# include <cstdlib>
# include <iostream>
# include <iomanip>
# include <cmath>
# include <ctime>
# include <stdint.h>
//
//  My G++ compiler doesn't support this yet.
//
//# include <cstdint>

using namespace std;

# include "ziggurat.hpp"

//****************************************************************************80

uint32_t cong_seeded ( uint32_t &jcong )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    CONG_SEEDED evaluates the CONG congruential random number generator.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &JCONG, the seed, which is updated 
//    on each call.
//
//    Output, uint32_t CONG_SEEDED, the new value.
//
{
  uint32_t value;

  jcong = 69069 * ( jcong ) + 1234567;

  value = jcong;

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

double cpu_time ( )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    CPU_TIME returns the current reading on the CPU clock.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license.
//
//  Modified:
//
//    08 December 2008
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Output, double CPU_TIME, the current reading of the CPU clock, in seconds.
//
{
  double value;

  value = ( double ) clock ( ) / ( double ) CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

uint32_t kiss_seeded ( uint32_t &jcong, uint32_t &jsr, uint32_t &w, uint32_t &z )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    KISS_SEEDED evaluates the KISS random number generator.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &JCONG, uint32_t &JSR, uint32_t &W, uint32_t &Z, 
//    the seeds, which are updated on each call.
//
//    Output, uint32_t KISS_SEEDED, the new value.
//
{
  uint32_t value;

  value = ( mwc_seeded ( w, z ) ^ cong_seeded ( jcong ) ) + shr3_seeded ( jsr );

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

uint32_t mwc_seeded ( uint32_t &w, uint32_t &z )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    MWC_SEEDED evaluates the MWC multiply-with-carry random number generator.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &W, uint32_t &Z, the seeds, which are updated 
//    on each call.
//
//    Output, uint32_t MWC_SEEDED, the new value.
//
{
  uint32_t value;

  z = 36969 * ( z & 65535 ) + ( z >> 16 );
  w = 18000 * ( w & 65535 ) + ( w >> 16 );

  value = ( z << 16 ) + w;

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

float r4_exp ( uint32_t &jsr, uint32_t ke[256], float fe[256], float we[256] )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    R4_EXP returns an exponentially distributed single precision real value.
//
//  Discussion:
//
//    The underlying algorithm is the ziggurat method.
//
//    Before the first call to this function, the user must call R4_EXP_SETUP
//    to determine the values of KE, FE and WE.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &JSR, the seed.
//
//    Input, uint32_t KE[256], data computed by R4_EXP_SETUP.
//
//    Input, float FE[256], WE[256], data computed by R4_EXP_SETUP.
//
//    Output, float R4_EXP, an exponentially distributed random value.
//
{
  uint32_t iz;
  uint32_t jz;
  float value;
  float x;

  jz = shr3_seeded ( jsr );
  iz = ( jz & 255 );

  if ( jz < ke[iz] )
  {
    value = ( float ) ( jz ) * we[iz];
  }
  else
  {
    for ( ; ; )
    {
      if ( iz == 0 )
      {
        value = 7.69711 - log ( r4_uni ( jsr ) );
        break;
      }

      x = ( float ) ( jz ) * we[iz];

      if ( fe[iz] + r4_uni ( jsr ) * ( fe[iz-1] - fe[iz] ) < exp ( - x ) )
      {
        value = x;
        break;
      }

      jz = shr3_seeded ( jsr );
      iz = ( jz & 255 );

      if ( jz < ke[iz] )
      {
        value = ( float ) ( jz ) * we[iz];
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

void r4_exp_setup ( uint32_t ke[256], float fe[256], float we[256] )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    R4_EXP_SETUP sets data needed by R4_EXP.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Output, uint32_t KE[256], data needed by R4_EXP.
//
//    Output, float FE[256], WE[256], data needed by R4_EXP.
//
{
  double de = 7.697117470131487;
  int i;
  const double m2 = 2147483648.0;
  double q;
  double te = 7.697117470131487;
  const double ve = 3.949659822581572E-03;

  q = ve / exp ( - de );

  ke[0] = ( uint32_t ) ( ( de / q ) * m2 );
  ke[1] = 0;

  we[0] = ( float ) ( q / m2 );
  we[255] = ( float ) ( de / m2 );

  fe[0] = 1.0;
  fe[255] = ( float ) ( exp ( - de ) );

  for ( i = 254; 1 <= i; i-- )
  {
    de = - log ( ve / de + exp ( - de ) );
    ke[i+1] = ( uint32_t ) ( ( de / te ) * m2 );
    te = de;
    fe[i] = ( float ) ( exp ( - de ) );
    we[i] = ( float ) ( de / m2 );
  }
  return;
}
//****************************************************************************80

float r4_nor ( uint32_t &jsr, uint32_t kn[128], float fn[128], float wn[128] )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    R4_NOR returns a normally distributed single precision real value.
//
//  Discussion:
//
//    The value returned is generated from a distribution with mean 0 and 
//    variance 1.
//
//    The underlying algorithm is the ziggurat method.
//
//    Before the first call to this function, the user must call R4_NOR_SETUP
//    to determine the values of KN, FN and WN.
//
//    Thanks to Chad Wagner, 21 July 2014, for noticing a bug of the form
//      if ( x * x <= y * y );   <-- Stray semicolon!
//      {
//        break;
//      }
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    21 July 2014
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &JSR, the seed.
//
//    Input, uint32_t KN[128], data computed by R4_NOR_SETUP.
//
//    Input, float FN[128], WN[128], data computed by R4_NOR_SETUP.
//
//    Output, float R4_NOR, a normally distributed random value.
//
{
  int hz;
  uint32_t iz;
  const float r = 3.442620;
  float value;
  float x;
  float y;

  hz = ( int ) shr3_seeded ( jsr );
  iz = ( hz & 127 );

  if ( fabs ( hz ) < kn[iz] )
  {
    value = ( float ) ( hz ) * wn[iz];
  }
  else
  {
    for ( ; ; )
    {
      if ( iz == 0 )
      {
        for ( ; ; )
        {
          x = - 0.2904764 * log ( r4_uni ( jsr ) );
          y = - log ( r4_uni ( jsr ) );
          if ( x * x <= y + y )
          {
            break;
          }
        }

        if ( hz <= 0 )
        {
          value = - r - x;
        }
        else
        {
          value = + r + x;
        }
        break;
      }

      x = ( float ) ( hz ) * wn[iz];

      if ( fn[iz] + r4_uni ( jsr ) * ( fn[iz-1] - fn[iz] ) 
        < exp ( - 0.5 * x * x ) )
      {
        value = x;
        break;
      }

      hz = ( int ) shr3_seeded ( jsr );
      iz = ( hz & 127 );

      if ( fabs ( hz ) < kn[iz] )
      {
        value = ( float ) ( hz ) * wn[iz];
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

void r4_nor_setup ( uint32_t kn[128], float fn[128], float wn[128] )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    R4_NOR_SETUP sets data needed by R4_NOR.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Output, uint32_t KN[128], data needed by R4_NOR.
//
//    Output, float FN[128], WN[128], data needed by R4_NOR.
//
{
  double dn = 3.442619855899;
  int i;
  const double m1 = 2147483648.0;
  double q;
  double tn = 3.442619855899;
  const double vn = 9.91256303526217E-03;

  q = vn / exp ( - 0.5 * dn * dn );

  kn[0] = ( uint32_t ) ( ( dn / q ) * m1 );
  kn[1] = 0;

  wn[0] = ( float ) ( q / m1 );
  wn[127] = ( float ) ( dn / m1 );

  fn[0] = 1.0;
  fn[127] = ( float ) ( exp ( - 0.5 * dn * dn ) );

  for ( i = 126; 1 <= i; i-- )
  {
    dn = sqrt ( - 2.0 * log ( vn / dn + exp ( - 0.5 * dn * dn ) ) );
    kn[i+1] = ( uint32_t ) ( ( dn / tn ) * m1 );
    tn = dn;
    fn[i] = ( float ) ( exp ( - 0.5 * dn * dn ) );
    wn[i] = ( float ) ( dn / m1 );
  }

  return;
}
//****************************************************************************80

float r4_uni ( uint32_t &jsr )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    R4_UNI returns a uniformly distributed real value.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    04 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &JSR, the seed.
//
//    Output, float R4_UNI, a uniformly distributed random value in
//    the range [0,1].
//
{
  uint32_t jsr_input;
  float value;

  jsr_input = jsr;

  jsr = ( jsr ^ ( jsr <<   13 ) );
  jsr = ( jsr ^ ( jsr >>   17 ) );
  jsr = ( jsr ^ ( jsr <<    5 ) );

  value = fmod ( 0.5 
    + ( float ) ( jsr_input + jsr ) / 65536.0 / 65536.0, 1.0 );

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

uint32_t shr3_seeded ( uint32_t &jsr )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    SHR3_SEEDED evaluates the SHR3 generator for integers.
//
//  Discussion:
//
//    Thanks to Dirk Eddelbuettel for pointing out that this code needed to
//    use the uint32_t data type in order to execute properly in 64 bit mode,
//    03 October 2013.
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    18 October 2013
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Reference:
//
//    George Marsaglia, Wai Wan Tsang,
//    The Ziggurat Method for Generating Random Variables,
//    Journal of Statistical Software,
//    Volume 5, Number 8, October 2000, seven pages.
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    Input/output, uint32_t &JSR, the seed, which is updated 
//    on each call.
//
//    Output, uint32_t SHR3_SEEDED, the new value.
//
{
  uint32_t value;

  value = jsr;

  jsr = ( jsr ^ ( jsr <<   13 ) );
  jsr = ( jsr ^ ( jsr >>   17 ) );
  jsr = ( jsr ^ ( jsr <<    5 ) );

  value = value + jsr;

  return value;
}
//****************************************************************************80

void timestamp ( )

//****************************************************************************80
//
//  Purpose:
//
//    TIMESTAMP prints the current YMDHMS date as a time stamp.
//
//  Example:
//
//    31 May 2001 09:45:54 AM
//
//  Licensing:
//
//    This code is distributed under the GNU LGPL license. 
//
//  Modified:
//
//    24 September 2003
//
//  Author:
//
//    John Burkardt
//
//  Parameters:
//
//    None
//
{
# define TIME_SIZE 40

  static char time_buffer[TIME_SIZE];
  const struct tm *tm;
  size_t len;
  time_t now;

  now = time ( NULL );
  tm = localtime ( &now );

  len = strftime ( time_buffer, TIME_SIZE, "%d %B %Y %I:%M:%S %p", tm );

  cout << time_buffer << "\n";

  return;
# undef TIME_SIZE
}