#!/bin/sh
# Author: William Lam
# Created Date: 11/17/2008
# http://www.williamlam.com/
# https://github.com/lamw/ghettoVCB
# http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760

##################################################################
#                   User Definable Parameters
##################################################################

LAST_MODIFIED_DATE=2023_09_29
VERSION=1

# directory that all VM backups should go (e.g. /vmfs/volumes/SAN_LUN1/mybackupdir)
VM_BACKUP_VOLUME=/vmfs/volumes/mini-local-datastore-hdd/backups

# Format output of VMDK backup
# zeroedthick
# 2gbsparse
# thin
# eagerzeroedthick
DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT=thin

# Number of backups for a given VM before deleting
VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT=3

# Shutdown guestOS prior to running backups and power them back on afterwards
# This feature assumes VMware Tools are installed, else they will not power down and loop forever
# 1=on, 0 =off
POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP=0

# enable shutdown code 1=on, 0 = off
ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF=0

# if the above flag "ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF "is set to 1, then will look at this flag which is the # of iterations
# the script will wait before executing a hard power off, this will be a multiple of 60seconds
# (e.g) = 3, which means this will wait up to 180seconds (3min) before it just powers off the VM
ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN=3

# Number of iterations the script will wait before giving up on powering down the VM and ignoring it for backup
# this will be a multiple of 60 (e.g) = 5, which means this will wait up to 300secs (5min) before it gives up
POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT=5

# enable compression with gzip+tar 1=on, 0=off
ENABLE_COMPRESSION=0

# Include VMs memory when taking snapshot
VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY=0

# Quiesce VM when taking snapshot (requires VMware Tools to be installed)
VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE=0

# default 15min timeout
SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT=15

# Allow VMs with snapshots to be backed up, this WILL CONSOLIDATE EXISTING SNAPSHOTS!
ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP=0

##########################################################
# NON-PERSISTENT NFS-BACKUP ONLY
#
# ENABLE NON PERSISTENT NFS BACKUP 1=on, 0=off

ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS=0

# umount NFS datastore after backup is complete 1=yes, 0=no
UNMOUNT_NFS=0

# IP Address of NFS Server
NFS_SERVER=172.51.0.192

# NFS Version (v3=nfs v4=nfsv41) - Only v3 is valid for 5.5
NFS_VERSION=nfs

# Path of exported folder residing on NFS Server (e.g. /some/mount/point )
NFS_MOUNT=/upload

# Non-persistent NFS datastore display name of choice
NFS_LOCAL_NAME=backup

# Name of backup directory for VMs residing on the NFS volume
NFS_VM_BACKUP_DIR=mybackups

##########################################################
# EMAIL CONFIGURATIONS
#

# Email Alerting 1=yes, 0=no
EMAIL_ALERT=0
# Email log 1=yes, 0=no
EMAIL_LOG=0

# Email Delay Interval from NC (netcat) - default 1
EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL=1

# Email SMTP server
EMAIL_SERVER=auroa.primp-industries.com

# Email SMTP server port
EMAIL_SERVER_PORT=25

# Email SMTP username
EMAIL_USER_NAME=

# Email SMTP password
EMAIL_USER_PASSWORD=

# Email FROM
EMAIL_FROM=root@ghettoVCB

# Comma seperated list of receiving email addresses
EMAIL_TO=auroa@primp-industries.com

# Comma seperated list of additional receiving email addresses if status is not "OK"
EMAIL_ERRORS_TO=

# Comma separated list of VM startup/shutdown ordering
VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER=
VM_STARTUP_ORDER=

# RSYNC LINK 1=yes, 0 = no
RSYNC_LINK=0

# DO NOT USE - UNTESTED CODE
# Path to another location that should have backups rotated,
# this is useful when your backups go to a temporary location
# then are rsync'd to a final destination.  You can specify the final
# destination as the ADDITIONAL_ROTATION_PATH which will be rotated after
# all VMs have been restarted
ADDITIONAL_ROTATION_PATH=

##########################################################
# SLOW NAS CONFIGURATIONS - By Rapitharian
##########################################################
#This Feature was added to the program to provide a fix for slow NAS devices similar to the Drobo and Synology devices.  SMB and Home NAS devices.
#This Feature enables the device to perform tasks (Deletes/data save for large files) and has the script wait for the NAS to catchup.
#This code has been in production on the authors systems for the last 2 years.

# Enable use of the NFS IO HACK for all NAS commands 1=yes, 0=no
# 0 uses the script in it's original state.
ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK=0

# Set this value to determine how many times the script tries to work arround I/O errors each time the NAS slows down.
# The script will skip past this loop if the NAS is responsive.
NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX=10

# This value determines the  number of seconds to sleep, when the NFS device is unresponsive.
NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER=60

# ONLY USE THIS WITH EXTREMELY SLOW NAS DEVICES!
# This is a Brute-force/Mandatory delay added on top of any delay imposed by the NFS_IO_Hack.
# Set a delay timer to allow the NFS server to catch up to GhettoVCB's stream, when the NAS isn't responding timely.
# This acts like a cooldown period for the NAS.
# The value is measured in seconds.  This causes the script to pause between each VM.
NFS_BACKUP_DELAY=0

##################################################################
#                   End User Definable Parameters
##################################################################

########################## DO NOT MODIFY PAST THIS LINE ##########################

# Do not remove workdir on exit: 1=yes, 0=no
WORKDIR_DEBUG=0
LOG_LEVEL="info"
VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP="all"

VERSION_STRING=${LAST_MODIFIED_DATE}_${VERSION}

# Directory naming convention for backup rotations (please ensure there are no spaces!)
# If set to "0", VMs will be rotated via an index, beginning at 0, ending at
# VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT-1
VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION="$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)"


printUsage() {
        echo "###############################################################################"
        echo "#"
        echo "# ghettoVCB for ESX/ESXi 3.5, 4.x, 5.x, 6.x, 7.x & 8.x"
        echo "# Author: William Lam"
        echo "# http://www.virtuallyghetto.com/"
        echo "# Documentation: http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760"
        echo "# Created: 11/17/2008"
        echo "# Last modified: ${LAST_MODIFIED_DATE} Version ${VERSION}"
        echo "#"
        echo "###############################################################################"
        echo
        echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [options]"
        echo
        echo "OPTIONS:"
        echo "   -a     Backup all VMs on host"
        echo "   -f     List of VMs to backup"
        echo "   -m     Name of VM to backup (overrides -f)"
        echo "   -j     Job name to show in email report subject (makes sense only in conjunction with -f)"
        echo "   -c     VM configuration directory for VM backups"
        echo "   -g     Path to global ghettoVCB configuration file"
        echo "   -l     File to output logging"
        echo "   -w     ghettoVCB work directory (default: /tmp/ghettoVCB.work)"
        echo "   -d     Debug level [info|debug|dryrun] (default: info)"
        echo
        echo "(e.g.)"
        echo -e "\nBackup list of VMs from a file (optionally include a job name for the email report)"
        echo -e "\t$0 -f vms_to_backup [ -j myJob ]"
        echo -e "\nBackup a single VM"
        echo -e "\t$0 -m vm_to_backup"
        echo -e "\nBackup all VMs residing on this host"
        echo -e "\t$0 -a"
        echo -e "\nBackup all VMs residing on this host except for the VMs in the exclusion list"
        echo -e "\t$0 -a -e vm_exclusion_list"
        echo -e "\nBackup VMs based on specific configuration located in directory"
        echo -e "\t$0 -f vms_to_backup -c vm_backup_configs"
        echo -e "\nBackup VMs using global ghettoVCB configuration file"
        echo -e "\t$0 -f vms_to_backup -g /global/ghettoVCB.conf"
        echo -e "\nOutput will log to /tmp/ghettoVCB.log (consider logging to local or remote datastore to persist logs)"
        echo -e "\t$0 -f vms_to_backup -l /vmfs/volume/local-storage/ghettoVCB.log"
        echo -e "\nDry run (no backup will take place)"
        echo -e "\t$0 -f vms_to_backup -d dryrun"
        echo
}

logger() {
    LOG_TYPE=$1
    MSG=$2

    if [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" == "debug" ]] && [[ "${LOG_TYPE}" == "debug" ]] || [[ "${LOG_TYPE}" == "info" ]] || [[ "${LOG_TYPE}" == "dryrun" ]]; then
        TIME=$(date +%F" "%H:%M:%S)
        if [[ "${LOG_TO_STDOUT}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
            echo -e "${TIME} -- ${LOG_TYPE}: ${MSG}"
        fi

        if [[ -n "${LOG_OUTPUT}" ]] ; then
            echo -e "${TIME} -- ${LOG_TYPE}: ${MSG}" >> "${LOG_OUTPUT}"
        fi

        if [[ "${EMAIL_LOG}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
            echo -ne "${TIME} -- ${LOG_TYPE}: ${MSG}\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_OUTPUT}"
        fi
    fi
}

sanityCheck() {
    # ensure root user is running the script
    if [ ! $(env | grep -e "^USER=" | awk -F = '{print $2}') == "root" ]; then
        logger "info" "This script needs to be executed by \"root\"!"
        echo "ERROR: This script needs to be executed by \"root\"!"
        exit 1
    fi

    # use of global ghettoVCB configuration
    if [[ "${USE_GLOBAL_CONF}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
        reConfigureGhettoVCBConfiguration "${GLOBAL_CONF}"
    fi

    # always log to STDOUT, use "> /dev/null" to ignore output
    LOG_TO_STDOUT=1

    #if no logfile then provide default logfile in /tmp

    if [[ -z "${LOG_OUTPUT}" ]] ; then
        LOG_OUTPUT="/tmp/ghettoVCB-$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)-$$.log"
        echo "Logging output to \"${LOG_OUTPUT}\" ..."
    fi

    touch "${LOG_OUTPUT}"
    # REDIRECT is used by the "tail" trick, use REDIRECT=/dev/null to redirect vmkfstool to STDOUT only
    REDIRECT=${LOG_OUTPUT}

    if [[ ! -f "${VM_FILE}" ]] && [[ "${USE_VM_CONF}" -eq 0 ]] && [[ "${BACKUP_ALL_VMS}" -eq 0 ]]; then
        logger "info" "ERROR: \"${VM_FILE}\" is not valid VM input file!"
        printUsage
	exit 1
    fi

    if [[ ! -f "${VM_EXCLUSION_FILE}" ]] && [[ "${EXCLUDE_SOME_VMS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
        logger "info" "ERROR: \"${VM_EXCLUSION_FILE}\" is not valid VM exclusion input file!"
        printUsage
	exit 1
    fi

    if [[ ! -d "${CONFIG_DIR}" ]] && [[ "${USE_VM_CONF}" -eq 1 ]]; then
        logger "info" "ERROR: \"${CONFIG_DIR}\" is not valid directory!"
        printUsage
	exit 1
    fi

    if [[ ! -f "${GLOBAL_CONF}" ]] && [[ "${USE_GLOBAL_CONF}" -eq 1 ]]; then
        logger "info" "ERROR: \"${GLOBAL_CONF}\" is not valid global configuration file!"
        printUsage
	exit 1
    fi

    if [[ -f /usr/bin/vmware-vim-cmd ]]; then
        VMWARE_CMD=/usr/bin/vmware-vim-cmd
        VMKFSTOOLS_CMD=/usr/sbin/vmkfstools
    elif [[ -f /bin/vim-cmd ]]; then
        VMWARE_CMD=/bin/vim-cmd
        VMKFSTOOLS_CMD=/sbin/vmkfstools
    else
        logger "info" "ERROR: Unable to locate *vimsh*!"
        echo "ERROR: Unable to locate *vimsh*!"
        exit 1
    fi
    if ${VMKFSTOOLS_CMD} 2>&1 -h | grep -F -e '--adaptertype' | grep -qF 'deprecated' || ! ${VMKFSTOOLS_CMD} 2>&1 -h | grep -F -e '--adaptertype'; then
        ADAPTERTYPE_DEPRECATED=1
    fi

    ESX_VERSION=$(vmware -v | awk '{print $3}')
    ESX_RELEASE=$(uname -r)

    case "${ESX_VERSION}" in
        8.0.0|8.0.1|8.0.2)          VER=8; break;;
        7.0.0|7.0.1|7.0.2|7.0.3)    VER=7; break;;
        6.0.0|6.5.0|6.7.0)          VER=6; break;;
        5.0.0|5.1.0|5.5.0)          VER=5; break;;
        4.0.0|4.1.0)                VER=4; break;;
        3.5.0|3i)                   VER=3; break;;
        *)              echo "ESX(i) version not supported!"; exit 1; break;;
    esac

    NEW_VIMCMD_SNAPSHOT="no"
    ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/snapshot.remove 2>&1 | grep -q "snapshotId"
    [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && NEW_VIMCMD_SNAPSHOT="yes"

    if [[ "${EMAIL_LOG}" -eq 1 ]] && [[ -f /usr/bin/nc ]] || [[ -f /bin/nc ]]; then
        if [[ -f /usr/bin/nc ]] ; then
            NC_BIN=/usr/bin/nc
        elif [[ -f /bin/nc ]] ; then
            NC_BIN=/bin/nc
        fi
    else
        EMAIL_LOG=0
    fi

    TAR="tar"
    [[ ! -f /bin/tar ]] && TAR="busybox tar"

    # Enable multiextent VMkernel module if disk format is 2gbsparse (disabled by default in 5.1)
    if [[ "${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}" == "2gbsparse" ]] && [[ "${VER}" -eq 5 || "${VER}" == "6" || "${VER}" == "7" ]]; then
        esxcli system module list | grep multiextent > /dev/null 2>&1
	if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
            logger "info" "multiextent VMkernel module is not loaded & is required for 2gbsparse, enabling ..."
            esxcli system module load -m multiextent
        fi
    fi
}

startTimer() {
    START_TIME=$(date)
    S_TIME=$(date +%s)
}

endTimer() {
    END_TIME=$(date)
    E_TIME=$(date +%s)
    DURATION=$(echo $((E_TIME - S_TIME)))

    #calculate overall completion time
    if [[ ${DURATION} -le 60 ]] ; then
        logger "info" "Backup Duration: ${DURATION} Seconds"
    else
        logger "info" "Backup Duration: $(awk 'BEGIN{ printf "%.2f\n", '${DURATION}'/60}') Minutes"
    fi
}

captureDefaultConfigurations() {
    DEFAULT_VM_BACKUP_VOLUME="${VM_BACKUP_VOLUME}"
    DEFAULT_DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT="${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}"
    DEFAULT_VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT="${VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT}"
    DEFAULT_POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP="${POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP}"
    DEFAULT_ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF="${ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF}"
    DEFAULT_ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN="${ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN}"
    DEFAULT_POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT="${POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT}"
    DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT="${SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT}"
    DEFAULT_ENABLE_COMPRESSION="${ENABLE_COMPRESSION}"
    DEFAULT_VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY="${VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY}"
    DEFAULT_VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE="${VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE}"
    DEFAULT_ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP="${ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP}"
    DEFAULT_VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP="${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP}"
    DEFAULT_EMAIL_LOG="${EMAIL_LOG}"
    DEFAULT_WORKDIR_DEBUG="${WORKDIR_DEBUG}"
    DEFAULT_VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER="${VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER}"
    DEFAULT_VM_STARTUP_ORDER="${VM_STARTUP_ORDER}"
    DEFAULT_RSYNC_LINK="${RSYNC_LINK}"
    DEFAULT_BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD="${BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD}"
    # Added the NFS_IO_HACK values below
    DEFAULT_NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX="${NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX}"
    DEFAULT_NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER="${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER}"
    DEFAULT_NFS_BACKUP_DELAY="${NFS_BACKUP_DELAY}"
    DEFAULT_ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK="${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}"
}

useDefaultConfigurations() {
    VM_BACKUP_VOLUME="${DEFAULT_VM_BACKUP_VOLUME}"
    DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT="${DEFAULT_DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}"
    VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT="${DEFAULT_VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT}"
    POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP="${DEFAULT_POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP}"
    ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF="${DEFAULT_ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF}"
    ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN="${DEFAULT_ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN}"
    POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT="${DEFAULT_POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT}"
    SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT="${DEFAULT_SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT}"
    ENABLE_COMPRESSION="${DEFAULT_ENABLE_COMPRESSION}"
    VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY="${DEFAULT_VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY}"
    VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE="${DEFAULT_VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE}"
    ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP="${DEFAULT_ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP}"
    VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP="${DEFAULT_VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP}"
    EMAIL_LOG="${DEFAULT_EMAIL_LOG}"
    WORKDIR_DEBUG="${DEFAULT_WORKDIR_DEBUG}"
    VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER="${DEFAULT_VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER}"
    VM_STARTUP_ORDER="${DEFAULT_VM_STARTUP_ORDER}"
    RSYNC_LINK="${RSYNC_LINK}"
    BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD="${BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD}"
	  # Added the NFS_IO_HACK values below
    ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK="${DEFAULT_ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}"
    NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX="${DEFAULT_NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX}"
    NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER="${DEFAULT_NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER}"
    NFS_BACKUP_DELAY="${DEFAULT_NFS_BACKUP_DELAY}"
}

reConfigureGhettoVCBConfiguration() {
    GLOBAL_CONF=$1

    if [[ -f "${GLOBAL_CONF}" ]]; then
        source "${GLOBAL_CONF}"
    else
        useDefaultConfigurations
    fi
}

reConfigureBackupParam() {
    VM=$1

    if [[ -e "${CONFIG_DIR}/${VM}" ]]; then
        logger "info" "CONFIG - USING CONFIGURATION FILE = ${CONFIG_DIR}/${VM}"
        source "${CONFIG_DIR}/${VM}"
    else
        useDefaultConfigurations
    fi
}

dumpHostInfo() {
    VERSION=$(vmware -v)
    logger "debug" "HOST VERSION: ${VERSION}"
    echo ${VERSION} | grep "Server 3i" > /dev/null 2>&1
    [[ $? -eq 1 ]] && logger "debug" "HOST LEVEL: $(vmware -l)"
    logger "debug" "HOSTNAME: $(hostname)\n"
}

findVMDK() {
    VMDK_TO_SEARCH_FOR=$1

    #if [[ "${USE_VM_CONF}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
    logger "debug" "findVMDK() - Searching for VMDK: \"${VMDK_TO_SEARCH_FOR}\" to backup"

    OLD_IFS2="${IFS}"
    IFS=","
    for k in ${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP}; do
        VMDK_FILE=$(echo $k | sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//;s/[[:blank:]]*$//')
        if [[ "${VMDK_FILE}" == "${VMDK_TO_SEARCH_FOR}" ]] ; then
            logger "debug" "findVMDK() - Found VMDK! - \"${VMDK_TO_SEARCH_FOR}\" to backup"
            isVMDKFound=1
        fi
    done
    IFS="${OLD_IFS2}"
    #fi
}

getVMDKs() {
    #get all VMDKs listed in .vmx file
    VMDKS_FOUND=$(grep -iE '(^scsi|^ide|^sata|^nvme)' "${VMX_PATH}" | grep -i fileName | awk -F " " '{print $1}')

    VMDKS=
    INDEP_VMDKS=

    TMP_IFS=${IFS}
    IFS=${ORIG_IFS}
    #loop through each disk and verify that it's currently present and create array of valid VMDKS
    for DISK in ${VMDKS_FOUND}; do
        #extract the SCSI ID and use it to check for valid vmdk disk
        SCSI_ID=$(echo ${DISK%%.*})
        grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.present" "${VMX_PATH}" | grep -i "true" > /dev/null 2>&1

        #if valid, then we use the vmdk file
        if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
            #verify disk is not independent
            grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.mode" "${VMX_PATH}" | grep -i "independent" > /dev/null 2>&1
            if [[ $? -eq 1 ]]; then
                grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.deviceType" "${VMX_PATH}" | grep -i "scsi-hardDisk" > /dev/null 2>&1

                #if we find the device type is of scsi-disk, then proceed
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    DISK=$(grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.fileName" "${VMX_PATH}" | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
                    echo "${DISK}" | grep "\/vmfs\/volumes" > /dev/null 2>&1

                    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                        DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS=$(cat "${DISK}" | grep "VMFS" | grep ".vmdk" | awk '{print $2}')
                    else
                        DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS=$(cat "${VMX_DIR}/${DISK}" | grep "VMFS" | grep ".vmdk" | awk '{print $2}')
                    fi

                    DISK_SIZE=$(echo "${DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS}" | awk '{printf "%.0f\n",$1*512/1024/1024/1024}')
                    VMDKS="${DISK}###${DISK_SIZE}:${VMDKS}"
                    TOTAL_VM_SIZE=$((TOTAL_VM_SIZE+DISK_SIZE))
                else
                    #if the deviceType is NULL for IDE which it is, thanks for the inconsistency VMware
                    #we'll do one more level of verification by checking to see if an ext. of .vmdk exists
                    #since we can not rely on the deviceType showing "ide-hardDisk"
                    grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.fileName" "${VMX_PATH}" | grep -i ".vmdk" > /dev/null 2>&1

                    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                        DISK=$(grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.fileName" "${VMX_PATH}" | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
                        echo "${DISK}" | grep "\/vmfs\/volumes" > /dev/null 2>&1
                        if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                            DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS=$(cat "${DISK}" | grep "VMFS" | grep ".vmdk" | awk '{print $2}')
                        else
                            DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS=$(cat "${VMX_DIR}/${DISK}" | grep "VMFS" | grep ".vmdk" | awk '{print $2}')
                        fi
                        DISK_SIZE=$(echo "${DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS}" | awk '{printf "%.0f\n",$1*512/1024/1024/1024}')
                        VMDKS="${DISK}###${DISK_SIZE}:${VMDKS}"
                        TOTAL_VM_SIZE=$((TOTAL_VM_SIZE_IN+DISK_SIZE))
                    fi
                fi

            else
                #independent disks are not affected by snapshots, hence they can not be backed up
                DISK=$(grep -i "^${SCSI_ID}.fileName" "${VMX_PATH}" | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
                echo "${DISK}" | grep "\/vmfs\/volumes" > /dev/null 2>&1
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS=$(cat "${DISK}" | grep "VMFS" | grep ".vmdk" | awk '{print $2}')
                else
                    DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS=$(cat "${VMX_DIR}/${DISK}" | grep "VMFS" | grep ".vmdk" | awk '{print $2}')
                fi
                DISK_SIZE=$(echo "${DISK_SIZE_IN_SECTORS}" | awk '{printf "%.0f\n",$1*512/1024/1024/1024}')
                INDEP_VMDKS="${DISK}###${DISK_SIZE}:${INDEP_VMDKS}"
            fi
        fi
    done
    IFS=${TMP_IFS}
    logger "debug" "getVMDKs() - ${VMDKS}"
}

dumpVMConfigurations() {
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VERSION = ${VERSION_STRING}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - GHETTOVCB_PID = ${GHETTOVCB_PID}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_VOLUME = ${VM_BACKUP_VOLUME}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS = ${ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS}"
    if [[ "${ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS}" -eq 1 ]]; then
        logger "info" "CONFIG - UNMOUNT_NFS = ${UNMOUNT_NFS}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - NFS_SERVER = ${NFS_SERVER}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - NFS_VERSION = ${NFS_VERSION}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - NFS_MOUNT = ${NFS_MOUNT}"
    fi
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT = ${VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION = ${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT = ${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP = ${POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF = ${ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN = ${ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT = ${POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT = ${SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - LOG_LEVEL = ${LOG_LEVEL}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - BACKUP_LOG_OUTPUT = ${LOG_OUTPUT}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - ENABLE_COMPRESSION = ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY = ${VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE = ${VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP = ${ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP = ${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER = ${VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - VM_STARTUP_ORDER = ${VM_STARTUP_ORDER}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - RSYNC_LINK = ${RSYNC_LINK}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD = ${BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD}"
    logger "info" "CONFIG - EMAIL_LOG = ${EMAIL_LOG}"
    if [[ "${EMAIL_LOG}" -eq 1 ]]; then
        logger "info" "CONFIG - EMAIL_SERVER = ${EMAIL_SERVER}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - EMAIL_SERVER_PORT = ${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL = ${EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - EMAIL_FROM = ${EMAIL_FROM}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - EMAIL_TO = ${EMAIL_TO}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - WORKDIR_DEBUG = ${WORKDIR_DEBUG}"
    fi
    if [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
        logger "info" "CONFIG - ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK = ${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - NFS_IO HACK_LOOP_MAX = ${NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - NFS_IO HACK_SLEEP_TIMER = ${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER}"
        logger "info" "CONFIG - NFS_BACKUP_DELAY = ${NFS_BACKUP_DELAY}"
    else
        logger "info" "CONFIG - ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK = ${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}"
    fi
}

# Added the function below to allow reuse of the basics of the original hack in more places in the script.
# Rewrote the code to reduce the calls to the NAS when it slows.  Why make a bad situation worse with extra calls? 
NfsIoHack() {
    # NFS I/O error handling hack
    NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER=0
    NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS=0
    NFS_IO_HACK_FILECHECK="$BACKUP_DIR_PATH/nfs_io.check"

    while [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS}" -eq 0 ]] && [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER}" -lt "${NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX}" ]]; do
        touch "${NFS_IO_HACK_FILECHECK}"
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] ; then
            sleep "${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER}"
            NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER=$((NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER+1))
        fi
        [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS=1
    done

    NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME=$((NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER*NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER))

    rm -rf "${NFS_IO_HACK_FILECHECK}"

    if [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME}" -ne 0 ]] ; then
        if [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
            logger "info" "Slept ${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME} seconds to work around NFS I/O error"
        else
            logger "info" "Slept ${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME} seconds but failed work around for NFS I/O error"
        fi
    fi
}

# Converted the section of code below to a function to be able to call it when a failed backup occurs.
Get_Final_Status_Sendemail() {
    getFinalStatus

    logger "debug" "Succesfully removed lock directory - ${WORKDIR}\n"
    logger "info" "============================== ghettoVCB LOG END ================================\n"

    sendMail
}

indexedRotate() {
    local BACKUP_DIR_PATH="$1"
    local VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR="$2"

    #default rotation if variable is not defined
    if [[ -z ${VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT} ]]; then
        VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT=1
    fi

    #LIST_BACKUPS=$(ls -t "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}" | grep "${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-[0-9]*")
    i=${VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT}
    while [[ $i -ge 0 ]]; do
        if [[ -f "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz" ]]; then
            if [[ $i -eq $((VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT-1)) ]]; then
                rm -f "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz"
                # Added the NFS_IO_HACK check and function call here.  Some NAS devices slow at this step.
                if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]  && [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
                    NfsIoHack
                fi
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    logger "info" "Deleted ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz"
                else
                    logger "info" "Failure deleting ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz"
                fi
            else
                mv -f "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz" "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$((i+1)).gz"
                # Added the NFS_IO_HACK check and function call here.  Some NAS devices slow at this step.
                if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]  && [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
                    NfsIoHack
                fi
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    logger "info" "Moved ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz to ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$((i+1)).gz"
                else
                    logger "info" "Failure moving ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i.gz to ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$((i+1)).gz"
                fi
            fi
        fi
        if [[ -d "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i" ]]; then
            if [[ $i -eq $((VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT-1)) ]]; then
                rm -rf "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i"
                # Added the NFS_IO_HACK check and function call here.  Some NAS devices slow at this step.
                if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]  && [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
                    NfsIoHack
                fi
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    logger "info" "Deleted ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i"
                else
                    logger "info" "Failure deleting ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i"
                fi
            else
                mv -f "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i" "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$((i+1))"
                # Added the NFS_IO_HACK check and function call here.  Some NAS devices slow at this step.
                if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]  && [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
                    NfsIoHack
                fi
                if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                    logger "info" "Moved ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i to ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$((i+1))"
                else
                    logger "info" "Failure moving ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i to ${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$((i+1))"
                fi
                if [[ $i -eq 0 ]]; then
                    mkdir "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}/${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-$i"
                fi
            fi
        fi

        i=$((i-1))
    done
}

checkVMBackupRotation() {
    local BACKUP_DIR_PATH="$1"
    local VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR="$2"

    #default rotation if variable is not defined
    if [[ -z ${VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT} ]]; then
        VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT=1
    fi

    LIST_BACKUPS=$(ls -t "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}" | grep "${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-[0-9]\{4\}-[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}_[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}")
    BACKUPS_TO_KEEP=$(ls -t "${BACKUP_DIR_PATH}" | grep "${VM_TO_SEARCH_FOR}-[0-9]\{4\}-[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}_[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}" | head -"${VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT}")

    ORIG_IFS=${IFS}
    IFS='
'
    for i in ${LIST_BACKUPS}; do
        FOUND=0
        for j in ${BACKUPS_TO_KEEP}; do
            [[ $i == $j ]] && FOUND=1
        done

        if [[ $FOUND -eq 0 ]]; then
            logger "debug" "Removing $BACKUP_DIR_PATH/$i"
            rm -rf "$BACKUP_DIR_PATH/$i"
	    RETVAL=$?

            # Added the NFS_IO_HACK check and function call here.  Also set the script to function the same, if the new feature is turned off.
            # Added variables to the code to control the timers and loops.
            # This code could be optimized based on the work in the NFS_IO_HACK function or that code could be used all the time with a few minor changes.
            if [[ $RETVAL -ne 0 ]] && [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then 
                NfsIoHack
            else
                #NFS I/O error handling hack
                if [[ $RETVAL -ne 0 ]] ; then
                  NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER=0
                  NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS=0
                  NFS_IO_HACK_FILECHECK="$BACKUP_DIR_PATH/nfs_io.check"

                  while [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS}" -eq 0 ]] && [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER}" -lt "${NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX}" ]]; do
                    sleep "${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER}"
                    NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER=$((NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER+1))
                    touch "${NFS_IO_HACK_FILECHECK}"

                    [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS=1
                  done

                  NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME=$((NFS_IO_HACK_COUNTER*NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER))

                  rm -rf "${NFS_IO_HACK_FILECHECK}"

                  if [[ "${NFS_IO_HACK_STATUS}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "Slept ${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME} seconds to work around NFS I/O error"
                  else
                    logger "info" "Slept ${NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIME} seconds but failed work around for NFS I/O error"
                  fi
                fi
            fi
        fi
    done
    IFS=${ORIG_IFS}
}

storageInfo() {
    SECTION=$1

    #SOURCE DATASTORE
    SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY=$($VMWARE_CMD hostsvc/datastore/info "${VMFS_VOLUME}" | grep -i "capacity" | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/,//g')
    SRC_DATASTORE_FREE=$($VMWARE_CMD hostsvc/datastore/info "${VMFS_VOLUME}" | grep -i "freespace" | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/,//g')
    SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE=$($VMWARE_CMD hostsvc/datastore/info "${VMFS_VOLUME}" | grep -i blockSizeMb | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/,//g')
    if [[ -z ${SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE} ]] ; then
        SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE="NA"
        SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="NA"
    else
        case ${SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE} in
            1)SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="256 GB";;
            2)SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="512 GB";;
            4)SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="1024 GB";;
            8)SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="2048 GB";;
        esac
    fi
    SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY_GB=$(echo "${SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY}" | awk '{printf "%.1f\n",$1/1024/1024/1024}')
    SRC_DATASTORE_FREE_GB=$(echo "${SRC_DATASTORE_FREE}" | awk '{printf "%.1f\n",$1/1024/1024/1024}')

    #DESTINATION DATASTORE
    DST_VOL_1=$(echo "${VM_BACKUP_VOLUME#/*/*/}")
    DST_DATASTORE=$(echo "${DST_VOL_1%%/*}")
    DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY=$($VMWARE_CMD hostsvc/datastore/info "${DST_DATASTORE}" | grep -i "capacity" | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/,//g')
    DST_DATASTORE_FREE=$($VMWARE_CMD hostsvc/datastore/info "${DST_DATASTORE}" | grep -i "freespace" | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/,//g')
    DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE=$($VMWARE_CMD hostsvc/datastore/info "${DST_DATASTORE}" | grep -i blockSizeMb | awk '{print $3}' | sed 's/,//g')

    if [[ -z ${DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE} ]] ; then
        DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE="NA"
        DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="NA"
    else
        case ${DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE} in
            1)DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="256 GB";;
            2)DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="512 GB";;
            4)DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="1024 GB";;
            8)DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE="2048 GB";;
        esac
    fi

    DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY_GB=$(echo "${DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY}" | awk '{printf "%.1f\n",$1/1024/1024/1024}')
    DST_DATASTORE_FREE_GB=$(echo "${DST_DATASTORE_FREE}" | awk '{printf "%.1f\n",$1/1024/1024/1024}')

    logger "debug" "Storage Information ${SECTION} backup: "
    logger "debug" "SRC_DATASTORE: ${VMFS_VOLUME}"
    logger "debug" "SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY: ${SRC_DATASTORE_CAPACITY_GB} GB"
    logger "debug" "SRC_DATASTORE_FREE: ${SRC_DATASTORE_FREE_GB} GB"
    logger "debug" "SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE: ${SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}"
    logger "debug" "SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE: ${SRC_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE}"
    logger "debug" ""
    logger "debug" "DST_DATASTORE: ${DST_DATASTORE}"
    logger "debug" "DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY: ${DST_DATASTORE_CAPACITY_GB} GB"
    logger "debug" "DST_DATASTORE_FREE: ${DST_DATASTORE_FREE_GB} GB"
    logger "debug" "DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE: ${DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}"
    logger "debug" "DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE: ${DST_DATASTORE_MAX_FILE_SIZE}"
    if [[ "${SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}" != "NA" ]] && [[ "${DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}" != "NA" ]]; then
        if [[ "${SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}" -lt "${DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}" ]]; then
            logger "debug" ""
            logger "debug" "SRC VMFS blocksze of ${SRC_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}MB is less than DST VMFS blocksize of ${DST_DATASTORE_BLOCKSIZE}MB which can be an issue for VM snapshots"
        fi
    fi

logger "debug" ""
}

powerOff() {
    VM_NAME="$1"
    VM_ID="$2"
    POWER_OFF_EC=0

    START_ITERATION=0
    logger "info" "Powering off initiated for ${VM_NAME}, backup will not begin until VM is off..."

    ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/power.shutdown ${VM_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
    while ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/power.getstate ${VM_ID} | grep -i "Powered on" > /dev/null 2>&1; do
        #enable hard power off code
        if [[ ${ENABLE_HARD_POWER_OFF} -eq 1 ]] ; then
            if [[ ${START_ITERATION} -ge ${ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN} ]] ; then
                logger "info" "Hard power off occured for ${VM_NAME}, waited for $((ITER_TO_WAIT_SHUTDOWN*60)) seconds"
                ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/power.off ${VM_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
                #this is needed for ESXi, even the hard power off did not take affect right away
                sleep 60
                break
            fi
        fi

        logger "info" "VM is still on - Iteration: ${START_ITERATION} - sleeping for 60secs (Duration: $((START_ITERATION*60)) seconds)"
        sleep 60

        #logic to not backup this VM if unable to shutdown
        #after certain timeout period
        if [[ ${START_ITERATION} -ge ${POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT} ]] ; then
            logger "info" "Unable to power off ${VM_NAME}, waited for $((POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT*60)) seconds! Ignoring ${VM_NAME} for backup!"
            POWER_OFF_EC=1
            break
        fi
        START_ITERATION=$((START_ITERATION + 1))
    done
    if [[ ${POWER_OFF_EC} -eq 0 ]] ; then
        logger "info" "VM is powerdOff"
    fi
}

powerOn() {
    VM_NAME="$1"
    VM_ID="$2"
    POWER_ON_EC=0

    START_ITERATION=0
    logger "info" "Powering on initiated for ${VM_NAME}"

    ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/power.on ${VM_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
    while ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/get.guest ${VM_ID} | grep -i "toolsNotRunning" > /dev/null 2>&1; do
        logger "info" "VM is still not booted - Iteration: ${START_ITERATION} - sleeping for 60secs (Duration: $((START_ITERATION*60)) seconds)"
        sleep 60

        #logic to not backup this VM if unable to shutdown
        #after certain timeout period
        if [[ ${START_ITERATION} -ge ${POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT} ]] ; then
            logger "info" "Unable to detect started tools on ${VM_NAME}, waited for $((POWER_DOWN_TIMEOUT*60)) seconds!"
            POWER_ON_EC=1
            break
        fi
        START_ITERATION=$((START_ITERATION + 1))
    done
    if [[ ${POWER_ON_EC} -eq 0 ]] ; then
        logger "info" "VM is powerdOn"
    fi
}

ghettoVCB() {
    VM_INPUT=$1
    VM_OK=0
    VM_FAILED=0
    VMDK_FAILED=0
    PROBLEM_VMS=

    dumpHostInfo

    if [[ ${ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS} -eq 1 ]] ; then
        VM_BACKUP_VOLUME="/vmfs/volumes/${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}/${NFS_VM_BACKUP_DIR}"
        if [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" !=  "dryrun" ]] ; then
            #1 = readonly
            #0 = readwrite
            logger "debug" "Mounting NFS: ${NFS_SERVER}:${NFS_MOUNT} to /vmfs/volume/${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}"
        if [[ ${ESX_RELEASE} != "3i" ]] || [[ ${ESX_RELEASE} != "3.5.0" || ${ESX_RELEASE} != "4.0.0" || ${ESX_RELEASE} != "4.1.0" || ${ESX_RELEASE} != "5.0.0" || ${ESX_RELEASE} != "5.1.0" ]] ; then
                ${VMWARE_CMD} hostsvc/datastore/nas_create "${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}" "${NFS_VERSION}" "${NFS_MOUNT}" 0 "${NFS_SERVER}"
            else
                ${VMWARE_CMD} hostsvc/datastore/nas_create "${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}" "${NFS_SERVER}" "${NFS_MOUNT}" 0
            fi
	fi
    fi

    captureDefaultConfigurations

    if [[ "${USE_GLOBAL_CONF}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
        logger "info" "CONFIG - USING GLOBAL GHETTOVCB CONFIGURATION FILE = ${GLOBAL_CONF}"
    fi

    if [[ "${USE_VM_CONF}" -eq 0 ]] ; then
        dumpVMConfigurations
    fi

    #dump out all virtual machines allowing for spaces now
    ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/getallvms | sed 's/[[:blank:]]\{3,\}/   /g' | fgrep "[" | fgrep "vmx-" | fgrep ".vmx" | fgrep "/" | awk -F'   ' '{print "\""$1"\";\""$2"\";\""$3"\""}' |  sed 's/\] /\]\";\"/g' > ${WORKDIR}/vms_list

    if [[ "${BACKUP_ALL_VMS}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
        ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/getallvms | sed 's/[[:blank:]]\{3,\}/   /g' | fgrep "[" | fgrep "vmx-" | fgrep ".vmx" | fgrep "/" | awk -F'   ' '{print ""$2""}' | sed '/^$/d' > "${VM_INPUT}"
    fi

    ORIG_IFS=${IFS}
    IFS='
'
    if [[ ${#VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER} -gt 0 ]] && [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" != "dryrun" ]]; then
        logger "debug" "VM Shutdown Order: ${VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER}\n"
        IFS2="${IFS}"
        IFS=","
        for VM_NAME in ${VM_SHUTDOWN_ORDER}; do
            VM_ID=$(grep -E "\"${VM_NAME}\"" ${WORKDIR}/vms_list | awk -F ";" '{print $1}' | sed 's/"//g')
            powerOff "${VM_NAME}" "${VM_ID}"
            if [[ ${POWER_OFF_EC} -eq 1 ]]; then
                logger "debug" "Error unable to shutdown VM ${VM_NAME}\n"
                PROBLEM_VMS="${PROBLEM_VMS} ${VM_NAME}"
            fi
        done

        IFS="${IFS2}"
    fi

    for VM_NAME in $(cat "${VM_INPUT}" | grep -v "^#" | sed '/^$/d' | sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//;s/[[:blank:]]*$//'); do
        IGNORE_VM=0
        if [[ "${EXCLUDE_SOME_VMS}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
            grep -E "^${VM_NAME}\$" "${VM_EXCLUSION_FILE}" > /dev/null 2>&1
            if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] ; then
                IGNORE_VM=1
                #VM_FAILED=0   #Excluded VM is NOT a failure. No need to set here, but listed for clarity
            fi
        fi

        if [[ "${IGNORE_VM}" -eq 0 ]] && [[ -n "${PROBLEM_VMS}" ]] ; then
            if [[ "$(echo $PROBLEM_VMS | sed "s@$VM_NAME@@")" != "$PROBLEM_VMS" ]] ; then
                logger "info" "Ignoring ${VM_NAME} as a problem VM\n"
                IGNORE_VM=1
                #A VM ignored due to a problem, should be treated as a failure
                VM_FAILED=1
            fi
        fi

        VM_ID=$(grep -E "\"${VM_NAME}\"" ${WORKDIR}/vms_list | awk -F ";" '{print $1}' | sed 's/"//g')

        #ensure default value if one is not selected or variable is null
        if [[ -z ${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION} ]] ; then
            VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION="$(date +%F_%k-%M-%S)"
        fi

        if [[ "${USE_VM_CONF}" -eq 1 ]] && [[ ! -z ${VM_ID} ]]; then
            reConfigureBackupParam "${VM_NAME}"
            dumpVMConfigurations
        fi

        VMFS_VOLUME=$(grep -E "\"${VM_NAME}\"" ${WORKDIR}/vms_list | awk -F ";" '{print $3}' | sed 's/\[//;s/\]//;s/"//g')
        VMX_CONF=$(grep -E "\"${VM_NAME}\"" ${WORKDIR}/vms_list | awk -F ";" '{print $4}' | sed 's/\[//;s/\]//;s/"//g')
        VMX_PATH="/vmfs/volumes/${VMFS_VOLUME}/${VMX_CONF}"
        VMX_DIR=$(dirname "${VMX_PATH}")

        #storage info
        if [[ ! -z ${VM_ID} ]] && [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" != "dryrun" ]]; then
            storageInfo "before"
        fi

        #ignore VM as it's in the exclusion list or was on problem list
        if [[ "${IGNORE_VM}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
            logger "debug" "Ignoring ${VM_NAME} for backup since it is located in exclusion file or problem list\n"
        #checks to see if we can pull out the VM_ID
        elif [[ -z ${VM_ID} ]] ; then
            logger "info" "ERROR: failed to locate and extract VM_ID for ${VM_NAME}!\n"
            VM_FAILED=1

        elif [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" == "dryrun" ]] ; then
            logger "dryrun" "###############################################"
            logger "dryrun" "Virtual Machine: $VM_NAME"
            logger "dryrun" "VM_ID: $VM_ID"
            logger "dryrun" "VMX_PATH: $VMX_PATH"
            logger "dryrun" "VMX_DIR: $VMX_DIR"
            logger "dryrun" "VMX_CONF: $VMX_CONF"
            logger "dryrun" "VMFS_VOLUME: $VMFS_VOLUME"
            logger "dryrun" "VMDK(s): "

            TOTAL_VM_SIZE=0
            getVMDKs

            OLD_IFS="${IFS}"
            IFS=":"
            for j in ${VMDKS}; do
                J_VMDK=$(echo "${j}" | awk -F "###" '{print $1}')
                J_VMDK_SIZE=$(echo "${j}" | awk -F "###" '{print $2}')
                logger "dryrun" "\t${J_VMDK}\t${J_VMDK_SIZE} GB"
            done

            HAS_INDEPENDENT_DISKS=0
            logger "dryrun" "INDEPENDENT VMDK(s): "
            for k in ${INDEP_VMDKS}; do
                HAS_INDEPENDENT_DISKS=1
                K_VMDK=$(echo "${k}" | awk -F "###" '{print $1}')
                K_VMDK_SIZE=$(echo "${k}" | awk -F "###" '{print $2}')
                logger "dryrun" "\t${K_VMDK}\t${K_VMDK_SIZE} GB"
            done

            IFS="${OLD_IFS}"
            VMDKS=""
            INDEP_VMDKS=""

            logger "dryrun" "TOTAL_VM_SIZE_TO_BACKUP: ${TOTAL_VM_SIZE} GB"
            if [[ ${HAS_INDEPENDENT_DISKS} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                logger "dryrun" "Snapshots can not be taken for independent disks!"
                logger "dryrun" "THIS VIRTUAL MACHINE WILL NOT HAVE ALL ITS VMDKS BACKED UP!"
            fi

            ls "${VMX_DIR}" | grep -q "\-delta\.vmdk" > /dev/null 2>&1;
            if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
                if [ ${ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP} -eq 0 ]; then
                    logger "dryrun" "Snapshots found for this VM, please commit all snapshots before continuing!"
                    logger "dryrun" "THIS VIRTUAL MACHINE WILL NOT BE BACKED UP DUE TO EXISTING SNAPSHOTS!"
                else
                    logger "dryrun" "Snapshots found for this VM, ALL EXISTING SNAPSHOTS WILL BE CONSOLIDATED PRIOR TO BACKUP!"
                fi
            fi

            if [[ ${TOTAL_VM_SIZE} -eq 0 ]] ; then
                logger "dryrun" "THIS VIRTUAL MACHINE WILL NOT BE BACKED UP DUE TO EMPTY VMDK LIST!"
            fi
            logger "dryrun" "###############################################\n"

        #checks to see if the VM has any snapshots to start with
        elif [[ -f "${VMX_PATH}" ]] && [[ ! -z "${VMX_PATH}" ]]; then
            if ls "${VMX_DIR}" | grep -q "\-delta\.vmdk" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
                if [ ${ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP} -eq 0 ]; then
                    logger "info" "Snapshot found for ${VM_NAME}, backup will not take place\n"
                    VM_FAILED=1
                    continue
                elif [ ${ALLOW_VMS_WITH_SNAPSHOTS_TO_BE_BACKEDUP} -eq 1 ]; then
                    logger "info" "Snapshot found for ${VM_NAME}, consolidating ALL snapshots now (this can take awhile) ...\n"
                    $VMWARE_CMD vmsvc/snapshot.removeall ${VM_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
                fi
            fi
    	    #nfs case and backup to root path of your NFS mount
            if [[ ${ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                BACKUP_DIR="/vmfs/volumes/${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}/${NFS_VM_BACKUP_DIR}/${VM_NAME}"
                if [[ -z "${VM_NAME}" ]] || [[ -z "${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}" ]] || [[ -z "${NFS_VM_BACKUP_DIR}" ]]; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Variable BACKUP_DIR was not set properly, please ensure all required variables for non-persistent NFS backup option has been defined"
                    exit 1
                fi

                #non-nfs (SAN,LOCAL)
            else
                BACKUP_DIR="${VM_BACKUP_VOLUME}/${VM_NAME}"
                if [[ -z "${VM_BACKUP_VOLUME}" ]]; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Variable VM_BACKUP_VOLUME was not defined"
                    exit 1
                fi
            fi

            #initial root VM backup directory
            if [[ ! -d "${BACKUP_DIR}" ]] ; then
                mkdir -p "${BACKUP_DIR}"
                if [[ ! -d "${BACKUP_DIR}" ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "Unable to create \"${BACKUP_DIR}\"! - Ensure VM_BACKUP_VOLUME was defined correctly"
                    exit 1
                fi
            fi

            # directory name of the individual Virtual Machine backup followed by naming convention followed by count
            VM_BACKUP_DIR="${BACKUP_DIR}/${VM_NAME}-${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION}"

            # Rsync relative path variable if needed
            RSYNC_LINK_DIR="./${VM_NAME}-${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION}"

            # Do indexed rotation if naming convention is set for it
            if [[ ${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION} = "0" ]]; then
                indexedRotate "${BACKUP_DIR}" "${VM_NAME}"
            fi

            mkdir -p "${VM_BACKUP_DIR}"

            cp "${VMX_PATH}" "${VM_BACKUP_DIR}"

            # Retrieve nvram file from VMX and back up
            VM_NVRAM_FILE=$(grep "nvram" "${VMX_PATH}" | awk -F "\"" '{print $2}')
            VM_NVRAM_PATH="${VMX_DIR}/${VM_NVRAM_FILE}"

            if [ -e ${VM_NVRAM_PATH} ]; then
                cp "${VM_NVRAM_PATH}" "${VM_BACKUP_DIR}"
            fi

            #new variable to keep track on whether VM has independent disks
            VM_HAS_INDEPENDENT_DISKS=0

            #extract all valid VMDK(s) from VM
            getVMDKs

            CONTINUE_TO_BACKUP=1
            VM_VMDK_FAILED=0

            if [[ ${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP} != "all" ]]; then
            # check if requested VMDKs exist at all
                OLD_IFS="${IFS}"
                IFS=","
                VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP_NEW=""
                for k in ${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP}; do
                    # this list is comma separated: "DISK1,DISK2,..."
                    VMDK_FILE_TO_BACKUP=$(echo "${k}" | sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//;s/[[:blank:]]*$//')
                    OLD_IFS2="${IFS}"
                    IFS=":"
                    VMDK_FOUND=0
                    for j in ${VMDKS}; do
                        # this list is colon separated: "${DISK}###${DISK_SIZE}:${VMDKS}"
                        VMDK=$(echo "${j}" | awk -F "###" '{print $1}')
                        if [[ "${VMDK_FILE_TO_BACKUP}" == "${VMDK}" ]]; then
                            VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP_NEW="${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP_NEW},${VMDK_FILE_TO_BACKUP}"
                            VMDK_FOUND=1
                            break
                        fi
                    done
                    IFS="${OLD_IFS2}"
                    if [[ "${VMDK_FOUND}" -ne 1 ]]; then
                    	logger "info" "WARNING: ${VMDK_FILE_TO_BACKUP} not found in VMDKs for ${VM_NAME}"
                    	VM_VMDK_FAILED=1
                    	break
                    fi
                done
                IFS="${OLD_IFS}"
                if [ -z "${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP_NEW}" ]; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: No valid VMDKs in list of VMDKs to backup for ${VM_NAME}"
                    VM_FAILED=1
                    CONTINUE_TO_BACKUP=0
                else
                    VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP="${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP_NEW}"
                fi
            fi

            if [[ ! -z ${INDEP_VMDKS} ]] ; then
                VM_HAS_INDEPENDENT_DISKS=1
            fi

            ORGINAL_VM_POWER_STATE=$(${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/power.getstate ${VM_ID} | tail -1)

            #section that will power down a VM prior to taking a snapshot and backup and power it back on
            if [[ ${CONTINUE_TO_BACKUP} -eq 1 ]] && [[ ${POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                powerOff "${VM_NAME}" "${VM_ID}"
                if [[ ${POWER_OFF_EC} -eq 1 ]]; then
                    VM_FAILED=1
                    CONTINUE_TO_BACKUP=0
                fi
            fi

            if [[ ${CONTINUE_TO_BACKUP} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                logger "info" "Initiate backup for ${VM_NAME}"
                startTimer

                SNAP_SUCCESS=1

                #powered on VMs only
                if [[ ! ${POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP} -eq 1 ]] && [[ "${ORGINAL_VM_POWER_STATE}" != "Powered off" ]]; then
                    SNAPSHOT_NAME="ghettoVCB-snapshot-$(date +%F)"
                    logger "info" "Creating Snapshot \"${SNAPSHOT_NAME}\" for ${VM_NAME}"
                    ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/snapshot.create ${VM_ID} "${SNAPSHOT_NAME}" "${SNAPSHOT_NAME}" "${VM_SNAPSHOT_MEMORY}" "${VM_SNAPSHOT_QUIESCE}" > /dev/null 2>&1

                    logger "debug" "Waiting for snapshot \"${SNAPSHOT_NAME}\" to be created"
                    logger "debug" "Snapshot timeout set to: $((SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT*60)) seconds"
                    START_ITERATION=0
                    while [[ $(${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/snapshot.get ${VM_ID} | wc -l) -eq 1 ]]; do
                        if [[ ${START_ITERATION} -ge ${SNAPSHOT_TIMEOUT} ]] ; then
                            logger "info" "Snapshot timed out, failed to create snapshot: \"${SNAPSHOT_NAME}\" for ${VM_NAME}"
                            SNAP_SUCCESS=0
                            echo "ERROR: Unable to backup ${VM_NAME} due to snapshot creation" >> ${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/STATUS.error
                            break
                        fi

                        logger "debug" "Waiting for snapshot creation to be completed - Iteration: ${START_ITERATION} - sleeping for 60secs (Duration: $((START_ITERATION*30)) seconds)"
                        sleep 60

                        START_ITERATION=$((START_ITERATION + 1))
                    done
                fi

                if [[ ${SNAP_SUCCESS} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                    OLD_IFS="${IFS}"
                    IFS=":"
                    for j in ${VMDKS}; do
                        VMDK=$(echo "${j}" | awk -F "###" '{print $1}')
                        isVMDKFound=0

                        findVMDK "${VMDK}"

                        if [[ $isVMDKFound -eq 1 ]] || [[ "${VMDK_FILES_TO_BACKUP}" == "all" ]]; then
                            #added this section to handle VMDK(s) stored in different datastore than the VM
                            echo ${VMDK} | grep "^/vmfs/volumes" > /dev/null 2>&1
                            if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] ; then
                                SOURCE_VMDK="${VMDK}"
                                DS_UUID="$(echo ${VMDK#/vmfs/volumes/*})"
                                DS_UUID="$(echo ${DS_UUID%/*/*})"
                                VMDK_DISK="$(echo ${VMDK##/*/})"
                                mkdir -p "${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/${DS_UUID}"
                                DESTINATION_VMDK="${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/${DS_UUID}/${VMDK_DISK}"
                            else
                                SOURCE_VMDK="${VMX_DIR}/${VMDK}"
                                DESTINATION_VMDK="${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/${VMDK}"
                            fi

                            #support for vRDM and deny pRDM
                            grep "vmfsPassthroughRawDeviceMap" "${SOURCE_VMDK}" > /dev/null 2>&1
                            if [[ $? -eq 1 ]] ; then
                                FORMAT_OPTION="UNKNOWN"
                                if [[ "${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}" == "zeroedthick" ]] ; then
                                    if [[ "${VER}" == "4" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "5" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "6" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "7" ]] ; then
                                        FORMAT_OPTION="zeroedthick"
                                    else
                                        FORMAT_OPTION=""
                                    fi
                                elif [[ "${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}" == "2gbsparse" ]] ; then
                                    FORMAT_OPTION="-d 2gbsparse"
                                elif [[ "${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}" == "thin" ]] ; then
                                    FORMAT_OPTION="-d thin"
                                elif [[ "${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}" == "eagerzeroedthick" ]] ; then
                                    if [[ "${VER}" == "4" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "5" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "6" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "7" ]]; then
                                        FORMAT_OPTION="-d eagerzeroedthick"
                                    else
                                        FORMAT_OPTION=""
                                    fi
                                fi

                                if  [[ "${FORMAT_OPTION}" == "UNKNOWN" ]] ; then
                                    logger "info" "ERROR: wrong DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT \"${DISK_BACKUP_FORMAT}\ specified for ${VM_NAME}"
                                    VM_VMDK_FAILED=1
                                else
                                    VMDK_OUTPUT=$(mktemp ${WORKDIR}/ghettovcb.XXXXXX)
                                    tail -f "${VMDK_OUTPUT}" &
                                    TAIL_PID=$!

                                    [[ -z "$ADAPTERTYPE_DEPRECATED" ]] && ADAPTER_FORMAT=$(grep -i "ddb.adapterType" "${SOURCE_VMDK}" | awk -F "=" '{print $2}' | sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//;s/[[:blank:]]*$//;s/"//g')
                                    [[ -n "${ADAPTER_FORMAT}" ]] && ADAPTER_FORMAT="-a ${ADAPTER_FORMAT}"

                                    logger "debug" "${VMKFSTOOLS_CMD} -i \"${SOURCE_VMDK}\" ${ADAPTER_FORMAT} ${FORMAT_OPTION} \"${DESTINATION_VMDK}\""
                                    eval ${VMKFSTOOLS_CMD} -i '"${SOURCE_VMDK}"' ${ADAPTER_FORMAT} ${FORMAT_OPTION} '"${DESTINATION_VMDK}"' > "${VMDK_OUTPUT}" 2>&1

                                    VMDK_EXIT_CODE=$?
                                    kill "${TAIL_PID}"
                                    cat "${VMDK_OUTPUT}" >> "${REDIRECT}"
                                    echo >> "${REDIRECT}"
                                    echo
                                    rm "${VMDK_OUTPUT}"

                                    if [[ "${VMDK_EXIT_CODE}" != 0 ]] ; then
                                        logger "info" "ERROR: error in backing up of \"${SOURCE_VMDK}\" for ${VM_NAME}"
                                        VM_VMDK_FAILED=1
                                    fi
                                fi
                            else
                                logger "info" "WARNING: A physical RDM \"${SOURCE_VMDK}\" was found for ${VM_NAME}, which will not be backed up"
                                VM_VMDK_FAILED=1
                            fi
                        fi
                    done
                    IFS="${OLD_IFS}"
                fi

                #powered on VMs only w/snapshots
                if [[ ${SNAP_SUCCESS} -eq 1 ]] && [[ ! ${POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP} -eq 1 ]] && [[ "${ORGINAL_VM_POWER_STATE}" == "Powered on" ]] || [[ "${ORGINAL_VM_POWER_STATE}" == "Suspended" ]]; then
                    if [[ "${NEW_VIMCMD_SNAPSHOT}" == "yes" ]] ; then
                        SNAPSHOT_ID=$(${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/snapshot.get ${VM_ID} | grep -E '(Snapshot Name|Snapshot Id)' | grep -A1 ${SNAPSHOT_NAME} | grep "Snapshot Id" | awk -F ":" '{print $2}' | sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//;s/[[:blank:]]*$//')
                        ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/snapshot.remove ${VM_ID} ${SNAPSHOT_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
                    else
                        ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/snapshot.remove ${VM_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
                    fi

                    #do not continue until all snapshots have been committed
                    logger "info" "Removing snapshot from ${VM_NAME} ..."
                    while ls "${VMX_DIR}" | grep -q "\-delta\.vmdk"; do
                        sleep 5
                    done
                fi

                if [[ ${POWER_VM_DOWN_BEFORE_BACKUP} -eq 1 ]] && [[ "${ORGINAL_VM_POWER_STATE}" == "Powered on" ]]; then
                    #power on vm that was powered off prior to backup
                    logger "info" "Powering back on ${VM_NAME}"
                    ${VMWARE_CMD} vmsvc/power.on ${VM_ID} > /dev/null 2>&1
                fi

                TMP_IFS=${IFS}
                IFS=${ORIG_IFS}
                if [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                    COMPRESSED_ARCHIVE_FILE="${BACKUP_DIR}/${VM_NAME}-${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION}.gz"

                    logger "info" "Compressing VM backup \"${COMPRESSED_ARCHIVE_FILE}\"..."
                    ${TAR} -cz -C "${BACKUP_DIR}" "${VM_NAME}-${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION}" -f "${COMPRESSED_ARCHIVE_FILE}"

                    # verify compression
                    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && [[ -f "${COMPRESSED_ARCHIVE_FILE}" ]]; then
                        logger "info" "Successfully compressed backup for ${VM_NAME}!\n"
                        COMPRESSED_OK=1
                    else
                        logger "info" "Error in compressing ${VM_NAME}!\n"
                        COMPRESSED_OK=0
                    fi
                    rm -rf "${VM_BACKUP_DIR}"
                    checkVMBackupRotation "${BACKUP_DIR}" "${VM_NAME}"
                else
                    checkVMBackupRotation "${BACKUP_DIR}" "${VM_NAME}"
                fi
                IFS=${TMP_IFS}
                VMDKS=""
                INDEP_VMDKS=""

                endTimer
                if [[ ${SNAP_SUCCESS} -ne 1 ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Unable to backup ${VM_NAME} due to snapshot creation!\n"
                    [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]] && [[ $COMPRESSED_OK -eq 1 ]] || echo "ERROR: Unable to backup ${VM_NAME} due to snapshot creation" >> ${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/STATUS.error
                    VM_FAILED=1
                elif [[ ${VM_VMDK_FAILED} -ne 0 ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Unable to backup ${VM_NAME} due to error in VMDK backup!\n"
                    [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]] && [[ $COMPRESSED_OK -eq 1 ]] || echo "ERROR: Unable to backup ${VM_NAME} due to error in VMDK backup" >> ${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/STATUS.error
                    VMDK_FAILED=1
                elif [[ ${VM_HAS_INDEPENDENT_DISKS} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "WARN: ${VM_NAME} has some Independent VMDKs that can not be backed up!\n";
                    [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]] && [[ $COMPRESSED_OK -eq 1 ]] || echo "WARN: ${VM_NAME} has some Independent VMDKs that can not be backed up" > ${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/STATUS.warn
                    VMDK_FAILED=1

                    #create symlink for the very last backup to support rsync functionality for additinal replication
                    if [[ "${RSYNC_LINK}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
                        SYMLINK_DST=${VM_BACKUP_DIR}
                        if [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]]; then
                            SYMLINK_DST1="${RSYNC_LINK_DIR}.gz"
                        else
                            SYMLINK_DST1="${RSYNC_LINK_DIR}"
                        fi
                        SYMLINK_SRC="${BACKUP_DIR}/${VM_NAME}-symlink"
                        logger "info" "Creating symlink \"${SYMLINK_SRC}\" to \"${SYMLINK_DST1}\""
                        rm -f "${SYMLINK_SRC}"
                        ln -sfn "${SYMLINK_DST1}" "${SYMLINK_SRC}"
                    fi

                    #storage info after backup
                    storageInfo "after"
                else
                    logger "info" "Successfully completed backup for ${VM_NAME}!\n"
                    [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]] && [[ $COMPRESSED_OK -eq 1 ]] || echo "Successfully completed backup" > ${VM_BACKUP_DIR}/STATUS.ok
                    VM_OK=1

                    #create symlink for the very last backup to support rsync functionality for additinal replication
                    if [[ "${RSYNC_LINK}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
                        SYMLINK_DST=${VM_BACKUP_DIR}
                        if [[ ${ENABLE_COMPRESSION} -eq 1 ]] ; then
                            SYMLINK_DST1="${RSYNC_LINK_DIR}.gz"
                        else
                            SYMLINK_DST1="${RSYNC_LINK_DIR}"
                        fi
                        SYMLINK_SRC="${BACKUP_DIR}/${VM_NAME}-symlink"
                        logger "info" "Creating symlink \"${SYMLINK_SRC}\" to \"${SYMLINK_DST1}\""
                        rm -f "${SYMLINK_SRC}"
                        ln -sfn "${SYMLINK_DST1}" "${SYMLINK_SRC}"
                    fi

                    if [[ "${BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD}" != "" ]]
                    then
                        chmod -R "${BACKUP_FILES_CHMOD}" "${VM_BACKUP_DIR}"
                    fi

                    #storage info after backup
                    storageInfo "after"
                fi
            else
                if [[ ${CONTINUE_TO_BACKUP} -eq 0 ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Failed to backup ${VM_NAME}!\n"
                    VM_FAILED=1
                else
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Failed to lookup ${VM_NAME}!\n"
                    VM_FAILED=1
                fi
            fi
        fi

	# Added the NFS_IO_HACK check and function call here.  Some NAS devices slow during the write of the files.
	# Added the Brute-force delay in case it is needed.
	if [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 1 ]]; then
		NfsIoHack
		sleep "${NFS_BACKUP_DELAY}" 
	fi 
    done
    # UNTESTED CODE
    # Why is this outside of the main loop & it looks like checkVMBackupRotation() could be called twice?
    #if [[ -n ${ADDITIONAL_ROTATION_PATH} ]]; then
    #    for VM_NAME in $(cat "${VM_INPUT}" | grep -v "#" | sed '/^$/d' | sed -e 's/^[[:blank:]]*//;s/[[:blank:]]*$//'); do
    #        BACKUP_DIR="${ADDITIONAL_ROTATION_PATH}/${VM_NAME}"
    #        # Do indexed rotation if naming convention is set for it
    #        if [[ ${VM_BACKUP_DIR_NAMING_CONVENTION} = "0" ]]; then
    #            indexedRotate "${BACKUP_DIR}" "${VM_NAME}"
    #        else
    #            checkVMBackupRotation "${BACKUP_DIR}" "${VM_NAME}"
    #        fi
    #    done
    #fi
    unset IFS

    if [[ ${#VM_STARTUP_ORDER} -gt 0 ]] && [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" != "dryrun" ]]; then
        logger "debug" "VM Startup Order: ${VM_STARTUP_ORDER}\n"
        IFS=","
        for VM_NAME in ${VM_STARTUP_ORDER}; do
            VM_ID=$(grep -E "\"${VM_NAME}\"" ${WORKDIR}/vms_list | awk -F ";" '{print $1}' | sed 's/"//g')
            powerOn "${VM_NAME}" "${VM_ID}"
            if [[ ${POWER_ON_EC} -eq 1 ]]; then
                logger "info" "Unable to detect fully powered on VM ${VM_NAME}\n"
            fi
        done
        unset IFS
    fi

    if [[ ${ENABLE_NON_PERSISTENT_NFS} -eq 1 ]] && [[ ${UNMOUNT_NFS} -eq 1 ]] && [[ "${LOG_LEVEL}" != "dryrun" ]]; then
        logger "debug" "Sleeping for 30seconds before unmounting NFS volume"
        sleep 30
        ${VMWARE_CMD} hostsvc/datastore/destroy ${NFS_LOCAL_NAME}
    fi
}

getFinalStatus() {
    if [[ "${LOG_TYPE}" == "dryrun" ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: OK, only a dryrun. ######"
        LOG_STATUS="OK"
        EXIT=0
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 1 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 0 ]] && [[ $VMDK_FAILED == 0 ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: All VMs backed up OK! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="OK"
        EXIT=0
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 1 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 0 ]] && [[ $VMDK_FAILED == 1 ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: WARNING: All VMs backed up, but some disk(s) failed! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="WARNING"
        EXIT=3
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 1 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 1 ]] && [[ $VMDK_FAILED == 0 ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: ERROR: Only some of the VMs backed up! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="ERROR"
        EXIT=4
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 1 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 1 ]] && [[ $VMDK_FAILED == 1 ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: ERROR: Only some of the VMs backed up, and some disk(s) failed! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="ERROR"
        EXIT=5
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 0 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 1 ]]; then # $VMDK_FAILED doesn't matter in this case
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: ERROR: All VMs failed! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="ERROR"
        EXIT=6
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 0 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 0 ]] && [[ $VMDK_FAILED == 0 ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: ERROR: No VMs backed up! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="ERROR"
        EXIT=7
    elif [[ $VM_OK == 0 ]] && [[ $VM_FAILED == 0 ]] && [[ $VMDK_FAILED == 1 ]]; then
        FINAL_STATUS="###### Final status: ERROR: All VMs experienced at least a partial failure! ######"
        LOG_STATUS="ERROR"
        EXIT=8
    fi
    logger "debug" "VM_OK:${VM_OK}, VM_FAILED:${VM_FAILED}, VMDK_FAILED:${VMDK_FAILED}"
    logger "info" "$FINAL_STATUS\n"
}

buildHeaders() {
    EMAIL_ADDRESS=$1

    echo -ne "HELO $(hostname -s)\r\n" > "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    if [[ ! -z "${EMAIL_USER_NAME}" ]]; then
        echo -ne "EHLO $(hostname -s)\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
        echo -ne "AUTH LOGIN\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
        echo -ne "$(echo -n "${EMAIL_USER_NAME}" |openssl base64 2>&1 |tail -1)\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
        echo -ne "$(echo -n "${EMAIL_USER_PASSWORD}" |openssl base64 2>&1 |tail -1)\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    fi
    echo -ne "MAIL FROM: <${EMAIL_FROM}>\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "RCPT TO: <${EMAIL_ADDRESS}>\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "DATA\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "From: ${EMAIL_FROM}\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "To: ${EMAIL_ADDRESS}\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "Subject: ghettoVCB - $(hostname -s) ${JOBNAME} ${FINAL_STATUS}\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "Date: $( date +"%a, %d %b %Y %T %z" )\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "Message-Id: <$( date -u +%Y%m%d%H%M%S ).$( dd if=/dev/urandom bs=6 count=1 2>/dev/null | hexdump -e '/1 "%02X"' )@$( hostname -f )>\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -ne "XMailer: ghettoVCB ${VERSION_STRING}\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"
    echo -en "\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}"

    echo -en ".\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_OUTPUT}"
    echo -en "QUIT\r\n" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_OUTPUT}"

    cat "${EMAIL_LOG_HEADER}" > "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}"
    cat "${EMAIL_LOG_OUTPUT}" >> "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}"
}

sendDelay() {
    c=0
    while read L; do
    	[ $c -lt 4 ] && sleep ${EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL}
    	c=$((c+1))
    	echo $L
    done
}

sendMail() {
    SMTP=0
    #close email message
    if [[ "${EMAIL_LOG}" -eq 1 ]] || [[ "${EMAIL_ALERT}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
        SMTP=1
        #validate firewall has email port open for ESXi 5
        if [[ "${VER}" == "5" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "6" ]] || [[ "${VER}" == "7" ]]; then
            /sbin/esxcli network firewall ruleset rule list | awk -F'[ ]{2,}' '{print $5}' | grep "^${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}$" > /dev/null 2>&1
            if [[ $? -eq 1 ]] ; then
                logger "info" "ERROR: Please enable firewall rule for email traffic on port ${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}\n"
                logger "info" "Please refer to ghettoVCB documentation for ESXi 5 firewall configuration\n"
                SMTP=0
            fi
        fi
    fi

    if [[ "${SMTP}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
        if [ "${EXIT}" -ne 0 ] && [ "${LOG_STATUS}" = "OK" ] ; then
            LOG_STATUS="ERROR"
        #    for i in ${EMAIL_TO}; do
        #        buildHeaders ${i}
        #        cat "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}" | sendDelay| "${NC_BIN}" "${EMAIL_SERVER}" "${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
        #        #"${NC_BIN}" -i "${EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL}" "${EMAIL_SERVER}" "${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}" < "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
        #        if [[ $? -eq 1 ]] ; then
        #            logger "info" "ERROR: Failed to email log output to ${EMAIL_SERVER}:${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT} to ${EMAIL_TO}\n"
        #        fi
        #    done
        fi


        if [ "${EMAIL_ERRORS_TO}" != "" ] && [ "${LOG_STATUS}" != "OK" ] ; then
            if [ "${EMAIL_TO}" == "" ] ; then
                EMAIL_TO="${EMAIL_ERRORS_TO}"
            else
                EMAIL_TO="${EMAIL_TO},${EMAIL_ERRORS_TO}"
            fi
        fi

        echo "${EMAIL_TO}" | grep "," > /dev/null 2>&1
        if [[ $? -eq 0 ]] ; then
            ORIG_IFS=${IFS}
            IFS=','
            for i in ${EMAIL_TO}; do
                buildHeaders ${i}
                cat "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}" | sendDelay| "${NC_BIN}" "${EMAIL_SERVER}" "${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
                #"${NC_BIN}" -i "${EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL}" "${EMAIL_SERVER}" "${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}" < "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
                if [[ $? -eq 1 ]] ; then
                    logger "info" "ERROR: Failed to email log output to ${EMAIL_SERVER}:${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT} to ${EMAIL_TO}\n"
                fi
            done
            unset IFS
        else
            buildHeaders ${EMAIL_TO}
            cat "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}" | sendDelay| "${NC_BIN}" "${EMAIL_SERVER}" "${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
            #"${NC_BIN}" -i "${EMAIL_DELAY_INTERVAL}" "${EMAIL_SERVER}" "${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT}" < "${EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
            if [[ $? -eq 1 ]] ; then
                logger "info" "ERROR: Failed to email log output to ${EMAIL_SERVER}:${EMAIL_SERVER_PORT} to ${EMAIL_TO}\n"
            fi
        fi
    fi
}

#########################
#                       #
# Start of Main Script  #
#                       #
#########################

# If the NFS_IO_HACK is disabled, this restores the original script settings.
if [[ "${ENABLE_NFS_IO_HACK}" -eq 0 ]]; then
    NFS_IO_HACK_LOOP_MAX=60
    NFS_IO_HACK_SLEEP_TIMER=1
fi

USE_VM_CONF=0
USE_GLOBAL_CONF=0
BACKUP_ALL_VMS=0
EXCLUDE_SOME_VMS=0

# quick sanity check on the number of arguments
if [[ $# -lt 1 ]] || [[ $# -gt 12 ]]; then
    printUsage
    LOG_TO_STDOUT=1 logger "info" "ERROR: Incorrect number of arguments!"
    exit 1
fi

#Quick sanity check for the VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT configuration setting.
if [[ "$VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT" -lt 1 ]]; then
	VM_BACKUP_ROTATION_COUNT=1
fi

#Sanity check for full qualified email and adjust EMAIL_FROM to be hostname@domain.com if username is missing.
if [[ "${EMAIL_FROM%%@*}" == "" ]] ; then
    EMAIL_FROM="`hostname -s`$EMAIL_FROM"
fi

#read user input
while getopts ":af:c:g:w:m:l:d:e:j:" ARGS; do
    case $ARGS in
        w)
            WORKDIR="${OPTARG}"
            ;;
        a)
            BACKUP_ALL_VMS=1
            VM_FILE='${WORKDIR}/vm-input-list'
            ;;
        f)
            VM_FILE="${OPTARG}"
            ;;
        j)
            JOBNAME="${OPTARG}"
            ;;
        m)
            VM_FILE='${WORKDIR}/vm-input-list'
            VM_ARG="${OPTARG}"
            ;;
        e)
            VM_EXCLUSION_FILE="${OPTARG}"
            EXCLUDE_SOME_VMS=1
            ;;
        c)
            CONFIG_DIR="${OPTARG}"
            USE_VM_CONF=1
            ;;
        g)
            GLOBAL_CONF="${OPTARG}"
            USE_GLOBAL_CONF=1
            ;;
        l)
            LOG_OUTPUT="${OPTARG}"
            ;;
        d)
            LOG_LEVEL="${OPTARG}"
            ;;
        :)
            echo "Option -${OPTARG} requires an argument."
            exit 1
            ;;
        *)
            printUsage
            ;;
    esac
done

WORKDIR=${WORKDIR:-"/tmp/ghettoVCB.work"}

EMAIL_LOG_HEADER=${WORKDIR}/ghettoVCB-email-$$.header
EMAIL_LOG_OUTPUT=${WORKDIR}/ghettoVCB-email-$$.log
EMAIL_LOG_CONTENT=${WORKDIR}/ghettoVCB-email-$$.content

#expand VM_FILE
[[ -n "${VM_FILE}" ]] && VM_FILE=$(eval "echo $VM_FILE")

# refuse to run with an unsafe workdir
if [[ "${WORKDIR}" == "/" ]]; then
    echo "ERROR: Refusing to run with unsafe workdir ${WORKDIR}"
    exit 1
fi

if mkdir "${WORKDIR}"; then
    # create VM_FILE if we're backing up everything/specified a vm on the command line
    [[ $BACKUP_ALL_VMS -eq 1 ]] && touch ${VM_FILE}
    [[ -n "${VM_ARG}" ]] && echo "${VM_ARG}" > "${VM_FILE}"

    if [[ "${WORKDIR_DEBUG}" -eq 1 ]] ; then
        LOG_TO_STDOUT=1 logger "info" "Workdir: ${WORKDIR} will not! be removed on exit"
    else
        # remove workdir when script finishes
        trap 'rm -rf "${WORKDIR}"' 0
    fi

    # verify that we're running in a sane environment
    sanityCheck

    GHETTOVCB_PID=$$
    echo $GHETTOVCB_PID > "${WORKDIR}/pid"

    logger "info" "============================== ghettoVCB LOG START ==============================\n"
    logger "debug" "Succesfully acquired lock directory - ${WORKDIR}\n"

    # terminate script and remove workdir when a signal is received
    trap 'rm -rf "${WORKDIR}" ; exit 2' 1 2 3 13 15

    ghettoVCB ${VM_FILE}

    Get_Final_Status_Sendemail

    # practically redundant
    [[ "${WORKDIR_DEBUG}" -eq 0 ]] && rm -rf "${WORKDIR}"
    exit $EXIT
else
    logger "info" "Failed to acquire lock, another instance of script may be running, giving up on ${WORKDIR}\n"
	Get_Final_Status_Sendemail
    exit 1
fi