{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "# Milestone Project 2 - Solution\n",
    "Below is my implementation of a simple game of Blackjack. Notice the use of OOP and classes for the cards and hands."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's start by defining some global objects for the cards, tuples and a dict."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Used for card shuffle\n",
    "import random\n",
    "\n",
    "# Boolean used to know if hand is in play\n",
    "playing = False\n",
    "\n",
    "chip_pool = 100 # Could also make this a raw input.\n",
    "\n",
    "bet = 1\n",
    "\n",
    "restart_phrase = \"Press 'd' to deal the cards again, or press 'q' to quit\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Hearts, Diamonds,Clubs,Spades\n",
    "suits = ('H','D','C','S')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Possible card ranks\n",
    "ranking = ('A', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', 'J', 'Q', 'K')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Point values dict (Note: Aces can also be 11, check self.ace for details)\n",
    "card_val = {'A':1, '2':2, '3':3, '4':4, '5':5, '6':6, '7':7, '8':8, '9':9, '10':10, 'J':10, 'Q':10, 'K':10}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now I'll make a card class, it will have some basic ID functions, and then some functions to grab the suit and rank of the card."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create a card class\n",
    "class Card:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self,suit,rank):\n",
    "        self.suit = suit\n",
    "        self.rank = rank\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def __str__(self):\n",
    "        return self.suit + self.rank\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def grab_suit(self):\n",
    "        return self.suit\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def grab_rank(self):\n",
    "        return self.rank\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def draw(self):\n",
    "        print (self.suit + self.rank)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now I'll make a hand class, this class will have functions to take into account the Ace situation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Create a hand class\n",
    "class Hand:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        self.cards = []\n",
    "        self.value = 0\n",
    "        # Aces can be 1 or 11 so need to define it here\n",
    "        self.ace = False\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def __str__(self):\n",
    "        ''' Return a string of current hand composition'''\n",
    "        hand_comp = \"\"\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Better way to do this? List comprehension?\n",
    "        for card in self.cards:\n",
    "            card_name = card.__str__()\n",
    "            hand_comp += \" \" + card_name\n",
    "            \n",
    "        return 'The hand has %s' %hand_comp\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def card_add(self,card):\n",
    "        ''' Add another card to the hand'''\n",
    "        self.cards.append(card)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Check for Aces\n",
    "        if card.rank == 'A':\n",
    "            self.ace = True\n",
    "        self.value += card_val[card.rank]\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def calc_val(self):\n",
    "        '''Calculate the value of the hand, make aces an 11 if they don't bust the hand'''\n",
    "        if (self.ace == True and self.value < 12):\n",
    "            return self.value + 10\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            return self.value\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def draw(self,hidden):\n",
    "        if hidden == True and playing == True:\n",
    "            #Don't show first hidden card\n",
    "            starting_card = 1\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            starting_card = 0\n",
    "        for x in range(starting_card,len(self.cards)):\n",
    "            self.cards[x].draw()\n",
    "            "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Next I'll make a deck class"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Deck:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        ''' Create a deck in order '''\n",
    "        self.deck = []\n",
    "        for suit in suits:\n",
    "            for rank in ranking:\n",
    "                self.deck.append(Card(suit,rank))\n",
    "                \n",
    "    def shuffle(self):\n",
    "        ''' Shuffle the deck, python actually already has a shuffle method in its random lib '''\n",
    "        random.shuffle(self.deck)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def deal(self):\n",
    "        ''' Grab the first item in the deck '''\n",
    "        single_card = self.deck.pop()\n",
    "        return single_card\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __str__(self):\n",
    "        deck_comp = \"\"\n",
    "        for card in self.cards:\n",
    "            deck_comp += \" \" + deck_comp.__str__()\n",
    "\n",
    "        return \"The deck has\" + deck_comp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now that the classes are done, time for the cool part, creating the actual game!\n",
    "\n",
    "First off, making a bet. Need to check if the bet amount is within the integer."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# First Bet\n",
    "def make_bet():\n",
    "    ''' Ask the player for the bet amount and '''\n",
    "    \n",
    "    global bet\n",
    "    bet = 0\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print ' What amount of chips would you like to bet? (Enter whole integer please) '\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # While loop to keep asking for the bet\n",
    "    while bet == 0:\n",
    "        bet_comp = raw_input() # Use bet_comp as a checker\n",
    "        bet_comp = int(bet_comp)\n",
    "        # Check to make sure the bet is within the remaining amount of chips left.\n",
    "        if bet_comp >= 1 and bet_comp <= chip_pool:\n",
    "            bet = bet_comp\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            print \"Invalid bet, you only have \" + str(chip_pool) + \" remaining\"\n",
    "            \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Next, make a function setting up the game and for dealing out the cards."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def deal_cards():\n",
    "    ''' This function deals out cards and sets up round '''\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Set up all global variables\n",
    "    global result,playing,deck,player_hand,dealer_hand,chip_pool,bet\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Create a deck\n",
    "    deck = Deck()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #Shuffle it\n",
    "    deck.shuffle()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #Set up bet\n",
    "    make_bet()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Set up both player and dealer hands\n",
    "    player_hand = Hand()\n",
    "    dealer_hand = Hand()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Deal out initial cards\n",
    "    player_hand.card_add(deck.deal())\n",
    "    player_hand.card_add(deck.deal())\n",
    "    \n",
    "    dealer_hand.card_add(deck.deal())\n",
    "    dealer_hand.card_add(deck.deal())\n",
    "    \n",
    "    result = \"Hit or Stand? Press either h or s: \"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if playing == True:\n",
    "        print 'Fold, Sorry'\n",
    "        chip_pool -= bet\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Set up to know currently playing hand\n",
    "    playing = True \n",
    "    game_step()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now make the hit function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def hit():\n",
    "    \n",
    "    ''' Implement the hit button '''\n",
    "    global playing,chip_pool,deck,player_hand,dealer_hand,result,bet\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # If hand is in play add card\n",
    "    if playing:\n",
    "        if player_hand.calc_val() <= 21:\n",
    "            player_hand.card_add(deck.deal())\n",
    "        \n",
    "        print \"Player hand is %s\" %player_hand\n",
    "        \n",
    "        if player_hand.calc_val() > 21:\n",
    "            result = 'Busted! '+ restart_phrase\n",
    "            \n",
    "            chip_pool -= bet\n",
    "            playing = False\n",
    "    \n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        result = \"Sorry, can't hit\" + restart_phrase\n",
    "    \n",
    "    game_step()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now make the stand function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def stand():\n",
    "    global playing,chip_pool,deck,player_hand,dealer_hand,result,bet\n",
    "    ''' This function will now play the dealers hand, since stand was chosen '''\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if playing == False:\n",
    "        if player_hand.calc_val() > 0:\n",
    "            result = \"Sorry, you can't stand!\"\n",
    "            \n",
    "    # Now go through all the other possible options\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Soft 17 rule\n",
    "        while dealer_hand.calc_val() < 17:\n",
    "            dealer_hand.card_add(deck.deal())\n",
    "            \n",
    "        # Dealer Busts    \n",
    "        if dealer_hand.calc_val() > 21:\n",
    "            result = 'Dealer busts! You win!' + restart_phrase\n",
    "            chip_pool += bet\n",
    "            playing = False\n",
    "            \n",
    "        #Player has better hand than dealer\n",
    "        elif dealer_hand.calc_val() < player_hand.calc_val():\n",
    "            result = 'You beat the dealer, you win!' + restart_phrase\n",
    "            chip_pool += bet\n",
    "            playing = False\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Push\n",
    "        elif dealer_hand.calc_val() == player_hand.calc_val():\n",
    "            result = 'Tied up, push!' + restart_phrase\n",
    "            playing = False\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Dealer beats player\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            result = 'Dealer Wins!' + restart_phrase\n",
    "            chip_pool -= bet\n",
    "            playing = False\n",
    "    game_step()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Function to print results and ask user for next step"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def game_step():\n",
    "    'Function to print game step/status on output'\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #Display Player Hand\n",
    "    print \"\"\n",
    "    print('Player Hand is: '),\n",
    "    player_hand.draw(hidden =False)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print 'Player hand total is: '+str(player_hand.calc_val())\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #Display Dealer Hand\n",
    "    print('Dealer Hand is: '),\n",
    "    dealer_hand.draw(hidden=True)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # If game round is over\n",
    "    if playing == False:\n",
    "        print  \" --- for a total of \" + str(dealer_hand.calc_val() )\n",
    "        print \"Chip Total: \" + str(chip_pool)\n",
    "    # Otherwise, don't know the second card yet\n",
    "    else: \n",
    "        print \" with another card hidden upside down\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Print result of hit or stand.\n",
    "    print result\n",
    "    \n",
    "    player_input()\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Function for exiting the game"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def game_exit():\n",
    "    print 'Thanks for playing!'\n",
    "    exit()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Function to read user input"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def player_input():\n",
    "    ''' Read user input, lower case it just to be safe'''\n",
    "    plin = raw_input().lower()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "    if plin == 'h':\n",
    "        hit()\n",
    "    elif plin == 's':\n",
    "        stand()\n",
    "    elif plin == 'd':\n",
    "        deal_cards()\n",
    "    elif plin == 'q':\n",
    "        game_exit()\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print \"Invalid Input...Enter h, s, d, or q: \"\n",
    "        player_input()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Make a quick intro for the game"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def intro():\n",
    "    statement = '''Welcome to BlackJack! Get as close to 21 as you can without going over!\n",
    "    Dealer hits until she reaches 17. Aces count as 1 or 11.\n",
    "    Card output goes a letter followed by a number of face notation'''\n",
    "    print statement"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now to play the game!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'''The following code will initiate the game! (Note: Need to Run all Cells)'''\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create a Deck\n",
    "deck = Deck()\n",
    "#Shuffle it\n",
    "deck.shuffle()\n",
    "# Create player and dealer hands\n",
    "player_hand = Hand()\n",
    "dealer_hand = Hand()\n",
    "#Print the intro\n",
    "intro()\n",
    "# Deal out the cards and start the game!\n",
    "deal_cards()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 2",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python2"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 2
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
   "version": "2.7.11"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}