A QuantityKind is an abstract classifier that represents the concept of kind of quantity that is defined as aspect common to mutually comparable quantities. A QuantityKind represents the essence of a quantity without any numerical value or unit. Quantities of the same kind within a given system of quantities have the same quantity dimension. However, quantities of the same dimension are not necessarily of the same kind.
A Unit is an abstract classifier that represents the concept of measurement unit that is defined as real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the two quantities as a number.
Unit
The rate of change of the velocity of a particle with respect to time.
Acceleration
Usually measured using Air Quality Index (AQI), it is the measure of Air Pollution in the environment. It is similar to Air Quality.
Air Pollution Quantity Kind
Usually measured using an air quality index (AQI) that is a number used by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding to different national air quality standards. It is the measure of Air Quality of the environment. It is similar to Air Pollution. (Source Wikipedia).
Air Quality Quantity Kind
Measure of the percentage of the battery capacity that remains available.
Battery Level Quantity Kind
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) measure in the atmosphere.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Quantity Kind
Measure of how far apart objects are.
Distance
It is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. (Source Wikipedia).
Electric Charge
Electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
Electric Field
Energy is the property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on. (Source Wikipedia).
Energy
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
Frequency
The number of times your heart beats each minute (bpm).
Heart Beat
Mass is a property of a physical body. It is the measure of an object's resistance to acceleration when a net force is applied.
Mass
The rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Speed
The WGS84 latitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).
The WGS84 longitude of a SpatialThing (decimal degrees).
United States dollar
The bar is a unit of pressure defined as 100 000 pascal.
The degree Celsius is a unit of temperature defined as 1 kelvin.
The degree Fahrenheit is a unit of temperature defined as 5.555556e-1 kelvin.
euro
The kelvin is a unit of temperature defined as 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
The kilowatt hour is a unit of energy equal to 1,000 watt-hours, or 3.6 megajoules.
The lux is a unit of illuminance defined as lumen divided by square metre = candela times steradian divided by square metre.
The pascal is a unit of pressure and stress defined as newton divided by square metre = joule divided by cubic metre = kilogram divided by metre second squared.
The watt is a unit of power defined as joule divided by second = newton times metre divided by second = volt times ampere = kilogram times square metre divided by second to the power 3.
Represents the measured value made over a frequency property. It is also linked to the frequency unit of measure in which the value is expressed and the timestamp of the measurement.
Frequency measurement
SAREF4health is an extension of SAREF for healthcare data. More especifically, it enables ECG data representation, inheriting concepts from assets as HL7 FHIR, HL7 aECG, UFO ECG. It follows the extension approach of SAREF (e.g. SAREFenvi and SAREF4ener).
SAREF for healthcare IoT-based solutions
Measurement of Cross-Axial (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)
Acceleration, in physics, is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. An object's acceleration is the net result of any and all forces acting on the object, as described by Newton's Second Law. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleration
It is the unit of acceleration.
an instrument for measuring the acceleration of a moving or vibrating body.
Battery capacity that remains available. Inspired in http://purl.org/iot/vocab/m3-lite#BatteryLevel
Battery consumption level of a device (e.g. smartphone)
A type of task for which a device is designed
The value CLOSE. It is used to instantiate different classes such as the CloseCommand class and CloseState class, for example.
Device used to record ECG sessions from a living person. Also called electrocardiograph and usually referred as an ECG unit, it plays the role of a recorder which accomplishes the task of recording ECG sessions. The ECG device registers the heart electrical activity with support of electrodes attached onto different places of the body Usually an ECG device can include other sensors, e.g. Accelerometer
Electrocardiogram Sensor (ECG or EKG) allows you to asses the electrical and muscular functions of the heart.
Unipolar (precordial) lead: The precordial leads lie in the transverse (horizontal) plane, perpendicular to the other six leads. The six precordial electrodes act as the positive poles for the six corresponding precordial leads: (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6). Wilson's central terminal is used as the negative pole.
ecgOnto:086 (complex event): Medical service in which the Patient is subject of ECG recording by some Recording device. The Recording session (event) can be said to temporally coincide, albeit in a different level of abstraction, with the Observation series (event). In other words, these two events have the same time boundaries
Based on fhir:SampledData: "A series of measurements taken by a device, with upper and lower limits. There may be more than one dimension in the data."
Based on <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt> and inspired on <http://www.cvrgrid.org/files/ECGOntologyv1.owl#ECG_000000794>
Amount of work needed to move a unit positive charge from a reference point to a specific point inside the field without producing any acceleration.
The command GET CURRENT METER VALUE. It is used to instantiate the GetCurrentMeterValueCommand class.
The command GET METER DATA. It is used to instantiate the GetMeterDataCommand class.
The command GET METER HISTORY. It is used to instantiate the GetMeterHistoryCommand class.
The command GET SENSING DATA. It is used to instantiate the GetSensingDataCommand class.
Electrical activity of the heart over a period of time (from Electrocardiography definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography (ECG))
Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per time unit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate
Based on <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate>
Number of contractions of the heart per time unit (usualy BPM)
A biological person that is alive - from UFO research.
The value NOTIFY. It is used to instantiate the NotifyCommand.
The value OFF. It is used to instantiate different classes such as the OffCommand class and OffState class.
The value ON. It is used to instantiate different classes such as the OnCommand class and OnState class.
The value OPEN. It is used to instantiate different classes such as the OpenCommand class and OpenState class.
The value PAUSE. It is used to instantiate classes such as the PauseCommand class.
The value SET ABSOLUTE LEVEL. It is used to instantiate classes such as the SetAbsoluteLevelCommand class.
The value SET RELATIVE LEVEL. It is used to instantiate classes such as the SetRelativeLevelCommand class.
The value START. It is used to instantiate different classes such as the StartCommand class and StartState class.
The value STEP DOWN. It is used to instantiate the StepDownCommand class.
The value STEP UP. It is used to instantiate the StepUpCommand class.
The value STOP. It is used to instantiate different classes such as the StopCommand class and StopState class.
A sequence of data in a successive equally spaced points in time. The O&M ontology (ISO 19156) defines Time Series Observation as an “observation whose result is a time-series”, while both Hl7 aECG and DICOM standards define the Series element as a sequence of data sharing a common frame of reference. In SAREF4health we termed this concept as Time Series Measurements since this sequence of data refers to time series measured by a device. Notice that in this term we avoided prefixing with ECG because this concept can be applied to other types of data.
The value TOGGLE. It is used to instantiate the the ToggleCommand class
A relationship defining the set of values (an array) of a certain property, e.g., energy or power
The Watt Hor is a unit of energy equivalent to one watt (1 W) of power expended for one hour (1 h) of time. An energy expenditure of 1 Wh represents 3600 joules
Represents the measured value made over a property. It is also linked to the unit of measure in which the value is expressed and the timestamp of the measurement.
Measurement
A saref:Property related to some measurements that are characterized by a certain value that is measured in a power unit (such as watt or kilowatt). Further specializations of the saref:Power class can be found in the SAREF4ENER extension, where classes such as PowerMax, PowerMin and PowerExpected are defined.
The goal for which a device is designed (from a user perspective). For example, a washing machine is designed for the task of washing. We propose here a list of tasks that are relevant for the purpose of SAREF, but this list can be extended.
The unit of measure is a standard for measurement of a quantity, such as a Property. For example, Power is a property and Watt is a unit of power that represents a definite predetermined power: when we say 10 Watt, we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined power called "watt". Our definition is based on the definition of unit of measure in the Ontology of units of Measure (OM). We propose here a list of some units of measure that are relevant for the purpose of the Smart Appliances ontology, but this list can be extended.
Unit of measure
A relationship between a certain entity (e.g., a device) and the task it accomplishes
A relationship between a command and a state
A relationship indicating a composite entity that consists of other entities (e.g., a temperature/humidity sensor that consists of a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor)
A relationship specifying the Property that can be controlled by a certain Device
controls property
A relationship between an entity (such as a function) and a command
A relationship providing a description of an entity (e.g., device)
A relationship identifying the type of function of a device
A relationship identifying the manufacturer of an entity (e.g., device)
A relationship identifying the reading type of a measurement (e.g., Water, Gas, Pressure , Energy , Power, etc.)
A relationship identifying the model of an entity (e.g., device)
A relationship providing the name of an entity (e.g., device)
A relationships indentifying the price associated to an entity
A relationship associating a profile to a certain entity (e.g., a device)
A relationship between a sensing function and a measurement identifying the range of a sensor detection
A relationship identifying the sensing type of a sensor detection (i.e., Temperature, Occupancy, Humidity, Motion , Smoke, Pressure, etc.)
A relationship identifying the type of state of a device
A relationship associated with an event function to notify that a certain threshold measurement has been exceeded
A relationship to associate time information to an entity
A relationship stating the timestamp of an entity (e.g. a measurement).
has timestamp
A relationship identifying the typical (energy or power) consumption of a device
A relationship defining the value of a certain property, e.g., energy or power
A relationship identifying what an entity, such as a Profile, is about
isAbout
A relationship indentifying the task accomplished by a certain entity (e.g., a device)
A relationship between a command and a function.
A relationship specifying the devices that can control a certain property
A relationship specifying the devices that can measure a certain property
A relationship identifying the unit of measure used for a certain entity.
A relationship between a service and a device that offers the service
A relationship specifying the purpose for which a device is used for (e.g., controlling a Commodity)
A relation between a device and the measurements it makes. Such measurement will link together the value of the measurement, its unit of measure and the property to which it relates.
makes measurement
A relationship specifying the Property that can be measured by a certain Device
measures property
A relationship between a device and a service
A relationship between a property and the measurements it relates to
relates to measurement
A relationship between a measurement and the property it relates to
relates to property
Example of accelaration measurement observed by a mobile device
Based on <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/qu/unit#metrePerSecondSquared>
Metre Per Second Square, Meter Per Second Square
Current location (geo:Point) of the device at time 12345678910
Based on <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt> and <http://purl.org/iot/vocab/m3-lite#Volt>. Difference in electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points.
Electrical activity of the heart of a person
Example of heart rate measurement provided by an e-Health sensor/device
Based on <http://purl.org/iot/vocab/m3-lite#BeatPerMinute>
Number of contractions of the heart per minute (BPM)
Multiple values (measurements series) - test 01
Unit of percentage (%): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage
An ECG recording session taken during a trip (truck driver).
Battery level sensor of Shimmer 3 (id: T9JRN42)
Like many personal electronic devices, Shimmer is powered by a rechargeable Lithium Polymer battery. The Shimmer battery is 3.7V, 450 mAh and contains a safety circuit board with over-current protection, which can trigger if a component short is created by a faulty peripheral or if components are bridged while the enclosure is open. The battery will return to normal operating condition after the short is removed and the unit is placed back in a Dock. The Shimmer operating life when using these batteries depends on a number of factors including which, if any, radio is in use, which sensors are enabled and the rate at which data is being sampled and transferred. Battery life estimation information for a number of different configurations is provided in section 6.2.3 and also contains further details on voltage measurement. Some Shimmer applications feature a low-battery message using an LED indicator (located near the reset button). There is also hardware low-battery protection which will prevent damage to the battery or Shimmer device. If your application fails to start or terminates abruptly after initiating streaming data over a radio or writing to flash, it could be a symptom of a battery in need of recharging. For details on battery re-charging please refer to Section 3.2.3 of this User Manual. If you suspect a fault with your Shimmer battery, please refer to the troubleshooting section of this manual.
Shimmer3 EXG unit: device bought for INTER-IoT-EWS project, composed of ECG sensors and other features (e.g. Accelerometer).
Example of a speed measurement observed by a mobile device
Object that represents MyDriving.Trip. Label = TripID
Cross axial energy computed as (x^2, y^2, z^2), where x,y,z are m/s^2