MIXED
Mixed Language Programming

MIXED is a directory of C++ programs which illustrate some issues in doing mixed language programming.

The world of bilingual programming

Because higher level languages end up as machine code, there is some reason to assume that you can write parts of a program in two different languages; what is not standard is the protocol for dealing with the differences in languages.

C++ supports (on purpose!) a scheme in which the names chosen by a user for various functions are automatically mangled, because it is assumed likely that the same name could be used in different namespaces, so C++ avoids ambiguity by constructing unique internal names when compiling. Unfortunately, this makes it very difficult for programs written in other languages to interact with a C++ program. One feature that can help is the use of the statement

        external "C" { (list of function declarations) }
      

Licensing:

The computer code and data files described and made available on this web page are distributed under the GNU LGPL license.

Languages:

MIXED language programming examples are available in a C version and a C++ version and a FORTRAN77 version and a FORTRAN90 version

Related Data and Programs:

C++_CALLS_C, C++ programs which call a C function.

C++_CALLS_F77, C++ programs which illustrate how a C++ main program can call a FORTRAN77 subroutine.

C++_CALLS_F90, C++ programs which illustrate how a C++ main program can call a FORTRAN90 subroutine.

F77_CALLS_C++, FORTRAN77 programs which illustrate how a FORTRAN77 program can call a C++ function.

F90_CALLS_C++, FORTRAN90 examples which illustrates how a FORTRAN90 program can call a C++ function.

Reference:

• Fritz Keinert,
  Calling FORTRAN Subroutines from Fortran, C and C++,
  Mathematics Department,
  Iowa State University.

Source Code:

EX1 uses a C++ main program, and several C functions. Files you may copy include:

• ex1_main.cpp, the C++ main program;
• ex1_sub.c, C functions;

Examples and Tests:

EX1_CC_CC uses the CC compiler for both the C++ and C codes. Files you may copy include:

• ex1_CC_CC.sh, commands to compile, link, load and run;
• ex1_CC_CC_output.txt, the output file.

EX1_G++_GCC uses the g++ compiler for the C++ and the gcc compiler for the C code. Files you may copy include:

• ex1_g++_gcc.sh, commands to compile, link, load and run;
• ex1_g++_gcc_output.txt, the output file;

You can go up one level to the C++ source codes.