specialized, numerical,opt-in JIT-compilation
converts Python into C/C++for compilation as a newextension module
mixes C/C++ and Python(with annotations or as anew language)
dynamic bindings to sharedlibrary files ("extern C")
creates C++ bindingsfrom a configuation file
C++ conveniences on topof the Python C API
direct Python API in C
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1995
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2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
dynamic, runtime bindings
Python C API
HPy
Boost::Python
pybind11
nanobind
SWIG
SIP
Py++
pybindgen
Shiboken(2)
AutoWIG
PyCLIF
cppyy
ctypes
cffi
PyInline
pyrex
SciPy weave
Cython
shedskin
Nuitka
Pythran
Pythonic++
psyco
PyPy
Unladen Swallow
pylibjit
HOPE
Numba
Pyston
JAX
Taichi
Seq/Codon
NVIDIA/warp
compilation or hotspot JITas a new Python shell