Ontology
version info: 397
comment: Imports: Temporal, Extended DnS
comment: An Ontology of functional participation relations, based on traditional literature on thematic roles. OWL engineering by Aldo Gangemi.
imports: ExtendedDnS.owl

patient
type: ObjectProperty
domain: perdurant
comment: A functional participation relation assuming a relatively static role played by the endurant (e.g. not conceiving a plan, being subjected to some manipulation without involvement, etc.).Unfortunately, such a notion can't be formalized in general, because it is sensible to the particular plan that drives the action. Possibly, once a rich taxonomy of actions and related personal and social plans is developed, a better axiomatization can be provided.
inverse of: patient-of
sub property of: functional-participant
range: endurant

functional-participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: perdurant
comment: This relation constrains participation within the scope of a description: a perdurant is participated by an object according to a description and its components.
range: endurant
inverse of: functional-participant-in
sub property of: participant

prescribes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: performs
comment: The power of enforcing a plan of action to other agents.
range: action
domain: agent
inverse of: prescribed-by

generic-target
type: ObjectProperty
range: endurant
comment: A functional participation relation holding between activities and targeted endurants.It catches the everyday language notion of being the destination of an action. Unfortunately, such a notion can't be formalized in general, because it is sensible to the particular plan that drives the action. Possibly, once a rich taxonomy of actions and related personal and social plans is developed, a better axiomatization can be provided.
sub property of: functional-participant
inverse of: generic-target-of
domain: activity

substrate
type: ObjectProperty
range: endurant
sub property of: functional-participant
comment: A functional participation relation assuming a total constant participation, beyond certain roles and courses defined by a description.
inverse of: substrate-of
sub property of: total-constant-participant
domain: perdurant

instrument
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A functional usage participation relation holding between activities and physical objects.It catches the everyday language notion of being the tool, support or devisce of an action. Unfortunately, such a notion can't be formalized in general, because it is sensible to the particular plan that drives the action. Possibly, once a rich taxonomy of actions and related personal and social plans is developed, a better axiomatization can be provided.
inverse of: instrument-of
sub property of: use-of
range: physical-object
domain: activity

substrate-of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A functional participation relation assuming a total constant participation, beyond certain roles and courses defined by a description.
range: perdurant
domain: endurant
inverse of: substrate
sub property of: total-constant-participant-in
sub property of: functional-participant-in

result-of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: perdurant
sub property of: causally-follows
inverse of: result
range: activity
comment: A perdurant p1 results from another one p2 if they are sequenced within a same course, if a same endurant participates in both perdurants, and if p1 follows p2.

resource
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: resource-for
range: amount-of-matter
comment: An amount of matter can be a resource in some activity, if it has some role bound to the course that sequences the activity in a same description (typically a plan).
domain: activity
sub property of: use-of

theme
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A perdurant can have some information object as patient participant, e.g. in a communication activity.
inverse of: theme-of
domain: perdurant
sub property of: patient
range: information-object

use-of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: used-in
sub property of: functional-participant
range: endurant
comment: A functional participation between an action and an endurant that supports the goals of a performer.It catches the everyday language notion of being exploited during an action by someone/something that initiates or leads it.Unfortunately, such a notion can't be formalized in general, because it is sensible to the particular plan that drives the action. Possibly, once a rich taxonomy of actions and related personal and social plans is developed, a better axiomatization can be provided.
domain: action

performs
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A functional participation relation holding between agents and actions. It catches the everyday language notion of being the initiator of an action, or having a leading or primary role. Unfortunately, such a notion can't be formalized in general, because it is sensible to the particular plan that drives the action. Possibly, once a rich taxonomy of actions and related personal and social plans is developed, a better axiomatization can be provided.
inverse of: performed-by
domain: agent
range: action
sub property of: functional-participant-in

product
type: ObjectProperty
domain: activity
sub property of: functional-participant
comment: A functional participation relation that assumes a meet relation between an activity and the life of an endurant.Unfortunately, such a notion can't be formalized in general, because it is sensible to the particular project that drives the action. Possibly, once a rich taxonomy of actions and related personal and social plans is developed, a better axiomatization can be provided.
range: endurant
inverse of: product-of

target
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: target-of
range: endurant
sub property of: patient
comment: Targeting at an endurant, which in principle can avoid bearing modifications.
domain: perdurant