{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 4-2-3 メソッドをオブジェクトに取り込む"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NoMethodError",
     "evalue": "undefined method `greet_to' for #<Object:0x007fce5c1c61f0>",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mNoMethodError\u001b[0m: undefined method `greet_to' for #<Object:0x007fce5c1c61f0>",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):8:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "module Greetable\n",
    "  def greet_to(name)\n",
    "    puts \"Hello, #{name}. I'm a #{self.class}.\"\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "o = Object.new\n",
    "o.greet_to 'hoge'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, hoge. I'm a Object.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "o.extend Greetable\n",
    "o.greet_to 'hoge'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, hoge. I'm a Class.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Alice\n",
    "  extend Greetable\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "Alice.greet_to 'hoge'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, hoge. I'm a Module.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "module Bob\n",
    "  extend Greetable\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "Bob.greet_to 'hoge'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "You must study!!!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "module Teachable\n",
    "  def teach\n",
    "    puts 'You must study!!!'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "class Human\n",
    "  extend Teachable\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "Human.teach"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 4-2-4 モジュール関数"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Math.sqrt(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "include Math\n",
    "sqrt(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.302585092994046"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "log(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Called!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "module MyFunction\n",
    "  def mod_function\n",
    "    puts 'Called!'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "  module_function :mod_function\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "MyFunction.mod_function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":second_function"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "module MyFunction\n",
    "  def outer_function\n",
    "    first_function\n",
    "    second_function\n",
    "  end\n",
    "  \n",
    "  module_function\n",
    "  \n",
    "  def first_function\n",
    "    puts 'first'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "  \n",
    "  def second_function\n",
    "    puts 'second'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "second\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "MyFunction.second_function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "first\n",
      "second\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "o2 = Object.new\n",
    "o2.extend MyFunction\n",
    "\n",
    "o2.outer_function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NoMethodError",
     "evalue": "private method `first_function' called for #<Object:0x007fce5b182be0>",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mNoMethodError\u001b[0m: private method `first_function' called for #<Object:0x007fce5b182be0>",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):94:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#  モジュール関数とはprivateなインスタンスメソッドである\n",
    "o2.first_function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NoMethodError",
     "evalue": "undefined method `new' for MyFunction:Module",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mNoMethodError\u001b[0m: undefined method `new' for MyFunction:Module",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):95:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "MyFunction.new"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 4-2-5 クラスやモジュールを自動的にロードする"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"1.1.0\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "OpenSSL::VERSION"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "uninitialized constant NKF",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[0m: uninitialized constant NKF",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):98:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "NKF::VERSION"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "NKF"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "autoload :NKF, 'nkf'\n",
    "\n",
    "NKF"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"2.1.3 (2013-11-22)\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "NKF::VERSION"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "次回は`4-3 オブジェクト`から"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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