;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ; http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/20/1/3.html tips for speeding up model breed [adults adult] breed [subadults subadult] breed [juveniles juvenile] breed [carcasses carcass] adults-own [energy x0 y0 xcar ycar target-patch] subadults-own [energy x0 y0 xcar ycar target-patch] juveniles-own [energy x0 y0 xcar ycar target-patch] carcasses-own [mass decay] globals [day poison territory-patches non-territory-patches] ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;----------------------- SETUP COMMANDS---------------------- ;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to setup clear-all ask patches [set pcolor green - 1] ask patch 99.5 99.5 [ set pcolor yellow ask patches in-radius 8 [set pcolor yellow] ask patches in-radius 50 with [pcolor != yellow] [set pcolor green - 3] ask patches in-radius 80 with [pcolor != yellow and pcolor != green - 3] [set pcolor green] ] ask n-of roosts patches [set pcolor brown] ask n-of n-adults patches with [pcolor = yellow] [sprout-adults 1 [ ; set color red set size 2 set energy 32400 set x0 xcor set y0 ycor] ] ask n-of n-subadults patches [sprout-subadults 1 [ ; set color brown set size 2 set energy 32400 set x0 xcor set y0 ycor] ] ask n-of n-juveniles patches [sprout-juveniles 1 [ ; set color blue set size 2 set energy 32400 set x0 xcor set y0 ycor] ] set territory-patches patches with [pcolor = green - 3] set non-territory-patches patches with [pcolor = green ] reset-ticks end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;----------------------- GO COMMANDS--------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to go if ticks = day-length [set day day + 1 create-next-day] ask carcasses [check] ; if Kruger is the focus ifelse Kruger? [ if ticks = 0 [ ask patches with [pcolor != green - 1] [ while [sum [mass] of carcasses < random-normal 3000 100] [ sprout-carcasses 1 [ set mass random-gamma alpha beta ;; 1.2 0.004 move-to one-of patches with [pcolor != green - 1] set color white set size 2 ifelse mass < 1000 [set shape "circle"] [set shape "target"] ]]] ] if ticks = 0 [ ask patches with [pcolor = green - 1] [ while [sum [mass] of carcasses < random-normal 9000 100] [ sprout-carcasses 1 [ set mass random-normal mu std ; 500 100 move-to one-of patches with [pcolor = green - 1] set color white set size 2 set shape "circle" ]]] ] if ticks = 1[ ask carcasses [ ifelse distancexy 99.5 99.5 < 80 and mass > 1000 [set decay decay + 1 ] [set decay decay + 2] if distancexy 99.5 99.5 < 50 [set size 2.1] ] ] if ticks = 1[ ask carcasses [ifelse distancexy 99.5 99.5 > 80 [if random outside-rate = 1 [set color cyan]] [if random inside-rate = 1 [set color cyan]] ]] ] ; if KZN is the focus [ if ticks = 0 [ ask patches with [pcolor = green - 1] [ while [sum [mass] of carcasses < random-normal 3000 100] [ sprout-carcasses 1 [ set mass random-gamma alpha beta ;; 1.2 0.004 move-to one-of patches with [pcolor = green - 1] set color white set size 2 ifelse mass < 1000 [set shape "circle"] [set shape "target"] ]]] ] if ticks = 0 [ ask patches with [pcolor != green - 1] [ while [sum [mass] of carcasses < random-normal 9000 100] [ sprout-carcasses 1 [ set mass random-normal mu std ; 500 100 move-to one-of patches with [pcolor != green - 1] set color white set size 2 set shape "circle" ]]] ] if ticks = 1[ ask carcasses [ ifelse distancexy 99.5 99.5 > 80 and mass > 1000 [set decay decay + 1 ] [set decay decay + 2] if distancexy 99.5 99.5 < 50 [set size 2.1] ] ] if ticks = 1[ ask carcasses [ifelse distancexy 99.5 99.5 < 80 [if random outside-rate = 1 [set color cyan]] [if random inside-rate = 1 [set color cyan]] ]] ] ask adults [forage-vul ifelse day < 240 [ feed-vul social-vul rtb-vul territory-vul ] [ feed-vul-mod social-vul-mod rtb-juvenile set x0 xcor set y0 ycor ] ] ask subadults [forage-vul feed-vul-mod social-vul-mod rtb-sub set x0 xcor set y0 ycor ] ask juveniles [forage-vul feed-vul-mod social-vul-mod rtb-juvenile set x0 xcor set y0 ycor ] if day = 365 [stop] tick end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;--------------------- ADULT COMMANDS-------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to forage-vul set energy energy - 1 fd v if random 600 = 1 ;; frequency of turn [ ifelse random 2 = 0 ;; 50:50 chance of left or right [ rt 15 ] ;; could add some variation to this with random-normal 45 5 [ lt 15 ]] ;; so that it samples from a dist with mean 45 SD 5 end to territory-vul while [[pcolor] of patch-here = green ] [ face min-one-of territory-patches [ distance myself ] forage-vul ] end to feed-vul if energy > 0 [ let target-food min-one-of (carcasses with [shape = "circle" and size = 2.1] in-radius vision) [distance myself] if target-food != nobody [ move-to target-food set xcar xcor set ycar ycor if [color] of target-food = cyan [die] ]] end to social-vul if energy > 0 [ let target-food min-one-of (carcasses with [shape = "target" and size = 2.1] in-radius 7) [distance myself] if target-food != nobody [ move-to target-food set xcar xcor set ycar ycor if [color] of target-food = cyan [die] ]] end to rtb-vul if energy <= 0 [ face patch x0 y0 fd v * 2 ] end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;------------------- != ADULT COMMANDS------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to feed-vul-mod if energy > 0 [ let target-food min-one-of (carcasses with [shape = "circle" ] in-radius vision) [distance myself] if target-food != nobody [ move-to target-food set xcar xcor set ycar ycor if [color] of target-food = cyan [die] ]] end to social-vul-mod if energy > 0 [ let target-food min-one-of (carcasses with [shape = "target" ] in-radius 7) [distance myself] if target-food != nobody [ move-to target-food set xcar xcor set ycar ycor if [color] of target-food = cyan [die] ]] end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;------------------- SUBADULT COMMANDS------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to rtb-sub if energy = 0 [ ifelse random 2 = 1 [set target-patch min-one-of (patches with [pcolor = yellow]) [distance myself]] [ set target-patch min-one-of (patches with [pcolor = brown]) [distance myself] ] ] if energy < 0 [ face target-patch fd v * 2 ] end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;------------------- JUVENILE COMMANDS------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to rtb-juvenile if energy = 0 [ set target-patch min-one-of (patches with [pcolor = brown]) [distance myself] ] if energy < 0 [ face target-patch fd v * 2 ] end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;------------------- CARCASS COMMANDS-------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to check ask carcasses with [shape = "circle"] [ ifelse any? turtles-here with [shape = "default"] [set shape "target"][set shape "circle"] ] end ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; ;;------------------- GENERAL COMMANDS-------------------------;; ;;-------------------------------------------------------------;; to create-next-day clear-links reset-ticks ask adults [set energy 32400 facexy xcar ycar] ask subadults [set energy 32400 facexy xcar ycar] ask juveniles [set energy 32400 facexy xcar ycar] ask carcasses with [decay = 2] [die] go end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 211 15 719 524 -1 -1 2.5 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 199 0 199 0 0 1 ticks 30.0 BUTTON 15 16 82 49 setup setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 88 16 151 49 go go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 SLIDER 6 60 178 93 N-adults N-adults 0 100 0.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 96 238 153 283 NIL day 17 1 11 INPUTBOX 8 236 86 296 day-length 39600.0 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 6 456 79 516 v 0.00667 1 0 Number SLIDER 7 130 179 163 N-juveniles N-juveniles 0 100 0.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 6 203 178 236 vision vision 0 10 6.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 87 457 202 502 N poisoned carcasses count carcasses with [color = cyan] 17 1 11 TEXTBOX 1090 10 1779 843 NOTES\n\nHABITAT\n- Total area is 200 x 200km = 40,000km^2\n- 2 habitat types, inside + outside of protected area, adults don't go beyond dark green radius (r=50km) (Spiegel et al 2013)\n- Larger light green circle is the extent of the park, represents Kruger with area = 20,000km^2\n- Remainder of area is non-protected = 20,000km^2\n- small yellow circle = adult roost = 200km^2\n- brown patches are roosts for juveniles and subadults. We can vary their number. \n\nANIMALS\n- N-adults = number of adult birds, density 13 birds per 100km^2\nset as 26 adults in the roost which is 200km^2\n- N-subadults = number of subadult birds, N=13=half adult number\n- N-juveniles = number of juvenile birds, N=13=half adult number\n- vision = distance (km) at which a bird can detect a carcass \n- local enhancement: a carcass with a bird on it is visible from 7km rather than 6km.\n- Birds move towards the area they found a carcass at the previous day. \n- day-length = length of one foraging day in seconds, 39600 = 11 hours\n- Distance travelled = 120 km so mean speed = 120/5 = 24km/hr where 5 is the time in hours between successive roosts \n- v = speed in km/s; 0.0067km/s = 24km/hr\n\nCARCASSES\n0.15kg of carcass per km^2 * area of park (20,000km^2) = 3,000kg carrion in area. Distributed according to a Gamma dist. which allows for the occasional large carcass. \n\nAbout a 3% chance of getting a carcass > 1000kg. These carcasses don't decay after a day which makes them more dangerous to vultures if the carcass is poisoned. \n\nOutside of the park there is the same area. Murn (pers. comm.) states this density is higher, perhaps double, so 0.3kg of carcass per km^2 = 6,000 kg of carrion. Here it is distributed according to a normal distribution as most carrion will be domestic animals like cows. \n\nPOISON\n- inside-rate and outside-rate are the rates at which a carcass can be poisoned inside and outside the green circle respectively. 5 means a 1 in 5 chance of a carcass being poisoned.\n\n 14 0.0 1 CHOOSER 6 308 98 353 inside-rate inside-rate 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 75 100 200 250 500 1000 2000 15 CHOOSER 102 309 194 354 outside-rate outside-rate 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 75 100 200 250 500 1000 11 MONITOR 90 507 201 552 total carrion mass sum [mass] of carcasses 1 1 11 SLIDER 8 96 180 129 N-subadults N-subadults 0 100 0.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 93 560 203 605 max carcass size max [mass] of carcasses 1 1 11 INPUTBOX 250 581 300 641 alpha 1.2 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 310 581 378 641 beta 0.004 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 552 584 602 644 mu 500.0 1 0 Number INPUTBOX 612 583 662 643 std 100.0 1 0 Number TEXTBOX 222 556 435 590 Parameters of Gamma distribution 14 0.0 1 TEXTBOX 516 557 774 591 Parameters of normal distribution 14 0.0 1 SLIDER 5 166 177 199 roosts roosts 0 100 20.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL TEXTBOX 222 660 713 702 http://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~mbognar/applets/gamma.html 11 0.0 1 SWITCH 348 696 451 729 Kruger? Kruger? 1 1 -1000 TEXTBOX 267 743 608 845 This switch changes the focus of the model. When it's down, the circle represents a non-protected area and the edges of the map are protected. The area is the same. The main difference is the carcass densities flip and you need to be aware of what the poisoning rates refer to. 14 0.0 1 MONITOR 743 396 800 441 adults count adults 17 1 11 MONITOR 744 499 840 544 NIL count juveniles 17 1 11 MONITOR 743 447 844 492 NIL count subadults 17 1 11 TEXTBOX 14 365 55 383 Kruger 11 0.0 1 TEXTBOX 114 365 177 383 KZN 11 0.0 1 MONITOR 45 662 207 707 Amount of food outer area sum [mass] of carcasses with [(distancexy 99.5 99.5) > 80] 2 1 11 MONITOR 47 612 209 657 Amount of food in inner area sum [mass] of carcasses with [(distancexy 99.5 99.5) < 80] 2 1 11 TEXTBOX 47 722 231 843 Kruger is on - \ninside mass should be ~ 3000\noutside mass should be ~ 6000\n\nKruger is off - \ninside mass should be ~ 6000\noutside mass should be ~ 3000 12 0.0 1 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 30 Line -7500403 true 150 100 220 30 butterfly true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 209 199 225 225 225 255 195 270 165 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 89 198 75 225 75 255 105 270 135 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 139 148 100 105 55 90 25 90 10 105 10 135 25 180 40 195 85 194 139 163 Polygon -7500403 true true 162 150 200 105 245 90 275 90 290 105 290 135 275 180 260 195 215 195 162 165 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 135 225 120 150 135 120 150 105 165 120 180 150 165 225 Circle -16777216 true false 135 90 30 Line -16777216 false 150 105 195 60 Line -16777216 false 150 105 105 60 car false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 300 180 279 164 261 144 240 135 226 132 213 106 203 84 185 63 159 50 135 50 75 60 0 150 0 165 0 225 300 225 300 180 Circle -16777216 true false 180 180 90 Circle -16777216 true false 30 180 90 Polygon -16777216 true false 162 80 132 78 134 135 209 135 194 105 189 96 180 89 Circle -7500403 true true 47 195 58 Circle -7500403 true true 195 195 58 circle false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 circle 2 false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 cow false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 200 193 197 249 179 249 177 196 166 187 140 189 93 191 78 179 72 211 49 209 48 181 37 149 25 120 25 89 45 72 103 84 179 75 198 76 252 64 272 81 293 103 285 121 255 121 242 118 224 167 Polygon -7500403 true true 73 210 86 251 62 249 48 208 Polygon -7500403 true true 25 114 16 195 9 204 23 213 25 200 39 123 cylinder false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 dot false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 90 90 120 face happy false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 90 239 62 213 47 191 67 179 90 203 109 218 150 225 192 218 210 203 227 181 251 194 236 217 212 240 face neutral false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 7 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 195 240 225 face sad false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 168 90 184 62 210 47 232 67 244 90 220 109 205 150 198 192 205 210 220 227 242 251 229 236 206 212 183 fish false 0 Polygon -1 true false 44 131 21 87 15 86 0 120 15 150 0 180 13 214 20 212 45 166 Polygon -1 true false 135 195 119 235 95 218 76 210 46 204 60 165 Polygon -1 true false 75 45 83 77 71 103 86 114 166 78 135 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 136 151 77 226 81 280 119 292 146 292 160 287 170 270 195 195 210 151 212 30 166 Circle -16777216 true false 215 106 30 flag false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 60 15 75 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 90 150 270 90 90 30 Line -7500403 true 75 135 90 135 Line -7500403 true 75 45 90 45 flower false 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 135 120 165 165 180 210 180 240 150 300 165 300 195 240 195 195 165 135 Circle -7500403 true true 85 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 147 38 Circle -7500403 true true 192 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 85 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 70 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 25 38 Circle -7500403 true true 96 51 108 Circle -16777216 true false 113 68 74 Polygon -10899396 true false 189 233 219 188 249 173 279 188 234 218 Polygon -10899396 true false 180 255 150 210 105 210 75 240 135 240 house false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 45 120 255 285 Rectangle -16777216 true false 120 210 180 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 120 150 15 285 120 Line -16777216 false 30 120 270 120 leaf false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 210 135 195 120 210 60 210 30 195 60 180 60 165 15 135 30 120 15 105 40 104 45 90 60 90 90 105 105 120 120 120 105 60 120 60 135 30 150 15 165 30 180 60 195 60 180 120 195 120 210 105 240 90 255 90 263 104 285 105 270 120 285 135 240 165 240 180 270 195 240 210 180 210 165 195 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 195 135 240 120 255 105 255 105 285 135 285 165 240 165 195 line true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 line half true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 150 pentagon false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 15 15 120 60 285 240 285 285 120 person false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 110 5 80 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 120 195 90 285 105 300 135 300 150 225 165 300 195 300 210 285 180 195 195 90 Rectangle -7500403 true true 127 79 172 94 Polygon -7500403 true true 195 90 240 150 225 180 165 105 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 60 150 75 180 135 105 plant false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 135 90 165 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 255 90 210 45 195 75 255 135 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 255 210 210 255 195 225 255 165 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 180 90 135 45 120 75 180 135 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 180 165 210 225 180 255 120 210 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 105 90 60 45 45 75 105 135 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 105 165 135 225 105 255 45 210 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 90 120 45 150 15 180 45 165 90 sheep false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 151 225 180 285 Rectangle -7500403 true true 47 225 75 285 Rectangle -7500403 true true 15 75 210 225 Circle -7500403 true true 135 75 150 Circle -16777216 true false 165 76 116 square false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 square 2 false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240 star false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108 target false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180 Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 tree false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94 Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300 Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108 Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127 Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152 triangle false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 triangle 2 false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224 truck false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187 Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194 Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105 Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112 Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42 Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194 Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42 Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42 turtle true 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210 Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87 Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99 wheel false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15 Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269 Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221 Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79 Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 6.0.2 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ setup go day = 365 count adults count subadults count juveniles setup go day = 365 count adults count subadults count juveniles setup go day = 365 count adults count subadults count juveniles setup go day = 365 count adults count subadults count juveniles setup go day = 365 count adults count subadults count juveniles setup go day = 1 count adults count subadults count juveniles @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default 0.0 -0.2 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0 0.0 1.0 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180 Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180 @#$#@#$#@ 0 @#$#@#$#@