{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5-1-5 Integer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Fixnum\n",
      "Bignum\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Bignum"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p 100.class\n",
    "p 10000000000000000000000000000000000.class"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "60\tFixnum\n",
      "61\tFixnum\n",
      "62\tBignum\n",
      "63\tBignum\n",
      "64\tBignum\n",
      "65\tBignum\n",
      "66\tBignum\n",
      "67\tBignum\n",
      "68\tBignum\n",
      "69\tBignum\n",
      "70\tBignum\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "60"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "60.step(70, 1).each{ |i| puts \"%i\\t%s\"%[i, (2 ** i).class]}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1.odd?\n",
    "2.even?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",
      "[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p (0..10).to_a.select(&:odd?)\n",
    "p (0..10).to_a.select(&:even?)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "3\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p 2.next\n",
    "p 2.succ\n",
    "p 2.pred"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ZeroDivisionError",
     "evalue": "divided by 0",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m: divided by 0",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):20:in `/'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):20:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 / 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\"30\"\n",
      "\"11110\"\n",
      "\"36\"\n",
      "\"1e\"\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"1e\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p 30.to_s\n",
    "p 30.to_s(2)\n",
    "p 30.to_s(8)\n",
    "p 30.to_s(16)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\"]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(65..70).map {|n| n.chr}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "RangeError",
     "evalue": "256 out of char range",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mRangeError\u001b[0m: 256 out of char range",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):26:in `chr'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):26:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "256.chr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12354"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"あ\".ord"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"あぁい\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "[12354, 12353, 12356].pack(\"U*\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[12354, 12356, 12358, 12360]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"あいうえ\".unpack(\"U*\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "65"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"A\".ord"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"あ\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "12354.chr(\"UTF-8\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "123\n",
      "1456312066\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1456312066"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p '123'.to_i\n",
    "p Time.now.to_i"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "234"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Integer('234')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can't convert nil into Integer",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can't convert nil into Integer",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):43:in `Integer'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):43:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Integer(nil)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "123"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Integer '123'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Array(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Array([1, 2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Array(nil)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "invalid value for Integer(): \"abc\"",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: invalid value for Integer(): \"abc\"",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):52:in `Integer'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):52:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Integer('abc')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can't convert Array into Integer",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can't convert Array into Integer",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):53:in `Integer'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):53:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:323:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:243:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:242:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/pry-0.10.1/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:241:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:65:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/iruby-0.2.7/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/Users/mic/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Integer([1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "-----------------\n",
      "3\n",
      "2\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1.upto 3 do |num|\n",
    "  puts num\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "puts '-----------------'\n",
    "\n",
    "3.downto 1 do |num|\n",
    "  puts num\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3.times do |num|\n",
    "  puts num\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Enumerator"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3.times.class"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5-1-6 Float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.9999999999999999\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.9999999999999999"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum = 0.0; 10.times{|i| sum += 0.1 }; p sum"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Infinity\n",
      "-Infinity\n",
      "NaN\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "NaN"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p 1.0 / 0 \n",
    "p -1.0 / 0\n",
    "p 0.0 / 0 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5-1-7 Rational"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1/3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r = Rational(1, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p r.denominator\n",
    "p r.numerator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1/1)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1/1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 66,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum = 0; 10.times{|i| sum += 1/10r }; p sum"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(3/10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3.quo(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1456312849490761/1000000)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Time.now.to_r"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/latex": [
       "$2+3\\imath$"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "(2+3i)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Complex(2, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/latex": [
       "$2+2\\imath$"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "(2+2i)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Complex('2+2i')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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