{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "*This notebook contains course material from [CBE20255](https://jckantor.github.io/CBE20255)\n", "by Jeffrey Kantor (jeff at nd.edu); the content is available [on Github](https://github.com/jckantor/CBE20255.git).\n", "The text is released under the [CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode),\n", "and code is released under the [MIT license](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).*" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "< [Global CO2 Budget](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jckantor/CBE20255/blob/master/notebooks/03.01-Global-CO2-Budget.ipynb) | [Contents](toc.ipynb) | [Separating Milk](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jckantor/CBE20255/blob/master/notebooks/03.04-Separating-Milk.ipynb) >

\"Open" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# CO2 Production by Automobiles" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Summary\n", "\n", "This notebook demonstrates the solution of a mass balance for a vehicle powered by an internal combusion engine." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Examples" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### How much CO2 is generated per mile driven with an ICE?\n", "\n", "A recent model automobile is advertised with a fuel consumption of 30 miles per gallon of gasoline. Assume gasoline consists of pure octane $C_8H_{18}$, has a specific gravity of 0.74, and is consumed via the chemical reaction\n", "\n", "$$C_8H_{18} + \\frac{25}{2}\\ O_2 \\longrightarrow 8\\ CO_2 + 9\\ H_2O$$\n", "\n", "How much $CO_2$ is generated per mile driven? Report your answer in grams/mile.\n", "\n", "**Solution**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Gasoline consumed per mile = 93.4 g/mile\n", "Gram moles of octane per mile = 0.819 gmol/mile\n", "CO2 Production = 288.3 g/mile\n" ] } ], "source": [ "liters_per_m3 = 1000.0\n", "gallons_per_m3 = 264.17\n", "\n", "V_lpm = (1.0*liters_per_m3/gallons_per_m3)/30.0 # volume of gasline in liters/mile\n", "m_kg = 0.74*V_lpm # mass of gasoline in kg/mile\n", "m_grams = m_kg*1000.0 # mass of gasoline in grams/mile\n", "n_octane = m_grams/114.0 # moles of gasoline in gmol/mile\n", "n_co2 = 8.0*n_octane # modles of CO2 in gmol/mile\n", "m_co2 = 44.0*n_co2 # mass of CO2 in grams/mile\n", "\n", "print(\"Gasoline consumed per mile = \", round(m_grams,1), \"g/mile\")\n", "print(\"Gram moles of octane per mile = \", round(n_octane,3) ,\"gmol/mile\")\n", "print(\"CO2 Production =\", round(m_co2,1), \"g/mile\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### How much CO2 is generated per mile driven by an electric car?\n", "\n", "Owners of the Tesla S electric car report an average electricity consumption of 0.367 kilowatt-hours per mile driven. \n", "\n", "Assume the electricity is produced from natural gas which, [according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration](https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=74&t=11), produces 117.0 pounds of $CO_2$ per million BTU consumed, and requires 10,400 BTU to produce a kilowatt-hour of electricity. Assume an overall transmission efficiency of 80% from the power plant to the Tesla motor. How many grams of $CO_2$ are generated per mile driven by the Tesla? " ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Solution**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Thermal energy requirement = 4771.0 BTU per mile driven\n" ] } ], "source": [ "grams_per_lb = 453.593\n", "\n", "w_kwh = 0.367 # kwh per mile\n", "q_btu = (w_kwh/0.8)*10400.0 # natural gas per mile\n", "\n", "print(\"Thermal energy requirement =\",round(q_btu,2),\"BTU per mile driven\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "CO2 Production = 253.2 grams per mile\n" ] } ], "source": [ "m_co2_lb = 117.0*q_btu/1.0e6 # mass CO2 lb/mile\n", "m_co2_grams = m_co2_lb*grams_per_lb # mass CO2 grams/mile\n", "\n", "print(\"CO2 Production =\", round(m_co2_grams,2), \"grams per mile\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "< [Global CO2 Budget](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jckantor/CBE20255/blob/master/notebooks/03.01-Global-CO2-Budget.ipynb) | [Contents](toc.ipynb) | [Separating Milk](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jckantor/CBE20255/blob/master/notebooks/03.04-Separating-Milk.ipynb) >

\"Open" ] } ], "metadata": { "anaconda-cloud": {}, "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.7.3" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 }