation but refuses to marry the (ugly) animal, who treats her kindly. In a magic mirror she sees her father is ill. She is allowed to visit him but (influenced by her envious sisters) overstays the allotted time [C761.2]. She returns and finds the animal near death, realizes she loves him, and caresses or kisses him. By this means she disenchants the prince from his animal shape [D735.1]. They marry.","Type 425C is characterized by the �presents for the daughters� introduction and the absence of a quest or search. It first appears in two 18th century French versions, Mme. de Villeneuve�s La Belle et la b�te (1740) and Mme. de Beaumont�s tale of the same name (1757). Cf. Mme. d�Aulnoy, Le Mouton (1698).","300, 425, and 425A."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425D,The Vanished Husband (previously Vanished Husband Learned of by Keeping Inn (Bath-house),"Swahn 1955, 313�317.","Spanish: Camarena Laucirica 1984, No. 85; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 8, 175, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 425D, 425F; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II, No. 425F; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Laogr�phia 15 (1953) 319�323, 16 (1956) 178�182, 185�188, 17 (1957) 619�625, 21 (1963/64) 130�135, 469, 569�575; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 92 (3�8), 93 (1�4), 98 III 4 (var. b, c), 102 III 5 (var. d, o, y); Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, No. 425*Q; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 23ff.; Lebanese: Jahn 1970, No. 12; Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 425F; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *425D; Indian: Knowles 1888, 491ff., Chilli 1920, 113ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 312B, 413E; Chilean: Foresti Serrano 1982, 115ff.; Egyptian: Artin Pacha 1895, 87ff., Nowak 1969, No. 250, El-Shamy 2004, No. 425F; Libyan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 245; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 425F; Algerian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 120.","(Including the previous Type 425F.) (A childless couple adopts an animal or object which grows up and wants to marry; cf. Type 433B). The animal (crayfish, frog, he-goat, bird, etc. , or the head of a donkey) performs the tasks set for the suitors [T68] and marries the king's youngest daughter. During the night he turns into a beautiful young man [B640.1]. He warns his wife against telling his secret, but she breaks the taboo and he leaves her [C932]. The wife sets up an inn (bakery, bathhouse) where everyone who tells a tale gets free service [H11.1.1] (disguised as a man [K1837], she gives a golden coin to everyone she meets, if they will tell a tale). She thus learns where her husband lives and how to save him [C991]. She finds her husband and disenchants him. In some variants a princess loses her enchanted bridegroom, a bird [D150], and becomes melancholy. The king promises a reward to anyone who can make the princess laugh [H1194]. An old woman, who knows where the bridegroom lives, tells the princess and makes her laugh. The princess finds her bridegroom in his castle. She releases him from his enchantment by starving for seven years (standing without shelter out in the wind and rain for a year or more). By doing this she becomes so ugly that the prince does not want her. With the help of kind fairies she becomes beautiful and wealthy. Her bridegroom falls in love with her. She makes demands on him (he must build a bridge and lie down in a coffin). They are reunited. (Previously Type 425F.)",NA,"425, 425A."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425E,The Enchanted Husband Sings Lullaby,"Swahn 1955, 318�320; Bradnait 1975.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 425E, 425L; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 425E, cf. 425L; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 229, 286, 334, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 425L, Aprile 2000 II; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II, No. 425; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 425L; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1984, 174ff., cf. Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, 130ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 30; Macedonian: Popvasileva 1983, No. 90; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 425A; Bulgarian: cf. Parpulova/Dobreva 1982, 156ff., BFP, No. 425L; Greek: Laogr�phia 17 (1957/58) 619�622, 19 (1961) 569�575, Megas 1970, Nos. 26, 29; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 95 V, 102 III 4 (var. h), 104, Boratav 1967, No. 6; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, No. 425L; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 425L; Palestinian, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 425L; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 425E, 425L; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 312A; Mexican: cf. Robe 1973, No. 425A; Chilean: cf. Hansen 1957, No. 425; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1999, No. 23, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 425E, 425L; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 97; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 425E, 425L; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 425L.","(Including the previous Type 425L.) A young woman follows an enchanted man (usually a prince) to his underground castle (grotto) and marries him. During the night her husband takes on his human shape. He forbids her to open a certain room [C611] (she is not allowed to watch him at night, to wake him up, to open the padlock of his heart or to look through a keyhole into his body). She breaks the taboo and, although she is pregnant, she is chased away. The pregnant woman finds lodging in the house of a rich woman (queen) whose son had disappeared a long time ago. Here she gives birth to a child. At night the enchanted husband visits his sleeping wife, sings a lullaby to the child, and thus tells how he may be disenchanted (roosters must not crow, church bells must not ring, etc.). Maidservants report this to the lady of the house. In the third night the conditions demanded in the song are met (the enchanted man is embraced or seized). The man is released from the enchantment and is recognized as the missing son. (Previously Type 425L.) Cf. Type 434.","Early version see Basile, Pentamerone (II,9).",432.
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,425M,The Snake as Bridegroom (previously Bathing Girl's Garments Kept),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 573f.; Swahn 1955, 340�342; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 44; Estonian: Kallas 1900, No. 21, Baer 1970, 129ff., Viidalepp 1980, No. 55; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Plenzat 1927, 24; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 35; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Polish: Nedo 1972, 178ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Tatar: Kakuk/K�nos 1989, No. 5; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 4; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Kenyan: Mbiti 1966, No. 8.","A serpent (water being, dragon) steals the clothes of a bathing girl and gives them back only when she promises to marry him [K1335]. The serpent takes her as his bride to his splendid castle (at the bottom of the sea) where she gives birth to two children. The serpent promises that the woman may visit her parents if she performs certain impossible tasks (wearing out iron shoes [H1125, Q502.2], spinning an endless thread, etc.) [H1010]. By following the advice of an old woman she succeeds [N825.3], and finally she and her children are allowed to visit her parents for three days. But she is warned not to tell anyone about her husband [C421]. The woman keeps the promise. The children, however, tell the relatives about their father and give away the secret of the magic formula by which he can be summoned. The woman's brothers call the serpent and kill him. Together with her children the woman returns. She calls her husband, but there is only blood in the sea. So she realises that the children have betrayed her and condemns them to be turned into trees [D215].",NA,857.
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,426,"The Two Girls, the Bear, and the Dwarf","BP III, 259f.; Karlinger 1963; Bausinger 1990; Scherf 1995 II, 1041�1043; EM 8 (1996) 1350�1353 (H. R�lleke); R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, No. 59; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: cf. Sahlgren/Liljeblad 1937ff. III, No. 83; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Dutch: Meder 2000, No. 9; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Stahl 1821, 206ff., Ranke 1955ff. II, Uther 1990a, No. 61, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 161; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Sardinian: Karlinger 1973b, 17ff.; Czech: Jech 1959, No. 40; Croatian: Stojanovi 1879, 92ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Robe 1970, No. 64.","During the winter two sisters (called 'Snow White' and 'Rose Red') invite a bear into their hut. Three times the sisters rescue an evil dwarf who was going to steal some treasures, but he is ungrateful and insults them [F451.2.3.1, K1111.1, F451.6.1, F451.5.2.1]. Thereupon the bear (who had been enchanted by the dwarf) catches him. The dwarf offers treasures to the bear if he will devour the girls instead of him. But the bear kills the dwarf and thus is disenchanted and turns into a prince [D763]. The prince marries one of the sisters and his brother (who was not mentioned until then) the other.",Retold by Wilhelm Grimm from a tale by Karoline Stahl (1818).,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,430,The Donkey (Asinarius),"BP II, 234�273, III, 152�166; Anderson 1954; Anderson 1958; EM 1 (1977) 865�867 (F. Wagner); Verfasserlexikon 1 (1978) 509f. (K. Langosch); cf. EM 4 (1984) 426; Scherf 1995 I, 106f., 283�286; cf. Adrados 1999ff. III, No. not-H. 49.","Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: cf. Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Fontinha 1997, 50f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 16; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 144; Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1916, 223ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 7; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: cf. Bodding 1925ff. I, No. 23; Chinese: cf. Riftin et al. 1977, No. 5; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","After a royal couple have long wished for children, the queen finally gives birth to a donkey. Raised as a human, he learns courtly customs and how to sing and play the lyre (harp, etc.) [D963]. On the day when he first sees a reflection of his face, he runs away accompanied by a servant. In a foreign country he entertains the king's court with his musical talents. He meets the king's daughter and is charmed by her beauty. When the donkey wants to return home, the king tries to prevent him by offering him his daughter in marriage [B641.4]. On the wedding night the donkey takes off his skin and turns into a handsome prince. A servant who observes this tells the king, who burns up the skin on the following night [D721.3]. The prince, unable to become a donkey again, wants to flee, but the king stops him and gives him part of his kingdom. Cf. Type 425A.","From a versified novella from southern Germany of ca. 1200, which was much read in courtly circles. The donkey with human sensibilities is traced to the ancient novelle of Pseudo-Lucian and Apuleius. Prose versions were popularized by the Grimms� text. Oral versions are often so much abbreviated that they are difficult to distinguish from Type 425A.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,431,The House in the Forest,"BP III, 276f.; EM 6 (1990) 594�599 (I. Tomkowiak); Scherf 1995 I, 309f., 521�523, 581�583, 747f., II, 809�811, 1354�1357; R�th 1998.","Finnish-Swedish: �berg 1887, Nos. 159, 251, 252; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 187; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Rey-Henningsen 1996, No. 12; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 169, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 11; Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1916, 287ff., Geramb/Haiding 1980, No. 1; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 455ff., cf. 449ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, cf. Nos. 137, 169, II, No. 562, cf. Nos. 345, 395, 414, 545, 556, 557; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 34; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 31, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 25; Greek: cf. Dawkins 1953, No. 11; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 431A; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 41; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 46; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 30, etkarev 1956, No. 26; Kalmyk: cf. Lrincz 1979; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 292, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 107; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: cf. Klipple 1992; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","Three sisters one after the other go to a house in the forest where an old man lives with his three animals [D1890, D166.1.1, D166.1, D133.1]. The two older girls cook and make a bed only for the man, not for the animals, nor do they wait for the old man to go to bed before they do [Q2]. He shuts them up in his cellar. The youngest girl takes care of the animals, feeds them [L54] and takes the leftovers for herself, and goes to bed only after the old man is settled down for the night. She wakes up in a palace. Instead of the old man, she finds a young prince, who, together with his three servants, had been enchanted by a witch. The girl and the prince marry [L162], and the sisters must serve as maids until they prove themselves to be sympathetic to animals. In some variants a woman spoils her lazy, bad-tempered daughter and mistreats the industrious stepsister, giving her only a little food. She follows a rolling loaf of bread to a (enchanted) house in the forest. She shares her food with animals who live there (whom she has brought with her) and is kind to an old man or an animal-man (forest spirit). On the advice of the animals, she takes the man to bed with her, and he is disenchanted (along with the animals) [D731]. She marries the man or is given a reward. The jealous sister comes to the house with good food, but does not share it with the animals, so they do not give her advice. She is unkind to the old man (spirit) and is (severely) punished. Cf. Type 480.",Documented in the 19th century.,"480, 510A."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,432,The Prince as Bird,"BP II, 261�273; Scherf 1995 I, 34�36, 101�106, 291�295, II, 1019�1021, 1084�1088, 1259�1261; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1319�1324 (C. Goldberg).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 46; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 72; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 314, Kristensen 1881ff. III, Nos. 9, 10, IV, Nos. 24, 25; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 221f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. D641.1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 64, II, No. 358, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Meyer 1932; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 356f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 105, II, No. 584; Slovene: Drekonja 1932, 21ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 7, Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 102; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 12, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 254, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *432; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 432**A; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Colombian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 84, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 4.432.","The youngest of three sisters asks her father, when he goes on a journey, to bring her an unusual present (feather, plant, book, violin, mirror, pearl, etc.) [L221]. The father at first cannot find such a thing, but then he obtains it from an unknown prince. (Cf. Types 425A, 425B, 425C, 894.) The daughter uses the present to call its owner, who comes (in bird form) through her window [D641.1]. The envious sisters (stepmother) spy and discover the lover. They put knives or broken glass around the window [K2212.1, S181]. The prince is wounded and does not visit any more. The youngest daughter (disguises herself as a man [K1837] and) goes to look for her lover [H1385.5]. She overhears a conversation between birds (demonic beings, who meet in or under a tree) who speak about where the prince is and how he can be cured by a medicine [N452]. The woman prepares the medicine, finds her lover, and heals him. In payment, he gives her a present (ring, hair, shirt, horse). The prince recognizes his love. Or, back home, she summons him by means of the feather (etc.). He comes but is angry because he believes that she had injured him, and she explains what really happened. She shows him the second present (ring, shirt etc.) to prove that it was she who had cured him. They are reconciled [B642].","The beginning of the tale appears in Marie de France�s Yonec (ca. 1150), see also Mme. d�Aulnoy�s L�Oiseau bleu (1697).","425, 425A, 425B, 480, 510A, 510B, and 511."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,433B,King Lindorm,"Olrik 1904; Waldemarsohn-Rooth 1942; Holbek 1987, 457�498; Scherf 1991; Lindow 1993; EM 8 (1996) 160�165 (B. Holbek, J. Lindow); Scherf 1995 I, 702�708, II, 1019�1021, cf. 1021�1025, 1025�1028, 1214�1216, 1227�1231; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999, Nos. 433B, 433C.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 47; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 433A; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 433; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 433A, 433B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 409A*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 433AB; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 433A; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 216, II, No. 314, Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 433; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 433; Spanish Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, No. 433; Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1916, 351ff., Haiding 1953, No. 3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 433A, 433C, Aprile 2000 II, No. 433; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 86; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: cf. Tille 1929ff. II 2, 346f.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 173ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, cf. Nos. 39, 313, II, No. 558; Slovene: Kelemina 1930, 119; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 9, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 46, Eschker 1992, No. 4; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 433B, cf. No. *433B*, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, No. 433B*; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 101, 106 (1�7); Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 71; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, No. 433; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 1; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 433, 433B; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Qatar, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 433A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 433B, 433C; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 433C; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 433C, cf. No. 433D; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 200, 202; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 40ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 433C; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.), No. 433; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 425**E; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, No. 433A, Hansen 1957, No. **447F; Peruvian, Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995 II; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 30; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 433A, 433C; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 433, 433A; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 433A; East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992, No. 433; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3130; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1051.","(Including the previous Types 433, 433A, and 433C.) Cf. Type 430. This tale deals with a brave woman who marries a snake (worm, frog or toad, lizard, another animal). She disenchants him by kissing or embracing him or by sharing his bed [D735.1], or because she wears more shirts than he has layers of skin. (Previously Types 433 and 433A.) Cf. Types 425A, 441, 480, 711. This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A poor woman gives birth to a snake (a couple adopt a snake or a frog as their child). When the animal grows up he wants to marry the daughter of the king. The king sets impossible tasks, which the snake accomplishes (the snake frightens the king). The snake marries the princess, and after the wedding he turns into a handsome man (prince). (2) A childless queen (through a hasty wish [T513] or magic conception [T510]) gives birth to an animal son (snake, dragon, etc.) whom she keeps secret. When he grows up he wants to marry, but every woman who marries him is killed on her wedding night. One courageous young woman (a mistreated stepdaughter) puts on seven shirts one on top of the other (on the advice of a wise woman, her dead mother). She challenges the snake to shed one of his skins every time she takes off one of her shirts. When he is completely stripped, she whips him and then bathes him in milk [D766.1]. She lies down beside him and he turns into a handsome young man. (The skins are destroyed [D721.3].) (3) A young woman marries a snake who gives her jewelry and turns into a handsome young man. The woman burns the snake skin and lives happily with her husband. Another jealous woman tells her father she too wants to marry a snake. She is left in a room alone with such an animal, who kills her. (Previously Type 433C.) In some variants after the husband is disenchanted, the woman is (slandered by a jealous woman and) banished. She disenchants a prince (who has been transformed into a bird) or a dead man, marries him, and gives birth to a son. Her first husband finds her after a long search. She must choose between the husbands and decides to stay with the first.","The earliest European versions are the verse novella Asinarius of ca. 1200 (cf. Type 430) and Straparola, Piacevoli notti (II,1) (cf. Type 441).","408, 425C, 510A, and 720."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,434,The Stolen Jewelry (previously The Stolen Mirror),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 335; EM: Spiegel: Der gestohlene S. (forthcoming).","Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 81, 122, 313, 314, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 13, Appari 1992, No. 58, Aprile 2000 II; Turkish: K�nos 1905, 282ff., Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 93, Boratav 1958, No. 11, Walker/Uysal 1966, 104ff.; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 205ff.; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","(In order to avert a prophecy, a princess is confined to a tower or underground cave.) A prince in the form of a bird [D150] visits her three times and each time takes something away (jewelry, comb, mirror, hair ribbon). The princess becomes lovesick [T24.1] and goes to find the bird [H1385.5]. She learns (from an old man) where the bird has gone [H1233.1] and discovers that he can change into a handsome young man. She becomes pregnant by him and, in his mother's house, gives birth to a child. She learns (from him) how she can disenchant him. She fulfills the requirements (together with his mother) and he is disenchanted. Cf. Type 425E.",NA,"400, 425D, and 432."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,434*,The Diver,"Ullrich 1884; Pitr� 1904; Heinisch 1981; Breymayer 1983f.; J�rv 2002, 158�168; EM: Taucher (in prep.).","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Italian: Calvino 1956, No. 147.","(Cola Pesce.) A man skilled in diving lives like a fish in the sea (and sometimes transforms himself into an ocean animal). The king summons him and orders him to go and report on various places under the water. The diver complies at first, but then he refuses to go to a particularly dangerous place. The king throws his crown into the sea [H1132.1.7], sending the diver on a quest from which he never returns. In an Estonian oikotype, the diver is in love with a princess. A jealous suitor tells her [H911] to throw a piece of jewelry into the sea for the diver to retrieve [cf. H1132.1.7]. The diver transforms himself into a duck and accomplishes this task [D161, D641]. He turns back into his human form [D700] and marries the princess [L161].",First appears in the 12th century in a poem by the Proven�al poet Raimon Jordan. The form with the love story was popularized by Friedrich Schiller�s ballad Der Taucher.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,440,The Frog King or Iron Henry,"BP I, 1�9; HDM 2 (1934�40) 267�275 (M. Grunwald); R�hrich 1979; R�hrich 1987; EM 5 (1987) 410�424 (L. R�hrich); Kotaka 1992; Sutton 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 139�141, 336�361, II, 893f., 922f., 1052�1054, 1388f.; Dekker et al. 1997; R�th 1998; Hansen 2002, 145.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, 221ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 73; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 425C; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 157f.; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 45, IV, No. 83, Holbek 1990, No. 12; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 397ff., 443ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 258f., 259f., 563f.; French: Seignolle 1946, No. 97, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 375, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 1, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 36, Berger 2001, No. 440, cf. No. 440*; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 94; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 344�346; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 187ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 569; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 66 (1932) 14; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: Nicoloff 1979, No. 17; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 21, Nedo 1956, No. 42; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 411; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Pakistani: Rassool 1964, 77ff.; Chinese: cf. Riftin et al. 1977, No. 5, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 200, 202; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 5 (1965) 5�48; African American: Burrison 1989, 150f.; Mexican: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A young princess (youngest of three sisters) drops her golden ball into a well [C41.2], and a frog [B211.7.1] gives it back to her. (In some variants the frog helps her with some other difficulty.) He makes her promise him that he may eat from her plate, drink from her cup, and sleep in her bed [S215.1]. The animal comes for his reward and the king insists the princess do as she had promised. Angry, she throws the frog at the wall and he turns into a handsome prince [D789]. In some variants the frog is disenchanted by means of a kiss, marriage, from being decapitated, etc. [D735.1, D743, D711]. In the Grimms' version: When the prince takes the princess home in his carriage, they meet his faithful servant Henry, whose heart had broken when the prince was enchanted. The iron bands that had held it together break from joy [F875]. In some variants the bride has the iron bands on her heart, and they break from pain, not from joy. After the disenchantment, both partners may be put to a test. The princess searches all over the world for her bridegroom, and he must identify his true bride. Cf. Types 313, 425A.","First published in this form in the early 19th century. Variants are found all over Europe, but many are obviously dependent on the Grimms� version.","425, 433B."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,441,Hans my Hedgehog,"BP II, 234�273, 482�485; EM 6 (1990) 494�498 (I. K�hler); Scherf 1995 I, 116�121, 353�356, 565�568, 708�710, II, 1136f., 1270�1272, 1339�1342; R�th 1998.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 441, cf. No. *441*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Pr�hle 1854, No. 13, Neumann 1971, No. 85, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 108; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 67; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 299ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 298; Slovene: Byhan 1958, 94ff., Bolhar 1974, 101ff.; Croatian: Leskien 1915, No. 33; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 188, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 72; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 173, 180, 181; Iranian: Christensen 1958, No. 10; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 32, 170; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 425A; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A previously-childless couple (because of a hasty wish or a curse) have a son who is a hedgehog [C758.1, T554]. He becomes a swineherd in the forest, where the pigs thrive under his care. He gives directions to three (two) kings (merchant, count, king, one king three times, etc.) who have lost their way, and is promised one of their three daughters as his wife [S226]. Riding on a rooster, he goes to claim his bride three times. Two of the princesses refuse him and he scratches them, but the third agrees to marry him [B641.5]. On the wedding night (on the way to the church, after they have lived together), the animal's skin is destroyed (the princess kisses the hedgehog, whips him, cuts off his head, etc.). The hedgehog is disenchanted and turns into a handsome young man [D721.3]. (The two other princesses kill themselves from jealousy and anger.) Cf. Types 425C, 433B.","The oldest complete literary text is Straparola, Piacevoli notti (II,1) (cf. Type 433B).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,442,The Old Woman in the Forest (previously The Old Man in the Forest),"BP III, 9f.; HDM 1 (1930�33) 49f. (L. Mackensen); Scherf 1995 I, 18�20.","Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 123; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 73; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 115, 179, 181; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XI, No. 15.","Robbers attack a group of travelers, and a poor servant girl survives by hiding in a tree. In the evening a dove brings her keys that unlock three trees in which she finds food, clothing, and a bed. The dove tells her to go to a little house where she will find an old woman. She should not answer any of her questions but should bring back a plain ring, leaving the shiny one there. The girl does as the dove ordered, and does not let the old woman distract her. She stops the old woman from running away with a bird cage, and finds the ring in the bird's beak. While waiting for the dove, the girl puts the ring on her finger [D1076]. Immediately a tree envelops her with its branches and turns into a handsome young prince [D431.2] who explains that he had been enchanted by the witch. Other trees turn into servants and horses. The prince takes the girl to his kingdom, where they marry [L162]. Cf. Type 405.",NA,"425B, 707."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,444*,Enchanted Prince Disenchanted,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *444F*; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. II, No. 2, Grundtvig 1876ff. III, 128ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 444D*; German: K�lm/Gutowski 1937, 93ff.; Italian: Aprile 2000 II, No. 444A*; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nedo 1972, 170ff.; Jewish: Haboucha 1992, Nos. 444*, **444, **444F*; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 88; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 41; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **444; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. **446.","(Including the previous Types 432*, 444A*, 444B*, 444D*, and 444E*.) Miscellaneous type. A prince is transformed (by a supernatural being) into an animal (monkey, fish, dragon, bird, cat, wild boar, etc.). He is disenchanted by a woman who sympathizes with him or helps him (by performing a task, obtaining a magic object, etc.).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Husband 425-449,449,Sidi Numan (previously The Tsar's Dog [Sidi Numan]),"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 315f., VI, 22f. No. 194, 44f. No. 209, 56ff. No. 222, 198f. No. 371, VII, 130, No. 398, VIII, 161f. No. 170; BP III, 7�9; Anderson 1914; Basset 1924ff. II, 221 No. 9; Anderson 1935, 17�19; D�gh 1960; Ruxndoiu 1963; Schwarzbaum 1968, 34; Hor�lek 1969b, 169�178; Ting 1987; Marzolph 1992 II, No. 231; Scherf 1995 I, 423f., 429�434, 717�719, II, 1416f.; R�th 1998, No. 449AB; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 7, 351, 468; EM: Sidi Numan (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 48; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Flemish: Witteryck 1946, 253ff.; German: cf. Pr�hle 1853, No. 35, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 38; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 449, VIII, No. 1898*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1984, 182ff.; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1934, No. 16; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 45; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 449, *449A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 204 (3); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 92, III, cf. No. 145, MNK X 1, Nos. 449, 1898*; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 10; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 202ff., cf. �akryl 1975, Nos. 23, 43; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 74; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, No. 16, Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 8, 28; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 128; Kalmyk, Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 449A*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1511;Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 449, 1511; Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Spanish-American: Espinosa 1937, No. 82; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 73ff.; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 169, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 449, 1511; Libyan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 449, 1511; Tunisian, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 1898*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man discovers that his wife eats corpses in the night. When he accuses her of this, she turns him into a dog. Another sorceress recognizes that the dog is really a human and returns him to his original form. With her help the husband is able to turn his wife into a mare and he beats her (to death). (2) An unfaithful wife turns her husband into a dog [D141, K1535], which herds sheep and also rescues the king's baby [D682.3]. When he returns to his wife, she turns him into a bird [D151.8]. He finds a magic wand, becomes a man again, and changes his wife and her lover into donkeys [D682.3].","Version (1) is traced to the Arabian Nights. Version (2) is thought to be a folktale from Syria that has spread to eastern Europe, the Balkans, and the Caucasus. Its characteristic features are the absence of the corpse-eating and the transformation of the dog into a bird.","313, 400, and 992A."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,400,The Man on a Quest for his Lost Wife,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 29ff. No. 212A, 35ff. No. 212B; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 308�312; BP II, 318�348, III, 406�417; Christiansen 1959, 245f.; Hatto 1961; Kleivan 1962; Schwarzbaum 1968, 86, 459; Rieber 1980; Matveeva 1981; Grange 1983; Scherf 1995 I, 92f., 217f., 418�420, 466�470, 523�526, 536�540, 586�589, 710�717, 722�726, II, 811�816, 957�960, 1234�1237, 1421�1423; Dekker et al. 1997, 225�229; EM 9 (1999) 195�210 (C. Schmitt); R�th 1998, Nos. 400A�C; Schmidt 1999; EM 10 (2002) 1351�1355 (S. R�hle); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 178, 230, 549.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 34; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 74(11), 75, 76; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 400, 401, 401A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 400*, 401A; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 4080, Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 2, III, 163ff., Kristensen 1881ff. I, Nos. 1�3, III, XI�XXVIII, IV, No. 42; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Nos. 400, 401; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 44, Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 37, Briggs 1970f. A I, 284ff., 448ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 400, 401; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 400, 401; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 400, 401; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 400, 401, 401A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 159, 162, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, Nos. 248, 299; Kooi 2003, No. 28; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 400, 401, 401A; German: Meyer 1932, No. 401, Ranke 1955ff. I, Nos. 400, 401, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 92, 93, 137, III, No. 193, Berger 2001; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, 49ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 2, 5, 19, 21, Haiding 1969, No. 102; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 26, 52, 98, XI, No. 2, XIV, 90, Kindl 1992, Nos. 2, 4, 17; Italian: Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 400, 401; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 21; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 400, 401, 401A; Czech: Tille 1921, 124ff., 127ff., Tille 1929ff. I, 72ff., 232ff., 363ff., II 1, 347ff., 367ff., II 2, 209ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 198, 303, II, Nos. 507, 528, 529; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 190ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 68, cf. No. 81, Karadi 1937, No. 4, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 25, 26; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 26; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 308*, 400, B�rlea 1966 I, 314ff., II, 168ff., 393ff., III, 431ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 400, 400*, cf. No. *400**, Koceva 2002, Nos. 400, 400*; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 36, 37, 67; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 4001, 4002, 401; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 4001, 4002; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 83, 84, 198 (5�7), 205, cf. No. 260; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Yates 1948, No. 26, cf. No. 11, Briggs 1970f. A I, 298ff., MNK X 1, Nos. 400, 401, 401A, cf. No. 400A*, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 64, 100; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 400, 400*, 401, Sabitov 1989, Nos. 4001, 4002, 401; Chuvash, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Wentzel 1978, Nos. 7, 10; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 174, 230; Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 400, cf. No. 400**; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 400, cf. Nos. 400**, 400A*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 4001, 4002; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 194, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 400, 401; Yemenite: Daum 1983, Nos. 11, 13, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *832A; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 35; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 400, cf. Nos. 400A�400D; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 205; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 7; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 151; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, Nos. 7, 36; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Lemieux 1974ff. IV, Nos. 9, 10, V, No. 9, VII, No. 1, VIII, No. 5, XI, No. 21, XII, No. 1, XIII, Nos. 1, 2, XIV, No. 3, XIX, No. 5; North American Indian: Thompson 1929, No. 54; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 400, 401; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 61�66, 79�85, 123�129, 14 (1938) 241�249, 32 (1964) 44�49, Rael 1957 I, Nos. 189, 190, Robe 1973, Nos. 400, 401, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 353; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, Nos. 400, 401A; Egyptian, Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 194, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 400, 400*; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 30, Nowak 1969, No. 194, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, Nos. 400, 401; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1040; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 4.400, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Types 400*, 401, and 401A.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A man in distress (impoverished fisherman, merchant) unwittingly promises his (unborn) son to the devil [S240]. When the boy is delivered to him later, the devil cannot use him because he is protected by magic [K218.2] (cf. Type 810). Thus the boy is cast out in the sea (river, desert). He arrives in a foreign country and finds a lonely castle where he meets a bewitched princess (maiden, fairy) in the form of a serpent (deer). He rescues her by enduring three nights of torture [D758.1]. They marry [F302, L161]. When he wants to visit his parents, his wife gives him a ring to carry him home [D1470.1.15], and she forbids him to call her to come to him [C31.6] (to boast of her beauty [C31.5]). At home he is induced (by his mother) to break the taboo. His wife appears [D2074.2.3.1], takes the ring, and leaves him destitute. The man sets out in search of his wife [H1385.3]. On his way he meets three hermits (rulers of animal kingdoms, or moon, sun, and wind) whom he asks for directions [B221, H1232, H1235]. With the help of the third he arrives at the empire of his wife, or he pretends that he wants to help three giants who are fighting over magic objects (inheritance, booty). He steals the magic objects (magic sword [D1400.1.4], magic coat or hood [D1361.14], seven-league boots [D1521.1]) [D831, D832] (cf. Type 518). With their help he is able to overcome the obstacles on the way to his wife [D2121]. When he finds his wife, she is about to marry another man [N681]. He discloses his identity as her real husband. (2) Meeting the princess and disenchantment as in version (1); but the disenchantment is not complete. The princess wants to travel back to her own distant land. She asks her rescuer to wait for her at a certain time and place. She appears three times, but each time a servant (witch) has put her husband into a deep sleep from which he cannot be awakened [D1364.15, D1364.4.1, D1972]. The princess informs him (in a letter) how and where to find her ( on the glass mountain). The man sets out to find her. Continued as in version (1). (3) A youth watches a flock of birds (swans, ducks, geese, doves) land on the shore. The birds take off their feather coats and become beautiful maidens [D361.1]. While they are bathing, the youth steals the feather coat of the most beautiful girl, who cannot leave with the others and thus must marry the youth [D721.2, B652.1]. Later, because of carelessness (of the man's mother), the maiden takes back her coat [D361.1.1] and flies away (together with her children). She tells the youth her destination in the otherworld (e.g. glass mountain). The man sets out in search of his wife (as in version 1). Some variants include elements from Type 313 (Magic Flight).",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 302, 313, 402, 518, 554, 810, and 936*, and also 300, 301, 303, 304, 314, 325, 326, 329, 402, 425, 465, 505, 516, 530, 531, 550, 552, 566, 569, 590, 707, and 1159."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,401A*,The Soldiers in the Enchanted Castle,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 41; German: Schambach/M�ller 1855, No. 13, Kuhn 1859 II, No. 26, Plenzat 1930, 112ff.; Austrian: Vernaleken 1859, No. 26; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 10; Italian: De Nino 1883f. III, No. 32.","Miscellaneous type. Twelve (seven, three) soldiers (deserters) come (often with the help of an animal or person) to a lonely castle (small house), where they receive food and lodging. A white woman (maiden who appears in a dream) asks them to stay in the castle for seven years (one year and two days) (to keep guard for three nights) and to fulfill certain conditions (not to think of a maiden, not to touch or look at the maidens who sleep in their beds, not to open a certain door). They disobey the prohibition and flee, or all (but one) leave the castle before the end of the vigil. Thus their efforts to disenchant the princesses who live in the castle are unsuccessful [D759.9]. The soldiers often return later, and the one is rewarded (often after having performed different tasks), but the others are killed. In some variants the soldiers succeed in disenchanting the princesses and each of them marries one of them (seven seven-year-old boys finally break the spell) [D759.10].",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,402,"The Animal Bride (previously The Mouse [Cat, Frog, etc","BP II, 30�38, 466�468; HDM 2 (1934�40) 72�74 (C. W. von Sydow); Christiansen 1959, 243f.; Rausmaa 1973c, 127�131; Schwarzbaum 1979, 170; K�hler-Z�lch 1991; Scherf 1995 I, 30f., 146�150, 189�193, 466�470, 509f., II, 1348�1351, 1378�1380; Dekker et al. 1997, 92�96; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 433�437 (S. F�hrmann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 35, 36; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 74, 76(9); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 765, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 5, IV, Nos. 29, 41, Holbek 1990, No. 10; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 486f., 515f., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 9; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 9, 62, 207, II, No. 251, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 8; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 63, 106, Berger 2001; Austrian: Geramb/Haiding 1980, No. 19, Haiding 1977a, No. 22; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 14, 71; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 248ff., Tille 1929ff. II 1, 181ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 111, 229, II, Nos. 416, 447; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 186ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 11, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 40; Croatian: cf. Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 27; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Amzulescu 1974, No. 32; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 6; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 38; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 86 (1�4), 87, 88; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 369, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 65, 98; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 176, 177, 213, 225; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 42; Palestinian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 402, 402A, Blackburn 2001, No. 39; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 30, 72, 146; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 400C; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 206; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 10; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 6, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.), Lemieux 1974ff. IX, No. 21, X, No. 18, XIV, No. 8; Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 402, cf. No. 402**A; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 14; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 249, 252, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 252, El-Shamy 2004.","] as Bride). A father is not able to decide which of his (three) sons should inherit his property (kingdom) and sends them all on a quest for one year [H1210.1]. They are told to bring back a special object (yarn, linen [H1306], fine chain [H1303], ring, horse, smallest dog [H1307], money) or they must learn a profession. Whoever performs the task best will be the heir. The youngest son, often a fool, goes into a forest and becomes the servant of an animal (cat [B422], rat, frog [B493.1], mouse [B437.2]). As a payment he is given the object that his father had asked for. It proves to be the most beautiful one, and thus he should be the heir [H1242]. Because his brothers (parents) are envious, two further tasks are set, and finally the brothers are required to bring a bride (most beautiful woman [H1301.1]). The youngest returns to the animal which again promises to help. The animal is disenchanted by burning, mutilation, decapitation [D711], or by crossing a river [B313, D700], and becomes a beautiful princess with a castle. They return happily to his parents as bride and bridegroom. Sometimes they deceive the parents: The youngest son arrives dressed in rags and is ridiculed; then the bride arrives and they reveal their identities. When the son arrives in the first place dressed as a prince, a mole helps to identify him. Often the youngest son renounces his inheritance and goes with his wife back to her castle. In some variants from eastern and southeastern Europe and the Near East, the youngest son takes the animal (often a frog or toad) to his home and hides it from the family. The father assigns tasks to his daughters-in-law which the frog performs best. The last (third) task requires the brides to attend a feast, where the frog turns into the most beautiful woman. The bridegroom burns the frog's skin so that the bride cannot change back. As a consequence she leaves him, and he sets out on a quest and finally is able to retrieve her. Cf. Type 400.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 400, 465, and also 302, 310, 313, 409A, 425, 425A, 550, and 1880."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,402*,"The Princess who Scorned an Unloved Suitor is turned into a frog (mouse, etc",,"Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 13; Greek: Laogr�phia 16 (1955/56) 168�170, 19 (1961) 569�575; Russian: SUS.",")[T75.1, D661]. She is disenchanted (by another man) and her animal skin is burned in order to prevent her from changing back. Cf. Type 400.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,402A*,The Princess Transformed into a Toad,,"Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 371; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 371, 409f.; French: S�billot 1880ff. I, No. 2, Carnoy 1885, No. 17, Soupault 1963, 114ff.; German: Lemke 1884ff. II, 264ff., Berger 2001, No. 402A**; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *402A**, cf. Koceva 2002, No. *402A**; Polish: Woycicki 1920, 58ff., Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 402A**; Jewish: Haboucha 1992.","A princess who has been transformed into a toad (old witch, etc.)is disenchanted by a young man's kiss (pity) and marries him. Cf. Type 440.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,403,The Black and the White Bride,"Arfert 1897; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 125�128; BP I, 99�109, III, 85�94, 240f., cf. 230�232; HDM 1 (1930�33) 307�311 (W. Golther); Roberts 1966; L�thi 1969a, 117�130; EM 2 (1979) 730�738 (M. Rumpf); Schwarzbaum 1980, 282f.; Vedernikova 1980; Scherf 1995 I, 6�8, 67�70, 85�89, 144�146, 193�195, 213�216, 689�692, 944�946, II, 1321�1325, 1371�1373, 1383�1387, 1449�1450; R�th 1998, No. 403; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 483; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 79(5), 80a, 80b, 82(1); Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 403A, 403B; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 403A, 403B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 403A, 403B; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 403, 403A; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 403A, 403B; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 403, 403B; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 81, Kristensen 1881ff. I, Nos. 15, 16, IV, Nos. 52, 79, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 12; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 403A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 403A, 403B; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 403; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 139, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 403, 403A, cf. No. 707*C; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 911; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 13, II, No. 135, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 61; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 18, Haiding 1977a, No. 33; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 403A, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 30, Aprile 2000 II, No. 403; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 403A, 403B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 225ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 4653*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 43, 151, 283, II, No. 499; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 13ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 59, 63, 106; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 403A; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 403, 403A, Koceva 2002, Nos. 403, 403A; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, Nos. 403A, 403B; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 39, 52a; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, No. 403, cf. No. 403A*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 60 IV 5, 90 (3�6), 167 IV 7, 240; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 24, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a, Haboucha 1992, No. 403, cf. No. **403D; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 403, 403A, 403B; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 66, 67; Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 403, 403A; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 162, 218; Kalmyk: cf. Lrincz 1979, No. 403A*; Buryat: Lrincz 1979; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 403, cf. No. 403A*; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 403A*; Syrian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 403A; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 91, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 43, 51; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 16, 17, 165, 170; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, Nos. 10, 11, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 451; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 403A, 403B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, Nos. 8, 11, Barbeau/Lanctot 1931, No. 146, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Lemieux 1974ff. VIII, No. 5, IX, No. 22; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 385ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 14 (1938) 106f., 27 (1957) 89�91, Robe 1973; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 403A; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 78; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 91, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 972, 1042; Botswanian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 972; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 973, 974, Klipple 1992; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 6.403.","(Including the previous Types 403A and 403B.) A stepmother hates her stepchildren [S31]. The stepdaughter is kind to someone she meets (e.g. Christ and St. Peter) (she is sent after strawberries in winter [H1023.3], and meets dwarfs who help her). In return she is given great beauty [D1860] (the power of dropping gold or jewels from her mouth [D1454.2, D1454.1.2]). The stepmother's own daughter is unkind under these conditions and is made ugly [D1870] (made to drop toads from her mouth [M431.2]) [Q2]. The stepdaughter's brother is in service at the court of a king. He takes his sister's picture with him. The king sees the girl's picture, falls in love with her, and sends the brother for her [T11.2]. (The beautiful stepdaughter is seen accidentally by a king or prince, who marries her [N711, L162].) On their journey to the king's court, the stepmother or stepsister casts the true bride out of the carriage (overboard) [S432]. The king marries the ugly stepsister [K1911], and the brother is thrown into prison or a pit of snakes [Q465.1]. (The king's wife gives birth to a child. The stepmother throws her and her child into the water and substitutes her own daughter for the bride [K1911.1.2].) The true bride is transformed to a duck (goose) [D161.2], and comes to the king's court three times (to care for her child [D688]). The last night the king wakes and disenchants her by decapitation [D711] (cutting her golden belt, holding her during successive transformations [D712.4]). The brother, unharmed in the den of snakes [B848], is rescued. The true bride is married or reinstated, and the false bride and her mother are punished [Q261]. Cf. Types 450, 480, 510B, 511.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 480, 510A, and also 311, 313, 408, 409, 425, 450, 451, 510B, 511, 533, 707, and 709."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,403C,The Substituted Bride (previously The Witch Secretly Substitutes her own Daughter),,"Finnish: Klein 1966, 162ff., Rausmaa 1972, No. 409; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 403C*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 403A; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Icelandic: Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 403C1; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A witch secretly substitutes her own daughter for the bride. On the way to his home, the bridegroom discovers the substitution and throws the witch's daughter out of the carriage. The girl falls down to the earth (under a bridge), and from her navel grows a reed in which the witch recognizes her own daughter.",NA,409.
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,404,The Blinded Bride,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 347, 463; BP II, 278�285, III, 89�91; Liungman 1925b; HDM 1 (1930�33) 271f.; Anderson 1963, 93; EM 2 (1979) 447, 734; Scherf 1995 I, 674�677, II, 1321�1325; Goldberg 1996b; R�th 1998, No. 403*.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 533; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 403; Spanish: Meier/Karlinger 1961, No. 45, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 533*; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 533*; Portuguese: Jim�nez Romero et al. 1990, Nos. 30, 31; Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 404, 533*; Italian: Keller/R�diger 1959, No. 39; Toschi/Fabi 1960, No. 17; Hungarian: MNK II; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 26; Croatian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 21; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 55; Greek: Klaar 1963, 155ff., Klaar 1970, No. 6; Polish: Kapeu/Krzyanowski 1957, No. 23; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 240; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 12, Csenki/Vekerdi 1980, No. 7; Indian: Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 69; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 533*B; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, 403**D; Chilean: FLJ 1 (1883) 221ff., Hansen 1957, 403**D.","(Previously Type 533* and part of Type 533.) A girl is blessed at birth by fairies (is kind to a snake) who cause her to produce gold (jewels, flowers) from her hands (mouth [D1454.2], footsteps [D1454.7], tears [D1454.4]). A king sees the girl and wants to marry her. Her wicked stepmother (aunt) and stepsister accompany her on the journey to the king's court. On the way, the girl's stepmother feeds her with salty food. When the girl asks for water, the stepmother puts out both of her eyes [S165] or mutilates her. They take her clothes and throw her into the sea. The stepsister, posing as the bride, marries the king. A kind fisherman (poor man) finds the blinded girl, takes her home, and becomes rich from the gold from her hands. He uses the gold (jewels, flowers) to buy back the girl's eyes [E781.2] (the snake commands this). The girl recovers her sight, dresses in beautiful clothes, and goes to the king's court. The king recognizes her when she washes her hands. He marries her, and the wicked women are burned. (The snake is the girl's guardian angel and returns to heaven.)",NA,412.
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,405,Jorinde and Joringel,"BP II, 69; Fink 1966, 411�425; Gr�tz 1988, 179�181; EM 7 (1993) 632�635 (H.-J. Uther); Scherf 1995 I, 634f.; R�th 1998; Uther 2004.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Trancoso/Ferreira 1974, 227ff., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 405A*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 302A*, Lox 1999a, No. 17; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Uther 1990a, No. 29, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 69; Serbian: Karadi 1937, Nos. 57, 67; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 405, 416; Russian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Aichele 1926, No. 27; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian, Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; French Canadian: Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 8, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","The lovers Jorinde and Joringel accidentally go to the magic forest of a sorceress (witch). She transforms Jorinde, as she has many other girls before, into a bird [D683.2, D150] and keeps her in a cage. Joringel dreams about a magic flower, goes on a search, and finds it. He touches Jorinde and all the other birds with the flower and thus changes them back into their former shapes [D771]. Cf. Type 442.","Tale from Heinrich (Jung-)Stillings Jugend. Eine wahrhafte Geschichte (1777, 104�108); only a few oral examples.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,406,The Cannibal,,"Danish: Grundtvig 1976ff. 1, No. 13; Rumanian: Karlinger/B�rlea 1969, No. 23; Greek: Hahn 1918 II, No. 65; Ukrainian: SUS; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 16, 17; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 68, 69; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 406*, 406**; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 315A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","A couple have a child who is a cannibal [G33] who eats everyone up. A man succeeds in breaking the enchantment [D716], and the cannibal is transformed into a maiden [D11.1]. They are married [T101]. Cf. Types 307, 315A.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,407,The Girl as Flower,"BP I, 498�503, II, 121�128, III, 259; EM 2 (1979) 495�506 (G. Meinel/J. R. Kl�ma); Scherf 1995 I, 156�159, 784�786, II, 1014�1017, 1178�1181, 1247� 1252; R�th 1998, Nos. 407A, 407B; EM 9 (1999) 1064�1066 (A. Soons); Todorovi-Redaelli 2003, 72�80.","Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 407, 407B, 702B*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 407, 407B, 702B*; Catalan: H�llen 1965, 100ff.; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: cf. M�rchen der europ�ischen V�lker 1968, 11ff.; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 56, II, No. 76, III, No. 160; Italian: Lombardi Satriani 1953f. I, No. 39, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 407B, 652A; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 407B; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 336ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 348ff., 378, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 206, II, No. 510; Slovene: Milinski 1917, 122ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 16; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 48; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 591ff., III, 415f., Karlinger 1982, Nos. 7, 8; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 21, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 652, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, No. 407A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 215 III; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 407A; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, Nos. 10, 32, II, Nos. 80, 84, MNK X 1, Nos. 407, 407B; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 185, 195; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 407A, 652A; Iraqi, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004, No. 652A; Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 407A; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, Nos. *407, *652A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 47, 137; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Vietnamese: cf. Karpov 1958, 134ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 407A, 652A; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. *652A.","(Including the previous Types 407A, 407B, 652A, and 702B*.) This tale exists chiefly in three different forms: (1) A girl (woman, fairy) has been transformed into a flower (twig, bush, tree, fruit) (transforms herself) [D212]. A man (her predestined lover) breaks a stalk and the flower changes back into a girl [D711.4] (he takes the girl in the form of a flower on a journey with him and transforms it afterwards). He marries her [T101] (sometimes her vegetable clothing has to be burned). Cf. Type 652. (2) After a hasty wish, a woman gives birth to a twig (bush, fruit) [T513, T555], plants it in a pot, and cares for it as for a child. A prince is irresistibly drawn to the plant and becomes love-sick [T24.1]. He obtains the plant. During the night a girl comes out of it, eats, and makes love with him. When the prince has to go to war, the girl stays in the plant. The prince attaches a bell to the plant which he will ring when he wants to call the girl. An envious woman (fianc'e) signals the girl to come. She appears and is killed, and her plant is destroyed. A compassionate woman resuscitates the girl [E0], and the rival is punished. (Previously Types 407A and 652A. Because of its structural similarity, also the previous Type 702B* is integrated here.) (3) A beautiful girl wants to have a lover, even if he is the devil (a dead man) [C15]. The devil comes in the form of an attractive man (with animal feet). She follows him and sees him eating corpses in a church [G20.1]. Several times she is asked whether she had seen anything. She denies this repeatedly, even when the devil kills her sister, mother, and father. At last she herself dies. Because she had made special arrangements for her funeral, the devil cannot find her. Cf. Types 363, 1476B. From her grave grows a beautiful flower (lily, rose, tulip) [E631.1] which only her predestined husband (nobleman, prince) is able to pick. Because she has to eat, at night she becomes a beautiful woman. Her husband takes her as his wife (often on the condition that he may not talk about her or present her in public, so that the devil will not be able to find her). The couple succeeds in tricking or killing the devil (the devil takes the woman to hell). (Previously Type 407B.)","The motif of the �Girl as Flower� is documented in Oriental tales beginning in the 2nd century. Also popular as a ballad. Version (2) has its origins in Basile, Pentamerone (I,2).","311, 313, 465, 510B, 652, and 707."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,408,The Three Oranges,"BP II, 125f., IV, 257ff.; Delarue 1947; Scherf 1995 I, 233�237, II, 782�784; Goldberg 1997a; D�m�t�r 1998; R�th 1998; Shojaei Kawan 2000; EM 10 (2002) 346�355 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Shojaei Kawan 2002b; Shojaei Kawan 2003a, 230�236.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 78; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 222, 287, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 26; Italian: Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 11, Aprile 2000 II; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 12; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 222ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, cf. No. 261, II, No. 568; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 51ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 33, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 42, 43; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, Nos. 29, 30; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, Nos. 31, 32; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 11; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 89, 167 IV 7; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 183, 219; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 188, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 95; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, 10, Ting 1978; Japanese: cf. Ikeda, Nos. 408A, 408B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: cf. Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo 1954, 110ff., Cascudo 1955a, 163ff., 168ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 25; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 188, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 110, 236; Kenyan: Mbiti 1966, No. 61; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: cf. Haring 1982, No. 7.408.","A prince insolently breaks an old woman's jar (makes her angry in another way). She utters a curse: he is to fall in love with three oranges (lemons, other fruits, girls of magic origin) [S375]. The prince sets out on a (sometimes very long) quest during which he is given directions, advice, and help to overcome obstacles. The prince finds the fruits in a garden (castle). When he opens them, out of each comes a beautiful, often naked, young woman who asks for water (comb, mirror, towel, clothes, etc.)[D721.5]. The prince can give only the third woman what she asks for, and the other girls die (disappear, return into the fruits). The prince hides the woman on a tree besides a fountain while he goes to get clothes (carriage, company) for her. An ugly black woman (Gypsy woman, witch) comes to get water. She thinks that the reflection of the Orange Girl is her own [J1791.6.1], and breaks her water jar because she thinks she is too beautiful to carry water. The Orange Girl laughs, and the black woman discovers her. The black woman succeeds in taking the Orange Girl's place (two different versions). The prince returns, and though he is astonished at the sudden change (excuses: sunburn, influences of wind and weather), he marries the false bride. (1) The black woman pushes the Orange Girl into the water [K1911.2.2], where she changes into a fish [D170] (bird [D150]). The false bride demands that it be killed, but from its remains grows a tree. She demands it be felled, but an old woman (man) takes away a splinter (log) [D610]. Out of this once again comes the Orange Girl, who secretly does the old woman's housework. The old woman finds the girl and adopts her. The prince recognizes her when he hears her life history (when the girl tends one of his horses) [K1911.3]. (2) The black woman combs (louses) the Orange Girl and sticks a magic needle into her head. The girl changes into a dove [D150] and flies to the castle. The gardener (cook) hears the bird's song asking about the prince and his black wife. The dove is captured and the prince is much pleased with it. He finds the magic needle and removes it, and thus the dove changes back into the Orange Girl [K1911.3]. Cf. Type 452B*. After the couple's reunion, the false bride is punished (sentenced to a cruel death; she often pronounces her own judgment).","Documented in the 17th century by Basile, Pentamerone (V,9).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 310, 313, 314, 400, 403, 425, 451, 510A, 516, and 709."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,409,The Girl as Wolf,Vedernikova 1980; EM: Wolfsm�dchen (in prep.).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 39; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 408*; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 408*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Swiss: cf. Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 31; Hungarian: cf. D�m�t�r 1992, No. 108; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. II, 238f.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 42ff., B�l�zs 1956, 172ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","An evil stepmother substitutes her own daughter for her married step daughter and transforms the stepdaughter into a wolf (lynx, fox) [D113.1], which hides in the forest. Every day the wolf comes, throws off her animal skin, and suckles her child (the child is brought to the forest). The child's father observes this, recognizes his beloved wife and (on the advice of a magician) burns her animal skin. Thus she is restored to human form [D721.3]. The stepmother and her daughter are executed [Q261]. Cf. Type 403.",NA,"403, 510B."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,409A,The Girl as Goat,R�th 1998.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 413A*; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 413A*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini, No. 413A*, Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 409A, 413A*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 166, II, No. 472; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 44, Eschker 1992, No. 37; Croatian: Leskien 1915, No. 31, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 27, 28, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 1; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 35, Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 22; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 409A, 413*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 85; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992, Nos. 409A, 413B*; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 409A, 413A*; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 409A**; Lebanese: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 247; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 19; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *409A; Indian: Jason 1989; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 56; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **416; Tunisian: Brandt 1954, 62f.; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 243; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 148, 150, 468, 577; Sudanese: Kronenberg/Kronenberg 1978, Nos. 30, 31.","(Including the previous Types 413A* and 413B*.) A childless woman wants a child even if it is only an animal. She bears a girl with an animal form (goat, jackdaw, pig, fish, etc.)[T554]. (An old woman finds a magic pumpkin which, at night, turns into a beautiful woman who cleans her house.) A youth (prince) observes the girl when she (while washing clothes, etc.)has removed her animal skin. He proposes to her and marries her [T111]. His mother disapproves of the marriage and torments the girl (who often plays a trick on her). Three times the girl appears at a festival in her human form, is admired, and dances. Twice she escapes and assumes her goat form. The third time the youth destroys the goat covering and disenchants the girl. Cf. Type 510A. In some variants, another young man decides to get married in the same way. But he is disappointed: his wife, a little pig, never changes into a girl.",NA,"402, 403, and 408."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,409A*,The Girl as Snake (previously Snake Princess is Disenchanted),,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 409A*, cf. No. *409B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Hungarian: MNK II; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 418ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 409A*, cf. No. *409**, Koceva 2002; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 421; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 409A***.","A snake which is pulled out of a fire turns into a woman and marries her rescuer. The husband promises never to call his wife 'snake'. When he breaks this promise, the woman changes back into a snake and disappears (is once again delivered by her son-in-law).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,409B*,The Promised Supernatural Wife (previously Child Weeping in his Mother's Womb is Promised Supernatural Wife),EM 7 (1993) 1243�1247 (D. D. Rusch-Feja).,"Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1984, 99ff., Kosov�-Kole�nyi 1988, 100ff.; Rumanian: Zs. f. Balkanologie 17 (1981) 157, 160; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 9.","An unborn boy who came into a woman's womb by magic conception begins to weep [T575.1]. When someone promises him a supernatural being (fairy) as his wife, he stops crying and is willing to be born. The boy grows up very fast and sets out on a quest for the girl. With the help of supernatural beings he finds her. They marry [T111].",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,410,"Sleeping Beauty (Dornr'schen, La bella addormentata","BP I, 434�442, III, 488; HDM 1 (1930�33) 408�411 (W. Golther); Romain 1933; Vries 1958; L�thi 1962, 5�18; Travers 1977; Zago 1983; Franci/Zago 1984; R�lleke 1984; Camarena 1985; Barchilon 1990; Scherf 1995 I, 172�177, II, 1017�1019, 1139�1142, 1227�1231; Dekker et al. 1997, 103�105; R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 476; EM: Schlafende Sch�nheit (forthcoming).","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 90ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 313, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 50, III, No. 163, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 52; Austrian: Pramberger 1946, 40ff., Haiding 1953, No. 31; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovene: Flere 1931, 8ff.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 18; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 33; Bulgarian: Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 39; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 71, 163; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.); US-American: WF 40 (1981) 236f.; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 144ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 16; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.",") (Announced by a frog [B211.7.1], B493.1) a daughter is born to a royal couple. A fairy (wise woman) who has not been invited to the celebration (baptism) utters a curse that the princess (on her 15th birthday) will die of a wound from a spindle (needle, fiber of flax) [F361.1.1, F316, G269.4, M341.2.13]. Another fairy changes the death sentence into a long (hundred-year) sleep [F316.1]. The king orders that every spindle (needle) in his empire be destroyed; but, because one of them has been overlooked, the prophecy is fulfilled [M370]: The girl meets an old woman who is spinning in a hidden chamber, pricks her finger with the spindle, and sinks, together with the whole court, into a magic sleep [D1364.17, D1960.3, F771.4.4, F771.4.7]. Around the castle grows a hedge of thorns [D1967.1] (the girl is enclosed in a tower). At the end of the appointed time, a youth (prince) breaks through the hedge [N711.2] and awakens the princess with a kiss [D735, D1978.5] (he impregnates her; she gives birth to two children, one of whom sucks the fiber out of her finger and thus disenchants her). In some variants the prince takes his wife and children to his family. During his absence the evil mother-in-law asks the cook to slaughter and roast the woman and the children. The cook disobeys, and the mother-in-law demands that the three be thrown into a tub full of poisonous toads and snakes. Unexpectedly the prince returns home, and the mother-in-law herself jumps into the tub.","Characteristic motifs are found in two 14th century romances, the French Perceforest and the Catalan Frayre de Joy e Sor de Plaser. See also Basile, Pentamerone (V,5), and Charles Perrault, La Belle au bois dormant.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,410*,The Petrified Kingdom,"BP III, 67�71.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 40; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; German: Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 II, No. 44; Austrian: cf. Geramb/Haiding 1980, Nos. 10, 17; Croatian: Stojanovi 1897, 107ff., cf. Smiiklas 1910ff. 16, No. 41; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 48; Russian: SUS, No. 410*, cf. No. 410**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Chilean: Foresti Serrano 1982, 91ff.","A soldier comes to a kingdom where everything has been turned to stone. He spends three successive nights in a castle which is inhabited by evil spirits (devils), without succumbing to fear. All the kingdom revives, and the soldier marries the princess. Cf. Types 304, 307.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,411,The King and the Lamia,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 457.","Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. I, No. 68; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 236ff.; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A king sees a lovely girl who is actually a snake-woman [B29.1], falls in love, and marries her. Little by little the king's health deteriorates. A fakir tells him to feed his wife salty food and to stay up at night and watch her. The wife assumes her snake form and goes for water. An oven is heated red-hot and the snake is pushed in. A pebble is found in the ashes: Anything that it touches turns into gold [D1469.10.1].",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,412,The Maiden (Youth) with a Separable Soul in a Necklace,"Cosquin 1922a, 27�29.","Greek: Klaar 1970, 49ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 240 (8�9); Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, Nos. 118, 119; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, No. 9; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 3; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Cf. Types 302, 403, 425. A maiden's life depends upon her necklace [E711.4] which she must keep safe. She marries a prince. When a jealous girl (stepmother, stranger) steals the necklace, the bride seemingly dies and the jealous girl takes her place. The body of the seemingly dead woman is placed in a church (temple). She comes to life whenever her rival takes off the necklace. The prince finds the body of his wife and recovers the necklace (a son is born who recovers the necklace). The impostor is punished. In some variants, a prince whose soul is in a necklace [E711.4] seemingly dies when the necklace is stolen (by his stepmother). A woman marries the prince and recovers the necklace.",NA,"302, 400, and 404."
Tales Of Magic,Or Other Relative 400-459,Wife 400-424,413,The Stolen Clothing (previously Marriage by Stealing Clothing),,"Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Hungarian: MNK II; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 I, 460ff.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 415, 431A; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 17ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 149ff.; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Egyptian: Lebedev 1990, No. 27.","A youth comes upon a holy man (old woman) in the forest [N825]. He is told not to go in a certain direction, but when he does so [Z211], he sees three beautiful maidens bathing. The holy man agrees to help him, turns him into a bird, tells him to steal the clothes of one of the bathing girls [K1335], and warns him not to look back under any circumstances [C311]. The first time he does look back and is burned to a pile of ashes. The holy man restores him [E121.5], and the youth succeeds on his second attempt. Cf. Types 400, 408.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,300,The Dragon-Slayer,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 57; BP I, 528�556, II, 22; Basset 1924ff. II, 333 No. 80; Ranke 1934b, 113�130; Christiansen 1959, 240, 242; Levy 1968; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Schwarzbaum 1980, 282; EM 3 (1981) 787�820 (L. R�hrich); Scherf 1995 I, 57�62, 177�182, 201�204, 261�265, 413�417, 751�755, 765�768, II, 1142�1145; Dekker et al. 1997, 105�110; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Hansen 2002, 119�130; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 379.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 1, 91; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 48a, 53(3), 103(12); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 83, Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 8, Holbek 1990, No. 4; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, Nos. 2, 10, Briggs 1970f. A I, 144ff., 569ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 329ff., 331ff., 474ff., B II, 442, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 16; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 53, 57, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 1a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 60, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 49, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 59, 70; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 1, 11, 24, 29, X, 635 No. 18; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 18, Massignon 1963, Nos. 10, 26, 47, 85; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 110f., 321ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 18, 81, 97, 103, 214, 216, 220, 234, 256, 261, 267, 292, 299, 311, 330, 333, II, Nos. 378, 381, 407, 408, 410, 412, 437, 486, 525, 570; Slovene: Drekonja 1932, 44f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 236, Eschker 1992, No. 27; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 159ff., III, 381f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 22; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 3001, 3002; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 72 V, 72 (10�12), 213 III 2 (var. r), 215 III 2 (var. 6), 215 IV 1 (var. r), 220, 284 (7�8); Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 15, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 280ff., 333, 382ff., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 38; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 214, 268, 271; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Qatar,Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, cf. Nos. 1, 10; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 55, 96; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 15, 32, 170; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, No. 7; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, Nos. 117, 143, 385; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 141; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 2; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, No. 115, Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 16, V, No. 11, VI, Nos. 11, 20, 27, VIII, No. 11, XI, No. 10, XII, No. 3, XIV, No. 35, XV, No. 31, XVI, No. 4; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 323ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 31 (1962) 135ff., Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 20; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Colombian: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 86; North African, Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4073 (1, 2), Klipple 1992, 116ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Congolese, West African, Malagasy: Klipple 1992, 116ff.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1010, cf. Klipple 1992, 116ff.","A youth acquires (e.g. by exchange) three wonderful dogs [B421, B312.2]. He comes to a town where people are mourning and learns that once a year a (seven-headed) dragon [B11.2.3.1] demands a virgin as a sacrifice [B11.10, S262]. In the current year, the king's daughter has been chosen to be sacrificed, and the king offers her as a prize to her rescuer [T68.1]. The youth goes to the appointed place. While waiting to fight with the dragon, he falls into a magic sleep [D1975], during which the princess twists a ring (ribbons) into his hair; only one of her falling tears can awaken him [D1978.2]. Together with his dogs, the youth overcomes the dragon [B11.11, B524.1.1, R111.1.3]. He strikes off the dragon's heads and cuts out the tongues (keeps the teeth) [H105.1]. The youth promises the princess to come back in one year (three years) and goes off. An impostor (e.g. the coachman) takes the dragon's heads, forces the princess to name him as her rescuer [K1933], and claims her as his reward [K1932]. The princess asks her father to delay the wedding. Just as the princess is about to marry the impostor, the dragon-slayer returns. He sends his dogs to get some food from the king's table and is summoned to the wedding party [H151.2]. There the dragon-slayer proves he was the rescuer by showing the dragon's tongues (teeth) [H83, H105.1]. The impostor is condemned to death, and the dragon-slayer marries the princess. Cf. Types 301, 303, 314, 315, 502, 530, 554.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 301, 302, 303, 304, 314, 314A, 315, 326, 554, 567, 590, and also 327, 327A, 400, 425C, 465, 502, 505, 511A, 516, 516B, 530, 531, 550, 650A, 935, 1115, 1640, and 1910."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,300A,The Fight on the Bridge,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 467f.; Ranke 1934b, 113�130; Barag 1981; EM 3 (1981) 825�834 (L. G. Barag); Scherf 1995 I, 177�182, 614f., 726�729, II, 1162�1167, 1463�1465; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 2, 76; Estonian: Kallas 1900, No. 5; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 300B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 300A, cf. No. 300A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Belinovi/Plesovskij 1958, 25ff.; German: Lemke 1884ff. II, 147ff., Plenzat 1922, 58ff.; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 283ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 105, 230, 256, 290, II, Nos. 379, 544; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 300A*, B�rlea 1966 I, 209ff., III, 384ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 303; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 300A*, 300A**; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 300A*; Gypsy: cf. �mi 1996, No. 2, Mode 1983ff. III, No. 189, MNK X 1, Nos. 300A, 300A*; Abkhaz: cf. �akryl 1975, Nos. 26, 46; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 11; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Vogul/Mansi: Kannisto/Liimola 1951ff. III, No. 18; Uighur: Alieva 1986; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 5; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","(Including the previous Type 300A*.) After having eaten a (three) fish, the daughter of a tsar, her maid, and a she-dog (cow, mare, cat) give birth to sons at the same time [T511.5.1]. (Cf. Type 303.) The three sons together go out for adventure [F601]. While his brothers are sleeping, the animal son [B631] (often a fool) fights against a three-headed dragon [B11.2.3.2] on a bridge. In the following two nights he defeats six- [B11.2.3.3], twelve- [B11.2.3.5] or multi-headed [B11.2.3, B11.11] dragons (is able to defeat the third one only with the help of his horse [B401]). (In the form of a fly [D185.3], cat [D142] or the like), the animal son overhears the conversations of the dragon-wives (dragon-daughters) [N451], defeats their enchantments, and thus saves his brothers. The dragon's mother pursues the three brothers and devours two of them [B11.10.3]. The animal son hides in a magic forge. He outwits the dragon's mother, who spits out the brothers she had devoured. Together with the smiths, the animal son kills the dragon's mother, and the smiths forge her to a horse. Cf. Type 705A. In some cases, a magical old man (father of the slain dragons) defeats the animal son in a contest (horse race) and takes away his horse. The old man sends out a hero in order to win a bride (often a transition to Type 513A). In addition to this regular form, there exist two versions without the introductory part of the magic conception: (1) The dragon-slayer wins back the celestial lights which the dragon had stolen and gives them to men. (Previously Type 300A*.) Cf. Type 328A*. (2) The animal son defeats the strongest dragon and wins his horse for the tsar.",Esp. popular among the eastern Slavs.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 303, 513A, 531, and also 301, 302, 321, 408, 519, 550, 554, 571, and 650A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,301,The Three Stolen Princesses,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 64ff. No. 348; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 292�296, 326, 543�546; BP II, 297�318, III, 274; Sydow 1915; Pol�vka 1916; Sz�v�rffy 1956; Boratav 1968; Kiss 1968; Lrincz 1969; Fabre 1969; Ting 1970; Ting 1971; EM 1 (1977) 1232�1235 (D. Ward); Chircop 1979; Alexiads 1982; Alexiads 1983; Holbek 1987, 510�514; Scherf 1995 I, 113�116, 177�182, 237�278, 530�534, II, 844�847, 1192�1195, 1244�1247; Toporov 1995; Dekker et al. 1997, 289�292; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Hansen 2002, 352�357; EM 10 (2002) 1363�1369 (W. Puchner); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 417.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 3, 4, Jauhiainen 1998, No. M66; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 48a(3), 50a, 50b; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 301A, 301B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 301A, 301B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 301A, 301B; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 301B, cf. No. 300B, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 301, 301A; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Nos. 301, 301B, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 301A; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Wotian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 301A, 301B; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 301AB; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1879f. III, No. 3, Kristensen 1881ff. III, Nos. 2, 19, 58, IV, No. 31, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 11; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, No. 301A; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Nos. 301, 301B; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 16, III, No. 57; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 301A, 301B; English: Baughman 1966, No. 301A, Briggs 1970f. A I, 391ff.; French: Delarue 1957, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 301A, 301B, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 301B; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 301A, 301B; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 301A, 301B; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 154, 300, 306, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 1, 110, 111; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 301A, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 4; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Meyer 1932, Nos. 301A, 301B, Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 91, III, No. 166, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 13, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 10, 24, 38, Haiding 1977a, No. 1; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 1; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 301A, 301B, De Simone 1994, Nos. 10, 46, Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 7, 41, 71, 100; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B, cf. No. *301A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 387ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 103, II, Nos. 475, 486; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 374ff., Bolhar 1974, 56ff., 134ff.; Serbian: cf. jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 17, 18, 23, 24, Eschker 1992, Nos. 11, 27; Croatian: Plohl Herdvigov 1868, No. 12, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 14; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 21; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 301A, B�rlea 1966 I, 209ff., 240ff., III, 384ff., 387f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B, Koceva 2002, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, Nos. 301A, 301B; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 23; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 301, 301A; Russian: SUS, No. 301AB, Nikiforov/Propp 1961, 82ff., Pomeranzewa 1964, No. 24; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 301AB; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 72, 146 V (p. 160, b), 72 III (1); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 39�45, 52, 88, 95, 99; Adygea: Alieva 1986, No. 301AB; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 301, 301A, Sabitov 1989, Nos. 301A, 301B; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912; Tatar, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 301, 301A; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 301A; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 92�94, 96, 97, 105, 126, 127, 182, 194, 225; Kalmyk, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 301, 301B; Buryat: Lrincz 1979, No. 301B; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Syrian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 175, 195, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 179; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 136, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 301, 301A; Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Oman, Kuwaiti, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 3, 8, 10, 12; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 301A, 301B, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 46; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 301, 301B; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, Nos. 7, 8, Ting 1978, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B, B�cker 1988, No. 25; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 284; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 301A, 301B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 301, 301B; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 3; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, Nos. 16, 24, 31, IV, Nos. 6, 29, VI, Nos. 34, 47, VII, No. 4, XI, No. 21, XII, No. 2, XIII, No. 14, XIV, No. 31, XV, No. 9, XVII, No. 6, XXI, No. 22; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 409ff.; US-American: Flowers 1953, Baughman 1966, No. 301A; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 26; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 77�79, Robe 1973, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B, Camarena/Chevalier 1995II, Nos. 301, 301B; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Guatemalan, Costa Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 301A; Panamanian: Hansen 1957, No. 301B; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953, Hansen 1957, No. 301A; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, Nos. 301, 301A; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Nos. 301A, 301B, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, Nos. 2�4; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 35; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 116, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 179; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 116, 136, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 301, 301A; Algerian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 175, 195, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 301, 301A, 301B; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 179, 300, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 301, 301A; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 195, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 301, 301A; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1012; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 4.301.","(Including the previous Types 301A and 301B.) This type combines various introductory episodes with a common main part: Introductory episodes: (1) A king banishes his three daughters to the underworld (they are abducted by monsters [H1385.1]). Three brothers (a supernatural hero with his extraordinary companions) go to find the daughters. (2) A monster (dragon, snake, etc.)steals golden apples from the king's garden. Three brothers (princes) lie in wait. Only the youngest is able to wound the monster. The brothers follow his bloody tracks [F102.1, N773]. (3) A child of magic birth (son of a bear or horse [B631], born from tears) grows into a youth gifted with exceptional strength [T615]. He takes to the road for adventure (luck), and allies himself with two companions with extraordinary powers [F601]. When they prepare their food, twice a little man (dwarf, devil, giant) spoils it (eats the food and beats up the cook) [F451.5.2]. Only the hero is able to catch and punish the little man, who then shows the companions the entrance to the underworld. Main part: The companions (brothers) come to a well (pit, cave) [F92] and lower the hero (youngest brother) into it [F96]. The hero overcomes monsters (dragons, devils) and rescues (the three) princesses (with the princesses' help, using a weapon, only by his strength, by magic means) [R111.2.1]. (The princesses give him presents.) His treacherous companions pull the princesses up but leave the hero below [K1931.2] (cut off the rope [K963], overturn the basket). They force the maidens to name them as their rescuers [K1933]. The hero returns to the upper world with the help of a spirit, which gives him the ability to fly (a bird to whom he has to feed his own flesh [B322.1]; he ascends on a climbing plant which he himself planted, etc.). The princesses delay their wedding (for a year). On the wedding day, the hero comes to the castle and is imprisoned. But the truth comes to light (the hero is recognized by the princesses when he shows the presents [H80]), and the impostors are punished (banished, killed) [Q262]. The hero marries the youngest princess [L161] and becomes king. Cf. Type 300. In some variants, the hero has to go to much deeper regions of the underworld before he is able to come back to the upper world, because he mistakenly mounted a black animal (ram, sheep, goat, horse, lion, snake) instead of a white one. Finally the white animal carries him up again.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 302, 313, 400, 550, 650A, and also 300A, 303, 304, 312D, 314, 327B, 400, 402, 506, 513A, 516, 530, 1060, 1088, 1115, and 1910."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,301D*,The Princess's Ring (previously Dragons Ravish Princesses),"Scherf 1995 II, 1244�1247.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Bulgarian: BFP; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: cf. Sabitov 1989, No. 301A*; Armenian: cf. Gullakjan 1990, No. 301A*.","When she goes for a walk, a princess (daughter of a tsar) disappears. Her father promises her to whoever finds and rescues her [T68.1]. A soldier takes a ship and goes out to search for the princess. On a lonely island he meets a dragon (giant, devil), makes him drunk with wine, cuts off his head and takes away his keys [B11.11]. He finds the princess and takes her to the ship. Just when they are about to sail, the princess asks for a ring she forgot, and the soldier goes back to get it. Meanwhile the ship sails away and the treacherous captain forces the princess to name him as her rescuer [K1933]. The soldier takes service with robbers (devils, magician) and finds magic objects in a forbidden room of their house [C611] (castle) (gets them as payment). With the help of these objects he gets back home. On her wedding day with the captain, the princess recognizes the soldier by her ring [H94], tells her father the truth, and marries the soldier [L161]. Cf. Types 301, 505.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,302,The Ogre's (Devil's) Heart in the Egg,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 64ff. No. 348; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 158�161; BP II, 190�199, III, 424�443; Sydow 1915, 123ff., 135ff.; Christiansen 1959, 241, 242; Hor�lek 1967a; Schwarzbaum 1979, 387, 388 not. 5; Tuczay 1982; Nazirov 1989; EM 6 (1990) 929�933 (C. Tuczay); Scherf 1995 I, 146�150, 167�170, 218�220, 480�483, 759�761, II, 1240�1243, 1301�1304, 1325�1328, 1364�1368, 1406�1409, 1421�1423; Dekker et al. 1997, 304�308; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 5, 52; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 51, 74(11); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 1 (1884) 98�106, 12 (1889) 87�96, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 4; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 302, cf. No. 302I*; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 573f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 302, 425P, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 131, 181, 191, Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 223, 244, 289, 313, 372, 379, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 302, 425P; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 302; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 18, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 197, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 17; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 30, 38; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 95, X, No. 6; Italian: Aprile 2000 I, Nos. 302, 425P; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 7, 73; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I, No. 425P; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 302, 425P; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 302A*, cf. No. 302IIa; Czech: Tille 1921, 114ff., 1929ff. II 1, 119ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 83, 95, 214, 230, 256, 266, II, Nos. 377, 379; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 339ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 13; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 167ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 314ff., III, 393ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 302, 302A*, Koceva 2002, Nos. 301D*, 302A*; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, Nos. 302, 302A*; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 24; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 3021, 3022; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 66 (9), 163 (5�7), 213 (6�9), 214 V, 215 IV 3�4, 216 (13), 217 (5�6), 256 V; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 45, 105; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 229; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 135, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 247, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 110, El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 49, 96; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 71, cf. No. 168; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, Nos. 25, 26; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 467; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 142; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. 2; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 2; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 409ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995II; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Panamanian: Robe 1973; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 15; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 72�74; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 82, 177, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 115, El-Shamy 2004; West African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1014.","(Including the previous Types 302A*, 302B*, and 425P.) Because he helped some animals to divide a meal in a fair manner, a youth is rewarded with the ability to transform himself into their shapes (they promise their help because he spared or nourished them) [B393, B500, D1834]; cf. Type 554. He goes to rescue a princess who has been abducted by an ogre (giant, dragon, devil) (to rescue his wife who has been abducted by a supernatural enemy, cf. Type 400) [R11.1]. As an eagle, the youth comes to the ogre's castle, as an ant into the princess's chamber [D152.2, D182.2]. He learns from the princess that the ogre cannot be defeated because his heart (power of life, soul) is hidden outside of his body [E710]. The princess elicits the hiding place from the ogre [K975.2]: His heart lies ' enclosed in various animals ' in an egg (little box) [E711.1, E713]; cf. Type 590. The youth follows the princess's instructions, finds the ogre's soul, and destroys it (the grateful animals do so for him [B571.1]). The ogre dies [K956], and the youth marries the princess [L161]. Cf. Type 665.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 301, 303, 303A, 304, 313, 316, 400, 425, 516, 518, 552, 552A, 554, and 665, and also 302B, 314, 461, 465, 513, and 550."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,302B,Life Dependent on a Sword (previously Hero with Life Dependent on his Sword),"Ranke 1934b, 113�130; EM 2 (1979) 925�940 (K. Hor�lek); EM 3 (1981) 1353�1356 (P. N. Boratav); Hollis 1990; Scherf 1995 I, 132�138, II, 1192�1195, 1244�1247; R�th 1998, No. 516B*.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 516B; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. GS367; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 37; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 302B, 516B, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 302B, 516B; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 77 V, Walker/Uysal 1966, 34ff.; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 13, Baharav/Noy 1965, No. 39, Jason 1965, No. 516B, Jason 1975, No. 516B; Adygea: Alieva 1986, No. 516B; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 3; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, Nos. 302B, 516B; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 213ff., 233ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 161ff., 203ff., 222ff., II, 437ff.; Kalmyk: J�lg 1866, No. 1; Mongolian: J�lg 1868, No. 23; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 38; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 516B; Iraqi: Campbell 1952, 58ff., El-Shamy 2004, No. 516B; Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 516B; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 516B; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 302B, 516B; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 302B, 516B, Jason 1989, No. 516B; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 14, 15, 167; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 516B; Nepalese: Heunemann 1980, 53ff., cf. Unbescheid 1987, No. 21; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 302B, 516B; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 516B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 516B; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 516B; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, Nos. 104, 144, El-Shamy 2004, No. 516B; Somalian: Reinisch 1900, 259ff.; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 516B","(Including the previous Type 516B.) A childless couple magically conceive a son [T510]. An old man (his father, God) gives the son a sword (knife) which he should always carry with him (should not lay it on the ground, not pull out from its sheath). Or: The youngest of three brothers inherits a horse, clothes, and a sabre from his father, and goes out for adventure, accompanied by some companions (blood-brothers) with magic powers [F601]. With the aid of his sword he defeats the king's army and kills a dragon(s). His companions marry the rescued women. The youth himself marries a woman of extraordinary beauty. When the king catches a sight of her picture [T11.2] or of a curl (ring, slipper) which she lost in the sea (river), he falls in love with her and sends out an old woman (witch) to capture her. By a trick the old woman enters the youth's house, learns the secret of the sword [E711.10], and throws it into the sea. Deprived of his strength, the youth dies, and his wife is taken to the king. Through a life token, the youth's friends discover what has happened, recover the sword, restore it to its original condition, and resuscitate the youth. The youth creeps into the king's castle, hides in the room of his wife, kills the king (the old woman), and becomes king himself. Cf. Type 318.","The Egyptian Two Brothers Tale, documented in the 13th century B.C.E, includes elements from three different tale-types, Types 302B, 318, and 870C*.","302, 303, and 516."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,302C*,The Magic Horse,"Hor�lek 1967a; EM 1 (1977) 1381�1383; Scherf 1995 I, 597�601, 731�736, II, 853�856; R�th 1998, 17f.","Finnish: cf. L�wis of Menar 1922, No. 31; Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 72; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978, No. 65; German: Jahn 1889, No. 3; Hungarian: Ortutay 1957, No. 8, cf. Kov�cs 1986, No. 8; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 22; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 255, cf. No. 247, II, No. 408, cf. No. 448; Bosnian: Sch�tz 1960, No. 4; Rumanian: cf. Karlinger/B�rlea 1969, No. 11; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 422; Russian: Levin 1984, No. 11; Byelorussian: Barag 1966, No. 27; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 8, Csenki/Vekerdi 1980, No. 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 70.","(Including the previous Type 422*.) At the wish of the dead king, his youngest son permits his three sisters to marry the first suitors who come for them. Visiting his brothers-in-law, he learns that they are the masters of the three kingdoms of animals. The prince wins a wife who forbids him to enter a certain room [C611]. He disregards her prohibition and revives a dragon (demon) who is impaled on a wall (contained in a hoop). The dragon frees himself and abducts the prince's wife. The prince searches for her and three times tries to flee with her. Riding on his magic horse, the dragon overtakes the two but does not kill the prince, because he promised to spare his life three times; the fourth time, he cuts him up. Signals of distress tell the brothers-in-law that the prince is in danger, and they come and resuscitate him. He goes back to the dragon, asks his wife to find out where the magic horse came from, and learns that a certain witch owns one. On his way to the witch, the prince wins the gratitude of three animals which help him to tend the witch's three horses (daughters) that live in the earth, the clouds, and the sea. In payment, the prince choses a scabby foal which turns into a magic horse (with extra legs), and he and his wife flee on his back. The magic horse is the brother of the dragon's horse, and it compells the latter to throw off its rider, the dragon. The dragon is killed, and the prince returns home together with his wife. Cf. Type 552.",NA,"317, 552, 554, and 556F*."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,303,The Twins or Blood-Brothers,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 64ff. No. 348; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 175�181, 303�305; BP I, 528�556, II, 204f.; HDM 1 (1930�33) 338�340 (A. Taylor); Sydow 1930; Ranke 1934b, 113�130; Christiansen 1959, 241f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Hor�lek 1969a; Hor�lek 1972; EM 2 (1979) 912�919 (K. Ranke); Rubow 1984; Brockington 1995; Scherf 1995 I, 83�85, 517f., 658�660, 671�674, II, 1364�1368, 1454�1461; Dekker et al. 1997, 380�384; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Gobrecht 2002; Hansen 2002, 246�251, 450�453; EM 11,1 (2003) 131f. (H.-J. Uther).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 6, 91; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 49(10); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 303, 553; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 8, Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 16, III, Nos. 21, 37, IV, No. 30, Kristensen 1890, No. 99; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 135, 216f., 351ff., 463ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 16; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 303, 553; French: Delarue 1957, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.), No. 553; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 57, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, No. 303, II, No. 581, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 60, II, No. 85; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 32, 54; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 22, 40, XIV, 78; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 22ff., Tille 1929ff. I, 335ff., II 2, 243ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, Nos. 376, 412, 486, 529, 556; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 374ff.; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 22; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 258ff., III, 388f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, Nos. 303, 553; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 108 IV (var. f), 220; Jewish: Gaster 1924, No. 373, Noy 1963a, No. 13; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 234f., 520f., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 46�48, 59, 101; Adygea: Alieva 1986, Nos. 303, 303�I; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 303, 553; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 186�191, 193, 196, cf. Nos. 108�110, 122, 169, 220; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 63ff.; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 25; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 142, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian: Nowak 1969, No. 130; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 142; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 27, Riftin et al. 1977, Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 143; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 10, X, No. 19, XV, No. 31, XVIII, No. 26; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 323ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 19 (not.); Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995II; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 16; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 84, III, Nos. 160, 245; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 88, 88a; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4141; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1016; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 7.303.","(Including the previous Types 553 and 581.) After having eaten a magic fish (apple, water) [T511.5.1, T511.1.1, T512], a woman gives birth to twins. (Cf. Type 705A.) Grateful animals accompany the grown-up brothers, or animals give them one or more of their young ones because the brothers did not kill them. (The brothers are given unusual animals; they win them or bring them up; in some variants, the animals are born at the same time as the brothers [T589.7.1].) Together with his animals, one of the brothers sets out. When the brothers separate, they agree upon a life token that gives a warning when one of them is in mortal danger and needs help: Water will become cloudy, a plant or a tree dry up, a knife stuck in a tree will grow rusty, etc. [E761]. The first brother frees a princess (three princesses) from a dragon (trolls), unmasks an impostor ('Red Knight') who pretended to be the princess's rescuer, and marries the princess [R111.1.3, K1932, H83, L161]. Cf. Type 300. Against a warning, the hero follows a light [G451] (is tempted by an animal). He falls into the power of a witch and is turned to stone [D231]. His twin brother is warned by the life token and sets forth in quest of him. The princess mistakes him for her husband, as the two brothers are very much alike [K1311.1]. At night the brother puts a naked sword in the bed between himself and his sister-in-law [T351]. Then he finds the witch, makes her remove the spell from his brother, and kills her. The first brother learns that the second has slept with his wife and kills him out of jealousy [N342.3]. Later on, when he asks his wife why she had put the sword in the bed, he realizes that his brother was innocent. The brother is resuscitated by magic means [B512] (water of life). In some variants, a youth saves the life of a raven (crane, eagle). As a reward he obtains magic objects. The youth defeats a sea monster, delivers three princesses, and marries the youngest of them. (Previously Type 553.)",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 302, 314, and also 304, 313, 315, 318, 327B, 513A, 550, 554, 705A, 1000, 1003, 1006, 1051, 1052, 1072, 1088, and 1120; frequently introduced by Type 567."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,303A,Brothers Seek Sisters as Wives (previously Six Brothers Seek Seven Sisters as Wives),"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 171f. No. 329; BP III, 431�443; EM 2 (1979) 887�902 (U. Masing); Scherf 1995 II, 1301�1304, 1325�1328; R�th 1998.","Finnish-Swedish: Allardt/Perkl�n 1896, No. 129; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Norwegian: Stroebe 1915 II, No. 23; Danish: Skattegraveren 6 (1886) No. 837, 9 (1889) No. 548, Kristensen 1890, No. 97, Sadolin 1941, 40ff.; French: Ten�ze/H�llen 1961, No. 27; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 50, Neumann 1971, No. 59, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 17; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 215, 317, 333, II, Nos. 485, 544; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 89ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 20; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 38; Bosnian: �ulji 1968, 7ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 303I*, B�rlea 1966 I, 340ff., 355ff., III, 395ff., 397ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Byelorussian: Ramana 1962, No. 38; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 96 (1); Jewish: cf. Noy 1963a, No. 22, Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Munk�csi 1927, No. 3, cf. Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 159ff.; Dagestan: Kapieva 1951, 79ff.; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 84ff.; Kazakh: Potanin 1917, No. 13, Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 3ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 320ff., 375ff.; Tadzhik: Sandelholztruhe 1960, 229ff.; Mongolian: Heissig 1963, No. 45; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 37; Georgian: cf. Dolidze 1960, 104ff., 139ff.; Syrian, Palestinian, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 1, Lebedev 1990, No. 26, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A number of brothers (usually six, twelve or one hundred) set out to find a number of sisters as wives for themselves and their youngest brother who remained home [T69.1]. On the way an old man (giant, troll) transforms the brothers and their brides into stone and takes the youngest bride for himself [D231, R11.1]. The youngest brother goes to look for his lost brothers and comes to the old man's house. Here he finds the youngest bride who tells him that the heart (life) of the old man is enclosed in a bird [E715.1]. With the help of grateful animals which he had fed on his way, the youngest brother catches the bird and kills it, thus killing the old man (he rescues his brothers and the brides by performing different tasks). Brothers and brides are restored to life [R155.1]. Cf. Type 302. In some variants, the brothers marry the daughters of a witch. During the night in bed the brothers exchange their places with those of their wives. The witch kills her own daughters. Cf. Type 1119.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 302, 314, 327B, 328, 513A, 531, 550, and 1119."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,304,The Dangerous Night-Watch (previously The Hunter),"BP II, 503�506; Pol�vka 1916; EM 7 (1993) 411�420 (C. Shojaei Kawan); Scherf 1995 I, 409�413, 607�609, II, 1175�1178; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 7; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 18, III, No. 27; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 316, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 111; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 69; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 61, X, No. 10; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 56, Tille 1929ff. II 1, 264ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 197, II, Nos. 407, 417; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 51, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 27, cf. No. 153; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 81, Lambertz 1952, 21f.; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 204 III 1, 213 III 2 (var. h x); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 49; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 81, 135; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 161; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 289; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 12, Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 26, XVIII, No. 21; US-American: Baughman 1966; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 4�6; French-American: Carri�re 1937, Nos. 13, 14; Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995II; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 81, cf. No. 177; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. II, 90ff., El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Laoust 1949, No. 120; East African: Klipple 1992.","Together with his brothers (companions), a youth (youngest of three brothers, hunter, prince, soldier, etc.)has various hunting adventures, or he defeats dragons (wild animals, monsters) during one (three) night-watch(es) in the forest (at his father's grave). While the youth fights, his fire (light) goes out (the youth loses his way, is tempted away by a bird). He (stops time and) meets giants (robbers, supernatural beings) whom he impresses by shooting tricks [F666.1] or by his extraordinary physical strength. The giants go to plunder a castle (town) or to carry off a princess, and take the youth with them. The youth shoots a watchdog (rooster), enters the castle first, calls the giants and, as they enter, he cuts off their heads one at a time [K912]. Often he cuts off their tongues (heads, other parts of the body) which he takes away as trophies [H83]. Cf. Type 300. In the castle, the youth comes to a room where a princess lies sleeping [N711.2]. He looks at her (falls in love, kisses her, rapes her) and, before leaving, takes a souvenir (jewelry, handkerchief, shoes, etc.)which later becomes a token [H81.1, H81.1.1, T475.2]; cf. Types 301, 301D*. Then he returns with a burning log (lets time resume) and kindles the fire again. An impostor pretends that he had killed the giants and claims the (pregnant) princess for his wife. The princess refuses to marry him. She sets up (is made to live in) an inn [Q481] where guests need not pay anything if they tell a tale (life-history, news). (Accompanied by his brothers and mother,) the youth stops at this inn, proves his identity by means of his tale and the tokens, and marries the princess [H11.1.1, H81, L161]. The impostor is punished.",Documented in the early 19th century.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 302, 303, and 552."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,305,The Dragon's Heart-blood as Remedy [D1500,EM 3 (1981) 820�825.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, 198f.; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 17; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I; English-Canadian: Dorson 1952, 93ff.; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XXII, No. 10.","1.7.3.3]. This tale exists chiefly in four different forms (cf. Types 314, 551, 673): (1) A king falls ill and learns that he can only be cured by the milk and blood of a dragon's heart. He promises his oldest daughter to whoever is able to get the remedy, and his youngest daughter to whoever assists. A nobleman and a farmer boy set out and, with the help of an old woman, arrive at the dragon's forest. The farmer boy kills the dragon, squeezes milk and blood out of its heart, and hides them. Threatening to kill him, the nobleman takes the dragon's heart, presents it to the king and wins the eldest daughter and the kingdom [K1935]. The farmer boy and the youngest daughter are sent to live in the goose house. Because there were neither milk nor blood in the dragon's heart, the nobleman, the farmer boy, and the old woman are questioned. Truth comes to light, and the kingdom goes to the farmer boy. (2) During his travels, a workman learns that the sick king can only be cured by a dragon's liver. He sees the dragon's vulnerable spot in a dream. He kills the dragon and boasts of his victory in an inn. The host steals the man's knapsack which, however, contains only a stone. The workman arrives at the king's court prior to the host, cures the king, and wins the princess as his wife. The thievish host is hanged. (3) A father orders his son to bring him the devil's tongue to cure his illness, but the son cannot find the devil. An old man advises him to knock with a stick on a certain trunk. A horse appears and carries him to the devil. The horse gives the son a piece of his hoof which he can use to call it whenever he is in danger. The son challenges the devil, but, during the fight, the devil thrusts him into the earth up to his waist. With the help of the horse, the son defeats the devil, brings the devil's tongue to his father, and thus cures him. (4) While hunting, a prince is bewitched and loses his voice. A young woman appears in his dream and tells him about a remedy: a medicine consisting of dragons' eyes, a dragon's heart and other ingredients, which must be prepared in a certain manner. In return the young woman demands that the prince marry her. After the prince agrees, a youth appears and produces the medicine in the prescribed way. The cure is successful, and the prince marries the young woman.","The four versions represent oicotypes: Version (1) � Danish, version (2) � Flemish, version (3) � Latvian, version (4) � Serbian.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,306,The Danced-out Shoes,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 412, 437; BP III, 78�84; Ressel 1981, 144�149; Scherf 1995 I, 667�670, II, 1204�1207, 1332�1335, 1434�1436, 1441�1444; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 119�121; EM: Schuhe: Die zertanzten S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 8; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 105; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. III, No. 3, Holbek 1990, No. 33; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 35, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 322�324, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 133; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 53; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 2; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 94; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 311ff., Tille 1929ff. II 1, 337ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 74, 137, 199, 219, 227, 295, II, Nos. 372, 556; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 44ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 28, Eschker 1992, No. 10; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 15; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 452ff., III, 403f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 102 IV 4 C, 183; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 37, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 306A; Mexican: Robe 1973; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, 373ff.; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f., I, No. 37; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 95, 96; East African: Klipple 1992, 132f.","(Including the previous Type 306A.) Every day, a princess(es) wears out a pair of shoes. Her father wants to know why and offers the princess (one of the princesses) to whoever discovers the secret [H508.2]. Anyone who fails will lose his head. A youth (soldier, Gypsy, tailor, shepherd, farmer, etc.)acquires a magic object (e.g. shoes, cap, overcoat, stick) which makes him invisible [D1980]. He refuses a narcotic drink and does not fall asleep [K625.1]. After making himself invisible, the youth accompanies the princess on a magical underground journey [D2131]. In the underworld he watches the princess wear out her shoes by dancing with the devil (dragon, other supernatural beings) [F1015.1.1]. The next morning the youth tells the king what happened and corroborates his tale by tokens (e.g. twigs, apples, ring, piece of the princess's garment) from the underworld [H80]. He marries the princess [L161] and becomes king. Cf. Type 507A. Mainly in Indian variants, a prince accompanies his wife to the otherworld where she has to dance each night before a divinity. He frees her [F87]. (Previously Type 306A.)",NA,"307, 505, 507, and 518."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,307,The Princess in the Coffin (previously The Princess in the Shroud),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 320; BP III, 531�537; Christiansen 1949; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 3477b; Scherf 1995 I, 560�563, II, 906�909, 1337�1339, 1403�1406; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 117f.; EM 10 (2002) 1355�1363 (C. Shojaei Kawan).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 9; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 13, Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 50; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 234, 270, 311, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 24; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *307A; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 53; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 3; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 101; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 326ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 2; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 199, 227, 332, cf. No. 30, II, No. 532; Slovene: Drekonza 1932, 49ff.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 36; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 26; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 307, 307C*; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; East African: Klipple 1992, 133f.","(Including the previous Types 307B* and 307C*.) After a hasty wish (curse), a diabolic (black, mute) daughter is born to a childless couple (king and queen) [C758.1, S223]. The daughter demands that when she dies, there should be a night-watch at her coffin in the church (graveyard) (someone should watch over her for three nights in order to save her). The dead girl rises every night from the coffin and swallows the man on guard [E251]. A soldier (boy) learns from an old man what he must do to free the girl from the witchcraft [N825.2]. During the first two nights, he hides from the dead girl. During the third night, when the girl leaves the coffin, the soldier lies down in it, refuses to let her in, and forces her (by means of a rusty sword) to say a paternoster (sing a hymn at the altar). As she says the prayer, the rooster crows and the girl is disenchanted [D791.1.7]. The guards are revived and the girl marries her rescuer [L162]. (The soldier tears his bride into two parts and shakes out the bad spirit in the form of reptiles.) Various other magic or religious means can be used to save the princess.","Documented early in the 19th century. Literary treatment, see Gogol�, Vij (1835).","306, 507, and 518."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,310,The Maiden in the Tower,"BP I, 97�99; L�thi 1960; Meraklis 1963f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 273; EM 7 (1993) 791�797 (H.-J. Uther); Lauer 1993; Scherf 1995 II, 937�940, 940�942, 969�973, 1378�1380; Dekker et al. 1997, 293; R�th 1998.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: cf. Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 310B; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 58, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 310, cf. No. 310B; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 12; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 20; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 17, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 11; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 200 V, p. 418 No. 12; Jewish: cf. Haboucha 1992, Nos. **310A, **313D; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 50, 51; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 310A�; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, cf. No. 408C; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 3; US-American: Baughman 1966; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 310**A; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 76; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 8, El-Shamy 2004, No. 310A�; Libyan, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese, Somalian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 310A�.","(Petrosinella, Rapunzel.) A (pregnant) woman steals herbs (fruits) from the garden of a witch (sorceress) [G279.2] and is forced to promise her unborn child to the witch [S222.1]. The woman bears a girl, and after a certain time the witch comes for the daughter (often called Petrosinella, Rapunzel, etc. according to the name of the stolen plant) [G204]. The witch locks her up in a tower [R41.2]. Whenever the witch wants to visit her, she enters by climbing on the girl's long (golden) hair as on a ladder [F848.1]. A prince discovers the girl in the tower because of her hair shining in the sun [F555] and falls in love with her. The girl gives the witch a sleeping-draught. The prince climbs up on the girl's hair and they have a love affair. The witch finds out about the nocturnal visits of the prince. She wants to prevent further visits, but accidentally discloses that the lovers could flee by transforming themselves with the help of three oak galls. The girl overhears the conversation [N455] and explains the magic oak galls to the prince. They flee together and are pursued by the witch. They escape [D642.7] and the witch is killed. The prince marries the girl [L162].","The oldest version is in Basile, Pentamerone (II,1).","313, 327A, and 402."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,311,Rescue by the Sister,"BP I, 370�375, 398�412, II, 56; Herzog 1937; Uther 1988a; Scherf 1995 I, 80�83, 141�144, 167�170, 317�321, 480�483, 573f., II, 1050�1052, 1108�1111; EM 8 (1996) 1407�1413 (W. Puchner); Dekker et al. 1997, 63�66; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 97�100.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 10; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 55; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: e.g. Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 37, Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 7, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 27; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 41, Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 20, Briggs 1970f. A I, 446f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 175ff.; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 26, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 46, cf. No. 66, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 22; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 23, 28; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 19, 25; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I, No. 311�312; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 80ff.; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 52ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 83; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 46, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 24; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 365*; Bulgarian: Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 152 III 2�4, 157; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 213; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 221ff., El-Shamy 2004, No. 311-312; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 311-312; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. I, No. 52; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 28, Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, No. 99; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, Nos. 45, 70; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 311-312; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 2.1.311, 3.1.311.","Two sisters, one after the other, fall into power of a demonic suitor (cannibal, dragon, magician, devil) and are taken into his (subterranean) castle [R11.1, T721.5]. There the sisters open a forbidden room full of dead bodies, in the course of which the key (a magic egg, apple) becomes bloody, or they refuse to eat human flesh [C611, C227, C913]. The demon kills them for their disobedience [C920]. Using a trick, the third (youngest) sister escapes from the same fate. She finds her sisters and resuscitates them by putting their bones together [R157.1]. She hides them beneath some gold in baskets (bags) and persuades the demon to carry the baskets home without looking into them [G561]. Cf. Type 1132. The youngest sister pretends to marry the demon and leaves a skull (straw dummy) dressed as a bride to deceive him. Unwittingly the demon carries this sister home in the third basket. Or she smears herself with honey and feathers and escapes as a 'strange bird' [K525, K521.1]. Cf. Types 1383, 1681. The demon is burned in his own house or is killed in another way [Q211]. Cf. Type 312.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 312, 313, 403, 857, 955, and 956B."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,311B*,The Singing Bag,"Oriol 2002, 33ff.","Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I. 89f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Russian: Nikiforov/Propp 1961, No. 84; Jewish: Noy 1965, No. 13; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 311*B; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 311*B, cf. No. 311**C; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 17; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: cf. Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 3852 (1), 3852 (2).","A Gypsy (old man) puts the niece of an old washerwoman (only daughter of an old couple) into a bag and carries her off. The Gypsy goes begging from door to door and exhibits his 'singing bag': He gives the bag a pinch, threatens to beat it with his stick, and orders it to sing. Thereupon the girl in the bag starts singing her tale: I left my rosary on a stone by the river when I was washing. When I wanted to get it, a Gypsy put me in his bag and carried me off. (I am the only daughter of an old couple. An old man carried me off when I was gathering berries in the forest.) One day the Gypsy arrives at the old washerwoman's house. The woman recognizes her niece, invites the Gypsy into his house, and entertains him until he gets drunk. When he is sleeping, she rescues the girl from the bag and, in her place, puts two cats (horse-dung). When the Gypsy exhibits his singing bag the next time, the cats mew. The Gypsy opens the bag and is scratched or bitten [K526].",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,312,Maiden-killer (Bluebeard) (previously The Giant-killer and his Dog),"BP I, 398�412, II, 56; HDM 1 (1930�33) 266�270 (C. Voretzsch); Heckmann 1930; DVldr 1935ff. II, No. 41; Herzog 1937; Belmont 1973, 51�55, 81; Karlinger 1973a; Suhrbier 1984; Uther 1988a; Kindl 1989; Scherf 1995 I, 94�98; EM 8 (1996) 1407�1413 (W. Puchner); R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 97�100; Davies 2001.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 67b; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 55*; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Webster 1877, 173ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 612, 614, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 305; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 66, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 70; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 55; Italian: Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 15, Aprile 2000 I; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I, No. 311�312; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 270; Slovene: Kres 3 (1883) 610ff.; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 6; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 I, 460ff., III, 404ff.; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 27; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 157 III; Jewish: Jason 1965; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 52; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 103; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Lebanese, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 6; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. VIII, No. 12, IX, No. 24, XXI, No. 14; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 55, Camarena/Chevalier 1995 II; African American: Baughman 1966; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 103; Sierra Leone: Finnegan 1967, 117ff.; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3890; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1020.","An odd-looking rich man (e.g. with a blue beard [S62.1]) takes his bride to his splendid castle. She is forbidden to open a certain room, but she disobeys and finds it full of the dead bodies of her predecessors [C611]. The husband wants to kill her for her disobedience [C920], but she is able to delay the punishment (three times) [K551]. She (her sister) calls their brother (three brothers) who kills the husband (sometimes with help from a dog or other animal) and rescues his sister(s) [G551.1, G652]. Cf. Type 311.",Documented in the late 17th century by Charles Perrault.,"311, 313."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,312A,The Rescued Girl (previously The Brother Rescues His Sister from the Tiger),,"French: Delarue 1957; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 17; Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Oman, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 28; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; North African, Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: cf. Jahn 1970, No. 9, El-Shamy 1999, No. 1�2, El-Shamy 2004.","A man gives his daughter in marriage to a tiger (monkey, supernatural being) because he made a rash vow (as a payment for the tiger's help, or because the tiger threatened him). The tiger eats the girl and demands her sister(s), whom he also eats. The youngest sister (brother) kills the tiger (the girl escapes and the tiger is lured back to the village and killed).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,312C,The Rescued Bride (previously Devil's Bride Rescued by Brother),,"Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1879, No. 48, Camarena/Chevalier 1995II; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 452A*; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. *340A, Haboucha 1992, *340A; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 312C, cf. No. 312*E; Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Cuban: cf. Hansen 1957, Nos. *340**G, *340**H; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. *340*A, *340**C, *340**E, cf. No. *340**F; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. *340*A, *340**B, cf. No. *340**D; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, Nos. 106, 107.","(Including the previous Type 452A*.) (A man promises his daughter to the devil.) The girl marries the devil (Or: A youth curses his sister: The devil may take her. This happens.) The brother searches for his sister, finds her and rescues her (frequently with the help of his dogs).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,312D,Rescue by the Brother (previously Brother Saves his Sister and Brothers from the Dragon),"BP III, 429�431; Novikov 1974; EM 4 (1984) 127�130 (�. D�m�t�r); D�m�t�r 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 112�116, 268�271, 653�656, II, 778�781; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 11; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Syrjanian: Fokos 1917f., No. 2; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. I, No. 13, II, No. 4; Scottish, Irish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 180ff.; German: cf. Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 3; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 1ff., 69ff., Kosov�-Kole�nyi 1988, 68ff., Ga�par�kov� 1984, 76ff.; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 142ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 12, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 18; Croatian: Plohl Herdvigov 1868, No. 19, Smiiklas 1910ff. 17, No. 41, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 14, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 5; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 327D*; Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 190, Mode 1983ff. I, No. 7, MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 62; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 118ff.; Cheremis/Mari: Beke 1938, No. 35; Votyak: Munk�csi 1952, No. 88; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Pea's Son.) A dragon (devil) carries off a girl (three girls) and kills her brothers when they try to rescue her. After a magic conception (often by swallowing a pea [T511.3]), the mother of the siblings gives birth to a strong son [F611.1]. This son kills the dragon, rescues his sister, and resuscitates his brothers. The envious brothers plan to kill the youngest. But because of his strength he is able to free himself and to punish his brothers. Cf. Type 550.","This type first appears in the early 19th century, but combines older motifs.","301, 650A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,313,The Magic Flight,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 197ff. No. 116; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 161�175; BP I, 442f., 498�503, II, 77�79, 140�146, 516�527, III, 338f., 406�417; Aarne 1930; Knapp 1933; Christiansen 1959, 242f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 86, 459; Rausmaa 1973c, 132�134; Manusakas/Puchner 1984; Brix 1992; Goldberg 1992; Scherf 1995 I, 62�66, 261�265, 326�330, 372�374, 375�378, 378�380, 536�540, II, 784�786, 883�885, 946�949, 991�993, 1217�1220, 1234�1237, 1351�1352, 1363�1364; Dekker et al. 1997, 213�218; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 13�19 (W. Puchner); Schmidt 1999, No. 313C; Anderson 2000, 72�78; Hansen 2002, 151�166.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 478; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 56a, 57a(1), 56c(25), 77; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Nos. 313A, 313B, 313C; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 313A, 313B, 313C, 313H*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 313A,B,C, 313H*; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 313A, 313C; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 3, Holbek 1990, No. 5; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, Nos. 313A, 313C; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 313C; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 17, Briggs 1970f. A I, 160, 290ff., 296f., 424ff., 565f., B II, 4, Baughman 1966, No. 313C; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Baughman 1966, No. 313C; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 202f., 579f.; French: Delarue 1957, Nos. 313, 313B; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 313A, 313C, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 313A; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 313A, 313C; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 313, 313A, 313C; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 2, 13, 48, Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 218, 268, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 313A, 313C; Dutch: Volkskunde 1 (1888) 121�137, 14 (1901/02) 119�125, 16 (1904) 244�249, Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 5, 6; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 313A; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 313, 313A, 313C, Meyer/Sinninghe 1976, No. 313C; Walloon: Laport 1932, Nos. 313, *313D; German: Meyer 1932, Nos. 313A, 313C, Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 51, 56, II, Nos. 79, 113, III, Nos. 181, 186, 193, Berger 2001, Nos. 313, 313A*; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 11, Haiding 1977a, No. 9; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 40, XI, Nos. 2, 3; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 313, 313B, Aprile 2000 I, Nos. 313A, 313C; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 5, Massignon 1963, Nos. 20, 25, 44, 102; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I, No. 313�408; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 313A, 313C; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 313A, 313C; Czech: Tille 1921, 143ff., Tille 1929ff. I, 219ff., 224ff., 231ff., 239ff., 246ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 100, 168, 198, 273, II, Nos. 376, 529, 555; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 147ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 18, Eschker 1992, Nos. 9, 18, 34; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 18, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, Nos. 11, 32, Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 17; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 313A; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 313A, 313C, 313H*, Koceva 2002, No. 313H*; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 27, 28; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 313A, 313C; Russian: L�wis of Menar 1914, Nos. 31, 44, Nikiforov/Propp 1961, 97ff., 150ff., SUS, Nos. 313A, 313H*, Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. II, Nos. 219�226; Byelorussian: Barag 1966, 278ff., SUS, Nos. 313A, 313H*; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 69ff., SUS, Nos. 313A, 313H*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 82, 84, 87, 98, 102 III, 104 IV, 105 IV, 152 IV e, 161 III 3�6, 168 (2), 168 III 2, 170, 212 III 4, 212 IV 4, 249, 374 III 3�7; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992, No. 313, cf. No. **313D; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 161, 191ff., 202f., 376f., MNK X 1, Nos. 313, 313A, 313C; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 53�56, 69; Adygea: Alieva 1986, Nos. 313A, 313B, 313H*; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 313, Sabitov 1989, Nos. 313 A, B, C, 313H*; Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 313; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 4, 9; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 101, 102, 107�109, 112, 126, 127, 213, 215, 235; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, Nos. 4, 5; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 313A; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 313, 313A, B, C, 313H*; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 221; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Eberhard 1937, 80f., Ting 1978, Nos. 313A, 313C, 313H*; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 101, 123, 205; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., Nos. 313D*, 313H*; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 7�13; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1923, No. 106, Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 11, III, No. 2; North American Indian: cf. Thompson 1919, 347ff., Robe 1973; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 313, 313A, 313C, Perdue 1987, Nos. 3A�E; French-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 7 (1928) 128�130, 12 (1935) 61�66, Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 313, 313A; Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 313C; Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, Nos. 25, 336, 392, 394; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 313A, 313C; Cuban, Puerto Rican, Venezuelan, Uruguayan: Hansen 1957, No. 313A; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 18; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 313C, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, Nos. 16�19, 36, 37, II, Nos. 106, 107, III, No. 244; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 313C; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 52, 52a, 52b; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 169, 227, El-Shamy 2004, No. 313, 313H*; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 103, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 313, 313C, 313H*; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Jahn 1970, No. 21, El-Shamy 2004, No. 313, 313H*; Mauritian: Delarue 1957; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1022; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 7.313.","(Including the previous Types 313A, 313B, 313C, and 313H*.) This type combines various introductory episodes with the two main parts of the 'Magic Flight' and the 'Forgotten Fianc'e'. Introductory episodes: (1) After a war between birds and quadrupeds [B261, cf. Type 222], a wounded eagle is cared for by a man. The eagle (its relatives) gives the man a box which he must not open before he arrives at home. The man disobeys and a castle appears. An giant helps the man close the box and, in return, is promised the man's unborn son [S222]. Cf. Type 537. In some variants, a boy is promised to a demon, giant, or devil [S222, S240], or the boy promises himself to the demon. Threatening him with death, the demon (giant, devil) assigns the youth (often three) impossible tasks [G465] (e.g. building a castle in one night [H1104], bailing out a pond with a sieve [H1113], felling a forest using an axe of glass, capturing a magic horse [H1154.8]) which he performs with the help of the demon's daughter [H335.0.1]. Before the youth can marry the daughter, he must identify her in a group of women (her sisters) who look just like her. (2) A youth watches girls (transformed swans) bathing in a lake and steals the swan dress of one of them [D361.1, D721]. The girl agrees to marry the youth and takes him to her father's house. Cf. Types 400, 465A. (3) A king suffering from leprosy (scabs) captures a prince and feeds him with sweets for forty days, in the hope that the prince's blood will cure his sickness. The princess falls in love with the foreign youth. Main parts: Magic Flight. The daughter of the demon (king) uses her magical power to flee together with the youth. She leaves magic speaking objects (spittle, blood) behind to deceive her father [D1611]. Nevertheless the flight is discovered and the father follows them. In order to escape, the girl transforms herself and her fianc' into various things or persons (e.g. into rose and thornbush, church and priest, lake and duck) [D671], or she throws magic objects (comb, brush, mirror, etc.)which become obstacles in the way of the pursuer [D672]. After the third transformation, the pursuer has to give up (dies). Cf. Type 310. In some variants of the Magic Flight two children (brother and sister) flee from a witch (demon, dragon, ogre, witch, wolf, bad stepmother). (Previously Type 313H*.) Forgotten Fianc'e [D2003]. The youth goes to visit his home and leaves his bride behind. At home he breaks a taboo: Disobeying the bride's warning, he kisses someone (eats something) and thus forgets his experiences [D2004.2, C234, D2004.3]. When the youth is about to marry another woman, the forgotten fianc'e reawakens his memory by performing magic actions (paralyses three lovers in embarrassing positions [D2006.1.1], magically stops the wedding carriage of the new bride [D2006.1.5], brings a couple of birds who remind the youth of her help [D2006.1.3], or buys a place for three nights in the bridal bed from her husband's new bride, and in the third night successfully reawakens his memory [D1978.4, D2006.1.4], etc.). The youth marries the true bride.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 222B, 300, 301, 302, 303, 303A, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 325, 327A, 327B, 329, 400, 402, 408, 425, 450, 480, 502, 511, 518, 531, 537, 552, 563, 707, 884, 1115, and 1119."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,313E*,The Sister's Flight (previously Girl Flees from Brother who Wants to Marry her),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 14; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 137; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Bulgarian: Koceva 2002; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 317; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 21; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 8; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 1999, No. 46, El-Shamy 2004.","A brother wants to marry his sister. (Cf. Type 510B.) She flees and arrives in the underworld at the house of a witch. There she meets the witch's daughter who resembles her. Both girls escape from the sorceress by a magic flight, throwing objects behind them. (Cf. Type 313.) The girls change into birds, and the brother is not able to distinguish them. He pretends he is going to kill himself. The sister betrays herself by an involuntary cry. The brother marries the sorceress's daughter.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,314,Goldener (previously The Youth Transformed to a Horse),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 330�334; BP III, 94�114; Wesselski 1925, No. 52; HDM 2 (1934�40) 648�651 (E. Tegethoff); Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 92f. (H. Tervooren); EM 5 (1987) 1372�1383 (G. Dammann); Scherf 1995 I, 251�256, 350�353, II, 1105�1108; R�th 1998, Nos. 314, 532; Schmidt 1999, Nos. 314, 532; EM 10 (2002) 932�936 (C. Goldberg); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 462, 463, 478.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 15, 81; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 53(2), 56; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 314, 532; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 314, 532; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 314, 532; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 60; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 532; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 314, p. 356; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 15, Kristensen 1881ff. III, Nos. 30, 36, IV, Nos. 26, 29, 50; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 314, 532; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 314, 532; Basque: Webster 1877, 111ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 314, 532; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 341, Braga 1987 I, 104ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 11; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 136, cf. Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 23; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 29, 65; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 15, Massignon 1963, No. 7; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 314, 532; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 261; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 302, 311, II, Nos. 528, 555; Slovene: Drekonja 1932, 45ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 34; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 38, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 2; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 49, 50; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 I, 380ff., III, 400f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 314, 532, Koceva 2002, Nos. 314, 532; Greek: Karlinger 1979, Nos. 13, 63, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 532, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 314, 532; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 98 V, 158, 175 III 6, 257, 258; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 42, Jason 1965, Nos. 314, 532, Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 314, 532; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 82, 91�93; Adygea: Alieva 1986, Nos. 314, 532; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 314, 532, Sabitov 1989, No. 532; Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 532; Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, No. 532; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 112, 118, 193, 220; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 19; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 314, 532; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 314, 532; Lebanese, Plestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 94, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 314, 532; Saudi Arabian, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *314; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 18; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 163; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977. No. 9, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 101.1; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 145; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 18, V, No. 12, VIII, No. 10, XIV, No. 25, XV, No. 44, Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II (app.), No. 532; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 347ff.; Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 314, 532; Mexican, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 314, 532; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, Nos. 59, 65, 73; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 55; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 314, 532; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 532; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, 140f.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 314, 532; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1024.","(Including the previous Type 532.) This type combines various introductory episodes with a common main part. Cf. Types 314A, 502, and 530. Introductory episodes: (1) A boy has been promised (often in return for magic conception) to a demon (devil, giant) [S211], or he voluntarily becomes a servant in a demon's house [G462]. The demon orders him to care for two (groups of) animals, to feed the one and to neglect the other. The boy does not follow these instructions and thus makes friends with the abused animal (magic horse) [B316]. Against the prohibition of the demon, he enters a certain chamber [C611]. As a mark of disobedience, his hair turns gold [C912]. The boy and the magic horse escape from the demon by a magic flight [D672]. (2) A boy (usually the son of a ruler) and a magic foal are close friends. The mother (stepmother) wants to kill the boy. The magic foal warns the boy of her secret murderous attempts. At last the mother demands that the boy or the foal be killed. The boy pretends to agree but asks his father to be allowed to ride the foal one last time. During this ride the foal flies away together with the boy [B184.1.6]. (3) In return for his magic conception, a boy is promised to a demon [G461]. On the way to the demon's house, the boy is forewarned (given instructions for how to kill the demon or to flee). In the rooms of the demon's house, the boy finds prisoners or corpses (and his hair turns to gold [C912]). The boy kills the demon and flees. Main part: The youth covers his golden hair, pretending to be a scaldhead, and takes service in the king's court as a gardener [K1816.1]. (He says nothing except, 'I don't know.' [C495.1]; previously Type 532). But the youngest princess sees him in his true form ( as a golden-haired knight who destroys and restores the garden three times) [H75.4]. She falls in love with Goldener [T91.6.4] and chooses him as her husband by throwing a golden apple to him [T55.1]. They marry but the angry king banishes the couple to a shabby lodging [L132, L113.1.0.1]. The king demands the help of his sons-in-law. Goldener has only a poor kit and is mocked. With the help of his magic horse he achieves various heroic deeds: He obtains the magic remedy (e.g. milk of a bird, water of life) for the king who had grown blind (cf. Type 551), kills a dragon (cf. Type 300), defeats a foreign army three times in disguise. He is wounded and is bandaged by the king. Three times he withdraws and is mocked as a fool. Cf. Type 530. Goldener's identity is revealed (e.g. by wounds, brands) and his true status is recognized [H55, H56]. The horse asks to be decapitated and becomes a prince (princess, other person).","Because of its similar structure and content, Type 532 is included here.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 217, 300�303A, 313, 314A, 315, 321, 325, 327, 327B, 400, 441, 475, 502, 511, 530, 530A, 531, 550, 552A, 551, 554, 590, 613, 725, 1049, 1052, and 1060."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,314A,The Shepherd and the Three Giants,"BP III, 112�114; EM 6 (1990) 1079�1083 (G. Dammann); Scherf 1995 I, 631�633, 765�768, II, 1067�1071, 1447�1449; Dekker et al. 1997, 162�165; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. I, Nos. 5, 6, cf. III, No. 40; Swedish: Segerstedt 1884, 81ff.; Danish: Kristensen 1883ff. III, No. 57, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 9, Holbek 1990, No. 6; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, Nos. 2, 10; Irish: B�aloideas 1 (1928) 290�297, 388�394, 2 (1929) 148�156, 268�272; English: cf. Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 15; French, Basque: Delarue 1957, No. 317; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 2; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 4; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, 175ff., Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 4; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 1, Haiding 1969, No. 4, Haiding 1977a, No. 27; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 42, 86; Italian: Visentini 1879, No. 5, Keller/R�diger 1959, No. 38; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 21; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 103, 197, 216, 260, 333, II, Nos. 392, 410, 437, 570; Slovene: Byhan 1958, 71ff.; Macedonian: To�ev 1954, 48ff.; Polish: Piprek 1918, 103ff.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 55; Ukrainian: Lintur 1972, No. 55; Gypsy: MNK X 1; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 18; French-Canadian: JAFL 29 (1916) 31�37, 30 (1917) 79�81, Delarue 1957, No. 317; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, Nos. 211, 237; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, Nos. 76�80.","A poor youth (orphan, fool, youngest of three brothers) sets out with his only heirloom (e.g. rusty sabre) or with magic objects (stick, flute, etc.)which grateful old people gave him [D817]. He becomes the king's shepherd [L113.1.4]. Cf. Types 570, 592. The youth is allowed to pasture his livestock on the king's land but not on the neighboring territory which belongs to three giants (because no one has ever returned from there). The youth disobeys and, with the help of his magic objects (strength), overcomes the three giants one after the other (sometimes their mother, too) [G500]. In the giants' lodging the youth finds a magic horse [B184.1] and armour of three different metals (magic weapons, immeasurable wealth, helpful spirits, enchanted persons). The king promises his daughter to whoever rescues her from a (three) dragon(s) (cf. Type 300), wins a tournament (cf. Type 530), or helps him in battle (cf. Type 314). The youth, wearing his shining armour and riding his magic horse, succeeds three times. He withdraws and hides [R222] until the princess recognizes him as the true champion. The youth marries the princess and becomes king [L161].",NA,"300, 511, 650A, and 935."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,314A*,Animal as Helper in the Flight (previously The Bullock-savior),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 16; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 314A*, 314B*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 314A*, 314B*; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 314B*; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 10; Russian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 314A*, 314B*; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 314A*, 314B*, 314A**; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 17, Jason 1965; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992.","(Including the previous Type 314B*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A bull (horse, moose, ox, bear, wolf, birds) helps children (another person) to escape from their pursuer (devil, witch, robbers). (2) The devil (white wolf) wants to abduct (marry) a princess (girl). A goat puts a straw sheaf in the place of the princess, asks the real princess to climb in a cart, covers her with hay, and tells the devil whom he meets on the way that the princess is at home. The devil grabs the sheaf and takes it to hell. The goat brings the girl home. (Previously Type 314B*.)","Version (1) usually does not occur independently, but as an episode in various other tales, particularly Type 315.","300, 313, 315, and 327."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,315,The Faithless Sister,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 168 No. 92; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 303�305; BP I, 551�553, III, 2; Thompson 1951, 113�117; Matietov 1956; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Scherf 1995 I, 57�62, 261�265, 375�378, 413�417; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Schwester: Die treulose S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 17; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 53; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 17, Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 6�9; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cust�dio/Galhoz 1996f. I, 101ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 912; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Neumann 1971, No. 67; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 1; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 81; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 17ff., 62ff., Tille 1929ff. I, 320ff., II 1, 252ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 81, 234, 292, 299; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 124ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 23, 24, cf. Nos. 22, 54, Eschker 1992, No. 18; Croatian: Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 26; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, Nos. 4, 24,Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 149, cf. No. 148; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 15; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 118, 214, 215, 219; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 5; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese, Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 137, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, No. 23; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 101.1; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 9; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 137, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 14, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 870.","Brother and sister leave home (are driven out). The brother kills a number of robbers (devils, giants, dragons) but does not realize that the last one is merely wounded [F615]. The sister helps the wounded robber to recover, and he becomes her lover. In order to get rid of the brother, she pretends to be ill and sends him out to get her the milk (liver) of dangerous animals [K2212.0.2]. The brother spares the animals and they follow him (give him a whistle). After the first attempt fails, the sister binds her brother with a silk thread, or she sends him to a magic mill where the animals are kept. When the couple is about to kill the brother, he whistles for the animals. They (break out from the mill and) tear the robber to pieces. The faithless sister is imprisoned (has to repent and to fill a barrel with her tears). The brother takes to the road, rescues a princess from a dragon [R111.1.1], and marries her [L161]. Cf. Type 300. The sister is brought to the court. She tries to take revenge on her brother by putting a (poisoned) bone into his bed. The brother dies. The animals lick the bone out of his body and he revives. The sister is punished by death.",Frequently an introduction to Type 300; structure similar to Type 590.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 590, and also 302, 303, 304, 313, 314, 314A*, 318, and 327A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,315A,The Cannibal Sister,"Farag� 1968; Bascom 1992, 155�200; Scherf 1995 II, 883�885, 1067�1071; R�th 1998; EM: Schwester: Die menschenfressende S. (forthcoming).","Lappish: Szab� 1967, No. 41; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 135; Rumanian: Schullerus/Brednich et al. 1977, No. 48; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, 49ff.; Bulgarian: Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Russian: Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. I, No. 93, II, No. 287; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 108 III 3�7, 147, 148, 149, 212 IV 4; Gypsy: Yates 1948, No. 18, Mode 1983ff. I, No. 68, II, No. 84, IV, No. 203; Ossetian: Levin 1978, No. 5; Uighur: Kabirov/Schachmatov 1959, 123ff.; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Siberian: cf. Doerfer 1983, No. 87; Kalmyk: Ostroumov 1892, No. 3; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 11; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 54; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 8, El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Daum 1983, No. 4, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 101.1, 101.2; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, 80, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 14; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 19; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 256, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Central African Republic: cf. Fuchs 1961, 159ff.","A woman (queen) who has only sons gives birth to a daughter. The girl first devours the animals, then her brothers and parents, and finally the inhabitants of the village (city) [G30, G346]. Only one brother escapes. (Or: At a king's court every night someone devours horses. The elder princes who keep watch fail, but the youngest shoots the monster. He recognizes his baby sister as the cannibal because one of her fingers has been shot off. The youth is driven away [as a liar] or flees [sometimes together with his mother or elder sister].) The youth marries, gives his wife a life token, leaves his dogs (young lions, panther) behind, and returns home. He finds everything devastated. His sister devours his horse and threatens to devour him, too. While she is sharpening her teeth, the youth must play an instrument to prove he is still there. A mouse takes his place and he flees [B521]. The youth escapes and climbs three trees in succession which his sister gnaws down [R251]. Warned by the life token, his dogs come to save him and kill the cannibal sister [B524.1.2].",NA,"313, 314, 315, and 590."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,316,The Nix of the Mill-pond,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 175�178; BP III, 322�324; Scherf 1995 I, 339�342, II, 889�890, 912�914; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM 10 (2002) 42�48 (I. K�hler-Z�lch).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 65; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 22; Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 6 (1886) 113�121; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 10, Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 181, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 41; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, 128ff.; Hungarian: MNK II; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *316*; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Russian: cf. Afanas�ev/Barag et al. 1984f. II, No. 259; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 68; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1917, No. 52; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, Nos. 112, 115; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 4; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A poor fisherman (miller) (unwittingly) promises his son [S240] to a water nix [F420.1.2], who makes the fisherman wealthy. The parents keep the child away from the water. When the appointed time comes, the son learns about his father's promise and flees. On the way the youth divides the carcass of an animal among a lion, a falcon, and an ant (other animals) by taking the animals' characteristics into consideration. In return he receives from the grateful animals the power to transform himself into their shapes. Using this power he wins a princess as his wife. After winning a battle (while hunting) the youth comes near the water and is seized and pulled down (swallowed) by the water nix [F420.5.2.2]. By offering precious objects (three golden apples), his wife tempts the nix to the surface. In exchange for these objects the water nix exhibits her husband: first up to his head, then up to his waist. When the water nix exhibits the husband's whole body, he changes into a bird and escapes [R152, D642.2].","First documented in the 16th century by Straparola, Piacevoli notti (III,4).","302, 329, and 665."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,317,The Tree that Grows up to the Sky (previously The Stretching Tree),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 437f.; Solymossy 1930; D�m�t�r 1964; EM 1 (1977) 1381�1386 (�. Kov�cs); D�gh 1978; Kov�cs 1984; Scherf 1995 I, 597�601, 731�736; R�th 1998, No. 468.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; French: Delarue 1957; German: Hen�en 1959, No. 96; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 317, 468; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 247, 255, II, No. 448; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 152ff., Bolhar 1974, 70ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 411ff.; Polish: Bukowska-Grosse/Koschmieder 1967, No. 15; Jewish: Stephani 1998, No. 15; Gypsy: Erd�sz/Futaky 1996, No. 8, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, No. 468; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 2, IV, No. 13, XI, No. 10, XII, No. 9, XIII, No. 1.","(Including the previous Type 468.) In a king's yard a tree grows up to the sky [F54.1]. A dragon (giant) living in the tree carries off the princess. The king promises her as a wife to whoever can bring her back. In some variants, the king promises his daughter to whoever brings him healing fruits from the tree. After noble canditates have failed, a young swineherd succeeds in climbing the tree wearing iron boots [Q502.2]. In the upper world the youth guards the dragon's magic horse which tells him (he asks the princess to find out) where the dragon's power is hidden. The youth kills the dragon, returns to earth together with the princess, and marries her. In some variants, in the upper world the youth watches over the magic horses of a fairy (T'nd'r Ilona) who gives him clothes of copper, silver, and gold. The fairy falls in love and marries the youth. The youth enters a forbidden chamber [C611] and frees a dragon which carries off the fairy. Continuation as in Type 302C*.",Documented in the early 19th century.,"300, 302, 314, 400, and 551."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,318,The Faithless Wife,"BP IV, 96�98; Sydow 1930; Ranke 1934b, 113�130; Liungman 1946; Hor�lek 1964; Tubach 1969, No. 2840; EM 2 (1979) 925�940 (K. Hor�lek); Schwarzbaum 1982, 122; Hollis 1990; EM 7 (1993) 640�648 (C. Reents/I. K�hler-Z�lch); Scherf 1995 I, 132�138, II, 1244�1247, 1393�1396; R�th 1998, No. 590A (318); Hansen 2002, 332�352.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 18; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 318, 590A; Swedish: Liungman 1949ff., 73f., Liungman 1961, No. GS367; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. XII, No. 3, Kristensen 1898, No. 1; Icelandic: Boberg 1966, No. K2111; French: Luzel 1887 III, No. 6; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 590A; German: Plenzat 1927, 25, Hen�en 1955, No. 449, Hen�en 1963b, Nos. 12, 13, Berger 2001; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 101; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 318, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 41, D�m�t�r 2001, 276; Czech: Tille 1921, 293ff., Tille 1929ff. I, 212ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 200; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 44; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 315B*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 318, 590A, Koceva 2002, No. 590A; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 590A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 568; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 221; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, Nos. 199, 211, 240, MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 318, 590A, Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 318, 590A; Mongolian: cf. Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 590A; Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 318, 590A; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 36; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 318, 590A; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 590A.","(Including the previous Type 590A.) Introduction: Two brothers live together. The younger works for the elder, who is married. The wife attempts to seduce the younger brother but he refuses her. She complains to her husband that her brother-in-law attacked her [K2111]. The youth flees from his angry brother. In some variants, this part continues as follows: The fugitive is caught and castrated. After this he lives in a foreign city. A princess falls in love with him and marries him in spite of his mutilation. When the king learns of his son-in-law's defect, the latter has to flee. He is cured by a supernatural being and is able to return to his wife. Main part: A youth acquires magic objects, among them a magic gift (rusty sword, shirt that imparts strength) from a serpent which he rescued (by theft, by other means). Using these objects, he helps a king to be victorious and, in return, marries a princess. The princess has a lover [T232]. She persuades her husband to give her the magic objects (exchanges them) [K2213]. The husband is killed and, as he had requested, his dismembered body is loaded on his horse and carried to the serpent's castle. The dead youth is resuscitated (by the serpent) and given the power of self-transformation. As a horse with a golden mane he is sold to the king. The princess recognizes the horse as her former husband and orders that it be killed. (On his advice) a maidservant catches drops of its blood which turn into a tree with golden apples. The princess recognizes the tree as her former husband, and orders that it be felled. (On his advice) the maidservant throws a chip into a pond, where it turns into a golden drake [D610]. The lover, leaving the sword and shirt behind, tries to catch the drake. The drake becomes a man and uses his magic power to kill his rival and his treacherous wife. He marries the maidservant.","The introduction contains the motif of �Potiphar�s Wife� (Gen. 39,7�20). In some variants, this part is missing. The Egyptian Two Brothers Tale was documented in the 13th century B.C.E. That literary composition includes elements from three different tale-types, Types 302B, 318, and 870C*.","301, 302B, 303, 315, and 590."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,321,Eyes Recovered from Witch,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 432�436; EM 1 (1977) 998�1002 (�. D�m�t�r/�. Kov�cs); R�th 1998.","Estonian: Kallas 1900, No. 8; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 83ff.; Slovakian: Michel 1944, 174ff., Ga�par�kov� 1984, 70ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 18, ajkanovi 1934, No. 11, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 21; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 15, No. 1, Vujkov 1953, 152ff., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 2; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Schullerus/Brednich et al. 1977, 564ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Malinowski 1900, 70ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 45, Mode 1983ff. I, No. 15, MNK X 1; Abkhaz: Levin 1978, No. 7; Karachay: Levin 1978, No. 4; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 158; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Altaic: Radloff 1866ff. I, No. 5; Chadian: cf. Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 17.","A youth takes service as a herdsman with a blind man (couple) whose eyes have been stolen by one or more dragon(s) (giant, witch, fairy). The youth is warned not to take his flock to pasture beyond a certain point, but he disobeys. He meets a dragon and defeats it or tricks it. He retrieves the stolen eyes [D2161.3.1.1] or receives a magic remedy which enables him to cure the blind man.",First documented in the 19th century.,"300A, 301, 314A, 317, 592, 725, and 1159."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,322*,Magnetic Mountain Draws Everything to It,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 200f. No. 117; Lecouteux 1984; EM 9 (1999) 24�27 (C. Lecouteux).","Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Brunner/Wachinger 1986ff. IV, No. 1HeiM�/513; Hungarian: MNK II, Benedek 1989, 293ff.; Turkish: Lacroix 1848, 217ff.; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Iraqi, El-Shamy 1995 I, No. F754; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A king's ship is drawn to a magnetic mountain and smashed to pieces, and the king is washed ashore unconscious [F754]. Advised in a dream [D1814.2, F1068], the king finds a copper bow [D1091] with three lead arrows [D1092]. As instructed he climbs the mountain without looking back [C331] or speaking [C400] and shoots a copper rider off a copper horse in a temple with copper pillars. The rider falls into the sea, and the king buries the horse. The magnetic mountain begins to sink. A copper man arrives in a copper boat and rescues the king at the last moment. In some variants, the rescuer is a giant bird.",Rich literary tradition; only a few examples from oral tradition.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,325,The Magician and his Pupil,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 84ff. No. 252, VIII, 148 No. 147; Pol�vka 1898b; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 388, 556�558; BP II, 60�69; Cosquin 1922a, 469�612; Pol�vka 1929f. II, 1�108; Christiansen 1959, 246f.; Schwarzbaum 1968, 5�6, 90, 442; Scherf 1995 I, 110�113, 748�751, II, 868�871, 1096�1098, 1436�1441; Dekker et al. 1997, 368�371; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 110f.; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 118, 479; EM: Zauberer und Sch�ler (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 19, Jauhiainen 1998, No. D 271; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 59; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 23; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3000, Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, Nos. 255, 256, Kristensen 1890, No. 105, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 3; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 16, Briggs 1970f. A I, 162f., 347ff., B II, 614f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. D1719.1, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 102f., 103f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 19; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 68, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 35; Austrian: Haiding 1977a, No. 11; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 101, X, No. 4, XIV, 92; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 299, Tille 1929ff. I, 30; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 163, 214, 233, 304, II, No. 555; Slovene: Flere 1931, 132ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 8, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 30; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 19, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 6; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 27; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 493ff., III, 407f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, 9ff.; Greek: Karlinger 1979, No. 16, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 28, 29; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 169; Jewish: Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 58; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 106, 235; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 11, 39; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 4; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 325, cf. No. 325A; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 122.1., 371, 374; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 404 No. 132; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 325, cf. Nos. 325B, 325C, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Polynesian: Kirtley 1971, No. D1719.1; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 15; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 17; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 61�66, Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; African American: Dorson 1956, No. 29; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. D1719.1; Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff., I, No. 25; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 114; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 224, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 224, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese, Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004.","A father apprentices his son to a magician [D1711.0.1]. In order for the son to be released at the end of the apprenticeship, the father has to recognize him [H62.1, H161]. The youth secretly learns how to practice magic and flees, or his father identifies him among a flock of identical doves (other birds) with the help of tokens which the son (an old man) had given to him. The son is released. The father sells the youth successively as a greyhound, an ox, and a horse, but the son tells him not to sell the things that bind them (leash, yoke, bridle). Thus father and son become wealthy [D612, K252]. But at last the youth as a horse returns to the magician's influence because, contrary to instructions, the father let the magician take the bridle. So the youth loses his power and is tormented by the magician [C837]. Finally the youth succeeds in removing the bridle. He conquers the magician in a transformation combat (they change themselves into hare, fish, bird, etc.)and escapes [D722, D615.2]. At last, transformed into a ring (apple, etc.), he falls into a princess's lap. When the magician asks for the ring, the princess throws it away and grains of corn fall on the ground. The magician as a rooster is about to eat the corn, but the youth becomes a fox and bites off the rooster's head [L142.2]. He marries the princess.","Parts of the tale can be found in Ovid�s Metamorphoses (VIII,871�875). The first complete version appears in the 16th century in Straparola, Piacevoli notti (VIII,4).","313, 314, 400, and 945."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,325*,The Sorcerer's Apprentice (previously Apprentice and Ghost),"BP II, 60�66; Cock 1919, 224�271; HDS (1961�63) 701�707; Dekker et al. 1997, 368�371; Hansen 2002, 35�38.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 479, Jauhiainen 1998, No. D81; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3020; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. B I, 534f.; English: Ehrentreich 1938, No. 20, Briggs 1970f. A I, 411f., B I, 135f., B II, 622; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, 101 No. 751; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 202; Flemish: Linden 1979, 42f., Berg 1981, No. 180; German: Peuckert 1964ff. II, Nos. 725, 935�938, 940�942, Petschel 1975ff. IVa, No. 3324, Berger 2001; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 60f., 99, 200, 209f., 571, II, 115, 159, 611, 635, 733, 836f., 862, 871, III, 20f., 623; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 434f., 525f.; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 518; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. II, No. 3020; Spanish-American: TFSP 30 (1961) 255f.","A sorcerer's apprentice who reads a verse from a forbidden book calls up a spirit, but cannot make him go away. When the sorcerer reads the verse backwards, the spirit disappears.",NA,"313, 1172."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,325**,Sorcerer Punished,,"Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 342; Byelorussian: SUS; Jordanian: Jahn 1970, No. 26.",A sorcerer who committed evil deeds (e.g. killed a farmer's sheep) is punished by another sorcerer (e.g. he is bewitched and grows a tail).,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,326,The Youth Who Wanted to Learn What Fear Is,"BP I, 22�37, III, 537f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 300�302 (S. Singer); Christiansen 1959, 247f.; EM 5 (1987) 584�593 (H. R�lleke); Horning Marshall 1995; Scherf 1995 I, 321f., II, 821�825; Dekker et al. 1997, 46f.; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 112�114.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 20; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 60a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 61, Kristensen 1890, Nos. 101, 103, Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 22; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 204ff.; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 171, 251, 252, 256, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 7, 25, 112, 113; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 4, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, Nos. 30, 80, cf. Berger 2001, No. 326E*; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 59, Haiding 1969, No. 174; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. X, 627 No. 15; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 48; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 193ff., 460ff., II 1, 103ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 30, 188, 220, 303, 324, II, Nos. 381, 532; Slovene: Byhan 1958, 129ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 54, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 32, 33, 136, Eschker 1992, No. 30; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 20; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 326, cf. Nos. *3261, *3262, Koceva 2002, No. 326, cf. Nos. *3261, *3262; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 30; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 284; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 140f., 350, 395f., 404, MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Syrian, Iraqi, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 162, El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Daviault 1940, No. 16, Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 28, IV, No. 13, VI, Nos. 28, 35, IX, No. 3, XI, No. 1, XVII, No. 1; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 247�249, 33 (1966) 107, 34 (1967) 109f., Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; African American: Dorson 1958, Nos. 40, 101; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 326*A; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 19; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Nos. 326, 326*A; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 1028, 2190; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.7.326.","A youth (fool) who does not know what fear is goes to find it [H1376.2]. He tries various frightening experiences without becoming afraid [H1400]: He is shaved by a barber-ghost [E571], spends the night under a gallows [H1415] or in a haunted castle [E281], plays with dead persons (bowling [E577.3], cards [E577.2]), etc. Through his fearless behavior he disenchants a castle (wins a treasure, a promised princess) [Q82]. The youth finally learns what fear is when cold water is thrown on him [H1441], fishes are put into his bed while he is asleep [H1441.1], birds fly into his face, his cut-off head is put on backwards, etc. Sometimes sexual: he finds a woman in his bed.","Documented in the 16th century by Straparola, Piacevoli notti (IV,5).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, and also 328, 330, 400, 505, 563, 569, 650A, 1061, 1159, 1535, and 1640."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,326A*,Soul Released from Torment,,"Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 159, 200f., 308ff., B I, 434ff., 597f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 280ff., 545ff.; French: Tegethoff 1923 II, No. 14; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 147, 149�152, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 326, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 5a; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 245, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 30; Ladinian: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 407f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Croatian: Stojanovi 1867, No. 10; Bulgarian: cf. BFP, No. *326A**; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Byelorussian: cf. SUS, Nos. 326E*, 326J*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978, No. 326E*; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 326A, 326B, 326C, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 16, 88, 89, 97; Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican, Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 326*A.","A poor soldier spends a night in a haunted house to earn a reward. He is not afraid of dragging chains, cries, falling limbs, etc. The soldier releases a restless spirit from punishment by his fearless behavior (by giving its ill-gotten gains to charity). He discovers a treasure (and may keep part of it for himself).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,326B*,The Youth and the Corpse (previously The Fearless Youth),,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 380; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 48, 63, 249; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 48.","A fearless youth carries a corpse (several corpses), frightens some robbers by pretending to eat it [K335.1.10], and takes away their booty. Using the corpse, he overpowers evil spirits, frees a princess, and marries her. Cf. Type 1653.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327,The Children and the Ogre,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 26 No. 197, VIII, 39f. No. 8A; Belmont 1973, 55�69, 81f.; Galley 1977; Goldberg 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 480; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 327ABC; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 154f., 400ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 400ff., 522f., A II, 546f.; French: cf. Delarue 1956, 322ff., Massignon 1968, No. 50; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, No. 327C; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Meyer 1932, Neumann 1971, No. 70; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 68; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 42; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 I; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 215, 255, 317, II, Nos. 485, 555; Slovene: Zupanc 1956, 68f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 34; Greek: Thrakika 17 (1942) 128f.; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 327E; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 288 III 3 (var. e); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 314, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 59, 60; Chuvash, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 83, 84, 213, 215; Tadzhik: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 25; Palestinian, Jordanian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: cf. Riftin et al. 1977, No. 21, Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 285; Indonesian: cf. Vries 1925f. I, No. 3; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, No. 14, Lemieux 1974ff. XV, No. 11; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Carri�re 1937, No. 20; Mexican: Wheeler 1943, No. 64; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 20; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, Nos. 14, 24; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4087; South African: Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 3.2.327, 3.2.327A, 3.2.327B.","This type refers to a cycle of related tales. It combines episodes from types 327A, 327B, and 327C.",NA,"300, 313, 314, 314A*, 328, 700, and 1875."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327A,Hansel and Gretel,"Cosquin 1910; BP I, 115�126; EM 6 (1990) 498�509 (W. Scherf); B�hm-Korff 1991; Scherf 1995 I, 271f., 306�309, 372�374, 548�554, 719�721, II, 774f., 856�860, 902f., 909�912, 1168�1171; Dekker et al. 1997, 158�161; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Goldberg 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 21; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 56c(2,9), 57a; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 327ABC; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 20, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 38; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 194, 195, 203, 267, 269, 270, 277, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 20; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 15, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 8, Berger 2001; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 25; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 69, 81; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 381ff., II 1, 213ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 3; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 169, II, Nos. 395, 414; Slovene: Krek 1885, 53; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 35, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 383; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 20; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 485ff., III, 406f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 31; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 17; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Chuvash, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 184; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 184, El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 133; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 16; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 357ff.; Spanish-American: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Colombian: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, Nos. 5�7, 19; Peruvian: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 232ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 21; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 184, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 184; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 167, 184, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1030; Malagasy: Haring 1982.","A (poor) father (persuaded by the stepmother) abandons his children (a boy and a girl) in the forest [S321, S143]. Twice the children find their way back home, following scattered pebbles [R135]. On the third night, birds eat the scattered peas (bread-crumbs) [R135.1]. The children come upon a gingerbread house which belongs to a witch (ogress) [G401, F771.1.10, G412.1]. She takes them into her house. The boy is fattened [G82], while the girl must do housework. The witch asks the boy to show his finger in order to test how fat he is [G82.1], but he shows her a bone (stick) [G82.1.1]. When the witch wants to cook the boy, the sister deceives her by feigning ignorance and pushes her into the oven [G526, G512.3.2]. (The witch's son finds out that his mother has been killed and pursues the children.) The children escape, carrying the witch's treasure with them. Birds and beasts (angels) help them across water. They return home. Cf. Type 327.","This type first appears 1698 (Madame d�Aulnoy, Finette Cendron). Introductory parts of this type first appear in the late 16th century (Montanus, Gartengesellschaft, No. 5).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327B, 327C, 328, and also 300, 303, 310, 313, 315, 407, 450, 510A, 511, 1119, and 1121."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327B,The Brothers and the Ogre (previously The Dwarf and the Giant),"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 195f., 467�469, 546�551; BP I, 124�126, 499�501, II, 77�79; Hagen 1954; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Soriano 1968, 180�189; EM 2 (1979) 268�270 (H. Lixfeld), 3 (1981) 360�365 (M. Meraklis); Scherf 1995 I, 237�240, 682�685; EM 8 (1996) 268�270 (B. Kerbelyt); Dekker et al. 1997, 185�187; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 21f.; Goldberg 2003a.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 22, 25; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 57e, 58(5); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 62; Livonian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 327ABC; Scottish, Irish: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, Nos. 260, 270, 278, II, No. 565, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 200; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 34; Austrian: Haiding 1977a, No. 15; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 162ff., 172ff., 224, Tille 1929ff. II 1, 170ff., II 2, 195ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 317; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 35, 36; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 327B, cf. No. 327B*; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 160, 161 III, 288 IV; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 61; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 6; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 79; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: cf. Vries 1925f. II, 405 No. 149; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 17, 18; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 357ff.; US-American, African American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 18; Spanish-American: TFSP 25 (1953) 217�219, Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 237ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 197, El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 47; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1031; Malagasy: Haring 1982.","Seven (three, twelve, thirty) brothers come to an ogre's house, where they are given night lodging. The ogre intends to cut off the brothers's heads. In order to recognize his own daughters, the ogre gives them nightcaps (head-scarves). One brother (often the youngest, Thumbling) detects the plan, and all brothers put on the nightcaps of the ogre's daughters (exchange their caps for the daughters' head-scarves, change sleeping-places with the daughters). In the night, the ogre cuts off his own daughters' heads by mistake [K1611]. The brothers escape. Cf. Types 327, 1119.","The oral tradition is widely influenced by Charles Perrault, Le Petit poucet.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, 328, 531, 1119, and also 301, 303A, 313, 314, 327C, and 1121."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327C,The Devil (Witch) Carries the Hero Home in a Sack,"Toporkov 1903; BP I, 115�126; Hen�en 1953, 93�95; EM 7 (1993) 777�780 (B. Kerbelyt); Scherf 1995 I, 611�614, II, 856�860, 1036�1039; Dekker et al. 1997, 168f.; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Gliwa 2003; Goldberg 2003b.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 23; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 57b, II, No. 202b(19); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1975, No. 8; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 327ABC; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Jacobs 1898, 164ff., Briggs 1970f. A I, 228f., 322f.; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, Nos. 17, 18; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, Nos. 1a�d; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, 1976; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. I; Swiss: Gerstner-Hirzel 1979, No. 246; Italian: Aprile 2000 I; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1984, 77f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 10; Greek: Laogr�phia 11 (1934�37) 465ff., 468ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 327C,F; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 160 IV 6, 161 (3�6); Jewish: Jason 1975; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 217ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: cf. Marzolph 1984, No. *311; Indian: Jason 1989; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, 89f.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992, 396�399; Congolese: Klipple 1992, 144f.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 856; South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 857.","A witch (ogre) entices a boy (conceived by magic, Thumbling) into her bag and carries him away (from his home). By deceiving the witch (putting stones, thorns, mud, etc. in his place), the boy is able to escape twice from the bag. The third time, the witch carries him to her home. He is to be killed by the witch's daughter. The boy tricks the daughter (by making her show him how he should prepare to be killed [G526]), throws her into a pot (burns her in the oven), and serves her as a meal to her family [G61]. He taunts the witch, kills her, and returns home (sometimes with the witch's treasure).",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, and also 327B, 327F, 327G, 328, 700, 1119, and 1121."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327D,The Kiddelkaddelkar,"Scherf 1995 I, 20�22.","German: M�llenhoff 1845, No. 18, Meyer 1925a, 19ff., 21ff., Ranke 1955ff. I; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 27, 28; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 20, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 9; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, 164f.; Turkish: Spies 1967, No. 32; Jewish: Jason 1965; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 2; Saudi Arabian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. G526; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 409 No. 244; Mexican: Robe 1973; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; West African: Nassau 1914, No. 12.","A boy and a girl lose their way in a forest and come to the house of an ogre. The wife protects the children, but the ogre discovers them and intends to hang them. The girl persuades the ogre to show them how it is done. Hanging himself, the ogre begs to be released and promises the children his 'kiddelkaddelkar', a magic cart pulled by (golden) bucks, and much treasure. The children flee and on the way ask three men not to reveal their route. The third man is so much frightened by the ogre that he betrays the children, who hide in a cave. The ogre, not suspecting the children's presence, lies down to sleep and blocks the way out. The children kill him but cannot leave the cave for three nights until a giant bird eats the ogre's corpse. Then they return to their parents with the ogre's treasure.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327F,The Witch and the Fisher Boy,"BP I, 42; Hen�en 1953, 93�95; EM 6 (1990) 992�994 (B. Kerbelyt); Scherf 1995 I, 388�391; Gliwa 2003.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz 1894 I, 32ff., 111f., Kerbelyt 1978, No. 33, Dovydaitis 1987, Nos. 32, 33, 35; Slovakian: Nedo 1972, No. 17; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 327C,F; Palestinian, Jordanian, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1999, No. 1, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Jahn 1970, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004.","By imitating the words and voice of his mother who brings him food to the shore each day, a witch tries to catch a fisher boy. She succeeds after she has her tongue made thin by a smith [F556.2, K1832], and carries the boy to her home. When the witch's daughter tries to bake the boy, he pushes her into the oven [G526, G512.3.2]. The boy hides in a tree and tells the witch that she has eaten her own daughter (witch finds the daughter's ring or hair). He is discovered. The witch fells the tree, but at the last moment birds rescue the boy (he makes wings for himself), and he flies home (the witch is trampled by animals, or she bursts while trying to drink the boy's image reflected in the water).",NA,"327A�327C, and 327G."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,327G,The Brothers at the Witch's House (previously The Boy at the Devil's [Witch's] House),,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 24; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 57c; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Norwegian: Opedal 1965, No. 29; Bulgarian: cf. BFP; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Russian: Zelenin 1914, No. 86.","A witch (devil) catches three brothers ' one of them a fool ' and fattens them. Her youngest daughter is to roast one of them. The fool pretends he does not know how to lie on the bread paddle and roasts the daughter, whom the old witch eats unwittingly. The same happens to the other two daughters [G512.3.2.1]. Then the fool kills the old witch and the three brothers make their way home carrying the witch's corpse. They climb a tree under which they see robbers. The fool drops the witch's corpse, the robbers flee, and the brothers take all their booty [K335.1.2.1]. Cf. Type 1653.",NA,"327A�327C, 328, 1119, and 1653."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,328,The Boy Steals the Ogre's Treasure,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 305�308, 383, 546�551; BP III, 33�37; HDM 1 (1930�33) 366�368 (C. Voretzsch); Hartmann 1936, 178f.; Haiding 1966; EM 3 (1981) 149�156 (K. Ranke); Scherf 1995 I, 237�240, 454�458, 458�462, 519�521, 528�530, 856�860, II, 1028�1030, 1065�1067, 1290�1294, 1328�1330; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 25; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 58; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 248, Kristensen 1881ff. I, Nos. 18, 19, IV, No. 43; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 9, Briggs 1970f. A I, 400ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, No. 328A, Briggs 1970f. A I, 224f., 321, 329ff., 400ff.; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, Nos. 21, 51, Cardigos (forthcoming); Walloon: cf. Laport 1932, No. 569A; German: Ranke 1955ff. I; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 42; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 58, 69; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 224, Tille 1929ff. II 1, 206ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 105, II, No. 476; Slovene: Kocbek 1926, 37ff.; Serbian: Pani-Surep 1964, No. 10; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 461A*; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, 9ff.; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 160; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 322, 324f., Mode 1983ff. II, No. 141, MNK X 1; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 6; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 184, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian, Jordanian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 184; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 17, 18; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1926, 427ff., Lemieux 1974ff. IV, No. 2, XI, No. 4, XII, No. 8, XIII, No. 11, XX, No. 9; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 328A, 328C, Burrison 1989, 148f.; Spanish-American: TFSP 34 (1967) 201, Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 328, 328**B; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 328*A; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 184, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Corvetto). Introduction (sometimes missing): Three (twelve, thirteen, thirty, etc.)brothers arrive at the house of an ogre (devil). He would kill them in the night, but the smart youngest brother saves them by exchanging their caps with those of the ogre's daughters. (Cf. Types 327B, 1119.) The brothers take service at the king's court. Main part: The jealous brothers claim that the youngest can steal the ogre's treasures [H1151, H911]: magic horse [H1151.9], bedspread, carpet, parrot (lamp, sword [D1400.1.4.1], silver or golden poultry, musical instruments [D1233], etc.). Using tricks the youth gets these objects. Cf. Types 1525, 1525A. At last the brothers claim that the youngest can kidnap the ogre himself [H1172]. In disguise the youth tells the ogre that the thief died and persuades him to lie down in the coffin to measure it [G514.1]. The youth nails up the coffin, traps the ogre, and is given a princess as his wife. In some variants, the youth sets out to steal from the ogre in order to get revenge for former ill-treatment [G610.1] or to help a friendly king [G610.3]. In some variants, mainly from northern and north-western Europe and the Americas, the protagonist is female.","Documented in the 17th century by Basile, Pentamerone (III,7).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, 327B, 327C, 531, 1119, and also 303A, 314, 326, 327, 1121, 1122, and 1137."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,328*,Three Giants with One Eye (previously A Boy Guards the King's Garden),EM 6 (1990) 84.,"Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 24; Norwegian: Kvideland 1977, No. 58; Danish: Kamp 1877, 1ff.; Spanish: Childers 1977, No. G121.1.2*; German: Meyer 1921, 26ff.; Gypsy: MNK X 1.",Two brothers lose their way in a forest (a son leaves his parents' house and takes a rest while walking through a forest). They are threatened by three giants (trolls) who share only one eye which they put by turns into their foreheads [G121.1]. The brothers steal the giants'eye [G612] and give it back in exchange for a rich reward of gold and silver (magic gifts).,NA,"300, 530."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,328A,Jack and the Beanstalk,"BP II, 511�513; Desmonde 1965; Humphreys 1965; Wolfenstein 1965; EM 2 (1979) 587; Opie/Opie 1980, 211�226; MacDonald 1982, No. F54.2.1.1*; Scherf 1995 I, 620�627; Goldberg 2001.","Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 328; English: Baughman 1966, No. 328B; German: Benzel 1962, No. 165; Hungarian: Kov�cs 1943 II, No. 74; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 328; Australian: Jacobs 1898, 59ff., Baughman 1966, No. 328B, Briggs 1970f. A I, 316ff.; French-Canadian: Barbeau/Lanctot 1926, 427ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 328B; West Indies: Beckwith 1924, No. 114; South African: cf. Grobbelaar 1981, No. 328.","A poor boy named Jack trades his cow for some beans (his mother finds a bean while sweeping the house). One of the beans grows into a giant beanstalk [F54.2], which Jack climbs to an upper world where he finds the house of a giant. The giant's wife gives him food and hides him when her husband comes home. The giant smells human flesh [G84] but his wife tells him he is mistaken [G532]. The giant eats dinner, counts his money, and then falls asleep. Jack steals the money and runs home down the beanstalk. He makes two more trips, stealing the giant's hen that lays golden eggs [B103.2.1] and his self-playing harp [D1601.18]. The third time, the harp cries out and awakens the giant, who runs after Jack. Jack reaches the bottom of the beanstalk and chops it down. The giant falls to his death, and Jack and his mother have plenty of money.",The beanstalk as a ladder to the sky appears in an English tale from the early 18th century. The first version of the type is from 1807. Popular as a children book.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,328A*,"Three Brothers Steal Back the Sun, Moon, and Star",,"Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1984, 78ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 384ff.; Ukrainian: Mykytiuk 1979, No. 6; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974.","Three brothers go out to retrieve the sun, the moon, and the stars which were stolen by three multi-headed dragons (devils). One of the brothers (often the son of a she-dog) defeats the dragons and releases the celestial lights. Cf. Type 300A.",NA,"300A, 302, and 513A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,329,Hiding from the Princess (previously Hiding from the Devil),"BP III, 365�369; Hartmann 1953; Propp 1987, 408�411; Scherf 1995 I, 530�534, 627�629, 637�642, 656�658, II, 860�863, 1145�1147; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Versteckwette (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 26; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Grundtvig 1954ff. I, No. 2; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 191; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 120, II, No. 453; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 21; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 10, Vrainovski 1986, No. 8, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 55; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 329, 329A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 64; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 62, 63; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 8; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Chuvash: Paasonen et al. 1949, 175ff.; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1952, 64ff.; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 105f., 123f., 397f.; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 25; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. II, No. 21, XII, No. 10; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 108ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, Nos. 30, 31, Pino Saavedra 1967, No. 10, Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A princess promises to marry whoever can hide himself so well that she cannot find him [H321]. Those who fail are beheaded (heads are displayed on stakes) [H901.1]. A (poor) youth (youngest of three brothers) undertakes the task. Because he had helped some animals (an old man), a fish hides him in his belly, an eagle behind the clouds (the sun), and a fox under the earth [D684, H982]. The princess finds him with her magic mirror (magic book) or her perfect sight. The princess gives the youth a fourth trial: He hides behind the magic mirror (under the princess's seat) or transforms himself (is transformed) and sits as a louse (sticks as a rose) in her hair, etc. [D641]. The princess cannot find him, so she grants his superiority and marries him.",NA,"301, 302, and 531."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,330,The Smith and the Devil (previously The Smith Outwits the Devil),"Krauss 1891; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 103�105, 303; W�nsche 1905b; BP I, 342�346, II, 149�163, 163�189, III, 303�305; Wesselski 1938; Meyer 1942, 51�75; Schwarzbaum 1968, 95; Lox 1990; Coto 1992; Scherf 1995 II, 1033�1036; Dekker et al. 1997, 330�334; R�th 1998; Palleiro 2000; Hansen 2002, 405�408; EM: Schmied und Teufel (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 481, Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. E6, Q1; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 62, 163(1); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 330A, 330B; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 330A, 330B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 330A, 330B, II, No. 330; Lappish, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 330B; Lydian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 330AB; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 330, 330B; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, Nos. 29, 32, III, No. 39, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 14; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 330A; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966, No. 330A; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 221, 407, 493f., 574f., B I, 92f., B II, 439; French: Seignolle 1946, Nos. 61�63, Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 330A�330C, 330*, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 330A, 330B, 330D; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 330A, 330B, 330D; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 330, 330A�330D; Portuguese: Pedroso 1985, No. 48, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 330, 330A, 330B, 330D; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 330, 330A, 330B, 330D, 330*, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 118; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 330, 330A�330C, 330*, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; Walloon: Laport 1932, Nos. 330, 330CD; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 918; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 81, 82, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 7, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 221a, 221b, 222, Berger 2001, Nos. 330, 330B, 330*; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 42; Austrian: Haiding 1969, No. 20; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 20, 48, X, No. 20; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 330*, Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 330, 330A, 330B; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, No. 27, cf. No. 22, Massignon 1963, Nos. 1, 37, 57; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 330, 330A, 330B, 330D; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 504f., 512, 590ff., 599f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 20, 33, 167, 197, 212, 222, 223, 240, 270, 274, II, Nos. 488, 517, 522, 531; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 143ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 30, 31, Eschker 1992, No. 28; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 22, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, Nos. 19, 21, Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, Nos. 22, 33, 42; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 330A, 330B, B�rlea 1966 I, 505ff., III, 408f., Stroescu 1969 II, Nos. 4736, 4842; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 330, 330D, cf. No. *330B*, Koceva 2002, No. 330, cf. No. *330B*; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 33; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 330A, 330B; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 330A, 330B; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 330A, 330B, 330D*; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 428ff., MNK X 1, Nos. 330, 330A, 330B, 330D; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 330B, Sabitov 1989, No. 330D*; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 330B; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 330A; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 176ff.; Indian: Jason 1989, No. 330A; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 330A; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 330A; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 100; English-American: Fauset 1931, No. 109, Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 19; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1916, Nos. 22, 23, Barbeau 1917, No. 69, Lemieux 1974ff. III, No. 20, X, No. 9, XIV, No. 7; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 330A, 330B; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 10�13, 27 (1957) 87f., 30 (1961) 241f., Robe 1973, Nos. 330, 330*, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 330A�330C, 330*; African American: Dorson 1967, No. 75; Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, No. 330A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 330A, 330B; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, Nos. 330, 330A, 330D; Colombian, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 330A; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 22; West Indies: Flowers 1953; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. 800.0.1, Grobbelaar 1981.","(Bonhomme Mis're.) (Including the previous Types 330A'D and 330*.) A smith, who because of poverty (other reasons) sold his soul to the devil (death) [M211], gives shelter to Christ and St. Peter during their visit on earth [K1811]. In reward, three of his wishes shall be fulfilled [Q115] (cf. Type 750A). St. Peter warns him to wish for a place in paradise, but the smith wants a tree and a bench (chair) to which people stick and a knapsack that draws people into it [J2071, D1413.1, D1413.5, D1412.1] (a pack of cards with which he shall always win [N221], etc.). Cf. Type 753A. When the devil (death) is about to carry the smith away, he sticks to the bench and the tree and has to give the smith more time to live (terminate the contract), or no one would be able to die [Z111.2]. At last the devil is put into the sack and beaten up (on the anvil) [K213]. The smith, tired of life, cannot go either to heaven or to hell [Q565]. He tricks St. Peter by pushing his knapsack into heaven, where it pulls him in [K2371.1.3] (throws his cards inside the gate of heaven and is permitted inside to pick them up). In some variants the trickster-protagonist is an allegorical figure (e.g. Misery, Envy, Poverty) who traps the devil in a tree until the devil promises him immortality. Then he sets the devil free. (Previously Type 330D.)",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 326, 332, 592, 753, 785, 804B, and 1159."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,331,The Spirit in the Bottle,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 23ff. No. 195; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 140, 417, 585; BP II, 414�422; HDA 2 (1929/30) 1573�1577 (C. Mengis); HDM 2 (1934�40) 449�451 (K. Schulte-Kemminghausen); Hor�lek 1967b; Schwarzbaum 1968, 95, 113, 261f., 264f.; EM 5 (1987) 922�928 (K. Hor�lek); Uther 1987; Scherf 1995 I, 407�409, 462�465; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 8.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 29; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 63; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 61; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 577ff.; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 99, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 6; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 87; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 30ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 490; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 334ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, No. 10; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, Nos. 331, 331*A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 6, Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Lebanese, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978 (Addenda); Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Barbeau 1919, No. 82, Lemieux 1974ff. XXI, No. 17; Spanish-American: TFSP 12 (1935) 68�72, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Costa Rican: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 362, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 362; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 2455; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1035.","A man (son of a woodcutter, smith, fisherman, soldier) frees an evil spirit from a vessel (bottle) out of curiosity (because he was asked by the spirit) [R181]. The spirit (which stretches out to an enormous height,) wants to take revenge for being locked for so long, and threatens to kill his rescuer. The man tricks the spirit: He pretends he does not believe that the spirit could grow small again and thus induces him to go back into the vessel [K717]. The man stoppers the bottle and the spirit is trapped. In some variants, he is released again in return for a gift (wonderful remedy, magic power [D1240, D2102]). Cf. Types 155, 735A.",Oriental origin (Jewish and Arabian). First documented in Europe in the Middle Ages.,"155, 330, and 332."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,332,Godfather Death,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 37ff. No. 365, VI, 183f. No. 349; Bolte 1894; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 291f.; BP I, 377�388; Basset 1924ff. III, 558 No. 341; HDM 2 (1934�40) 615�620 (R. T. Christiansen); Christiansen 1959, 249; Schwarzbaum 1968, 30, 108�111, 320, 462; Tubach 1969, Nos. 628, 1470; EM 5 (1987) 1224�1233 (E. Moser-Rath); �mahelov� 1987; Scherf 1995 I, 495�499, 729�731, II, 1207f.; Richter 1997; Dekker et al. 1997, 101�103; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 115f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 30; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 64; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 332, II, No. 332A*; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1884, 3ff., Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 17, Kristensen 1900, No. 43, cf. No. 42; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Aitken/Michaelis-Jena 1965, No. 60; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 332, 332A*, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 332A*; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 332, 332A*, 332B*, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 332, 332A*; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 23, Pedroso 1985, No. 46, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 332, 332B*; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 121, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 42, 44, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 12, Berger 2001, Nos. 332, 332A*, 332A**; Austrian: Haiding 1977, No. 248; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 79; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 95ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 93, 164, 253, 270; Slovene: Trinkov koledar (1968) 111ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, Nos. 32, 194, cf. No. 115, ajkanovi 1934, No. 14, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 37, 38; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 23, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 7, Ga�l/Neweklowsky 1983, No. 46; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 188; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 332, 332A*, B�rlea 1966 I, 527ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 332, cf. Nos. 332A, *332B, *332C, Koceva 2002, No. 332, cf. Nos. 332A, *332B; Albanian: Jarn�k 1890ff., 264f.; Greek: Laogr�phia 4 (1912/13) 713f., 15 (1953) 418f., 17 (1957) 110�112, 137f., 146f., Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 34; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 112; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 18, 112; Jason 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Iraqi, Qatar, Kuwaiti, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 176ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: Baughman 1966, Perdue 1987, No. 17; Spanish-American: TSFP 9 (1931) 70f., Baughman 1966, Robe 1973, Nos. 332, 332*I, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 332, 332A*; Mexican: Robe 1973, Nos. 332, 332*I, Costa Rican: Robe 1973, Nos. 332, 332*I; Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 437ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 23; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 59, 59a; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 17, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 332A* and 332B*.) A poor man with many children wants a (just) godfather for his newborn son. He refuses God (saint, devil) and chooses death (angel of death, plague) because he treats everyone alike [Z111, J486]. As a gift the father (son) receives the magic power of forecasting recovery or death, depending on whether death stands at the head or the foot of the sick person's bed [D1825.3.1]. Thus the man becomes a famous doctor and grows wealthy. The doctor betrays death (several times): When promised wealth (the princess), the doctor turns the bed and thus saves the life of a person who was supposed to die [K557] (in the doctor's dying hour, death grants him time to say a last Paternoster, but the doctor does not finish the prayer [K551.1] ' cf. Type 1199. Death tricks the doctor into finishing the prayer.) In some variants, death shows the man his life-light in the underworld and suddenly extinguishes it [E765.1.3, K551.9]. Or the man attempts to lengthen his life by various means (usually without success). (Previously Type 332A*.) Cf. Type 1187.",Documented in the 14th century.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 1199, and also 326, 330, 331, 334, 1164, and 1187."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,332C*,Immortality Won through Betrayal of Death,,"Estonian: cf. Loorits 1959, No. 82; German: Preu� 1912, 23ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 63c; Slovakian: cf. Ga�par�kov� 1984, 84.","This tale exists in two different forms: (1) An old soldier becomes the doorkeeper for heaven. Death asks him several times whom he should take next. God wants death to take the old people (then people in the middle of their life, then young people in succession). However, the doorkeeper wants to save his parents (wife, children), so he tells death instead to fell firs (beech-trees, oaks). God discovers this deception and shows death whom he should take next. Thus the soldier and his relatives are reunited in heaven. (In some variants, the soldier is banished to hell. Here he delivers a number of souls from purgatory and is chased away. Cf. Type 475.) (2) A prince wants to gain immortality. He travels through three different kingdoms, in which the rulers have to perform tasks which must be finished within 600 (800, 1000) years (pulling out a tree, carrying off a mountain, wearing out thousands of sewing needles). During this time death has lost his power. Each time the prince is given magic objects and asked to stay, but he travels on. Finally he arrives at the empire of immortality. After a thousand years he goes to look for his parents. The queen of immortality gives him water of life which he uses to resuscitate the deceased rulers of the three kingdoms. The prince, finding no trace of his former home and family, returns. Pursued by death, he reaches the border of the empire of immortality. In a contest with death, the queen of immortality wins the prince and they live together forever.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,333,Little Red Riding Hood (previously The Glutton),"BP I, 37�42, 234�237; Taylor 1953; Hagen 1954; Rumpf 1958; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Belmont 1973, 35�51, 80f.; EM 2 (1979) 1179�1182 (M. Rumpf); Mieder 1982; Zipes 1982; Jones 1987; Dundes 1989; Rumpf 1989; Zipes 1989; Jacopin 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 289�291, 348�350, 687�689, II, 928�930, 996�999, 1147�1149,1237�1240; Dekker et al. 1997, 308�312; R�th 1998; Mamiya 1999; Schmidt 1999; Anderson 2000, 92�97; Ritz 2000; Uther 2002a; EM 11,2 (2004) 854�868 (C. Shojaei Kawan).","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. II, No. 404; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1921; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 322, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 119; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Briggs 1970f. A I, 234; French: Delarue 1957; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Tomkowiak 1993, 313, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 26, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 9; Italian: Aprile 2000 II, Nos. 333, 333A; Sardinian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovene: Vrtec 5 (1875) 17ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 333, *4802, Koceva 2002, Nos. 333, *4802; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 333A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 411; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Jordanian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; US-American: Baughman 1966, WF 40 (1981) 238f.; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3952 (6); South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","(Petit Chaperon Rouge, Cappuccetto rosso, Rotk'ppchen.) (Including the previous Type 333A.) A little girl, called 'Red Riding Hood' because of her red cap, is sent to her grandmother who lives in the forest and is warned not to leave the path [J21.5]. On the way she meets a wolf. The wolf learns where the girl is going, hurries on ahead, and devours the grandmother (puts her blood in a glass and her flesh in a pot). He puts on her clothes and lies down in her bed. Red Riding Hood arrives at the grandmother's house. (She has to drink the blood, eat the flesh, and lie down in the bed.) Red Riding Hood doubts whether the wolf is her grandmother and asks him about his odd big ears [Z18.1], eyes, hands, and mouth. Finally the wolf eats Red Riding Hood [K2011]. A hunter kills the wolf and cuts open his belly. Red Riding Hood and the grandmother are rescued alive [F913]. They fill the wolf's belly with stones [Q426]; he is drowned or falls to his death. Cf. Types 123, 2028. In some variants Red Riding Hood arrives at the grandmother's house before the wolf. The wolf climbs on the roof to wait until Red Riding Hood leaves. The Grandmother who had boiled sausages asks Red Riding Hood to fill the broth into a big trough in front of the house. Enticed by the smell, the wolf falls from the roof and is drowned in the trough. In an Italian version, a woman who is going to bake cakes sends out her daughter (Caterinella, Caterina, Cattarinetta) to borrow a pan. The lender, an ogre (witch, wolf), asks the girl to bring back some cakes and wine. On her way she eats the cakes, drinks the wine, and replaces them with horse-dung and urine. Angry about the trick, the ogre pursues the girl home and devours her (is not able to get into the house, is tricked out by the girl's mother). (Previously Type 333A.)",Documented in the late 17th century by Charles Perrault.,123.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,334,Household of the Witch,"BP I, 42, 375�377; HDM 2 (1934�40) 224f. (A. Semrau); Hen�en 1953, 93�95; Scherf 1987, esp. 25�69, 135�139, 269�290; EM 6 (1990) 617�620 (B. Kerbelyt); R�th 1998; Zitzlsperger 2001.","Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 333B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 333B, 334; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 333B; Catalan: Meier/Karlinger 1961, No. 63; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, 272f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, Nos. 42, 43, Berger 2001, No. 333B*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 333B; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 159ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 4; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 174ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 49; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1927, No. 115; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 17, 159f., Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 24, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 8; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 163ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 327D; Sorbian: cf. Nedo 1956, No. 32; Russian: SUS, Nos. 333B, 334; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 333B; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989, No. 333B; Palestinian: Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 29, El-Shamy 2004; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 333B, 334, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: cf. Burrison 1989, 145ff.; Tunisian: cf. Stumme 1900, No. 1.","(Including the previous Type 333B.) A girl (woman) disregards the warning of friendly animals (parts of her body) and visits her godmother (grandmother) who is a cannibal. The girl sees many gruesome things (e.g. fence of bones, barrel full of blood, and her godmother with an animal's head). When the girl tells her godmother what she has seen she is killed (devoured). Cf. Type 363.",NA,"332, 333."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,335,Death's Messengers,"Kirchhof/Oesterley 1869 I 2, No. 124; Morris 1889; BP III, 293�297; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, Nos. 267, 268; Wesselski 1929b; HDM 1 (1930�33) 301f. (K. Heckscher); R�hrich 1962f. I, 80�92, 258�262; Tubach 1969, No. 3277; Schwarzbaum 1968, 94; EM 2 (1979) 636�639 (D.-R. Moser); Hansen 2002, 95�97.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 482; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 332*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 108, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Stalpaert/Joos 1971, 93f.; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 313, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 177; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 54, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3277; Slovene: Slovenski gospodar 63 (1929) No. 27,11; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 152; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Jason 1965; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 108ff.; Korean: Zaborowski 1975, No. 15; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 94f., III, cf. 120; Ethiopian: Gankin et al. 1960, 181.","Death promises to warn a certain man before he comes to him, so the man lives happily. When death finally comes to take him, the man accuses him not having kept his promise. Death replies that he warned him with the illnesses and infirmities of old age, and takes the man away [J1051].","Documented by John Bromyard, Summa predicantium (M XI,5, XI,6); the subject appears also in ancient sources.",332.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,360,Bargain of the Three Brothers with the Devil,"BP II, 561�566; EM 6 (1990) 453�459 (I. Tomkowiak); R�th 1998.","Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 94; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. I, No. 2, Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 10, Kristensen 1881ff. I, Nos. 28, 29; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 120, Berger 2001; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 150; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 129ff., Ga�par�kov� 1981a, 171; Slovene: Krek 1885, 26ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Syrian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. X, No. 11; Spanish-American: Rael 1957 I, No. 69; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Three traveling journeymen (brothers, friends) conclude an agreement with the devil: They receive a large amount of money (purse which will never be empty) on the condition that they pledge themselves always to say the same words, 'we three', 'for gold', 'that was right' [C495.2.1, M175]. The host of an inn kills a rich merchant and accuses the journeymen. Because of their stereotyped answers they seem to confess the offence. Cf. Type 1697. The devil rescues them from the gallows [R175]. The host is hanged in their place, and the devil is satisfied to take his soul and leave the journeymen alone [K217].",Documented in the late 18th century.,"361, 812, 1182, and 1697."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,361,Bear-skin,"BP II, 427�435; HDM 1 (1930�33) 169�172 (W. Golther); EM 1 (1977) 1225�1232 (H. R�lleke); Lacourci�re 1972; Weydt 1979; Scherf 1995 I, 46�49, II, 1136f., 1360f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 218�221; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 33, 58; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 93; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1879f. II, No. 21, Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 8, Grundtvig 1976ff. II, No. 19; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 194f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Dinnissen 1993, No. 191; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 101, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 29, Berger 2001; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 116; Austrian: Zingerle/Zingerle 1870, No. 7, Pramberger 1946, 35ff., Haiding 1953, Nos. 60, 61; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 41, X, No. 5, XIV, 83, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 537f.; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 201ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 121ff., 151f.; Slovene: Zupanc 1944b, 63ff.; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Veckenstedt 1880, No. 8, Nedo 1956, No. 35; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 22; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A poor soldier sells his soul to the devil for an immense amount of money (a purse which will never be empty) [M211]. The soldier's soul will be released after he has lived for seven years without washing or combing himself [C721.1, C723.1]. The soldier helps a poor man, who agrees to let him marry one of his daughters. The two elder daughters scoff at the dirty man, but the youngest daughter agrees to marry him [L54.1]. The soldier leaves her a token (half of a ring or coin). After seven years the bargain is completed. The devil washes and dresses the soldier, and releases him. He returns to his bride as a rich gentleman and is recognized by the token. The envious elder sisters commit suicide. Thus instead of one soul the devil gets two (sometimes more) [K217]. Cf. Type 475.",Documented in the 17th century.,"360, 475."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,361*,The Wolf with an Iron Head (previously Wolf Threatens to Eat Hero),,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Hungarian: MNK II; Serbian: Leskien 1915, No. 63; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A wolf with an iron head helps a poor man (shepherd) in distress and demands that he should not marry (threatens to eat the man and is put off until his wedding day). On the wedding day, the wolf appears again, the man flees and, after a number of adventures, finally kills the wolf with help of his dogs.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,362*,The Devil's Kindness,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *362A*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 11; German: Hen�en 1959, No. 45, cf. Berger 2001, No. 362**; Ukrainian: SUS.",The devil helps a poor man with his work (gives a poor man the treasure of a rich couple). A second man (couple) hangs himself out of envy (grief) and thus the devil receives his payment [K217].,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,363,The Corpse-Eater (previously The Vampire),"Hoch 1900; BP III, 534�537; HDA 6 (1934/35) 812�823 (P. Geiger); Naumann 1971; Schwarzbaum 1980, 278 No. 207; Scherf 1995 II, 837f., 1247�1252; R�th 1998; EM: Vampir (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 482, Jauhiainen 1998, No. E256; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 67; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 41; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 553; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 336ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 348ff., cf. 373ff., cf. Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 206; Croatian: cf. Smiiklas 1910ff. 16, No. 17; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 152, 153 III 3; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 43, Jason 1965; Gypsy: Yates 1948, Nos. 12, 32, Briggs 1970f. A I, 553; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, 18; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 193, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Fuchs 1961, 27ff.","A young woman wants to marry a man with an unusual feature (green beard, golden nose, etc.). A demonic bridegroom with these characteristics appears, and she follows him to his far-away castle. On the way she watches him eating corpses in three churches (graveyards) [G20]. Cf. Type 894. The bridegroom asks her whether she has seen anything. She says no, even when he appears in the form of her father and brother [D40, D610]. Finally, in the form of her mother, he asks her and she confesses. She is devoured (is able to flee at the last moment). Cf. Type 334.",NA,"365, 407, and 955."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,365,The Dead Bridegroom Carries Off his Bride,"Child 1882ff. V, No. 272; Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 197; B�hm 1918; HDA 5 (1932/33) 1209�1211 (C. Mengis); Peuckert 1955; Jolles 1974; Lindow 1978; Ward 1980; Schelstraete 1990; Scherf 1995 II, 1211�1214, 1288f.; EM 8 (1996) 909�918 (I. Schneider); R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 482, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C501; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 68; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 1 (1884) 42f. No. 128; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Ehrentreich 1938, 148ff., Briggs 1970f. B I, 526f., 577f., 586f., 603f.; French: Delarue 1957; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 2003, Nos. 11, 12; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. F39, Berger 2001; Austrian: Hauser 1894, Nos. 73, 74, Depiny 1932, No. 9, Haiding 1965, No. 211; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, 646 No. 115; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 330ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 5; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 126, 136, 161, II, Nos. 382, 462, 498; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 13; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 82, ajkanovi 1934, No. 47, cf. No. 24; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 10, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 25, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 14; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 127ff.; Macedonian: Vroclavski 1979f. II, No. 11; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 365, 365A*, Amzulescu 1974, No. 26; Albanian: cf. Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 44; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 137f., Slizinski 1964, No. 16; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: Yates 1948, No. 12, MNK X 1; Indian: Jason 1989; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; US-American: cf. Randolph 1955, No. 79, Musick 1965, No. 96; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1987, Nos. 39, 40; Argentine: Karlinger/P�gl 1987, No. 31; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 2201.","(Lenore). (Including the previous Type 365A*.) A young woman mourns for her bridegroom who did not return from war (brings him back to life by magic). One night he appears, invites her to ride with him, and carries her behind on his horse. Two times he asks her whether she is afraid. She says no because her lover is with her. The third time they arrive at a graveyard. When the bridegroom wants to entice her into an open grave, she realizes that he is dead. He grasps at her and tears her clothing. The bride escapes (is pulled into the grave [E215], danced to death by the dancing dead, or torn to pieces).","Folk legend of indefinite age based on archaic death beliefs. Also popular as ballad or folk song: The Suffolk Miracle (1689); B�rger, Lenore (1773).","363, 407, and 1199A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,366,The Man from the Gallows,"BP III, 478�583; HDM 2 (1934�40) 304 (M. Lambertz); Burrison 1968; Grider 1980; Scherf 1987, 208ff.; Scherf 1995 I, 170�172, 504�506; Dekker et al. 1997, 147�149; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 175�179 (D. Drascek); Anderson 2000, 114f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, No. 45; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 69; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 366, *366**; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 103 No. 1.2.1.16; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Skattegraveren 2 (1884) 75, 142, 11 (1889) 8�11, Kristensen 1900, No. 118; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A II, 512, 541, 560f., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 6; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A II, 512, 530f., 539, 542, 550f., 555f., 562; French: Delarue 1957; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 366, 366A; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 79, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 26; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. I, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, No. L49, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 40, Berger 2001; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 119 No. 12; Italian: Aprile 2000 II; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 401, Kl�mov� 1966, No. 6; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975a, No. 15; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, No. 366, cf. No. 366A*; Byelorussian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Saudi Aranian: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; English-Canada: Fowke 1967, 267f.; US-American: Baughman 1966, Roberts 1974, Nos. 111, 133; Spanish-American: TFSP 6 (1927) 41f., 54, 24 (1951) 77f., 25 (1953) 183�194, 31 (1962) 12f., 15f., 163f., Robe 1973, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; African American: Baughman 1966; Honduran: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 24; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 43; Namibian: cf. Schmidt 1989 II, No. 2210.","This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A man (woman, child) takes the liver (lung, heart, stomach, backside) of a corpse who has been hanged (other dead person). At home the meat is eaten (often without knowing what it is [G60]). At night the dead person appears, asks for the stolen part of his body, and punishes the perpetrator (eater) by carrying him away (to hell) or by killing him [E235.4]. (2) A child (adult person) who has lost a leg (arm) wears a golden (diamond) one as a substitute. The child dies, and the parents (servants, grave-diggers, etc.)take the golden leg. At night the dead child appears, complains about the loss of his leg [E235.4.1, E235.4.2], and receives it back.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,368C*,The Death of the Cruel Stepmother,,"Hungarian: MNK II; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 123; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Dima 1944, No. 10.","A cruel stepmother sends her stepdaughter in March to the river to wash wool. Two travelers, Christ (God) and St. Peter, help the girl, and she brings back a flower. Thus the evil stepmother thinks that spring has already begun. She drives her flock of sheep into the mountains and freezes to stone.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Adversaries 300-399,NA,369,The Youth on a Quest for his Lost Father,,"Flemish: Meyer 1968; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut, Tungus: cf. Doerfer 1983, No. 85; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978. SUPERNATURAL OR ENCHANTED WIFE (HUSBAND)","A boy (young man) sets out to find his father who went away (disappeared) before his birth [H1381.2.2.1]. He comes to the house of an old woman (witch) and tricks her (kills her, wins a contest with her son). He finds his father (alive, dead, or transformed into an animal). The boy (a god) releases (resuscitates) his father.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,500,The Name of the Supernatural Helper,"Clodd 1898; Pol�vka 1900b; Pol�vka 1907; Sydow 1909; BP I, 490�498; L�thi 1971; R�hrich 1972f.; R�hrich 1976, 272�291, 329�331; Scherf 1995 I, 25�27, 154�156, II, 1000�1005, 1090f., 1133�1135, 1208�1211, 1231�1233, cf. 1257�1259; Dekker et al. 1997, 297�301; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 1164�1175 (L. R�hrich); Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 62; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 83(3), 95; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 309; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Scottish: Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 13; Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh, English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Geldof 1979, No. 38; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 16; Luxembourg: Gredt 1883, No. 919; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 248, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 33, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 55, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 46; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 35; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 129ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 76, 160, 316; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 95; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 39; Greek: Klaar 1963, 79ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 47; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 411; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 812; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; African American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 29; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","(e.g. Tom Tit Tot, Rumpelstilzchen, Trillevip.) A father (mother) boasts that his daughter can spin gold or impossible amounts of yarn. Or, a mother beats her daughter because she is lazy. The king asks why and the mother says she will not stop spinning [H914]. The young woman's talent is to be tested and she is shut in a room to spin [H1021.8, H1092]. If she fails she will die, but if she succeeds the king will marry her. She cries. A supernatural being (a little man) agrees to help her [D2183] if she will promise him her first child (herself) if she cannot guess his name [H521, S222, S222.1]. In some variants she has to remember his name after a long time. The young woman passes the test and the king marries her. After a year the little man, certain that she could not guess his name, comes back to take her child away. By chance the name is discovered (by a servant, the husband or the woman herself) when the little man sings it triumphantly in the forest [N475]. When the woman says the correct name to the helper he vanishes or sinks into the earth [C432.1].","Documented by Madame L�H�ritier de Villandon, L�Histoire de Ricdin-Ricdon (1705).",501.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,500*,The Monster Reveals the Riddle,,"Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 2000, No. 11; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 377*.",Students must count the peaks of a mountain range. They go to sleep. A monster watches them and thinks they are a multi-headed monster. He says that he walked through all the peaks of the mountain range (naming the number) and had never seen such a strange thing. Thus the students hear and solve the riddle. Cf. Type 1091.,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,501,The Three Old Spinning Women (previously The Three Old Women Helpers),"Sydow 1909; BP I, 109�115; HDM 2 (1934�40) 132�155 (A. Taylor); Bottigheimer 1987, 112�122; Tatar 1990, 164�190; Scherf 1995 I, 25�27, 222�224, II, 1231�1233, cf. 1090f.; R�th 1998; EM: Spinnfrauen: Die drei S. (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 63; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 83(3), 96; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 309, Kristensen 1896f. II, No. 6; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 568f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966, Briggs 1970f. A I, 303ff., 435f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 97f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 16; German: e.g. Ranke 1955ff. II, Uther 1990a, No. 6, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 14, Berger 2001; Swiss: cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 556f.; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 53; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 131ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 125, 160, II, No. 463; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 35; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, 160ff.; Greek: Schmidt 1877, 65f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 371; Armenian: Tch�raz 1912, 117ff., Hoogasian-Villa 1966, 296ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 260ff.; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 33; French-Canadian: Lemieux 1974ff. XVI, No. 6; US-American: Baughman 1966; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 30; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 223ff.; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 47; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","Through a false boast of her mother [H914] or of a young woman herself [H915], she is compelled to spin an impossible amount of thread [H1092]. If she is successful a prince will marry her. She receives help from three old women who are deformed from too much spinning: the first has an enormous foot, the second has drooping lips, and the third has a thick thumb [G201.1, G244, D2183]. In payment she must invite them to her wedding. The prince sees them and exclaims in disgust. They tell him that their deformities come from spinning. He swears that he will never let his wife spin again.","Early literary versions, see Basile, Pentamerone (IV,4) and J. Praetorius, Abentheuerlicher Gluecks-Topf (1669).",500.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,502,The Wild Man,"BP III, 94�114; Hartmann 1936, 173f.; Scherf 1995 I, 251�256, 541�544, 738f., II, 993�995; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 218�222 (G. Dammann).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 64; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 97; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 15; Faroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 220, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 11; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: cf. Ranke 1955ff. I, No. 314, Uther 1990a, No. 54, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 136; Swiss: Uffer 1972, 186ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 3, 13; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 290ff., II 2, 278ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 231, 311, II, cf. Nos. 374, 487, 528; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 48; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 82; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Tatar, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 130, 132�134, 208, cf. No. 201; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *314; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","A king catches a wild man (Iron John) and puts him into a cage, forbidding anyone to set him free. His son frees the prisoner because his ball rolls into the cage or because he feels pity for him. The prince is afraid of his father's anger and leaves home (his father drives him away to be killed or sends him to another king) along with a servant. On their way the servant persuades the prince to exchange clothes. The prince becomes a servant at the court of another king. At a tournament he appears unrecognized three times on a splendid horse [R222] which he received from the wild man and wins the hand of a princess. Or, he wins the princess because he has helped her father in war [L161]. Often the wild man is disenchanted [G671]. In some variants the prince works for a while at the wild man's house where he disobeys instructions (e.g. looks into a forbidden chamber [C611], cares for a horse although it is not allowed [B316]) and his hair turns to gold. Cf. Type 314.","Type 502 is often the first part of Type 314, so these types are not clearly differentiated. Documented in an Icelandic Saga of the 13th century, see Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla (1220/30).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 314, and also 313, 314A, 510, 530, 531, 532, 570, and 850."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,503,The Gifts of the Little People,"BP III, 324�329; Greverus 1956; EM 5 (1987) 637�642 (H.-J. Uther); Bruford 1994f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 375�377; R�th 1998; Hansen 2002, 147�151.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 488; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 26b(5), 118; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 502*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966, Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 56; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 224f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 27; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 248, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 8, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 182, Berger 2001, Nos. 503, IX B 2, IX B 3; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 107; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 49; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 8; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 126f.; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 29; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 25, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 118; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Lebanese, Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 171; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 476; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 503A, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; Mexican, Costa Rican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 31; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 31; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Pino Saavedra 1960ff. III, No. 252; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 297; Congolese: cf. Klipple 1992.","A hunchbacked man takes part in a dance of the witches or people from below the earth (elves, fairies, dwarfs) [F331.1]. He sings their song or adds a missing rhyme or more weekdays [F331.3, F331.4]. As a reward they remove his hump [F344.1] or give him gold [F342.1]. A greedy neighbor (hunchbacked person) wants to get the same reward, but he ruins the song or is unfriendly. The little people add the hump of the other man to his own, or give him coals instead of gold [J2415]. Cf. Type 480D*.",Some motifs appear in the 17th century in Ireland and Italy.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,505,The Grateful Dead,"BP III, 490�517; Liljeblad 1927; R�hrich 1962f. II, 156�212; Tubach 1969, Nos. 1499, 2622, cf. No. 2749; EM 3 (1981) 306�322 (L. R�hrich); Hansen 1995; Scherf 1995 I, 304f., II, 915�917, 993�995, 1009�1014; Dekker et al. 1997, 77�80; R�th 1998, No. 506; Schmidt 1999, No. 506; Hansen 2002, 56�62.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 65; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 103; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 506; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 506, 506**, 508; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Nos. 505, 506; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. 506A, 506B, 508; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 506; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, Nos. 81, 108; Kamp 1879f. II, No. 15; Faeroese: Nyman 1984, No. 506B; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 506; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 505, 506A+B, 508; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 506A, 506B; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 506, 506A, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, No. 506; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 506; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 505, 506, 506A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 44, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 506; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 28; Kooi 2003, No. 8; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 506, 508, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 8; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 506; Walloon: Legros 1962, No. 506; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Berger 2001, No. 506A; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 142; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 89, 172; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 66, X, No. 16, XIV, 96; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 505, 506, 506A, 508; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 506; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 506A, 506B, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 506**; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 468ff.; Slovakian: cf. Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 356; Slovene: Kres 5 (1885) 613, M�derndorfer 1957, 104ff.; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 14, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 72; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 11; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 505, 506B, cf. No. *506B***; Albanian: Lambertz 1922, No. 46; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 41, Klaar 1977, 86ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 505, 506; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 506, Krzyanowski 1965, 429f.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 49; Russian: SUS, Nos. 506B, 508; Byelorussian: SUS, No. 508; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 506B, 508; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 62, 63, 215; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 505, 506, 506*C, 508, Jason 1975, Nos. 505, 506, Jason 1988a, Nos. 505, 506, 506*C, 508; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 506, 506B; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989, No. 508; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 508; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 215ff.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 508*; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 53; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 288, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 505, 506; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 53; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 505A, 506A; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 506, Lrincz 1979, No. 508; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 406 No. 173; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 780, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 506B; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 21, 22, 96; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 505, 506A, 506B; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 404ff.; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 506A; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Mexican: Robe 1973, No. 506, cf. No. 506*C; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 506; Mayan: cf. Pe�alosa 1992, No. 506C; Chilean: Hansen 1957, No. 506; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, Nos. 48, 50; West Indies: Flowers 1953, Nos. 505, 506; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 344; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 53, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 505, 506; Morocan: El-Shamy 2004; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1061.","(Including the previous Types 506'506B, 506**, and 508.) One introductory episode is combined with various main parts in which a man wins a princess and a castle. The ending is also very similar. Introductory episode: While traveling, a man sees a corpse which is not allowed to be buried or is ill-treated by its creditors [Q271.1]. He uses all his money to pay the debts of the dead man and for his funeral. Later he meets the grateful dead man in the form of a traveling companion (old man, servant) who wants to help him [E341] on the condition that they will divide all their winnings [M241]. Cf. Type 507. Main parts: (1) The man ransoms a princess, who had been kidnapped, from slavery and marries her [R111.1.6, L161]. While the man is away in another country, the father of the princess recognizes the sail of the ship which is emboidered with the princess' coat of arms and learns that his daughter is alive. When the man goes back to fetch his wife, he finds that she has been abducted by one of her father's courtiers. The man searches for his wife, and the traveling companion helps him to return to his father-in-law's court [R163]. There the man discloses his identity as the husband of the princess and gets his bride back. (Previously Type 506A.) (2) The man rescues a young woman from robbers. On their way home by ship the man is thrown overboard by a rival [S142] but is rescued by the traveling companion [R163] and brought to the princess. He is recognized by means of a ring or otherwise [H94.4, H11.1]. The rival is unmasked and punished. (Previously Type 506B.) (3) The traveling companion equips the man with a magnificent horse. A tournament takes place in which the winner is to marry a princess [H972, H331.2]. The man wins her. (Previously Type 508.) Ending: The traveling companion asks for his part of the winnings and wants to divide the princess (their baby) [M241.1]. When the man, trying to save the princess, offers the whole kingdom, the traveling companion reveals himself as the grateful dead man, says his demand was only a test of faith, and vanishes. In some variants the grateful dead man is a saint, who helps the hero because he has redeemed a saint's picture that was mistreated [N848.1]. (Previously Type 506**.)","Documented with the introductory part in the 2nd century B.C.E. in the apocryphal Book of Tobit (II,3�7), with main part (1) in L�Histoire de Jean de Calais of Madeleine Ang�lique de Gomez (1723), and with main part (3) in the 13th century in the medieval novel Rittertreue of the 13th century.","300, 301, 306, 307, 326, 400, 531, 550, 551, 580, and 857."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,506*,Prophecy Escaped,,"Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 65, 181, II, No. 288, Cardigos (forthcoming); Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 58ff.; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II.","A child is born in answer to a prayer [T548.1]. It is foreseen to the child that it will die by hanging when he is 20 years old [M341.1.4]. The child is helped by a companion (saint) who favours him because of his modesty. The companion saves the child's life and wins a princess for him. The helper demands half of the winnings, so the princess is to be divided [M241.1]. Cf. Type 934.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,507,The Monster's Bride,"Hertz 1893; BP III, 83f.; Basset 1924ff. III, 355 No. 210; Liljeblad 1927; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 3830; EM 3 (1981) 306�322 (L. R�hrich); EM 5 (1987) 1240�1243 (A. Gier); Scherf 1995 II, 906�909, 981f., 1227�1231, 1266�1270, 1403�1406; R�th 1998, Nos. 507A, 507C; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 405.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 66; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 104; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 507A�507C, cf. No. *507D; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 507A, 507B; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 507A; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 507A; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 507A; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 507A; Danish: B�dker 1964, No. 50, Andersen/Perlet 1996 I, No. 5; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 507A�507C; English: Baughman 1966, No. 507A; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 507A, 507C; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 507B, 507C; Portuguese: Buescu 1984, 128f., Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 507A; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 507A; German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 507B; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 507, 507A�507C; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 483f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 4891*; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 219, 295, cf. Nos. 74, 199, II, No. 372; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 306A*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 507, *507C*, Koceva 2002, Nos. 507C, *507C*; Greek: Hahn 1918 II, No. 114, Dawkins 1953, Nos. 36, 48, Diller 1982, No. 31, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 507C; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 507A; Russian: SUS, No. 507, cf. No. 507C*, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 62 (4f., 6f.), 63 IV 5; Jewish: Jason 1965, Nos. 507B, 507C, Jason 1975, No. 507C; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 507A, 507B; Adygea: Alieva 1986, No. 507A; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 507A; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 506, 507C; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 507B, 507C; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 288, El-Shamy 2004, No. 507C; Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 507C; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 507C; Pakistani, Indian, Sri Lankan: cf. Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 507B, 507C; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 507C, cf. No. 507A; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 507A, 507C; US-American: Baughman 1966, No. 507A; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 507C; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 32ff., 370ff.; Guatemalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Argentine: Hansen 1957, No. 507C; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 507C; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 597A; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 507C.","(Including the previous Types 507A'507C.) This type consists of one introductory part and two different main parts. The ending is often the same. Introductory part: While traveling a young man provides a suitable funeral for an unknown man whose corpse was mistreated by creditors [Q271.1]. Later he meets a traveling companion (servant) who wants to help him [E341] on the condition that they will divide all their winnings [M241]. Cf. Type 505. On their way, the traveling companion obtains (three) magic objects (e.g. boots, magic hood, cloak, sabre, feather). The young man woos a princess who is in love with a magician (ogre, devil). Her suitors have to guess her thoughts three times (bring hidden objects [H322.1], solve difficult tasks). If they fail they are executed. Main part: (1) With the help of the magic objects, the companion of the young man becomes invisible and follows the princess on her way to the magician. There he finds the solutions [H972]. He frees the princess by beating, burning, or killing the magician [T172.2.1]. On the wedding night the young man has to submerge the princess (in different forms) three times in a bath to release her from her enchantment [D766.1]. (Previously Type 507A.) Cf. Type 306. (2) All bridegrooms of a princess have perished during the bridal night [T172.0.1]. The young man marries her on advice of his companion. A snake (snakes) comes into the chamber or crawls out of the princess' mouth to kill the young man, but the companion kills it. (Previously Types 507B, 507C.) Cf. Types 840, 1145. Ending: (After a year) the companion demands his half of the winnings and divides the princess in two parts. Snakes crawl out of her body. He puts the halves together and the princess is disenchanted forever. In a few variants the companion only pretents to divide the princess [M241.1] to test the faith of the young man, and then discloses his identity as the grateful dead man. Cf. Type 505.",Documented in the Christian legend of Tobias in the apocryphal Book of Tobit (2nd century B.C.E.).,"306, 307, 571, 910, 945, and 1115."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,510,Cinderella and Peau d''ne,"Basset 1924ff. III, 330 No. 199; Dekker et al. 1997, 50�55.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 488f.; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 81; Syrjanian: cf. Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 24, Haboucha 1992; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 83; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, No. 222; Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. I, 31ff., 63ff.; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 32; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; South African: Grobbelaar 1981; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.6.510.",This type number refers to a cycle of related tales. See esp. Types 510A and 510B.,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,510A,Cinderella,"Cox 1893; Singer 1903f. II, 1�31; BP I, 165�188; Morosoli 1930; HDM 1 (1930�1933) 125f. (S. Singer); Rooth 1951; Ting 1974; L�thi 1980b; EM 3 (1981) 39�57 (R. Wehse); Dundes 1982; Philip 1989; Belmont 1990; Belmont 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 36�39, 46, 109f., 151�154, 306�309, 660�664, II, 953�955, 1351f.; Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996, 39�43; Dekker et al. 1997, 50�55; Belmont 1998; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Muhawi 2001; Hansen 2002, 85�89; Uther 2002b; Thomas 2003; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 461.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 67; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 81; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 510AB, p. 132; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 510AB; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 214, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 10; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 248f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 21; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 34; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 52; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 100, Kindl 1992, No. 3, Decurtins/Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 127; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 1; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 13; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 381ff., II 1, 242ff.; Kl�mov� 1966, No. 13; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 36, 82, 283, 310, cf. No. 154, II, No. 564, cf. No. 581; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 13ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 2, Dawkins 1953, No. 21, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 50; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 60; Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 119, 216; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 19; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 196, cf. No. 188, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *510A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 26; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, No. 21; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 450; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Fauset 1931, No. 2; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 382ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: TFSP 14 (1938) 106f., 27 (1957) 89�91; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Laughlin 1977, 204ff., Pe�alosa 1992, No. 510; Bolivian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 63, 196, cf. No. 188, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 196, El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 57; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1068.","(Cenerentola, Cendrillon, Aschenputtel.) A young woman is mistreated by her stepmother and stepsisters [S31, L55] and has to live in the ashes as a servant. When the sisters and the stepmother go to a ball (church), they give Cinderella an impossible task (e.g. sorting peas from ashes), which she accomplishes with the help of birds [B450]. She obtains beautiful clothing from a supernatural being [D1050.1, N815] or a tree that grows on the grave of her deceased mother [D815.1, D842.1, E323.2] and goes unknown to the ball. A prince falls in love with her [N711.6, N711.4], but she has to leave the ball early [C761.3]. The same thing happens on the next evening, but on the third evening, she loses one of her shoes [R221, F823.2]. The prince will marry only the woman whom the shoe fits [H36.1]. The stepsisters cut pieces off their feet in order to make them fit into the shoe [K1911.3.3.1], but a bird calls attention to this deceit. Cinderella who had been first hidden from the prince, tries on the shoe and it fits her. The prince marries her.","Documented by Basile, Pentamerone (I,6) in the 17th century.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, 403, 480, 510B, and also 408, 409, 431, 450, 511, 511A, 707, and 923."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,510B,"Peau d'asne (previously The Dress of Gold, of Silver, and of Stars [Cap o' Rushes])","Cox 1893; BP II, 45�56; HDM 1 (1930�1933) 47�49 (K. Voretzsch); Rooth 1951; Hagen 1954 I, 139�171, II, 111�141; Soriano 1968, 113�124; L�thi 1980b; Karlinger 1981; Mifsud-Chircop 1981; EM 3 (1981) 39�57 (R. Wehse); Ikeda 1991; Tangherlini 1994; Scherf 1995 I, 14�18, 39�41, 49�51, 154�156, 286�289, 660�664, II, 918�922, 1178�1181; Dekker et al. 1997, 50�55; Goldberg 1997b; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Muhawi 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 68; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 81(23); Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 510AB, p. 133f.; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 510AB; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 7, Holbek 1990, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 14, II, Nos. 226, 292, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 249, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 65, Berger 2001, No. 510; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. XIV, 99; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 53; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 88ff., Massignon 1963, Nos. 22, 72; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 91ff., Kl�mov� 1966, No. 14; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 165, II, No. 554; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 871*; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 27, Dawkins 1953, No. 40, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 51; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 189, cf. No. 155 V; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 38, 39, Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 6; Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 40, 51; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American, African American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992, No. 510; Panamanian, Bolivian, Chilean, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 33; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, Nos. 85, 104, El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Cap o'Rushes, Donkey Skin, All Kinds of Fur, Allerleirauh.) A king promises his wife on her deathbed [M255] only to marry another woman who is as beautiful as she is (whom a particular ring fits). Because she is the only one who meets this condition, the king wants to marry his grown daughter. In order to delay the wedding, the young woman asks him to give her dresses like the sun (gold), the moon (silver), and stars (diamonds), and a coat made of many different kinds of fur (a covering of wood). After he provides all these, the daughter runs away from her father [T311.1] and, disguised in the ugly skin [K521.1, F821.1.3, F821.1.4], works as a kitchen maid (goose-girl) in another castle. Cf. Types 706, 706C. When a series of feasts is held in the castle where she works, the young woman secretly puts on her splendid dresses. The prince falls in love with her [N711.6] but does not recognize her as the kitchen maid [R255]. On the following days he treats the kitchen maid badly. During the feasts he asks the beautiful woman where she comes from, and she gives cryptic answers that refer to how he had treated the kitchen maid [H151.5]. He gives her a ring. Then the prince becomes lovesick. In her character as kitchen maid, she slips his ring into his soup (bread). He finds her [H94.2, H94.4] and marries her. Sometimes the young woman is discovered while she is bathing or dressing instead of being recognized through a token.",This form of the incest motif (the king wants to marry his daughter after the death of his wife) is often documented independently since the 12th century.,"403, 510A, 511, 706, and 923."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,510B*,The Princess in the Chest,"BP IV, 180.","French: Cosquin 1886f. I, No. 28; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 322, 429, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. *510B*; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *510B*, Koceva 2002, No. *510B*; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 244; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 510*C, Jason 1975, No. 510*C; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 104.","A widowed king wants to marry his daughter. She demands that he give her a magic golden chest (golden lantern). On their wedding day, she hides herself in the chest. The father sells the chest to a prince (it is cast into the sea, where a prince finds it and brings it into his house). When the princess secretly comes out and eats his food, he discovers her and falls in love with her. The prince's fianc'e discovers the princess and sends her away. The prince becomes lovesick and the princess brings him food in which she has hidden a ring of the prince. He finds her and marries her.","Documented 1550 by Straparola, Piacevoli notti (I,4).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,511,"One-Eye, Two-Eyes, Three-Eyes","Cox 1893; Montanus/Bolte 1899, No. 5; BP III, 60�66; HDM 1 (1930�33) 482�484; Rooth 1951; L�thi 1962, 42�53; L�thi 1980b; EM 3 (1981) 40�42, 1197�1203 (S. Schmidt); Scherf 1995 I, 248�251, 271f., 660�664, 680�682, 689�692, II, 1039�1041, 1101�1105, 1149�1152; Dekker et al. 1997, 50�55, 122�125; R�th 1998, Nos. 511, 511A; Schmidt 1999, No. 511A; EM 10 (2002) 196�199 (H. Lox).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 69; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 82; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 511, 511A; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 452C*, 511; Livonian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 511A; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 302I*; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 511, 511A; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 511A, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996, Nos. 511, 511A; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 511, 511A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 226, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 511A, 511A*; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 130; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 50; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 511, 511A, 511A*; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 81ff.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini. No. 511A*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. *511A; Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 511, 511A; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 584; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 511A, cf. Nos. *511A**, *511A***, Koceva 2002, No. 511, cf. No. *511A**; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 52; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 511, 511A; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 17, 25, Jason 1965, No. 511, Jason 1975, No. 511A; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 511A; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 511, 511A; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 164, 218, 219; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979, No. 511A*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Lebanese, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 511A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 511, 511A, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 37; Burmese: cf. Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 161; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 511, 511A; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 23, 24; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Nos. 511, 511A; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 415; US-American: Baughman 1966, Nos. 511, 511A, Perdue 1987, Nos. 3A�E; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973; African American: Baughman 1966; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. **542; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 32; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 63, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 511, 511A; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 511, 511A; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 511A; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, Nos. 1070, 1071; South African: Grobbelaar 1981, Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1070, 1071.","(Including the previous Types 452C*, 511A, and 511A*.) A girl (boy) has a stepmother who does not give her enough to eat but makes her herd cattle and spin a great amount of flax. She tells her sorrows to a (little colored) cow (red ox, godmother), who gives her food [B535.0.1] and helps her with her work. The stepmother wants to know why the girl is so well fed, and sends her one-, two- and three-eyed daughters one after the other to find out. The girl sings One-Eye [F512.1] and Two-Eyes to sleep, so they learn nothing, but she forgets to sing to the third eye of Three-Eyes [F512.2.1.1], who tells her mother about the cow [D830.1]. The stepmother determines to have the cow slaughtered. When the girl tells the animal this, the cow tells her to plant its bones (intestines, or not to eat its meat). She does as she was told, and a tree (apple tree) grows which continues to help her [B100.1, D1461, D1470.2]. A rich man notices the tree and asks for an apple. When the stepsisters try to pick one, a branch scratches them. Only the girl herself can pick the fruit [D590, H31.12], and the rich man marries her [L162]. Often the tree goes (is taken) with them. The stepmother and stepsisters are punished. Sometimes, the child and the cow run away when the stepsister discovers their secret. They pass through brass, silver, and gold forests [F811.1]. In each forest, the cow warns the child not to pick the leaves [C513], but the child disobeys. A brass etc. ox (wolf, lion) comes and fights with the cow of the child. The last of these overcomes the cow, which, before it dies, tells the child to save (plant) some part of its body (horn, hoof, skin) because it will help him later [B505, B115]. (Previously Type 511A.) Or, the cow dies after the escape and turns into an angel that flies to heaven. (Previously Type 511A*.) In some variants another woman wants to marry the girl's father. She promises to take good care of the girl and convinces her to kill her mother by having her look into a chest and dropping the lid on her neck. Cf. Type 720. In other variants, after the stepmother discovers the secret of the cow, she tries to kill the girl in a covered pit filled with burning coals. A dog warns the girl in front of the pit. The stepmother kills the dog and the next day the girl falls into the pit. She is burned up, the cow licks the ashes, and a duck comes out. When her brother comes home, the girl in the form of this duck tells him what happened. He punishes the stepmother. (Previously Type 452C*.)","Documented in 1560 by Martin Montanus, Gartengesellschaft (No. 5).","300, 313, 314, 314A, 403, 409, 480, and 510A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,513,The Extraordinary Companions,,"Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 3; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 162, II, No. 317, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 253ff., II 1, 303ff., 373f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 84; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Syrian, Palestinian. Iraqi, Persian Gulf, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 39; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. I, 50ff.; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3590; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 1.6.513.",This type number refers to a cycle of related tales. See esp. Types 513A'513B.,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,513A,Six Go through the Whole World,"Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 124 No. 392; BP II, 79�96, III, 84f., 272f., 556�558; Tubach 1969, No. 632; Scherf 1995 I, 113�116, 177�183, 243f., 326�330, 614f., 615�620, 637�642, II, 844�847, 1076f., 1081�1084, 1192�1195; Dekker et al. 1997, 426�430; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Sechse kommen durch die Welt (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 70; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 109; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 513AB; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 513; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Kooi 2003, Nos. 9, 10, 114; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Laport 1932, No. *513C; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 249, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 71, 134; Austrian: Polsterer 1908, No. 55; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 35; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929f. I, 248, 253, II 1, 303ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 80, II, Nos. 453, 516, cf. No. 378; Slovene: Flere 1931, 42ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, Nos. 24, 38; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 33; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 27; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 1; Greek: Hahn 1918 II, No. 63, Diller 1982, No. 33, Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 54; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 77, 86 IV, 197 III (5�6); Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 96, 154; Uzbek: Laude-Cirtautas 1978, No. 23; Buryat: Lrincz 1979; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 513A, 670C*; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 37, 38; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 173; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 20; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 287; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 25�28; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 345ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; African American: Burrison 1989, 35f.; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Nos. 513A, 513**C; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. I, No. 50; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Flowers 1923b I, 244 not. 4; Sudanese, Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1073; Malagasy: Klipple 1992.","A discharged soldier (fool) acquires many (six) traveling companions with extraordinary abilities [F601]: e.g. one who runs fast [F681.1], one who eats great quantities [F632, F633], one who produces (can withstand) severe frost [D2144.1.2], one who can shoot and hit the left eye of a fly from far away [F661.5.3], one with acute hearing [F641.1, F641.2, F641.3], one who can make himself taller, and one who can rip up trees by their roots [F621]. In order to avenge himself on the king who discharged him, the soldier enters a contest to marry the princess [H331]. She has agreed to marry anyone who beats her at running [H331.5.1]. The king permits the soldier to employ his helpers. The runner overtakes the princess, but he falls asleep and is awakened just in time by the sharpshooter. In an effort to prevent the wedding, the king assigns other tasks: eating (drinking) a huge quantity [H1114, H1142], which the eater accomplishes, and staying in an oven [H1511], which the freezing man accomplishes. Finally the king offers the soldier as much money as he and his companions can carry [cf. H1127] if he will give up his claim for the princess. The companions ruin the king and overcome his army. The same motifs appear together in a reduced form. A prince (young man) is looking for a wife. He takes as servants men who help him accomplish tasks that have been set for suitors who hope to marry the princess [F605.2]. In the end he marries her [L161].","Documented in a novelle by Giovanni Sercambi (No. 11) ca. 1374, then by Basile, Pentamerone (III,8).","300A, 725, 857, and 900."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,513B,The Land and Water Ship,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 191�195; BP II, 39�44, III, 272f.; Roberts 1964, 36�39; Scherf 1995 II, 1277�1280, 1342f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 426�430; R�th 1998; EM: Schiff zu Wasser und zu Lande (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 71; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 109b; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Poestion 1886, No. 24, Qvigstad 1927ff. II, No. 26, III, No. 57; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 513AB; Norwegian: Roberts 1964, 36ff., Hodne 1984, No. 513; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 63; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. I, No. 16; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 513, Coulomb/Castell 1986, No. 17; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 64, III, No. 165, cf. No. 159; Austrian: Vernaleken 1892, No. 39, Polsterer 1908, No. 55; Italian: Keller 1963, 104ff., Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 45; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Ilg 1906 I, No. 33, Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 308ff., 318f., 373f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 77, 78; Bosnian: Preindlsberger-Mrazovi 1905, 117ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 53; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Levin 1982, No. 11; Indian: Mode/Ray 1967, 309ff., cf. L�ders 1921, No. 7; Chinese: Ting 1978; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 3; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, No. 25; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966, Perdue 1987, No. 14; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; African American: Baughman 1966; Guatemalan: Lara 1982, No. 8; Panamanian: Robe 1973; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 82.","A king offers his daughter in marriage [H335, H331] to whoever can build a ship that can travel on land as well as in water [D1533.1.1]. Three brothers attempt this task, but the older two are unkind to an old man (little man) who asks what they want to do. The third who answers honestly gets help from the old man and is then able to build the ship (in one night) [N825.2]. The old man also tells him to take with him anyone whom he meets. These turn out to be men with unusual abilities [F601]. See Type 513A. When the young man brings the ship, the king is amazed, but since the young man is of humble origin, he gives him further (difficult) tasks to prevent the marriage. The young man accomplishes them all with the help of his companions [F601.2] (see Type 513A) and marries the princess [L161].",Magic ship documented in the Argonautika of Appollonios Rhodios (ca. 250 B.C.E.).,"570, 571, and 610."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,514,The Shift of Sex,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 43f. No. 11; BP II, 58, 85�87, 93, III, 24, 84f.; HDM 2 (1934�40) 570�580; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 1915; EM 5 (1987) 168�186 (R. Wehse); EM 5 (1987) 1134�1138, 1140f.; K�hler-Z�lch/Shojaei Kawan 1991, 118f.; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 72; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 71; Scottish: Campbell 1890ff. IV, No. 3; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 300, Cardigos (forthcoming); Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Lemke 1884ff. II, No. 3; Austrian: Haiding 1953, 471; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994 I, No. 64; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 411; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 48; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, No. 62; Bosnian: Dizdar 1955, 155ff.; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 38, Vroclavski 1979f., No. 15, Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 37, 69, Vrainovski 1986, Nos. 27, 28; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 149ff., 158ff., 429ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Albanian: Dozon 1881, No. 14; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 58, Dawkins 1953, No. 46, Laogr�phia 10 (1962) 438ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Krzyanowski 1965, 93ff.; Byelorussian: L�wis of Menar 1914, No. 31; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 97; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 47; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 245ff., Bjazyrov 1960, No. 10; Abkhaz: Bgaba 1959, 174ff., �akryl 1975, No. 37; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 25ff.; Buryat: cf. liasov 1959 I, 83ff., 113ff.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Hertel 1953, No. 76, cf. No. 14, Tauscher 1959, No. 12; Malaysian: Hambruch 1922, No. 41; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. I, No. 57, III, No. 255; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 281; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3590 (3).","A king who has only (three) daughters must send a son to war (needs a son for other reasons). The daughters ask to be allowed to pretend to be men, but only the youngest passes tests which her father sets. He gives her magic objects (a horse) and she goes to the war. In some variants a queen has only daughters and, afraid of her husband's anger, pretends that the youngest is a boy. Or for other reasons a woman disguises herself as a man and goes out into the world. The woman in man's clothing [K1837] accomplishes heroic deeds and/or goes into service with a king. The daughter (sister) of the king falls in love with her and wants to marry her. The woman in man's clothing refuses, or the marriage is unconsumated. In order to get rid of the 'servant/husband', impossible tasks are set. The woman is able to accomplish these with the help of a helper (several helpers, the horse). Cf. Types 461, 465, 513A'513C. In some variants the tests concern the gender of the 'servant,' which had been doubted. For example, her manner of eating and her behavior in a garden are tested, or she is asked to bathe with the brothers of the princess. At the end of the tale, the woman in man's clothing is transformed into a man. This happens either through a demon's curse [D11] or a saint's help, seldom by accident. Then the princess is happy with her husband and the former woman becomes king. Her parents are happy that finally they have a real son.","Great variety of motifs in different episodes. Some variants lack the change of sex. Some motifs appear in earlier Oriental tales, but literary versions of this type first appear in the 17th/18th century.",884.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,514**,A Young Woman Disguised as a Man is Wooed by the Queen (previously The Court Physician),"Chauvin 1892ff. II, 187 No. 38, V, 204ff. No. 120; EM 5 (1987) 141�144 (I. K�hler); Scherf 1995 I, 210�213.","Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003, cf. Nos. 514**, 881*, 884A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 100, 128, II, No. 279, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 884A; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 1, De Simone 1994 II, No. 80; Albanian: cf. Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 40; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 47; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 884A, Jason 1975, No. 884A; Syrian, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 884A; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 512*C, cf. No. 884A; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, No. 6, Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 60; Chilean: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Libyan, Tunisian, Algrian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, No. 884A.","(Including the previous Types 881* and 884A.) A young woman in man's clothing [K1837] works as a doctor [K1825.1.2] (messenger) for a king. The king's wife falls in love with the doctor but is repulsed (accuses him of attempting to seduce or rape her [K2111]). Angry, she sets an impossible task, which the doctor must perform on pain of death. Often it is to enable a dumb person to speak. The dumb person reveals the intention of the queen, who is executed. The king marries the young woman who had posed as a doctor. Cf. Types 880, 881, 881A, and 884.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,515,The Shepherd Boy,"Liljeblad 1927, 99 not. 10; EM 6 (1990) 1086�1088 (J.-�. Swahn).","Livonian: cf. Loorits 1926; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 515**; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 515**.","A foundling child who herds animals finds three objects (of glass) which he gives back to their owners. They promise to reward him [Q42]. With the help of the last owner, a giant, the boy fulfills three tasks. He acquires a castle in which a princess is confined. He rescues her and marries her [L161].","Known mainly in Sweden, where it was recorded in 1844. Structural elements well known in other tales.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,516,Faithful John,"K�hler et al. 1894, 24�35; BP I, 42�57; R�sch 1928; Krohn 1931a, 82�89; Thompson 1951, 111�113; EM 7 (1993) 601�610 (C. Shojaei Kawan); EM 7 (1993) 1267f.; Scherf 1995 II, 955�957, 973�977, 1240�1243; Cardigos 1996, 91�120, 223�230; Baumann 1998b; R�th 1998; Shojaei Kawan 2003a, 224�230, 236.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff I, No. 73; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 106; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 206; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 24, 224, II, No. 439, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Stalpaert 1977, 206ff.; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 6, Berger 2001; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 10; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 67; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 14; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 201ff., Tille 1929ff. II 2, 173ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 261, cf. II, Nos. 377, 529; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, 24ff.; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 29, Dawkins 1950, No. 2, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 214; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 154, 212, 232; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 133, El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 133; Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Laotian: Lindell et al. 1977ff. II, 108ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955b, 148ff.; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1960ff. II, No. 81; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Chertudi 1960f. I, 94ff.; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 223, 229; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A prince wants to marry a beautiful princess from a distant land because he heard her name, saw her picture [T11.2, T11.2.1], or saw her in a dream [T11.3]. A faithful servant (adoptive brother, a dead man whom he has redeemed [P361, P311, P273.1]) helps him in this pursuit. The servant poses as a merchant and traps the princess on a ship [K1332], or he enters her room by hiding in a statue of an animal [K1341] (in a magical manner). The princess is kidnapped or goes voluntarily. Cf. Type 854. On the way back, the helper overhears creatures (birds [B211.3, B143]) [N451] prophesy the future. They say that certain dangers that threaten the bridal couple can be averted by particular actions, but also that anyone who reveals this will be turned to stone. The dangers are a horse (other animal) that will run away with (kill) the bridegroom, poisoned food [H1515] (drink, clothing [H1516]), and a dragon who will kill the bridegroom on his wedding night [T172.2]. When the helper acts to avert the dangers, his actions appear excessive and irrational. When he kills the dragon, drops of its blood fall on the bride's breast. He removes them (with his mouth, or he sucks them out of her body while she is unconscious). The prince construes this as a sexual attack and condemns the helper to death [N342.1]. Before the sentence can be carried out, he justifies himself [C423.4] and is turned to stone step by step [C961.2]. The prince and his wife mourn the helper. The prince discovers (in a dream) that he can bring his friend back to life by sacrificing his own children. He kills (injures) them and rubs the stone man with their blood [E113, D766.2, S268]. The helper is restored to life and he revives the children. Cf. Types 505, 507, and 916.","Complete version in Basile, Pentamerone (IV,9).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 302, and also 300, 301, 302B, 303, 400, and 408."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,516C,Amicus and Amelius (previously St,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 194ff. No. 235; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 163�173; Wesselski 1909, No. 119; Ranke 1934a, 56�60; Tubach 1969, No. 198; EM 1 (1977) 454�463 (L. Denecke); Verfasserlexikon 1 (1978) 329f. (H. Rosenfeld); Feistner 1989; EM 7 (1993) 1267f.; Verfasserlexikon 11 (2000) 85�87 (E. Feistner).","French: Tegethoff 1923 I, 124ff.; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Basque: Webster 1877, 202ff.; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 276, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Peuckert 1932, No. 163; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 93; Uffer 1973, No. 12; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 516D*; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 30ff., II 1, 260ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 198; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 71; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 516D*; Sarian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Persian Gulf, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Spanish-American: cf. Espinosa 1937, No. 46; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: cf. Nowak 1969, No. 309, El-Shamy 2004.","James of Galicia). Two friends who look exactly alike assist each other in time of need. When one of them, in elder versions named Amelius, is challenged to a swordfight, the other, Amicus, who is a better swordsman, takes his place. Amelius remains behind with Amicus's wife, and puts a sword in the middle of the marriage bed at night [T351]. Amicus wins the fight for his friend. Later, Amicus contracts leprosy. An angel tells them that he will be healed if he bathes in the blood of Amelius's children. Amelius cuts off their heads to save his friend [S268]. The children are restored to life. Or, because his mother had made a vow before his birth, a young man goes on a pilgrimage. He meets a friend through an apple test: a true friend is one who, when he shares an apple, takes the smaller half [H1558.0.1.1] (who notices that an apple is missing). When the friend is killed (very ill) and can be cured only by the blood of the children of the young man, he sacrifices his children in order to save his friend [S268]. The children are later restored to life. Cf. Types 303, 516.","Documented ca. 1100 as a Christian legend in Vita Amicii et Amelii carissimorum. Central motifs (true friendship, exchange of roles, the healing property of blood of innocent children) were made into a folktale in Romance-language countries. The names Amicus and Amelius are only used in the Christian legend and subsequent retellings.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,517,The Boy who Understands the Language of Birds (previously The Boy who Learned Many Things),"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 193; BP I, 322�324; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 636; R�th 1998; EM 10 (2002) 1413�1419 (A. Schmitt).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 74; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 107; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 100; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 160; Danish: Hjemmets Almanak 1889, 31ff.; Icelandic: Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 17; Scottish: McKay 1940, No. 14; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Catalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Basque: Karlinger/Laserer 1980, No. 48; German: Behrend 1912, No. 13, Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 33; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 30ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1929f. II, 173ff.; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 15, 285ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 214 IV; Jewish: Jason 1975, Nos. 517, 517*; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. II, No. 74; Tuva: cf. Taube 1978, No. 30; Altaic: Radloff 1866ff. I, 208ff.; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Korean: Choi 1978, No. 123; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Ecuadorian: Carvalho-Neto 1966, 17ff.; Chilean: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","A boy who understands (has learned) the language of birds [B215.1, B216] is asked by his father to tell what he has heard. He is at first reluctant, but then repeats the birds' prophecy [B143, M312.0.2] that the father will humble himself before the son (will serve him, bring water for the son to wash his hands). The father pushes the son into the sea (drives him out, tries to kill him) [M373]. The son is rescued and goes into the service of a foreign ruler. By hearing what birds say, he frees this ruler from ravens that annoy him. The son is honored and is given half the kingdom, and he marries a princess. In his new high position, he goes back to his parents, who serve him without recognizing him [N682]. Cf. Types 671, 671E*, 725, and 781.","Documented in the Seven Wise Men, then by Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 520). The assistance rendered to the king and the winning of the princess take various forms.","671, 781."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,518,Men Fight over Magic Objects (previously Devils [Giants] Fight over Magic Objects),"BP II, 318�335; BP III, 406�417, 424�443; HDM 1 (1930�33) 574f. (W. Aly); Scherf 1995 I, 586�589, 710�717, 722�726, 759�761, II, 957�960, 1204�1207, 1234�1237, 1434�1436; R�th 1998; EM: Streit um Zaubergegenst�nde (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 75; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 108; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Catalan: cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; German: Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, Nos. 92, 93, III, Nos. 193, 197; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 20; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 219f., II 1, 416f., II 2, 209f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 198, 199; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Amzulescu 1974, No. 30; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 84 IV, 97 III, 174 IV, 205, 212 III, 213 III; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 60, 65, 86; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1986; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: cf. rgis 1967, Nos. 154, 156; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 270; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Puerto Rican: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 293; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004.","A (young) man on a journey meets three (two) men (giants, devils), who are quarreling over the division of three magic objects (e.g. cloak of invisibility, seven mile boots, wishing hat, flying carpet) (which they have inherited). The man promises to render a judgment, but he asks first to try out the objects (to run a race against the owners). He takes the magic objects and runs away with them. He uses them later to accomplish difficult tasks [D832].",Documented in the Chinese Tripitaka (492 C.E.). This type does not exist independently but is an episode in other tales.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 302, 306, 400, 566, 567, and also 313, 552, 552A, 560, 725, and 810."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,519,The Strong Woman as Bride (Brunhilde),"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 54ff. No. 22; L�wis of Menar 1923; Beyschlag 1963; EM 6 (1990) 745�753 (D. Burkhart); Scherf 1995 II, 973�977, 1162�1167, 1240�1243; R�th 1998; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 39.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 76; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 519*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 101ff.; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 40; Rumanian: Amzulescu 1974, Nos. 13, 21, 22; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 215 III (2); Jewish: Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 44, 87, 88; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1986; Tatar: Jarmuchametov 1957, 39ff.; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, 124ff.; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 154, 156, cf. Nos. 133, 201; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 265ff., 486ff.; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Buryat: liasov 1959 I, 36ff.; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: cf. Bergstr�sser 1915, 38ff.; Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Burmese: Esche 1976, 209ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Egyptian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. II/III, 14ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A prince falls in love with a powerful young woman who will marry only someone whose own power is as strong as hers. Suitors who try and fail are put to death. Although he is warned against it, the prince sets out along with a strong companion to win her [T58]. When they arrive, the helper storms the woman's defenses, slays her army, and overcomes the woman herself on his master's behalf [Z3]. He defeats her in single combat (using a cloak of invisibility): e.g. in a shooting contest with a giant bow [H345.1], in breaking her wild horse [H345.2] [F601.2, H345]. On the wedding night the strong woman tries to crush the prince [T173.1]. The helper secretly takes his master's place and beats her for three nights with whips made of three kinds of metal [K1844.1]. When the woman discovers the impersonation, she orders the feet of the helper to be cut off [Q451.2, S162] and banishes the prince to the pigsty [K1816.6]. The helper finds a blind companion and together they force a demon to heal them with Water of Life [D1500.1.18]. The helper returns, overcomes (kills) the strong woman, and rescues the prince [R169.4]. 530'559 Animals as Helpers","The figure of the strong woman is often documented in epic poems and heroic songs, e.g. in the ancient Greek myth of the Amazons and in the Nibelungenlied with Brunhilde.","300A, 303, and 315."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,530,The Princess on the Glass Mountain,"Tille 1892; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 55, 67; BP III, 111�114; Boberg 1928; HDM 1 (1930�33) 207�216 (K. Spie�); Krohn 1931a, 96�99; HDM 2 (1934�40) 627�630 (I. M. Boberg); Vries 1954, 60�63; Rieber 1980; Scherf 1995 I, 251�256, 530�534, 601f., 631�633, 736�738, 738f., II, 986�988, 1105�1108, 1113�1118; Dekker et al. 1997, 285�289; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999, No. 36; EM 10 (2002) 1343�1351 (I. K�hler-Z�lch).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 77, 78; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 48b(3), 97(1), 98; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 530, 530B*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 530, 530B*; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 530, 530B*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 17; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 1, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Kooi 2003, Nos. 3, 7, 112; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 328, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 22, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 3; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 11, cf. No. 12, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, No. 196, Berger 2001; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 2, 139; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 109ff.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 15f., 24ff., II 1, 148ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 154, 195, 302, 311, II, Nos. 374, 487, 570, 581; Slovene: Byhan 1958, 48ff.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 79�81; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, Nos. 7, 10, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 36, 50; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 36, Popvasileva 1983, Nos. 37, 48; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 231ff., III, 437f., Amzulescu 1974, No. 251; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 530, 530B*, Koceva 2002, Nos. 530, 530B*; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 13; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 54; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 530, 530A, 530B; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 73; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 530, 530B*; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 2; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 1, Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 151, 180, 201, 206; Buryat: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Littmann 1957, 179ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 122, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, 61; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1969, No. 78; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 II, No. F4; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 122, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 530B*.) A narrative in three parts with several different forms and combinations: (1) At night, a field (haystack, garden) belonging to a family with three sons is robbed (devastated). The sons keep watch. The elder two fall asleep (run away in fear), but the youngest (helped by a mouse, frog, old man) stays awake and captures three magic horses [H1471]. They promise to help him in the future, and he lets them go free [B315, B401, B181]. Or, hiding in a mound of hay, he is carried home by a giant. He kills the giant and finds his treasure (helpful spirits) and three horses [B315, B401, B181]. In some variants a dying father orders his sons to watch over his grave. Out of indifference (fear), the older brothers leave this task to the youngest [H1462]. At the grave he receives three horses, as well as a pipe (stick, bridle) to use to summon them. (2) The king's daughter is offered in marriage to whoever can ride to the top of a mountain (made of glass, crystal, marble) [F751, H331.1.1, H331.1.2] and/or take a golden apple from its summit. Or he must kiss the princess at the summit and take her ring or scarf [R111.2.2] In some variants he must jump up to the princess who sits at the window of the fourth story of a building [F1071] (and take her ring), or jump over a grave [F989.1, H331.1.3, H331.1.4]. The young man disguises himself and, with the help of the magic horses, succeeds three times. On the third time, the king (princess) gives him a token (marks him, he is injured). He goes away. (3) Messengers (king, princess) look for the champion, and/or all the men are ordered to march past the princess (the princess summons all the men to a feast). Through his token (mark, injury), the youth is discovered at home (in the king's household) [H80]. He marries the princess. In some variants the horses are disenchanted and become princes (princesses). Cf. Types 313, 314, 314A.","Many narratives classified as Type 530 in the catalogs have only the introduction of the type, and in some the motif of the glass mountain plays only a marginal part.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 314, and also 300, 301, 302, 313, 314, 314A, 400, 502, 530A, 531, 550, 551, and 675."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,530A,The Pig with the Golden Bristles,,"Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 52; Estonian: Viidalepp 1980, No. 68; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 32; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 525; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 124; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000.","A king commands his (three) sons-in-law to get magic animals: a pig with golden bristles, a golden-horned stag, wild boars from the sea, etc. The stupidest of the sons (another foolish boy) gets these wonders, but trades them to his brothers in return for their cut-off fingers and pieces of skin from their backs. At the feast where the brothers are honored, they are exposed as cheaters by the pieces of evidence shown by the fool.",NA,"314, 530."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,531,The Clever Horse (previously Ferdinand the True and Ferdinand the False),"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 133ff. No. 286; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 394�398, 467�469, II, 328�346; BP III, 18�37; Megas 1955; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; EM 3 (1981) 152�154, 4 (1984) 1011�1021 (W. Pape); Bottigheimer 1987; Gobyn 1989; Scherf 1995 I, 297�301, 454�458, 458�462, 528�530, 530�534, 541�544, 606f., 614f., 615�620, 637�642, 643�646, 790�793, II, 864�868, 1054f., 1291�1294; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 471, 472.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 79, 80; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 99; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian, Wotian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 1, Kristensen 1881ff. I, No. 21, III, No. 56, IV, No. 21; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Schier 1983, No. 25; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Meier/Woll 1975, No. 10, Cardigos (forthcoming); German: Ranke 1955ff. II, KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 126, Berger 2001, No. 611A; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 9, 39, 58; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 17, De Simone 1994, No. 81; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 36, 69, 84, cf. No. 49; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, Nos. 531, 531C; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 188ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 75, 105, 170, 215, 230, 256, 317, 333, II, Nos. 379, 485, 555; Slovene: Krinik 1874, 15f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 59, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 13, jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, Nos. 73�76; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1963, Nos. 37, 38; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 41; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 51, 65, 66, Eschker 1972, No. 28; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002, Nos. 513C, 531; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 37, Dawkins 1955, No. 10, Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 513C; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 56; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, cf. No. 509; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 77 IV (var. c, g), 81 (3�6), 207, 248; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 54, Jason 1964f., No. 513C, Jason 1975, No. 513C, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 195, MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdisch: Lescot 1940, No. 2; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, Nos. 513C, 531; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 117, 169, 192, 198�200, 202, 206; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 II, 37ff.; Tadzik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 7; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 171, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 513C, 531; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 176, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Campbell 1854, 48ff., El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 513C, 531; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, Nos. 171, 176, El-Shamy 2004, No. 513C; Persian Gulf, Oman, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004, No. 513C; Kuwaiti, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 513C, 531; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. 513C; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: cf. Cosquin 1922a, 395, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Riftin er al. 1977, cf. No. 61, Ting 1978, Nos. 513C, 531; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 531, 531**A; Panamanian, Puerto Rican, Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; Venezuelan, Bolivian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Littmann 1955, 37ff., El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 513C, 531; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004, No. 513C; Algerian, Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 197, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 513C, 531; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 513C, 531; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1076; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 4.533.","(Including the previous Type 513C.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a clever horse. The tale exists chiefly in three different forms, 'The Godchild of the King und the Unfaithful Companion', 'The Golden-haired Maiden', and 'The Clever Horse'. A poor boy goes in search of his godfather [H1381.2.2.1], the king (God, Virgin Mary, etc.) [N811]. On the way he obtains a clever magic horse that offers to help him [B211.1.3, B133, B401]. Against the horse's advice [B341] he picks up a glimmering feather (golden hair, golden horse-shoe, other bright object), which he later gives to the king. En route the boy is accompanied by a companion (devil, beardless man, Gypsy, etc.) who forces him to change places [K1934] and to swear silence. At the king's court the boy is employed as a groom. He helps different animals, who in return promise to help him [B350, B391, B470, B501]. A treacherous employee of the king (the boy's companion) slanders him to the king, saying that he had boasted he could find the bird that had lost the feather and/or to bring the golden-haired maiden (princess) as bride for the king [T11.4.1, H75.2, H1213.1, H1381.3.1.1]. On pain of death he is assigned to accomplish the dangerous tasks [H911]. He succeeds with help of his horse. The abducted princess refuses to marry the old king until she receives certain things (her castle, keys that have fallen into the sea, water of life, etc.). The boy brings these with the help of his horse and of the helpers he had met on his way (grateful animals) [H982, B450]. As the last condition for the marriage the princess demands the boy be killed (burned, beheaded, dismembered, by taking a bath in boiling milk or oil of a herd of wild mares, by water of death, etc.) The horse saves the boy or he is resuscitated by the princess, rejuvenated, and beautified [E15.1, E12, D1865.1]. The king has the same thing done to him with fatal results (the princess does not resuscitate him, he dies in the milk, etc.) [J2411.1]. The magic horse turns into a young woman (man) [B313, D131, D700]. The boy marries her (the princess) and becomes king. Cf. Type 328.","Classical origin for some motifs. Early versions see e.g. Basile, Pentamerone (III,7), Straparola, Piacevoli notti (III,2), and Madame d�Aulnoy, La Belle aux cheveux d�or.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 314, 327B, 328, 550, 554, and also 300, 300A, 302, 303A, 313, 400, 465, 502, 505, 513A, 513C, 516, 530, 551, 567, 590, and 1119."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,532*,The Magic Ox (previously Son of the Cow ),,"Syrjanian: R�dei 1978, No. 31; Hungarian: MNK II; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Schullerus/Brednich et al. 1977, No. 102; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Klaar 1977, 49ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","(God's Godson.) With the help of a (two, several) magic ox (cow), a boy plows the copper (iron, stone) field of the king. He marries the princess and receives (half of) the kingdom.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,533,The Speaking Horsehead,"Arfert 1897, 8�11; BP II, 273�285; HDM 1 (1930�33) 307�311 (W. Golther); Memmer 1935, 1�118; Rausmaa 1967; L�thi 1969a, 117�130; cf. EM 2 (1979) 155�162 (M. Rumpf); Scherf 1995 I, 67�70, 384�388, 699�701, II, 993�995; Dekker et al. 1997, 130�133; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM 10 (2002) 937�941 (R. B. Bottigheimer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 82; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 110; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A II, 475ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 254, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Stalpaert/Joos 1971, 194ff.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 249, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 89; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 75, 240; Jewish: Jason 1975; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 676, Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 18; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 111, 228; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 19, 41; Chinese: Ting 1978; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 13; East African: Arewa 1966; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 972; Botswana: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 972; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 1.3.533, 3.2.533, 7.408, Klipple 1992.","A princess is sent to her fianc', a prince of a foreign country. Her mother orders a maidservant to accompany her, and gives her a small rag with some drops of her mother's blood to protect her and sends a speaking horse to take care of her. When during the journey the princess loses her mother's charm, the waiting-maid gains control of the princess [K2252, K1911.1.1], forces her to change clothes and roles [K1934], and to swear an oath of secrecy [K1933]. The prince unwittingly marries the maidservant, and the real princess is employed as a goose-girl [K1816.5]. When the false wife orders the horse to be killed [B335], the princess persuades a farmhand to hang the horsehead on the wall by a gate where she passes daily. Every day she greets the horsehead with a formula, and it answers regretting the injury that is being done to her [D1011, B133.3]. When she speaks a magic formula to make the hat of a goose-boy fly away (to keep an obstrusive goose-boy away from her), he complains to the king. Thereupon the old king starts observing her and finally makes her tell her life story to a stove [H13.2.7] (her dog [H13.1.2]) (cf. Types 870, 894). The truth comes to light, the real bride marries the prince, and the maidservant is punished (she unwittingly declares her own judgment). Cf. Types 403, 425A.","For tales in which the bride is blinded (which Liungman 1961, 149ff. treated under Type 533) cf. Type 404. For literary precursors see the French Legend of Berte and Basile, Pentamerone (IV,7).",403.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,535,The Boy Adopted by Tigers (Animals),,"Bosnian: cf. Leskien 1915, No. 37; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 36; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 59ff., 474ff.; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 69, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 148; Chinese: Ting 1978; West Indies: Karlinger/P�gl 1983, Nos. 6, 59, cf. No. 62.",A boy is abandoned in the forest and adopted by wild animals (tigers). He is given a magic bow and a magic arrow (axe). The animals arrange a marriage for him. A monkey (barber) takes his place. The boy goes to live with an old widow who has a lovely daughter. He proves his identity by using his magic objects. He marries both the girl to whom he was betrothed and the widow's daughter.,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,537,The Flight on the Grateful Eagle (previously The Marvelous Eagle Gives the Hero a Box),"BP IV, 103; cf. Anderson 1923, 165; Haavio 1955; Komor�czy 1964; Levin 1966; Kinnier Wilson 1969; Freydank 1971; Kinnier Wilson 1974; Schwarzbaum 1979, 66�69; EM 4 (1984) 494�499 (W. R�llig); Levin 1994; Scherf 1995 I, 78�80, 125�128, II, 1142�1145; R�th 1998; Haul 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 83; Latvian: Svabe 1923f. III, 96ff. No. 40, 101ff. No. 4p, 108f. No. 4r, 111f. No. 4t, 112f. No. 4u, 114ff. No. 4v, 119 No. 4z; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Syrjanian: Belinovi/Plesovskij 1958, 70ff.; Swedish: Schier 1974, No. 32; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, 160; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. III, No. 31; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 245; German: Hen�en 1963b, No. 15; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 450ff.; Croatian: Smiiklas 1910ff. 18, No. 48; Macedonian: Miliopoulos 1955, 35ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 118ff., 138ff., III, 426ff., 428ff.; Russian: Ver�inin 1962, 59ff.; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, No. 28; Ukrainian: Popov 1957, 69ff., Lintur 1972, No. 36; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 34 IV; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 26, Jason 1965; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. III, No. 189; Ossetian: Britaev/Kaloev 1959, 88ff.; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 24, 28; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 4; Ostjakian: Gulya 1968, No. 24; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 35ff.; Uzbek: Afzalov et al. 1963 I, 35f.; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 34, 49; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Saudi Arabian: cf. M�ller 1902ff. II, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: cf. Levin 1986, No. 17; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 1.","A man aims his gun three times at an eagle. When suddenly the bird speaks like a human being [B211.3], the man spares it. The eagle has a broken wing and the man nurses the bird for several years until it recovers, spending all his wealth. The grateful bird [B380, Q45] carries the man on his back across the sea [B552] to his kingdom [B222]. On the way it frightens him three times by nearly dropping him into the sea (as the hunter had aimed three times at the bird). On the other side of the sea the eagle's father (sister) gives the man a box [D1174.1], telling him not to open it before he reaches home [C321]. Overcome with curiosity, the man opens the box on the way, and a town (castle) springs out of it. In order to put the town back into the box, the man promises his (unborn) son to the devil (supernatural being) [S222]. The tale is usually an introduction to Type 313B.",The tale originates of the Babylonian Etana myth (18./17. century B.C.E.).,"222B, 222B*, 300, 313, and 315."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,540,The Dog and the Sailor (previously The Dog in the Sea),EM 6 (1990) 1347f. (S. Ude-Koeller).,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 84; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 54; Danish: Kamp 1879f. I, No. 8, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 84; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 14; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, No. 443*; German: Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 13.","An unhappy sailor in misery tries to drown himself, but in the water (on shore) he meets a dog (poodle) who offers its help [B541.4]. On the dog's advice he takes it along with him to sea. After three heavy storms (several years) the dog orders the sailor to jump into the water. At the bottom of the sea he finds a castle and a beautiful woman. The dog had warned him of her seductive powers, so he kills her. Inside the castle the dog is waiting for him. After enduring three painful nights (after accomplishing special tasks), the sailor cuts off the dog's head, whereupon the prince who had once been enchanted by his mother-in-law (witch, father) is disenchanted [D711] and returns to human form.",Documented in the early 19th century.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,545,The Cat as Helper,"Rausmaa 1973c, 125�127; EM 7 (1993) 1069�1083, 1126�1131 (I. K�hler-Z�lch).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 492; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 545C*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 19; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Slovene: Bolhar 1959, 59ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, No. 115ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Laogr�phia 19 (1961) 569ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 94; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 58; Afghan: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 63; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 64, Ting 1978; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 58; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.",This type refers to a cycle of related tales; it combines episodes from types 545A and 545B.,Many catalogs refer to this type although the contents of the texts belong either to Type 545A or (and) to Type 545B.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,545A,The Cat Castle,"BP I, 331; EM 7 (1993) 1126 �1131 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); Scherf 1995 II, 949�953, 1133�1135; Dekker et al. 1997, 137f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 85; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 111; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 60; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 545AB; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff.; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 34 III 1; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988.","A poor girl reaches the king's castle with the help of a cat (dog) [B211.1.8, B422, B421, B435.1, B581.1.2], (her sole inheritance [N411.1.1]). On the cat's advice she pretends to be the princess of the castle of the cats. The prince falls in love with her (the royal couple receives her). When she looks out of the window and sees her parents quarreling of a pot of porridge, she laughs. Being asked why, she does not want to reveal her humble origin, so she pretends to have been laughing at the poor condition of the king's castle. The girl's noble origin is tested. When she says she possesses a castle more beautiful than that of the king, she is asked to show it. The cat goes to the castle of a troll (giant, giantess) [F771.4.1] and kills him (by making him look into the sun). The girl becomes the owner of the castle and marries the king (guests are received: The cat demands to be killed by the girl and turns into a prince [D711]. He marries the girl) [B582.1.2]. Cf. Type 505.","Very similar to Type 545B, esp. in its single motifs. Variants of Types 545A and 545B are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. Occurs mostly in northern Europe.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,545A*,The Magic Castle,EM 7 (1993) 1129f.,"Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 41, Holbek 1990, No. 16; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 512*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 545A; Greek: cf. Klaar 1963, 58ff., 67ff., Megas 1965, No. 51; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 34 IV 4, cf. Nos. 164, 132 IV 4; Jewish: cf. Noy 1963a, No. 19, Jason 1988a; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, 211; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 58; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 33; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 58.","(Including the previous Type 512*.) A poor girl gives all her food to an animal (cat, dog, fox) or to an old beggar (Christ). Afraid that her grandmother (mother, aunt) will punish her, she runs away and comes to a castle. (On the way, supernatural beings transform her adornments from flowers, snail shells, etc. into precious jewels.) She becomes queen. The grandmother comes and demands the food that she had given away. But the grandmother is pushed off the balcony (ladder), dies, and turns into a grapevine (tree), which continues to question the queen about the missing food. The queen laughs at this and her husband demands that she should explain why she laughed. She replies hastily that the toilet brush is more beautiful than his beard (her own castle or garment is more beautiful than his). The animal (supernatural being) helps her to prove this by giving her a bejeweled toilet brush (castle). In some variants a girl is cast out by her older sisters. On the advice of an old man, she goes to work in a castle. When the owner's son asks to see the girl's own castle, the old man helps her to produce one. (Previously Type 512*.)",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,545B,Puss in Boots,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 371f., 416, 558f.; Pol�vka 1900c; BP I, 325�334, III, 487; Wesselski 1931, 80�82; Roberts 1964, 39�44; Soriano 1968, esp. 171�179; Barchilon 1975, 13�36; Wolfzettel 1975; Escarpit 1986; Uther 1991; Uther 1992; EM 7 (1993) 1069�1083 (I. K�hler-Z�lch); K�hler-Z�lch 1994; Scherf 1995 I, 313�317, 491�495, II, 871f.; Dekker et al. 1997, 137�139; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 86; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. IV, No. 13; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 545; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, Nos. 28, 652, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, No. 545, Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 33, Tomkowiak 1993, 249f.; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 37; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1929f. II, 109ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 85, 102, 194, 282, 287, 290; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 53; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Laogr�phia 19 (1921) 569ff., , Loukatos 1957, No. 15, Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 34 (1�5); Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 155; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Tatar, Mordvinian, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 121; Buryat, Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *545; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sri Lankan: Schleberger 1985, No. 25; Chinese: Ting 1978; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 406 No. 179; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 545; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Venezuelan, Bolivian, Chilean, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian, Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. III, No. 26, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 52; Guinean, East African, Sudanese: Klipple 1992.","An animal (cat [B211.1.8, B422], fox [B435.1], jackal [B435.2], monkey [B441.1], etc.) intends to help a poor man (out of obligation) to become rich (by marrying him to the princess) [B580, B581, B582.1.1]. In order to gain the emperor's confidence, the animal tells him that the poor man is very wealthy [K1917.3]. When the poorly dressed future bridegroom travels to his bride's residence, the animal simulates an accident (robbery), in which all his clothes (horses, bride presents, wedding guests) are lost [K1952.1.1]. Thereupon the king gives the poor man good clothes and he is accepted as a bridegroom. When the man has to display his property, the animal leaves before him and coerces the shepherds and farmers to say that their herds and farmland belong to the poor man. The animal kills the real owner of the properties, a demon (dragon, ogre, giant, witch, magician) by burning, slaying, shooting or through a trick [F771.4.1, K722]. When the bride arrives with her entourage, the bridegroom presents himself as the real owner of the property. The animal tests the gratitude of the poor man by feigning death (it becomes a human when it is decapitated [D711]). In some variants the man behaves ungrateful or does not keep his promise.","Very similar to Type 545A, esp. in its single motifs. Variants of Types 545A and 545B are often mixed with each other or they are not clearly differentiated. Earliest literary versions see Basile, Pentamerone (II,4) and Straparola, Piacevoli notti (XI,1); important literary version see Charles Perrault, Le Ma�tre de Chat ou Le Chat bott� (1697).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,545D*,The Pea King (previously The Bean King),"BP III, 332; EM 7 (1993) 1076f., 1083 not. 61; Scherf 1995 II, 838�840; cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 7.","Italian: Pitr� 1875, No. 87, Cirese/Serafini 1975, No. 545C*; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovene: Byhan 1958, 124ff., Bolhar 1974, 76ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, No. 545C*; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 545C*, *545D**, Koceva 2002, No. 545C*; Greek: Hahn 1918 /, No. 17, Dawkins 1953, No. 63, Megas 1965, No. 33; Jewish: Larrea Palac�n 1952f. I, No. 58, Haboucha 1989, No. **859E; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","(Including the previous Type 545C*.) A poor boy finds a pea (bean) and imagines how many peas might grow from it. He goes to the king and asks for storehouses and sacks for his coming crops. The king is impressed and believes the boy is. He tests his noble origin by a bed-test (cf. Type 704). The boy is unable to sleep on the hard couch because he is worried about his lost pea. He marries the king's daughter. When the king wants to see the property of his son-in-law, the young man meets an ogre (devil, grateful ghost) who offers to give him his castle, but only if he can solve some riddles. The ogre tells all the farmers and shepherds on the way to pretend to be employees of the poor boy. An old man helps him solve the riddles. The ogre and his brothers burst, and the poor man becomes the owner of the castle and its land. Cf. Type 859.",NA,"545A, 812, and 1430."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,546,The Clever Parrot,,"Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 9; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Mayeda/Brown 1974, No. 75; Chinese: Ting 1978.",The king wins the gratitude of a parrot who takes him to a princess (the parrot brings a princess to the king). On the return trip the king and his bride are separated. The parrot reunites them.,NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,550,"Bird, Horse and Princess (previously Search for the Golden Bird)","Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 5f. No. 182, 8f. No. 273; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 264f., 537�545; BP I, 503�515; Wesselski 1925, No. 28; HDM 2 (1934�40) 6�8 (S. Liljeblad); Draak 1936; Wesselski 1938f.; Tubach 1969, No. 5214; Schwarzbaum 1980, 282; Uther 1981, 106�108; Gr�tz 1988, 202�205, 315, 368; Evetts-Secker 1989; Sorlin 1989; Bausinger 1990, 246f.; Sorlin 1993; Haug 1995; Bluhm 1995, 108; Scherf 1995 I, 510�514; EM 8 (1996) 838�841; Dekker et al. 1997, 149�153; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 375; EM: Vogel, Pferd und K�nigstochter (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 87; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 113; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926, Nos. 550, 531B*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. I, Nos. 132, 137, II, Nos. 83, 148, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 32; Livonian, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 48; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 312, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 210; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Uther 1990a, No. 26, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 57; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 71, Haiding 1969, No. 70; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 4, 103; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 2ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f., Nos. 25, 214, 230, 256, 287, 290, II, Nos. 379, 394, 555; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 5ff., 22ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1934, No. 13, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 9; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 9; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Amzulescu 1974, No. 30; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 550, *550*, *550**, Koceva 2002, Nos. 550, *550**; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 51, II, No. 72, Mousaios-Bougioukos 1976, 114ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 550, cf. 400B; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 76, 206; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 365ff., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 95�97; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 123, 124; Uzbek: Reichl 1978, 78ff., Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 2; Tuva: Taube 1978, Nos. 27, 33; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 173, 175, El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 110, 173, El-Shamy 2004; Oman: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Saudi Arabian, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 1995 I, No. B102.1; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 163, 190; Chinese: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 36, Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, No. 29; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 85; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: Baughman 1966, Robe 1973, Nos. 550, 560A*; Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, No. 550**B; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 550, 550**A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 307**A, 550; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Guatemalan: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Chilean: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 116, 173, 240, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 116; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 175, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Swahili: Velten 1898, 98ff., 119ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1080.","The type combines two different introductory episodes with a common main part. Introductory episodes: (1) Every night an unknown thief steals a golden apple [F813.1.1] from the king's tree. The two elder princes fall asleep when they watch for the thief, but the youngest is successful. He sees a golden bird [B102.1] and shoots one of its colored (golden) feathers [H1471]. (2) A sick king can only be healed by the singing of a golden bird. He orders a search for it [H1210.1, H1331.1, H1213, H1331.1.2, H1331.1.3]. Main part: The three brothers go on a quest for the golden bird. The first two meet a fox (wolf) which they intend to shoot. The fox warns them against going to a pleasant inn in the village, but they go there nevertheless. Both of them forget their father and the bird. The youngest son is kind to the fox, follows its advice, and finds the golden bird [L13, B313, B560, H1233.6]. Against the fox's advice he also takes its golden cage and thus wakes the guards. In order to save his life he has to go on a quest for a golden (magic) horse [B184.1]. Again, he also takes its golden bridle, so its guards awake, and he is condemned to death unless he brings a golden maiden (princess) [D961, N711.3, H1241, H1239.3]. With the fox's help [B435.1] he succeeds and finally reaches home with the golden princess, the golden horse, and the golden bird [H1242]. Against the fox's advice he releases his brothers from the gallows. They steal the bird, the horse, and the princess, and try to kill the youngest brother [W154.12.3]. They pretend to their father that they have brought him the valuable things [K1932]. The fox saves the life of the youngest brother (by using water of life). The golden bird, the horse, and the princess identify him as the man who rescued them. (He marries the princess [L161]) and his brothers are punished.) In some variants the king is healed by the bird's singing. Cf. Type 551.","This type occurs often in combination with Type 551, so many variants cannot be assigned to one or the other.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 301, 314, 531, 551, 780, and also 302, 303, 303A, 304, 329, 400, 461, 505, 513, 516, 530, and 707."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,551,Water of Life (previously The Sons on a Quest for a Wonderful Remedy for their Father),"Sch�ll 1890; Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 7f. No. 183, 72ff. No. 239; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 562f.; W�nsche 1899; W�nsche 1905a; Wesselski 1925, No. 28; BP II, 394�401; HDM 2 (1934�40) 6�8 (S. Liljeblad); Draak 1936; Dawkins 1937; Wesselski 1938f., 182f.; Tubach 1969, No. 5214; Uther 1981, 105�108; Bendix 1983; Jech 1989, 182�186; Sorlin 1993; Scherf 1995 I, 184�187, II, 816�819, 864�868, 1280�1285, 1305�1307, 1361�1363; EM 8 (1996) 838�841; Dekker et al. 1997, 408�411; R�th 1998; EM: Wasser des Lebens (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 88; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 114; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. I, Nos. 13, 106, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Bartens 2003, No. 33; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1884ff. III, No. 41, Holbek 1990, No. 17; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 560f.; Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 355ff., French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 166, II, No. 371, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 250, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 97; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 6, 31, Haiding 1969, No. 70, Haiding 1977a, No. 17; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 27, 66, XIV, 90; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, Nos. 8, 103; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 18ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f., Nos. 25, 214, 230, 247, 255, 256, 290, II, Nos. 379, 393, 394, 448, 555; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 18ff.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 15; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963/64) 491ff., Megas 1965, No. 53; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 57; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 72 V, 81, 206 III 1 (var. g, l), 215 III (var. p), 215 IV 2, 220 III (var. c), 374 III 1 (var. h); Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 29, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 10; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 135, 159, 169; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 4; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 94, El-Shamy 2004; Persian Gulf, Oman, Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Yemenite: Nowak 1969, No. 94, Daum 1983, No. 20, El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Lorimer/Lorimer 1919, No. 7; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978, B�cker 1988, Nos. 8, 16, 29; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 29�33; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican, Uruguayan: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Chilean: Hansen 1957, Nos. 551, 551**A; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 43; Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1887, No. 109, El-Shamy 2004; East African: Klipple 1992; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A sick king can only be healed by a wonderful remedy [H1324, D1500.1.18] (water of life [H1321.2], rejuvenating apples, phoenix bird [H1331.1], etc.). Whoever brings it [H1210.1] will inherit the kingdom. His three sons go on a quest. The two elder haughty ones are diverted from their goal. The youngest is single-minded and friendly towards old men (dwarf, eagle) who show him the way and give advice. With their help he reaches a magic castle that opens only for one hour. He appeases the animal guards (dragon, etc.) and finds everyone else asleep. He locates the fountain of life (golden apple tree) and takes the remedy [H1242]. He sleeps with a beautiful woman (princess) [N711.3, T475.2] and leaves his name (identification token) with her [H81.1]. When he leaves the castle it closes (sinks). On his way back he rejuvenates (releases) the helpful old men and receives magic objects in return. At home his unsuccessful brothers secretly exchange a common (poisoned) remedy for his healing one [K2211, W154.12.3]. They give it to the king [K1932] and he recovers. These brothers slander the youngest and the king orders him to be killed. With the help of his magic objects he is able to escape this sentence. Meanwhile the beautiful woman in the magic castle has given birth to a boy and has discovered the name of the intruder. She arrives at the head of an army and demands the father of her son [H1381.2.1]. The haughty brothers pretend it is they. They accompany her, riding beside the golden cloth (path) which the princess has spread, but they find that the gate at its end is closed. The youngest brother appears in rags, rides down the middle of the golden cloth toward the castle (is recognized by his tokens), and the gate opens for him. He marries the woman [L161] and becomes the ruler of the kingdom. The old king learns what really happened.","This type occurs often in combination with Type 550, so many variants cannot be assigned to one or the other.","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 314, 531, 780, and also 300, 301, 313, 314, 505, 530, 550, 554, 567, 590, and 968."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,552,The Girls Who Married Animals,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 419, 551�556; BP II, 190�199, III, 424�429; Hor�lek 1965; Paunonen 1967; Scherf 1995 I, 218�220, 226�228, 759�761, II, 853�856; R�th 1998; Anderson 2000, 150�152; EM: Tierschw�ger (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 89, 90; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 112; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 552A, Loorits 1959, No. 115, Viidalepp 1980, No. 72; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. IV, 266f., VII, 294ff., Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 552A, 552B; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 552A, 552B; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 552A, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 35; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 552A; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 552, 552A; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 552B; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 552AB; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, Nos. 552A, 552B; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, No. 246, Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 3, Kristensen 1898, No. 11; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 552A, 552B; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 552A; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, No. 552A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 223, 244, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 552A; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 250, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 III, Nos. 163, 197; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 30; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 552, 552A, De Simone 1994, No. 66; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 552A; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 3ff., 72ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 14ff., 27, 28ff., Michel 1944, 152ff., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 75, 210, 232, 266, 247, 255, 333, II, Nos. 408, 413, 448, 485, 582; Slovene: Ljubljanski zvon 11 (1891) 557ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 3; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 1; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 I, 401ff., III, 401ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 552A, Koceva 2002, No. 552A; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 12, Megas 1956f. I, No. 27, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, Nos. 552A, 552B, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 552A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 213 III, 213 IV, 218; Jewish: Jason 1975, Nos. 552, 552A; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 552A; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 98�100; Adygea: Alieva 1986, No. 552A; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 552, 552A, 552B, Sabitov 1989, No. 552A; Tatar: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 7, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 13; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 552, 552A; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 135, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 552, 552A; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 190, El-Shamy 2004, No. 552A; Iraqi, Oman, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004, No. 552A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 552B; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 552A, 552B; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., Nos. 552, 552A; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 552A; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 552A; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 18; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 72; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 190, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 552, 552A; Tunisian: Nowak 1969, No. 190; Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 552, 552A; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004, No. 552A.","(Including the previous Types 552A and 552B.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) Following the wish of his dead father and against his brothers' advice, the youngest son marries his three sisters to the first suitors who come for them [S221.1]. The suitors take the girls home with them [B620.1, B640]. On a quest for his sisters, the brother reaches the castles of his brothers-in-law and learns that they are the masters of the three animal kingdoms (men transformed to animals [D620, D621.1]; cf. Type 302C*). They receive their brother-in-law in a friendly way and provide him with magic means (parts of their body, feathers, hair, etc.) [B501, B505.1] to use to call them at any time (he leaves a signal of distress). With their help he accomplishes difficult tasks and finally marries a woman (princess). (He is dismembered by an ogre, summons the brothers-in-law, and they resuscitate him; cf. Type 302C*. They also recover his lost castle; cf. Type 560). (Previously Type 552A.) (2) Three girls who despair of being married say that they will marry any one even if the suitors are animals [C26]. Three animals pass by and take along the three girls as wives. When the girls' father visits his daughters, he finds food and other things magically provided by the brothers-in-law [D2105]. Later (at home) he tries the same method without success [J2411.3] (his effort nearly ends tragically). (Previously Type 552B.)","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (IV,3). The type occurs in two forms, but many variants are not clearly differentiated. The second form occurs mainly in northern Europe and is less widespread.","302, 302C*, 303A, 317, 400, 425A, 425C, 518, 554, and 560."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,554,The Grateful Animals,"BP I, 131�134, II, 19�29, III, 426�429; Basset 1924ff. I, 165 No. 40; HDM 1 (1930�33) 82�84, 90 (L. Mackensen); HDM 1 (1930�33) 253�255 (K. Heckscher); Wesselski 1931, 70�73, 124, 165f.; Besthorn 1935, 134; Wesselski 1942, No. 14; EM 3 (1981) 287�299 (C. Lindahl); Scherf 1995 I, 89�92, 146�150, 541�544, 597�601, II, 853�856, 1240�1243, 1301�1304, 1325�1328, 1380�1383, 1406�1409; R�th 1998; El-Shamy 1999, No. 5; Schmidt 1999; Muktupavela 2001; R�hrich 2001, 81�83, 202; EM 11,1 (2003) 131f. (H.-J. Uther); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 380, 383.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 92; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 100, 101; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 554, *554**, *554D*�F*; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, Nos. 554, 554*, Bartens 2003, No. 36; Livonian, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961, Nos. GS553A, 554; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kamp 1877, No. 96; Scottish: Briggs 1970f. A I, 470f.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 554, 556B*; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 369; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Pedroso 1985, No. 32, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 554, 554D*; German: Meier 1852, No. 75, Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 250, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 17, II, Nos. 62, 107; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 38; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, Nos. 2, 60, 646 No. 116; Italian: Visentini 1879, No. 21, Cirese/Serafini 1975, Nos. 554, 554B*; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini, No. 554B*; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 317f., 374ff., II, 2, 171ff.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 168, 170, 210, 273, II, Nos. 373, 376; Slovene: Kontler/Kompoljski 1923f. II, 37ff., Bolhar 1959, 23; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, Nos. 9, 13�15, Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, Nos. 42, 43; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 52, 90; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 197ff., III, 383; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Laogr�phia 5 (1915/16) 452�457, 21 (1963�64) 491ff., Klaar 1987, 18ff.; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 58; Polish: Krzyanowski 1965, Nos. 554, 666A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 61; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 369, MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 102, 103; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 20; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 122, 124, 168; Tadzhik: cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 15; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979, No. 554G*; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 554, 554D*�F*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 117; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 554, 554B*; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 220, El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Fadel 1979, No. 14; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian, Sri Lankan: B�dker 1957a, No. 1101, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 17, 61, 163; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Eberhard 1965, No. 67, cf. Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, No. 27, Ting 1978, Nos. 554, 554D*; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 123, 205, 220; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 154, 407 No. 184; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Wrigglesworth 1993, No. 28; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Cuban: Hansen 1957, 554**C; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, Nos. 554, 554**A, 554**B; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 222, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 554, 556E*; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 220; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 117, El-Shamy 2004, No. 554B*; Guinean: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, Nos. 2410, 4278; Angolan: cf. Serauky 1988, 206f.; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1084; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 4.554, 7.554.1�7.554.3, Klipple 1992.","(Including the previous Types 553, 554*, 554A*'C*, and 556A*'E*.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with helpful deeds of grateful animals. In numerous tales the type occurs only as episode. Most of the variants present the following basic structure: A man while travelling meets three animals (from air, water and earth) who are in trouble. Because he rescues them, they promise to help him if needed. Later he falls in love with a princess whose father sets three impossible tasks for him to accomplish. With the help of the grateful animals he succeeds on three successive days [B582.2, H982, B571] and wins the princess. In some variants a part is added in which the man accompanies his elder brothers. When they try to injure some animals, he prevents them from doing so or compensates for their misdeeds and carelessness. When they trample on an ant-hill, he builds it up again, when they leave wounded animals, he takes care of them, etc.",NA,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 302, 400, 531, and also 303, 313, 314, 317, 329, 402, 465, 513A, 513B, 551, 552, 552A, 556F*, 560, 570, 610, 613, 667, and 673."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,555,The Fisherman and his Wife,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 51f. No. 19; BP I, 138�148; Basset 1924ff. II, 18 No. 8; Wesselski 1925, No. 45; HDM 2 (1934�40) 129�131 (R. H�nnerkopf); Rommel 1935; Wesselski 1942, No. 5; Meyer 1942, 103�111; Schwarzbaum 1968, 9, 442; Tubach 1969, No. 3650; R�lleke 1978; Kallenberger 1980; EM 4 (1984) 1232�1240 (H. R�lleke); Runge/Neumann 1984, 41�46; Scherf 1995 II, 842�844, 1307�1312; Dekker et al. 1997, 277�279; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 93; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 119; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 37; Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 436ff.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, Guerreau-Jalabert 1992, No. Q338; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. I, No. 301, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 32; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 250f., Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 19, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 55; Austrian: Haiding 1953, 471; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 455; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 78; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1929f. II, 1ff.; Slovene: Tomai 1942, 209ff.; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas 1956 I, No. 21; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian: SUS, Nos. 555, cf. 555*; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 70, cf. 178 (V); Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 104; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Lebanese, Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 53; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 555, cf. 555*, B�cker 1988, No. 15; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 125; Indonesian: Vries 1925ff. II, No. 100, 407 No. 185; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Cuban, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Bolivian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 34; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 53, El-Shamy 2004; Libyan: Nowak 1969, No. 53; Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1086.","A poor old fisherman rescues a supernatural being (magic fish [B170], other animal, divine being, saint, ogre, man in form of animal) from distress (danger of death, imprisonment, transformation). Or the fisherman puts a fish back into the water [B375.1]. In return the magic being grants him (and his wife) that all his wishes will be fulfilled [D1761.0.1]. In the beginning they profit only moderately, but later the wife becomes excessively demanding (e.g. they wish to become noblemen, kings, and finally even God himself). The fish (spirit) takes back his gift and the couple is returned to their former poor condition or punished in addition [C773.1, J514, Q338, L420] (transformed to animals).",NA,"303, 563, and 1960G."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,556F*,The Shepherd in the Service of a Witch,,"Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; French: Ten�ze/H�llen 1961, No. 25; German: Hen�en 1963, 37ff.; Austrian: Zaunert 1926, 269ff.; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 28ff., 39ff., 63ff., Michel 1944, 48ff., Kosov�-Kole�nyi 1988, 45ff.; Serbian: Leskien 1915, No. 23; Rumanian: Karlinger/B�rlea 1969, Nos. 8, 11; Ukrainian: Javorskij 1915, No. 42; Gypsy: MNK X 1.","A father sends one of his three sons to tend the cattle (sheep, etc.) of a landlord who is a soothsayer (prince of sun, witch). When the boy drives the cattle to pasture, they suddenly disappear (in the forest, crossing a brook). He cannot follow them because he is confined in a tree (by a supernatural woman). After a while the cattle return, but he does not know where they have been or what they have eaten. Consequently he has not accomplished his task (and is punished). Then his brother tries, but he also loses the cattle. When the youngest brother tends the cattle, he succeeds with the help of the animals (the woman who had caught his brothers in the tree). By following the cattle, he learns that they transform themselves to women (daughters of the witch) during their absence. So he has accomplished his task [H1199.12.2].",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Helpers 500-559,NA,559,Dungbeetle,"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 93�95; BP II, 454f.; Propp 1939; Schwarzbaum 1968, 297; Tubach 1969, No. 1824; Scherf 1995 I, 244�247, II, 873�878, 1030�1032, 1423�1425; EM 8 (1996) 700�707 (C. Shojaei Kawan); R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 717�722 (K. P�ge-Alder); Levin 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 94, II, Nos. 89, 91; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 118; Scottish: Baughman 1966; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 412, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Austrian: Haiding 1953, No. 25, Haiding 1969, No. 15; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 231; Croatian: Vujkov 1953, 378ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 314ff., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 105, 106; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 170; French-Canadian, French-American: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 411ff.; Spanish-American, Mexican, Panamanian: Robe 1973; Bolivian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 139ff., Alcoforado/Alb�n 2001, No. 35; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Reinisch 1879, No. 9, Arewa 1966, No. 4203, Klipple 1992.","A (stupid, poor) boy (farmer's son, smith, soldier, old man) buys various animals with special qualities (from a supernatural being): a mouse (rat), a (dung-) beetle, and a crayfish (ant, bee, cricket, louse, flea, lizard). Or he meets (finds) the animals on his way and takes them along. The king promises his melancholy daughter to any man who can make her laugh [T68, F591, H341, H1194]. The boy accomplishes this by means of the amusing actions of his animals (dancing, playing music) [H982, B571, B582.2]. But he is not accepted as a bridegroom and is thrown into a lion's den. He is rescued by his animals, who also drive out the boy's rival (prince) by their characteristic behaviors: The dungbeetle carries away the prince's excrement [B482.2], the mouse makes him sneeze, etc. , or they torment him for three nights in such a way that he does not touch the princess but soils the bed instead. The king sends him away [T171] and the boy marries the princess [L161]. Cf. Types 571, 857.","Important version see Basile, Pentamerone (III,5).",571.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,650A,Strong John,"Singer 1903f. I, 63�77; BP II, 285�297, III, 274; Kruse 1922; Vries 1924; Loorits 1927; HDM 1 (1930�33) 172�174 (W. Golther); Scherb 1930; Merkel 1977; EM 1 (1977) 1232; Scherf 1995 I, 113�116, 268�271, 647�649, II, 894�896; EM 8 (1996) 318�321 (S. Becker); Dekker et al. 1997, 352�354; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM: Starker Hans (forthcoming).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 4, 12, 116, III, No. 2, Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. H55, K105, L61; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 141, 142(16,17); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Bartens 2003, No. 43; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. II, No. 4; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 499ff., 524f., 529f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 650; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 132, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 650A, 650D; Dutch: Kooi 2003, No. 30; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 6; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 20; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, No. 650, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 90, III, No. 166, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, No. 6, Berger 2001, Nos. 650A, 650A*, 650A**; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 8, Uffer 1972, 191ff.; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 41, 48, 65, Haiding 1969, Nos. 38, 103, 150; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 15, X, No. 21; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 171, II 2, 56ff., 87ff; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 13, 51, 96, 216, 277, 289, 315, 322, II, Nos. 378, 408, 475, 486, 551; Slovene: Nedeljko 1884ff. I, 65ff., Bolhar 1974, 34ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 175; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 421ff., III, 7ff., 58ff., 452, 475f., 479ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Hahn 1918 II, No. 75, Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 650, 650A; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 64a�c; Polish: Krzyanowski 1965 I, No. 650; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 146 V, 281, p. 414 No. 3; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 15, Jason 1965, No. 650, Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 499ff., cf. 541f., MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 118�120; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 78, 94; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 181, 182, 274; Uzbek: Keller/Rachimov 2001, No. 16; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 650A1, B�cker 1988, No. 24; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 7, II, 407 No. 197; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 3; English-Canadian: Halpert/Widdowson 1996 I, Nos. 23, 24; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957, No. 650; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan, Colombian, Peruvian, Bolivian, Uruguayan, Chilean, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953, No. 650; Egyptian, Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 178, El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. I, No. 438; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Klipple 1992.","A young man, born of an animal (son of a bear) or from a giant (troll-woman, forged from iron by a smith) [B631, F611.1.1, F611.1.11'F611.1.15, T516] develops great strength (at the forge, in the forest, in war, by suckling for many years [F611.2.1, F611.2.3], by his great appetite, by tests of strength [F611.3.1], etc.). Because of his enormous appetite he is sent away from home [F612.1, F614.1]. He works for a smith but (often) injures his master [K1411, K1421, K1422], who tries to get rid of him by setting trials of strength [H931, F514.2, F612.3.1, F614.6]. The strong man has to uproot trees, to catch wolves and bears (lions, etc.), to tame devils, etc. [F613'F613.4]. When he is sent to catch wild animals [F615.2.3], he harnesses them to a coach. When he is in a well and a mill stone (bell) is thrown on him, he wears it as collar or complains that chickens are scratching dirt onto him [F615.3.1, F615.3.1.1]. When he is sent to the devil's mill (hell), he drives the devil to his master's house [F80, F615.1, H1272]. When he goes to the king to be paid, the king shoots him (in vain) with cannons. The strong man accomplishes every task and overcomes all difficulties [F615] (kills his master and finally marries).",Introduction to Type 301.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 300, 301, 1000, 1063, and also 300A, 302, 326, 592, 650B, 820, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1007, 1029, 1045, 1049, 1050, 1052, 1060, 1062, 1072, 1082, 1084, 1088, 1115, 1120, 1130, 1132, 1535, 1640, 1881, and 1910."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,650B,The Quest for a Strong Companion,"Legman 1968f. II, 449; Masing 1981.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 117; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, Nos. 87, 88; Latvian: �mits 1962ff. VIII, 454ff., Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 650B1; Norwegian: cf. Stroebe 1915 II, No. 28; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Hungarian: D�m�t�r 1992, No. 22; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 1, Eschker 1992, No. 2; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Chechen-Ingush: Levin 1978, No. 22; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 121; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, Nos. 46, 61; Karachay: Lajpanov 1957, 22ff.; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Kazakh: Sidel�nikov 1958ff. I, 420; Kara-Kalpak: Volkov 1959, 53ff.; Kirghiz: Potanin 1917, No. 36; Georgian: Dolidze 1956, No. 96; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 73, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 650B1; US-American: Baughman 1966; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. II, No. 6, El-Shamy 2004; Ghanaian: Schott 1993f. I, No. 438.","A young man seeks a strong adversary to wrestle with. He stays overnight in a hut where two strong men live. When he discovers them, he secretly runs away. In his flight he meets a giant plowman and begs him to conceal him from the strong men in pursuit. The giant plowman hides the young man in his trousers (pocket) [F531.5.11], and fights the two men [J2631].",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,650C,The Youth who Bathed himself in the Blood of a Dragon,"Cock 1919, 153�157, 309�312; EM 1 (1977) 59�61 (K. Ranke).","Latvian: �mits 1962ff. VIII, 457ff.; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; German: Plenzat 1930, 46; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 64b; Rumanian: cf. B�rlea 1966 III, 268ff., 509f.; Persian Gulf: Nowak 1969, No. 160; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","(Siegfried of the Nibelungenlied). A strong young man slays a dragon and bathes himself in its blood. Thereafter he has a tough skin which no weapon can penetrate [D1846.4.]. He dies from a wound in the only vulnerable spot on his body ' his armpit, which the dragon's blood has not touched.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,652,The Prince whose Wishes Always Come True,"BP II, 121�128; EM 2 (1979) 499; Schwarzbaum 1980, 276; Meder 1996; R�th 1998; EM 9 (1999) 1352; EM 10 (2002) 1327�1331 (T. Meder); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 534.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. II, No. 118; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Berntsen 1873f. II, No. 20; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. I, No. 320, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, B�dker et al. 1963, 108ff.; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 76; Austrian: Geramb/Haiding 1980, No. 23; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 118ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 130, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 24, 91; Slovene: Nedeljko 1884ff. I, 48ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965, Noy 1968, No. 15, Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","A godfather (God, Christ, beggar, soldier, Virgin Mary, etc.) gives a prince the power to make all his wishes come true [N811, D1761.0.1]. An envious person (servant, gardener, cook, smith, general, dwarf, court jester, etc. [K2250]) learns about the prince's extraordinary ability, and kidnaps the boy. The servant smears blood on the queen's mouth [K2155.1] (clothes), so she is accused of killing and eating her son, and is imprisoned [Q455]. The prince is rescued and reared by foster-parents (woodsman [R131.8.5, N856.1]). The kidnapper uses the prince's magic power by telling him to wish for riches (castle). Later the prince falls in love with his foster-parents' daughter (a playmate he had wished for [T52.1]), who tells him of his true identity. The prince transforms his kidnapper into a dog [D141] and his sweetheart into a carnation [D212.1] (lily, rose) and goes with them to his father's court where he takes service as a huntsman. He identifies himself to his father. The queen is released and the malefactor is punished. The prince restores his sweetheart to human form and marries her [D630, D711.4, H151.7, L162, S451].","Literary treatment, see Basile, Pentamerone (I,2).","313, 407."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,653,The Four Skillful Brothers,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 76 No. 45; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. I, 298�303, 438�440; Farnham 1920; Wesselski 1925, No. 80; BP III, 45�58; Kretschmer 1930; HDM 2 (1934�40) 567�569 (B. Heller); EM 2 (1979) 903�912 (K. Ranke); Scherf 1995 I, 182�184, 195�197, 466�470, II, 1273�1276, 1330�1332; Tomkowiak/Marzolph 1996, 56�58; Goldberg 1997c; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; cf. Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 355.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 119; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 653*, Bartens 2003, No. 44; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 6, Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 17; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, No. 414, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 513C*, 653; BFP; Dutch: Sinninghe 1943, Kooi 2003, No. 4; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Tomkowiak 1993, 252, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 129; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 162; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 417; Slovene: Drekonja 1932, 48f.; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 247; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 I, 274ff., II, 405ff., III, 389ff., 451f.; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 513C*, 653, Koceva 2002, Nos. 513C*, 653; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 6, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 291; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A I, 521f., MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 97; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 160, 163; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, Nos. 34, 43, 44; Georgian: F�hnrich 1995, No. 48; Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Tauscher 1959, Nos. 24, 43, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 66; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, Nos. 17, 19; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 203, 461, 467, 469; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 497 No. 198; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Brazilian: Cascudo 1955a, 112; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 37, 37a, 37b, 39; Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 4291; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 4491(4); Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1111; Malagasy: Haring 1982, Nos. 1.4.653, 1.6.653.","(Including the previous Type 513C*.) Three (four [P251.6.2] or more) brothers leave home and acquire extraordinary skills [F660.1]. The first is a huntsman, the second a ship-builder (astronomer), the third a thief (the fourth a tailor). When they return home they demonstrate their skills to their father [F642, F642.1, F661.1.1, F661.4, F662.1, H504, H1151.12, K305.1]. They all help to rescue a princess who was captured by a dragon [R166, R111.1.3]: The ship-builder builds a fast ship to carry them to the island where the princess is imprisoned (the astronomer discovers the place of her imprisonment), the thief steals her, and the huntsman shoots the dragon (the tailor sews the ship destroyed by the dragon back together [F662.2]). Later each of the brothers claims that he should marry the princess [H621.2, R111.7]. In some variants either their dispute remains unresolved [Z16], or the brothers' father marries the princess. She may decide herself whom to marry. Sometimes it is proposed that she should be divided, and only her true lover objects (Solomon's judgment, cf. Type 926). Or, the winning suitor is decided by lot, or the brothers are given money or half the kingdom instead [Q112].","Indian origin see Vetlapa�cavi�matik (No. 5). Oldest European version is the Italian Novellino (No. 23) of the 13th/14th century. Other early treatments see Straparola, Piacevoli notti (VII,5) and Basile, Pentamerone (V,7).","This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 857, 945, and 1525A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,653A,The Rarest Thing in the World,"Chauvin 1892ff. VI, 133ff. No. 286; Farnham 1920; BP III, 47�53; Bascom 1975, No. 36,1�37; Jones 1976; Crowley 1976; EM 2 (1979) 908�910; Scherf 1995 II, 1330�1332; Goldberg 1997c; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Reuster-Jahn 2003; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 355.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 120; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, No. 575; Irish: B�aloideas 35/36 (1967�68) 156ff. No. 23; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Espinosa 1946f., No. 150, Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 156, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Peuckert 1932, No. 103; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 482f.; Italian: Schneller 1867, No. 14; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 61; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Hor�k 1971, 113ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 420; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Leskien 1915, No. 66; Greek: Klaar 1970, 148ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 463; Sorbian: Nedo 1972, 205ff.; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 291; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 19; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 21; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Kurdish: Mann 1909, 105ff., Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 26, 27; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: F�hnrich 1995, No. 48; Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Iraqi, Saudi Arabian, Qatar, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 24; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Filipino: Fansler 1921, No. 12; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Guatemalan, Dominican: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Romero/Cascudo, 284ff.; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 13; North African: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 7, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 173; East African: Velten 1898, 71ff.; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004; Ethiopian: Reinisch 1889, Nos. 3, 11; South African: Grobbelaar 1981.","A princess is offered to whichever of three suitors (friends, brothers) brings the best (rarest, most precious) thing in the world [T68.1] (three men with extraordinary abilities woo the princess). They acquire wonderful (magic) objects: a mirror (telescope, spectacles) which shows everything that is happening in the world [D1323.15], a flying coat (flying carpet) [D1520.18, D1520.19] and a fruit (apple, lemon, etc.) or an ointment that heals (resuscitates) [D1500.1.5.1, E106]. When they meet they use the telescope to see that the princess is sick (dead). They go to her immediately with the carpet and use the fruit to heal her (restore her to life). A dispute follows as to who is to marry her [H621.2, Z16]. (She chooses the one who loves her most.)",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,653B,The Suitors Restore the Maiden to Life,"Penzer 1924ff. VI, 261�266; Ruben 1944; EM 2 (1979) 910; Scherf 1995 II, 1330�1332, Goldberg 1997c.","Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 156, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 653A; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Top 1982, No. 8; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Beck et al. 1987, No. 8; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 98ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Cambodian: Sacher 1979, 353f., Gaudes 1987, Nos. 29, 46; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 13.","A woman loved by three (four) suitors dies [T92.0.1]. The first keeps watch at her funeral pyre, the second takes her ashes to the river (Ganges), the third (a wandering beggar) learns a magic formula that restores her to life [T92.14]. A dispute follows as to who is to marry her [H621.2, Z16]. Usually the problem is solved in a philosophic explanation: The one who brought the woman back to life is like her father; the one who carried her ashes to the river is like her son; the one who watched the funeral pyre is like her husband and therefore may marry her.","Indian origin, see Vetlapa�cavi�matik (No. 2).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,654,The Three Agile Brothers,"BP III, 10�12; Wesselski 1925, No. 20; HDM 2 (1934�40) 567�569 (B. Heller); Tubach 1969, No. 3638; Bascom 1975, Nos. 3,1�7; EM 2 (1979) 868�871 (K. Ranke); Hansen 2002, 426f.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 121; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 143; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 89; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 654A*; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Dutch: Overbeke/Dekker et al. 1991, Nos. 512, 2407, Kooi 1986, 114; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Moser-Rath 1984, 291, Tomkowiak 1993, 252, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 124; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: cf. Gy�rgy 1932, 47, 51, No. 16, D�m�t�r 2001, 287; Bosnian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 48; Russian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, 411f.; Uzbek: Reichl 1978, 40ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 203, 461, 467, 469; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; US-American: Baughman 1966; Dominican: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953.","Three brothers are sent out by their father to acquire skills. The one who learns best will inherit the house [F660.1, H504]. The first becomes a smith, the second a barber, the third a fencer. When they are asked to demonstrate their skills, the smith shoes a horse while it is galloping [F663.1], the barber shaves a running hare [F665.1], the fencer circulates his sword so fast that he stays dry in a heavy rain [F667.1]. The father either choses one of his sons, or, he leaves his property to all three of them.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 196). Early tall tale see Philippe le Picard (No. 1).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,655,The Wise Brothers,"Fraenkel 1890; Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 158ff. No. 438, VIII, No. 63; Fraenkel 1893; Prato 1894; Fischer/Bolte 1895, 198�202; Penzer 1924ff. VI, 286; Wesselski 1925, 222�225; Schick 1934f. I, 5�17, 236�252; ZfVk. 44 (1936) 79; Dawkins 1950, 324�326; Megas 1956; Schwarzbaum 1968, 204�221, 474; Tubach 1969, Nos. 500, 2611, 4964, 5391; Fabula 16 (1975) 80�88; EM 2 (1979) 874�887 (K. Ranke); Marzolph 1992 II, No. 416; R�th 1998; Hasan-Rokem 2000, 47f., 50, 58f., 60f., 63f.; Grayson 2002, 57�59; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 289, 357, 358.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 498; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 925*; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 655, cf. p. 159; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. II, No. 20; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003, Nos. 655, 655A; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 142, II, No. 314, Cardigos (forthcoming), Nos. 655, 655A; Hungarian: MNK II; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 165, IV, No. 486; Rumanian: Stroescu 1969 II, No. 4650A; Bulgarian. BFP, Nos. 655, 655A, Koceva 2002, Nos. 655, 655A; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 36; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 31, Loukatos 1957, 264ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, Nos. 655, 655A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 347 III, 348; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 114, Jason 1965, No. 655*C, Jason 1975, Nos. 655, 655A, Jason 1988a, Nos. 655, 655A; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 66; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 27, 97; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, Nos. 655, 655A; Uzbek: Reichl 1978, 91ff.; Tadzhik: Grjunberg/Steblin-Kamenskov 1976, 34f.; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 63; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 469, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 655, 655A; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 45; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 655, 655A; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 479; Kuwaiti, Qatar: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, Nos. 655, 655A; Afghan: Lebedev 1986, 130ff.; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Schimmel 1980, No. 12; Indian: Tauscher 1959, 178, Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 655, 655A, Jason 1989, Nos. 655, 655A; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 655, 655A, Schleberger 1985, No. 64; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 461; Spanish-American: Robe 1973, No. 655A; Argentine: Hansen 1957, Nos. 655, **656A; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 16, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 655, 655A; Tunisian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 655, 655A; Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 655, 655A.","(Including the previous Type 655A). A father leaves his wealth to his three sons. One of them steals diamonds (pieces of gold) that had been willed to all three brothers. In order to settle the case they consult a wise man. On their way they see tracks of an animal and make the following deductions [J1661.1]: It was a camel (horse, pack-animal), it was one-eyed (grass is eaten on one side of the road only) [J1661.1.1], it was lame (because of its tracks), it was carrying oil or honey, etc. (drops are seen on the ground), it had no tail (dung on a heap instead of being spread by the tail), etc. When they meet the owner of the lost animal he overhears their remarks, takes them for thieves, and brings them to the judge. They explain their observations to the judge and are absolved. When they are invited for dinner (by the judge) they say the meat is dogmeat [F647.5.1], the wine (bread) smells like a corpse [F647.1], and their host is a bastard [J1661.1.2]. On investigation all their statements are found to be true. The animal had been suckled by a bitch, the vine (corn) had grown on a cemetery, and the mother (of the judge) confesses her adultery. In some variants the judge tells the story of the noblest act (cf. Type 976) in order to settle the dispute of the inheritance. Based on his reaction he declares the youngest to be the thief. Or, the brothers are asked to shoot on their father's corpse, so that their behavior discloses the real son and heir (cf. Type 920C). In other versions the judge enforces another test of paternity [H486.1], or he pronounces another of Solomon's judgments.",Indian variants e.g. in Brhatkath of Kemendra and in Kathsaritsgara of Somadeva.,"725, 875, 920C, and 976."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,660,The Three Doctors,"BP II, 552�555; HDM 2 (1934�40) 85f. (W. Heiligendorff); Schwarzbaum 1968, 317; Legman 1968f. II, 640f.; Tubach 1969, No. 2310; Lacourci�re 1970a; Thompson 1980; EM 3 (1981) 742�747 (L. S. Thompson); Dekker et al. 1997, 110�112.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 122; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 144; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984, No. 660, p. 328; Danish: Skattegraveren 5 (1886) 3f. No. 3; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Dutch: Meder/Bakker 2001, No. 84; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 1993, No. 81; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Kooi/Schuster 1994, Nos. 169, 170, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 118, Berger 2001, No. 660*; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 153, 178; Italian: Ranke 1972, No. 10; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 446f., Dvo�k 1978, No. 2310; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 521; Slovene: Kocbek 1926, 39ff.; Greek: Orso 1979, No. 72; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1975; Gypsy: Briggs 1970f. A II, 293f.; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 19�32; Vietnamese: cf. Landes 1886, No. 45; Japanese: Ikeda 1970, Nos. 660A, 660B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; Australian: Adams/Newell 1999 I, 103f.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966, Baker 1986, No. 221; French-American: Ancelet 1994, No. 85; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 1862D�; Central African: cf. Fuchs 1961, 18f.","Three doctors display their skills [H504]. One removes one of his eyes, the second one his hand (arm, finger) and the third his stomach (heart), intending to replace it later [F668.1]. During the night a cat eats the body parts. A servant substitutes the eye of a cat [E781.3], the hand of a thief [E782.1.1] and the stomach of a hog [E787] (heart [E786]), and the doctors replace them without injury [E780.2, E782]. The one with the cat's eye can see best at night (always looks for mice), the one with the thief's hand steals, and the one with the hog's stomach is always hungry (sniffs and roots at the ground).","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 76).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,664*,The Soldier Hypnotizes the Innkeeper,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 123, 124; Lithuanian: Boehm/Specht 1924, No. 41; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 664B*, Bartens 2003, No. 45; Lydian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 664B*; Syrjanian: Belinovi/Plesovskij 1958, 145ff.; Greek: cf. Klaar 1987, 129ff.; Russian: SUS, Nos. 664A*, 664B*, cf. Nos. 664C*, 664C**; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 664B*; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 219 IV 5; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 664*; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 664*, Sabitov 1989, No. 664A*; Siberian: Vasilenko 1955, No. 20, Soboleva 1984, Nos. 664A*, 664B*; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 386.","(Including the previous Types 664A* and 664B*.) This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A soldier (passer-by) in an inn pays with pieces of gold that turn out to be buttons (small bones). When the innkeeper takes the soldier to court, the soldier hypnotizes the judge so that he thinks a flood is occuring. He is forced to go through a series of adventures without leaving the room. Returning to his senses, the judge acquits the soldier. (Previously Type 664A*.) (2) A soldier tells tales and by his magic power makes an innkeeper believe that he is a bear, that the soldier is a wolf, and that they are being chased by dogs, etc. The innkeeper falls out of his bed and comes to his senses. (Previously Type 664B*.)",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,665,The Man who Flew like a Bird and Swam like a Fish,"HDM 1 (1930�33) 240�248 (F. M. Goebel); Thompson 1951, 57f.; Mudrak 1961; EM 6 (1990) 871f.; Scherf 1995 I, 51�54, 339�342, II, 834�837, 1043�1047, 1047�1050, 1244�1247; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM 9 (1999) 215�218 (C. Habiger-Tuczay).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 125; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 131; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Loorits 1959, No. 119; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. I, No. 28, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 41; Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Danish: Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 19; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, cf. Boberg 1966, Nos. D630, D641, E341, Q42.1; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Spanish: Espinosa 1946, No. 42; German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 72; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1921, 303ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. II, 161ff.; Slovene: Nedeljlo 1889, 60f.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 60; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 27; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 65; Russian, Ukrainian: SUS; Siberian: Radloff 1866ff. I, No. 5; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 16.","A man (youngest of three brothers, cheated heir) is given the power of transforming himself into animals of earth, air, and water [D630, D150, D170, D117.2] by an old man in return for his hospitality (construction of a bridge) [E341] or by grateful animals [B350] whom he had helped [Q42.1]. He goes into the service of a king who has departed for war and has forgotten an (two) important object (magic sword [D1081], magic ring [D1470.1.15], telescope, war documents, gloves). The king promises his daughter to whoever can deliver the forgotten object immediately. The soldier offers his help. He reaches the castle fast by swimming as a fish, flying as a bird, and running as a hare [D641]. He presents himself to the princess in his different transformations. She gives him the forgotten object and keeps a piece of his scale, pelt, a bit of fur, and a feather for herself. On his return the soldier is killed by an envious rival [K1931.3]. The murderer takes the forgotten object and claims the reward. When the princess asks to see a second demonstration of the transformations, the cheater fails. She refuses to marry him and her father threatens to execute her. The soldier, resuscitated by his magic helpers [B515], arrives at the last moment [N681], proves his identity (identification by feather [H78.2] and marries the princess. The cheater is condemned to death.",NA,"301, 301D*, 302, 316, 318, 400, and 750A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,666*,Hero and Leander,"Erk/B�hme 1893f. I, No. 83; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. III, 240�243; Haavio 1955; F�rber 1961; Tubach 1969, No. 2580; Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 1122f. (W. Fechter); Frenzel 1988, 312�315; EM 6 (1990) 845�851 (J. Jech); Kern/Ebenbauer 2003, 558�560 (M. Kern).","Flemish: Duyse 1903ff. I, No. 43; Meyer 1968; German: Bechstein 1853, No. 978, Berger 2001, No. XIX H2; Austrian: Depiny 1932, No. 14, Haiding 1965, No. 39; Hungarian: MNK II; Slovene: M�derndorfer 1946, 234f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1978, 196ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 667; Kashubian: Lorentz 1924, No. 62; Indian: Jason 1989; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 666.","During the feast of Adonis in Sestos, Leander sees Hero, a priestess of Aphrodite, falls in love with her at first sight, and wins her love. Hero has been consigned to celibacy, so the lovers can only meet secretly. Leander swims every night through the Hellespont strait to see Hero who shines a light from the tower for him. One stormy night the light goes out and Leander is drowned. Hero sees his body and plunges into the sea to be united with him in death [T83].","Classical origin, e.g. Musaios Grammatikos, Ta kath� Hr kai Leandron and Ovid, Heroides (nos. 18, 19). Popular ballad.",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,667,The Wood Spirit's Foster-Son,Megas 1968b; EM 10 (2002) 947f. (P.-L. Rausmaa).,"Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 52; Swedish. Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hauken�s 1885, 306ff.; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 1, Levinsen/B�dker 1958, No. 4, Christensen/B�dker 1963ff., No. 115; Flemish: Meyer 1968; Greek: Konomis 1962, No. 2, Megas 1965, 300f.; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Yakut: rgis 1983, No. 110.","A boy, who had been promised by his father in a crisis to a wood spirit (demon, drakos) [F440], receives from the latter the power to transform himself into various animals [D630.1]. He frees a princess who had been kidnapped by the demon, and is thrown into the sea [S142] by a treacherous nobleman who claims to have rescued the princess [K1932, K1935]. The cheater is exposed, and the boy marries the princess.",NA,"302, 316, 325, 505, 552, 554, and 665."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,670,The Man who Understands Animal Languages (previously The Animal Languages),"Benfey 1864; Chauvin 1892ff. V, 179f. No. 104, VIII, No. 49; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 610f.; Aarne 1909a; Aarne 1914a; Littmann 1921ff. III, 762�823, IV, 7�97, VI, 689�690; BP I, 132f.; Basset 1924ff. III, No. 112; Wesselski 1931, 83; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90, 405, 483; Noy 1971; Hatami 1977, No. 71; Schwarzbaum 1979, 406, 542f., 546 not. 2, 548 not. 7, 12, 20, 549f. not. 26; Scherf 1995 I, 403�407; Dekker et al. 1997, 357f.; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 2, 3; EM: Tiersprachenkundiger Mensch (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 126; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 145; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 128; Livonian: Loorits 1926; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. II, No. 113, Skattegraveren 8 (1887) 157f. No. 674; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. T252.2, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Sarmento 1998, No. 1086, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Ranke 1955ff. II; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 2; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 426f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 203, 209, 252, 285, II, Nos. 373, 421; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 276ff.; Slovene: �a�elj 1906f. I, 230ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 19; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, Nos. 84, 85; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 426ff., III, 454; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Karlinger/Mykytiuk 1967, No. 39; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 48f., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 56; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 34, Jason 1965, 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 122; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari, Mordvinian, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 258ff., El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian, Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, No. 22; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 268, 471; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, No. 186; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 346; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Bolivian, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, Nos. 42, 42a; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Basset 1897, No. 108, El-Shamy 2004; West African: Klipple 1992; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3372 (1�3), Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 3372 (4, 5, 6); Congolese: Klipple 1992; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1115; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 4.670.","A grateful snake gives a man the power to understand animal languages [B350, B491.1, B165.1, B216], and tells him that if he reveals the secret, he must die [C425]. Once the man hears animals talking and laughs. His curious wife insists on knowing why he does so [N456]. Worn down by her nagging, he is about to give in and tell her [T253.1]. Then he hears a rooster say how easily he rules his many wives, while the man cannot rule even his one wife [N451, B469.5, T252.2]. The man keeps his secret and does not tell her anything. Cf. Types 517, 671, and 673.","Seemingly of Indian origin with European literary versions from the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (nos. 55, 61, 84) and later in the Italian novella, see Girolamo Morlini (No. 71).","207A, 671."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,670A,The Woman who Understands Animal Languages,"Schwarzbaum 1979, 542f., 545; EM: Tiersprachenkundiger Mensch (in prep.).","Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 85; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 118ff.","A newly married woman who knows animal languages hears jackals (other animals) saying that a corpse floating in the river has a valuable ring on its finger [N547]. She pulls the corpse from the river and removes the ring. (In order to remove the ring she has to bite off the finger. Her husband sees her, believes her to be a cannibal ogress [N342.6], and decides to return her to her family.) En route she overhears animals (birds) talking about where a treasure is hidden. Her husband learns the truth and they are reconciled. (The husband stays to guard the treasure and the wife goes to get her father-in-law. When he sees her returning alone, he concludes she has killed his son and is returning to kill him, and slays her before she has a chance to speak.) Cf. Types 178A'178C.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,671,The Three Languages,"Aarne 1909a; Aarne 1914a; BP I, 322�325; Wesselski 1925, 221f.; Craig 1947; Mudrak 1958; Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, 581; cf. Tubach 1969, No. 636; Schwarzbaum 1979, 542, 548 not. 12; Fabula 22 (1981) 210; Scherf 1995 I, 224�226, II, 1285�1287; Dekker et al. 1997, 357�360; R�th 1998; EM: Tiersprachenkundiger Mensch (in prep.).","Livonian: Loorits 1926; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. I, Nos. 77, 84, Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 670; Swedish: cf. Liungman 1961, No. 517; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Kvideland/Eir�ksson 1988, No. 17; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. B580; Dutch: Tinneveld 1976, No. 7; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Spiegel 1914, No. 4, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 33; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 78; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 6; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: D�gh 1955f. II, No. 98; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 30; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 70f.; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 13ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927 I, No. 17; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 43; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 34; Rumanian: Schott/Schott 1971, No. 64; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Hahn 1918 I, No. 33, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 668, 671; Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Stephani 1998, No. 49; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 15, III, No. 177; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 123; Azerbaijan: Achundov 1955, 217ff.; Yakut: rgis 1983, No. 253; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 171f.; Tuva: Taube 1978, No. 30; Indian: cf. L�ders 1921, No. 22; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 149; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, Nos. 268, 471; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: TFSP 15 (1939) 122ff., 22 (1949) 76; Mexican: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Ecuadorian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; East African, Congolese: Klipple 1992.","A young man learns the languages of dogs [B215.2], birds [B215.1], and frogs [B215.4]. His father, angry at such useless knowledge, drives him out and orders him to be killed. A compassionate servant lets him escape and substitutes an animal's heart as proof for the murder [K512.2]. By means of his knowledge of the dogs' language the boy discovers a treasure (he cures a sick princess and marries her later). Through his knowledge of the frogs' language he learns that he will be elected pope [H171.2]. When he arrives in Rome, two doves come to sit on his shoulders and he is recognized as a man worthy of being pope (birds indicate his election as pope [H171.2]). The two doves tell him what to do so that he will be elected pope, and give him advice on how to act. Cf. Types 517, 725.","Often combined with the Types 517 and/or 725. BP call the Types 517, 671, and 725 �three forms� of one tale. Delarue/Ten�ze call the three types a �cycle de la pr�diction r�alis�e�. Oriental origin (Seven Wise Men). Documented in Europe, see Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 520).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,671D*,To Die Next Day,HDA 8 (1936/37) 943; HDS (1961�63) 478�480.,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Dutch: Dinnissen 1993, No. 34, cf. No. 79, Bloemhoff-de Bruijn/Kooi 1984, No. 9; Frisian: Kooi 2000, 285; German: B�ck 1977, No. 22, Cammann/Karasek 1981 I, 270b; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 32, 299, 386, 515, 878, II, 38f., III, 334, 577f., 619; Austrian: Moser 1974a, 136; Ladinian: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 19f., 273f., 426ff., 438f., 631, 755; Rumanian: Fabula 23 (1982) 305; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, No. 23.","A farmer, overhearing the conversation of animals talking (during Christmas, New Year's or Easter night), finds that he is to die (is warned of death) the next day (very soon). The prediction comes true. Cf. Type 930*.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,671E*,A Magic Boy,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 127; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1978; Russian: SUS; Kurdish: Dalila et al. 1989, Nos. 24, 25; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 671E**; Indian: Mode/Ray 1967, 327ff.; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 50.","A boy understands the language of birds and can interpret dreams. A merchant takes the boy in payment for goods and orders him to be slaughtered. He wants to eat the boy's heart and liver in order to obtain his wisdom. The boy escapes. The merchant is called to the king to interpret a dream. He cannot do this. The boy arrives, interprets the dream, and exposes the merchant. Cf. Type 517.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,672,The Serpent's Crown,"Magnesius/Magnesius 1926; BP II, 459�465; HDA 7 (1935/36) 1199�1201 (K. Olbrich); Waugh 1960; cf. EM 7 (1993) 1240�1243 (W. Scherf); Scherf 1995 II, 1398�1401; EM 8 (1996) 491f.; Schmidt 1999, Nos. 672A, 672B; EM: Schlangenkrone, -stein (forthcoming).","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 431, Rausmaa 1972, 470f., Jauhiainen 1998, No. R21; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 672A; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 672*, Loorits 1959, No. 129, Viidalepp 1980, No. 92; Lithuanian: Basanaviius 1993f. I, Nos. 86, 87, Kerbelyt 1999ff. III, 193 No. 1.2.1.16; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 672A; Swedish: Liungman 1961, No. 672B; English: Baughman 1966, No. 672A; German: Bartsch 1879f. I, Nos. 366, 367, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 221, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 105, Bechstein/Uther 1997 II, Nos. 2, 46; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 7, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. III, 243; Austrian: Haiding 1965, Nos. 64, 123, 313; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 386f., Jech 1984, No. 42; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. V, 126f., Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 80, 88, II, No. 348, Filov�/Ga�par�kov� 1993, No. 88; Slovene: Schlosser 1956, No. 42, Bolhar 1974, 176f.; Croatian: Valjavec 1890, No. 31, Treimer 1945, 56f.; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 672, 672A, Vildomec 1979, Nos. 189, 190; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 20; Armenian: Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 98; Sri Lankan: Parker 1910ff. II, No. 131; Namibian, South African: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1731A.","(Including the previous Types 672A'672C.) This miscellaneous type comprises various tales dealing with a serpent's crown [D1011.3.1, B244.1]. (1) A man steals a serpent's crown. When the serpent pursues him he throws his garment behind him. A cook cooks the crown and learns the language of animals [B165.1.2] (and/or receives wealth [B112]). (Previously Type 672A.) Cf. Type 673. (2) A girl finds the crown (stone) of a serpent which it had laid down (lost) [B765.2]. The serpent dies (kills itself from sorrow) [E714.2]. (Previously Type 672B.) (3) A good-natured maidservant shares milk with a (sick) serpent (wearing a crown) [B765.6] (cf. Type 285) and is chased away by a farmer. When the maidservant marries a (rich) shepherd, the serpent, still grateful for the milk, appears at her wedding and lays down its crown of silver and gold [B112]. (Previously Type 672C.) Or, the serpent gives her its crown in return for her sharing her milk. Later, the maidservant, at her wedding, thanks the snake for its help and returns the crown.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,672B*,Expelling Snakes,"R�hrich 1976, 195�209, 321f.; Jech/Ga�par�kov� 1985, 79; Holbek 1985, 132.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, 473f., Jauhiainen 1998, No. D741; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3060; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. III, 83ff.; Flemish: Eigen Volk 3 (1931) 13f.; German: Peuckert 1924, 240, Wossidlo 1939 I, Nos. 399�406; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, Nos. 33, 74, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 231f., 246, 384, 430, 433, 469, 560f., III, 229f., 243, 279, 289, 290, 298, 302ff., 670; Austrian: Depiny 1932, 57 nos. 29, 30; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 113; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 175ff., 178ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 672D; Sorbian: Schulenburg 1880, 98.","A sorcerer undertakes to expel snakes from a certain region. He succeeds in decoying the king of the snakes (white crowned snake), but dies from a snakebite (is carried off into the earth with the snakes).",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,672C*,Testimony of the Serpent,"Anderson 1963, 93.","Swiss: cf. Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 31; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Greek: Laogr�phia 21 (1963�64) 491ff. No. 842B*, Megas/Puchner 1998, No. *672C; Jewish: cf. Bin Gorion 1990, No. 87, EM 8 (1996) 1332.","(Including the previous Type 842B*). A woman who owns (is friendly with) a magic serpent is raped by a prince. The woman asks the serpent, who witnessed the act of violence, to testify that the prince should marry no one else. (A prince calls a serpent to witness that he will marry a farmwife.) When the prince is about to marry a beautiful princess, the serpent twists itself about his neck. The first woman comes and frees him from the serpent on the condition that he marries her. (The serpent appears at the prince's wedding, twists itself about his neck, and unwinds itself only when he will marry the farmwife.)",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,672D,The Stone of the Snake,"Tubach 1969, No. 3813.","Finnish: Simonsuuri/Rausmaa 1968, No. 432, Rausmaa 1972, 471f., Jauhiainen 1998, No. R31; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 674*; German: Tietz 1956, 75ff., Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 217; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1907, 181ff.; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 378ff., 387ff., Dvo�k 1978, No. 3813; Slovakian: Kosov�-Kole�nyi 1988, 269ff.; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 177f.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 674, Vildomec 1979, No. 62; Byelorussian: Dobrovol�skij 1891ff. I, No. 33, cf. SUS, No. 674*; Ukrainian: cf. SUS, No. 674*; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 53; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A farmer falls into a pit in which there are serpents (and a dragon). He sees a serpent licking a (white) stone, imitates it and stays alive without food or drink. Finally (in springtime) he is rescued from the pit by a big serpent.","Documented in the Middle Ages, e.g. Gesta Romanorum (No. 114).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,673,The White Serpent's Flesh,"Benfey 1864; Aarne 1909a; Aarne 1914a; BP I, 131�134; EM 3 (1981) 288, 291, 297; EM 3 (1981) 823; Scherf 1995 II, 1380�1383; Dekker et al. 1997, 357f.; R�hrich 2001, 81f., 86; Hansen 2002, 462�469; EM: Tiersprachenkundiger Mensch (in prep.).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1972, 474f., Jauhiainen 1998, No. D79; Estonian: Loorits 1959, Nos. 130, 131; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Christiansen 1958, No. 3030; Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 143; Scottish: cf. Campbell 1890ff. II, No. 47, Briggs 1970f. B II, 578ff., Bruford/MacDonald 1994, No. 51; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; German: Tomkowiak 1993, 253, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 132, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 17; Czech: Jech 1961, No. 25; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 203, II, No. 373, Slovene: Vrtec 12 (1882) 129ff.; Serbian: cf. ajkanovi 1927, No. 61; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 668, 673; Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 673; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 57; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000; Saudi Arabian: Lebedev 1990, No. 12; Chinese: Ting 1978; Brazilian: cf. Cascudo 1955b, 117ff.","(Including the previous Types 671C* and 672D*.) Contrary to a warning, a servant (cook) eats the flesh of a white serpent (from the king's pot), whereupon he understands the speech of animals (birds) [B217.1.1] (cf. Types 670, 672 [1]). Or, a boy (driver) tastes the meat of a white snake that has been prepared by a healer (farmer), whereupon he understands the language of the grass and trees. (Previously Type 672D*.) When he is accused of stealing a ring this knowledge enables him to prove his innocence. By overhearing the conversation of ducks he learns that one of them has swallowed the queen's ring that fell from the window [N451]. (Previously Type 671C*.) He orders the duck to be slaughtered, the ring is found, and he is saved. (He learns that the ring is in the stomach of a grateful fish, who brings it back [cf. Type 736A]).","This Type is usually found in combination with Type 554, which follows this introduction.","305, 554."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,674,Incest Averted by Talking Animals,"Schwarzbaum 1968, 184, 217, 445; cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 39.","Latvian: �mits 1962ff. IX, 77ff.; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 441ff., III, 454; Ukrainian: endej 1959, 261ff.; Jewish: Jason 1965, EM 8 (1996) 1332; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Blackburn 2001, No. 32; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A princess, abandoned by or separated from her husband, gives birth to a son. The son is taken from her by trickery and he grows up without knowing his true mother. When grown up, he sees his mother, falls in love with her [N365.1.1], and goes to her at night to become her lover. On the way he overhears animals (calves) talking [N451] and learns the truth.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,675,The Lazy Boy,"Wesselski 1911 II, No. 439; BP I, 485�489; Roberts 1964; Schwarzbaum 1968, 90; Uther 1981, 53; Scherf 1995 I, 163�166, 544�546, 564f., II, 896�900, 935f., 1137�1139; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; EM 7 (1993) 763�769 (R. B. Bottigheimer).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 128; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 142; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 132, Viidalepp 1980, No. 93; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 9; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929, Nos. 574*, 675; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish, Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900f. I, No. 60, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; German: Ranke 1955ff. III, Grimm KHM/R�lleke 1986 I, No. 54, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 16; Austrian: Haiding 1969, Nos. 33, 171, 180; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 54; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, De Simone 1994, No. 3; Corsican: Massignon 1963, No. 66; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 1, 303ff.; Slovene: Bolhar 1974, 63ff.; Serbian: Eschker 1992, No. 15; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 21; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, No. 39, epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 I, No. 54; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, B�rlea 1966 II, 381ff., III, 448; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Albanian: Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 14; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 125ff., Diller 1982, No. 30, Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 69; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. IV, Nos. 247, 262, MNK X 1, Nos. 675, 675*; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 124; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Chuvash, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 37; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Puerto Rican: Hansen; Guatemalan, Argentine: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Chilean: Pino Saavedra 1967, Nos. 21, 38; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, No. 36; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 74.","(Including the previous Type 675*). A lazy stupid boy [L114.1] releases a fish (frog, serpent, supernatural being), which gives him the power of making all his wishes come true [B375.1, D1761.0.1]. The lazy boy then makes an axe cut trees itself [D1601], water carry itself, a wagon move itself [D1523.1], an oven carry him, etc. When the princess laughs at him, he wishes her pregnant [T513] (from eating an apple, etc.). She does not know the father of her beautiful child. The king orders a test of paternity [H486], and the child picks the lazy boy out as father [H481] (by handing him an apple [H481.1], ball, golden ball). The king orders father and mother (and child) to be abandoned in a cask in the sea [S141] (in the mountains [S147]). By the power of wishing they reach land. The young man wishes to be beautified and makes a castle appear next to the king's [D1131.1]. When the king comes to visit, the young man wishes that an object (golden apple, golden cup) would appear in his pocket [L175]. The king is accused of stealing. Thus he is shown that the appearance of guilt and innocence (unwitting pregnancy, unwitting theft) is often deceptive.","Early versions see Straparola, Piacevoli notti (III,1) and Basile, Pentamerone (I,3).","530, 561, 592, 707, and 1115."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,677,Iron Is More Precious than Gold,"Trautmann 1935, 230f.; EM 3 (1981) 1084�1093 (U. Masing).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 130; Estonian: Aarne 1918, Viidalepp 1980, No. 95; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II, No. 737A*; Wepsian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Azerbaijan: Hermann/Schwind 1951, No. 9; Tadzhik: cf. Amonov 1961, 240ff.; Lebanese, Iraqi, Egyptian, Algerian, Sudanese: cf. El-Shamy 2004, No. 737A*.","An unlucky man asks his king for advice about what he should do. The princess advises him to marry because the luck of his wife (children) could counteract his own bad luck. The king allows him to marry the princess. When she sends him out to sell her needlework, he trades it for (threefold) pieces of good advice. He does not dare to return home without any money and finds work on a ship. When the ship is becalmed, he is sent down to the bottom of the sea to repair it, and there he settles a quarrel between two spirits: What is more precious (more useful, harder): gold (diamond, silver, copper) or iron (steel, copper) He gives a (diplomatic) answer (following the first good advice). He receives a bag of (precious) stones as a reward and returns to the ship. Together with the merchants he reaches a strange country where the king favours him because of his jewels. The merchants are jealous and make a bet as to who is the richest of them. Following the second advice, he wins the wager and with it all the servants and the ship. He continues to travel and trades for 7'30 years. Finally he returns home and finds his wife sleeping between two strange men. When he is about to kill all three, he remembers the third piece of advice, to think before he acts. He finds that the men are his two grown-up sons. Cf. Type 910B.",Types 677 and 986 are not clearly differentiated.,"910B, 986."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,677*,Below the Sea,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 500; Livonian, Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian: SUS; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Turkmen: Reichl 1986, No. 50; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979; Japanese: Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.","A boy (man) who is skilled in playing an instrument finds himself in a submarine kingdom, entertains the king of the sea, chooses a bride for himself, and returns to earth.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,678,The King Transfers his Soul to a Parrot,"Chauvin 1892ff. V, 286ff. No. 171, VIII, 157f. No. 162; Benfey et al. 1932, 72�82; Brunner Ungricht 1998, 149�158; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 441; EM: Seelentier (forthcoming).","Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 171; Tadzhik: Rozenfel�d/Rykovoj 1990, No. 22; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 171; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Mongolian: Mostaert 1947, No. 60; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978.","A king learns how to transfer his soul [E725] into dead bodies and so does his servant (another person). The king transfers his soul into a parrot, and the servant transfers his soul into the king's body. The queen discovers the truth. She tricks the servant into leaving the body of the king, and the king returns to his own body.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,681,Relativity of Time (previously King in the Bath; Years of Experience in a Moment),"Germania 2 (1857) 431�434; Chauvin 1892ff. VII, 100ff. No. 376, 102f. No. 377, 104 No. 378; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 210�212; Basset 1924ff. III, 552 No. 337; Penzer 1924ff. VII, 244�249; Wesselski 1925, No. 65; Ting 1981; Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, Nos. 412, 435, 443, 456; EM 11,2 (2004) 532�537 (S. Naithani).","Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 81(3); Polish: Bukowska-Gro�e/Koschmieder 1967, No. 69; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 134; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 64, Jason 1965, No. 681*A, Jason 1975, No. 681*A, Jason 1976, No. 25; Abkhaz: �akryl 1975, No. 35; Georgian: Levin 1978, No. 23; Lebanese: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi, Oman, Kuwaiti: El-Shamy 2004; Saudi Arabian: Jahn 1970, No. 24; Indian: Jason 1989; Chinese: Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971; Egyptian: El-Shamy 1980, No. 5, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Moroccan, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","This miscellaneous type comprises various tales mostly from China and other east Asian areas, dealing with a ruler who learns about the relativity of time. In Chinese variants he experiences a long space of time in a moment by having a dream (sometimes caused by drugs), in Indian variants by putting his head under water, in other (often Asian) variants, the vision takes place by magic [D2012.1]. Cf. Type 471A.","Chinese origin, see The Book of Lieh-Tzu. Early European version, see Magnum Speculum Exemplorum (Alsheimer 1971, 125f. No. 35).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Power Or Knowledge 650-699,NA,682,Meditation on the Trinity,"Bolte 1906; ZfVk. 21 (1911) 338; Brechenmacher 1916; Wesselski 1936a, 66�70; Odenius 1969; Tubach 1969, No. 4986; EM 1 (1977) 1017�1019 (H.-W. N�rterheuser); EM 3 (1981) 966.","Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 4986 (Tubach); German: Pr�hle 1853, No. 43, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 257; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 221, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 327, D�m�t�r 2001, 292; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 4986; Jewish: Bin Gorion 1990, 92; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. H1113.1; Chinese: Chavannes 1910ff. I, 36, II, 310; Egyptian: Roeder 1927, 313.","A man (philosopher, St. Augustine), meditating on the mystery of the Trinity, sees a child trying to empty the sea into a little hole at the shore. The child states that he could better bail out the sea with a thimble [H1113.1] than the man would be able to understand the secret of the Trinity. The child disappears.","Documented in the 13th century by Jacobus de Voragine, Sermones dominicales (3rd sermon). Other early European version, see Magnum Speculum Exemplorum (Alsheimer 1971, 117).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,460A,The Journey to God (Fortune) (previously The Journey to God to Receive Reward),"Aarne 1916, 122�180; BP I, 292f.; Scherf 1995 I, 370�372, II, 1091�1096, 1398�1401; R�th 1998, 80; EM 11,2 (2004) 514�521 (S. Schott).","Estonian: cf. Loorits 1959, No. 151; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 461A, Bartens 2003, No. 27; Swedish: Liungman 1961, 110ff.; Icelandic: Schier 1983, No. 10; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 705, Cardigos (forthcoming); Flemish: cf. Meyer 1968, No. 702A*, Lox 1999a, No. 31; German: Birlinger 1871, 261ff., cf. Jahn 1889, No. 54; Austrian: Zingerle 1870, No. 40; Ladinian: Uffer 1973, No. 55; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: Sklarek 1901, No. 2; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. III, 1ff., 20, Ga�par�kov� 1991f. II, No. 524; Serbian: jorjevi/Milo�evi-jorjevi 1988, No. 89; Bosnian: Popvasileva 1983, 16, 28f., 42; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 III, No. 303; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 460B, *460D, *461A*, cf. Nos. *460C, *461*; Albanian: Mazon 1936, No. 71, cf. Lambertz 1952, 138ff., Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 35; Greek: Loukatos 1957, 220ff., Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, No. 460A, cf. No. *460B; Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 126, 127; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 460*C, Jason 1975, No. 460*C, Jason 1988a, Nos. 460A, 460*C, Haboucha 1992, No. 461A; Dagestan: Chalilov 1965, No. 83, Levin 1978, No. 8; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Chuvash, Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 461A; Kurdish: Mann 1909, No. 12, Wentzel 1978, No. 30; Armenian: Hermann/Schwind 1951, 127ff., Hoogasian-Villa 1966, No. 25; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 192, cf. Nos. 139, 210; Turkmen: Stebleva 1969, No. 39; Tadzhik: Amonov 1961, 212ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 460B; Mingril: Bleichsteiner 1919, 182ff.; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 427, El-Shamy 2004, No. 461A; Saudi Arabian: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *461; Afghan: Levin 1986, No. 23; Pakistani: Schimmel 1980, No. 1; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 47, Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 461A, Jason 1989, No. 461A, Blackburn 2001, No. 84; Nepalese: Sakya/Griffith 1980, 102ff.; Chinese: Ting 1978, No. 461A, B�cker 1988, Nos. 5, 10; Korean: cf. Choi 1979, No. 242; Vietnamese: Karow 1972, Nos. 9, 15, 60, cf. No. 62; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 55, II, 406 No. 166, Kratz 1978, No. 9; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 460B, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff., No. 461A; Spanish-American: TFSP 32 (1964) 33�37; Nicaraguan: cf. Karlinger/P�gl 1983, No. 60; Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 460A, 461A; Algerian: Frobenius 1921ff. I, No. 53, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 460A, 461A; Moroccan: Dermenghem 1945, 95ff., Laoust 1949, No. 126, Topper 1986, No. 55, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 460A, 461A; East African: Meinhof 1991, No. 9; Sudanese: cf. El-Shamy 1999, No. 42, El-Shamy 2004, No. 461A; Central African: Lambrecht 1967, No. 4175; Malagasy: Hambruch 1922, No. 30.","(Including the previous Types 461A and 702A*.) A beggar wants to know why he is so poor. Or, a man has heard that God returns alms given away a thousand times [J1262.5.1]. This does not happen to him, so he goes to complain to God. On his journey to God (fortune, sun) the hero meets men, animals and objects that asks him (three) questions which he should ask God [H1291]: e.g. (1) a wolf (lion) asks why he is never full after eating (answer: he has to eat a stupid person), (2) a tree asks why it is so dry (answer: a treasure is buried under the roots), (3) a king asks why he cannot enlarge his kingdom by war (answer: she is a queen and she should marry), (4) some young women ask why they are not married (answer: they throw the dirt into the sun), (5) a fish asks why he is alone in a river (answer: he should drown or devour somebody), (6) a river wants to know why there is no life in it (answer: it should drown somebody). God answers the questions and on the homeward journey the traveler passes on the answers and is rewarded [H1292]. In some variants the traveler disclaims the rewards because God promised him wealth when he comes home. The wolf eats him up because the traveler is the most stupid person it ever met.",460A and 460B are not clearly differentiated.,"461, 1735."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,460B,The Journey in Search of Fortune,"Aarne 1916, 122�180; Schwarzbaum 1968, 260; EM 11,2 (2004) 514�521 (S. Schott).","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 51; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 100; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 947B*; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 27; Swedish: Liungman 1961, 110ff.; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, Nos. 460B, 947B*; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Ladinian: Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 7; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Serbian: Karadi 1937, No. 13, Pani-Surep 1964, No. 29, Eschker 1992, No. 17; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 38; Bosnian: Dizdar 1955, 216ff., Popvasileva 1983, 16, 28, 42; Macedonian: epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 111�113; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 II, 107ff., 116ff., 425f.; Albanian: Lambertz 1952, 83ff., Camaj/Schier-Oberdorffer 1974, No. 41; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 947B*, cf. No. *947B**, Koceva 2002; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 35, Dawkins 1953, No. 79, Klaar 1970, 71ff. 77ff., Megas/Puchner 1998, No. 947B*, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, No. 460B; Polish: Piprek 1918, 118ff.; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 130; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1975, No. 947B*, Jason 1988b, No. 947B*, Haboucha 1992, No. 947C*; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 76; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Azerbaijan: Sorokine 1965, 13ff.; Kurdish: Druinina 1959, 95ff.; Armenian: Macler 1928f. I, 93ff.; Mongolian: Michajlov 1962, 50ff., 60ff.; Georgian: Dolidze 1960, 214ff.; Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Afghan: Lebedev 1955, No. 21; Pakistani, Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Vietnamese: Landes 1886, Nos. 59, 62; Argentine: Hansen 1957; Egyptian, Tunisian: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 947B* and 947C*.) Two brothers live together on their farm but only one of them does the work. This brother wants to divide the farm so he can run his part alone. He works harder than his brother but after a while he wonders why the farm of his lazy brother is more successful. He goes to find Fortune to ask her why [H1281]. On his way he meets things and people that give him questions, and he promises to ask Fortune for answers. When he arrives at Fortune he is told that he was born on an unlucky day. He sees that Fortune from day to day has less to eat. When her servants tell her how many people are born on that day she orders that they should have as much as she had on that day [N127.0.1]. On the homeward journey, the man answers the questions of the things and people he has met. Cf. Types 460A, 735. Sometimes he marries a lucky woman who brings him good luck. Later he gives someone who had asked him about the owner of the farm an untrue answer, and loses his luck. Cf. Type 737B*.",460A and 460B are not clearly differentiated.,460A.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,461,Three Hairs from the Devil's Beard,"Aarne 1916; BP I, 276�293; Tille 1919; L�thi 1969a, 70�84; MacDonald 1982, No. H1273.2; EM 6 (1990) 343�348 (U. Marzolph); Scherf 1995 I, 629�631, II, 1181�1186, 1277�1280, 1357�1360; Dekker et al. 1997, 112�115; R�th 1998; Schmidt 1999; R�hrich 2002, 298�309.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 52; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 89, II, No. 286(7); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Livonian, Lappish, Wepsian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1876ff. I, No. 12; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 181ff., Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 46; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 29, III, No. 165; Austrian: Haiding 1953, 179ff.; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 21; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. 1, 141; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 83, 343, cf. No. 95, II, No. 373, cf. No. 524; Slovene: Nedeljko 1889, 27ff.; Greek: Kretschmer 1917, No. 27, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, Nos. 44, 57; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 125 IV b; Jewish: Noy 1963a, Nos. 63, 71, 97, Jason 1965; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 171, cf. Nos. 139, 210; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian, Palestinian, Iraqi: El-Shamy 2004; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, No. 31; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 242; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. II, 406 No. 167; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Thompson 1919, 387f.; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican, Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Guatemalan, Ecuadorian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Cape Verdian: Parsons 1923b I, 304; Egyptian, Moroccan: El-Shamy 2004; Namibian: Schmidt 1989 II, No. 1055.","A poor young man wants to marry the daughter of a king (rich man). Her father tries to get rid of the young man by sending him to the devil (ogre) to bring him three hairs of the devil's beard [H1273.2]. On his way some objects and animals ask the young man to ask the devil some questions [H1291]. A well wants to know why it has dried up, a tree wants to know why it is withered and the ferryman who rows the hero to the devil wants to know when he will be replaced. With the help of the devil's mother (grandmother, wife) [G530.1], who asks her son when she louses him or when he is asleep, the young man gets the three hairs and the answers to his questions [H1292]. The ferryman has to give the oar to someone else [Q521.5], the spring of the well is blocked by a frog [A1111], and the roots of the tree are damaged by a treasure (snake). For his answers and help the young man receives a large reward, and the king has to accept him as son-in-law. The greedy king also wants to get treasures on the way to the devil, but he becomes the replacement for the ferryman [P413.1.1].",More than half of the variants begin with Type 930 as an introductory episode.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 930, and also 302, 460B, 531, 550, 563, 1000, 1002, 1003, and 1008."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,462,The Outcast Queens and the Ogress Queen,,"Icelandic: cf. Rittershaus 1902, No. 44; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Gypsy: cf. Mode 1983ff. II, No. 118; Syrian: El-Shamy 1999, No. 30; Palestinian: Nowak 1969, No. 189, Muhawi/Kanaana 1989, No. 30; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 302A, 462, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, No. 94; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Nepalese: cf. Sakya/Griffith 1980, 28ff., Unbescheid 1987, No. 18; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Laotian: cf. Lindell et al. 1977ff. IV, 103ff.; Syrian, Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; French-Canadian: Barbeau et al. 1919, 90ff.; Chilean: cf. Hansen 1957, No. *455**A; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, No. 177, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Type 302A.) A king with three (seven, nine) wives has no children, but his wives become pregnant by eating a pear. When he is hunting [G405] he meets an ogress in form of a beautiful young woman whom he wants to marry [G264, G369.1.5]. She demands that his wives shall be killed (thrown into a pit [S435]) and as proof she asks for their eyes [S438] (and their hearts). In the forest (a pit) the blinded outcast queens bear their children one after another, but because of their hunger they divide and eat them [G72.2]. Only the youngest queen saves her son [L71]. When the son grows up he takes care of the queens. The ogress queen recognizes him and tells him that he could get the eyes of the queens back if he does an errand for her. She gives him a Uriah letter and sends him to her mother [K511]. A helper changes the letter and the son is given the eyes, which he takes back to the queens. The king hears the truth and punishes the ogress queen.","Cf. the version in Basile, Pentamerone (IV,5).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,465,The Man Persecuted Because of his Beautiful Wife,"Cosquin 1922b, 246�316; Megas 1958; Scherf 1995 I, 22�25, 397�403, II, 1014�1017; R�th 1998, No. 465*; EM 9 (1999) 162�171 (K. P�ge-Alder); Marzolph/Van Leeuwen 2004, No. 355.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 485f.; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 465A; Livonian: Loorits 1926, No. 465C; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, Nos. 465A�465C; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, Nos. 465A, 465C; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 465C, Bartens 2003, No. 28; Wepsian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 465A; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 465A�465C; Norwegian: cf. Hodne 1984; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, Nos. 161, 178, Cardigos (forthcoming); Hungarian: MNK II, Nos. 465A, 465C; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, No. 92; Rumanian: Amzulescu 1974, No. 12.2.1; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Greek: Dawkins 1953, No. 18, Diller 1982, No. 42, Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, No. 465A; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 465A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 465A�465C; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 83 IV f, 86 (5�6), 217, 248 III b, 256 V, 280; Jewish: Noy 1963a, No. 22, Noy 1965, No. 1, Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1, Nos. 465A, 465C; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, Nos. 65, 77, 79, 80; Adygea: Alieva 1986, Nos. 465A, 465C; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 465A, Sabitov 1989, Nos. 465A�465C; Chuvash: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, No. 465B; Tatar, Mordvinian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Nos. 465, 465A; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990, Nos. 465, 465A; Yakut: rgis 1967, Nos. 111, 122, 125, 175, cf. Nos. 170, 181; Kalmyk: Lrincz 1979, No. 465A; Buryat: Lrincz 1979; Mongolian: Lrincz 1979, Nos. 465, 465A, 465C, 465C*; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, Nos. 465A�465C; Syrian: Nowak 1969, No. 171, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 465, 465A; Lebanese: cf. Nowak 1969, Nos. 117, 176; Palestinian, Jordanian: El-Shamy 2004; Iraqi: Nowak 1969, No. 171, cf. No. 176, El-Shamy 2004, Nos. 465, 465A; Iranian: Marzolph 1984, No. *465A; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 465A; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 465A, 465D, Jason 1989, Blackburn 2001, Nos. 31, 78; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 147, 161; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 465A; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 465A, 465A1, 465D; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 205, cf. No. 206; Laotian: Lindell et al. 1977ff. V, 92ff.; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 465, 465B, cf. No. 465E, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 465A; Spanish-American: Robe 1973; Panamanian: Robe 1973; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 227, 252, El-Shamy 2004; Algerian: Nowak 1969, No. 115, cf. No. 197, El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 115, cf. Nos. 117, 197, El-Shamy 2004, No. 465A; Sudanese: Nowak 1969, No. 252, El-Shamy 2004; Eritrean: El-Shamy 2004.","(Including the previous Types 465A'465D.) A man marries a beautiful young woman of supernatural origin: She is an animal bride (e.g. swan maiden [B642]) or she comes from God. She secretly keeps house for him. He discovers her and steals or burns her animal skin to prevent her from turning back into an animal. An envious king coverts this beautiful wife and, on advice of an evil adviser (vizier, old woman) [H911], he gives the hero (three) impossible tasks to get rid of him [H931.1, H1211]: e.g. to build a castle or bridge in one night, to bring an exceptional baby (who understands 14 languages), to find a living harp [H1335], to harvest a field of grain in one night [H1090], to bring grapes in winter [H1023.3], to feed an army, to bring a huge tent that fits into one hand, to bring a very small (thumb-sized) man. The man accomplishes two of the tasks with the help of his wife [H1233.2.1]. The last task often leads him to the otherworld, and it is accomplished by one of the wife's relatives who defeats the king. In some variants the king finds out about the beautiful young woman from a picture [T11.2] that the hero carries with him. Cf. Types 313, 402, 471, and 531.","Documented in the 7th century in China, and in the 8th century in Japan.","400, 569, and 882."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,467,The Quest for the Wonderful Flower (Jewel),,"Spanish: Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 465; Macedonian: Pilikova 1992, No. 10; Gypsy: Mode 1983ff. I, No. 67; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Pakistani: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Indian: Tauscher 1959, No. 68, Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: Ting 1978; Egyptian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004.","A young man finds a beautiful flower (jewel) and gives (sells) it to a king who demands more of them. The young man looks for the source and finds a princess who produces the flowers (jewels) magically out of her blood [D457.1.1, D457.1.3]. She had been kidnapped by an ogre, and the young man rescues her. Cf. Types 407, 465.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,470,Friends in Life and Death [M253],"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 224�241; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 561; Petzoldt 1968; Petzoldt 1969; Tubach 1969, No. 780; Petschel 1971; EM 5 (1987) 282�287 (G. Petschel); Dekker et al. 1997, 346�349; R�th 1998; Bo�kovi-Stulli 2000.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 486, Jauhiainen 1998, Nos. C500, C1171, C1176; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 90; Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Grundtvig 1854ff. I, Nos. 1, 109; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Owen 1896, 41; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 431f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Coelho 1985, No. 75, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: cf. Teenstra 1843, 145f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Berg 1981, No. 74; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 23, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, Nos. 336, 337, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 39; Swiss: B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. I, 293f., III, 235, 855, IV, 18; Austrian: Haiding 1965, Nos. 299, 312; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 16; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Appari 1992, No. 47; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. II 2, 127ff.; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 395f.; Slovene: Kocbek 1926, 27; Serbian: Dolenec 1972, Nos. 44, 45; Croatian: Dolenec 1972, No. 10, Bo�kovi-Stulli 1975b, No. 37; Macedonian: Mazon 1923, No. 16, cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, No. 162; Rumanian: Dima 1944, 43f.; Bulgarian: Koceva 2002; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, Nos. 470, 470A; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 45; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 62 IV 7; Jewish: Jason 1975, 1988a; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Votyak: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Chinese: Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 300, cf. Nos. 302, 303; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Inada/Ozawa 1977ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Nicaraguan: cf. Karlinger/P�gl 1983, No. 60; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Venezuelan: cf. Karlinger/P�gl 1983, No. 33; Brazilian: cf. Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 83; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 25; Egyptian: cf. El-Shamy 1980, No. 12; Moroccan: Basset 1887, Nos. 31, 47; South African: Coetzee et al. 1967, No. E374.1.","Two friends promise each other to be guests at each other's weddings. One of them dies but takes part invisibly in the wedding of the living friend. He invites him for a return visit [E238]. The living friend also takes part in the wedding of his friend in the otherworld. They take a long journey through the otherworld and see strange things: a broad and a narrow road to heaven and hell [F171.2], fat cattle in a poor pasture and lean cattle in a green one (formerly rich and poor people) [F171.1], people and animals who argue [F171.3], etc. When the living man returns he finds that he has been away many (three) centuries [D2011]. All is changed and he knows no one. He dies or turns to dust. Cf. Type 471.",Documented in the 15th century in Speculum exemplorum (1487) and in the Dutch Christian legend Een dooden ridder.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,470A,The Offended Skull,"BP III, 478�483; Cock 1919, 108�152, 308�309; MacKay 1943; R�hrich 1962f. II, 53�85, Petzoldt 1968; Wittmann 1976; Tau 1976; EM 3 (1981) 755�759 (G. Petschel); Scherf 1995 II, 825�828; Dekker et al. 1997, 346�349; L�pez de Abiada/Studer 2001.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, 486, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C1161; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 472*; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Norwegian: Olsen 1912, 170f.; Danish: Kamp 1879f. I, No. 16, Skattegraveren 5 (1886) No. 682; Icelandic: cf. Naumann/Naumann 1923, No. 29; Scottish: cf. Briggs 1970f. B I, 393f.; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Portuguese: Braga 1987 I, 196f., 244f., Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Volkskundig Bulletin 24 (1998) 308f.; Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 49; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Meyer/Sinninghe 1973, Boone 1999ff. II, 1450ff.; German: Moser-Rath 1964, Nos. 3, 38, M�ller/R�hrich 1967, Nos. L13, L14, Berger 2001; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1907, 125ff., B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 449f.; Austrian: Haiding 1965, No. 312; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Hungarian: MNK II; Macedonian: cf. epenkov/Penu�liski 1989 II, Nos. 120, 124; Rumanian: B�rlea 1966 III, 232, 235ff.; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 470*; Gypsy: MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Dominican, Chilean: Hansen 1957; Peruvian: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 83.","(Leontius, Don Juan, Festin de Pierre.) A drunken man finds a skull (statue, a dead man hanging on the gallows), kicks it, and invites it to dinner. The skull (dead person) visits the living person and warns him about his bad behavior (kills him). On a return visit, the living person is a guest in the otherworld [C13]. In some variants the living person watches things in the otherworld. In other variants the living person stays in the otherworld only for a short time, but finds that in this world a long time has passed and everything has changed [D2011].","Documented by Johannes Gobi Junior, Scala coeli (No. 756).","470, 681."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,470B,The Land where No One Dies [F116],"K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 406, 413, 434; BP IV, 269 not. 1; EM 8 (1996) 760�763 (G. Petschel); R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 56, Jauhiainen 1998, No. C1176; Estonian: Aarne 1918, No. 471*; Lappish: Kohl-Larsen 1982, 35ff., Bartens 2003, No. 29; Swedish: S�ve/Gustavson 1952f. I, No. 62, II, No. 138; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963, No. 470*; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Portuguese: Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 470*; Flemish: Meyer 1968, No. 470*; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Corsican: Ortoli 1883, 224ff.; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Hungarian: MNK II; Serbian: ajkanovi 1929, No. 65, Karadi 1937, No. 6; Rumanian: Kremnitz 1882, No. 11, Dima 1944, No. 4; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 469; Jewish: Jason 1965, No. 470*; Gypsy: Aichele/Block 1962, No. 20, MNK X 1; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 471B*; Thai: Velder 1968, No. 57; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, Nos. 470B, 470*; Eskimo: Bar�ske 1991, No. 8; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; North American Indian: Konitzky 1963, No. 13; Moroccan: Topper 1986, No. 53.","(Including the previous Type 470*.) A young man seeks for a land where no one dies. On his way to the otherworld he meets animals and men who do things for which they need a very long time (e.g. to clear away a mountain grain by grain), but they are not immortal. Finally he reaches the land where no one dies and lives there together with a young woman. When he longs for his home, the woman advises him against leaving. He insists on going, and she warns him not to touch the earth. He passes the people and animals which he had met on outward journey, but they have finished their work and died. Back home he meets a man with a carriage full of worn-cut shoes, and he gets off his horse to help the man. But it is death looking for him, and he dies.",Documented in the Italian poem Trattato della superbia e morte di senso at the beginning of the 16th century.,400.
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,471,The Bridge to the Otherworld,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 160 No. 168; cf. Dinzelbacher 1973; Richard et al. 1973; EM 2 (1979) 835�838 (G. Petschel); Scherf 1995 I, 22�25, 394�396, 444�447; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 57; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Karelian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: Neugaard 1993, No. F152, Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. I, No. 50, Cardigos (forthcoming); Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Slovene: Vrtec 12 (1882) 114ff.; Bulgarian: BFP; Greek: Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989; Siberian: Holmberg 1927, 488ff.; Palestinian: El-Shamy 2004; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, No. 551; Filipino: JAFL 20 (1907) 110ff.; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish-American, Mexican, Costa Rican: Robe 1973; South American Indian: Wilbert/Simoneau 1992, No. F152; Peruvian: Lira 1990, 26ff.; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, No. 26; Chilean, Argentine: Hansen 1957; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: El-Shamy 2004.","Three brothers one after the other set out to look for work, or to search for their lost sister [H1385.6] who is married to someone in the otherworld. They are given a difficult job: They must herd seven foals (oxen) and at the end of the day they must bring back a sample of the animals' food [H1251] (other things). In some variants they have to accompany a supernatural being (sun, death) and are not allowed to talk or to be distracted. The elder brothers fail: They are lured away by a bird, or persuaded by an old woman to rest, or they fail to cross a certain bridge. They are transformed to stone [D231]. The youngest brother follows the instructions and passes across the bridge [F152, E481.2.1]. He sees visions [F171]: Fat cattle in a poor pasture and lean cattle in a green one [F171.1], stones striking on each other [F171.3], and animals which, passing in and out of a church, become human beings and take part in the Holy Communion [F171.5]. The boy takes bread and wine from the altar and brings it to the supernatural being. The visions are explained [F171.0.1]: the fat and lean cattle in the differend pastures fomerly were rich and poor people. The striking stones were people who argued and are forced to continue their conflicts in the otherworld. The animals in the church are angels, priests, or transformed princes. The youngest brother is rewarded and his brothers are disenchanted [R155.1, H1242].",Documented in the 19th century but the motif of the journey to the otherworld is much older. Contains many vision motifs.,"470, 750B, and 750*."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,471A,The Monk and the Bird,"Chauvin 1892ff. VIII, 102�105; K�hler/Bolte 1898ff. II, 239f.; M�ller 1912; Pauli/Bolte 1924 I, No. 562; Hammerich 1933; R�hrich 1962f. I, 124�145, 274�280; Tubach 1969, No. 3378, cf. No. 3216; R�th 1998; Verfasserlexikon 10 (1999) 1621f. (N. F. Palmer); EM 9 (1999) 788�793 (F. Wagner).","Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 108; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. II; Lappish: Qvigstad 1927ff. III, No. 54; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Aakjaer/Holbek 1966, No. 139; Icelandic: Gering 1882f. II, No. 43; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; Welsh: Baughman 1966; English: Briggs 1970f. A I, 498; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. IV 1; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Gonz�lez Sanz 1996; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II; Catalan: cf. Karlinger/P�gl 1989, No. 32, cf. Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Buescu 1984, 154, Cardigos (forthcoming); Dutch: Bl�court 1981, No. 6.2; Frisian: Kooi 1984a; Flemish: Meyer 1968; German: Wesselski 1909, No. 154, Moser-Rath 1964, No. 134, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 46, cf. Berger 2001, No. 471A**; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, 276f., cf. B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 144f.; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 105; Hungarian: Gy�rgy 1934, No. 17, MNK II, D�m�t�r 1992, No. 381; Czech: Dvo�k 1978, No. 3378; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 56ff.; Albanian: cf. Lambertz 1922, No. 47; Greek: Klaar 1963, 179ff., Megas/Puchner 1998; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 470B; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Armenian: Tch�raz 1912, No. 8; Chinese: Ting 1978; Mexican: Robe 1973.","A monk, thinking about the everlasting life in the monastery gardens, listens to the singing of a bird. He believes it lasts only a short moment but when he returns to the monastery he has grown old and nobody recognizes him because decades (three centuries) have gone by [D2011.1]. Cf. Type 681.",Documented by Maurice de Sully in a French sermon in the 12th century.,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,475,The Man as Heater of Hell's Kettle,"BP II, 423�426, III, 487; Ten�ze 1984; EM 6 (1990) 1191�1196 (H.-J. Uther); Scherf 1995 II, 1189�1191; R�th 1998.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 58; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, No. 92; Estonian: Loorits 1959, No. 82, Viidalepp 1980, No. 60; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1881ff. I, 214ff., Kristensen 1896f. I, No. 8; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Walloon: Legros 1962; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, Kooi/Schuster 1994, No. 42, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 II, No. 100; Swiss: Wildhaber/Uffer 1971, No. 6; Ladinian: cf. Decurtins 1896ff. II, No. 70, B�chli/Brunold-Bigler 1989ff. II, 537f.; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 201ff., Hor�k 1971, 162ff., Jech 1984, No. 21; Slovakian: Pol�vka 1923ff. IV, 124f.; Slovene: Gabr�ek 1910, 55ff.; Serbian: ajkanovi 1927, No. 43, cf. No. 42; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1959, No. 16; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 113; Gypsy: MNK X 1; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II.","A poor soldier (servant) takes a job (for seven years) in hell [M210]. Or, parents wish that the devil will take their greedy child [M411.1]. The soldier has to heat the kettles and is not allowed to wash [C721.1] or comb himself. He is also not allowed to look into the pots [C325]. He breaks this rule and finds his former masters or unfriendly relatives in the kettles. He heats them even more. Or, he releases poor souls (transformed into animals). In payment he receives sweepings which later change into gold [D475.1]. Or, on the advice of a soul he has released, he asks for something worthless (an old piece of clothing) that gives money. The host at an inn where he stays for the night robs him of his gold [D861.1], but with the devil's help he recovers it [cf. D885]. Cf. Types 332C*, 360, 361, and 563.",Documented in the 19th century.,"592, 650A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,476,Coal Turns into Gold,"BP I, 104f., cf. 366; HDA 5 (1932/33) 80�83 (K. Olbrich); Schwarzbaum 1980, 279; MacDonald 1982, No. F342.1; EM 8 (1996) 42f.","Finnish: Jauhiainen 1998, No. P561; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 1931, No. 388; Lithuanian: Balys 1936, Nos. 3648, 3632, Balys 1940, No. 434; Danish: Kristensen 1892ff. III, 419ff.; English: Briggs/Tongue 1965, No. 7; French: Karlinger/�bleis 1974, No. 8; Portuguese: Martinez 1955, No. F342.1; German: Hen�en 1927, 150, Lohmeier 1935, Nos. 133, 609, Hen�en 1935, Nos. 17, 43a, 43b, Hen�en 1955, No. 313b, Schneidewind 1960, No. 6a, Peuckert 1963, No. 363, Zender 1966, 399ff., M�ller/Orend 1972, No. 119, Haller 1983, No. 157, Wolfersdorf 1987, No. 223, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, No. 163, Berger 2001, Nos. IX B 1, XV A 1, XV A 2, XV A 3, XV C 1�3; Swiss: Jegerlehner 1913, Nos. 2, 80; Austrian: Heyl 1897, No. 620, Graber 1944, 136f., Haiding 1972, 121f.; Croatian: Bo�kovi-Stulli 1967f., No. 73; Indian: Thompson/Balys 1958, No. F342.1; Mexican: Robe 1971, No. 60; South American Indian: Hissink/Hahn 1961, No. 351.","This miscellaneous type consists of various tales (mostly legends) in which coal turns into gold (silver). Cf. Types 476*, 476**. E.g.: (1) A person finds (the devil gives him) some coal that turns into gold [D475.1.1]. In some variants the person has to throw a rosary (bridle) onto the coal to effect the transformation. (2) A person breaks apart glowing coals and finds a treasure under them [N532]. (3) The gold (transformed coal) brings unexpected good fortune to a poor person (child, charcoal burner, maidservant, shepherd, orphan). (4) A maidservant gets glowing coals for her kitchen fire. The next morning, she finds pieces of gold in the ashes [F342.1]. Her master takes the gold away from her. (5) A man who wants to smoke his pipe has no lighter. He takes a piece of coal from the fire, but his pipe will not light from it even on the third try. When he knocks out his pipe, a piece of gold falls out of it.","Early source (1587), see the Historia von D. Johann Fausten (ch. 58).",NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,476*,In the Frog's House,,"Irish: cf. O�Sullivan 1966, No. 26; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Jech 1984, No. 50; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 48, 259, cf. No. 208, II, No. 366; Slovene: cf. Bolhar 1974, 104ff.; Bulgarian: BFP, Koceva 2002; Polish: Simonides/Simonides 1994, No. 53; Turkish: cf. Eberhard/Boratav 1953, No. 120; Jewish: Jason 1965, 1988a, Haboucha 1992, No. 476*�*A; Palestinian, Persian Gulf: El-Shamy 2004; Egyptian, Libyan, Algerian, Sudanese: El-Shamy 2004.","A woman promises a frog to be friends and becomes midwife (godmother) to the frog's wife. She takes the frog's child to be christened, sweeps the dust in the frog's house, and takes the garbage home with her. There it becomes gold (money). In some variants she frees drowned souls or brings up the child of the frog for seven years and then is able to release its parents from enchantment. Cf. Types 156B*, 476, 476**.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,476**,Midwife in the Underworld,"Child 1882ff. I, No. 40, II, 505ff., IV, 459a, V, 215b, 290b; BP I, 367; Christiansen 1974; R�hrich 1998, 5f.; EM 6 (1990) 631�634; W�rzbach/Salz 1995, 90f.","Lappish: Qvigstad 1925, No. 41; Swedish: Sahlgren/Liljeblad 1937ff. II, Nos. 8, 17; Danish: Kristensen 1892ff. I, 330ff.; English: Briggs/Michaelis-Jena 1970, No. 60; French: S�billot 1904ff. II, 113ff.; Dutch: Sinninghe 1977, No. 77a; Frisian: Kooi 1994, Nos. 163, 164, Kooi/Schuster 2003, No. 92; German: Wolf 1845, No. 80, Grimm DS/Uther 1993 I, Nos. 41, 49, 58, 65�70, 305, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 39 (2), Berger 2001, No. 503A; Austrian: Vernaleken 1858, 215; Ladinian: Kindl 1992, No. 36; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 209ff.","Someone (an animal who turns into a supernatural being) summons a midwife to help a supernatural being (dwarf, water spirit, elf, forest spirit, human woman who has been kidnapped by fairies) give birth [B81.6, F372, F372.1, F451.5.5, F333]. As payment for her services, the midwife is given something apparently worthless (coal, leaves, garbage, onions, garlic), most of which she throws away carelessly. Later she finds that the small part she still has, has turned to gold [D475.1]. She looks for what she lost but cannot find it (the gift means danger of life). Cf. Types 476, 476*.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,480,The Kind and the Unkind Girls (previously The Spinning-Women by the Spring,"BP I, 207�227, III, 457�459; HDM 2 (1934�40) 215�221 (W. Lincke); Roberts 1958b; Troger 1966; Calame-Griaule 1984; cf. EM 5 (1987) 159�168 (M. Rumpf); Wienker-Piepho 1992; Scherf 1995 I, 67�70, 70�72, 72�74, 193�195, 295f., 309f., 342�346; Dekker et al. 1997, 393�395; R�th 1998; EM 8 (1996) 1366�1375 (B. Gobrecht); Schmidt 1999; Grayson 2002; Thomas 2003.","Finnish: Rausmaa 1973c, 122ff., Rausmaa 1982ff. I, Nos. 59, 60; Finnish-Swedish: Hackman 1917f. I, Nos. 79, 81(3,6,19), 87(3); Estonian: Aarne 1918; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Lappish: Qvigstad 1925; Livonian, Wepsian, Wotian, Lydian, Karelian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Swedish: Liungman 1961; Norwegian: Hodne 1984; Danish: Kristensen 1871ff. V, No. 17; Faeroese: Nyman 1984; Icelandic: Sveinsson 1929; Irish: � S�illeabh�in/Christiansen 1963; English: Baughman 1966; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 480A�D; Basque: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, No. 480A; Catalan: Oriol/Pujol 2003; Portuguese: Oliveira 1900ff. II, Nos. 233, 242, Cardigos (forthcoming); Frisian: Kooi 1984a, Nos. 480A, 480B, Kooi/Meerburg 1990, No. 16; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Lox 1999a, No. 22; German: Ranke 1955ff. II, 90ff., Tomkowiak 1993, 248, Grimm KHM/Uther 1996 I, No. 24, Bechstein/Uther 1997 I, No. 11; Swiss: Sutermeister 1869, No. 3; Austrian: Haiding 1953, Nos. 56, 72; Italian: Cirese/Serafini 1975, Pitr�/Schenda et al. 1991, No. 4, Appari 1992, No. 26; Sardinian: Cirese/Serafini; Maltese: Mifsud-Chircop 1978; Hungarian: MNK II; Czech: Tille 1929ff. I, 436ff., 458f., cf. II 2, 415f.; Slovakian: Ga�par�kov� 1991f. I, Nos. 155, 169, 283, II, Nos. 345, 411, 428, 557; Croatian: Krauss/Burr et al. 2002, No. 38; Macedonian: Eschker 1972, Nos. 22, 25, 29; Rumanian: Schullerus 1928, Nos. 480, 480A; Bulgarian: BFP, Nos. 480, *480, *4803,*4805�*4808, Koceva 2002, Nos. *4801�*4809; Greek: Dawkins 1950, No. 25, Loukatos 1957, 100f., 236ff., Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Sorbian: Nedo 1956, No. 46; Polish: cf. Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 480A; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 480, 480A; Turkish: Eberhard/Boratav 1953, Nos. 59, 68, cf. No. 78; Jewish: Haboucha 1992; Gypsy: MNK X 1; Adygea: Alieva 1986; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Chuvash: M�sz�ros 1912, No. 19, Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Tatar, Mordvinian, Votyak, Vogul/Mansi: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Armenian: Gullakjan 1990; Turkmen: Reichl 1982, 87ff.; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000; Syrian: El-Shamy 2004; Lebanese: Nowak 1969, No. 196, El-Shamy 2004; Aramaic: Arnold 1994, No. 34; Palestinian: Hanauer 1907, 203ff., El-Shamy 2004; Jordanian, Iraqi, Yemenite: El-Shamy 2004; Iranian: Marzolph 1984; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, Nos. 480A, 480B, Jason 1989; Burmese: Kasevi/Osipov 1976, Nos. 73, 175, 196; Nepalese: Unbescheid 1987, No. 28; Chinese: cf. Ting 1978; Korean: Choi 1979, No. 457, cf. Nos. 220, 460; Indonesian: Vries 1925f. I, No. 23; Japanese: Blacker 1990, 165, 168 not. 7; French-Canadian: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II; US-American, French-American: Baughman 1966; Spanish-American, Mexican: Robe 1973; Dominican: Hansen 1957, Nos. **447, **597, 806**A; Puerto Rican: Hansen 1957; Mayan: Pe�alosa 1992; Bolivian: An�barro de Halushka 1976, Nos. 27, 28; Brazilian: Karlinger/Freitas 1977, No. 58; Argentine: Chertudi 1960f. II, Nos. 51, 52; West Indies: Flowers 1953; Egyptian: Nowak 1969, Nos. 63, 196, El-Shamy 2004; Tunisian, Algerian: El-Shamy 2004; Moroccan: Nowak 1969, No. 196, El-Shamy 2004; Guinea Bissau: Klipple 1992; Benin: Wekenon Tokponto 2003, 98ff.; Cameroon: Kosack 2001, 50, 53, 228, 529; East African: Arewa 1966, No. 3198, Klipple 1992; Sudanese: Klipple 1992, El-Shamy 2004; Congolese: Seiler-Dietrich 1980, No. 26, Klipple 1992; Tanzanian: El-Shamy 2004; Malagasy: Haring 1982, No. 5.480.","The Kind and the Unkind Girls) [Q2]. A girl is mistreated by her stepmother [S31] and has to work very hard [H934.3]. This tale exists chiefly in two different forms: (1) A girl loses an object which is carried off by a river (blown away by the wind), and runs after it (a spindle [N777.4]) [N777.2, N791]. She comes upon an old woman (ogress) who asks her to clean (disarrange) and to louse her head [H935, Q41.2, G466]. When the old woman lets her choose a box as her reward, she choses the plain one [L211]. (2) A girl falls into a well (is pushed in, jumps in after an object she has dropped [N777]), or follows a rolling cake (ball of yarn, etc. [H1226]). She encounters various animals, objects, or people who ask her for help: e.g. a cow wants to be milked, an old man or woman to be loused or fed, an oven to be emptied of bread, an apple tree to be shaken [D1658.1.5]. The girl helps them all. Then she arrives at the house of an old woman (Frau Holle, old man, supernatural beings like a giant or the twelve months) where she is assigned tasks [G204, H935]: e.g. she has to do the household or farm work, has to feed or louse the demon [G466], has to comb the hair of fairies [H1192], has to carry water in a sieve [H1023.2] or wash black wool white [H1023.6]. She is very helpful and hard-working. In the end she is is rewarded [Q41] with gold, jewels, etc. , becomes more beautiful [D1860], or jewels fall from her mouth [D1454.2]. Or, she can choose her reward and is very modest but the reward changes into wealth when she reaches home. In some variants she is forbidden to enter a certain room [C611]. When she breaks this rule, she becomes covered with gold and flees. The grateful animals [B350], objects [D1658], and people of her outward journey help her escape from the demon. After she arrives home, her envious stepmother sends her own daughter on the same journey. This girl goes through the same situations but she refuses help, disobeys, and is unkind. She is punished severely (frogs fall from her mouth [M431.2], horns grow on her head, or she is disfigured, beaten or killed). In some variants the stepmother is also punished. In the end the kind young woman often marries a prince. Cf. Types 431, 480A, and 1180.",Elements of the tale are documented in 1595 in the comedy The Old Wives� Tale by G. Peele.,"This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 403, 510A, and also 313, 408, 428, 431, 510, 511, 511A, and 709."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,480A,Girl and Devil in a Strange House,"BP 1, 221�225; Roberts 1958b, 143�149; EM 8 (1996) 1400�1402 (B. Kerbelyt).","Estonian: Aarne 1918, 119f. No. 31, Viidalepp 1980, 442; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 480III; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I, No. 480B*; French: Delarue/Ten�ze 1964ff. II, No. 480B; Portuguese: Vasconcellos/Soromenho et al. 1963f. II, Nos. 537, 541, Cardigos (forthcoming), No. 480B, cf. No. 480*E; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 4801; Polish: Krzyanowski 1962f. I, No. 480C; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS, No. 480C**; Georgian: cf. Kurdovanidze 2000, 480C.","(Including the previous Type 1441.) A girl leaves home because of her cruel stepmother. On her way she helps some animals and takes them with her. During the night they stay in a strange house. A demon (devil) tries to enter (to dance with the girl, to marry her), but the girl refuses to open the door unless he gives her certain valurable gifts. When morning comes, the demon has not fulfilled all the wishes so he cannot enter the house. He loses his strength and goes away. This is often followed by account of the unfriendly stepsister who gives no help to the animals and is killed by the demon. Cf. Types 431, 480.",NA,"545A, 1180, and 1199A."
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,480A*,Three Sisters Set out to Save their Little Brother,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Wotian, Syrjanian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Russian, Byelorussian, Ukrainian: SUS; Cheremis/Mari: Sabitov 1989.","A witch carries away the little brother of three sisters. The elder sisters set out to search him, but pay no attention to the requests of an apple-tree, an oven, etc. , and are overtaken by the witch. The third does all she is asked to do; therefore, the grateful objects help her to recover her little brother from the clutches of the witch. Cf. Type 480.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,480C*,Transporting White Bread to Hell,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977; Lithuanian: Kerbelyt 1999ff. I; Danish: Gr�nborg/Nielsen 1884, 89ff.; German: Plenzat 1927, 45; Bulgarian: BFP, No. *480C**; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999; Ukrainian: SUS.","A poor brother brings his wealthy brother a gift of coarse white bread (a lamb). The wealthy brother says, 'Go to hell with your bread.' On his way to hell, the poor brother meets an old man who tells him what he has to do there. He saves many souls from hell and is rewarded by the old man. The wealthy brother also takes bread to hell, but is discourteous to the old man and gets no advice. He falls victim to the devils. Cf. Type 565.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,480D*,Tales of Kind and Unkind Girls,,"Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. *480D*; Lappish: Bartens 2003, No. 30; Spanish: Camarena/Chevalier 1995ff. II, Nos. 480C, 480D; Flemish: Meyer 1968, Nos. 480A, 480B; Hungarian: MNK II, No. 481*; Greek: Angelopoulos/Brouskou 1999, Nos. *480, 480B, *480D, 480E; Russian: SUS, Nos. 480*, 480*B, 480B*; Byelorussian: SUS, Nos. 480*, 480*B; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 480*, 480*B, 480B*; Jewish: Jason 1975, No. 480*D, Haboucha 1992, Nos. **504, 947C*; Gypsy: MNK X 1, No. 481*; Ossetian: Bjazyrov 1958, No. 81; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 120; Georgian: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 480C; Indian: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 480B, Jason 1989, No. 947C*; Sri Lankan: Thompson/Roberts 1960, No. 480B; Chinese: Ting 1978, Nos. 480F, 503M; Japanese: Ikeda 1971, Nos. 179B*, 480A�480D, 480F, 503C, 503D, 503G, 503H, cf. No. 503F.","(Including the previous Types 480* and 480B*.) This miscellaneous type consists of various tales in which an unkind girl (neighbor, wife) wants to have the same reward that a kind one received. However, she is too selfish and is punished instead.",NA,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,485,Borma Jarizhka,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. I, No. 61; Wepsian: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974; Bulgarian: BFP, No. 485A*; Russian: SUS, Nos. 485, 485A*; Byelorussian: SUS; Ukrainian: SUS, Nos. 485, 485A*; Cheremis/Mari: Kecskem�ti/Paunonen 1974, Sabitov 1989; Yakut: rgis 1967, No. 114.","(Including the previous Type 485A*.) The tsar sends a man to Babylon to get a crown. He steals the crown and burns the snakes that pursue him. He comes to an one-eyed giant, blinds him, and escapes from the cave under the belly of the giant. (Cf. Type 1137.) He begets a child with a wild woman, but when he leaves her she is so angry that she breaks the baby in two. He helps a lion who brings him home. In spite of the lion's warning, he boasts of his journey while he is drunk. In justification he shows the lion the power of intoxication, and gets him drunk. Cf. Type 1137.",The episode with the wild woman is also documented independently (previously Type 485A*).,NA
Tales Of Magic,Supernatural Tasks 460-499,NA,485B*,The Power of Drunkenness,,"Finnish: Rausmaa 1982ff. V, No. 153; Latvian: Arjs/Medne 1977, No. 161B*; Portuguese: Soromenho/Soromenho 1984f. II, No. 427, Cardigos (forthcoming); Russian, Byelorussian: SUS; Jewish: Jason 1965; Japanese: cf. Ikeda 1971, No. 161B*.","(Including the previous Type 161B*.) The animal helper (bear, lion) of a man forbids him, on pain of death, to praise him. The man breaks this rule while he is drunk. In order to justify and save himself, he makes the animal drunk. While it is drunk the animal lets itself be bound. It acknowledges the power of hops and forgives the man.",NA,NA