{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-2 Proc#new以外のProcオブジェクトの作り方"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Proc:0x0000561034409e18@(pry):3 (lambda)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda_obj = lambda { 1 }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Proc"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda_obj.class"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda_obj.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-2-2 Kernel.#lambdaメソッド"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Proc:0x0000561034b90a38@(pry):7 (lambda)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "inc = ->(x) { x + 1 }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "inc.(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Proc:0x0000561034c0ae50@(pry):9 (lambda)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lo = lambda {|x| x + 1}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "11"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lo.call(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-3 Proc.new/Kernel.proc/Kernel.lambda"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":proc_return"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def proc_return\n",
    "  Proc.new {return 1; puts :unreachable}.call\n",
    "  :unreachable\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc_return"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "LocalJumpError",
     "evalue": "unexpected return",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mLocalJumpError\u001b[0m: unexpected return",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):19:in `block in <main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):19:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Proc.new {return 1; puts :unreachable}.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda { return 1; puts :unreachable}.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":reachable"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def lambda_return\n",
    "  lambda {return 1; puts :unreachable}.call\n",
    "  :reachable\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "lambda_return"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "LocalJumpError",
     "evalue": "break from proc-closure",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mLocalJumpError\u001b[0m: break from proc-closure",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):27:in `block in <main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):27:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Proc.new {break 1; puts :unreachable}.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "LocalJumpError",
     "evalue": "break from proc-closure",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mLocalJumpError\u001b[0m: break from proc-closure",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):29:in `block in proc_break'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):29:in `proc_break'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):32:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def proc_break\n",
    "  Proc.new { break 1 ; puts :unreachable}.call\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "proc_break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda { break 1; puts :unreachable }.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":reachable"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def lambda_break\n",
    "  lambda {break 1; puts :unreachable}.call\n",
    "  :reachable\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "lambda_break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"1\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def wrap_method(proc_or_lambda)\n",
    "  x = proc_or_lambda.call(1)\n",
    "  x.to_s\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "wrap_method proc {|x| next x; x.succ}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"1\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wrap_method lambda {|x| next x; x.succ }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-3-2 引数の違い"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Proc.new {|x, y| x}.call(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):50:in `block in <main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):50:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda {|x, y| x}.call(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-3-3 Proc#lambda?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2]\n",
      "[1, nil]\n",
      "[1, 2]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "args_proc = Proc.new {|x, y| [x, y]}\n",
    "puts args_proc[1,2,3]\n",
    "puts args_proc[1]\n",
    "puts args_proc[[1,2]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "wrong number of arguments (given 3, expected 2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: wrong number of arguments (given 3, expected 2)",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):58:in `block in <main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):59:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "args_lambda = lambda {|x, y| [x, y]}\n",
    "puts args_lambda[1,2,3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):58:in `block in <main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):62:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "puts args_lambda[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):58:in `block in <main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):63:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "puts args_lambda[[1,2]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "false"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc {}.lambda?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lambda {}.lambda?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1.method(:+).to_proc.lambda?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "wrong number of arguments (given 0, expected 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: wrong number of arguments (given 0, expected 1)",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):68:in `+'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):68:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1.method(:+).to_proc.call()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ArgumentError",
     "evalue": "wrong number of arguments (given 2, expected 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[31mArgumentError\u001b[0m: wrong number of arguments (given 2, expected 1)",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):69:in `+'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m(pry):69:in `<main>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:387:in `evaluate_ruby'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:355:in `handle_line'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:274:in `block (2 levels) in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:273:in `block in eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `catch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/pry/pry_instance.rb:272:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:66:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/backend.rb:12:in `eval'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:87:in `execute_request'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:47:in `dispatch'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/kernel.rb:37:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:70:in `run_kernel'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/lib/iruby/command.rb:34:in `run'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/gems/iruby-0.3/bin/iruby:5:in `<top (required)>'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `load'\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[37m/home/jovyan/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin/iruby:23:in `<main>'\u001b[0m"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1.method(:+).to_proc.call(2, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-4 Rubyでのクロージャ"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 8-4-1 クロージャとしてのProcオブジェクトの動作"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":create_proc"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def create_proc\n",
    "  str = 'from create_proc'\n",
    "  Proc.new {str}\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Proc:0x00005610346fa870@(pry):74>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "proc_obj = create_proc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"from create_proc\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "str= 'from toplevel'\n",
    "proc_obj.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"from toplevel\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "str = 'from toplevel'\n",
    "top_level_proc = Proc.new {str}\n",
    "top_level_proc.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"from toplevelappend strings\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "str += 'append strings'\n",
    "top_level_proc.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 9章 Methodクラス"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 9-1 Methodオブジェクト"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "doubule = Proc.new {|x| x * 2}\n",
    "doubule.(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Method: Array#shift>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "array = [1,2,3,4,5]\n",
    "array_shift = array.method(:shift)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "array_shift.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[2, 3, 4, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "array"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Method: Dog#bark>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Dog\n",
    "  def bark\n",
    "    puts 'wan!!'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "dog = Dog.new\n",
    "bark_wan = dog.method(:bark)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":bark"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Dog\n",
    "  def bark\n",
    "    puts 'bowwow!!'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "bowwow!!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog.bark"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "wan!!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bark_wan.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":bark"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def dog.bark\n",
    "  puts 'kyankyan!!'\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "kyankyan!!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dog.bark"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "wan!!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bark_wan.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 9-1-2 メソッドに関する引数の情報"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "nil\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Rec\n",
    "  def rec(i)\n",
    "    p i\n",
    "    return if i.nil?\n",
    "    self.rec(nil)\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "Rec.new.rec(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Rec:0x00005610346a3408>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rec = Rec.new"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<Method: Rec#rec>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rec_method = rec.method(:rec)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "nil\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rec_method.call(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":rec"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 75,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Rec\n",
    "  def rec(i)\n",
    "    p \"override! #{i}\"\n",
    "    return if i.nil?\n",
    "    rec(nil)\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "\"override! \"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rec_method.call(3) #再帰の場合はメソッドが書き換わってしまう！"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 9-1-2 メソッドに関する引数の情報"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":arity_keyword_2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 85,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Arity\n",
    "  def arity_0; end\n",
    "  def arity_1(x); end\n",
    "  def arity_2(x, y); end\n",
    "  \n",
    "  def arity_variable_length(*x); end\n",
    "  def arity_variable_length_with_default_arg(x, *y); end\n",
    "  def arity_default_val_1(x = 1); end\n",
    "  def arity_default_val_2(x, y = 1); end\n",
    "  \n",
    "  def arity_keyword_2(x:, y:); end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "-1\n",
      "-2\n",
      "-1\n",
      "-2\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "arity_obj = Arity.new\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_0).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_1).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_2).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_variable_length).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_variable_length_with_default_arg).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_default_val_1).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_default_val_2).arity\n",
    "puts arity_obj.method(:arity_keyword_2).arity"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":arity1_and_block_arg"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 91,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class MethodParameter\n",
    "  def arity0; end\n",
    "  def arity1(x); end\n",
    "  def arity1_and_default_val(x = 1); end\n",
    "  def arity1_and_valiable_arg(x, *y); end\n",
    "  def arity1_and_block_arg(x, &y); end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[]\n",
      "[[:req, :x]]\n",
      "[[:opt, :x]]\n",
      "[[:req, :x], [:rest, :y]]\n",
      "[[:req, :x], [:block, :y]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "method_params = MethodParameter.new\n",
    "puts method_params.method(:arity0).parameters\n",
    "puts method_params.method(:arity1).parameters\n",
    "puts method_params.method(:arity1_and_default_val).parameters\n",
    "puts method_params.method(:arity1_and_valiable_arg).parameters\n",
    "puts method_params.method(:arity1_and_block_arg).parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[[:rest]]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "puts_method = Kernel.method(:puts)\n",
    "puts_method.parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":method_missing"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 99,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class KeywordArgs\n",
    "  def normal_method_allow_keyword_args(first_arg, second_arg, third_arg)\n",
    "    [first_arg, second_arg, third_arg]\n",
    "  end\n",
    "  \n",
    "  private\n",
    "  \n",
    "  def method_missing(name, *args)\n",
    "    method_name = name.to_s + '_allow_keyword_args'\n",
    "    super unless respond_to? method_name\n",
    "    args_hash = args.first\n",
    "    \n",
    "    new_args = self.method(method_name).parameters.map do |(req, arg_name)|\n",
    "      args_hash[arg_name]\n",
    "    end\n",
    "    \n",
    "    __send__ method_name, *new_args\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[2, 3, 1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "KeywordArgs.new.normal_method(third_arg: 1, first_arg: 2, second_arg: 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 9-1-3 メソッドの持ち主/名前/レシーバ"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "MethodInfo"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 104,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class MethodInfo\n",
    "  def sample_method; end\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "obj = MethodInfo.new\n",
    "sample_method = obj.method(:sample_method)\n",
    "sample_method.owner"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":sample_method"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 105,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sample_method.name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "#<MethodInfo:0x0000561034d19c38>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 107,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sample_method.receiver"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "true"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 108,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sample_method.receiver == obj"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#  9-1-4 メソッドがオーバーライドしたメソッド"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 115,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       ":hello"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 115,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class OriginalClass\n",
    "  def hello\n",
    "    'hello'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end\n",
    "\n",
    "class OverrideClass < OriginalClass\n",
    "  def hello\n",
    "    'hello hello'\n",
    "  end\n",
    "end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 119,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "#<Method: OverrideClass#hello>\n",
      "OverrideClass\n",
      "hello hello\n",
      "#<Method: OriginalClass#hello>\n",
      "OriginalClass\n",
      "hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hello_method = OverrideClass.new.method(:hello)\n",
    "puts hello_method\n",
    "puts hello_method.owner\n",
    "puts hello_method.call\n",
    "puts hello_method.super_method\n",
    "puts hello_method.super_method.owner\n",
    "puts hello_method.super_method.call"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "nil\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "p OriginalClass.new.method(:hello).super_method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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