{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Functions and Methods Homework Solutions\n",
    "____\n",
    "**Write a function that computes the volume of a sphere given its radius.**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def vol(rad):\n",
    "    return (4.0/3)*(3.14)*(rad**3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "___\n",
    "**Write a function that checks whether a number is in a given range (Inclusive of high and low)**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def ran_check(num,low,high):\n",
    "    #Check if num is between low and high (including low and high)\n",
    "    if num in range(low,high+1):  \n",
    "        print \" %s is in the range\" %str(num)  \n",
    "    else :  \n",
    "        print \"The number is outside the range.\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you only wanted to return a boolean:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def ran_bool(num,low,high):\n",
    "    return num in range(low,high+1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ran_bool(3,1,10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "____\n",
    "**Write a Python function that accepts a string and calculate the number of upper case letters and lower case letters.**\n",
    "\n",
    "    Sample String : 'Hello Mr. Rogers, how are you this fine Tuesday?'\n",
    "    Expected Output : \n",
    "    No. of Upper case characters : 4\n",
    "    No. of Lower case Characters : 33\n",
    "\n",
    "If you feel ambitious, explore the Collections module to solve this problem!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def up_low(s):\n",
    "    d={\"upper\":0, \"lower\":0}\n",
    "    for c in s:\n",
    "        if c.isupper():\n",
    "            d[\"upper\"]+=1\n",
    "        elif c.islower():\n",
    "            d[\"lower\"]+=1\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            pass\n",
    "    print \"Original String : \", s\n",
    "    print \"No. of Upper case characters : \", d[\"upper\"]\n",
    "    print \"No. of Lower case Characters : \", d[\"lower\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Original String :  Hello Mr. Rogers, how are you this fine Tuesday?\n",
      "No. of Upper case characters :  4\n",
      "No. of Lower case Characters :  33\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'Hello Mr. Rogers, how are you this fine Tuesday?'\n",
    "up_low(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "____\n",
    "**Write a Python function that takes a list and returns a new list with unique elements of the first list.**\n",
    "\n",
    "    Sample List : [1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,5]\n",
    "    Unique List : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def unique_list(l):\n",
    "    # Also possible to use list(set())\n",
    "    x = []\n",
    "    for a in l:\n",
    "        if a not in x:\n",
    "            x.append(a)\n",
    "    return x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "unique_list([1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "____\n",
    "**Write a Python function to multiply all the numbers in a list.**\n",
    "\n",
    "    Sample List : [1, 2, 3, -4]\n",
    "    Expected Output : -24"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def multiply(numbers):  \n",
    "    total = 1\n",
    "    for x in numbers:\n",
    "        total *= x  \n",
    "    return total  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-24"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "multiply([1,2,3,-4])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "____\n",
    "**Write a Python function that checks whether a passed string is palindrome or not.**\n",
    "\n",
    "Note: A palindrome is word, phrase, or sequence that reads the same backward as forward, e.g., madam or nurses run."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def palindrome(s):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    s = s.replace(' ','') # This replaces all spaces \" \" with no space ''. (Fixes issues with strings that have spaces)\n",
    "    return s == s[::-1] # Check through slicing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "palindrome('nurses run')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "palindrome('abcba')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "____\n",
    "**Hard**:\n",
    "\n",
    "Write a Python function to check whether a string is pangram or not.\n",
    "\n",
    "    Note : Pangrams are words or sentences containing every letter of the alphabet at least once.\n",
    "    For example : \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\"\n",
    "\n",
    "Hint: Look at the string module"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import string\n",
    "\n",
    "def ispangram(str1, alphabet=string.ascii_lowercase):  \n",
    "    alphaset = set(alphabet)  \n",
    "    return alphaset <= set(str1.lower())  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ispangram(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string.ascii_lowercase"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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