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    "#Python Debugger\n",
    "\n",
    "You've probably used a variety of print statements to try to find errors in your code. A better way of doing this is by using Python's built-in debugger module (pdb). The pdb module implements an interactive debugging environment for Python programs. It includes features to let you pause your program, look at the values of variables, and watch program execution step-by-step, so you can understand what your program actually does and find bugs in the logic.\n",
    "\n",
    "This is a bit difficult to show since it requires creating an error on purpose, but hopefully this simple example illustrates the power of the pdb module. *Note: Keep in mind it would be pretty unusual to use pdb in an iPython Notebook setting.*\n",
    "\n",
    "___\n",
    "Here we will create an error on purpose, trying to add a list to an integer"
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'list'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-3-a207358d437b>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mz\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mresult2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'list'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = [1,3,4]\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "z = 3\n",
    "\n",
    "result = y + z\n",
    "print result\n",
    "result2 = y+x\n",
    "print result2"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "Hmmm, looks like we get an error! Lets implement a set_trace() using the pdb module. This will allow us to basically pause the code at the point of the trace and check if anything is wrong."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
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    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n",
      "--Return--\n",
      "> <ipython-input-4-0a2880872cf0>(11)<module>()->None\n",
      "-> pdb.set_trace()\n",
      "(Pdb) x\n",
      "[1, 3, 4]\n",
      "(Pdb) y\n",
      "2\n",
      "(Pdb) z\n",
      "3\n",
      "(Pdb) x+y\n",
      "*** TypeError: can only concatenate list (not \"int\") to list\n",
      "(Pdb) q\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "BdbQuit",
     "evalue": "",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mBdbQuit\u001b[0m                                   Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-4-0a2880872cf0>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     10\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# Set a trace using Python Debugger\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 11\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mpdb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mset_trace\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     12\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     13\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m//anaconda/lib/python2.7/bdb.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mtrace_dispatch\u001b[0;34m(self, frame, event, arg)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     51\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdispatch_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mframe\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     52\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mevent\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'return'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 53\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdispatch_return\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mframe\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     54\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mevent\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'exception'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     55\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdispatch_exception\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mframe\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0marg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m//anaconda/lib/python2.7/bdb.pyc\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdispatch_return\u001b[0;34m(self, frame, arg)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     89\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     90\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mframe_returning\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 91\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mquitting\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mBdbQuit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     92\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtrace_dispatch\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     93\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mBdbQuit\u001b[0m: "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pdb\n",
    "\n",
    "x = [1,3,4]\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "z = 3\n",
    "\n",
    "result = y + z\n",
    "print result\n",
    "\n",
    "# Set a trace using Python Debugger\n",
    "pdb.set_trace()\n",
    "\n",
    "result2 = y+x\n",
    "print result2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Great! Now we could check what the various variables were and check for errors. You can use 'q' to quit the debugger. For more information on general debugging techniques and more methods, check out the official documentation:\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/2/library/pdb.html"
   ]
  }
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