{
 "metadata": {
  "name": ""
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# The usual preamble\n",
      "import pandas as pd\n",
      "# Make the graphs a bit prettier, and bigger\n",
      "pd.set_option('display.mpl_style', 'default') \n",
      "pd.set_option('display.line_width', 5000) \n",
      "pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 60) \n",
      "\n",
      "figsize(15, 5)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "We're going to use a new dataset here, to demonstrate how to deal with larger datasets. This is a subset of the of 311 service requests from [NYC Open Data](https://nycopendata.socrata.com/Social-Services/311-Service-Requests-from-2010-to-Present/erm2-nwe9). "
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints = pd.read_csv('../data/311-service-requests.csv')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# 2.1 What's even in it? (the summary)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "When you look at a large dataframe, instead of showing you the contents of the dataframe, it'll show you a *summary*. This includes all the columns, and how many non-null values there are in each column."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<pre>\n",
        "&lt;class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'&gt;\n",
        "Int64Index: 111069 entries, 0 to 111068\n",
        "Data columns (total 52 columns):\n",
        "Unique Key                        111069  non-null values\n",
        "Created Date                      111069  non-null values\n",
        "Closed Date                       60270  non-null values\n",
        "Agency                            111069  non-null values\n",
        "Agency Name                       111069  non-null values\n",
        "Complaint Type                    111069  non-null values\n",
        "Descriptor                        111068  non-null values\n",
        "Location Type                     79048  non-null values\n",
        "Incident Zip                      98813  non-null values\n",
        "Incident Address                  84441  non-null values\n",
        "Street Name                       84438  non-null values\n",
        "Cross Street 1                    84728  non-null values\n",
        "Cross Street 2                    84005  non-null values\n",
        "Intersection Street 1             19364  non-null values\n",
        "Intersection Street 2             19366  non-null values\n",
        "Address Type                      102247  non-null values\n",
        "City                              98860  non-null values\n",
        "Landmark                          95  non-null values\n",
        "Facility Type                     110938  non-null values\n",
        "Status                            111069  non-null values\n",
        "Due Date                          39239  non-null values\n",
        "Resolution Action Updated Date    96507  non-null values\n",
        "Community Board                   111069  non-null values\n",
        "Borough                           111069  non-null values\n",
        "X Coordinate (State Plane)        98143  non-null values\n",
        "Y Coordinate (State Plane)        98143  non-null values\n",
        "Park Facility Name                111069  non-null values\n",
        "Park Borough                      111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Name                       111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Number                     111052  non-null values\n",
        "School Region                     110524  non-null values\n",
        "School Code                       110524  non-null values\n",
        "School Phone Number               111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Address                    111069  non-null values\n",
        "School City                       111069  non-null values\n",
        "School State                      111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Zip                        111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Not Found                  38984  non-null values\n",
        "School or Citywide Complaint      0  non-null values\n",
        "Vehicle Type                      99  non-null values\n",
        "Taxi Company Borough              117  non-null values\n",
        "Taxi Pick Up Location             1059  non-null values\n",
        "Bridge Highway Name               185  non-null values\n",
        "Bridge Highway Direction          185  non-null values\n",
        "Road Ramp                         184  non-null values\n",
        "Bridge Highway Segment            223  non-null values\n",
        "Garage Lot Name                   49  non-null values\n",
        "Ferry Direction                   37  non-null values\n",
        "Ferry Terminal Name               336  non-null values\n",
        "Latitude                          98143  non-null values\n",
        "Longitude                         98143  non-null values\n",
        "Location                          98143  non-null values\n",
        "dtypes: float64(5), int64(1), object(46)\n",
        "</pre>"
       ],
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 3,
       "text": [
        "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
        "Int64Index: 111069 entries, 0 to 111068\n",
        "Data columns (total 52 columns):\n",
        "Unique Key                        111069  non-null values\n",
        "Created Date                      111069  non-null values\n",
        "Closed Date                       60270  non-null values\n",
        "Agency                            111069  non-null values\n",
        "Agency Name                       111069  non-null values\n",
        "Complaint Type                    111069  non-null values\n",
        "Descriptor                        111068  non-null values\n",
        "Location Type                     79048  non-null values\n",
        "Incident Zip                      98813  non-null values\n",
        "Incident Address                  84441  non-null values\n",
        "Street Name                       84438  non-null values\n",
        "Cross Street 1                    84728  non-null values\n",
        "Cross Street 2                    84005  non-null values\n",
        "Intersection Street 1             19364  non-null values\n",
        "Intersection Street 2             19366  non-null values\n",
        "Address Type                      102247  non-null values\n",
        "City                              98860  non-null values\n",
        "Landmark                          95  non-null values\n",
        "Facility Type                     110938  non-null values\n",
        "Status                            111069  non-null values\n",
        "Due Date                          39239  non-null values\n",
        "Resolution Action Updated Date    96507  non-null values\n",
        "Community Board                   111069  non-null values\n",
        "Borough                           111069  non-null values\n",
        "X Coordinate (State Plane)        98143  non-null values\n",
        "Y Coordinate (State Plane)        98143  non-null values\n",
        "Park Facility Name                111069  non-null values\n",
        "Park Borough                      111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Name                       111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Number                     111052  non-null values\n",
        "School Region                     110524  non-null values\n",
        "School Code                       110524  non-null values\n",
        "School Phone Number               111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Address                    111069  non-null values\n",
        "School City                       111069  non-null values\n",
        "School State                      111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Zip                        111069  non-null values\n",
        "School Not Found                  38984  non-null values\n",
        "School or Citywide Complaint      0  non-null values\n",
        "Vehicle Type                      99  non-null values\n",
        "Taxi Company Borough              117  non-null values\n",
        "Taxi Pick Up Location             1059  non-null values\n",
        "Bridge Highway Name               185  non-null values\n",
        "Bridge Highway Direction          185  non-null values\n",
        "Road Ramp                         184  non-null values\n",
        "Bridge Highway Segment            223  non-null values\n",
        "Garage Lot Name                   49  non-null values\n",
        "Ferry Direction                   37  non-null values\n",
        "Ferry Terminal Name               336  non-null values\n",
        "Latitude                          98143  non-null values\n",
        "Longitude                         98143  non-null values\n",
        "Location                          98143  non-null values\n",
        "dtypes: float64(5), int64(1), object(46)"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# 2.2 Selecting columns and rows"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "To select a column, we index with the name of the column, like this:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints['Complaint Type']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 4,
       "text": [
        "0      Noise - Street/Sidewalk\n",
        "1              Illegal Parking\n",
        "2           Noise - Commercial\n",
        "3              Noise - Vehicle\n",
        "4                       Rodent\n",
        "5           Noise - Commercial\n",
        "6             Blocked Driveway\n",
        "7           Noise - Commercial\n",
        "8           Noise - Commercial\n",
        "9           Noise - Commercial\n",
        "10    Noise - House of Worship\n",
        "11          Noise - Commercial\n",
        "12             Illegal Parking\n",
        "13             Noise - Vehicle\n",
        "14                      Rodent\n",
        "...\n",
        "111054    Noise - Street/Sidewalk\n",
        "111055         Noise - Commercial\n",
        "111056      Street Sign - Missing\n",
        "111057                      Noise\n",
        "111058         Noise - Commercial\n",
        "111059    Noise - Street/Sidewalk\n",
        "111060                      Noise\n",
        "111061         Noise - Commercial\n",
        "111062               Water System\n",
        "111063               Water System\n",
        "111064    Maintenance or Facility\n",
        "111065            Illegal Parking\n",
        "111066    Noise - Street/Sidewalk\n",
        "111067         Noise - Commercial\n",
        "111068           Blocked Driveway\n",
        "Name: Complaint Type, Length: 111069, dtype: object"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "To get the first 5 rows of a dataframe, we can use a slice: `df[:5]`.\n",
      "\n",
      "This is a great way to get a sense for what kind of information is in the dataframe -- take a minute to look at the contents and get a feel for this dataset."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints[:5]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<div style=\"max-height:1000px;max-width:1500px;overflow:auto;\">\n",
        "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
        "  <thead>\n",
        "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
        "      <th></th>\n",
        "      <th>Unique Key</th>\n",
        "      <th>Created Date</th>\n",
        "      <th>Closed Date</th>\n",
        "      <th>Agency</th>\n",
        "      <th>Agency Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>Complaint Type</th>\n",
        "      <th>Descriptor</th>\n",
        "      <th>Location Type</th>\n",
        "      <th>Incident Zip</th>\n",
        "      <th>Incident Address</th>\n",
        "      <th>Street Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>Cross Street 1</th>\n",
        "      <th>Cross Street 2</th>\n",
        "      <th>Intersection Street 1</th>\n",
        "      <th>Intersection Street 2</th>\n",
        "      <th>Address Type</th>\n",
        "      <th>City</th>\n",
        "      <th>Landmark</th>\n",
        "      <th>Facility Type</th>\n",
        "      <th>Status</th>\n",
        "      <th>Due Date</th>\n",
        "      <th>Resolution Action Updated Date</th>\n",
        "      <th>Community Board</th>\n",
        "      <th>Borough</th>\n",
        "      <th>X Coordinate (State Plane)</th>\n",
        "      <th>Y Coordinate (State Plane)</th>\n",
        "      <th>Park Facility Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>Park Borough</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Number</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Region</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Code</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Phone Number</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Address</th>\n",
        "      <th>School City</th>\n",
        "      <th>School State</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Zip</th>\n",
        "      <th>School Not Found</th>\n",
        "      <th>School or Citywide Complaint</th>\n",
        "      <th>Vehicle Type</th>\n",
        "      <th>Taxi Company Borough</th>\n",
        "      <th>Taxi Pick Up Location</th>\n",
        "      <th>Bridge Highway Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>Bridge Highway Direction</th>\n",
        "      <th>Road Ramp</th>\n",
        "      <th>Bridge Highway Segment</th>\n",
        "      <th>Garage Lot Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>Ferry Direction</th>\n",
        "      <th>Ferry Terminal Name</th>\n",
        "      <th>Latitude</th>\n",
        "      <th>Longitude</th>\n",
        "      <th>Location</th>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "  </thead>\n",
        "  <tbody>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>0</th>\n",
        "      <td> 26589651</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:08:41 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>                    NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td>  NYPD</td>\n",
        "      <td>         New York City Police Department</td>\n",
        "      <td> Noise - Street/Sidewalk</td>\n",
        "      <td>                 Loud Talking</td>\n",
        "      <td>     Street/Sidewalk</td>\n",
        "      <td> 11432</td>\n",
        "      <td> 90-03 169 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td>      169 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td>       90 AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td>                        91 AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td>   ADDRESS</td>\n",
        "      <td>  JAMAICA</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Precinct</td>\n",
        "      <td> Assigned</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 10:08:41 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:35:17 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>    12 QUEENS</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "      <td> 1042027</td>\n",
        "      <td> 197389</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> N</td>\n",
        "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> 40.708275</td>\n",
        "      <td>-73.791604</td>\n",
        "      <td>  (40.70827532593202, -73.79160395779721)</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>1</th>\n",
        "      <td> 26593698</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:01:04 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>                    NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td>  NYPD</td>\n",
        "      <td>         New York City Police Department</td>\n",
        "      <td>         Illegal Parking</td>\n",
        "      <td> Commercial Overnight Parking</td>\n",
        "      <td>     Street/Sidewalk</td>\n",
        "      <td> 11378</td>\n",
        "      <td>        58 AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td>       58 AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td>        58 PLACE</td>\n",
        "      <td>                        59 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> BLOCKFACE</td>\n",
        "      <td>  MASPETH</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Precinct</td>\n",
        "      <td>     Open</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 10:01:04 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>                    NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td>    05 QUEENS</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "      <td> 1009349</td>\n",
        "      <td> 201984</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> N</td>\n",
        "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> 40.721041</td>\n",
        "      <td>-73.909453</td>\n",
        "      <td> (40.721040535628305, -73.90945306791765)</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>2</th>\n",
        "      <td> 26594139</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:00:24 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:40:32 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>  NYPD</td>\n",
        "      <td>         New York City Police Department</td>\n",
        "      <td>      Noise - Commercial</td>\n",
        "      <td>             Loud Music/Party</td>\n",
        "      <td> Club/Bar/Restaurant</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10032</td>\n",
        "      <td>    4060 BROADWAY</td>\n",
        "      <td>        BROADWAY</td>\n",
        "      <td> WEST 171 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td>                  WEST 172 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td>   ADDRESS</td>\n",
        "      <td> NEW YORK</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Precinct</td>\n",
        "      <td>   Closed</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 10:00:24 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:39:42 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 12 MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> 1001088</td>\n",
        "      <td> 246531</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> N</td>\n",
        "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> 40.843330</td>\n",
        "      <td>-73.939144</td>\n",
        "      <td>  (40.84332975466513, -73.93914371913482)</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>3</th>\n",
        "      <td> 26595721</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 01:56:23 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:21:48 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>  NYPD</td>\n",
        "      <td>         New York City Police Department</td>\n",
        "      <td>         Noise - Vehicle</td>\n",
        "      <td>               Car/Truck Horn</td>\n",
        "      <td>     Street/Sidewalk</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10023</td>\n",
        "      <td>   WEST 72 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td>  WEST 72 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td> COLUMBUS AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td>                 AMSTERDAM AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> BLOCKFACE</td>\n",
        "      <td> NEW YORK</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Precinct</td>\n",
        "      <td>   Closed</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 09:56:23 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 02:21:10 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 07 MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td>  989730</td>\n",
        "      <td> 222727</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> N</td>\n",
        "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> 40.778009</td>\n",
        "      <td>-73.980213</td>\n",
        "      <td>   (40.7780087446372, -73.98021349023975)</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>4</th>\n",
        "      <td> 26590930</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 01:53:44 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td>                    NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> DOHMH</td>\n",
        "      <td> Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</td>\n",
        "      <td>                  Rodent</td>\n",
        "      <td> Condition Attracting Rodents</td>\n",
        "      <td>          Vacant Lot</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10027</td>\n",
        "      <td>  WEST 124 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td> WEST 124 STREET</td>\n",
        "      <td>    LENOX AVENUE</td>\n",
        "      <td> ADAM CLAYTON POWELL JR BOULEVARD</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> BLOCKFACE</td>\n",
        "      <td> NEW YORK</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td>      N/A</td>\n",
        "      <td>  Pending</td>\n",
        "      <td> 11/30/2013 01:53:44 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10/31/2013 01:59:54 AM</td>\n",
        "      <td> 10 MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td>  998815</td>\n",
        "      <td> 233545</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> Unspecified</td>\n",
        "      <td> N</td>\n",
        "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> NaN</td>\n",
        "      <td> 40.807691</td>\n",
        "      <td>-73.947387</td>\n",
        "      <td>  (40.80769092704951, -73.94738703491433)</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "  </tbody>\n",
        "</table>\n",
        "</div>"
       ],
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 5,
       "text": [
        "   Unique Key            Created Date             Closed Date Agency                              Agency Name           Complaint Type                    Descriptor        Location Type Incident Zip  Incident Address      Street Name   Cross Street 1                    Cross Street 2 Intersection Street 1 Intersection Street 2 Address Type      City Landmark Facility Type    Status                Due Date Resolution Action Updated Date Community Board    Borough  X Coordinate (State Plane)  Y Coordinate (State Plane) Park Facility Name Park Borough  School Name School Number School Region  School Code School Phone Number School Address  School City School State   School Zip School Not Found  School or Citywide Complaint Vehicle Type Taxi Company Borough Taxi Pick Up Location Bridge Highway Name Bridge Highway Direction Road Ramp Bridge Highway Segment Garage Lot Name Ferry Direction Ferry Terminal Name   Latitude  Longitude                                  Location\n",
        "0    26589651  10/31/2013 02:08:41 AM                     NaN   NYPD          New York City Police Department  Noise - Street/Sidewalk                  Loud Talking      Street/Sidewalk        11432  90-03 169 STREET       169 STREET        90 AVENUE                         91 AVENUE                   NaN                   NaN      ADDRESS   JAMAICA      NaN      Precinct  Assigned  10/31/2013 10:08:41 AM         10/31/2013 02:35:17 AM       12 QUEENS     QUEENS                     1042027                      197389        Unspecified       QUEENS  Unspecified   Unspecified   Unspecified  Unspecified         Unspecified    Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified                N                           NaN          NaN                  NaN                   NaN                 NaN                      NaN       NaN                    NaN             NaN             NaN                 NaN  40.708275 -73.791604   (40.70827532593202, -73.79160395779721)\n",
        "1    26593698  10/31/2013 02:01:04 AM                     NaN   NYPD          New York City Police Department          Illegal Parking  Commercial Overnight Parking      Street/Sidewalk        11378         58 AVENUE        58 AVENUE         58 PLACE                         59 STREET                   NaN                   NaN    BLOCKFACE   MASPETH      NaN      Precinct      Open  10/31/2013 10:01:04 AM                            NaN       05 QUEENS     QUEENS                     1009349                      201984        Unspecified       QUEENS  Unspecified   Unspecified   Unspecified  Unspecified         Unspecified    Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified                N                           NaN          NaN                  NaN                   NaN                 NaN                      NaN       NaN                    NaN             NaN             NaN                 NaN  40.721041 -73.909453  (40.721040535628305, -73.90945306791765)\n",
        "2    26594139  10/31/2013 02:00:24 AM  10/31/2013 02:40:32 AM   NYPD          New York City Police Department       Noise - Commercial              Loud Music/Party  Club/Bar/Restaurant        10032     4060 BROADWAY         BROADWAY  WEST 171 STREET                   WEST 172 STREET                   NaN                   NaN      ADDRESS  NEW YORK      NaN      Precinct    Closed  10/31/2013 10:00:24 AM         10/31/2013 02:39:42 AM    12 MANHATTAN  MANHATTAN                     1001088                      246531        Unspecified    MANHATTAN  Unspecified   Unspecified   Unspecified  Unspecified         Unspecified    Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified                N                           NaN          NaN                  NaN                   NaN                 NaN                      NaN       NaN                    NaN             NaN             NaN                 NaN  40.843330 -73.939144   (40.84332975466513, -73.93914371913482)\n",
        "3    26595721  10/31/2013 01:56:23 AM  10/31/2013 02:21:48 AM   NYPD          New York City Police Department          Noise - Vehicle                Car/Truck Horn      Street/Sidewalk        10023    WEST 72 STREET   WEST 72 STREET  COLUMBUS AVENUE                  AMSTERDAM AVENUE                   NaN                   NaN    BLOCKFACE  NEW YORK      NaN      Precinct    Closed  10/31/2013 09:56:23 AM         10/31/2013 02:21:10 AM    07 MANHATTAN  MANHATTAN                      989730                      222727        Unspecified    MANHATTAN  Unspecified   Unspecified   Unspecified  Unspecified         Unspecified    Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified                N                           NaN          NaN                  NaN                   NaN                 NaN                      NaN       NaN                    NaN             NaN             NaN                 NaN  40.778009 -73.980213    (40.7780087446372, -73.98021349023975)\n",
        "4    26590930  10/31/2013 01:53:44 AM                     NaN  DOHMH  Department of Health and Mental Hygiene                   Rodent  Condition Attracting Rodents           Vacant Lot        10027   WEST 124 STREET  WEST 124 STREET     LENOX AVENUE  ADAM CLAYTON POWELL JR BOULEVARD                   NaN                   NaN    BLOCKFACE  NEW YORK      NaN           N/A   Pending  11/30/2013 01:53:44 AM         10/31/2013 01:59:54 AM    10 MANHATTAN  MANHATTAN                      998815                      233545        Unspecified    MANHATTAN  Unspecified   Unspecified   Unspecified  Unspecified         Unspecified    Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified  Unspecified                N                           NaN          NaN                  NaN                   NaN                 NaN                      NaN       NaN                    NaN             NaN             NaN                 NaN  40.807691 -73.947387   (40.80769092704951, -73.94738703491433)"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "We can combine these to get the first 5 rows of a column:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints['Complaint Type'][:5]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 6,
       "text": [
        "0    Noise - Street/Sidewalk\n",
        "1            Illegal Parking\n",
        "2         Noise - Commercial\n",
        "3            Noise - Vehicle\n",
        "4                     Rodent\n",
        "Name: Complaint Type, dtype: object"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "and it doesn't matter which direction we do it in:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints[:5]['Complaint Type']"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 7,
       "text": [
        "0    Noise - Street/Sidewalk\n",
        "1            Illegal Parking\n",
        "2         Noise - Commercial\n",
        "3            Noise - Vehicle\n",
        "4                     Rodent\n",
        "Name: Complaint Type, dtype: object"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# 2.3 Selecting multiple columns"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "What if we just want to know the complaint type and the borough, but not the rest of the information? Pandas makes it really easy to select a subset of the columns: just index with list of columns you want."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints[['Complaint Type', 'Borough']]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<pre>\n",
        "&lt;class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'&gt;\n",
        "Int64Index: 111069 entries, 0 to 111068\n",
        "Data columns (total 2 columns):\n",
        "Complaint Type    111069  non-null values\n",
        "Borough           111069  non-null values\n",
        "dtypes: object(2)\n",
        "</pre>"
       ],
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 8,
       "text": [
        "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
        "Int64Index: 111069 entries, 0 to 111068\n",
        "Data columns (total 2 columns):\n",
        "Complaint Type    111069  non-null values\n",
        "Borough           111069  non-null values\n",
        "dtypes: object(2)"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "That showed us a summary, and then we can look at the first 10 rows:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints[['Complaint Type', 'Borough']][:10]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<div style=\"max-height:1000px;max-width:1500px;overflow:auto;\">\n",
        "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
        "  <thead>\n",
        "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
        "      <th></th>\n",
        "      <th>Complaint Type</th>\n",
        "      <th>Borough</th>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "  </thead>\n",
        "  <tbody>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>0</th>\n",
        "      <td> Noise - Street/Sidewalk</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>1</th>\n",
        "      <td>         Illegal Parking</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>2</th>\n",
        "      <td>      Noise - Commercial</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>3</th>\n",
        "      <td>         Noise - Vehicle</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>4</th>\n",
        "      <td>                  Rodent</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>5</th>\n",
        "      <td>      Noise - Commercial</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>6</th>\n",
        "      <td>        Blocked Driveway</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>7</th>\n",
        "      <td>      Noise - Commercial</td>\n",
        "      <td>    QUEENS</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>8</th>\n",
        "      <td>      Noise - Commercial</td>\n",
        "      <td> MANHATTAN</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "    <tr>\n",
        "      <th>9</th>\n",
        "      <td>      Noise - Commercial</td>\n",
        "      <td>  BROOKLYN</td>\n",
        "    </tr>\n",
        "  </tbody>\n",
        "</table>\n",
        "</div>"
       ],
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 9,
       "text": [
        "            Complaint Type    Borough\n",
        "0  Noise - Street/Sidewalk     QUEENS\n",
        "1          Illegal Parking     QUEENS\n",
        "2       Noise - Commercial  MANHATTAN\n",
        "3          Noise - Vehicle  MANHATTAN\n",
        "4                   Rodent  MANHATTAN\n",
        "5       Noise - Commercial     QUEENS\n",
        "6         Blocked Driveway     QUEENS\n",
        "7       Noise - Commercial     QUEENS\n",
        "8       Noise - Commercial  MANHATTAN\n",
        "9       Noise - Commercial   BROOKLYN"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# 2.4 What's the most common complaint type?"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "This is a really easy question to answer! There's a `.value_counts()` method that we can use:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaints['Complaint Type'].value_counts()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 10,
       "text": [
        "HEATING                     14200\n",
        "GENERAL CONSTRUCTION         7471\n",
        "Street Light Condition       7117\n",
        "DOF Literature Request       5797\n",
        "PLUMBING                     5373\n",
        "PAINT - PLASTER              5149\n",
        "Blocked Driveway             4590\n",
        "NONCONST                     3998\n",
        "Street Condition             3473\n",
        "Illegal Parking              3343\n",
        "Noise                        3321\n",
        "Traffic Signal Condition     3145\n",
        "Dirty Conditions             2653\n",
        "Water System                 2636\n",
        "Noise - Commercial           2578\n",
        "...\n",
        "Opinion for the Mayor                2\n",
        "Window Guard                         2\n",
        "DFTA Literature Request              2\n",
        "Legal Services Provider Complaint    2\n",
        "Open Flame Permit                    1\n",
        "Snow                                 1\n",
        "Municipal Parking Facility           1\n",
        "X-Ray Machine/Equipment              1\n",
        "Stalled Sites                        1\n",
        "DHS Income Savings Requirement       1\n",
        "Tunnel Condition                     1\n",
        "Highway Sign - Damaged               1\n",
        "Ferry Permit                         1\n",
        "Trans Fat                            1\n",
        "DWD                                  1\n",
        "Length: 165, dtype: int64"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "If we just wanted the top 10 most common complaints, we can do this:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaint_counts = complaints['Complaint Type'].value_counts()\n",
      "complaint_counts[:10]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 11,
       "text": [
        "HEATING                   14200\n",
        "GENERAL CONSTRUCTION       7471\n",
        "Street Light Condition     7117\n",
        "DOF Literature Request     5797\n",
        "PLUMBING                   5373\n",
        "PAINT - PLASTER            5149\n",
        "Blocked Driveway           4590\n",
        "NONCONST                   3998\n",
        "Street Condition           3473\n",
        "Illegal Parking            3343\n",
        "dtype: int64"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "But it gets better! We can plot them!"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "complaint_counts[:10].plot(kind='bar')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 12,
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot at 0x7ba2290>"
       ]
      },
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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Szvu1EoLBYDCSIvfu3auPPvpIc+fOVU1NjTZv3qxbb71VwWBQTz/9tObNmyfL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\nDKqrq0vSqWVazC9wAnO1OYFAQFdffbX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A8DEGpQA+sr6+rpaWFknnQz8+ffpkOJFd3rx5\no4GBAd269eOrs7m5WUNDQ3rw4IHBZAAAwM8odYAPLCwsaHFxUXt7e+rr65N0flVEXV2d4WR28TxP\nv+5YdxznyjsAAIC/iTN1gI9MTU2pq6vLdAxrRaNRzc3Nqb6+XoFAQIlEQisrK2pqalJjY6PpeAAA\nwKcodQCQAdd1FYvFlEgkVFhYqGAwmL5DEQAAwAS2XwJABgoKClRWVqbc3FyVlJRQ6AAAgHGUOsAH\n3r59q3A4LEmKxWKKRCI6OzvTo0ePuMA9A/F4XJOTkyopKVFZWZk+f/6seDyu7u5ulZaWmo4HAAB8\nilIH+MDy8rLC4bA8z9Ps7KyePHkiz/M0NjZGqctAJBJRe3u7qqqq0u92d3cViUTU29trMBkAAPAz\nSh3gA6lUSq7rKhqNqqGhQXl5eZKknByuqsyE67qXCp0k3bt3T67rGkoEAABAqQN8oaWlRaOjo7p7\n9646Ojoknd9TV1lZaTaYZXZ2dtJXQvxsb2/PQBoAAIBzTL8EAAAAAIux9woAAAAALEapAwAAAACL\nUeoAAAAAwGKUOgAAAACwGKUOAAAAACz2D3phZ9S2eqKpAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x77cce10>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<style>\n",
      "    @font-face {\n",
      "        font-family: \"Computer Modern\";\n",
      "        src: url('http://mirrors.ctan.org/fonts/cm-unicode/fonts/otf/cmunss.otf');\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    div.cell{\n",
      "        width:800px;\n",
      "        margin-left:16% !important;\n",
      "        margin-right:auto;\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    h1 {\n",
      "        font-family: Helvetica, serif;\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    h4{\n",
      "        margin-top:12px;\n",
      "        margin-bottom: 3px;\n",
      "       }\n",
      "    div.text_cell_render{\n",
      "        font-family: Computer Modern, \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif;\n",
      "        line-height: 145%;\n",
      "        font-size: 130%;\n",
      "        width:800px;\n",
      "        margin-left:auto;\n",
      "        margin-right:auto;\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    .CodeMirror{\n",
      "            font-family: \"Source Code Pro\", source-code-pro,Consolas, monospace;\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    .text_cell_render h5 {\n",
      "        font-weight: 300;\n",
      "        font-size: 22pt;\n",
      "        color: #4057A1;\n",
      "        font-style: italic;\n",
      "        margin-bottom: .5em;\n",
      "        margin-top: 0.5em;\n",
      "        display: block;\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    \n",
      "    .warning{\n",
      "        color: rgb( 240, 20, 20 )\n",
      "        }  "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}