# Forbid the use of `this` When doing functional programming, you want to avoid having stateful objects and instead use simple JavaScript objects. ### Fail ```js const object = { numbers: [1, 2, 3], sum: function() { return this.numbers.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0); } } object.sum(); ``` ### Pass ```js function sum(numbers) { return numbers.reduce((a, b) => a + b); } sum([1, 2, 3]); ```