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# Natural Language Toolkit: CFG visualization # # Copyright (C) 2001-2012 NLTK Project # Author: Edward Loper <edloper@gradient.cis.upenn.edu> # URL: <http://www.nltk.org/> # For license information, see LICENSE.TXT
Visualization tools for CFGs. """
""" Idea for a nice demo: - 3 panes: grammar, treelet, working area - grammar is a list of productions - when you select a production, the treelet that it licenses appears in the treelet area - the working area has the text on the bottom, and S at top. When you select a production, it shows (ghosted) the locations where that production's treelet could be attached to either the text or the tree rooted at S. - the user can drag the treelet onto one of those (or click on them?) - the user can delete pieces of the tree from the working area (right click?) - connecting top to bottom? drag one NP onto another?
+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | S -> NP VP | S | |[NP -> Det N ]| / \ | | ... | NP VP | | N -> 'dog' | | | N -> 'cat' | | | ... | | +--------------+ | | NP | Det N | | / \ | | | | | Det N | the cat saw the dog | | | | +--------------+----------------------------------------------+
Operations: - connect a new treelet -- drag or click shadow - delete a treelet -- right click - if only connected to top, delete everything below - if only connected to bottom, delete everything above - connect top & bottom -- drag a leaf to a root or a root to a leaf - disconnect top & bottom -- right click - if connected to top & bottom, then disconnect """
Scrollbar, Text, Tk, Toplevel)
Nonterminal, nonterminals) SymbolWidget, TextWidget)
###################################################################### # Production List ######################################################################
textwidget.tag_config('terminal', foreground='#006000') textwidget.tag_config('arrow', font='symbol', underline='0') textwidget.tag_config('nonterminal', foreground='blue', font=('helvetica', -12, 'bold'))
contents = [] contents.append(('%s\t' % item.lhs(), 'nonterminal')) contents.append((self.ARROW, 'arrow')) for elt in item.rhs(): if isinstance(elt, Nonterminal): contents.append((' %s' % elt.symbol(), 'nonterminal')) else: contents.append((' %r' % elt, 'terminal')) return contents
###################################################################### # CFG Editor ######################################################################
The CFG Editor can be used to create or modify context free grammars. A context free grammar consists of a start symbol and a list of productions. The start symbol is specified by the text entry field in the upper right hand corner of the editor; and the list of productions are specified in the main text editing box.
Every non-blank line specifies a single production. Each production has the form "LHS -> RHS," where LHS is a single nonterminal, and RHS is a list of nonterminals and terminals.
Nonterminals must be a single word, such as S or NP or NP_subj. Currently, nonterminals must consists of alphanumeric characters and underscores (_). Nonterminals are colored blue. If you place the mouse over any nonterminal, then all occurrences of that nonterminal will be highlighted.
Termianals must be surrounded by single quotes (') or double quotes(\"). For example, "dog" and "New York" are terminals. Currently, the string within the quotes must consist of alphanumeric characters, underscores, and spaces.
To enter a new production, go to a blank line, and type a nonterminal, followed by an arrow (->), followed by a sequence of terminals and nonterminals. Note that "->" (dash + greater-than) is automatically converted to an arrow symbol. When you move your cursor to a different line, your production will automatically be colorized. If there are any errors, they will be highlighted in red.
Note that the order of the productions is significant for some algorithms. To re-order the productions, use cut and paste to move them.
Use the buttons at the bottom of the window when you are done editing the CFG: - Ok: apply the new CFG, and exit the editor. - Apply: apply the new CFG, and do not exit the editor. - Reset: revert to the original CFG, and do not exit the editor. - Cancel: revert to the original CFG, and exit the editor.
"""
""" A dialog window for creating and editing context free grammars. ``CFGEditor`` imposes the following restrictions:
- All nonterminals must be strings consisting of word characters. - All terminals must be strings consisting of word characters and space characters. """ # Regular expressions used by _analyze_line. Precompile them, so # we can process the text faster. "(->|("+ARROW+"))\s*" + # arrow r"((\w+|'[\w ]*'|\"[\w ]*\"|\|)\s*)*$") # RHS
self._parent = parent if cfg is not None: self._cfg = cfg else: self._cfg = ContextFreeGrammar(Nonterminal('S'), []) self._set_cfg_callback = set_cfg_callback
self._highlight_matching_nonterminals = 1
# Create the top-level window. self._top = Toplevel(parent) self._init_bindings()
self._init_startframe() self._startframe.pack(side='top', fill='x', expand=0) self._init_prodframe() self._prodframe.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1) self._init_buttons() self._buttonframe.pack(side='bottom', fill='x', expand=0)
self._textwidget.focus()
frame = self._startframe = Frame(self._top) self._start = Entry(frame) self._start.pack(side='right') Label(frame, text='Start Symbol:').pack(side='right') Label(frame, text='Productions:').pack(side='left') self._start.insert(0, self._cfg.start().symbol())
frame = self._buttonframe = Frame(self._top) Button(frame, text='Ok', command=self._ok, underline=0, takefocus=0).pack(side='left') Button(frame, text='Apply', command=self._apply, underline=0, takefocus=0).pack(side='left') Button(frame, text='Reset', command=self._reset, underline=0, takefocus=0,).pack(side='left') Button(frame, text='Cancel', command=self._cancel, underline=0, takefocus=0).pack(side='left') Button(frame, text='Help', command=self._help, underline=0, takefocus=0).pack(side='right')
self._top.title('CFG Editor') self._top.bind('<Control-q>', self._cancel) self._top.bind('<Alt-q>', self._cancel) self._top.bind('<Control-d>', self._cancel) #self._top.bind('<Control-x>', self._cancel) self._top.bind('<Alt-x>', self._cancel) self._top.bind('<Escape>', self._cancel) #self._top.bind('<Control-c>', self._cancel) self._top.bind('<Alt-c>', self._cancel)
self._top.bind('<Control-o>', self._ok) self._top.bind('<Alt-o>', self._ok) self._top.bind('<Control-a>', self._apply) self._top.bind('<Alt-a>', self._apply) self._top.bind('<Control-r>', self._reset) self._top.bind('<Alt-r>', self._reset) self._top.bind('<Control-h>', self._help) self._top.bind('<Alt-h>', self._help) self._top.bind('<F1>', self._help)
self._prodframe = Frame(self._top)
# Create the basic Text widget & scrollbar. self._textwidget = Text(self._prodframe, background='#e0e0e0', exportselection=1) self._textscroll = Scrollbar(self._prodframe, takefocus=0, orient='vertical') self._textwidget.config(yscrollcommand = self._textscroll.set) self._textscroll.config(command=self._textwidget.yview) self._textscroll.pack(side='right', fill='y') self._textwidget.pack(expand=1, fill='both', side='left')
# Initialize the colorization tags. Each nonterminal gets its # own tag, so they aren't listed here. self._textwidget.tag_config('terminal', foreground='#006000') self._textwidget.tag_config('arrow', font='symbol') self._textwidget.tag_config('error', background='red')
# Keep track of what line they're on. We use that to remember # to re-analyze a line whenever they leave it. self._linenum = 0
# Expand "->" to an arrow. self._top.bind('>', self._replace_arrows)
# Re-colorize lines when appropriate. self._top.bind('<<Paste>>', self._analyze) self._top.bind('<KeyPress>', self._check_analyze) self._top.bind('<ButtonPress>', self._check_analyze)
# Tab cycles focus. (why doesn't this work??) def cycle(e, textwidget=self._textwidget): textwidget.tk_focusNext().focus() self._textwidget.bind('<Tab>', cycle)
prod_tuples = [(p.lhs(),[p.rhs()]) for p in self._cfg.productions()] for i in range(len(prod_tuples)-1,0,-1): if (prod_tuples[i][0] == prod_tuples[i-1][0]): if () in prod_tuples[i][1]: continue if () in prod_tuples[i-1][1]: continue print(prod_tuples[i-1][1]) print(prod_tuples[i][1]) prod_tuples[i-1][1].extend(prod_tuples[i][1]) del prod_tuples[i]
for lhs, rhss in prod_tuples: print(lhs, rhss) s = '%s ->' % lhs for rhs in rhss: for elt in rhs: if isinstance(elt, Nonterminal): s += ' %s' % elt else: s += ' %r' % elt s += ' |' s = s[:-2] + '\n' self._textwidget.insert('end', s)
self._analyze()
# # Add the producitons to the text widget, and colorize them. # prod_by_lhs = {} # for prod in self._cfg.productions(): # if len(prod.rhs()) > 0: # prod_by_lhs.setdefault(prod.lhs(),[]).append(prod) # for (lhs, prods) in prod_by_lhs.items(): # self._textwidget.insert('end', '%s ->' % lhs) # self._textwidget.insert('end', self._rhs(prods[0])) # for prod in prods[1:]: # print '\t|'+self._rhs(prod), # self._textwidget.insert('end', '\t|'+self._rhs(prod)) # self._textwidget.insert('end', '\n') # for prod in self._cfg.productions(): # if len(prod.rhs()) == 0: # self._textwidget.insert('end', '%s' % prod) # self._analyze()
# def _rhs(self, prod): # s = '' # for elt in prod.rhs(): # if isinstance(elt, Nonterminal): s += ' %s' % elt.symbol() # else: s += ' %r' % elt # return s
""" Remove all tags (except ``arrow`` and ``sel``) from the given line of the text widget used for editing the productions. """ start = '%d.0'%linenum end = '%d.end'%linenum for tag in self._textwidget.tag_names(): if tag not in ('arrow', 'sel'): self._textwidget.tag_remove(tag, start, end)
""" Check if we've moved to a new line. If we have, then remove all colorization from the line we moved to, and re-colorize the line that we moved from. """ linenum = int(self._textwidget.index('insert').split('.')[0]) if linenum != self._linenum: self._clear_tags(linenum) self._analyze_line(self._linenum) self._linenum = linenum
""" Replace any ``'->'`` text strings with arrows (char \\256, in symbol font). This searches the whole buffer, but is fast enough to be done anytime they press '>'. """ arrow = '1.0' while True: arrow = self._textwidget.search('->', arrow, 'end+1char') if arrow == '': break self._textwidget.delete(arrow, arrow+'+2char') self._textwidget.insert(arrow, self.ARROW, 'arrow') self._textwidget.insert(arrow, '\t')
arrow = '1.0' while True: arrow = self._textwidget.search(self.ARROW, arrow+'+1char', 'end+1char') if arrow == '': break self._textwidget.tag_add('arrow', arrow, arrow+'+1char')
""" Given a line number and a regexp match for a token on that line, colorize the token. Note that the regexp match gives us the token's text, start index (on the line), and end index (on the line). """ # What type of token is it? if match.group()[0] in "'\"": tag = 'terminal' elif match.group() in ('->', self.ARROW): tag = 'arrow' else: # If it's a nonterminal, then set up new bindings, so we # can highlight all instances of that nonterminal when we # put the mouse over it. tag = 'nonterminal_'+match.group() if tag not in self._textwidget.tag_names(): self._init_nonterminal_tag(tag)
start = '%d.%d' % (linenum, match.start()) end = '%d.%d' % (linenum, match.end()) self._textwidget.tag_add(tag, start, end)
self._textwidget.tag_config(tag, foreground=foreground, font=CFGEditor._BOLD) if not self._highlight_matching_nonterminals: return def enter(e, textwidget=self._textwidget, tag=tag): textwidget.tag_config(tag, background='#80ff80') def leave(e, textwidget=self._textwidget, tag=tag): textwidget.tag_config(tag, background='') self._textwidget.tag_bind(tag, '<Enter>', enter) self._textwidget.tag_bind(tag, '<Leave>', leave)
""" Colorize a given line. """ # Get rid of any tags that were previously on the line. self._clear_tags(linenum)
# Get the line line's text string. line = self._textwidget.get(repr(linenum)+'.0', repr(linenum)+'.end')
# If it's a valid production, then colorize each token. if CFGEditor._PRODUCTION_RE.match(line): # It's valid; Use _TOKEN_RE to tokenize the production, # and call analyze_token on each token. def analyze_token(match, self=self, linenum=linenum): self._analyze_token(match, linenum) return '' CFGEditor._TOKEN_RE.sub(analyze_token, line) elif line.strip() != '': # It's invalid; show the user where the error is. self._mark_error(linenum, line)
""" Mark the location of an error in a line. """ arrowmatch = CFGEditor._ARROW_RE.search(line) if not arrowmatch: # If there's no arrow at all, highlight the whole line. start = '%d.0' % linenum end = '%d.end' % linenum elif not CFGEditor._LHS_RE.match(line): # Otherwise, if the LHS is bad, highlight it. start = '%d.0' % linenum end = '%d.%d' % (linenum, arrowmatch.start()) else: # Otherwise, highlight the RHS. start = '%d.%d' % (linenum, arrowmatch.end()) end = '%d.end' % linenum
# If we're highlighting 0 chars, highlight the whole line. if self._textwidget.compare(start, '==', end): start = '%d.0' % linenum end = '%d.end' % linenum self._textwidget.tag_add('error', start, end)
""" Replace ``->`` with arrows, and colorize the entire buffer. """ self._replace_arrows() numlines = int(self._textwidget.index('end').split('.')[0]) for linenum in range(1, numlines+1): # line numbers start at 1. self._analyze_line(linenum)
""" Parse the current contents of the textwidget buffer, to create a list of productions. """ productions = []
# Get the text, normalize it, and split it into lines. text = self._textwidget.get('1.0', 'end') text = re.sub(self.ARROW, '->', text) text = re.sub('\t', ' ', text) lines = text.split('\n')
# Convert each line to a CFG production for line in lines: line = line.strip() if line=='': continue productions += parse_cfg_production(line) #if line.strip() == '': continue #if not CFGEditor._PRODUCTION_RE.match(line): # raise ValueError('Bad production string %r' % line) # #(lhs_str, rhs_str) = line.split('->') #lhs = Nonterminal(lhs_str.strip()) #rhs = [] #def parse_token(match, rhs=rhs): # token = match.group() # if token[0] in "'\"": rhs.append(token[1:-1]) # else: rhs.append(Nonterminal(token)) # return '' #CFGEditor._TOKEN_RE.sub(parse_token, rhs_str) # #productions.append(Production(lhs, *rhs))
return productions
if self._top is None: return self._top.destroy() self._top = None
self._apply() self._destroy()
productions = self._parse_productions() start = Nonterminal(self._start.get()) cfg = ContextFreeGrammar(start, productions) if self._set_cfg_callback is not None: self._set_cfg_callback(cfg)
self._textwidget.delete('1.0', 'end') for production in self._cfg.productions(): self._textwidget.insert('end', '%s\n' % production) self._analyze() if self._set_cfg_callback is not None: self._set_cfg_callback(self._cfg)
try: self._reset() except: pass self._destroy()
# The default font's not very legible; try using 'fixed' instead. try: ShowText(self._parent, 'Help: Chart Parser Demo', (_CFGEditor_HELP).strip(), width=75, font='fixed') except: ShowText(self._parent, 'Help: Chart Parser Demo', (_CFGEditor_HELP).strip(), width=75)
###################################################################### # New Demo (built tree based on cfg) ######################################################################
self._grammar = grammar self._text = text
# Set up the main window. self._top = Tk() self._top.title('Context Free Grammar Demo')
# Base font size self._size = IntVar(self._top) self._size.set(12) # = medium
# Set up the key bindings self._init_bindings(self._top)
# Create the basic frames frame1 = Frame(self._top) frame1.pack(side='left', fill='y', expand=0) self._init_menubar(self._top) self._init_buttons(self._top) self._init_grammar(frame1) self._init_treelet(frame1) self._init_workspace(self._top)
#////////////////////////////////////////////////// # Initialization #//////////////////////////////////////////////////
top.bind('<Control-q>', self.destroy)
self._prodlist = ProductionList(parent, self._grammar, width=20) self._prodlist.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1) self._prodlist.focus() self._prodlist.add_callback('select', self._selectprod_cb) self._prodlist.add_callback('move', self._selectprod_cb)
self._treelet_canvas = Canvas(parent, background='white') self._treelet_canvas.pack(side='bottom', fill='x') self._treelet = None
self._workspace = CanvasFrame(parent, background='white') self._workspace.pack(side='right', fill='both', expand=1) self._tree = None self.reset_workspace()
#////////////////////////////////////////////////// # Workspace #//////////////////////////////////////////////////
c = self._workspace.canvas() fontsize = int(self._size.get()) node_font = ('helvetica', -(fontsize+4), 'bold') leaf_font = ('helvetica', -(fontsize+2))
# Remove the old tree if self._tree is not None: self._workspace.remove_widget(self._tree)
# The root of the tree. start = self._grammar.start().symbol() rootnode = TextWidget(c, start, font=node_font, draggable=1)
# The leaves of the tree. leaves = [] for word in self._text: leaves.append(TextWidget(c, word, font=leaf_font, draggable=1))
# Put it all together into one tree self._tree = TreeSegmentWidget(c, rootnode, leaves, color='white')
# Add it to the workspace. self._workspace.add_widget(self._tree)
# Move the leaves to the bottom of the workspace. for leaf in leaves: leaf.move(0,100)
#self._nodes = {start:1} #self._leaves = dict([(l,1) for l in leaves])
pass
if tree is None: tree = self._tree for i in range(len(tree.subtrees())-len(prod.rhs())): if tree['color', i] == 'white': self._markproduction
for j, node in enumerate(prod.rhs()): widget = tree.subtrees()[i+j] if (isinstance(node, Nonterminal) and isinstance(widget, TreeSegmentWidget) and node.symbol == widget.node().text()): pass # matching nonterminal elif (isinstance(node, (str, unicode)) and isinstance(widget, TextWidget) and node == widget.text()): pass # matching nonterminal else: break else: # Everything matched! print('MATCH AT', i)
#////////////////////////////////////////////////// # Grammar #//////////////////////////////////////////////////
canvas = self._treelet_canvas
self._prodlist.highlight(production) if self._treelet is not None: self._treelet.destroy()
# Convert the production to a tree. rhs = production.rhs() for (i, elt) in enumerate(rhs): if isinstance(elt, Nonterminal): elt = Tree(elt) tree = Tree(production.lhs().symbol(), *rhs)
# Draw the tree in the treelet area. fontsize = int(self._size.get()) node_font = ('helvetica', -(fontsize+4), 'bold') leaf_font = ('helvetica', -(fontsize+2)) self._treelet = tree_to_treesegment(canvas, tree, node_font=node_font, leaf_font=leaf_font) self._treelet['draggable'] = 1
# Center the treelet. (x1, y1, x2, y2) = self._treelet.bbox() w, h = int(canvas['width']), int(canvas['height']) self._treelet.move((w-x1-x2)/2, (h-y1-y2)/2)
# Mark the places where we can add it to the workspace. self._markproduction(production)
self._top.destroy()
self._top.mainloop(*args, **kwargs)
from nltk import Nonterminal, Production, ContextFreeGrammar nonterminals = 'S VP NP PP P N Name V Det' (S, VP, NP, PP, P, N, Name, V, Det) = [Nonterminal(s) for s in nonterminals.split()] productions = ( # Syntactic Productions Production(S, [NP, VP]), Production(NP, [Det, N]), Production(NP, [NP, PP]), Production(VP, [VP, PP]), Production(VP, [V, NP, PP]), Production(VP, [V, NP]), Production(PP, [P, NP]), Production(PP, []),
Production(PP, ['up', 'over', NP]),
# Lexical Productions Production(NP, ['I']), Production(Det, ['the']), Production(Det, ['a']), Production(N, ['man']), Production(V, ['saw']), Production(P, ['in']), Production(P, ['with']), Production(N, ['park']), Production(N, ['dog']), Production(N, ['statue']), Production(Det, ['my']), ) grammar = ContextFreeGrammar(S, productions)
text = 'I saw a man in the park'.split() d=CFGDemo(grammar, text) d.mainloop()
###################################################################### # Old Demo ######################################################################
from nltk import Nonterminal, parse_cfg nonterminals = 'S VP NP PP P N Name V Det' (S, VP, NP, PP, P, N, Name, V, Det) = [Nonterminal(s) for s in nonterminals.split()]
grammar = parse_cfg(""" S -> NP VP PP -> P NP NP -> Det N NP -> NP PP VP -> V NP VP -> VP PP Det -> 'a' Det -> 'the' Det -> 'my' NP -> 'I' N -> 'dog' N -> 'man' N -> 'park' N -> 'statue' V -> 'saw' P -> 'in' P -> 'up' P -> 'over' P -> 'with' """)
def cb(grammar): print(grammar) top = Tk() editor = CFGEditor(top, grammar, cb) Label(top, text='\nTesting CFG Editor\n').pack() Button(top, text='Quit', command=top.destroy).pack() top.mainloop()
from nltk import Production (S, VP, NP, PP, P, N, Name, V, Det) = \ nonterminals('S, VP, NP, PP, P, N, Name, V, Det')
productions = ( # Syntactic Productions Production(S, [NP, VP]), Production(NP, [Det, N]), Production(NP, [NP, PP]), Production(VP, [VP, PP]), Production(VP, [V, NP, PP]), Production(VP, [V, NP]), Production(PP, [P, NP]), Production(PP, []),
Production(PP, ['up', 'over', NP]),
# Lexical Productions Production(NP, ['I']), Production(Det, ['the']), Production(Det, ['a']), Production(N, ['man']), Production(V, ['saw']), Production(P, ['in']), Production(P, ['with']), Production(N, ['park']), Production(N, ['dog']), Production(N, ['statue']), Production(Det, ['my']), )
t = Tk() def destroy(e, t=t): t.destroy() t.bind('q', destroy) p = ProductionList(t, productions) p.pack(expand=1, fill='both') p.add_callback('select', p.markonly) p.add_callback('move', p.markonly) p.focus() p.mark(productions[2]) p.mark(productions[8])
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