An Arabic-English Lexicon

An Arabic-English Lexicon <foreign lang="ar">ك</foreign> Edward William Lane The U.S. Department of Education The Max Planck Society Trustees of Tufts University Medford, MA Perseus Project

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You credit Perseus, as follows, whenever you use the document: Text provided by Perseus Digital Library, with funding from The U.S. Department of Education and The Max Planck Society. You leave this availability statement intact. You offer Perseus any modifications you make. Additional XML cleanup by Alpheios Technical Services, LLC. An Arabic-English Lexicon London Williams and Norgate 1863 English Arabic Transliterated Arabic Greek Latin k [The twenty-second letter of the Alphabet, called kaAfN. It is one of the letters termed mahomuwsap, or non-vocal, i. e. pronounced with the breath only, without the voice; and it also belongs to the class called $ajariy~ap. It is a radical letter. ― -b2- As a numeral it denotes twenty. -A2- k, as a pronominal suffix, as a preposition, and as a particle of allocution, see Supplement.] kA^ , (K,) inf. n. kaA^okaA^apN; (TA;) and ↓ takaA^okaA^a, (S, K,) as also tkEkE; (S;) He drew back, or retired, and was cowardly. (S, K.) ― -b2- kaA^okaA^a, inf. n. kaA^okaA='N, [respecting the form of which see ZaA^oZaA^a,] He was very impatiently cowardly. (AA, K.) [In the CK., in the explanation of the inf. n., Aljabiynu is put for Aljubonu.] ― -b3- Also, inf. n. as above, He (a thief) ran away. (K, TA.) -A2- See R. Q. 2. He was prevented, or hindered. (Lth.) ― -b2- takaA^okaA^a fiY kalaAmihi He hesitated in his speech, and was unable to speak. (K.) -A2- takaA^okaA^a Ealayohi Aln~aAsu, (S, K, *) and ↓ kaA^okaA^a, (K,) The people collected around him; (S, K;) crowded, or pressed, upon him. (TA.) -A3- And see R. Q. 1. Short. (S, K.) kA^b , aor. , inf. n. kaA^obapN and kaA=bapN (S, K) and kaA^obN (K) and kaA^obaA='u; (TA;) and ↓ AktA^b; (S, K;) He was in an evil state, and broken [in spirit] by grief, or mourning; (S, K;) he was in grief, unhappy, sorrowful, or sad. (K.) See also 4. He caused him to grieve, or mourn, or to be unhappy, sorrowful, or sad; (K;) threw him into grief, or mourning, &c. (TA.) ― -b2- AkA^b He was in grief, or mourning; was unhappy, sorrowful, or sad: (K:) or he entered upon a state of grief, mourning, unhappiness, sorrow, or sadness; or a state of being changed and broken in spirit by reason of intense anxiety. (TA.) See also 1. -A2- He fell into destruction, or ruin. (K.) (tropical:) [The face of the earth, or land, became of sad aspect]. (TA.) See 1. : see kay^iybN. Grief, mourning, unhappiness, sorrow, or sadness: (K:) [in which sense the inf. n. kaA=bapN is more commonly used:] or intense grief, &c.: used both as an inf. n. and as an epithet. (TA.) See kay^iybN. i. q. tuw^abapN, in the following phrase maA bihi kw^bpN There is nothing in him for which he should be ashamed. (K.) (S, K) and ↓ kay^ibN and ↓ makotay^ibN (K) A man in an evil state, and broken [in spirit] by grief, or mourning; (S, K;) in grief, unhappy, sorrowful, or sad. (K.) kay^iybapN and ↓ kaA^obaA='u the same, as applied to a woman. (S.) ― -b2- AlArD kay^iybapu Alwajohi (tropical:) [The earth, or land, is of sad aspect.] (TA.) see kay^iybN. ― -b2- ramaAdN mukotay^ibu All~awoni Ashes of a colour inclining to black; (S, K;) as is the colour of him who is in an evil state, or broken [in spirit] by grief. (S.) kA^d , aor. , He was in an evil state, and broken [in spirit] by grief, or mourning; or was in grief, unhappy, sorrowful, or sad, syn. kay^iba. (K.) and ↓ takaA='adaniY It (a thing, or an affair,) was difficult to me; it distressed, troubled, fatigued, or wearied, me. (S, L, K.) ― -b2- tkA^~d Al$~aYo'a He took, or imposed, upon himself, or undertook, the thing, in spite of difficulty, trouble or inconvenience; he constrained himself to do the thing, notwithstanding it was difficult, troublesome, or inconvenient, to him. (L, K.) You say takaA^~adotu Al*~ahaAba A_ilaY fulaAnK, meaning, I [constrained myself to go, and] went to such a one, in spite of difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience. (AZ, L.) ― -b3- He endured the thing; struggled with, or against, it; contended with its difficulty, or severity; underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it; endured, or bore, its heat and severity; syn. kaAbadahu, and SaliYa bihi. (IAar, L, K.) see 5. Difficulty. (IAar, L, K.) ― -b2- Grief; sorrow; mourning; syn. HuzonN: so accord. to the K; but accord. to IAar [and the L] fear; syn. xawofN: (TA:) and caution: (IAar, L.) ― -b3- Injustice. (K.) ― -b4- A dark night. (IAar, L, K.) ― -b5- See also kaw^uwdN. , (S, L, K,) and ↓ kaA^odaA='u, (L, K,) A mountain-road difficult of ascent. (S, L, K. *) Such a road is also termed [simply] kaA^odaA='u, and SuEadaA='u: [in the K it is said, that kuw^adaA='u is syn. with SuEadaA='u:] and kaw^uwdN [in like manner, as a subst.,] signifies. a difficult place of ascent: like SaEuwdN. (L, TA.) kA^s , (ISk, S, A, Msb, K,) and kaAsN, with the ' suppressed, is allowable, (Msb,) and sometimes occurs, (TA,) A drinking-cup: (A, K:) or [a cup of wine; i. e.] a cup containing wine; (S, A, K;) or a cup full of wine: (Msb:) when not containing wine, it is not thus called; (IAar, S, Msb;) being in this case called qadaHN: (TA:) or it has the first and the second of these significations: (TA:) or it signifies wine itself: (As, AHát, Ibn-'Abbád:) or has this signification also: (K:) and is of the fem. gender: (S, A, Msb, K:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akow^usN and [of mult.] kuw^uwsN and kiy^aAsN, (S, Msb, K,) the last with ', (TA, [but written without ' in the CK,]) and, accord. to AHn, kiyaAsN, without ', which, if correct, is originally kiwaAsN, from kaAsN, with the ' changed into A as representing w, (TA,) and kaAsaAtN, (K,) without '. (TA.) It is used metaphorically in relation to every kind of disagreeable, hateful, or evil, things. Thus you say, saqaAhu kaA^osFA mina Al*~ul~i (tropical:) [He gave him to drink a cup of abasement]: and mina Alfuroqapi (tropical:) [of separation]: and mina Almawoti (tropical:) [of death]: and mina AlHub~i (tropical:) [of love]. (TA.) You say also, saqaAhu AlkaA^osa AlA^amar~a (tropical:) [He gave him to drink the most bitter cup]; meaning death: (A, TA:) and kuw^uwsa AlmanaAyaA (tropical:) [The cups of death; lit., deaths]. (A.) Az. thinks that it may be derived from kaASa fulaAnN mina AlT~aEaAmi waAl$~araAbi, meaning, “ Such a one ate and drank much ”; because S and s are interchangeable in many words on account of the nearness of their places of utterance. (TA.) kA^kA^ See kA^. kA^l See Supplement kA^n He, (a man) was strong in his make (IAar, in TA, voce kanata.) A man strong in his make. (IAar, in TA, voce kanata.) and kA'K: see kaA^aY~K or kaA^ay~ino in art. A^aY~N (p. 134 a.) kA^Y See art. kyA^. kb , aor. , (inf. n. kab~N, TA;) and kabokabahu; (K, TA;) He inverted it, or turned it upside-down. (K.) ― -b2- kab~a AlA_inaA='a, aor , inf. n. kab~N, [He inverted, or turned down, the vessel, so as to pour out its contents]: (TA:) he turned the vessel over upon its head. (Msb.) ― -b3- kab~a AlqaSoEapa He turned over the wooden bowl upon its face. (TA.) ― -b4- kab~ahu, (K,) or kb~h liwajohihi, (S,) [or EalaY wajohihi (see 4),] and ↓ Akb~h (K) and ↓ kabokabahu, (S, K,) He prostrated him; threw him down upon his face. (S, K.) [One says,] kab~a All~`hu Eaduw~a Almusolimiyna [May God overthrow, or prostrate, the enemy of the Muslims!]: but one should not say ↓ Akb~. (S.) See also 4. ― -b5- He cut, or wounded, a camel in the legs. (TA.) -A2- kab~a, (aor. , inf. n. kab~u, TA,) (tropical:) He [convolved, or glomerated, thread, and likewise hair (see faliylN), or he] made thread [&c.] into kubab [or balls]: (S, K:) or into a kub~ap [or ball]. (ISd.) [The verb is used in the present day to signify He wound thread into a ball, or balls.] See 5. -A3- kab~a, [aor., app., ,] He, or it, was weighty, or heavy. (K.) See kub~apN -A4- He kindled, or set on fire, kub~, which is [a plant, or tree, of the kind called] HamoD. (AA, K.) , inf. n. takobiybN, (tropical:) He made kabaAb, or meat cut up, &c. (K.) See 1. -A2- Akb~ He bent his head down towards the ground; [as also A_ilaY AlA^aroDi ↓ Ankb~, occurring in the TA, art brz;] bent himself down; stooped. (TA.) [See Kur, lxvii, 22.] ― -b2- Akb~, (K,) or Akb~ EalaY wajohihi, (S) and ↓ Ankb~, (TA,) quasi-pass. of kab~a; He fell prostrate or prone; fell upon his face: (S, K:) the former verb extr. with respect to analogy, (S,) [as quasipass. of kab~a: see A^aHojama, and A^aHonaja]: [and ↓ kab~a, aor., app., , inf. n. kab~N, he fell, having stumbled: for] kab~N is the contr. of AinotiEaA$N. (S, art. tE$.) ― -b3- Akb~ lahu (i. e., lil$~aYo'i, TA) i. q. taHaAnaY (as in some copies of the K) or tajaAnaA^a (as in others): the latter [meaning He bent down towards it] is probably the correct reading. (TA.) -A3- Akb~ Ealayohi, (i. e., ElY Al$~aYo'i, TA,) and ↓ Ankb~, (assumed tropical:) He fell to, or set about, doing it. (K.) Akb~ ElY AlA^amori yafoEaluhu, and ↓ Ankb~, [He fell to, or set about, the thing, to do it]. (S.) -A4- Akb~ Ealayohi, (i. e., ElY EamalK, TA,) and ↓ Ankb~, (tropical:) He kept, or adhered, to it; (K;) i. e., to a work. (TA.) The camels were prostrated by disease (S, K) or emaciation. (S.) -A2- tkb~b (tropical:) It (sand) became contracted (by reason of its moisture, TA,) into a compact mass: (S:) or became moist, and, in consequence, compact: whence kub~apu gazolK [a ball of spun thread], as indicated by Z in the A. (TA.) ― -b2- tkb~b (tropical:) He wrapped himself up in his garment: (A:) [as also ↓ tkbkb: ex.] jaA'a mutakabokibFA fiY viyaAbihi He came wrapped up in his garment. (S.) (tropical:) They pressed together, or crowded together, upon it. (TA.) [See t~akaAt~uwA, in art. kt.] It (a jug, or the like) was, or became, inverted, or turned down, so as to pour out its contents. (IB, in TA, voce garabN.) ― -b2- See 4, in five places. He turned him over, one part upon another: or threw him from the top of a mountain or wall. (TA.) See 1, in two places. ― -b2- kabokabahu, inf. n. kabokabapN, He threw him into a deep place, or hollow. (K.) fakubokibuwA fiyhaA [Kur, xxvi, 9 4,] And they shall be thrown prostrate therein: [i. e., into the fire of hell:] (S:) or they shall be collected together and thrown down into it, namely, the abyss of hell-fire: (Lth:) lit., they shall be thrown so as to turn over and over until at length they come to a stop therein: (TA:) or they shall be thrown into it, one upon another: (Zj:) or they shall be collected together therein. (TA.) ― -b3- kbkb AlmaAla He collected together, and brought or put back, the extremities of what was scattered of the wealth or property: [meaning, he collected the camels &c. by driving together those that were dispersed:] like kamohalahu and dabokalahu &c. (L.) (tropical:) They collected themselves together. (TA.) ― -b2- See 5. , [coll. gen. n., A plant or tree, of the kind called] HamoD; (K;) a kind of tree excellent for kindling, the leaves of which make the tails of horses beautiful and long; it has joints and thorns, and grows in fine, or soft, and plain soil: n. un. with p: or, accord. to some, it is [a plant, or tree,] of the kind called najiylu AlfalaApi: but IAar says, among the [plants, or trees, called] HamoD, are the njyl and the kb~. (TA.) and ↓ kub~apN A charge, an assault, or an onslaught, in war. (K) [And] kab~apN (S, K) and ↓ kub~apN (K) A single impetus [in some copies of the S, dafoEap; in others, and in my copies of the K, dufoEap: I prefer the former reading:] in fighting and in running [in the CK, wAljaroYu, which is doubtless a mistake]: (S, K:) and vehemence thereof. (TA.) ― -b2- kab~apN and ↓ kub~apN A collision between two troops of horses: in the K, biyona Aljabalayoni; but correctly, bayona Alxayolayoni, as in other lexicons. (TA.) ― -b3- kab~apN (S, K) and ↓ kub~apN (K) A letting loose, or setting free, horses, (S, K,) upon the race-course, or field, to run, or to charge. (S.) [This is evidently meant in the S as an explanation of the words rendered here “ a single impetus ” &c.] ― -b4- kab~apN (S, K) and ↓ kub~apN (K) The vehemence and assault [in some copies of the S, dafoEap: in others, and in my copies of the K, dufoEap: I prefer the former reading:] of winter. (S, K) ― -b5- kab~apu Aln~aAri A dash, or dashing of the fire [of hell]. (TA.) -A2- kab~apN and ↓ kub~apN and ↓ kabokabapN and ↓ kibokibapN and ↓ kibokibN or (accord. to the TA) ↓ kabokabN, A throwing into a deep place, or hollow. (K.) See kabokaba. -A3- See also kub~apN. : see kab~apN passim. -A2- Alkb~ [a mistranscription for Alkub~apu, as is shown by the next sentence,] What is collected together, of dust, or earth, and of other things. (TA [See also safaApN, voce safFA.] ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) kub~apN (tropical:) A jarawohaq (which is not an Arabic word, TA, [but arabicized, from the Persian kuruwhaho guróhah, signifying a ball] of spun thread: (S, K:) or such as is collected together, [or convolved, so as to form a ball,] of spun thread: (TA: [see 5:]) pl. kubabN. (S, K.) [And it is likewise of hair: see faliylN.] ― -b3- [Hence,] kub~apN (S, K) and ↓ kubokubapN (S) or ↓ kabokabapN (K) (tropical:) A company, congregated body, or troop, (K,) of horses, (S,) or of men. (TA.) kbkbpN mino baniY A_isoraAy^iyla A company of the Children of Israel. (TA, from a trad.) kub~apu Als~uwqi The company of the market: said in a trad. to be the company of Satan. (TA.) ramaAhumo bikub~atihi [He threw upon them] his troop, or company. (TA.) See also below. ― -b4- A herd of great camels. (K.) A_in~aka lakaA@lbaAy^iEK Alkub~apa biAlhub~api Verily thou art like the seller of a herd of great camels for wind. A proverb, thus related by AZ: but, as related by some, Alkbp bAlhbp, without teshdeed: see arts. kbw and hbw. (TA.) ― -b5- kub~apu Alxayoli The greater number, or main part, of the troop of horses. (Th.) ― -b6- I. q. EiyaAlN: so in the phrase Ealayohi kb~pN [He has a family, or household, dependant upon him]. (TA.) ― -b7- kub~apN (K) and ↓ kab~apN (S, K) (tropical:) A pressing, or crowding, together. (S, K.) -A3- kub~apN Weight. (K.) So in the saying ramaAhumo bikub~atihi [He threw upon them his weight]. (TA.) (But see above.) And A^aloqaY Ealayohi kub~atahu He threw his weight upon him. (TA.) i. q. TabaAhajN; (S;) i. e., (TA,) (tropical:) Flesh-meat cut up [into small pieces] (K) and roasted, or broiled; or thrown upon burning coals: (TA:) [small morsels of meat, generally mutton or lamb, roasted on skewers]. Asserted by El-Khafájee to be Persian; and thought to be so by Yaakoob. (TA.) A large number of camels or of sheep or goats. (K.) Also used as an epithet: ex. naEamN kubaAbN Camels, or camels and sheep or goats, so numerous that one mounts upon another. (TA.) naEamN kubaAkibN Many camels, or camels and sheep or goats. (TA.) See also kuvaAbN -A2- Dust; earth. (K.) ― -b2- Adhesive mud; or clay. (K.) ― -b3- Moist earth. (K.) ― -b4- An abundance of moist, or soft, earth, that cleaves together. (TA.) ― -b5- Sand that is contracted (by reason of its moisture, TA,) into a compact mass: (S:) sand that has become moist, and, in consequence, compact. (TA.) A certain medicine (S, K) of China: (K:) [cubeb, or piper cubebae.] and kabokabN, see kab~apN -A2- A certain game (K) of the Arabs. (TA.) and kubaAkibu A man (TA) of compact (and strong, TA,) make: pl. kabaAkibu. (K.) and kibokibapN, see kub~apN. see kubokuwbN. An excellent kind of thick dates. (K.) and kubokuwbapN and ↓ kubokubapN A closely congregated body of men. (K.) A fat woman. (K.) A man who is constantly stumbling. (TA.) and ↓ mikobaAbN One who looks much towards the ground. (K.) A dust-coloured wheat, with thick ears, (K,) like small birds, and a thick straw, the eaters of which [namely the straw, a common fodder in Arabia,] do not become brisk, or sprightly. (TA.) see mikab~N. kbt , aor. , (inf. n. kabotN, TA,) He threw him down prostrate; (K;) as also kabatahu liwajohihi: (S:) he threw him, or it, down upon his, or its face; like kab~ahu: this is the primary signification. (TA.) ― -b2- kabatahu All~`hu liwajohihi May God prostrate him, so that he may not succeed in his enterprise, or may not gain the victory! (TA.) ― -b3- kabata AlkaAfira He (God) prostrated the unbeliever, and denied him what he desired, or disappointed him, or caused him to fail of attaining his desire. (TA, from a trad.) ― -b4- kabatahu He repelled him (i. e. an enemy) in his rage, or wrath. (K.) ― -b5- I. q. kasarahu [here app. signifying He routed him; or put him to flight.] (K.) ― -b6- kabatahu, (inf. n. kabotN, S,) He turned away, or averted, him: (S, K:) and abased him; debased him; rendered him vile, despicable, or ignominious. (S, K.) Syn. A^a*al~ahu and A^axozaAhu (K) Ex. kabata All~`hu AlEaduw~a God averted and abased the enemy. (S.) ― -b7- kubituwA kamaA kubita Al~a*iyna mino qabolihimo, in the Kur, [lviii, 6,] signifies, They [who oppose God and his Apostle] have been abased, and punished, by their being overcome, like as those who were before them, of such as opposed God, were abased, &c.: (Zj:) or they have been enraged, and grieved, on the occasion of the war of the Moat, like as those who were before them, who fought with the prophets, were enraged and grieved: (Fr:) in favour of which latter interpretation it has been argued, that Alkbt is formed from Alkbd, the liver, by the substitution of t for d, and that the liver is the source of rage and malevolence. (Az.) -A2- kabatahu i. q. kabadahu, He smote, or hurt, his liver. (TA.) ― -b2- kabata gayoZahu fiY jawofihi (tropical:) He restrained his rage in his inside [or bosom]. You say, mano kabata gayoZahu fiY jawofihi kabata All~`hu Eaduw~ahu mino xawofihi [Whoso restraineth his rage in his bosom, God will avert and abase his enemy, through fear of him]. (A.) He was thrown down, or fell down, prostrate; or, upon his face. (TA.) [app. kabotN or kibotN or kabitN] i. q. kabidN The liver. Ex. baruda kbtuhu [His liver became cool: i. e., his rage became assuaged]. ('Ináyeh.) Rage or wrath; and grief, or sorrow. ('Ináyeh.) pass. part. n. of 1, q. v. ― -b2- Also, Affected with violent grief, or sorrow: originally makobuwdN: i. e., having his liver affected by grief, or sorrow. (TA, from a trad.) Filled with grief, or sorrow; (K;) or with rage, or wrath. (TA.) kbv , aor. , It (flesh meat) became altered and stinking. (S, K,) ― -b2- kabava, (aor. , inf. n. kabovN, TK,) He covered over (gam~) flesh-meat, (K,) so that it became altered and stinking. (TK.) , inf. n. takobiyvN, He inclined the ship towards the shore, and transferred what was in it to another ship. (K.) [coll. gen. n.] What is ripe of the fruit of the A^araAk; (IAar, S, K;) what is unripe thereof being called bariyr: (S:) or what has become black thereof: (TA in art. brm: [see also marodN:]) or what is unripe thereof: (M:) or, as some say, the fruit of that tree when scattered: n. un. with p: (TA:) the kbAv are, in quantity (miqodaAr), a little above the grains of the coriander, and fill both the hands of a man; being more than a camel takes at once into his mouth. (AHn.) , and ↓ makobuwvN, Flesh-meat that has been covered, (K,) [and] become [in consequence] altered and stinking. (TK.) AA explains kabiyvN by the words laHomN qado gum~a. (TA.) and kunobuwvN and kunaAbivN Hard and strong. (K.) ― -b2- Also, all the three words, Contracted [in disposition], and niggardly, or stingy. (K.) Accord. to some, the n is a radical letter. (TA.) [See also art. knbv.] : see kabiyvN. kbH , (aor. , inf. n. kaboHN, L,) He pulled in the horse, or the like, by the bridle and bit, (and struck its mouth with the bit, L,) in order that it might stop, (S, L, K,) and not run; (S, L;) as also ↓ A^akobaHahaA; (Yaakoob, K;) or you say AkmHhA and AkfHhA and kbHhA [only]; the last alone without A: (As, S:) or he (the rider) pulled its head towards him, and prevented its being refractory, and its overcoming him, and going quickly: so in the Nh, the explanation in which is incorrectly given by Mullà 'Alee Káree: (TA:) or ↓ AkbHh signifies he pulled up his head by the bridle, so as to make it upright, or erect; (Msb;) and so kabaHahu. (A.) ― -b2- kabaHa fulaAnFA Eano HaAjatihi (tropical:) He turned such a one back from, or made him to revert from, or relinquish, the thing that he wanted. (L, K.) ― -b3- kabaHa AlHaAy^iTu Als~ahoma (tropical:) The wall made the arrow, striking it, to turn from its course, without its sticking in it. (L.) ― -b4- kabaHahu He struck him with a sword, (K,) upon his flesh, not upon a bone. (Msb.) : see qAbHh. see 1, in two places. That which presents itself before thee, (K,) or he who presents himself before thee, (T, L,) of such objects as are of evil omen, (T, L, K,) as a he-goat &c.; (L;) because it turns him back from his course: (TA:) pl. kawaAbiHu. (L, K.) kbd , (aor. , AZ, L, K, and , L, K, inf. n. kabodN, L,) He, or it, hit, or smote, or hurt, his kabid [or liver]: (AZ, S, IKtt, L:) or struck it. (L, K.) ― -b2- kabadahumu Albarodu, (aor. and , K,) (assumed tropical:) The cold affected them severely; distressed them; straitened them: (L, K:) or, smote their livers; which only the most intense cold does. (L, from a trad.) ― -b3- kabida, aor. , (L, K,) inf. n. kabadN, (L,) He had a pain in his liver: (L, K) and (A, L:) or kubida, (K,) inf. n. kubaAdN, (TA,) he had a complaint of his liver. (L, K.) -A2- kabida, aor. , (L,) inf. n. kabadN, (S, L, K,) He was big in the belly, (L, K,) in its upper part: (L:) he (a man) was bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace. (S, L.) ― -b2- It (anything) was big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) -A3- See 5. See 5. , (inf. n. mukaAbadapN and kibaAdN, L, K,) (tropical:) He endured the thing; struggled, or contended, with, or against, it; struggled or contended with, or against, its difficulty, or severity; syn. qaAsaAhu, (L, K,) or qaAsaY $id~athu; (S;) he endured, or struggled, or contended, with or against, its difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience; syn. EaAnaY ma$aq~atahu: (L:) he underwent difficulties, troubles, or inconveniences, in doing it. (Msb.) ― -b2- kAbd All~ayola (tropical:) He (a man) braved (rakiba) the terribleness and difficulty of the night. And kaAbadotu Zulomapa h`*ihi All~ayolapi mukaAbadapF $adiydapF I braved the darkness of this night with a mighty braving. (Lth, L.) ― -b3- baEoDuhumo yukaAbidu baEoDFA (tropical:) [One party of them struggles, contends, or strives, against the opposition of the other]: said of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like. (A.) (tropical:) He tended, or betook himself, or directed himself or his course, to, or towards, it, namely, an affair, (L, K,) and a town or country; syn. qaSadahu; (L, K;) as also ↓ kabadahu, aor. and . (K, TA.) -A2- tkb~d (tropical:) It (milk) became thick; (S, A, L, K;) as also any other beverage; (L;) and (the former) became thick like liver, so as to quiver. (L.) -A3- tkb~dt Al$~amosu, (S, A,) or tkb~dt Al$msu Als~amaA='a, (L, K,) (tropical:) The sun became in the kabid, (S, L,) or kubayodaA=', (K,) of the sky; (S, L, K;) became in the middle of the sky; culminated; (A;) as also ↓ kb~dt, inf. n. takobiydN: (K:) and Aln~ajomu Als~amaA='a ↓ kb~d the star, or asterism, [or the Pleiades,] culminated. (S, L.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce xa$afa.] ― -b2- tk~bd AlfalaApa (tropical:) He directed his course to, or towards, the middle and main part of the desert. (L.) and kibodN: see kabidN. (tropical:) Difficulty; distress; affliction; trouble. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) Ex. waqaEa fiY kabadK He fell into difficulty, &c. (A.) So in the words of the Kur, [xc, 4,] laqado xalaqonaA A@loA_inosaAna fiY kabadK Verily we have created man in difficulty, &c., (S, L, Jel,) in a state in which he has to contend with the afflictions of the present life and the difficulties pertaining to the life to come: (Zj, * Jel:) or fY kbd here signifies, in a right and just state: (Aboo-Tálib, L:) or in an erect state, and in just proportion: (Fr; L:) or in an erect state, and walking upon his two legs; whereas other animals are not erect: or in the belly of his mother, with his head towards her head; in which state the child remains until near the birth, when it becomes inverted. (L.) ― -b2- And see kaAbidN and kabidN. , (S, L, Msb, K, &c.,) the most chaste and best known form of the word, (TA,) and ↓ kibodN, (S, L, Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and ↓ kabodN, (S, L, K,) also a contraction of the first, (S,) [The liver;] a certain black piece of flesh on the right of the lungs: (L:) fem., and sometimes masc.; (Fr, L, Msb, K;) or fem. only: (Lh, ISd, L, Msb:) pl. A^akobaAdN (S, L, Msb, K) and kubuwdN; (L, Msb, K;) the latter seldom used. (Msb) ― -b2- Also, [the first,] (tropical:) The place of the liver, outside: (L;) the side. (K) It is said in a trad., fawaDaEa yadahu EalaY kabidiY, meaning, And he put his hand upon my side externally; or, upon the external part of my side, next the liver. (L.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) The inside of an animal, altogether. (Kr, ISd, K.) Sometimes used in this sense. (Kr, ISd.) ― -b4- (tropical:) The inside, meaning a cave, or ravine, of a mountain. (L.) ― -b5- kabidu AlA^aroDi (tropical:) The interior of the earth: (Msb:) or the minerals (maEaAdin) of the earth: (A:) or the gold and silver and the like that are in the mines of the earth: (L:) pl. A^akobaAdN (A, L) and kubuwdN. (L.) It is said in a trad. wataloqiY AlA^aroDu A^afolaA*a kabidihaA (tropical:) And the earth shall cast forth what is hidden in her belly, of treasures and minerals. (L.) ― -b6- (tropical:) The middle of anything, (A, L, Msb, K, *) and its main part. (L, K.) ― -b7- (tropical:) The middle of the sea. (L.) ― -b8- (tropical:) The middle of a butt for archers. (A, L.) ― -b9- daAruhu kabida najodK (tropical:) His house is in the middle of Nejd. (A.) ― -b10- kabidN; (L;) in the K, ↓ kabadN; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) The middle of a tract of sand, (L, K,) and its main part. (L.) ― -b11- kabidN; (S, A, L, Msb;) in the K, ↓ kabadN; but none [except F] says so; (MF;) and ↓ kabodN, and ↓ kabodaA='u, (K,) and ↓ kubayodaAtN, (S, A, L,) as though they had formed the dim. kubayodapN from kabidN, and then formed the pl.; (S, L;) in the K, kubayodaApN; but this is wrong; (TA;) and ↓ kubayodaA='u, (L, Msb, K,) dim. of kabidN, contr. to rule, like suwayodaA='u; (Msb;) [or dim. of kabodaA='u;] (tropical:) The middle of the sky, (S, A, L, K,) and its main part: (L;) or [the meridian of the sky;] the middle of the sky, wherein is the sun at the time of its declining from the meridian: (L:) or the part of the middle of the sky which faces the spectator. (Lth, L, Msb.) ― -b12- kabidN (Lh, L; in the K, kabadN;) (assumed tropical:) The air; (Lh, L, K;) as also ↓ kabodaA='u. (L.) ― -b13- kabidN (tropical:) of a bow, The handle: (S, A, Msb:) or the part a little above the handle, (Az, L, Msb,) against which the arrow goes: (Az, L:) or the part between the two extremities of the handle, and that along which the arrow runs: (S, L:) or the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or cord or the like: (As, L, K:) [see rijolN:] or the space of a cubit from its handle: (L, K:) or each part where the thong of its suspensory string or the like is tied: (L:) in the bow is its kabid, which is the part [midway] between the two extremities of its suspensory string or the like; then, next to this, the kuloyap; then, next to this, the A^abohar; then, next to this, the TaAy^if; then, the siy^ap, which is the curved part of each extremity. (As, L.) ― -b14- fulaAnN tuDorabN A_ilayoh A^akobaAdu AlA_ibili Such a one is a person to whom men journey seeking knowledge &c. (S, L, K.) [See an ex. in the first paragraph of art. Drb.] ― -b15- suwdN AlA^akobaAdi [Black-livered men;] a designation of enemies, (As, S, L, K,) similar to Suhobu Als~ibaAli [q. v.]: (As, S, L:) they are so called because the effects of rancour, or malevolence, have [as it were] burnt their livers so that they have become black; the liver being the source of enmity. (L.) : see kabidN, and A^akobadu. Pain of the liver: (S, L, K:) or a disease, or complaint, of the liver. (L.) The only known word, signifying a disease, derived from the name of the member affected, except nukaAfN and qulaAbN. (Kr.) It is said in a trad. AlkubaAdu mina AlEab~i, (S, L,) i. e., The pain, or disease, of the liver is from drinking water without sipping. (L.) and kubayodaAtN: see kabidN. A certain species of the layomuwn; [citrus limon sponginus Ferrari: (Delile, Flor. Aeg. Illustr., no. 748:) a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with p]. (TA.) (tropical:) a subst. from kaAbada, (ISd, L, K,) [in the sense of mukaAbadapN: see 3:] as also ↓ kabadN. (MF.) Ex. of the former, walayolapK mina All~ayaAliY mar~ato bikaAbidK kaAbadotuhaA wajar~ato [Many a night of nights has passed with a struggling against its severity: I have struggled against its severity; and it was long]. Said by El-'Ajjáj. jr~t signifies TAlt. (L.) ― -b2- You also say, of adversaries in a contest, litigation, or the like, mino A^amorihimo ↓ A_in~ahumo fiY kabadK (tropical:) [Verily they are in a state of struggling, contention, or strife, against mutual opposition with respect to their affair]. (A.) Anything big, or large, and thick, in the middle. (L.) ― -b2- kabodaA='u A she-camel large in the middle: (L:) and in like manner, a tract of sand, ramolapN. (L, K.) ― -b3- A^akobadu Big in the upper part of the belly: (L:) a man bulky in the middle, and therefore slow in his pace: fem. kabodaA='u. (S, L, K. *) ― -b4- Having the place of his liver rising, or prominent. (K.) ― -b5- qawosN kabodaA='u (tropical:) A bow of which the handle fills the hand: (S, A, L, K:) or, of which the part called the kabid is thick and strong. (L.) ― -b6- kabodaA='u (assumed tropical:) A mill that is turned with the hand: (L, K:) so called because of the difficulty, or trouble, with which it is turned. (L.) -A2- See makobuwdN. -A3- A^akobadu A certain bird. (K.) Hit, or hurt, in his liver. (S.) See makobuwtN ― -b2- Having a complaint of his liver: (TA:) and ↓ A^akobadu signifies the same: (A, L:) or this latter, having a pain in his liver. (L.) kbr , aor. , (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. kuborN (A, Msb, K) and kibarN and kabaArapN, (A, K,) He, (TA,) or it, (Msb,) was, or became, great, [big, or large in body, or corporeal substance: and in years, or age; (when said of a human being, often particularly signifying he attained to puberty;) and in estimation or rank or dignity;] contr. of Dagura; (A, K;) syn. EaZuma, (S, Msb, K,) and jasuma. (K.) [In the K the pret. is twice mentioned: where it is explained as signifying the contr. of Sagura, the above inf. ns. are mentioned, as in the A: where it is explained by EaZuma and jasuma in the K, no inf. n. is mentioned; but in the TA it is there said that in the sense of EaZuma it relates to an affair or case, and that the inf. n. is kibarN and kabaArapN; and that in the sense of jasuma it relates to anything.] ― -b2- kabura AlA^amoru [The affair, or case, was, or became, of great moment; it was, or became, momentous: or it signifies as in the phrase next following]. (A.) ― -b3- kabura Ealayohi AlA^amoru The affair, or case, was, or became, difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome, to him or in its effect upon him; syn. $aq~a. (A, * TA.) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur, x, 72, (TA,) and xlii, 11. (Bd, ii. 42.) And so in the Kur again, xvii, 53, A^awo xaloqFA mim~aA yakoburu fiY Sduwrikumo, (TA,) meaning, A^awoxaloqFA mim~aA yakoburu Einodakumo Eano qubuwli AlHayaApi [Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life], as being the thing most remote from capability to receive life. (Bd.) [This signification is from the primary application of the verb.] -A2- kabira, aor. , inf. n. kibarN and makobirN, He (a man, S, a human being, and a beast, TA, and a child, Msb,) became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age. (S, K.) Hence the prov., kabira Eamoruw Eani AlT~awoqi: see art. Twq.] ― -b2- [In modern Arabic, and, I believe, sometimes, in classic authors, it also signifies He became big; (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. rE, &c.;) i. e. attained to full growth: and to adolescence: and to puberty: see kabiyrN.] This form of the verb and that first mentioned are sometimes erroneously used, each for the other, by persons of distinction as well as by the vulgar. (TA.) ― -b3- See kaborapN, below. -A3- kaAbarotuhu fakabarotuhu, aor. of the latter, : see 3. ― -b2- kabarahu bisanapK, aor. , He exceeded me in age by a year. (K.) And maA kabaraniY A_il~aA bisanapK He did not exceed me in age save by a year. (IAar.) , inf. n. tkabiyrN, He made a thing great. (K.) ― -b2- He magnified, or honoured; syn. EaZ~ama. (S) ― -b3- Also, inf. n. as above, and kib~aArN, (Sgh, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab and many of the people of El-Yemen, (Sgh,) He said Aall~`hu A^akobar. (K.) See A^akobaru, below. , aor. of the latter , [I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him therein.] (A.) You say kaAbara fulaAnN fulaAnFA Such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, and said I am greater than thou. (A.) ― -b2- kAbrhu, inf. n. mukaAbarapN, He vied with him; or contended with him for superiority; syn. gaAlabahu: and he contended against him; or he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing the truth or falsity of what he or his adversary said; syn. EaAnadahu: (Msb:) or he contended or disputed with him, knowing that what he himself said was false, and that what his adversary said was true. (Kull, p. 342.) ― -b3- It is said in a trad., laAtukaAbiruwA AlS~alaApa, meaning, laA tugaAlibuwhaA [app., Contend not ye against prayer.] (TA.) ― -b4- kuwbira faA^abaY [It was contended with, and refused, or would not]: said of what he would utter by a man who had an impediment in his speech. (A.) ― -b5- kaAbarahu EalaY Haq~ihi He denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right, or due, and contended with him for it; expl. by jaAHadahu wagaAlabahu. (A, TA. [See 1 in art. jHd.]) ― -b6- kuwbira EalaY maAlihi He had his property taken from him by force. (A, TA.) , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. A_ikobaArN; (Msb;) and ↓ Astkbrhu; (K;) He deemed it great [or formidable; see an ex., voce faZiEa;] it was great in his estimation; (IJ, K;) syn. A_isotaEoZamahu. (S, Msb.) ― -b2- Akbrt She brought forth a great child, or young one. (IKtt.) ― -b3- A^aSogarati Aln~aAqapu waA^akobarato: see art. Sgr. and ↓ Astkbr (S, K) and ↓ tkAbr (K) He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; (K;) syn. taEaZ~ama: (S:) or tkb~r signifies, as used in the Kur, vii. 143, he considered himself as of the most excellent of the creation, and as having rights which others have not: (Zj:) or this verb has two significations: one of them, he did really good and great actions, exceeding the good actions of others; and hence Almutakab~iru [applied to God] in the Kur, lix. 23: the other, he affected to do such actions, and boasted of great qualities which he did not possess; as do the generality of men; and hence, mutakab~ir in the Kur, xl. 37; and the verb itself in the Kur, vii. 143: and ↓ Astkbr is nearly syn. with tkb~r, and likewise has two significations: one of them, he endeavoured, and sought, to become great; and to do so, when the manner and place and time are such as are requisite, is praiseworthy: the other, he boasted of qualities which he did possess, and feigned such qualities; and to do so is blameable; and in this sense the verb is used in the Kur, ii. 32: (El-Basáïr:) and ↓ tkAbr signifies he feigned himself great in estimation or rank or dignity, or in age. (A, TA.) ― -b2- tkb~r EalaY A@ll~`hi He magnified himself against God, by refusing to accept the truth. (El-Basáïr.) ― -b3- [tkb~r Eano ka*aA He was disdainful of such a thing; he disdained it; turned from it with disdain; he held himself above it; like taEaZ~ama and taEaAZama and tajaAl~a and taraf~aEa.] see 5, in two places. see 4: -A2- see also 5, in two places. : see kiborN, in two senses: -A2- and see kiborapN in three places. Greatness [in corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity]. (IKoot, Msb.) ― -b2- Nobility; eminence; highness; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ kuborN: (K:) eminence, or highness, in, or with respect to, nobility; (K;) as also ↓ kuburN, with two dammehs. (TA.) ― -b3- I. q. EaZamapN [which, as an attribute of God, signifies greatness, or majesty, or the like: (see munakab~irN:) and as an attribute of a man, pride]: (S, Msb, K:) a subst. from Alt~akab~uru: (Msb:) as also ↓ kiboriyaA='u; (S, Msb, K;) a word, says Kr, of which there is not the like [in measure], except siymiyaA='u and jirobiyaA='u; for, he adds, as to kiymiyaA='u, I think it a foreign word: (TA:) the latter [↓ kiboriyaA'u] occurs as an attribute of God, in the sense of EaZamapN, (A, Mgh, Jel,) in the Kur, xlv. 36: (Jel:) and as an attribute of men, in the Kur, x. 79, where it is said to signify proud behaviour towards others, (Bd,) or dominion: (IAmb, Bd, Jel:) and both signify pride, haughtiness, or insolence: (K:) or the former, self-admiration, or self-conceit; and the holding one's self greater than others: and the ↓ latter, disdain of submission; an attribute to which none but God has a right. (El-Basáïr.) ― -b4- Unbelief: the association of any other being with God. So in a trad., in which it is said, that he who has in his heart the weight of a grain of mustard-seed of kibor shall not enter paradise. (TA.) ― -b5- See also kabiyrapN. -A2- The main, or greater, or greatest, part of a thing; (Fr. ISk, Az, S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ kuborN, (Fr, Mgh, Sgh, K,) like EuZomN; (Fr;) thought by Ibn-ElYezeedee to be a dial. form; but Az says, that the Arabs used the other form [kiborN]. (TA.) So in the Kur, xxiv. 11, waA@l~a*iY tawal~aY kiborahu (Fr, S) And he who took upon himself, or undertook, the main part thereof; namely, of the very wicked lie against 'Áïsheh: (Jel:) thus accord. to the “ Seven Readers ”: and ↓ kuborahu, which is an extr. reading, (Msb,) the reading of Homeyd Ibn-El-Aaraj, (Fr, Sgh,) and of Yaakoob. (Sgh, Bd.) kuboru siyaAsapi Aln~aAsi fiY AlmaAli, [app. signifies The main part of men's management is with respect to property, or camels, &c.]. (S.) [The caper, or capparis of Linnæus;] a certain plant having thorns; (TA;) an arabicized word, from the Persian [kabaro]; (S;) called in Arabic laSafN, (Mgh,) or A^aSafN: (S, K:) the vulgar say ↓ kub~aArN. (K.) A beverage is described as made of kabar and barley: kvr is a mistranscription. (Mgh.) : see kiborN. inf. n. of 1: ― -b2- see also kaborapN. : see kiborapN. , a subst. from kabira, (S,) Oldness; age; old age; (S, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ kaburapN and ↓ makobarapN and ↓ makburapN (K) and ↓ makobirN (S, K) and ↓ kibarN. (TA.) The last two, the latter of which is the most common of all, are inf. ns. of kabira.] You say Ealatohu kaburapN, (S, Msb, K,) and kaburapN, and mukobarapN, and makoburapN, (K,) and EalaAhu Almakobiru, (S,) or makobirN, (K,) and kibarN, (TA,) [Age overcame him;] he became old, or advanced in age. (Msb.) Ealatohu kaborapN is also said, tropically, of a sword, and of the iron head or blade of a weapon, when it has become old: (TA:) or of an old iron head or blade of a weapon when spoilt by rust. (M, TA.) And kaborapN is used by AHn with respect to dates and the like. (L.) [See also an ex. voce HaloqapN.] : see kabiyrapN. -A2- huwa kiboratuhumo, (K,) and ↓ kubur~atuhumo, (Az, K,) so in the handwriting of AHeyth., (TA,) and ↓ A_ikobir~atuhumo, and ↓ A^akobir~atuhumo, and ↓ kuboruhumo, and ↓ kubur~uhumo, (K,) He is the greatest of them (K, TA) in age, or in headship: (TA:) or he is the nearest of them in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (K, TA;) his intermediate ancestors being fewer in number: (TA:) but some of these epithets are differently explained, as follows:] h`*aA kiborapu A^abiyhi this is the greatest, or oldest, (A^akobaru,) of the children of his father; contr. of Sigorapu A^abiyhi: (A:) and huwa kiborapu waladi A^abawayohi he is the greatest, or oldest, (Akbr,) of the children of his parents: (Ks, Az:) or he is the last of the children of his parents; (Sh, S;) and the like is said of a female, (Sh, ISk, S,) and of a pl. number: (ISk, S:) it is like Eijozapu waladi A^abawayohi: (Sh, A'Obeyd, S:) or, accord. to Ks and Az, this last phrase has this meaning; but Az says, that kiborap means otherwise, namely, A^akobaru: (TA:) and fulaAnN A_ikobir~apu qawomihi such a one is the greatest, or oldest, (A^akobaru,) of his people; and the like is said of a female, and of a pl. number: (S:) and qawomihi ↓ huwa kuboru, (S,) or qawomihi ↓ A^akobaru, and qawomihi ↓ A^ukobur~u, of the measure of A^ufoEul~, and applied to a woman as to a man, (TA,) he is the nearest of his people in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (S, TA;) in which sense, qawomihi ↓ kaAna kubora is said of El-'Abbás, in a trad., because there remained not, in his lifetime, any one of the descendants of Háshim more nearly related to him than he: (L:) and in another trad. it is said, AlawlA='u llkubori (S, Mgh, Msb) the right to the inheritance of the property left by an emancipated slave belongs to the nearest in kin [to the emancipater] (Mgh, Msb) of the sons of the emancipater; (Mgh;) i. e., when a man [who has emancipated a slave] dies, leaving a son and a grandson, the right to the inheritance of the property left by the emancipated slave belongs to the son, not the grandson. (S.) : see kaborapN. : see kiborapN. : see kiborN. : see art. kbrt. : see kabiyrN. Great [in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity; contr. of SagiyrN, but see EaZiymN]; (S, K;) as also kibiyrN, as asserted by En-Nawawee and others, (TA,) and ↓ kubaArN (S, K) [in an intensive sense, like EuTaAmN,] and ↓ kaAbirN and ↓ kub~aArN: (K:) or the last signifies excessively great: (S, TA:) and kaAbirN is an epithat applied to a man, and signifying great in dignity and nobility; (S, TA;) or great and noble; (Msb;) or one overcoming in greatness; (A;) or a lord, or chief; and the greatest, or oldest, ancestor: (AA:) the fem. [of kabiyrN] is with p: (K:) and the pl. is kibaArN (S, K) and kubaraA='u, applied to men, (TA,) and makobuwraA='u, (S, * K,) [or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n.,] like ma$oyuwxaA='u; [see $ayoxN;] (TA;) and [of kub~aArN] kub~aAruwna. (K.) [See also A^akobaru, and mutakab~irN.] You say tawaAravuwA ↓ A@lomajoda kaAbirFA Eano kaAbirK They inherited by degrees dignity, or nobility, one great in dignity and nobility from another great in dignity and nobility: (S:) or one great and noble from another great and noble: (Msb:) or Eano is here used in the sense of baEoda [after]: (TA voce TabaqN:) or one overcoming in greatness from another overcoming in greatness. (A.) [In the A and Msb, instead of twArvwA, I find warivuwA.] ― -b2- Great, or advanced, in age; old: (A, Msb, TA:) and also big; meaning full-grown; and adolescent: (see kabira:) occurring in apposition to baAligN in art. brk in the S; and often, like baAligN, when applied to a human being, signifying one who has attained to puberty; opposed to SagiyrN:] fem. with p: and pl. kibaArN. (Msb.) ― -b3- [Hence,] A teacher, and master: so in the Kur, xx. 74, and xxvi. 48: (Ks:) and the most knowing, or learned, of a people: so in the Kur, xii. 80. (Mujáhid.) ― -b4- Difficult, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (TA:) fem. with p; occurring in this sense in the Kur, ii. 42. (Bd, TA.) [The fem. is often used in the present day as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, meaning, An affair, or a matter, that is difficult, severe, grievous, &c.] ― -b5- Alkabiyru as an epithet applied to God is syn. with AlEaZiymu [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (TA in art. EZm.) A foul, or an abominable, sin, or crime, or offence, forbidden by the law, of great magnitude; such as murder and adultery or forni- cation, and fleeing from an army proceeding against an enemy [of the Muslims], &c.; [contr. of SagiyrapN;] an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and ↓ kiborN and ↓ kiborapN [in like manner] signify a great sin, or crime, or offence, for which one deserves punishment: (M, K:) the p is to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) or ↓ kiborN signifies [simply] a sin, a crime, or an offence, for which one deserves punishment, [as kabiyrapN is said, not well, to signify, in the Msb,] and is from kabiyrapN, like xiTo from xaTiyoy^apN: (TA:) pl. of the first, kabaAy^iru, (Msb, TA,) and kabiyraAtN also occurs. (Msb.) ― -b2- And see kabiyrN. : see kabiyrN: -A2- and see kabarN. : see 2. : see kabiyrN. [Greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity: and] more, or most, advanced in age; older, and oldest: (Msb:) fem. kuboraY: (S, Msb:) pl. masc. A^akaAbiru (S, Msb) and A^akobaruwna; but not kuborN, because this is of a form specially appropriated to an epithet such as A^asowadu and A^aHomaru, and you do not use Akbr in the manner of such an epithet, for you do not say h`*aA rajulN A^akobaru, unless you conjoin it with a following word by mino, or prefix to it the article Al: (S:) [but see the phrase daEaA bikuborihi, below:] the pl. fem. is kubarN (S, Msb, K) and kuborayaAtN. (Msb.) ― -b2- A^akobaru is also used in the sense of kabiyrN: (Msb:) accord. to some, Aall~`hu A^akobar means God is great; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) like as huwa A^ahowanu Ealayohi [in the Kur, xxx. 26,] means huwa hay~inN Ealayohi; (Az, TA;) but this explanation is of weak authority: (Mgh:) accord. to others, the phrase is elliptical, and means God is the greatest great [being]: (Az, TA:) or God is greater than every [other] great [being]: (Msb:) or greater than every [other] thing: (Mgh, TA:) or greater than such as that one knows the measure of His majesty: (TA:) [or it may be rendered God is most great, meaning, greater than any other being:] it is considered as elliptical because it is necessary that Akbr should have the article Al, or be followed by a noun in the gen. case [or by the prep. mino]. (TA.) In the phrase Aall~`hu A^akobaru kabiyrAF, the word kbyrA is put in the accus. case [as a corroborative] in the place of the inf. n. takobiyrAF, as though one said A^ukab~iru takobiyrFA [I magnify Him greatly, after saying All~`h Akbr]. (TA.) ― -b3- yawomu AlHaj~i AlA^akobari [The day of the greater pilgrimage,] means the day of the sacrifice: or, as some say, the day of 'Arafeh: and others say otherwise. (TA.) ― -b4- In the following words, in a trad. of Mázin, buEiva nabiY~N mino muDara bidiyni A@ll~`hi Alkubari, there is an ellipsis, and the meaning is, bi$aray^iEi diyni A@ll~`hi Alkubari [A prophet of Mudar hath been sent with the greatest, or greater, or great, ordinances of God]. (TA.) ― -b5- In a trad. respecting burial, wayujoEalu A@loA^akobaru mim~aA yaliY A@loqibolapa means, And the most excellent shall be placed towards the Kibleh: or, if they be equal [in dignity], the oldest. (TA.) [Agreeably with the former rendering,] A^akobaru, in the Kur, xxix. 44, is explained as signifying Better. (TA, art. *kr.) [And agreeably with the second rendering of the above trad.,] you say h`*aA A^akobaru mino zayodK, meaning, This is older than Zeyd. (Msb.) ― -b6- In a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, the phrase daEaA bikuborihi means He summoned his sheykhs, and elders, or great men: kubor being here [notwithstanding what has been said above,] pl. of A^akobaru, like as HumorN is pl. of A^aHomaru. (TA.) ― -b7- h`*ihi AljaAriyapu mino kuboraY banaAti fulaAnK means, [This girl is of those advanced in age of the daughters of such a one,] mino kibaAri banaAtihi. (Ibn-Buzurj.) ― -b8- huwa A^akobaru qawomihi: see kiborapN. : see kiborapN. and A^akobir~apN: see kiborapN; the former, in two places. : see kaborapN. and makoburapN: see kabobarpN. He has had it (his property) taken from him by force. (A, TA.) , as an epithet applied to God, signifies The Great in majesty: (A:) or the Most Excellent of beings, who has rights which no other has; the Possessor of power and excellence the like of which no other possesses: (TA:) or He whose acts are really good, exceeding the good acts of any other: (El-Basáïr:) or, as also ↓ Alkabiyru, the Majestic: or He who disdains having the attributes of created beings: or He who magnifies Himself against the proud and exorbitant among his creatures: the t in the former word is to denote individuation, not endeavour. (TA.) kbrt He smeared his camel over with kiboriyt [or sulphur], (K,) mixed with grease, and with xaDaxaAD, which is a kind of nifoT [or naphtha], black, and of a thin consistence; not qaTiraAn; for this is the black, thick, expressed juice of a certain tree. (TS.) This is done to cure the scab, for the removal of which it is very efficacious. (TA.) [Brimstone, or sulphur;] a thing well known; (S, art. kbr;) one of the kinds of stone with which fire is kindled, or it (red kbryt TA) is a mineral whereof the mine is beyond EtTubbat, [or the country of Et-Tibbet, in Tartary,] in the Valley of the Ants, (K,) by which Solomon passed, (TA,) [as related in the Kur, xxvii. 18]: or [the product of] a spring, or source, whereof the water, when it congeals, becomes white, and yellow, and dusky-coloured, kbryt: (Lth, in the T:) MF says, I have seen it in several places; among these, in one which is near El-Maláleeh, between Fás and Miknáseh; by swimming in which, persons are cured of the venereal disease, and other disorders: also in Africa Proper, in the midst of Barkah, in a place called Albrj; and in other places: (TA:) Aristotle says, that, among the different kinds of kbryt are the red, of an excellent colour; and the white, which resembles dust; and the yellow: the source of the red is in the West: it does not appear in its place: the yellow is found near the ocean, a league (or leagues, as in the TA,) from it: it is useful in cases of epilepsy, and apoplexy, and megrim, and palpitation: and it enters into the preparations of gold: the white blackens white substances; and it is sometimes mixed and concealed in the sources of running water, which sources have a fetid odour: the person who plunges into these waters in times when the air is temperate is cured by them of wounds, and swellings, and scab, and wind in the womb, and [the leprosy called] salaE, that arises from black bile: Ibn-Seenà [Avicenna] also says, that kbryt, untouched by fire, is one of the remedies for the leprosy (baraS): that, mixed with the gum of the turpentine-tree, it removes marks on the nails: that, mixed with vinegar, it removes the [leprous-like discolouration of the skin called] bahaq, and the ringworm, or tetter, (quwabaA',) especially with the gum of the turpentine-tree: that, with natron and water, it is an embrocation for the baraS [or, as in the TA, for the niqoris, or gout): and that fumigation therewith stops a rheum: and others say, that, if yellow kbryt be powdered, and sprinkled upon a place affected with slEp, it has a good effect: that fumigation therewith whitens the hair: that serpents and fleas flee from the scent of it, especially if [mixed] with an unguent, or with the hoof of an ass; and that the fumigation therewith beneath a citrontree of the kind called A^utoruj~ causes all the fruits of it to fall. (El-Kazweenee.) Several authors say, that the t in kbryt is an augmentative letter, and that the proper place of the word is in art. kbr. IDrd thinks it to be not genuine Arabic. (TA.) [Golius thinks it to be from the Persian kuwkurodo (or kuwkurodo): or rather, he adds, from the Hebrew נּפְּרִיח Gen. xix. 24.] ― -b2- A^aEaz~umina Alkiboriyti AlA^aHomari [More rare than red brimstone, or sulphur]. A proverb. Some say, that kbryt AHmr [meaning as above] is a thing that does not exist: others, that by it is meant gold. (Meyd.) This phrase is similar to A^aEaz~u mino bayoDi AlA^anuwqi. (S, art. kbr.) ― -b3- kiboriytN also signifies gold: (K:) [see above:] or red gold: or red [as an epithet applied to gold]: (TA:) or pure, as an epithet applied to gold. (S, art. kbr.) Ru-beh says, halo yanofaEan~iY ka*ibN sixotiytu A^awo fiD~apN A^awo *ahabN kiboriytu [Will vehement lying profit me, or silver, or pure gold?] (S, art. kbr.) IAar says, Ru-beh imagined that kbryt meant gold: upon which MF observes, that the ancient Arabs erred with respect to meanings, though not with respect to words. The latter author, however, supposes kbryt to be fig. used as signifying gold; for they use the expression Alkbryt AlAHmr [as applied to gold] because gold is [said to be] prepared therefrom, and it is used in alchymical processes. (TA.) ― -b4- kiboriytN also signifies The red jacinth, or ruby; syn. yaAquwtN A^aHomaru. (K.) kbs , (S, A, K,) aor. , (K,) inf. n. kabosN, (S,) He filled up with earth a well, (S, A, K,) and a river, (A, Mgh, K,) and a hollow, or cavity, or pit, dug in the ground. (A, Mgh.) ― -b2- (tropical:) He covered over, or spread, with earth, and made even, a piece of ground: and in like manner, the roof of a house, before plastering it with mud or clay. (Mgh.) ― -b3- [And He spread earth upon a roof &c. (See dak~a.)] -A2- Also, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He pressed, or squeezed, [or kneaded,] a limb with the hand: (TA, art. gmz:) and ↓ kb~s, inf. n. takobiysN, [signifies the same, accord. to present usage: and] (tropical:) he suppled the body [by kneading, or pressing, or squeezing it, as is done in the bath,] with the hands. (TA, in the present art.) ― -b2- And, aor. as above, (tropical:) Inivit unâ vice feminam. (K.) -A3- kabasuwA daAra fulaAnK (tropical:) They made a sudden attack upon the house of such a one, (S, IKtt, * K,) and surrounded it. (K.) And kabasuwA Ealayohimo, and ↓ kb~swA, (tropical:) They threw themselves upon them suddenly and without consideration. (A.) And in like manner, EalaY Al$~aYo'i ↓ kb~swA, and ↓ tk~bswA Ealayohi, (tropical:) They threw themselves upon the thing suddenly and without consideration. (TA.) -A4- kabasa raA^osahu, [aor. as above,] He put his head within his garments: (S:) and kabasa raA^osahu fiY vawobihi he hid his head in his garment, and put it within it: (K:) or he put it on in the manner of a qinaAE, (taqan~aEa,) and then covered himself with part of it. (TA.) You say also, kabasa raA^osahu fiY jayobi qamiySihi, (A,) or biraA^osihi, (TA,) He put his head within the opening at the neck and bosom of his shirt; (A;) and so ↓ tkb~s alone. (TA.) And yakobisu Alr~ajulu vawobahu fiY raA^osihi [app. meaning, The man puts his garment as a covering over his head.] (Sh, TA.) see 1, in three places. [kAbshu, inf. n. mukaAbasapN, app. syn. with maArasahu, or daAfaEahu: see taAyasa.] [quasi-pass. of 2, It was, or became, pressed, or squeezed]. -A2- See also 1, in two places. It (a river, [and a well,] and any hollow, or cavity, or pit, dug in the ground,) became filled up with earth. (Mgh.) Earth with which a well, (S, K,) or river, (K,) or any hollow, or cavity, or pit, dug in the ground, (TA,) is filled up: (S, K, TA:) earth that occupies the place of air. (TA.) A kind of dates, (S, Msb, K,) said to be of the best kind; (Msb;) thus called when dry; but when fresh, called A^um~u jiro*aAnK, which is also the name of the tree that bears them. (TA.) -A2- A kind of women's ornament, made hollow, (A, L, K,) and coated with perfume, (A,) or stuffed with perfume, (L, K,) and then worn; (L;) a necklace being made of ornaments of this kind. (A.) -A3- Als~anapu Alkabiysapu, (S, K,) and EaAmu Alkabiysi, (L, Az, in TA, voce subaATN, q. v.,) [The intercalary year; or leap-year; both in the Syrian, or Julian, reckoning, and in the Coptic;] the year from which, (minohaA,) accord. to the S and K, but properly, for which, (lahaA,) as in the work entitled Alqawolu AlmaA^onuwsu, a day is stolen (yusotaraqu) [and intercalated]; which is [once] in every four years; as in the S and K; for the said day is an addition thereto; (MF, TA;) the year in which the Syrians following the Greeks, add a day to the month subaAT, [which corresponds to February, O. S.,] making it twentynine days instead of twenty-eight, which they do once in four years; (L;) [and that in which the Copts intercalate, at the end, six epagomenæ instead of five, which, in like manner, they do once in every four years.] A raceme, (S, A, Msb, K,) or large raceme, (TA,) of a palm-tree, (A, * Msb, K, *) or of dates, like the Eunoquwd of grapes, (S,) complete, with its $amaAriyx, [or fruit-stalks, pl. of $imoraAxN,] (A, TA,) and its dates: (TA:) pl. kabaAy^isu. (A, Msb.) [A kbAsp of moderate size has about one hundred $mAryx; the longest $mrAx having about fifty dates, and being about two feet and a half in length; and the shortest having about thirty dates, and being about one foot in length.] ― -b2- Also applied by AHn, to (tropical:) A raceme of [the fruit called] fuwfal. (TA.) Charging, attacking, or assaulting. (K, * TA.) You say, jaA='a kaAbisFA He came charging, attacking, or assaulting: (K, * TA:) as also ↓ mukab~isFA, and ↓ mukaAbisFA. (TA.) ― -b2- Throwing himself suddenly and without consideration [upon a person or thing]. (TA.) -A2- A man putting himself within his garment, covering his body with it. (TA.) [Incubus, or nightmare;] what comes upon a man (or rather upon a sleeper, TA,) in the night, (S, K,) preventing his moving while it lasts; (K;) accord. to some, (S,) the forerunner of epilepsy. (S, K.) Some think that this is not Arabic, and that the proper word is nayodulaAnN, and baAruwkN, and jaAvuwmN. (TA.) Hence, app., (TA.) (tropical:) Modus certus coëundi: (K:) or rather, (tropical:) coïtus itself. (TA.) Compact in the head. (AHeyth, T in art. Zrb.) Hanging down his head in his garment: (K, * TA:) or one who throws himself suddenly and without consideration upon others, and assaults them. (K.) See also kaAbisN. : see kaAbisN. kb$ , [aor. , accord. to present usage,] inf. n. kabo$N, He took it with his hand having the fingers contracted; (TA;) [he took by the handful, so used in the present day.] A ram, or male sheep, whatever be his age: (M, TA:) or a male sheep [that has entered his third year,] when he has cast his central incisors: or when his tooth that is next to the central pair of incisors has come forth: (Lth, K:) [also applied in the present day to the wild sheep of the Arabian and Egyptian deserts and mountains; ovis tragelaphus:] pl. [of pauc.] A^akobu$N and A^akobaA$N (K) and [of mult.] kibaA$N (S, A, K) [and app. kubuw$N] and kubuw$apN, like SuquwrapN from SaqorN. (TA.) The female is not called kabo$apN, but naEojapN. (IJ. [See raAjilapN.]) ― -b2- [Hence,] (tropical:) The chief, or lord, of a people, or company of men; (S, K;) their leader: (K:) or their strenuous defender, or protector, and the one of them to whom others look. (TA.) You say, huwa kabo$u Alkatiybapi (A, TA) (tropical:) He is the leader of the army, or troop: (TA:) and humo kibaA$u AlkataAy^ibi (tropical:) [They are the leaders of the armies, or troops]. (A, TA.) And kibaA$N also signifies (tropical:) Heroes, or brave men. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Aged and learned persons. (TA in art. xrf.) ― -b3- [Hence also, (tropical:) A buttress: and a corbel which juts out from a wall to support a superstructure: so in the present day: pl. kubuw$N.] You say, banawoA suwrFA HaSiynFA wawav~aquwhu biAlkubuw$i (tropical:) [They built a strong town-wall, and made it firm with the buttresses]. (A, TA.) [See also another ex. voce faSiylN.] [A handful: a heap: so applied in the the present day. ― -b2- And hence, (assumed tropical:) A gang, or crew: thus, also, applied in the present day. Whence the sayings,] banuw fulaAnK kabo$apu ru*alaA='a (assumed tropical:) [The sons of such a one are a gang of vile persons]: and kabo$apu dunasaA='a (assumed tropical:) [a gang of dirty, or filthy, persons]: thus they use this word to intimate dispraise: but [SM adds,] I know not how this is. (TA.) [Perhaps SM means that he doubts whether the word thus used be classical or not: for as to its signification, it is well known.] An owner, [or a tender] of kibaA$ [or rams]. (TA.) kbE See Supplement kbEv The [thing termed] EafalN of a woman: (K:) a dial. form of qabaEovaApN. (TA.) kbkb See art. kb. [kbl kbn kbw See Supplement kt , (S, K,) aor. , (TA,) inf. n. katiytN, (K,) The cooking-pot boiled: (S, K:) or, made a sound in boiling: (K:) or, made a sound in boiling when the water in it was little; a lower sound than it makes when there is much water boiling in it; as though it said kato kato. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, kat~ati Aljar~apu Aljadiydu, (S,) aor. and inf. n. as above, The new jar made a sound (like kato kato, TA) when water was poured into it. (S.) ― -b3- kat~a, aor. , inf. n. kat~N (TA) and katiytN, (K,) It (nabiy*, K, or another thing, TA,) made a sound in boiling: (K:) or began to boil, before it boiled vehemently. (TA.) -A2- kat~a, aor. , (S,) inf. n. katiytN, (S, K,) He (a bakor, or young camel,) uttered a cry, or a kind of braying, louder than that which is termed ka$iy$N: (S:) or began to utter the kind of braying termed hadiyrN: (K:) As says, that when a male camel has attained the age when he makes the braying cry termed hdyr, his first kind of braying is termed k$y$; and when it is a little louder, it is termed ktyt: Lth says, that he first makes the kind of braying termed ktyt; then, that termed k$y$; and then, that termed hadiyrN: but Az observes, that the correct saying is that of As. (TA.) ― -b2- kat~, aor. , (inf. n. katiytN, S,) He (a camel, S, K, or, as in the L, a bakor, or young camel,) uttered a gentle cry, (S, L, K,) between that termed k$y$ and that termed hdyr. (TA.) ― -b3- He (a calf) lowed. (Nh.) ― -b4- kat~a, aor. , (inf. n. katiytN, K,) [He (a man) made a sound like the gentle braying of a camel,] by reason of rage, or wrath: (S:) or he (a man) made a a sound in his chest like that made by a bakor, or young camel, by reason of vehement rage, or wrath. (K, TA.) ― -b5- kat~a AlkalaAma fiY A^u*unihi, aor. ; and ↓ A^akat~ahu, and ↓ A_ikotat~ahu; He whispered the words in his ear. (K.) ― -b6- kut~aniY AlHadiyva, and ↓ A^akit~aniyhi, Tell me the story as thou heardest it. (TA.) -A3- kat~a, [aor. ,] inf. n. katiytN, (tropical:) He walked gently; at a gentle pace: or he walked with short steps, but quickly; as also ↓ katokata, inf. n. katokatapN; and ↓ takatokata. (K.) -A4- kat~ahu, [aor. ,] He angered him; provoked him to anger; syn. A^arogamahu. (TS, K.) ― -b2- kat~ahu, [aor. ,] He displeased him; grieved him; did to him what he disliked, or hated; did evil to him. (TS, K.) ― -b3- faEala bihi maA kat~ahu He did to him what displeased him, or grieved him. (TA.) -A5- kat~a, aor. , inf. n. kat~N, He numbered, counted, or computed, a people. Mostly used in negative phrases. (TA.) You say A^ataAnaA bijayo$K maA yukat~u He came to us with an army not to be numbered, or counted, (IAar, S,) or computed, or of which the number could not be conjectured, and of which the end could not be reached. (IAar, TA.) ― -b2- laA takut~uhu A^awo takut~a Aln~ujuwma, [in the CK, erroneously, laA takut~uhu A^awo laA takut~u Aln~ujuwma,] Thou canst not number it, [unless thou canst number the stars]. A proverb. (K.) see 1. They pressed together, or crowded together, upon it, with crying, or noise: from Alkatiytu. Occurring in a trad., as related and explained by Z; but the word commonly known is tkAb~wA, with b. (TA.) , inf. n. A_ikotitaAtN, He listened; syn. A_isotamaEa. (K.) ― -b2- Aktt~ AlHadiyva min~iY He heard the story from me like as I heard it. (TA.) See 1. , inf. n. katokatapN, (in the K, katokatN, which is a mistake, TA,) It (a HubaAraY, or bustard,) uttered its cry. (L, K, &c.) -A2- katokata, inf. n. katokatapN, (S, &c.,) He laughed gently, or lowly: (K:) ktktp, in laughing, is less than qahoqahapN: (S:) or like what is termed HaniynN. (Th, El-Ahmar.) ― -b2- katokata fiY DaHikihi He laughed vehemently, immoderately, or excessively; i. q. A^agoraba, q. v. (A.) -A3- See also 1. : see 1. A man or woman having little flesh: you say rajulN kat~N and A_imoraA^apN kat~N. (TA.) Green produce of land. (TS, K.) The worst, or vilest, of camels, or similar property; syn. ru*aAlu AlmaAli. (Fr, K.) ― -b2- kat~apF a [gen?] proper name of A bad she-goat. (Fr, K.) : see 1. -A2- (tropical:) A niggardly, stingy, man: (K:) as also katiytu Alyadayoni: (TA:) from katiytu Alqidori: [see 1:] (IJ:) or a niggardly, stingy, man, of bad disposition, and rageful, or wrathful. (T.) i. q. EaSiydapN [q. v.] (TS, K.) and kutokutaY, both imperfectly declinable, A certain game. (TS, K.) (tropical:) One who walks gently; at a gentle pace: or who walks with short steps, but quickly. (TA.) -A2- A man who talks much (K) and quickly. (TA.) ktA^ : see kavaA^at. A plant resembling the jirojiyrN, [or rocket], (K,) which is cooked and eaten. (TA.) But AM says it is kavoA^apN, with v; and it is also called nahoqN, accord. to Aboo-Málik and others. (TA.) (but accord. to some, this is from knt) A strong rope. (K.) [But see art. kdA^.] ― -b2- Also, A man having a large and thick, or a handsome, beard. (K.) Said to be a dial. form of kinovaA^owN. (TA.) ktb , aor. , inf. n. katobN and kitaAbN and kitaAbapN (S, K) and kitobapN; (Msb;) the first of these inf. ns. agreeable with analogy; the second, anomalous; (TA;) or the latter of these two is a subst., like libaAsN; (Lh;) or originally an inf. n., and afterwards used in the senses given below; (MF;) as also kitaAbapN, and kitobapN: (TA:) and ↓ kt~bhu (K) and ↓ Akttbhu; (S, K;) He wrote it: (S, K:) or katabahu has this signification; and ↓ Akttbhu, as also ↓ Astktbhu, signifies he asked [one] to dictate it (A_isotamolaAhu): (K:) ↓ A_ikotatabahaA in the Kur, xxv. 6, signifies he hath written them (S) for himself: (Bd:) or he hath asked [one] to write them for him, or to dictate them to him. (TA, Bd.) ― -b2- kataba Eanohu [He wrote what he had heard, or learned from him.] A phrase of common occurrence in biographies. ― -b3- kataba [He was a writer, or scribe, and a learned man. (Implied in the S, where we are referred to the Kur, lii. 41, and lxviii., 47, in illustration of kaAtibN as signifying “ a learned man. ”)] -A2- kataba, aor. , inf. n. kitaAbN, q. v., (assumed tropical:) He (God) prescribed, appointed, or ordained, (TA,) and made obligatory. (Msb.) kutiba Ealayokumu AlqiSaASu The law of retaliation is prescribed, appointed, or ordained, as a law of which the observance is incumbent on you. (Kur, ii. 173.] kutiba Ealayokumu AlS~iyaAmu Fasting is prescribed as incumbent on you. [Kur. ii. 179.] (TA.) ― -b2- kataba Ealayohi ka*aA (tropical:) He judged, passed sentence, or decreed, against him that he should do such a thing. (A.) ktb AlqaADiY biAln~afaqapi The judge gave sentence that the expenses should be paid. (Msb.) -A3- kataba, aor. , inf. n. katobN, He drew together; brought together; conjoined. (S.) ― -b2- Hence, kataba Albagolapa, aor. and , inf. n. katobN, He conjoined the oræ of the mule's vulva by means of a ring or a thong; (S;) as also kataba EalayohaA. (A.) kataba, aor. and , (K,) inf. n. katobN; and kataba EalayohaA; (TA;) He closed the camel's vulva, (K,) and put a ring upon it: (TA:) or he put a ring of iron or the like upon it, (K,) conjoining the oræ, in order that she might not be covered. (TA.) ― -b3- kataba, aor. , inf. n. katobN; (S;) and ↓ Akttb; (K;) He sewed a qirobap, (S,) or a siqaA=', (K,) or a mazaAdap, (TA,) with two thongs: (K:) or, accord. to some, he closed it at the mouth, by binding it round with a wikaA', so that nothing [of its contents] should drop from it; (TA;) [as also ↓ Aktb:] or ktb signifies he sewed a qrbp; and ↓ Aktb, he bound it with a wkA=', i. e. bound it round the upper part. (Lh.) ― -b4- kataba, aor. , inf. n. katobN; (S;) and ↓ Aktb (S, K) and ↓ Akttb (TA) (tropical:) He bound a qirobap with a wikaA'; (S;) he bound it round the head, or upper part: (K:) or the first of these verbs signifies he sewed a qrbp. (Lh.) See above. IAar says, I heard an Arab of the desert say, A^akotabotu fama ↓ Als~iqaA' falamo yasotakotibo I bound the mouth of the sqA', but it did not become fast bound, or closed, because of its hardness and thickness. (TA.) -A4- kataba Aln~aAqapa He used art to make the she-camel take a liking to that which was not her own young one, and put something as a ring through her nostrils, lest she should smell the baw~, (in some copies of the K, bawol; but this is a mistake; TA,) and not have a fondness for it. (TA.) -A5- kataba (tropical:) He collected a katiybap. (TA.) See also 2. See 1 and 4 -A2- kt~b Aln~aAqapa, inf. n. takotiybN, He tied the udder of the camel. (AZ, S.) -A3- kt~b AlkataAy^iba, inf. n. takotiybN; (S, K;) and ↓ katabahaA; (TA;) (tropical:) He prepared the troops; (K;) he disposed the troops in order, troop by troop. (S.) and ↓ takaAtubN are syn.: (S, K:) you say, kAtb Sadiyqahu He wrote to his friend: and ↓ tkAtbA They wrote, one to the other. (TA.) ― -b2- kAtbhu, inf. n. mukaAtabapN (Az, K, Msb) and kitaAbN, (Az, Msb,) (tropical:) He (a slave) made a written [or other] contract with him (his master), that he (the former) should pay a certain sum as the price of himself, and on the payment thereof be free: (K, &c.:) also he (a master) made such a contract with him (his slave): (Az, Msb, &c.:) and ↓ tkAtbA They two made such a contract, one with the other. (Msb.) The slave in this case is called mukaAtabN (S, Msb) and also mukaAtibN; and so is the master; the act being mutual. (Msb.) [But the lawyers in the present day call the slave mukaAtabN only; and the master, mukaAtibN.] AlkitaAbapu, signifying “ what is written, ” is tropically used by the professors of practical law as syn. with AlmukaAtabapu, because the contract above mentioned was generally written; and is so used by them when nothing is written. It was thus called in the age of el-Islám, accord. to Az. These two words are said by Z to be syn.; but it is thought that he may have written the former by mistake for AlkitaAbu, adding the p by a slip of the pen. (Msb.) He dictated. (S, K.) Ex. A^akotiboniY h`*ihi AlqaSiydapa Dictate to me this ode. (S.) ― -b2- Aktb and ↓ kt~b He taught the art of writing. (K.) -A2- See also 1, in three places. (tropical:) He girded himself, and drew together his garments upon him. (TA.) -A2- tkt~b (tropical:) It (an army, S) collected itself together. (S, K.) see 3. See 1. ― -b2- kitobapN [is a quasi-inf. n. of 8; syn. with A_ikotitaAbN; and is explained as signifying] The writing a book, transcribing it [from another book]: (A_ikotitaAbuka kitaAbFA tanosaxuhu). (K.) ― -b3- It also signifies, [as a quasi-inf. n. of 8,] The writing one's name in [the list of those who receive] stipend and maintenance (AlkttAb fY AlfrD wAlrzq [ASHAb]). (TA.) ― -b4- Akttb He registered himself in the book of the Sultán's army-list, or stipendiaries. (S, K.) A_ikotatabotu fiY gazowapi ka*aA I wrote down my name in the list of the soldiers of such an expedition. (TA, from a trad.) ― -b5- Akttb kitaAbFA He asked for a book (or the like) to be written for him. (TA.) See also 10. -A2- Akttb (tropical:) His urine was suppressed. (TA.) ― -b2- Akttb baTonuhu (tropical:) He was constipated, or costive; (TA;) his belly was constipated. (K.) He asked him to write a thing for him. (S.) See also 1 and 8. -A2- With reference to a siqaA' (or skin), see 1. (tropical:) A thong with which one sews (K) a mazaAdap or a qirobap: pl. kutabN. (TA.) ― -b2- That with which the vulva of a camel (or of a mule, TA,) is closed in order that she may not be covered: (K:) pl. kutabN. (TA.) ― -b3- A seam or suture, (KL, PS,) in a skin or hide; (KL;) [app. made by sewing together two edges so that one laps over the other;] a xurozapN (S, Mgh, K) whereof the thong conjoins the two faces [or sides]: (K:) or a xrzp that is joined together with a thong: (Lth:) or that whereof the thong conjoins each of the two faces [or sides]: (ISd, TA:) pl. kutabN. (S, Mgh.) : see 1 and 8. ― -b2- [Also, agreeably with analogy, A mode, or manner, of writing.] [ , meaning A bookseller, is a vulgar term, like SuHufiY~N: by rule it should be kitaAbiY~N.] [inf. n. of 1, q. v. ― -b2- as a subst.,] A thing in which, or on which, one writes: [a book:] a written piece of paper or [a record, or register; and a written mandate;] of skin: (K:) a writing, or writ, or thing written; as also ↓ katiybapN: and both are applied also to the revelation from above: and to a letter, or epistle, which a person writes and sends: sometimes made fem., as meaning SaHiyfapN: AA says, I heard an Arab of the desert, of El-Yemen, say, fulaAnN laguwbN jaA='atohu kitaAbiY faA@HotaqarahaA Such a one is stupid: my letter came to him, and he despised it: so I said, Dost thou say, jA'th ktAbY? and he replied, Is it not a SHyfp? (Msb.) Pl. kutubN and kutobN. (S.) ― -b3- A revealed scripture. (Msb.) [Whence A^aholu kitaAbK People having a revealed scripture: and A^aholu AlkitaAbi The people of the Bible. See also A^aholN.] AlktAb signifies The taworAp, or Pentateuch, or Mosaic Law: (K:) and the Gospel, or Book of the Gospels: the Scriptures of the Jews and Christians: (Expositions of the Kur, passim:) and the Kur-án. (TA.) ― -b4- See also 3. -A2- kitaAbN [inf. n., or subst.: see 1] Divine prescript, appointment, or ordinance: judgment, or sentence: fatal decree, or predestination. (S, K.) laA^aqoDiyan~a bayonakumaA bikitaAbi All~`hi I will assuredly determine, or judge, between you two according to the judgment, or sentence, of God, which hath been revealed in his book. A trad., not relating to the Kur-án. (TA.) El-Jaadee says, yaA A@bonapa Eam~iY kitaAbu All~`hi A^axorajaniY Eanokumo wahalo A^amonafan~a All~`ha maA faEalaA [O daughter of my paternal uncle! the decree of God hath expelled me from you: and could I indeed forbid God to do what He hath done?] (S.) [Hence,] AlkitaAbu AlA^aw~alu [The first writing; meaning the register of God's decrees]. (M and K voce maHobalN, q. v.) ― -b2- A receptacle for ink. (K). A skin that is sewed (S) with two thongs: (TA:) and the same, and ↓ mukotabN, (S,) and ↓ mukotatabN, (TA,) (tropical:) A skin bound with a wikaA'; (S;) closed at the mouth, by its being bound with a wikaA', so that nothing [of its contents] may drop from it. (TA.) subst. from 1; signifying The art of writing. (IAar, Msb.) ― -b2- See also 3. see kitaAbN. -A2- An army; a military force: (S, K:) or a collected portion thereof; (Msb;) [a body of troops; a corps:] or a troop: or a troop of horse making a hostile attack or incursion, in number from a hundred to a thousand: (K:) pl. kataAy^ibu. (S.) , see makotabN -A2- The same, (S, K,) as also kuv~aAbN, q. v., but the former is the more approved: (S: the reverse, however, is said in the TA; and MF says that some authors altogether reject kt~Ab, with t, in the sense here following:) A kind of small, round-headed, arrow, with which boys learn to shoot. (S, K.) [A writer; a scribe; a secretary]: pl. kaAtibuwna and kut~aAbN and katabapN. (S, K.) ― -b2- A learned man (S, K) was so called by the Arabs, (IAar,) because, in general, he who knew the art of writing was possessed of science and knowledge; and writers among them were few. (TA.) (S, K) and ↓ kut~aAbN (Lth, S, &c.) A school; a place where the art of writing is taught: (S, K, &c.:) accord. to Mbr and F, the assigning this signification to the latter word is an error; it being a pl. of kaAtibN, and signifying, accord. to Mbr, the boys of a school: in the A it is said, this word is said to signify the boys; not the place: but Esh-Shiháb says, in the Sharh esh-Shifa, that it occurs in this sense in the classical language, and is not to be regarded as a postclassical word: it is said to be originally a pl. of kaAtibN, and to be fig. employed to signify a school. (TA.) Pl. of the former makaAtibu; (TA;) and of the latter kataAtiybu. (S.) : see katiybN. A teacher of the art of writing. (S.) , and makotuwbN EalayohaA, A mule that has the oræ of her vulva conjoined by means of a ring or a thong. (A.) See also 1. A bunch of grapes and the like of which a part has been eaten. (K, TA.) : see katiybN. Swollen, and full. (K.) ktd and katidN [The upper part of the back, above, or between, the shoulders:] the part where the two shoulder-blades come [or approach] together; in a man and a horse (L, K) and a lion: (L:) or the part between the base of the neck and the shoulder-blades: (A:) or the part between the kaAhil [app. here signifying the bas of the neck] and the back; (S, L, K;) as also vabajN: (L:) or the part between the muvab~aj [or place where the pastor puts his stick, or staff, upon his back, putting his arms and hands behind it,] and the middle of the kAhl [which app. here signifies the portion of the back comprising its six upper vertebræ]: or the part from the base of the neck to the bottom of the shoulder-blades, comprising the kaAvibap and vbj and kAhl: (L:) or the kAhl itself: (L, K:) or the upper part of the shoulder-blade: (L:) pl. A^akotaAdN and kutuwdN. (L, K.) ― -b2- naHomiluhu EalaY AlA^akobaAdi faDolFA Eani AlA^akotaAdi [We will carry it upon the livers; much more upon the upper parts of the backs]. (A.) ― -b3- wal~awohumo A^akotaAdahumo They turned their backs upon them, retreating and routed. (A.) ― -b4- Alkatadu (tropical:) A certain star, (S, L, K) [g] in the part called the ktd of the constellation Leo. (L.) ― -b5- humo A^akotaAdN They are companies, or congregated bodies: (L, K:) or, distinct bodies, or parties, or troops: as also A^akodaAdN: (L:) or, like each other; (L, K:) not differing, one from another: (TA:) or, quick, or swift, one party of them following immediately after another: (L, K:) AktAd has no sing.: (K:) it is said to be either A^akodaAdN mispronounced, or a dial. form of this latter word. (MF.) Having the place called the katad prominent. (L, K.) ktE ktf ktl ktm ktn See Supplement kv , [aor. ,] inf. n. kavaAvapN, It (a thing) became thick, or dense. (S.) ― -b2- kav~a, aor. , inf. n. kuvuwvapN and kavaAvapN; and kav~a, originally kaviva, aor. , inf. n. kavavN; It (hair) became thick, or dense, without being long. (Msb.) ― -b3- kav~ati All~iHoyapu, (aor. , TA, or , A,) inf. n. kavaAvapN and kuvuwvapN and kavavN, (and kav~N, TA,) The beard became thick, or dense; and short and crisp; (K;) not spreading. (TA.) -A2- kav~a bisaloHihi Alvum dejecit. (K.) and ↓ kavokava He became thick, or dense, in the beard. (K.) Thick, or dense. (K.) ― -b2- liHoyapN kav~apN, (IDrd, S, K,) and ↓ kav~aA='u, (S, K,) A thick, or dense, beard. (IDrd, &c.) ― -b3- rajulN kav~u All~iHoyapi, (S, K,) and AllHyp ↓ kaviyvu, (K,) and ↓ rajulN A^akav~u, (Lth,) and kav~N, (Lth, K,) A man having a thick, or dense, beard; (S, K;) not one that is thin or long. (TA.) You say qawomN kuv~N, A thick-bearded people: (S. K:) [kuv~N being pl. of kav~N:] like as you say rajulN Sadoqu All~iqaA='i, and qawomN SudoqN: (S:) [or of A^akav~u:] kivaAvN is also pl. of kavN. (K.) ― -b4- A_imoraA^apN kav~apN, and ↓ kav~aA='u, A woman having thick, or dense, hair. (IDrd.) ― -b5- By All~ihama AlkivaAva, occurring in a verse cited in art. Hwv, is meant [The thick, or dense,] plants. (TA.) ― -b6- Thaalabeh Ibn-'Obeyd El-'Adawee applies the epithet kav~ap to palm-trees, using the expression kav~apu AlA^awobaAri; thus likening them to camels. (TA.) ― -b7- quduwmuhu EalaY kav~i manoxirihi i. q. EalaY ragomi A^anofihi [His coming is in spite of himself]. (TA.) [so in the L and TA: in the former, in a restored portion of a leaf:] Dust: mentioned by El-Khattábee as being considered by him not of established authority. (TA.) Land (A^aroDN) abounding in dust. (K.) What grows from that which is scattered, or from that which falls about, of what is reaped. (K.) [See also zir~iyEN.] Alvum dejiciens. (TA.) and kivokivN Crumbled particles of stone; and dust: (S, K:) like A^avolabN and A_ivolibN: (S:) or fine dust; and crumbled particles of stone: or dust in general. (TA.) One says bifiyhi Alkvkvu [In his mouth are crumbled particles of stone, and dust: app. meaning he is dead and buried]. (S.) [See also kvAv.]. and kavokavaY A certain game played with dust. (K.) : see kav~N. kvA^ , aor. , (AZ, S, K,) inf. n. kavo'N; (S;) (as also kavaEa; TA;) and ↓ kv~A^, inf. n. takoviy^apN; (S, L, K;) It (the milk) rose above the water, and the latter became clear beneath it: (AZ, S, K;) it (the milk) became thick, or coagulated, and its oily matter floated upon its surface. (TA.) ― -b2- kavaA^ati Alqidoru, (S, K,) inf. n. kavo'N, (S,) The pot frothed, or raised a scum, in boiling. (AZ, S, K.) ― -b3- kavaA^a Alqidora He skimmed the pot. (K.) -A2- kavaA^a, (K,) inf. n. kavo'N; (TA;) and ↓ kv~A^, inf. n. takoviy^apN; (K;) It (a plant, S, K, and the soft kind of hair called wabar, S) grew forth, or became dense and thick and long: (K:) it (standing corn, &c.) became thick and tangled. (TA.) ― -b2- kavaA^ati All~iHoyapu, and ↓ kv~A^t, and ↓ kanovaA^at, (K,) or, accord. to some, kntA^t, (TA,) The beard became long and large (K.) , inf. n. takoviYo'N, He ate what is called kavoA^ap, (K,) i. e. what is on the top of milk. (S, TA.) ― -b2- And see 1 in three places. A kind of A^aqiT; what rises (from the milk) above the water, the latter becoming clear beneath it; or what becomes thick, or coagulated, its oily matter floating upon the surface, (yakovaA^u,) in the pot, and is poured out; the upper part whereof is gross, or thick. So says AHát; and he adds, What is termed mSrE [evidently, I think, a mistranscription for muDar~iEN,] is what becomes thick, or coagulated, and almost thoroughly cooked: EAqd is that of which the water has gone, and which is thoroughly cooked: kariyS is that which is cooked with nahoq or HamaSiyS: maSol is a kind of AqT cooked again: and vawor is a great piece of it. (TA.) and kavoA^apN (like kvEp, TA) Oily scum, or floating curd, of milk; or what floats above the water: (S, K, TA:) scum of a pot, after boiling. (TA.) ― -b2- xu*o kavA^pa qidorika Take the scum of thy pot. (S.) [See 2.] -A2- kavoA^apN and kavaApN (K) The leek, syn. kur~aAv: or, as some say, the wild carrot, syn. HinozaAb: (TA:) or the rocket, syn. jirojiyr: (K:) or, accord. to AM, the seed of that plant: (TA:) or wild rocket, syn. jirojiyr bar~iY~; (K;) not that which is cultivated in gardens. (TA.) Aboo-Málik says, that it is also called nahoq. (TA.) [See also katoA^ap.] A long and large beard. (TA.) ― -b2- kanovaA^u All~iHoyapi Having a long and large beard. (TA.) i. q. kinotaA^owN, [q. v. in art. ktA^]. (K.) kvb , aor. and , inf. n. kavobN, He collected it together, (S, K,) from a near place. (TA.) kuviba bayonanaA [It (referring to a quantity of dates, sent by Mohammad,) was collected together among us;] meaning, it was left collected together before us. (TA, from a trad.) kavaba Alqawoma He collected together the people. (Msb.) ― -b2- kavabahu, aor. and , inf. n. kavobN, He poured it out, or forth. (K.) He collected it together from a near place, and poured it out, or forth. (TA.) ― -b3- He scattered dust, or earth, part over part. (Lth.) ― -b4- kavaba, aor. , inf. n. kavobN, He scattered corn or other food. (AZ.) ― -b5- kavaba kinaAnatahu He turned his quiver upside down, and scattered its contents. (K.) In one copy of the K, explained by nkvhA; but this is a mistake: the right reading is nakabahaA. (TA.) ― -b6- kavaba, aor. and , inf. n. kavobN, It (a people, TA,) collected itself together, or congregated. (K.) -A2- kavabN, aor. and , inf. n. kavobN, He entered. (K.) Ex. kavabuwA lakumo They entered among you. From [kavabN as signifying] “ nearness. ” (TA.) ― -b2- kavaba Ealayohi He charged upon him, and returned against him after retiring from him: (K:) or he drew near to him, and charged upon him, &c. (TA.) See also 4. -A3- kavaba labanuhaA Her milk became little; (K;) either in a case of [usual] copiousness or paucity. (TA.) , inf. n. takoviybN, It [a number of things, or a quantity,] was, or became, few, or little. The inf. n. is explained in the K by the word qil~ap; but this, says SM, I do not find in the [other] lexicons. (TA.) see 4. , and Akvb lahu, and minohu, (K,) and A_ilayohi, and ↓ kavabahu, (TA,) and ↓ kAvbhu, (K,) He drew near to, or approached, him or it. (K.) A_i*aA kavabuwkumo faA@romuwhumo biAln~aboli When they draw near to you, shoot at them with arrows. (TA, from a trad.) [You say] A^akovabaka AlS~ayodu qaA@romihi, (S, * K,) and A^akovaba laka, (TA,) The game hath enabled thee [to shoot it]; (S;) or made thee to have its kaAvibap within thy power, or reach; (K;) or drawn near to thee and enabled thee [to take advantage of it]; (TA;) [so shoot at it]. In some copies of the K, for Akvbk, we read kavabaka; but the former is the right reading, though the two verbs are syn. The phrase is a proverb. (TA.) -A2- Akvbhu He gave him to drink a kuvobap (K) of milk. (TA.) It (sand) collected. (S.) ― -b2- Ankvb fiyhi It (anything) poured out, or forth, or was, or became, poured out, or forth, into it, (S,) and collected. (TA.) ― -b3- Ankvb It (dust, or earth,) was, or became, scattered, part over part. (Lth.) Nearness [with respect to place]. (S, K.) The b in this word is sometimes changed into m. (Msb.) huwa ka$abaka He is near thee. Sb says that it is not used otherwise than as an adverbial noun of place. But you say, huwa yaromiY mino kavabK He shoots, or throws, from a near spot, and from a distance from which he can reach, or hit. (TA.) A portion, or quantity, of corn or other food, (or of dates, TA,) or dust, or earth, &c., (K), after it has been little. (TA.) ― -b2- Anything collected together, (K,) of corn or other food, &c., after it has been little. (S.) ― -b3- A little of milk, &c.: (A'Obeyd) or a little of water and of milk: or a gulp, or draught, remaining in a vessel: (K:) or the quantity of one milking: (S:) or the quantity that is contained in a bowl or cup of the kind called qadaH, of milk, (AZ, S, K,) and of water: (K:) pl. kuvabN. (S.) A_iHotalabuwA kuvabFA They milked a little from each ewe. (AHát.) One says of a man who comes to seek food as a guest under the pretence of demanding a woman in marriage, A_in~ahu layaxoTubu kuvobapF [Verily he sues for a little milk, &c.] (IAar.) -A2- A depressed tract of land between mountains. (K.) Dust, or earth, (turaAbN): (K, as in the Calc. ed. and in a MS. copy:) or one of the names of $araAb [by which, app., is here meant wine]. (So accord. to the TA, which does not mention the former reading in the K.) Many, or much: (K:) a syn. of kubaAbN, q. v.: you say naEamN kuvaAbN, meaning Many camels, or camels and sheep or goats. (TA.) : see kuv~aAbN. A thing collected together. (Msb.) ― -b2- A hill, or heap, of sand: (S, K:) or an oblong and gibbous hill of sand: or an extended gibbous hill [or an elevated expanse] of sand: or what has collected, of sand, and assumed a gibbous shape: (TA:) or what has poured down, of sand, into a place, and collected there: (S:) [less than what is called EaqanoqalN, q. v.:] pl. kuvobaAnN (S, K) and kuvubN and A^akovibapN: (K:) [the last a pl. of pauc.]. ― -b3- wkaAnati AljibaAlu kaviybFA muhiylFA [Kur, lxxiii. 14,] signifies And the mountains shall be sand, whereof the lower part being shaken, it shall pour down upon thee from above. (Fr.) ― -b4- valaAvapN EalaY kuvubi Almisoki, or kuvobaAni Almsk, [Three (descriptions of men shall be, on the day of resurrection,) on hills, or heaps, of musk]. (TA, from a trad.) : see kuv~aAbN. (S, art. ktb, and K) and ↓ kat~aAbN, (K,) as also kut~aAbN, q. v., An arrow having neither head nor feathers, (As, K,) with which boys play: (As, TA:) or a common arrow. (TA.) [You say,] maA ramaAhu bikuv~aAbK He did not shoot at him with an arrow: or, as some say, a small arrow is here meant. (L.) A proverb, which is related as above: but accord. to the K., ↓ maA ramaY bikivaAbK He did not shoot, or throw anything; an arrow or other thing. (TA.) and kanovabN: see arts. kvnt and knvb. The minosaj (or part below the HaArik, which latter is the withers, or the upper part thereof, &c.,) of a horse: (K:) or the fore part of the mnsj of a horse, where the hand of the horseman falls [when he mounts]: (S:) or the elevated part of the mnsj: or the part from the root of the neck to the part between the shoulders: or the place where the shoulders unite, before the saddle; [i. e. the withers]: pl. kawaAvibu (TA) and A^akovaAbN: (K:) but of the latter pl. ISd remarks, I know not how this is. (TA.) yaDaEuwna rimaAHahumo EalaY kawaAvibi xayolihimo [They put their spears upon the withers of their horses]. The last of the above explanations is here assigned to kwAvb. (TA, from a trad.) kvr , aor. , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. kavorapN (Msb, TA) and kivorapN, or this is erroneous, (Msb,) [and perhaps kuvorapN, and kuvorN, or these are simple substs., (see kavorapN, below,)] and kavaArapN, (TA,) It was, or became, much, copious, abundant, many, numerous, great in number or quantity; it multiplied; it accumulated. (S, K, TA.) kavuruwA Ealayohi fagalabuwhu [They multiplied against him and overcame him.] (TA in art. grq). [kavura minohu ka*aA Such a thing proceeded from him, or was done by him, much, or often.] See also 4. -A2- kaAvaruwhumo fakavaruwhumo: see 3. see 4. , (S, K,) inf. n. of the former, mukaAvarapN, (S,) [and aor. of the latter, accord. to analogy, ,] They contended with them for superiority in number, and overcame them therein, (S, K, TA,) or surpassed, or exceeded, them in number. (TA.) -A2- See also 10. He made it much, abundant, many, or numerous, he multiplied it; as also ↓ kv~rhu, (Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. takoviyrN. (K.) ― -b2- A^akovarotu mina Al$~aYo'i and minohu ↓ Astkvrtu signify the same; (S, Msb;) i. e., A^akovarotu fiEolahu [I did the thing much; lit., I made the doing of it much]: or A^akovarotu mina AlA^akoli wanaHowihi [I ate, and the like, much] presents an instance of pleonasm, [being for A^akovarotu AlA^akola wanaHowahu,] accord. to the opinion of the Koofees: or it is an instance of explication [of the vague signification of the verb], accord. to the opinion of the Basrees; the objective complement being suppressed, and the complete phrase being A^akovarotu AlfiEola mina AlA^akoli: and so in the like cases. (Msb.) [You say also A^akovara fiY AlkalaAmi He spoke, or talked, much; was profuse, or immoderate, in speech, or talk. And in like manner, fiY AlA^amori ↓ kavura He did, acted, or occupied himself, much in the affair.] ― -b3- Akvr [as an intrans. v.] signifies A^ataY bikaviyrK [He brought, or he did, or he said, much]. (K.) ― -b4- Also, [He became rich; he abounded in property;] his property became much, or abundant. (S, Msb, K.) -A2- Akvr It (a palm-tree) produced, or put forth, its TaloE [or spadix], (S, K,) i. e., its kavar, whence the verb. (TA.) -A3- [maA A^akovara maAlahu How abundant is his wealth! or how numerous are his cattle!] [He endeavoured to acquire much, or abundance, of a thing]. You say tkv~r mina AlEilomi liyaHofaZa [He endeavoured to acquire much knowledge, in order that he might preserve it in his memory]. And takv~r minohu liyafohama [He endeavoured to acquire much thereof in order that he might understand]. (A.) See also 10. ― -b2- He made a vain, or false, boast of abundance, or riches; or a boast of more than he possessed; and invested himself with that which did not belong to him. (TA, voce ta$ab~aEa, which signifies the same.) You say tkv~r bimaA layosa Einodahu He made a boast of abundance, or riches, which he did not possess; syn. ta$ab~aEa. (Msb, art. $bE.) And fulaAnN yatakav~aru bimaAli gayorihi [Such a one makes a vain or false show of abundance or riches with the wealth or property of another]. (S.) i. q. 3 [but relating to more than two]. (S.) [You say takaAtaruwA They contended, one with another, for superiority in number.] Alt~akaAvuru in the Kur, ci. 1, signifies The contending together for superiority in [the amount or number of] property and children and men. (Jel.) -A2- takaAvarato A^amowaAluhu [His riches multiplied by degrees]. (A.) ― -b2- tkAvr Ealayohi Aln~aAsu faqaharuwhu [The people multiplied by degrees against him, and overcame him, or subdued him]. (TA.) He desired, or wished for, much of the thing. (K.) You say Astkvr mina AlmaAli [He desired, or wished for, much of the property]. (A.) ― -b2- Astkvrhu AlmaA='i, and AlmaA='a ↓ kAvrhu, He desired of him for himself much of the water that he might drink of it: (K:) and so if the water were little. (TA.) ― -b3- Astkvr mina Al$~Yu'i also signifies i. q. A^akovara minohu, q. v. (S, Msb.) ― -b4- Also Astkvrhu He reckoned it much, abundant, or many. (Msb.) You say huwa yasotakoviru Alfaliyla [He reckons little, or few, much, abundant, or many]. (A.) It (dust) was, or became, much, or abundant. (S.) See kuwovarN. : see kaviyrN. -A2- See also kavarN. : see kavorapN. -A2- The greater, or greatest, or main, part, of a thing; the most thereof. (K.) : see kavorapN. (S, Msb, K) and ↓ kavorN (Msb, K) The heart, or pith, (syn. jum~aArN, S, Msb, K, and $aHomN, and ja*abN, TA,) of a palm-tree: (S, Msb, K:) of the dial. of the Ansár: (TA:) or its spadix; syn. TaloEN. (S, Msb, K.) , (S, A, K,) and ↓ kivorapN, (K,) or the latter should not be used, for it is a bad dial. form, (S,) or it is correct when coupled with qil~apN, for the sake of assimilation, (TA,) and ↓ kuvorapN, though the first is the best known, (Ibn- 'Allán, in his Sharh el-Iktiráh,) or the last is not allowable, (TA,) and ↓ kuvorN, (S, A, K,) and ↓ kivorN, (S,) Muchness; much, as a subst.; copiousness; abundance; a large quantity; numerousness; multiplicity; multitudinousness; a multitude; a plurality; a large number; numbers; and frequency: contr. of qil~apN. (S, A, K.) [See also kavura.] You say ↓ maA lahu qul~N walaA kuvorN He has not little nor much of property. (S.) And ↓ AlHamodu lil~`hi EalaY Alqul~N waAlkuvori, (S, A,) and ↓ EalaY Alqil~i waAlkivori, (S,) Praise be to God for little and much. (S, * A.) [↓ kuvorN is explained in the S by kaviyrN, and so in one place in the TA; but it is a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates.] ― -b2- kavorapN is also used to signify Richness, or wealthiness; syn. saEapN. (Mgh.) : see kavorapu. : see kavorapu. : see kaviyrN. -A2- Also, and ↓ kivaArN, Companies, or troops, or the like, (K, TA,) of men or animals only. (TA.) You say fiY Ald~aAri kuvaArN mina Aln~aAsi, and kivaArN, In the house are companies of men. (TA.) : see kuvaArN. (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ kuvaArN (S, K) and ↓ kaAvirN and ↓ kavorN and ↓ kayovarN and ↓ kuwovarN (K) Much; copious; abundant; many; numerous; multitudinous. (S, A, Msb, K.) You say xayorN kaviyrN, and ↓ kayovarN, Much, or abundant, good. (A.) And qawomN kaviyrN A numerous party, or people: and humo kaviyruwna They are many. (S.) And rijaAlN kaviyrN, and kaviyrapN, Many men: and nisaA='N kaviyrN, and kaviyrapN, Many women. (Yoo, ISh, Msb.) And ↓ EadadN kaAvirN, (S, Msb,) and, as some say, ↓ kawovarN, (Msb,) and kaviyrN, (K in art. bwl, &c.) A large number. (S, Msb.) And ↓ gubaArN kuwovarN Much dust: (S:) or much confused dust (K, TA) rising and diffusing itself: of the dial. of Hudheyl. (TA.) ― -b2- [A large quantity, or number, mino maAlK wagayorihi of property, or cattle, &c.] ― -b3- kaviyrFA, as an adv., Much; often. (The lexicons passim.) ― -b4- rajulN kvyrN [in the TA kvr: probably the right reading is ↓ kayovarN, q. v.:] A man whose ancestors are many, and whose high deeds are various. (L.) ― -b5- See also muT~aridN. , with p, [as a subst., signifying Much,] is used only in negative phrases; like [its contr.] qaliylapN, q. v. (AZ, in TA, art. ql.) : see kaviyrN, in two places. : see kaviyrN, in three places. -A2- A lord, or master, (S, K,) abounding in good: (S:) a man possessing good, or much good, and who gives much or often; as also ↓ kayovarN. (K, TA.) -A3- A river. (Kr, K.) ― -b2- And Alkawovaru A certain river in paradise, (S, Msb, K,) from which flow all the [other] rivers thereof, (K,) pertaining specially to the Prophet, described as being whiter than milk and sweeter than honey and as having its margin composed of pavilions of hollowed pearls. (TA.) : see kaviyrN, in two places: and kuwovarN. More, and most, in quantity, and in number. (The lexicons passim.) [ Having relation to the greater number of things or cases.] A man possessing wealth: (K:) or possessing much wealth. (A, TA.) A cause of rendering abundant, or multiplying; syn. mavoraApN, q. v. (S, K in art. vrw.) (A, K, TA) and ↓ mikoviyrN, (K, TA,) applied to a man, and to a woman, (A, TA,) Loquacious; talkative; a great talker; (K, TA;) a great babbler. (A.) Overcome in number: (S, * A:) one against whom people have multiplied by degrees (vakaAvaruwA Ealayohi) so that they have overcome or subdued him. (TA.) ― -b2- makovuwrN Ealayohi [A place thronged]. ― -b3- fulaAnN makovuwrN Ealayohi Such a one has spent what he had, and claims upon him have become numerous: (S:) or such a one has many seekers of his beneficence. (A.) See also ma$ofuwfN. : see mikovaArN. kvE See Supplement kvEb (as also kaEovabN, TA,) A woman having a large pubes, (K,) or pudendum. (TA.) (as also kaEovabN, TA,) A large, (and full, and prominent, TA,) pubes, (K,) or pudendum. (TA.) kvf kvl kvm See Supplement kvnb , as also kanovabN, Hard, and strong, or robust: (K:) but most of the writers on inflexion consider its n augmentative. (TA.) kH Anything pure, mere, unadulterated, or genuine; (L;) i. q. quH~N, (L, K,) of which it is a dial. form: (S:) [but see what follows, and quH~N]. EarabiY~N kuH~N A pure, or genuine, Arab: fem. Earabiy~apN kuH~apN: (S, K:) pl. A^akoHaAHN: you say A^aEoraAbN AkHAHN: (L:) [or this is not said: see quH~N:] Yaakoob asserts, that the k in kuH~N is substituted for the q in quH~N: (L:) [and if so, the former is not a dial. form of the latter]. EabodN kuH~N A mere, or genuine, slave; of purely servile race. (L.) and kiHokiHN A decrepit old woman: (S, K:) a she-camel far advanced in age: (K:) or old and weak: (S:) or far advanced in age, and having lost her teeth: (T:) a she-camel, and cow, and ewe, or she-goat, old and weak, and unable to retain her slaver: or whose teeth are consumed. (L.) Toothless. (L.) Decrepit old women. (K.) kHb , aor. , He struck him on his podex. (K.) , inf. n. takoHiybN, The vine put forth its unripe, or sour, grapes: (K:) or its bunches thereof: this is a correct explanation, given on the authority of IAar: (Az:) or it became abundant in grapes: (K:) or its grapes became pleasant in flavour. (TA.) T he podex: (K:) of the dial. of ElYemen. (TA.) -A2- As coll. gen. n. Unripe, or sour, grapes: n. un. with p: (K:) as also kaHomN: a word of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) , Many, or much. (K.) daraAhimo kaAHibapN Many dirhems; or much money. (Fr.) ― -b2- naArN kaAHibapN Fire of which the flame rises high. (K.) kHt Short, (K,) as an epithet applied to a man. (TA.) kHv , aor. , (inf. n. kaHovN and kaHovapN, TA,) He laded out for him with his hands, (or with his hand, as in some copies of the K, and in the L,) [somewhat] of the property. (L, K.) kHS kHl kx See Supplement kd , aor. , (L,) inf. n. kad~N, (S, L, K,) He toiled; or was, or became, vehement, or severe, (S, A, L, K,) in work; (S, A, L;) he worked laboriously; (TA;) he fatigued himself, and hastened, in his work. (L.) [You say] bijad~ika laA bikad~ika By thy good fortune, not by thy toil, are things attained. A proverb. (L.) And laA tajoEalo Eayo$ahumaA kad~F Make not the life of them two a toil. (L, from a trad.) ― -b2- AlmasaAy^ilu kad~N yakad~u bihaA Alr~ajulu wajohahu Petitions are [a cause of] dispiriting: a man thereby impairs the brightness of his countenance. (L, from a trad.) -A2- kad~ahu, (L, K, aor. , inf. n. kad~N, (L,) He required of him toil, or vehemence, or severity in work, or persevering or constant exertion in striving to do a thing or in seeking a thing; as also ↓ Aktd~hu, and ↓ Astkd~hu: (L, K:) he fatigued or wearied or jaded him; (S, * L;) namely, a beast, and a man, &c.: (L;) [like dak~ahu;] he plied, or pressed him, plied or pressed him hard, or harassed him, in constant work which he imposed upon him, so as to fatigue or weary him. (Az, L.) See also kad~N. ― -b2- kad~a (tropical:) He fatigued his tongue with speaking and his heart with thinking. (A, L.) ― -b3- kad~a, aor. , (L,) inf. n. kad~N, (L, K,) He exerted himself perseveringly, assiduously, constantly, or incessantly, (L, K,) in striving to do, effect, or accomplish, a thing, (L,) or in seeking [a thing]. (K.) ― -b4- kad~a, aor. , (L,) inf. n. kad~N, (S, L,) He sought (S, L) gain, (S,) or, sustenance, or the means of subsistence. (L.) -A3- kad~a, aor. , (L,) inf. n. kad~N, (S, L, K,) He pointed, or made a sign, with the finger, (S, L, K,) like as the beggar does. (S.) [It is also trans.] El-Kumeyt says, ganiytu falamo A^arodudokumu Einoda bigoyapK waHujotu falamo A^akodudokumu biAlA^aSaAbiEi [I was rich, and I did not repel you on an occasion of exigency; and I was in want, and I did not point at you with the fingers]. (S, L.) ― -b2- ↓ kud~uwniY faA_in~iY mukid~N (tropical:) Ask ye of me; for I give [only] when asked. Said by Ibn-Hubeyreh. (A [but in my copy of that work, the first word is written kid~uwniY.]) -A4- kad~a, [aor. .] (tropical:) He scratched, or scraped: (L:) he scraped off a soil from a garment: (TA:) he scratched perseveringly his head, and his skin, with his nails. (A.) ― -b2- kad~a, (TA,) [aor. ,] inf. n. kad~N, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He combed his head. (K, TA.) ― -b3- kad~a, [aor. ,] (tropical:) He (a beast) trod the ground with his hoofs. (A, * L.) -A5- kd~hu, (aor. , L,) He pulled or drew it out (i. e. a solid or a fluid thing) with his hand; as also ↓ Aktd~hu. (L, K.) He (a man) threw coarsely pounded salt (kadiyd), one portion upon another. (L.) and ↓ Aktd~ (tropical:) He was tenacious, or niggardly. (L, K.) See also mukid~N. see 1, and 4. see 1. , inf. n. kadokadapN, He ran slowly: (S, IKtt, L:) he affected a heaviness and slowness in his gait. (K.) (assumed tropical:) He ran upon the dust of the race-course. (L.) [inf. n. of 1, q. v. ― -b2- as a subst.] A mortar in which things are pounded, or bruised; like haAwanN, or haAwuwnN. (S, K.) and kud~apN see kadiydN. A man who toils, or works, laboriously, so as to fatigue himself. (A.) ― -b2- (tropical:) A she-camel whose milk is not obtained without labour, or exertion. (A.) biy^orN kaduwdN (tropical:) A well of which the water is not obtained without labour, or exertion, (S, A, L, K,) and difficulty, or trouble. (TA.) ― -b3- (tropical:) Tenacious; niggardly: (K, but omitted in some copies:) one from whom benefits are not obtained without difficulty. (A.) (tropical:) Ground trodden with the hoofs of horses or the like. (S, * A, * L.) ― -b2- kadiydN (tropical:) Fine dust, trodden with the feet: fine dust, which, if trodden, flies about: (L:) dust of a racecourse. (TA.) ― -b3- Coarsely pounded salt. (L, K.) [Also,] The sound of coarsely pounded salt when it is poured out, (L, K,) one portion upon another. (L.) -A2- A low, or depressed, tract of land, (baTonN, K, or bTyn, L, as from A'Obeyd,) of wide extent, (L, K,) formed like a valley, or wider than a valley. (A'Obeyd, L.) ― -b2- A rugged tract of land; (L, K;) as also ↓ kid~apN, with kesr, (K,) or ↓ kud~apN; (L;) so called because it fatigues him who walks upon it. (L.) The cooked food which remains in the bottom of the cooking-pot, and which is drawn out (kud~a) with the fingers: (Az, L:) what remains in the bottom of the cooking-pot, (As, L, K,) sticking to it, after the ladling out; (L;) as also kadadapN (L, K) and kudadapN: (K:) or the broth, or gravy, remaining in the bottom of the cooking-pot. (S.) ― -b2- Also I. q. qi$odapN, (S, L, K,) [i. e.] the dregs, or sediment, of clarified butter. (L.) ― -b3- A little that remains of pasture, or herbage. (L.) See also A^akid~apN. a word imitative of the sound made by a thing that is struck upon a hard thing. (S, L.) The remains in a place of pasture which has already been eaten. (K.) See also kudaAdapN and A^akodaAdN. A quick, or swift, people: (As, S, L:) or a people composing distinct bodies, or parties, or troops; (L, art. ktd; and K;) as also ↓ A^akid~apN and A^akaAdiydu. (K.) See also A^akotaAdN. pass. part. n. of kad~a, q. v. ― -b2- A man overcome. (L.) (tropical:) One who gives [only] when asked. (A.) See also kaduwdN, and 1, and 4. (assumed tropical:) A comb. (K.) ― -b2- (tropical:) An instrument for scratching or scraping. (TA.) kdA^ , aor. , inf. n. kado'N and kuduwo'N, It (a plant) was affected by the cold, and thereby made to stick to the earth: or its growth became slow by reason of want of water. (AZ, S, K.) ― -b2- kadaA^a, aor. ; (K;) and ↓ kd~A^, (S, K,) inf. n. takodiy^apN; (S;) the former the more common; (TA;) It (cold) cast down the standing corn &c. upon the earth. (S, K.) ― -b3- kadaA^a (tropical:) It (herbage) was short and bad, (K,) on account of the badness of the soil. (TA.) ― -b4- kadiy^ati AlA_ibilu, aor. , inf. n. kado'N, The camels had little hair. (TA.) -A2- kadiy^a, (K,) or kadaA^a, (L.) the former said to be of an uncommon dial., (MF,) aor. , It (a crow or raven) croaked roughly, as though it were vomiting. (L, K.) see 1. , (K,) inf. n. kawodaA^apN, (TA,) He ran in the manner called Eadow: (K:) i. e., he hastened in his pace. (TA.) [See daA^odaA^a.] A land that produces plants slowly. (S, K.) ― -b2- A_ibilN kaAdiy^apu AlA^awobaAra Camels having little hair: pl. kawaAdiy^u. (TA.) dial. form of kinotaA^owN. (K.) ― -b2- A gross, or bulky, camel. (K.) [But perhaps jml is here put by a mistake of a copyist in the K for Hbl, and the meaning is a thick rope; for kntA^w is said to signify thick, as an epithet applied to a rope: or the reverse may be the case in the explanation of the latter word.] It occurs again in art. knd. (TA.) kdb and kadibN and kadabN and kudobN [but the second seems to have been written, in MF's copy of the K, kidobN], coll. gen. ns., also with * for d, The whiteness [or white marks] on the nails of young persons: n. un. (of each of the above words, TA,) with p: as also kudayobaA'u: (K:) but this last, says SM, I have not found in any other lexicon. (TA.) ― -b2- jaAw^uwA EalaY qamiySihi bidamK kadibK, [Kur, xii. 18,] so accord. to the reading of Ibn-'Abbás, (K,) and 'Áïsheh, and El-Hasan El-Basree, (TA,) They brought, upon his shirt, blood inclining in colour to white; as though it were blood that had made marks upon the shirt resembling embroidery or the like: (K:) or fresh blood: or, contr. dry blood: or blood of a dingy hue: or blood changed [in colour]. (TA.) A woman of a pure white complexion. (IAar, K.) kdH , aor. , (inf. n. kadoHN, S,) He worked or wrought; laboured; employed himself actively; syn. saEaY; (S, K;) and Eamila: (S:) he wrought for himself good or evil: (K:) he was eager, and strove, laboured, or exerted himself, and wearied himself, in work, in the affairs relating to the present world and in those relating to the world to come: (Zj:) he toiled, or laboured hard. (S, K.) huwa yakodaHu fiY ka*aA He toils, or labours hard, in such a thing, or affair. (S.) ― -b2- kadaHa liEiyaAlihi, and ↓ AktdH, He sought, sought after, or sought to gain, sustenance; or he gained, acquired, or earned; for his family, or household; syn. kasaba, (S, K,) or Aktsb. (L.) -A2- kadaHa wajohahu It (a thing, S) scratched, or lacerated, his face: (S, K:) or did to his face that which disfigured it, or rendered it ugly or unseemly: as also ↓ kd~Hhu, (K,) inf. n. takodiyHN: (TA:) or kd~H, inf. n. tkdyH, signifies it scratched, or lacerated, much, or many times, or in many places: (S:) also [so in the L; but in the K, or] kadaHa in the phrase kadaHa wajohahu signifies A^afosada; (K;) you say kadaHa wajoha A^amorihi, meaning he marred his affair. (L.) ― -b2- kadaHa raA^osahu He separated his hair with a comb. (K.) see 1. It (the skin) became scratched, or lacerated, much, or many times, or in many places. (S, K.) ― -b2- waqaEa mina Als~aToHi fatakad~aHa He fell from the flat top, or roof, of the house, and became much broken [in his skin]. (L.) A scratch, or laceration, of the skin; i. q. xado$N: (S, K:) or a kadoH is more (or larger, L) than a xado$: (S:) any mark made by scratching or biting: (IAth:) pl. kuduwHN. (S, K.) Ex. bihi kadoHN, (S, K,) and kuduwHN, (S,) He has upon him a scratch, &c. (S, K.) , [Kur lxxxiv. 6,] Verily thou workest, or labourest, (S,) or, workest for thyself good or evil, (TA,) or, strivest, or labourest, in thy work until the meeting of thy Lord, i. e., until death. (Jel.) An ass much lacerated by the bites of other asses. (S, K.) A wild ass is termed mkd~H because he is lacerated by the bites of other asses. (A'Obeyd.) kdr , aor. ; and kadura, aor. ; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) and kadara; (Sgh, K;) but this last is said in the L to be allowable only as signifying “ he poured out ” water; (TA;) inf. n. kadarN, (S, A, Msb, K,) of the first, (S, Msb,) or second, (TA,) and kuduwrapN, (S, A, Msb, K,) of the second, (S, Msb,) and kadaArapN, (K,) also of the second, (TA,) and kuduwrN, and kudorapN, (K,) or the last is a simple subst.; (TA;) and ↓ tkd~r; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ Akdr~, inf. n. A_ikodiraArN; (K;) and ↓ Ankdr; (Bd lxxxi. 2;) It (water, S, Msb, &c.) was, or became, turbid, thick, or muddy; contr. of SafaA; (S, A, K;) it ceased to be clear: (Msb:) or kudorapN relates to colour, (K,) specially; (TA;) and kuduwrapN, to water, (K,) and to life, AlEayo$; in the K, AlEayon, but this is a mistake; (TA;) and kadarN, to all of these. (K.) ― -b2- kadira, aor. , (Lh, Msb,) inf. n. kadarN (S, Msb) [and kudorapN, (see above,)] It (the complexion of a man, Lh) and he (a horse, &c., Msb) was, or became, of the colour termed kudorapN [i. e. dusky, dingy, or inclining to black and dust-colour]. (Lh, S, Msb.) ― -b3- kadira Eayo$u fulaAnK, (S, A,) [inf. n. kadarN and kuduwrapN; (see above;)] and ↓ tkd~r, (A,) (tropical:) [The life of such a one became troublesome, or perturbed, or attended with trouble:] and maEiy$atuhu ↓ tkd~rt [signifies the same; or his means of living became attended with trouble]. (S.) ― -b4- xu*o maA SafaA wadaEo maA kadira, and kadura, and kadara, (tropical:) [Take thou what is free from trouble, and leave what is attended with trouble.] (IAar, L, Msb.) ― -b5- kadira EalaY~a fuw^aAduhu (tropical:) [His heart, or mind, became perturbed by displeasure against me]. (A, TA.) ― -b6- [And in like manner you say] ma*ohabuhu fY A@lomasoA^alapi ↓ tkd~r [(tropical:) His opinion respecting the question became confounded, or perplexed]. (Mgh.) -A2- kadara, (K,) aor. , inf. n. kadorN, (TA,) He poured out, or forth water. (K, TA.) Said in the L to be the only signification of this form of the verb. (TA.) [But see above.] , inf. n. takodyrN, He rendered it (namely water, S, Msb) turbid, thick, or muddy. (S, Msb, K.) ― -b2- [kd~r Eayo$a fulaAnK (tropical:) He or it, troubled the life of such a one; rendered it troublesome, or perturbed; caused it to be attended with trouble.] ― -b3- [kd~r EalaY~a fuw^aAda fulaAnK (tropical:) He, or it, caused the heart, or mind, of such a one to be perturbed by displeasure against me.] ― -b4- kd~rt AlmasoA^alapu Ealayohi ma*ohabahu [(tropical:) The question confounded, or perplexed, his opinion]. (TA.) ― -b5- SafaA A^amoriY fakad~arahu fulaAnN (tropical:) [My affair, or case, was free from trouble, and such a one caused it to be attended with trouble]. (A.) ― -b6- kd~r niEomapF [(tropical:) He sullied a favour]. (ElAashà, quoted in the S, art. n$d.) see 1, in four places. (tropical:) The eye continued looking at the thing. (S, A.) see 1. -A2- He, or it, darted down. (S, K.) It is said of a bird, (A,) or of a hawk, in this sense; (TK;) and of a star. (A.) So in the Kur lxxxi. 2, waA_i*aA Aln~ujuwmu A@nokadarato: (S, * Bd:) or this means, And when the stars dart down, and fall, one after another, upon the earth: (Jel:) or when the stars fall and become scattered. (El-Basáïr, K. *) ― -b2- Ankdr Elyhm AlEaduw~u (tropical:) The enemy poured down upon them. (A.) And Ankdr Ealayohi Alqawomu (tropical:) The people poured upon him: (K:) or poured down upon him: (TA:) or repaired towards him, scattering themselves upon him. (El-Basáïr.) ― -b3- Ankdr (tropical:) He hastened: (S, K:) or he hastened in some measure. (TA.) You say Ankdr fiY sayorihi (tropical:) He hastened in his pace. (A.) And Ankdr yaEoduw (tropical:) He hastened in some measure, running; (TA;) accord. to A'Obeyd. (TA, voce AinoSalata.) see 1. : see kadirN. [a coll. gen. n., of which the n. of unity is kadarapN] Handfuls of reaped corn: (O, TA:) see EaSofN. (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ kadorN (S, K) and ↓ kadiyrN and ↓ A^akodaru (K) Turbid; thick; muddy: (S, A, Msb, K) applied to water. (S, A, Msb.) -A2- Eayo$N kadirN, and ↓ A^akodaru (tropical:) [Life that is attended with trouble]. (TA.) ― -b2- huwa kadiru Alfuw^aAdi EalaY~a (tropical:) [He is perturbed in heart, or mind, by displeasure against me]. (A.) Duskiness, or dinginess, of colour; (S, * Msb;) a hue inclining to black and dust-colour. (TA.) See 1. : see kadarN. (S, K) and ↓ kudaAriY~N (IAar, TA) A species of the kind of bird called qaTFA, (S, K,) one of three species, whereof the two others are called juwniY~N and gaTaATN; (S;) the species called kdrY are of a dusty [or dusky] colour, (S, K,) short in the legs, (TA,) diversified, or speckled, or marked, with duskiness, or dinginess, and blackness, (ruqo$,) in the backs (S, K) and bellies, (S,) black in the inside of the wing, (TA,) yellow in the throats, (S, K,) having in the tail two feathers [in the L and TA ry$An, but the right reading is riy$ataAni,] longer than the rest of the tail; (ISk, TA;) it is smaller than the jwnY, (S,) and has a clear cry, calling out its own name [qaTaA qaTaA]: (ISd, TA:) it seems to be thus named, kdrY, in relation to the greater number of birds of the kind called qaTFA, which are kudor [in colour]; (S;) kdrY being, as some assert, a rel. n. from TayorN kudorN, like dubosiY~N from TayorN dubosN: (TA:) the n. un. is kudoriy~apN and kudaAriy~apN. (TA.) [See also gaTaATN, and qaTFA; and De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., ii. 369.] : see kadirN. : see kudoriY~N. , [dim. of kadoraA='u, fem. of A^akodarN,] A certain kind of food, accord. to Kr, who does not describe its composition; (TA;) fresh milk in which dates (S, K) of the kind called barobiY~ (K) are macerated: (S, K:) or milk in which dates are steeped and mashed with the hand: (TA:) women are fattened with it: (K:) so called because of the duskiness (kudorap) of its colour. (Z, TA.) : see art. kndr. [Dusky, or dingy; of a hue inclining to black and dust-colour;] having kudorap in its colour: (S, TA:) fem. kadoraA='u: pl. kudorN: and dim. of Akdr, A^ukayodiru. (Msb.) ― -b2- banaAtu A^akodara The wild asses: (S:) the same, (A,) or banaAtu AlA^akodari, (K,) certain wild asses: (A, K:) so called after a particular stallion (S, A, K) or theirs. (K.) ― -b3- See also kadirN, in two places. kds , (A, Msb, TA,) aor. , (Msb,) inf. n. kadosN, (Msb, TA,) He collected it together; (A, TA;) made it into a kudos, accumulated, heaped, or piled up, one part upon another; (Msb;) namely, wheat, (A,) or reaped grain; (Msb, TA;) [and in like manner, (tropical:) money, and clothes, &c.: and so ↓ kd~s, inf. n. takodiysN; but this has an intensive signification, or applies to many objects: see mukad~asN, below.] -A2- kadasati Alxayolu, (A, Msb,) [aor. ,] inf. n. kadosN, (Msb,) (tropical:) The horses followed closely one upon another: (Msb:) or collected themselves together, and followed closely one upon another; as also ↓ tkd~st: (A:) or kadosN signifies the going quickly of one who is heavily laden: (S, K:) and kadasati Alxayolu the horses went quickly, being heavily laden: (S:) and kadasati AlA_ibilu the camels went quickly, with heaviness, and followed closely one upon another: (TA:) or [simply] went quickly: (Fr:) ↓ takad~usN also signifies the walking, or going, quickly: (IAar, K:) and Alfarasu ↓ tkd~s the horse went as though he were heavily laden: (S:) or ↓ takad~usN signifies the walking, or going, like him who is short and thick: (TA:) and the moving about the shoulder-joints, and erecting the part between the paps, (but instead of wayanoSiba maA bayona vadoyayohi, we find in some copies wayanoSab~u A_ilaY maA bayona yadayohi [and descending towards the place before him], TA,) when walking, or going along, (K, TA,) as though one were going away at random; and thus the mountain-goats go: so accord. to IAar: (TA:) and AlA_inosaAnu ↓ tkd~s the man was pushed from behind, and fell down. (TA.) see 1, first part. It (wheat, A, or reaped grain, TA, [&c.,]) became collected together. (A, TA.) -A2- See also 1, in five places. Reaped grain collected together; [a heap thereof;] (A, K;) as also ↓ kud~aAsN, like rum~aAnN: (Ibn-'Abbád and A, Sgh, K:) or what is collected together, of wheat, (S, * Msb,) in the place where it is trodden out: (Msb:) when trodden out and thrashed, it is called EaramapN and SuborapN: or, as Az says, in one place in the T, on the authority of IAar, kudosN and bayodarN and EaramapN and $agolapN are all one: and in another place he says, that kudosN signifies a collection of wheat: and in like manner, (assumed tropical:) what is collected [or heaped] together, of money, and of other things: (Msb:) or (assumed tropical:) of dates, (TA,) and (tropical:) of money, (A, TA,) and the like, (TA,) and (tropical:) of clothes: (A, TA:) also, (assumed tropical:) a large heap of sand, of which one part does not separate from another: (En-Nadr:) and ↓ kudaAsN, like guraAbN, what is collected together, or heaped up, of snow: and ↓ kudaAsapN, what is collected together, and heaped up, one part upon another: (K:) the pl. of kudosN is A^akodaAsN. (S, A, Msb.) and kudaAsapN: see kudosN : see kudosN [What is collected together, of wheat, &c., heaped up much]. (Msb.) You say also Einodahu mino daraAhima waviyaAbK kudosN mukad~asN (tropical:) [He has, of money, and of clothes, a collection heaped up much]: and A^akodaAsN mukad~asapN (tropical:) [collections heaped up]. (A, TA.) kd$ , aor. , (S, K,) inf. n. kado$N, (TK,) He sought, sought after, or sought to gain, sustenance; or he gained, acquired, or earned; syn. kadaHa, (S, K,) and kasaba; (K;) and collected; and exercised art, cunning, or skill; (TA;) for his family, or household. (S, K.) ― -b2- You say also, kada$otu mino fulaAnK $ayoy^FA, ('Okbeh Es-Sulamee, TA,) or EaTaA='F, (S, K,) I obtained from such a one ('Okbeh, S, K) a thing, ('Okbeh,) or a gift; (S, K;) as also ↓ A^akoda$otu, (K, and so in a copy of the S,) or ↓ A_ikotada$otu. ('Okbeh, as related by Aboo-Turáb; and so in two copies of the S.) And maA kada$a minohu $ayoy^FA He did not obtain, and did not take, of him anything. (TA.) see 1. see 1. [app. Gain, or earnings;] a subst. [from kd$ as first explained above, or] from kad~aA$N in the first of the senses explained below. (TA.) A man who makes much gain. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, i. q., mukad~K; (K;) in the dial. of the people of El-'Irák; meaning An importunate beggar. (TA.) kdm kdn kdh kdY See Supplement k* , [aor. ,] (K,) inf. n. ka*~N, (TA,) It (a thing, TA) was, or became, rough, (K,) and hard. (TA.) They, (a people, Msb,) became among stones such as are termed ka*~aAn. (L, Msb, K.) Soft stones, (AA, S, M, L, Msb, K,) as also ja*~aAnN, (As, L in art. j*,) like dry pieces of clay, (S, L, Msb, K,) and foraminous, or pierced with holes, (M, L,) or sometimes pierced with holes: n. un. with p. (L, Msb.) Some say, that the n is a radical letter; (L, Msb;) but the form of the verb A^aka*~a is against their assertion; for if the n were so, it would appear in the verb. (Msb.) Intense redness. (K.) k*b , aor. , inf. n. ka*ibN (a strange form of inf. n.; there being, accord. to Kz., only fourteen instances of it; as laEibN, and DaHikN, &c.; though there are many substantives of this measure; MF) and ki*obN (S, K: accord. to Ibn-Es-Seed and others, this latter is formed from the former, by putting the second vowel of the former in the place of the first: MF) and ka*ibapN (L) or ka*obapN (K) and ki*obahN (L, K) and ki*aAbN and ki*~aAbN (K: but this last, which is also assigned to ka*aba in the L, is, accord. to the S, which refers, for proof, to the Kur, ch. lxxviii. 28, one of the inf. ns. of k*~b: and Ks says, that the people of El-Yemen make the inf. n. of fE~l of the measure fiE~aAlN, while the other Arabs make it tafoEiylN: TA) and, accord. to some, ku*obN and ka*obN (TA: but the latter of these two, though agreeable with analogy, is unheard: TA): see also ka*ibN, below: [He lied; uttered a falsehood; said what was untrue:] he gave an untrue account, or relation, of a thing, whether intentionally or unintentionally. (Msb) Alka*ibu is of five kinds. ― -b2- First, The relater's changing, or altering, what he hears; and his relating; as from others, what he does not know. This is the kind that renders one criminal, and destroys manly virtue. — Second, The saying what resembles a lie, not meaning anything but the truth. Such is meant in the trad., ka*aba A_ibor`hiymu valaAva ka*ibaAtK Abraham said three sayings resembling lies; he being veracious in the three. — Third, The saying what is untrue by mistake, or unintentionally; making a mistake; erring. This signification is frequent. — Fourth, The finding one's hopes false, or vain. — Fifth, The act of instigating, or inciting. (IAmb.) [See illustrations of these and other significations below; and see more voce Sadaqa.] [You say] yako*ibuka mino A^ayona jaA'a [He will lie to thee even as to the place whence he comes.] (L, art. mH, and in many other places, following the similar phrase laA yaSoduquka A^avarahu, or A^avaruhu.) Lebeed says, Aiko*ibi Aln~afosa A_i*aA Had~avotahaA Lie to the soul (i. e., to thy soul,) when thou talkest to it: i. e., say not to thy soul, Thou wilt not succeed in thine enterprise; for thy doing so will divert thee, or hinder thee, therefrom. A proverb. (Meyd, &c.) ― -b3- ku*iba, pass., He was told a lie; a falsehood; or an untruth. (K.) ― -b4- Aboo-Duwád says, ka*aba AlEayoru waA_ino kaAna baraHo The wild ass hath lied, although he hath passed from right to left: [the doing which is esteemed unlucky:] or, [agreeably with explanations of ka*aba given below,] hath become languid, and within [the sportsman's] power, or reach, &c.: or keep to the wild ass, and hunt him, &c. A proverb, applied in the case of a thing that is hoped for, though difficult of attainment. (TA.) ― -b5- ka*abato and ↓ k*~bt (tropical:) She (a camel), being covered by the stallion, raised her tail, and then returned without conceiving. (En-Nadr, K.) ― -b6- ka*aba is said of other things than men [and animals]: as of lightning, [meaning (assumed tropical:) It gave a false promise of rain]: of a dream, an opinion, a hope, and a desire, [meaning, in each of these cases, (assumed tropical:) It proved false]. (TA.) ― -b7- So also ka*abati AlEayonu (assumed tropical:) The sense [i. e., the sight] of the eye deceived it. (TA.) ― -b8- ka*aba Alr~aA^oYu [(assumed tropical:) The judgment lied]; i. e., he imagined the thing contrary to its real state. (TA.) [See also Sadaqa Zan~iY] ― -b9- ka*abatoka Eayonuka (tropical:) Thine eye showed thee what had no reality. (TA.) ― -b10- ka*aba labanu Aln~aAqapi, and ↓ k*~b, (the latter mentioned in the S,) (tropical:) The milk of the camel passed away, or failed. (Lh.) ― -b11- ka*aba fiY sayorihi (tropical:) [He (a camel) became slack, or slow, in his pace: see 2]. (TA.) ― -b12- ka*aba AlHar~u (tropical:) The heat abated. (TA.) ― -b13- See also 2. ka*aba He found his hopes to be false, or vain. (IAmb.) AunoZuro kayofa ka*abuwA EalaY A^anofusihimo, [Kur vi. 24, lit., See how they lied against themselves,] is said to signify see how their hope hath proved false, or vain. (TA.) ― -b14- Zan~uwA A^an~ahumo qado ku*ibuwA, [Kur xii. 110,] They (the apostles) thought that they had been disappointed of the fulfilment of the promise made to them. So accord. to one reading. Accord. to another reading, the verb is ↓ ku*~ibuwA: [in which case, the meaning of the words appears to be, “ They knew that they had been pronounced liars ” by the people to whom they were sent]. (TA.) There are also two other readings; ↓ ka*~abuwA and ka*abuwA: accord. to the former, the verb refers to the people to whom the apostles were sent; and Zn~wA means “ they knew: ” accord. to the latter, the words mean, “ They (the people above mentioned) thought that they (the apostles) had broken their promise. ” (Jel.) ― -b15- maA ka*aba Alfuw^aAdu maA raA^aY [The mind did not belie what he saw.] (Kur liii. 11.) ― -b16- ka*abatohu nafosuhu [His soul lied to him:] his soul made him to desire things, and to conceive hopes, that could scarcely come to pass. (K.) Hence the soul is called Alka*uwbu. You say in the contr. case, Sa*aqatohu nfsh, and Alka*uwbu. (TA.) See ka*uwbN, and art. Sdq. ― -b17- Hence, ka*aba Ealayohi signifies It rendered him active, or brisk; animated him; instigated him; incited him; (K;) as also ka*abahu. (Z.) ― -b18- Hence, ka*aba and ka*abaka and ka*aba Ealayoka have sometimes the same signification, though not always the same government, as Ealayoka, or Ailozamo; Keep to; or take to. The noun following is put in the nom. case accord. to the dial. of El-Yemen; and in the acc. accord. to the dial. of Mudar; or, as some say, is correctly put in the nom. only. (TA.) You say, ka*aba Ealayoka ka*aA waka*aA, meaning Keep to, or take to, such and such things. It is an extr. phrase. (ISk.) You also say, ka*abotu Ealayoka, meaning Keep thou to me: and k*btu Ealayokumo Keep ye to me. IAar. cites the following verse of Khidásh Ibn-Zuheyr, [in which he tauntingly compares a people to ticks]: ka*abotu Ealayokumo A^awo EiduwniY waEal~iluwA biYa AlA^aroDa waAlA^aqowaAma qirodaAna mawoZabaA [Keep ye to me: threaten me, and soothe by (the mention of) me the land and the peoples, O ticks of Mowdhab!]: meaning Keep ye to me, and to satirizing me, when ye are on a journey, and traverse the land mentioning me. (TA.) In like manner, yawomu AlA^aHadi wAlxamiysi ka*abaAka A^awo yawomu AlA_ivonayoni wAlv~alaAvaA'i, in a trad. respecting the proper days for being cupped, signifies Keep thou to Sunday and Thursday, or Monday and Tuesday. (IAth, Z.) The verb is thus used after the manner of a proverb, and is invariable [as to tense], being constantly in the pret. tense, connected [literally or virtually, when explained by Ealayoka followed by the prep. b, or by A_ilozamo,] only with the person addressed, and in the sense of the imperative. k*bAk here [lit.] signifies Let them render thee active, or brisk, and animate thee, instigate thee, or incite thee. (Z.). [A trad. of 'Omar, quoted below, presents another instance to which this signification is said to apply.] ― -b19- Or ka*aba denotes instigation, or incitement, of the person addressed, to keep to the thing that is mentioned; as in the saying of the Arabs, ka*aba Ealayoka AlEasalu, meaning Eat thou honey: but the explanation of this is, (The relinquisher of) honey hath erred [to thee; i. e., in his representation of its evil qualites &c.; which is equivalent to saying, Eat, or keep to, honey]: AlEasalu being put for taAriku AlEasali. [See also 1 in art. Esl.] In like manner, the saying of 'Omar, ka*aba Ealayokumu AlHaj~u &c., (see below,) signifies Keep ye to the performance of the pilgrimage, &c.: [or (the relinquisher of) the pilgrimage hath erred to thee in his representation of it: therefore it means as above]. (IAmb.) Accord. to IAmb the noun signifying the object of instigation [which may also be called the cause thereof] cannot be rightly put in the acc. case: if so put, the verb is without an agent. (TA.) [But see what is said on this point in the remarks on the trad. of 'Omar below.] ― -b20- Or the verb in a case of this kind signifies A^amokana: thus, ka*abaka AlHaj~u signifies The performance of the pilgrimage is possible, or practicable, to thee: therefore [it means] Perform thou the pilgrimage. (ISh.) ― -b21- Or A^amokana is its original signification; and the meaning intended is Keep to; as in the ex. ka*aba AlEatiyqu. (Aal.) ― -b22- 'Antarah, addressing his wife 'Ableh, says; or, accord. to some, the poet is Khuzaz Ibn-Lowdhán; ka*aba AlEatiyqu wamaA='u $an~K baAridN A_ino kunoti saAy^ilatiY gabuwqFA faA@*ohabiY (TA.) i. e., Keep thou to the eating of dates, and to the cool water of an old, worn-out, skin: if thou ask me for an evening's drink of milk, depart: for I have appropriated the milk to my colt, which is profitable to me, and may preserve me and thee: (L:) AlEtyq is in the nom. case accord. to the dial. of El-Yemen: but in the acc. accord. to that of Mudar. (TA.) ― -b23- Er-Radee [reading AlEtyqa] cites this verse as a proof that ka*aba, originally a verb, has become a verbal noun, signifying Ailozamo. (TA.) But he is the only one who asserts it to be a verbal noun. (MF.) ― -b24- Also, Mo'akkir El-Bárikee says, wa*uboyaAniy~apK A^uwoSato baniyhaA biA^ano ka*aba AlqaraATifu waAlquruwfu And many a woman of Dhubyán charged her sons by [saying], Keep to the red garments (Aksyp), and the bags (or receptacles) of leather tanned with pomegranate-bark. She charged them to take plenty of these two things as spoil from the tribe of Nemir, if they should prevail over them. (Aboo-'Obeyd El-Kásim Ibn-Selám.) ― -b25- k*b is also said to have the same meaning in the words of the trad. ka*aba Aln~as~aAbuwna [Keep to those skilled in genealogy:] or Regard is to be had to what is said by those skilled in genealogy: another meaning to which is assigned below. (TA.) ― -b26- It sometimes signifies It is incumbent, or obligatory. So in the following: (a trad. of 'Omar: TA:) ka*aba Ealayokumu AlHaj~u ka*aba Ealayokumu AlEumorapu ka*aba Ealayokumu AljihaAdu vlaAvapu A^asofaArK ka*abona Ealayokumo [The performance of the pilgrimage is incumbent on you: the performance of (the rites called) AlEmrp is incumbent on you: warring (for the sake of religion) is incumbent on you: three expeditions are incumbent on you]: (S, * K:) or k*b, here, is from ka*abatohu nafosuhu, “ his soul made him to desire things, and to conceive hopes, that could scarcely come to pass; ” and the meaning is let [the expectation of the reward which will follow] the performance of the pilgrimage render thee active, or brisk, and animate thee, instigate thee, or incite thee, to the act: [and so of the rest of the trad.: but here I should observe, that, for liyako*ibaka and liyuna$~iTaka and yaboEavaka, in the CK, we should read liyako*iboka &c.:] (K:) ― -b27- or, as ISk says, k*b, here, seems to denote instigation, or incitement, meaning Ealayokumo bihi keep ye to it; and is an extr. word with respect to analogy: (S:) ― -b28- accord. to Akh., AlHj~ is governed in the nom. case by k*b; but as to the meaning, it is in the acc.; because the meaning is a command to perform the pilgrimage; as when you say, A^amokanaka AlS~ayodu [“ the game hath become within thy power, or reach ”], meaning “ shoot it, ” or “ cast at it: ” (S:) he who puts AlHj~ in the acc. case, [agreeably with one relation of the trad., TA,] makes Elyk [or Elykm] a verbal noun; and in k*b is [implied] the pronoun which refers to AlHj~ [and which is the agent of the verb]; (K;) or the agent is implied in k*b, and explained by what follows it; (Sb;) [so that] the meaning is ka*aba AlHaj~u Ealayokumu AlHaj~a: (Z:) or, [as shown above,] k*b is a verbal n., meaning Alozamo, and AlHj~ is in the acc. case as governed by it: (Er-Radee:) though its being in the acc. case, accord. to some, is altogether unknown: (TA:) ― -b29- [or the meaning is as stated before on the authority of ISh.:] ― -b30- or the trad. means ka*aba Ealayoka AlHaj~u A_ino *ukira A^an~ahu gayoru kaAfK haAdimK limaA qabolahu mina Al*~unuwbi [(the relinguisher of) the pilgrimage hath erred to thee if it have been spoken of (by him) as not sufficient, (and as not) abolishing the sins, or offences, (committed) before it: agreeably with the explanation by IAmb, given above]. (K.) ― -b31- ka*aba He said what was false unintentionally; committed a mistake, or error. The verb is used in this sense by the people of El-Hijáz, and the rest of the Arabs have followed them in so using it. (Towsheeh.) -A2- ka*aba is also said to signify He spoke truth; so as to bear two contr. meanings: and thus, ka*aba Aln~as~aAbuwna may signify Those skilled in genealogy have spoken truth: but another explanation of this saying is given in this art. (MF, &c.) -A3- ka*abato Eaf~aAqatuka [and the like] Thou brokest wind. (S in art. Efq.) , inf. n. tako*iybN, (and ki*~aAbN, TA, and tako*ibapN [like tajoribapN &c.], occurring in the TA, voce lahabapN, &c.) He made, or pronounced, him a liar; an utterer of falsehood; or a sayer of what was untrue: (K:) he attributed, or ascribed, to him lying, untruth, mendacity, or the speaking untruth: (Msb:) and (Msb) [accused him of lying:] he gave him the lie; said to him, “ Thou hast lied, ” &c. (S, Msb.) See also 4. ― -b2- k*~b biAlA^amori, inf. n. tako*iybN and ki*~aAbN (K: the latter inf. n. of the dial. of El-Yemen: Ks, Fr) and ki*aAbN, (TA,) He rejected, disallowed, denied, disacknowledged, disbelieved in, or discredited, the thing; syn. A^anokarahu; (K;) as also k*~bhu, and ↓ ka*abahu. (Jel, liii. 11.) Ex. waka*~abuwA biA=yaAtinaA ki*~aAbFA [And they rejected our signs, with rejection: Kur, lxxviii. 28]. (S.) And ka*~aba Alfuw^aAdu maA raA^aY, and ↓ ka*aba: see art. fA^d, and see 1. ― -b3- k*~b Eanohu (assumed tropical:) He repelled from him, [or defended him]; syn. rad~a Eanohu; namely, a man. (K.) [See exs. voce Ew~Y, in art. Ew.] -A2- Hamala famaA ka*~b, inf. n. tako*iybN, (tropical:) He charged, and was not cowardly, (S, K,) and did not retreat. (TA.) Hamala vum~a k*~b He charge, and then was cowardly, or did not charge with earnestness, or sincerity: (S:) ― -b2- or falsified the opinion formed of him: or made a false charge. (A.) k*~b Eana qironihi He charged, and then retreated from his adversary. (Sh.) k*~b AlqitaAla He was cowardly in fight. Alt~ako*iybu in fighting is the contr. of AlS~idoqu. (TA.) ― -b3- k*~b Als~ayora [He slackened his pace, or became slow, after giving promise of being quick;] he did not proceed in his journey with energy. (TA.) ― -b4- maA ka*~aba A^ano faEala ka*aA (so in the TA, and in a MS. copy of the K: in the CK, and in two copies of the S, maA ka*aba:) (tropical:) He did not delay to do so: (S, K:) he was not cowardly and weak, and did not delay to do so. (TA.) -A3- k*~b Eano A^amorK qado A^araAdahu (tropical:) He abstained, or desisted, or drew back by reason of fear, from a thing that he had desired to do. (K.) ― -b2- k*~b (and ↓ ka*aba, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He (a wild beast) took a run, and then stopped to see what was behind him, (K,) whether he were pursued or not. (TA.) , inf. n. mukaA*abapN and ki*aAbN, I lied, &c., to him, and he to me. (K, * TA.) He found him a liar; an utterer of falsehood; or a sayer of what was untrue: (S, K:) or he said to him, “ Thou hast lied ”: &c.: (TA:) or this verb bears the former of these two significations, and ↓ k*~bh signifies the latter: (S:) or Ak*bh signifies he shewed him that he had told a lie, &c.: (Zj:) or Ak*bh signifies he announced that he had told, or related, a lie, &c.: and ↓ k*~bh, he announced his being a liar, &c.: (Ks, S:) or Ak*bh and ↓ k*~bh are syn.: but the former sometimes signifies he incited, urged, or induced, him to lie, &c. (a signification assigned to it in the K): and sometimes, he made manifest, or proved, his lying, &c. (a signification also assigned to it in the K): and he found him a liar, &c. (Th, S, * TA.) -A2- Ak*b, inf. n. A_iko*aAbN, (tropical:) He, being called to, or shouted to, remained silent, feigning to be asleep. (AA, K.) He affected lying: or he lied purposely (takal~afa Alka*iba). (S, K.) He told a lie; [like ka*ab.] (MA, KL.) [See also an instance in which it is trans., meaning He spoke falsely, voce tzE~m.] ― -b2- tk*~bhu, (K,) and tk*~b Ealayohi, (TA,) He asserted that he was a liar. (K.) Aboo-Bekr Es-Siddeek says, rasuwlN A^ataAhumo SaAdiqFA fataka*~abuwA Ealayohi waqaAluwA lasota fiynaA bimaA kivi [An apostle came to them, speaking truth; but they brought a charge of lying against him, or asserted him to be a liar, and said, Thou shalt not stay among us]. (TA.) They lied, &c., one to another. (S.) See also taSaAdaqaA. and ka*ibN and ka*abN and ku*obN i. q. kadobN &c. (K, art. kdb.) and ↓ A^uko*uwbapN [pl. A^akaA*iybu] (S, K) and ↓ ku*obaY and ↓ mako*uwbN (K: this last a pass. part. n. used in the sense of an inf. n., as is said to be done in only four other instances: MF) and ↓ mako*uwbapN (S, K: a fem. pass. part. n. which is less used in this manner than a masc.: TA [or perhaps an inf. n., as its contr. maSoduwqapN is said to be:]) and ↓ mako*abapN (K: a meemee inf. n. agreeable with analogy: TA) and ↓ muko*ubapN (CK: omitted in a MS. copy, and in the TA) and ↓ kaA*ibapN (S, K) and ↓ ku*obaAnN and ↓ ku*~aAbN (K) and ↓ tako*aAbN (L, art. msH,) are synonymous: (S, K) [all of these are regarded by some as inf. ns., signifying The act of lying; uttering a falsehood; or saying what is untrue: by others, all but the first seem to be regarded as simple substantives, signifying a lie; a falsehood; an untruth; a fiction; a fable: and the first, being an inf. n., is often used as a subst.] ― -b2- A_in~a baniY ↓ numayorK layosa lahumo mako*uwbapN [Verily no lying, or lie, is attributable to the sons of Numeyr] is related as a phrase of the Arabs. (Fr.) ― -b3- A_in~a baniY fulaAnK ↓ layosa liHad~ihimN mako*uwbapN; i. e., ka*ibN; [Verily no falsity is attributable to the valour of the sons of such a one]. (S.) ― -b4- ↓ layosa liwaqoEatihaA kaA*ibapN [Kur lvi. 2,] signifies There shall be no rejecting its happening [as a falsity]: kA*bp being here an inf. n.: (Fr) or kA*bp is here a subst. put in the place of an inf. n., like EaAqibapN and EaAfiypN and baAqiyapN. (S.) ― -b5- ↓ laA muko*abapa, and ↓ lA ku*obaY, and ↓ lA ku*obaAna, I do not accuse thee of lying; or make thee a liar: (TA:) [and in like manner] laA ku*oba laka, and lA ku*obaY laka, signify lA tako*iyba There is no accusing thee of lying; or making thee a liar. (Lb.) ― -b6- Al$~iEori ↓ takaA*iybu [The lies of poetry]. (TA.) ― -b7- jaAw^uwA EalaY qamiySihi bidamK ka*ibK, [Kur xii. 18, They brought, upon his shirt, false blood]: k*b here means ↓ mako*uwbK: (Fr and Abu-l- 'Abbás:) or is for *iY ka*ibK, meaning mako*uwbK fiyhi: (Zj:) or the blood is termed k*b because he (Jacob) was told a lie thereby. (Akh.) See another reading in art. kdb. : see ka*ibN. : see kaA*ibN. : see ka*ibN. and Alka*uwbapu (tropical:) Names of the soul. (AZ, K.) See 1. ― -b2- Sadaqatohu Alkaduwbu, [The soul (i. e. his soul) told him truth:] the soul diverted him, or hindered him, or held him back, from an undertaking, causing him to imagine himself unable to prosecute it. (TA.) One says so of a man who threatens another, and then belies himself, and is cowardly and weak. (AA.) Fr cites this hemistich: Hat~aY A_i*aA maA Sadaqatohu ku*ubuho Until, when his souls told him the truth, or diverted him, &c.: the poet assigning souls to the person spoken of because of the several opinions of the soul. (TA.) : see kaA*ibN. : see ka*ibN. (assumed tropical:) A piece of cloth that is dyed of various colours, or figured, as though it were embroidered, and stuck to the ceiling of a chamber: so called because one would imagine that it [meaning what is figured] is upon the ceiling, whereas it is upon a piece of cloth beneath the ceiling. (A, L.) and ↓ ka*~aAbN (fem. with p, TA,) and ↓ ka*uwbN and ↓ ku*abapN (S, K) and ↓ ka*uwbapN and ↓ tiki*~aAbN (like tiSid~aAqN, TA) and ↓ ka*obaAnN (K) and ↓ kayo*ubaAnN (S, K) and ↓ kayo*abaAnN (Az, K) and ↓ mako*abaAnN and ↓ mako*abaAnapN and ↓ ku*ubo*ubN and ↓ ku*~ubo*ubN (S, K; neither of which last two words has its like in measure, IJ) and ↓ ku*ubo*ubaAnN (K) epithets, applied to a man, from ka*aba “ he lied, &c.: ” (S, K, &c.:) [the first word a simple epithet, signifying Lying, &c.; or a liar: each of the others an intensive epithet, signifying Lying, &c., much; mendacious; or a great, or habitual, liar]. Pl. of the first word [kaA*ibuwna and] ku*~abN; and of the third, ku*ubN: (S:) or, accord. to some, the last is pl. of kaA*ibN, contr. to analogy; or pl. of ki*aAbN, which is an inf. n. used as an intensive epithet. (MF.) ― -b2- See ka*ibN ― -b3- naASiyapK kaA*ibapK, [in the Kur xcvi. 16,] signifies nASypK kA*bpK SaAHibuhaA [By] a forelock whose owner is a liar. (TA.) ― -b4- Of the same kind is the expression ↓ ruw^oyaA ka*uwbN, meaning rw^yA SaAHibuhaA kaA*ibN [A dream whereof the dreamer finds it to be false, or vain; i. e. a false, or vain, dream]. (TA.) [See also a verse cited voce xayaAlN.] ― -b5- qado yaSoduqu ↓ A_in~a Alka*uwba [Verily the habitual liar in some few instances speaks truth]. A proverb. (TA.) ― -b6- naAqapN kaA*ibN, and ↓ muka*~ibN, (tropical:) A she-camel that, being covered by the stallion, raises her tail, and then returns without conceiving. (En-Nadr, K.) ― -b7- HamolapN kaA*ibapN, and ↓ mako*uwbapN [lahaA? (see maSoduwqapN),] (tropical:) A charge that is followed up with cowardice and retreating. (TA.) -A2- Alka*~aAbaAni An epithet applied to Museylimeh El-Hanafee and El-Aswad El-'Ansee. (K.) [Each of them is called Alk*~Ab.] [More and most, lying, or mendacious]: see an ex. voce suhayolap. : see ka*ibN. and takaA*iybu: see ka*ibN. : see ka*ibN. : see ka*ibN. : see ka*ibN ― -b2- [One to whom a lie, falsehood, or untruth, is told: see ku*iba.] Ex. kul~u A@moriy^K biTawaAli AlEayo$i mako*uwbu Every man, in respect of the length of life, is lied to [by his own soul]. A proverb. (Meyd, &c.) ― -b3- qawolN mako*uwbN [originally mako*uwbN fiyhi] A false saying, or lie; [lit.] a saying in which a falsehood, or lie, is told. (M, TA, voce maqotuwtN.) : see ka*ibN. -A2- A weak woman. (IAar, K.) ― -b2- A virtuous woman. (TA.) [signifying lies, falsehoods, or untruths,] is said to be a word that has no proper sing.: or it is pl. of ka*ibN, contr. to analogy: or its sing. is mako*abN: like as is said of maHaAsinu and ma*aAkiru &c. (MF.) kr [kar~a, i. e.] kar~a binafosihi, as distinguished from the trans. kar~a, [aor. ,] (S, Mgh,) inf. n. kr~N, (S,) or kuruwrN, (Mgh,) [or both,] He returned. (S, Mgh.) You say kar~a Ealayohi, (A, K,) aor, , (TA,) inf. n. kar~N and kuruwrN and takoraArN (A, K) and kariyrN, (CK,) He turned to, or against, him, or it: (A, K:) he returned to or against, it: (TA:) the primary signification is the turning to, or against, a thing, either in person, or in act. (El-Basáïr.) And Ainohazama vum~a kar~a Ealayohi [He was put to flight: then he returned, or turned back, against him]. (A.) And kar~a AlfaArisu, aor. , inf. n. kar~N, The horseman [wheeled round, or about, or] fled, to wheel round, or about, and then returned to the fight: (Msb:) [or returned to the fight after wheeling round, or about, or retiring, or being put to flight; as is implied in the phrase next preceding, from the A, and in many other examples: and simply, he charged, or assaulted: opposed to far~a: see kar~apN, below.] You say also AljawaAdu yaSoluHu lilokar~i waA@lofar~i [The courser is suitable, or fit, for returning to the fight, or for charging, or assaulting, and fleeing]. (Msb.) [And kar~a signifies He, or it, returned time after time.] You say A^afonaAhu kar~u All~ayoli waAln~ahaAri The returning of night and day time after time caused him to come to an end. (Msb.) Also kar~a Eanohu He returned from him, or it. (A, K.) And Eano *`lika ↓ takarokara He returned from that. (TA.) -A2- kar~a is also trans., as well as intrans.; (S,) TA;) kar~ahu, (aor. , TA,) inf. n. kar~N, signifying He made, or caused, him, or it, to return: (S, Mgh, TA:) and [in like manner,] Eano ↓ karokarahu ka*aA, inf. n. karokarapN, he made him to return, or revert, from such a thing. (TA.) You say kar~a Ealayohi rumoHahu, and farasahu, inf. n. kar~N, [He turned back his spear, and his horse, against him]. (A.) -A3- kar~a, aor. , (S, K,) and [see. pers. karirota,] aor. , (K,) inf. n. kariyrN, (S, A, * K, * TA,) He uttered a sound like that of one throttled, or strangled: (S, K:) or like that of one harassed, or fatigued, or overburdened: (TA:) or he rattled in his throat (Ha$uraja) in dying: (AZ, S:) or he made a sound in his breast like Ha$orajapN [or rattling in the throat in dying], (A, TA) but not the same as this latter: and thus do horses, in their breasts. (TA.) [See $axara.] ― -b2- Also, He (a sick man) gave up his spirit, at death. (TA.) ― -b3- See also kariyrN, below. , inf. n. takoriyrN (S, Msb, K) and takoraArN, (S, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) or, as AA said to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, in reply to a question respecting the difference between the measures tafoEaAlN and tifoEaAlN, the latter is a simple subst., and the former, with fet-h, is an inf. n., (S, TA,) [but there are two inf. ns. of the measure tifoEaAlN, both of unaugmented verbs, namely tiboyaAnN and tiloqaA='N,] and takir~apN, (Ibn-Buzurj, K,) [He repeated it, or reiterated it, either once or more than once:] he repeated it several times; reiterated it: (Msb:) or he repeated it one time after another; (K;) which may mean he tripled it, unless the “ other ” time be not reckoned as a repetition; (TA;) as also ↓ karokarahu; (K; [in the CK, karokarapF is put by mistake for karokarahu;]) either by act or by speech: (MF:) it differs from A^aEaAdahu, which signifies only “ he repeated it once; ” for none but the vulgar say A^aEaAdahu mar~aAtK; whereas kar~arahu may signify [not only the same as A^aEaAdahu, as it does in many instances, but also] he repeated it time after time: (Aboo-Hilál El-'Askeree:) some explain kar~arahu as signifying he mentioned it twice, and he mentioned it one time after another: (Sadr-ed-Deen Zádeh:) when it is used in the former of these two senses, the term takoraArN applies to the second, and to the first [with respect to the second]: ('Ináyeh, in the early part of chap. ii.; and TA:) but its explanation as signifying the mentioning a thing one time after another is a conventional rendering of the rhetoricians: (MF:) Es-Suyootee says, that takoraArN signifies the renewing the first word or phrase; and it denotes a sort of taA^okiyd [or corroboration]: but it is said to be a condition of tA^kyd that the words or phrases [which are repeated] be without interruption, and occur not more than three times; and that tkrAr differs from it in both these particulars; so that the phrase in the Kur, [chap. lv.,] fabiA^aY~i A=laA='i rab~ikumaA tuka*~ibaAni is an instance of tkrAr, not of tA^kyd, because it occurs [with interruptions and] more than three times; and so another phrase in the Kur, [chap. lxxvii.,] wayolN yawomay^i*K lilomuka*~ibiyna. (TA.) You say kar~ar EalaY samoEihi ka*aA [He repeated, or reiterated, such a thing, or saying, to his ear, or ears, or hearing]. (A.) [It became repeated, or reiterated: and it recurred]. You say tkr~r Ealayohi [It (a saying) became repeated, or reiterated, to him]. (A.) : see 1: and 2. : see 1. A rope [made in the form of a hoop] by means of which one ascends a palm-tree; (S, K;) accord. to A'Obeyd, a name not applied to any other rope; and so, says Az, I have heard from the Arabs; it is made of the best of [the fibres of the palm-tree called] liyf: (TA:) or a thick rope; (K;) accord. to AO, made of liyf, and of the outer covering (qi$or) of the [portions of the racemes of the palm-tree called] Earajiyn and of the [portion of the branch called] Easiyb: (TA:) or a rope, in general: (Th, K:) and the rope [or sheet] of a sail: (S:) or the rope of a ship: or the rope by which a ship is drawn: (TA:) and a qayod [or pair of shackles, or hobbles,] made of liyf or of palm-leaves: (K:) pl. kuruwrN. (S, TA.) -A2- The thing that connects the [two pieces of wood called] ZalifataAni of the [kind of camel's saddle called] raHol, (S, K,) and that enters [or is inserted] into them: (S:) [See $ajorN and $axorN:] or the skin, or leather, into which the ZalifaAt of the raHol enter; occupying the same place in the raHol as the bidaAdaAni have in the qatab, excepting that the bdAdAn do not appear before the Zalifap: (TA:) pl. A^akoraArN. (S, TA.) A certain measure of capacity, (Mgh, Msb, K,) of the people of El-'Irák, (Mgh, K,) for wheat; (S;) well known; (Msb;) consisting of six ass-loads, (K,) that is, sixty times the quantity called qafiyz, (Az, Mgh, Msb, K,) accord. to the people of El-'Irák, (TA,) the qfyz being eight makaAkiyk, [in the TA, six, but this is a mistake,] and the mak~uwk being a SaAE and a half, which is three kiylajaAt; so that the kur~, accord. to this reckoning, is twelve times the quantity called wasoq, (Az, Mgh, Msb,) each wsq being sixty times the quantity called SAE: (Az, Mgh:) in the Kitáb Kudámeh, it is said that the kur~ called AlmuEad~alu is sixty times the quantity called qfyz, and the qfyz is ten A^aEo$iraA=': and the kur~ called Alqanoqalu is twice the quantity of the kur~ muEad~al, that is, by the qfyz of the mEd~l, a hundred and twenty times the quantity of the qfyz; with this kr~ are measured unripe dates and dried dates and also olives, in the districts of El-Basrah; and the qfyz used for measuring dates is twenty-five times the riTol of Baghdád; so that the kur~u Alqanoqali is three thousand times as much as the rTl: and the kur~ called AlhaA$imiY~u is the third part of the mEd~l, that is, twenty times as much as the qfyz, by the measure of the mEd~l; with this kur~, rice is measured: and the kur~ called AlhaAruwniY~u is equal to them two [but what these two are is not shown]: and the A^ahowaAziY~ is equal to them two: and the maxotuwm is sixth part of the qfyz: and the qfyz is the tenth part of the jariyb: (Mgh:) or the kur~ is forty times as much as the quantity called A_irodab~; (K;) by the reckoning of the people of Egypt, as ISd says: (TA:) the pl. is A_ikraAr. (S, Msb.) [It is app. connected with the Hebrew כֹּר, whence the Greek ko/ros (a measure containing, accord. to Josephus, six Attic medimni,) occurring in Luke xvi. 7.] A return. (Msb.) So in the Kur, [ii. 162,] lawo A^an~a lanaA kar~apF [Would that there were for us] a return to the world, or former state. And so in xxvi. 102, and xxxix. 59. (Jel.) And so in the saying of Mohammad, All~`ha All~`ha waA@lokar~apa EalaY nabiy~ikumo Fear ye God, [fear ye God,] and return to your prophet. (Mgh.) ― -b2- [Hence, The return to life;] the resurrection; the renewal of mankind, or of the creation, after perishing. (TA.) ― -b3- [Hence also, A return to the fight, after wheeling away, or retiring: and simply,] a charge, or an assault, (Mgh, K,) in war; (TA;) as also ↓ kur~aY: (Sgh, K:) pl. kar~aAtN. (K.) ― -b4- [Hence also,] A time; one time; [in the sense of the French “ fois ”; generally repeated, or used in the pl. form, so as to denote a returning to an action, once, or more; i. e., repetition, or reiteration, thereof, agreeably with the primary signification;] syn. mar~apN: (S, K:) pl. as above. (S.) You say faEalahu kar~apF baEoda kar~apK [He did it time after time]. And faEalahu kar~aAtK [He did it several times]. (A.) ― -b5- [Hence also,] A turn to prevail against an opposing party; victory. So in the Kur, [xvii. 6,] vum~a radadonaA lakumu Alkar~apa Ealayohimo [Then we gave to you the turn to prevail against them; the victory over them]. (Bd, Jel.) : see kar~apN. , an inf. n.: see 1. ― -b2- Also, A hoarseness or roughness of the voice, occasioned by dust. (K.) : see mikar~N. The callosity, or callous protuberance, upon the breast of the camel, (raHaY zawori AlbaEiyri, S, K,) which, when the animal lies down, touches [and rests] upon the ground, projecting from his body, like a cake of bread; (TA;) it is one of the five vafinaAt [of which there is one at each knee and one at each stifle-joint]: (S, TA:) or the breast of any animal of which the foot is of the kind called xuf~: (K:) pl. karaAkiru. (TA.) Haz~u AlkaraAkiri [lit. The incision of the krAkr] is when a camel has a disease, so that he is not even when he lies down upon his breast; in consequence of which, a vein is gently drawn forth from the krkrp, and then he [or it] is cauterized. Hence the following, in a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr: EaTaAw^ukumu lilD~aAribiyna riqaAbakumo wanudoEaY A_i*aA maA kaAna Haz~u A@lokaraAkiri [Your bounty is for those who smite your necks, and we are invited when there is a difficult undertaking to be accomplished, like the incision of the krAkr:] meaning, ye invite us only when ye are distressed, because of our skill in war; and on occasions of bounty, and ampleness of the means or circumstances of life, others. (IAth.) A place of war or fighting [where the combatants return time after time to the conflict, wheeling away and then turning back]. (S) One who returns often [to the fight, after wheeling away, or retiring, or being put to flight]; as also ↓ kar~aArN. (K) ― -b2- farasN mikar~N A horse that is suitable, or fit, for returning to the fight, and for charging, or assaulting. (S.) And farasN mikar~N mifar~N A horse well trained, willing, and active, ready to return to the fight and to flee. (TA.) ― -b3- naAqapN mikar~apN A she-camel that is milked twice every day. (A, Sgh, K.) [Repeated; reiterated]. ― -b2- Almukar~aru The letter r: (K:) because of the faltering of the tip of the tongue which is observable when one pauses after uttering it, occasioned by the reiteration with which that is done; wherefore, with respect to A_imaAlap, [as an obstacle thereto,] it is reckoned as two letters. (TA.) ― -b3- [mukar~arN, in the present day, also signifies Refined, as an epithet applied to sugar, &c.] krb , aor. , inf. n. kuruwbN, It was, or became, near; drew near; approached. (S, K.) [Compare qaruba.] ― -b2- [You say] karaba A^ano yakuwna, and karaba yakuwnu, He, or it, was near, or nigh, to being ― -b3- . (TA.) This is one of the verbs to which one does not give as its enunciative the act. part. n. of the verb which is its proper enunciative: [so that] you do not say, karaba kaAy^inFA: [in which karaba implies the pron. huwa, which is called its noun; and kAy^nA is put for yakuwnu, or A^ano yakuwna, its proper enunciative]. (Sb.) karaba A^ano yafoEala ka*aA He was near, or nigh, to doing so; he well nigh, or almost, did so. (S, K.) ― -b4- karabati Al$~amosu The sun was, or became, near to setting. (S, K.) ― -b5- krbt AljaAriyapu An tudorika The girl was near to coming of age. (TA.) ― -b6- karabato HayaApu Aln~aAri The fire was near to becoming extinguished. (S, K.) -A2- karaba He bound near together the two pasterns of an ass or of a camel with a rope or with shackles. (TA.) ― -b2- karaba Alqayoda He straitened, or made narrow, the shackle, or shackles, (S, K, TA,) upon the [animal] shackled. (S, K.) 'Abd-Allah Ibn- 'Anameh Ed-Dabbee says, A^azojuro HimaAraka laA yarotaEo birawoDatinaA A_i*FA yurad~a waqayodu AlEayori makoruwbu [Check thine ass: let him not pasture at large in our meadow: in that case he will be sent back with the ass's shackles straitened]: (S:) meaning Do not venture to revile us; for we are able to shackle this ass, and to prevent his acting as he pleaseth. (L.) See Ham, p. 290. ― -b3- karaba, aor. , He loaded a she-camel. (S, K.) -A3- karabahu, (aor. , inf. n. karobN, TA,) It (sorrow, grief, &c., S, K, or an affair, Msb, TA) afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, him, (S, Msb, K,) so that it filled his heart with rage. (Msb.) See also 8. -A4- karaba Ald~alowa, aor. , (inf. n. karobN, TA,) and ↓ kr~bhA, (K,) and ↓ AkrbhA, (S, K,) He put or attached, a karab to the bucket. (S, K.) ― -b2- kariba, aor. , The rope called karab of his bucket broke. (K.) karaba, aor. ; and ↓ kr~b; explained by the words TaqoTaqa Alkariyba lixa$abapi Alxab~aAzi [app. meaning, He caused the kryb (a baker's wooden implement) to make a sound, or a reiterated sound, such as is termed TaqoTaqap]. (K.) -A5- karaba; (accord. to the K;) or ↓ kr~b, inf. n. takoriybN; (accord. to IM;) He sowed land such as is called kariybN. (K.) ― -b2- karaba AlA^aroDa, aor. , inf. n. karobN and kiraAbN, He turned over the ground for sowing, (K,) or for cultivating. (S, Msb.) -A6- karaba, aor. , He took the karab (or lower parts, or ends, of the branches) from the palm-trees. (IAar, K.) He lopped a palmtree. (Msb.) -A7- karaba, aor. ; and ↓ kr~b; He ate the dates called kuraAbap. (K.) -A8- karaba, aor. , inf. n. karobN, He twisted [a rope &c.] (qutala: accord. to some copies of the K) or he slew (qatala: accord to other copies of the same). kr~b: see 1 in four places. i. q. qArbh, He, or it, approached, or was or became near to, him, or it. (K.) The k is substituted for q. (TA.) [He, or it, affected him with karob, i. e. sorrow, grief, distress, or affliction: occurring in the TA in several places.] -A2- Akrb, inf. n. A_ikoraAbN, He filled (K) a skin. (TA.) ― -b2- Akrb AlA_inaA'a He nearly filled the vessel: [as also Aqrbh]. (TA.) ― -b3- See 1. -A3- Akrb, inf. n. A_ikoraAbN, (tropical:) He hastened, or sped: (S, K:) he ran, in the manner termed A_iHoDaAr and Eadow. (AZ.) You say, xu*o rijolayoka biA_ikoraAbK [Take up thy feet with speed,] when you order one to hasten in his pace. (S.) In this sense, A^akoraba is said of a man, but seldom; and of a horse, or other animal that runs. (Lth, Lh.) He picked the dates called kuraAbap (K) from among the roots of the branches (TA) [after the racemes of fruit had been cut off]; and tkr~b Aln~axolapa he picked the dates that were among the roots of the branches of the palm-tree, as also taxal~alahaA. (AHn, TA in art. xl.) He became afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, by sorrow, grief, &c., (K,) or by an affair (TA) so also ↓ kariba, aor. . (TA.) [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.] ― -b2- [You say] h`*ahi A_ibilN miAy^apN A^awo karobuhaA (this is the right reading; and some say that ↓ kurobuhaA is correct: TA: [the latter is the reading in the CK:]) There are a hundred camels, or about that number; or nearly so. (K.) krb is syn. with qurobN. (L.) -A2- karobN (S, O, K) and ↓ kurobapN (S, O, Msb, K) Grief [or distress, that affects the breath or respiration, [lit.] that takes away the breath: (S, O, and so accord. to some copies of the K, [agreeably with present usage, see bahorN, last sentence:]) or the soul: (so [erroneously] accord. to some copies of the K) or anxiety, solicitude, or disquietude of the mind: (Msb:) [or grief, or anxiety, that presses heavily upon the heart:] or both signify anxiety, grief, or intense grief: (MA:) pl. of the former kuruwbN, (K,) and of the latter kurabN. (Msb.) : see karobN. The rope that is tied to the bucket after the maniyn, which is the first [or main] rope, so that it (the krb) remains if the mnyn break: or the rope that is tied to the middle of the cross-bars of the bucket, (and is then doubled, and then trebled, S,) so as to be that which is next the water, in order that the great rope may not rot: (S, K:) but in a marginal note in a copy of the S, it is said that this latter explanation properly applies to the darak; not to the krb: (IM:) pl. A^akoraAbN. (TA.) -A2- karabN [coll. gen. n.] The lower parts, or ends, of palm-branches, (S, K,) which are thick and broad, (K,) like shoulderblades: (S:) or the stumps of the branches, or what remain upon the palm-tree, of the lower parts, or ends, of the branches, after the lopping, like steps: n. un. with p. (TA.) Hence the proverb, mataY kaAna Hukomu All~`hi fiY karabi Aln~axoli [When was the wisdom of God in the stumps, or lower ends, of palm-branches?] (S.) Said by Jereer, in reply to Es-Salatán El-'Abdee, who had pronounced El-Ferezdak superior to Jereer in point of lineage, and Jereer superior to ElFerezdak as a poet. IB denies it to be a proverb; but IM contends against him that it is, [The meaning is, When was God's wisdom in husbandmen, and possessors of palm-trees? for the region of Es-Salatán's tribe abounded in palm-trees. The words are applied to a man who provokes another to a contest for excellence, being unworthy of the contest. See Freytag, Arab. Prov., ii. 628.] : see karobN. sing. of kiraAbN, which latter signifies The channels in which water flows (S) in a valley: (K:) or the upper parts (Suduwr) of valleys. (AA.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, describing bees, jawaArisuhaA taA^owiY Al$~uEuwfa dawaAy^ibFA watanoSab~u A^alohaAbFA maSiyfFA kiraAbuhaA [The eaters, or feeders, among them, resort to the upper parts of the mountains, busily engaged, and pour down (into) ravines with crooked water-channels]. (S.) [jwArs, $Ewf, and mSyf, are explained as above in the TA: and AlhAb is said in the S and TA, art. lhb, to be here pl. of lihobN. In a copy of the S, this last is erroneously written A_ilohaAbFA.] -A2- karabapN (in the TA, written karabN,) The piece of wood (zir~) in which is inserted the head of a tent-pole. (K.) A vessel nearly full: (S:) fem. karobaA'u; pl. karobaY and kiraAbN. (TA.) Yaakoob asserts, that the k in this word is a substitute for the q in qarobaAnu; but ISd denies this. (TA.) [app. kiraAb or kuraAb] What is less than jumaAmu A_inaAwi; [i. e., what is nearly equal to the full, or piled-up, contents, or measure, of a vessel]. (TA.) See qiraAbN. [The turning over of the soil is the work of the oxen]: a proverb. (S, K.) See art. kilb: [where other readings, namely AlkiraAba and AlkilaAba and AlkilaAbu, are mentioned]. (K.) i. q. qaraAHN [Land which has neither water nor trees: or land that is cleared for sowing and planting: pl., app., kiraAbN: see an ex. near the end of the first paragraph of art. xtm:] (K:) and jaAdisN [land that is not cultivated nor ploughed], that has never been sowed. (TA.) See also jariybN. -A2- A wooden implement of a baker, or maker of bread, with which he forms the cakes of bread (yurag~ifu). (K.) [In the TA is added “ in the oven ”: but I doubt the propriety of this addition.] -A3- A knot, or joint, (kaEobN), of a reed or cane. (K.) -A4- Accord. to IAar, i. q. $uwbaqN, which is the same as fayolakuwnN. [$wbq is an arabicised word, from the Persian $uwbajo, or Juwbaho, both of which signify a rolling-pin, and this meaning is given to $wbq and $wbk in the present day. It should be remarked, however, that karoniyb (with n), which is probably a corruption of kariybN, is a name often given in Egypt, in the present day, to a baker's peel.] In the L, kryb is explained, as on the authority of Kr, by sawiyqN; but this is probably a mistake for $wbq. (TA.) See makoruwbN. : see kuraAbapN (S, K) and ↓ karaAbapN (K), but the former is the more approved word, (TA,) Dates that are picked from among the roots of the branches (S, K) after the racemes of fruit have been cut off: (S:) the scattered dates that remain at the roots of the branches: (AHn, TA voce xulaAlapN, which signifies the same:) pl. A^akoribapN, in the formation of which, the augmentative letter (meaning the fem. p, TA,) seems to have been rejected [or disregarded]; for fuEaAlapN (this is the right reading; TA; but in some copies of the K we read fuEaAlaY, and in others fuEaAl;) does not form a pl. on the measure A^afoEilapN. (K.) ― -b2- AHn says, that in this verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, kaA^an~amaA maDomaDato min m~aA'i A^akoribapK EalaY sayaAbapi naxlK duwnahu malaqu Akrbp signifies Mountain-tops, from which the water of the mountains flows down; and that its pl. is karobapN: but ISd remarks, that this assertion is not valid; because a sing. of such a measure does not form a pl. on the measure A^afoEilapN. He also says, in one place, that Akrbp is [said to be] pl. of krAbp, which signifies “ dates that fall among the roots of the palm-branches; ” but [that] this is a mistake: upon which ISd remarks, In like manner, [this] his saying is in my opinion a mistake. (TA.) A misfortune; a calamity: (S:) or a severe misfortune, or calamity: (K:) pl. karaAy^ibu. (S.) (K) and Alkar~uwbiy~uwna, or this latter is a mistake, and Alkaruwbiy~apu, (TA,) [Hebr. כְּרֻבִים Cherubim,] the chiefs, or princes, of the angels; the archangels; (K;) of whom are Jebraeel and Meekáeel and Isráfeel; who are also called Almuqar~abuwna, accord. to Abu-l-'Áliyeh: (TA:) the nearest of the angels to the bearers of the throne: so called from krb as signifying “ nearness ” or the “ being near: ” (L:) or from their firmness, or compactness, of make; [see mukorabN] because of their strength, and their patience in worship: or from karabN, “ sorrow &c., ” because of their fear and awe of God. (MF.) Sh quotes the following of Umeiyeh: karuwbiy~apN minohumo rukuwEN wasuj~adN [Archangels, among whom are (some) that bend down the body, and (some) that prostrate themselves]. (TA.) There is not any one in the house. (S, K.) [Becoming near; drawing near; approaching]: near; nigh. (TA.) ― -b2- 'Abd-Keys Ibn-Khufáf El-Burjumee says, A^abunaY~a A_in~a A^abaAka kaAribu yawomihi faA_i*aA duEiyta A_ilaY AlmakaArimi faA@Eojali [O my child, verily thy father is near to his day (of death): therefore when thou shalt be called to (the performance of ) generous actions, make haste]. (S.) -A2- A^amorN kaAribu An afflicting, distressing, or oppressive, affair. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) A joint full of sinews (K.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) A hard hoof. (TA.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) A firm, or compact, beast of carriage: (S:) a horse of strong and firm make: (AA:) a firm, or compact, (or strongly compacted, TA,) rope, building, joint, or horse: (K:) a strong horse. (ISd.) ― -b4- mukorabu AlmafaASili, (A,) and AlmfASl ↓ makoruwbu, (Lth,) (tropical:) An animal of firm joints. (Lth, A.) ― -b5- mukorabu Alxaloqi (assumed tropical:) Of firm make. (TA.) -A2- mukorabaAtN Camels that are brought to the doors of the tents, or dwellings, in the season of severe cold, in order that they may be warmed by the smoke: (K:) [or] i. q. muqorabaAtN: see muqorabN. (TA.) -A3- dalowN mukorabapN A bucket having a karab attached to it. (S.) and ↓ kariybN Afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, by sorrow, grief, or anxiety. (K, Msb.) -A2- See also mukorabN. krbH He prostrated another: or, [evidently a mistake for and,] inf. n. karobaHapN, he ran heavily; (K;) as also karomaHa: (TA:) and he ran at a slower pace than that termed karodaHapN, (K,) or karodamapN, which is a pace of the ass and mule only. (L.) krbs A coarse garment or pieces of cloth: (Msb:) or coarse garments or pieces of cloth: (S: [but this explanation is omitted in some copies:]) or a garment or piece of cloth of white cotton: (K:) and so kirobaAsapN: (TA:) or the latter is a more particular term: (S:) [i. e., the former is a coll. gen. n., and the latter is the n. un.:] a Persian word arabicized; (S, Msb, K;) originally with fet-h, [karobaAs,] altered because of the rareness of the measure faEolaAlN, (K,) in the cases of words not reduplicative: (TA:) [or from כְּרֻבִים, (see Est. i. 6,) whence also kurofusN, and κάρπασος, and carbasus:] pl. karaAbiysu. (S, Msb.) A seller of karaAbiys: (Msb:) a rel. n., app. likened to A^noSaAriY~N; for otherwise, by rule, it should be kirobaAsiY~N. (Lth, K.) krbE See Supplement krbq The shop of a vintner: syn. HaAnuwt. As, in TA, voce xS.) krbl See Supplement krt A complete year. (S, K.) And so a day, and a month. (TA.) krtb i. q. tql~b (He turned over upon us or turned against us:) accord. to the K: but accord. to the L and other lexicons, i. q. tgl~b (He got possession of us, or obtained the mastery over us, by force). (TA.) krtH , inf. n. karotaHapN, He (a short man) ran with short steps, and quickly; as also karodaHa. (S, art. krdH.) ― -b2- Also, (TA,) and ↓ takarotaHa, (K,) He went quickly in his walk. (K, TA.) see 1. krv , aor. (and , TA, as from the K, inf. n. karovN; TA) and ↓ Akrvhu; It (grief, S, and an affair, TA) pressed severely upon him; oppressed him; afflicted him; distressed him; vexed him: (S, K, TA:) [as also qaravahu]. As rejects the first form, although Ru-beh uses the expression. [You say,] karavaniY AlA^amoru The thing grieved and oppressed me: (As, in TA [but see above:] or pained me. (AA, Skr. p. 20.) ― -b2- karavahu AlA^amoru The affair moved him. (A) see 1. It (a rope) broke. (K.) He was oppressed, afflicted, distressed, or vexed. (Lth.) ― -b2- maA A^akotarivu lahu (in some copies of the S, bihi, which is more common, MF) I care not for him, or it: (S, K:) or I am not moved by, and do not care for, mind, heed, or regard, him, or it: (A:) or, as some say, I turn not my face towards him, or it: like A^alotafitu. (TA.) The affirmative phrase A^akotarivu lahu is a deviation from ordinary usage. (Nh.) [coll. gen. n.] A certain kind of large trees, (K,) growing on the mountains. (AHn.) [F mentions his having seen them on the mountains of Et-Táïf.] -A2- And see kur~aAvN. : see kaArivN. ― -b2- A_in~ahu lakariyvu AlA^amori [Verily he is in oppressive, afflicting, or distressing, circumstances; or timid, and retiring]: said when one is timid, or cowardly, and draws back, or desists [from an affair]. (K.) And fulaAnN kariyvN Eani AlA^amori Such a one is a recoiler, or shrinker, from the affair. (A in art. rbv.) -A2- kariyvN is also syn. with ↓ makoruwvN [Oppressed, afflicted, distressed, or vexed: and app. attended with difficulty: see rabiyvN] (T in art. rbv:) or kariyvN and ↓ makoruwvN both signify pained. (AA, Skr, p. 20.) , and karaAvaA='u, [in the copies of the K, both words are written without tenween; if rightly introduced here they would be with tenween,] (like qariyvaA='u and qaraAvaA='u, TA,) Good, or sweet, dates, (K.) full-grown, and ripening. (TA.) The leading lexicologists [except the author of the K] agree in mentioning kryvA' [only] in art. krv; like qryvA' in qrv: and the author of the K mentions both again in chapter v. Ibn-Esh-Sheybánee says, qryvA' and kryvA' signify a kind of date (tamor): and some say, a kind of full-grown, ripening date (busor), of a black colour, the skin of which quickly falls off: accord. to the Fs, a well-known kind of full-grown, green date; and said to be the best, or sweetest, kind of date in the full-grown, green state (TA.) : see kur~aAvN. (S, Msb, K) and ↓ kar~aAvN (Kr, K) and ↓ karaAvN (Aboo-'Alee El Kálee) [each a coll. gen. n.,] A certain herb, or leguminous plant, (S, Msb, K,) well-known, of foul odour, (Msb, TA,) and of disagreeable juice; (TA;) [the common leek; or allium porrum of Linn; or leeks:] kur~aAvapN is a more particular term; (Msb;) [i. e. it is the n. un. of kar~aAvN, signifying a single leek.] , and ↓ kariyvN, An affair that presses severely upon one; that oppresses, afflicts, distresses, or vexes. (K.) ― -b2- karavatohu AlkawaArivu Affairs pressed heavily upon him; or oppressed him. (A.) Alkurobu AlkawaArivu [Oppressive sorrows, or anxieties.] (S.) (See Har. p. 245) : see kariyvN. krvA^ , [inf. n, karovaA^apN;] and ↓ tkrvA^; [like krfA^ and tkrfA^;] It (hair, K, or a collection of clouds, TA, &c, K) became large in quantity, (K,) and intricate, or confused; in the dial. of the tribe of Asad; (TA;) and heaped up. (K.) Clouds high and piled up, one upon another. (K.) -A2- kiroviy^N An egg-shell. (K, TA.) Accord. to Sb, from krav. (TA.) : see kiroviy^apN. and ↓ karoviy^apN Dense and tangled plants. (K.) -A2- kiroviy^apN and ↓ karoivy^apN The froth of churned milk, when the milk of an ewe is milked upon it and it rises in consequence thereof. Accord. to Sb, from krv. (TA.) and kariyvaA='u: see art. krv. krj , aor. ; (or karaja, inf. n. karajN, as in the L,) and ↓ Akrj; (K;) and ↓ kr~j; (S, K;) and ↓ tkr~j; (S, MA, K;) It (bread) spoiled, or became bad, or corrupt, (S, MA, K,) and was overspread with greenness; (S, K;) it became mouldy or musty. (MA.) ― -b2- karaja It (a thing) became corrupt. (IAar, L.) ― -b3- ↓ tkr~j It (wheat, or food, TaEaAm,) became spoiled, and overspread with greenness. (L.) see 1. see 1. see 1. A muhor [lit. a horse-colt, but app. meaning a mock colt, or hobby horse,] (K,) with which one plays: (TA:) [a thing] made (yut~axa*u) like a horse-colt, upon which one plays: (Lth:) an arabicized word, from kur~aho, (S, K,) which is the name of it in Persian. (S.) [Jereer, in two verses, mentions the jalaAjil, or little round bells, of a kr~j.] i. q. mukar~ajN [Bread that is spoiled, and overspread with greenness; mouldy bread]. (IAar, L.) krd , (aor. , S, L,) inf. n. karodN, He drove, (L, K,) drove away, and repelled, a people: (S, L:) accord. to some, he drove the enemy in a charge or assault: (L:) he drove away the enemy: (K:) he repelled them and drove them away with his sword. (L.) ― -b2- He turned him back from his opinion. (L.) -A2- He cut off [a thing.] (K.) , (K,) inf. n. mukaAradapN, (S,) He charged upon, or assaulted, or attacked, him, (S, K,) and repelled him, (K,) the latter doing the same. (S, K.) The neck; (S, L, K;) a Persian word, arabicized: (S, L:) or (properly, L) the base of the neck: (L, K:) or the place where the head is set upon the neck: i. q. qarodN: (L:) the back of the neck; as also ↓ karodanN and qarodanN (IAar, T, L.) a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.] of which the sing. [or n. un.] is ↓ kurodapN, the latter signifying A ma$aArap, (O, L,) i. e. channel of water for irrigation, (TA, [but see this word, and what follows here below,]) of places, [or plots] of seed- produce: (O, L, TA:) this is what is meant in the K by the saying that Alkurodu signifies Ald~aborapu mina AlmazaAriEi, and that the n. un. is with p: (TA:) an instance of agreement between the languages of the Arabs and the 'Ajam; or, as some assert, an Arabic word derived from AlmukaAradapu: (O:) or kurodN signifies a daborap, and is [originally] a Pers. word: and the pl. is kuruwdN: and kurodapN is like kurodN [in signification]: (L:) [see also daborapN, voce daborN:] or kurodapN signifies a piece of land, or of sown land, or one having a raised border; and its pl. is kuradN [app. a mistranscription for the coll. gen. n. kurodN]. (MA.) A certain nation; [the Gordiæi: (Golius:) n. un. kurodiY~N:] pl. A^akoraAdN: (S, L, K:) respecting their origin authors differ: it is said that their ancestor was Kurd the son of 'Amr Muzeykiyà the son of 'Ámir Má-es-Semà, not 'Ámir the son of Má-es-Semà, as in the K, for Má-es-Semà was a surname of 'Ámir: (TA:) or they are the remains of the people whom Beewarásf, also called Ed-Dahhák, used to eat: (IKt, MF, TA:) or their ancestor was Kurd the son of Ken'án (or Canaan) the son of Koosh (or Cush) the son of Hám (or Ham) the son of Nooh (or Noah): they consist of countless tribes, differing in language and condition, but all are reduced to four principal tribes, the swrAn and the kwrAn and the kulhr and the lur: (Mohammad Efendee El-Kurdee:) or their ancestor was Kurd the son of 'Amr the son of 'Ámir the son of Saasa'ah: (Abu-l-Yakdhán:) El-Mes'oodee says, that some assert them to be of the descendants of Rabee'ah the son of Nizár: others, that they are of the descendants of Mudar the son of Nizár: others, that they are descended from Kurd the son of Ken'án the son of Koosh the son of Hám: and he adds, that they are apparently of the offspring of Hám, like the Persians: that among the known tribes of which they consist are the swrAny~p, the kwrAnyp, the EmAdyp, the HkAryp, the mHmwdyp, the bxtyp, the b$wyp, the jwbyp, the zrzAy^yp, the mhrAnyp, the jAwdAnyp, the rDAy^yp, the srwjyp, the hArwnyp, and the lryp: and that their countries are Persia, and 'Irák el-'Ajam, and Ádharbeeján, and Irbil, and El-Mósil. (Mo- hammad Efendee El-Kurdee.) [Many other assertions as to the origin of this people are made by other authors.] : see karodN. : see kurodN. an appellation of certain dogs [app. belonging to the kurod]. (M voce tadomuriy~apN.) : see kirodiydapN. A large portion of dates. (L, K.) ― -b2- Also, The [kind of basket of palm-leaves called] jl~apN in which dates are put: (Seer, L, K:) or the dates remaining upon the sides in the lower part of the jul~ap: (S, L, K:) as also ↓ kirodiy~apN: (K:) pl. karaAdiydu (S, L, K) and kiraAdN. (K.) A mustache cut off. (K.) krdH , inf. n. karodaHapN, He (a short man) ran with short steps, and quickly; as also karotaHa and karomaHa. (S.) ― -b2- He (an ass) ran leaning on one side; as also karodama. (L.) ― -b3- He went slowly. (IAar.) He went quickly in his walk; i. q. takarotaHa. (K.) ― -b2- He, or it, rolled. (S, K.) Ex. saqaTa mina Als~aToHi fatakarodaHa He fell from the flat top, or roof, of the house, and rolled. (As, S.) A quick run, (K,) with short steps. (TA.) [See also Q. 1.] , which accord. to analogy should be karodaHFY, A kind of walk, (K,) with short steps, and quick. (TA.) Running quickly; or a quick runner; (K;) with short steps. (TA.) krds See Supplement krdm See arts. krbH and krdH and krmH and Supplement. krz The [double bag, or double sack, called] xuroj (ISk, S, K) of the pastor, (K,) in which he carries his provisions and utensils, and which is also put upon the back of the [ram called] kar~aAz: (TA:) or a juwaAliq [or sack]: (A, Msb:) or a small jwAlq: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akoraAzN (ISd, TA) and [of mult.] kirazapN. (S, K.) [See baTiynN.] ― -b2- [See Supplement.] The ram that carries the xuroj [i. e. the kuroz q. v.] of the pastor: (S, Msb, K:) he goes before the people, (TA,) and has no horns; (S, Msb;) because that which has horns (AlA^aqoranu) diverts himself with smiting others with his horns. (S.) krs , (TA,) inf. n. takoriysN, (K, TA,) He put it, or placed it, namely, anything, one part upon another. (TA.) ― -b2- He put it together, one part to another. (TA.) ― -b3- He founded it, namely, a building. (K, TA.) The house had in it compacted dung and urine of camels or of sheep or goats: S, A, * TA:) and in like manner you say of a place: (TA:) and Akrst Ald~Ab~apu The beast of carriage had upon it, (K, TA,) i. e., upon its tail, (TA,) compacted dung and urine. (K, TA.) See kirosN. It (anything) became put, or placed, one part upon another. (TA.) ― -b2- It became compacted and cohering; (A, * TA;) as also ↓ tkArs. (TA.) ― -b3- It (the foundation of a building) became hard and strong. (TA.) -A2- He collected together fire-wood, &c. (Msb.) see 5. Compacted, or caked, or a cake of, dung and urine of camels and of sheep or goats, (S, * A, * K, * TA,) in a house, and upon the traces of men's abode: (TA:) and also, compacted clay or mud: (TA:) pl. A^akoraAsN. (A, TA.) [Hence,] kirosu AlHawoDi The place in which the camels stand at the watering-trough or tank, and which in consequence becomes compacted [by the mixture of their dung and urine with the soil]. (TA.) ― -b2- kirosu binaA='K [The foundation, or lowest part of a building: see 2]. (TA.) -A2- One of the A^akoraAs [meaning series or strings of beads] of [the necklaces and similar ornaments called] qalaAy^id and wu$uH and the like: you say, qilaAdapN *aAtu kirosayoni [a necklace of two such series], and *aAtu A^akoraAsK valaAvapK [of three such series], when you join one part to another [in several places, by larger beads: see qilaAdapN mukorasapN, below]. (Lth, K. *) : see mukorisN. and (sometimes, S, Msb) kirosiY~N (S, Msb, K) A throne; syn. sariyrN: (K:) a chair: (TK:) a seat not larger than is sufficient for one person: (Bd, ii. 256:) [and a stool:] pl. karaAsiY~N (S, Msb, K) and sometimes karaAsK, agreeably with a rule mentioned by ISk. (Msb.) It is the place [or seat] of the king, and of the learned man: and hence, as used in the Kur ii. 256, it is explained as signifying (tropical:) Dominion: (A:) and (tropical:) the power of God, whereby He holds the heavens and the earth: (TA:) and (tropical:) knowledge: (A, K:) which last explanation is ascribed to I'Ab: but the truth is, that I'Ab explained it as there signifying the [foot-stool of God; or] place of the feet: but as to the Earo$ [of God], this is immeasurable: (Az, TA:) or it signifies the sphere of the stars. (TA, art. Er$.) [Hence, also, you say,] huwa mino A^aholi AlkurosiY~i (tropical:) He is of the people of science. (TK.) [And hence,] AlkaraAsiY~u is also used [elliptically] to signify (tropical:) The learned men; accord. to Ktr. (A.) ― -b2- Also, A prop, or support, for a wall. (TA.) ― -b3- [*aAtu AlkurosiY~i The Constellation Cassiopeia: see xaDiybN.] A privy on the top of the roof of a house, (S, A, * Msb, K,) with a conduit from the ground, (K,) or, as in some lexicons, to the ground: one that is below is not so called: (TA:) or the privy of an upper chamber: (MF:) of the measure fiEoyaAlN, (Az, Msb, K,) from kirosN, meaning, “ compacted dung and urine of camels, or of sheep or goats: ” (Az, * A, * K, TA:) so called because of the filth that adheres to it, and becomes compacted: (Az, TA:) incorrectly said by some to be also written kirobaAsN, with the single-pointed letter [b]: the pl. is karaAyiysu. (TA.) : see what next follows. [A quire, or parcel, of paper, generally consisting of five sheets, forming ten leaves, of a book; also vulgarly called kar~aAsapN and kar~aAsN;] one of what are termed ↓ kur~aAsN and karaAriysu; [kur~aAsN being a coll. gen. n. and karaAriysu a pl.;] (S, A, K;) a portion of a SaHiyfap [i. e. book or volume]: (A, K:) so called because compacted: (TA:) or from takar~asa signifying “ he collected together ” fire-wood, &c. (Msb.) You say, fiY h`*ihi Alkur~aAsapi Ea$oru waraqaAtK [In this quire of a book are ten leaves]. (A.) And h`*aA AlkitaAbu Eid~apu karaAriysa [This book is composed of a number of quires]. (A.) And qaraA^otu kur~aAsapF mino kitaAbi siybawayohi [I read a quire of the Book of Seebaweyh]. (A.) And Alt~aAjiru majoduhu fiY kiysihi waAlEaAlimu majoduhu fiY karaAriysihi [The merchant's glory is in his purse, and the learned man's glory is in his quires of books]. (A.) : see mukorisN. ― -b2- qilaAdapN mukorasapN and ↓ mukar~asapN A necklace in which the pearls or other beads are strung upon two strings, and these are joined together by divisions of large beads: so in the TS and K, excepting that in the latter, fiY xayoTK is erroneously put for fiY xayoTayoni. (TA.) [See kirosN, last signification.] And [in like manner], ↓ naZomN mukar~asN and mutakar~isN A string of beads one above another. (TA.) (S) (in the L and TA mukorasN, but the former, being agreeable with the verb, (see 4,) is probably the right reading,] Traces of men's abode in which is a compacted mixture of dung and urine of camels or of sheep or goats. (S, L, * TA. * [And accord. to the second and third of these authorities, ↓ karisN seems to signify the same.]) : see mukorasN: the former, in two places. : see mukorasN: the former, in two places. kr$ , said of skin: see 5. -A2- kari$a Alr~ajulu, aor. , (K, TA,) inf. n. kara$N, (TA,) (tropical:) The man came to have a numerous family, or household, after a while. (Sgh.) And (tropical:) The man came to have an army, or a military force, after having been alone. (K, TA.) inf. n. takoriy$N, He made what is termed mukar~a$ap. (Az, K.) You say, kar~i$uwA lanaA mino laHomi jazuwrikumo Make ye for us a mkr~$p of the flesh of your slaughtered camel. (TA.) -A2- (tropical:) He contracted his face; or contracted it much; [making wrinkles in it like the plies of a kari$:] (K, TA:) and ↓ Astkr$ also signifies (tropical:) he shrank; contracted his face; frowned, or looked sternly or austerely or morosely. (Sh, TA.) (tropical:) It (a man's face, S, A, K, and his skin, A, TA, or the skin of his face, or any skin, TA) contracted, or shrivelled, or shrank, (S, IF, A, K, TA,) and became like the kar$: (IF, TA:) and ↓ kari$a, aor. , (A, K, TA,) inf. n. kara$N, (A, TA,) signifies the same, (A, K, TA,) said of skin, (K, TA,) when touched by fire. (TA.) You say, kal~amotuhu bikalaAmK fatakar~a$a wajohuhu (tropical:) I spoke some words to him and his face contracted. (A, TA.) -A2- tkr~$wA (tropical:) They collected, or assembled, themselves together. (Sgh, K.) The stomach of a sucking kid became a kari$: (S, K:) i. e., when he pastured upon herbage; (K;) for it is called AnfHp as long as the kid does not eat; but when he eats, it is called kr$. (S.) ― -b2- Also Astkr$ He (a kid, and a boy,) became large in his stomach: or became hard in his palate, and wide in his belly, after he had become large: (TA:) or he (a lamb or kid or calf) became large in his belly: (IAar:) or he (a lamb or kid) became large in his belly, and ate much: (TA:) or he (a kid, A, and a boy, Az, TA) became large in his belly, and began to eat: (Az, A, TA,) but some disapprove of its being said of a boy, asserting that one says of a boy A_isotajofara. (TA.) ― -b3- See also 2. : see kari$N. and ↓ kiro$N [The stomach, or man, of any ruminant animal;] the part of any ruminant, (S, K,) or of the animal that has a xuf~, [here meaning of the camel,] and of such as has a divided hoof, (A, Msb,) that corresponds to the maEidap of a man: (S, A, Msb, K:) [it is in most cases four-fold; consisting of the first stomach, commonly called the paunch, which is the largest, and has no rugæ upon its internal surface, but a villous coat, having innumerable blunt papillæ which give it a general roughness, and from this the food is forced back into the mouth to be ruminated, as it is also from the second; the honeycomb stomach, which is the second, and which is so called from the cells which form its internal coat; the omasum, which is the third, and smallest, stomach, by some called the millet, but commonly the manyplies, because its internal surface has many plies, or folds, and strata super strata; and the abomasum, or fourth stomach, commonly called the rennetbag, or runnet bag, and the red, or reed, which is next in size to the paunch, and has an internal villous coat like that of the human stomach, but with longer and looser inner plies, or folds, and in this alone the true digestive process takes place:] but it is only thus called after the animal has begun to eat; being previously called A_inofaHapN: (S, TA:) [or, accord. to some, the term is applied to the first and second stomachs, together; for it is said that] it empties itself into the qaTinap [or third stomach], as though it were yadu jiraAbK [so in my original, but this seems to be a mistranscription for lahu jiraAbN, meaning a provisionbag for the animal]: and it also pertains to the have or rabbit, and the jerboa: and is used [tropically] for that of man (TA:) it is of the fem gender: (S, K:) pl. [of pane.] A^akoraA$N (TA) and [of mult.] kuruw$N. (Msb, TA.) ― -b2- Hence the saying, (S, TA,) A_ino wajadotu A_ilaY *`lika faA kari$K, [in the CK, erroneously, faAkori$o.] meaning, (tropical:) If I find to that a way; (S, K, * TA;) said by a man upon whom one has imposed a difficult task; and originating from the fact that a man divided a sheep, or goat, in pieces, and put them into its stomach to cook them; and it was said to him, “ Put in the head ” whereupon he replied in the above words. (S, TA.) You say also, maA wajadotu A_ilayohi faA kari$K (tropical:) I have not found to him, or it, a way. (TA.) And lawo wajadotu A_ilayohi faA kari$K, and baAba kari$K, and A^donaY fiY kari$K, meaning, (tropical:) Had I found to him, or it, as much way as the mouth of a stomach, and the entrance of a stomach, and the least mouth of a stomach, laA^atayotuhu [I had come to him, or I had done it]. (Lh, TA.) And it is said in a trad. of El-Hajjáj, lawo wajadotu A_ilaY damika faA kari$K la$aribati AlbaToHaA='u minoka, meaning, (tropical:) Had I found a way to [shed] thy blood [the small pebbles of the bottom of the water-course had drunk from thee]. (TA.) ― -b3- [Hence also,] you say, of land (A^aroD), A_igobar~ato jilodatuhaA waraq~ato kari$uhaA [lit. Its skin became dusty, and its stomach became thin]; meaning, (tropical:) it became sterile. (TA.) -A2- And [hence,] (tropical:) A receptacle for perfumes, and for clothes: in this sense also fem.: and a place of collection of anything. (TA.) -A3- And (tropical:) A man's family, or household: and his young children: (A, K:) or his family, or household, consisting of his young children. (S, Msb.) You say, jaA='a yajur~u kari$ahu (tropical:) He came dragging along his family, or household. (A, TA.) And Ealayohi kari$N mino EiyaAlK (tropical:) Upon him is dependent a large family. (A, * TA, in art. bqr.) And humo, (S,) or lahu, (A,) kari$N manovuwrapN, (S, A,) (tropical:) They are, (S,) or he has, (A,) scattered young children. (S, A.) And tazaw~aja fulaAnapa fanavarato lahu kari$ahaA, (S, A, *) and baTonahaA, (S,) (tropical:) He married, or took to wife, such a woman, and she bore to him many children. (S, A.) [See also art. nvr.] ― -b2- Also, (tropical:) A company, or congregated body, (S, A, Msb, K,) of men: (S, A, Msb:) pl. A^akoraA$N. (A.) Hence the saying of Mohammad, AlA^anoSaAru kari$iY waEayobatiY (S, TA) (tropical:) The Ansár are my company, and my companions, whom I acquaint with my secrets, and in whom I trust, and upon whom I rely: (TA:) or the meaning is, they are my auxiliaries, from whom I derive aid; because the camel and the beast with a divided hoof draw the cud from the stomach: (TA:) or the depositories of my secrets and trusts, like as the kr$ is the place of the food of the beast: (A:) or the objects of my love and compassion like young children. (Msb.) [And hence, app.,] Alkari$aAni is an appellation applied to [the tribes of] ElAzd and 'Abd-el-Keys. (S.) ― -b3- Also, (tropical:) The main part, or body of a people or company of men: (A, TA:) pl. A^akoraA$N and kuruw$N: or, as some say, these are pls. having no sing. [in this sense.] (TA.) -A4- vawobu A^akoraA$K [app. from some peculiarity in its colours or texture,] (tropical:) A kind of garment, or cloth, of the description termed buruwd of [the fabric of] El-Yemen. (Az, TA.) (tropical:) A man large in the belly: or, as some say, having large property: (TA:) and [the fem.] karo$aA='u a woman large in the belly (ISk, S, K *) and wide. (TA.) Also the latter, (tropical:) A she-ass bulky in the flanks: (S, K:) or bulky in the belly and flanks. (A.) And the same applied to a foot (qadam), (tropical:) Having much flesh, and even in the part of the sole which is generally hollow, (S, K,) and short in the toes. (S.) And the same applied to a leathern bucket (dalow), (tropical:) (tropical:) Having swollen sides: (A:) or large and with swollen sides. (TA.) ― -b2- Also the fem., (assumed tropical:) Distant relationship. (K.) You say, bayonahumo raHimN karo$aA='u (assumed tropical:) Between them is a distant relationship. (TA.) What is cooked in the stomachs of ruminants. (AA, K.) See also what next follows. [A sort of haggess; or man stuffed with flesh-meat, or flesh-meat and fat, and cooked;] a piece of the stomach of a ruminant, stuffed with flesh-meat, and fastened together with a skewer, and cooked: (A:) or a sort of food, made of flesh-meat and fat, in a piece cut out from the stomach of a camel; (K;) a sort of food of the people of the desert, made by taking flesh-meat marbled with fat (laHom A^a$omaT), well cut up into small pieces, and putting with it fat cut up in like manner, then putting it into a piece cut out from the stomach of a camel, after it has been washed, and its smooth side which is without any villous substance or feces has been cleansed, and fastening its edges together with a skewer, and digging for it a hole for fire, of the size thereof, and throwing into it heated stones, and lighting a fire over them, so that they become of a red heat, like fire, when the coals are put aside from them, and the mkr~$h is buried therein, and hot ashes are put over it; then some thick and tough firewood is kindled over it, and it is left until it is thoroughly well cooked, whereupon it is taken out, having become like one piece, the fat having melted with the flesh, and it is eaten with dates, being sweet. (Az, TA.) kr$b i. q. qiro$ab~N: (K:) or the former signifies Advanced in years, and hard, gross, or coarse: and the latter, a great eater, or voracious. (T.) The k is said to be substituted for q, or viciously pronounced for the latter letter. (MF.) krS krD krT krE krf See Supplement krfA^ The pot frothed, or raised a scum, when about to boil. (S, K.) -A2- karofaA^a, inf. n. karofaA^apN; and ↓ tkrfA^; (like krvA^ and tkrvA^, K, which are said to be changed from the former; TA;) It (a collection of clouds) became large in quantity, and confused, and heaped up. (K.) ― -b2- karofaw^uwA They became mixed together. (K.) see 1. i. q. kiroviy^N; (K;) Clouds high and piled up, one upon another. (S) And kirofiy^apN A portion of such clouds. (S.) ― -b2- kirofiy^N An egg-shell. (A'Obeyd, S.) It occurs again in art. krf. (TA.) A ceratin tree, also called $afal~aHN. (K.) krfs , (S, Msb, K,) so written in the Bári' and the T, but in some copies of the S, karofasN, [which is wrong,] (Msb,) [The herb smallage; apium graveolens of Linnæus,] a well known herb, or leguminous plant, (S, Msb, K,) of the hottest of leguminous plants (mno A^aHar~i Albuquwli, TA, [but this is probably a mistake for mino A^aHoraAri Albuquwli of the leguminous plants that are eaten without being cooked, or that are slender and succulent or soft or sweet,]) the utilities of which are great; diuretic; a disperser of winds and flatulence; a cleanser of the kidneys and liver and bladder, opening obstructions thereof; a strengthener of the venereal faculty, especially its seeds pounded with sugar and clarified butter, wonderful when drunk three days, (K,) upon an empty stomach, with avoidance of hurtful things, (TA,) but injurious to the young in the womb, and to the pregnant, and to those affected with epilepsy: (K:) said by Lth to be a foreign word introduced into the Arabic language, (TA.) and thought to be so by Az: (Msb:) in the O said to be arabicized; and, in the language of the people of Ghazneh, called krfH [or krfj?] (TA.) Cotton: (K:) [like kurosufN, from which it appears to be formed by transposition: see also kirobaAsN.] krkb , like kurokumN, A certain plant of sweet odour. (K.) The former word is a syn. of the latter. (TA.) krm See Supplement krmH , inf. n. karomaHapN, i. q. karotaHa, (S, art. krdH, and CK, and a MS copy of the K,) He (a short man) ran with short steps, and quickly: (S, ubi supra:) or i. q. karobaHa, the b being changed into m, (TA,) he ran at a slower pace than that termed karodamapN. (L, TA.) ― -b2- karomaHonaA fiY A=vaAri Alqawomi We ran heavily in the footsteps of, or after, the people, (AA, S, ubi supra, L.) krnb , inf. n. karonabapN, He fed a guest with karoniyb. (K.) Ex. karonibuwA liDayofikumo faA_in~ahu lataoHaAnu Feed your guest with krnyb, for he is hungry. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, He ate [krnyb, or] dates with milk. (K.) ― -b3- AHei and others assert the n to be augmentative; but in the T, L, and K it is implied that it is radical. (MF.) , with damm; [so in the copies of the K in my hands, and in the O, and so accord. to the TA; but I think that the correct reading is kurunobN, as the word is written by Golius, in one place, and by Freytag; although, in the K, by the words “ with damm, ” in the case of a quadriliteral word, is generally meant “ with damm to the first and third letters ”;] and karanobN; (K;) but it is commonly pronounced with damm [app. meaning to the first and second letters: kurunob being the name now commonly given to the brassica oleracea, or cabbage; in Greek κράμβη]: (TA:) the [vegetable also called] siloqN [properly beet; for which, possibly, cabbage may have been mistaken]: (AHn, K:) or a species thereof, (L, K,) sweeter and more tender than the qun~abiyT; of which the wild kind is bitter; and the quantity of two drachms of its roots, dried and pulverized, mixed with wine ($araAb), is a tried antidote against the bite of a viper. (Ibn-El-Beytár, K.) It is said, by the botanists, to be a Nabathean word, arabicized. (MF.) and kironiybN (K) and krnAb (so in the TA) i. q. majiyEa, (K,) which is the same as kudayoraA'u: (IAar:) Dates with milk. (T.) krh krw See Supplement kz , [second pers. kazuzota,] (K,) aor. , (MS, TA,) inf. n. kazaAzapN (S, A, K) and kuzuwzapN, (A, K,) It dried, or dried up; or became stiff, rigid, or tough; and contracted. (S, A, K.) You say, kaz~ato yaduhu His hand became dry, or stiff, rigid, or tough, and contracted. (A.) ― -b2- [Hence,] kaz~ato xuTaAhu (tropical:) His steps were [contracted, or] near together. (A, K.) ― -b3- [Hence also,] kaz~ato nafosuhu and ↓ Aktz~t (tropical:) [His soul became contracted; meaning, he became niggardly]. (A.) And Alr~ajulu ↓ Aktz~ (tropical:) The man shrank [from giving]. (K, * TA.) You say, fulaAnN laA yahotaz~u wal`kin~ahu yakotaz~u (tropical:) [Such a one does not rejoice, or is not active, or prompt, and brisk, or cheerfully excited, to give, but he shrinks from giving]. (A, TA.) [kazazN (q. v. infra) seems to be an inf. n. of which the verb is kaz~a, second pers. kazizota, aor. , in the sense of ↓ Aktz~ as explained above.] ― -b4- kuz~a He (a man) shrank, or became contracted, in consequence of the cold: (S:) or he became affected by what is termed kuzaAz: (A, K:) or he became affected by a rheum. (TA.) -A2- kaz~ahu Albarodu and Ald~aA='u [The cold, and disease, made him to shrink, or become contracted, and to be affected with a tremour]. (A.) ― -b2- kaz~a Al$~aYo'a, (S, K,) aor. , inf. n. kaz~N, (TA,) He made the thing narrow, or strait. (S, K.) ― -b3- kaz~ati AlmaroA^apu dumolujahaA, (A, TA,) aor. , (TA,) (tropical:) The woman filled her armlet with her arm. (A, TA.) God smote him, or afflicted him, with what is termed kuzaAz. (K.) see 1, in three places. Dry, or dried up; or stiff, rigid, or tough; and contracted: (A, K:) pl. kuz~N. (K.) You say, yadN kaz~apN A dry, or stiff, rigid, or tough, and contracted, hand. (A.) And xa$abapN kaz~apN A stiff, rigid, or tough, (TA,) or hard, (A,) and crooked, piece of wood. (A, TA.) And qanaApN kaz~apN A hard and crooked spear or spear-shaft. (TA.) And qawosN kaz~apN A stiff, rigid, or tough, bow: (S, A, K:) or a bow whereof the arrow does not go far, by reason of the narrowness of the former: (TA:) Aboo-Ziyád says, that the bow thus called is the smallest of bows: (AHn, TA:) pl. qisiY~N kuz~aAtN. (A.) And bakorapN kaz~apN A narrow pulley-sheave, that makes a loud creaking (S, K) by reason of its narrowness. (TA.) And *ahabN kaz~N Tough gold: (A:) or very hard gold. (K.) And jamalN kaz~N A hardy, strong camel. (TA.) ― -b2- rajulN kaz~N, (S, A,) and kaz~N Alyadayoni, (S, A, K,) (tropical:) A niggardly man. (S, A, K,) of little beneficence, (TA,) and of little compliance: (A, TA:) pl. kuz~N. (S.) ― -b3- wajohN kaz~N (assumed tropical:) A foul, or an ugly, face. (K.) Hardness and crookedness in a piece of wood, or in a spear or spear-shaft. (TA.) ― -b2- (tropical:) Niggardliness, (K,) and littleness of compliance and of beneficence. (TA.) See 1. (S, A, K) and ↓ kuz~aAzN, (IAar, A, K,) or, accord. to Az, the latter is the correct form, and the former is vulgar, (A,) A contraction and tremour arising from cold: (A:) or a tremour arising from intense cold: (IAar, K:) or a certain disease arising from intense cold; (S, K;) being a spasmodic contraction so occasioned: or, accord. to the physicians, arising from the egress of much blood: (TA:) or a certain disease arising from cold, in consequence of which the patient trembles until he dies. (A.) : see kuzaAzN. Made narrow, or strait. (S.) ― -b2- A man affected by what is termed kuzaAz: (S, A, K:) or affected by a rheum. (TA.) kzb i. q. kusobN. (K.) ― -b2- [Coll. gen. n., A kind of] hard trees. (K.) Smallness and contraction of the mu$oT (or metatarsal bones) of the foot; which is a defect. (K.) Avaricious, or niggardly, and narrowminded. (K.) i. q. xilaAsiy~ap in colour; i. e., between black and white. (K.) kzbr , and sometimes, [in the present day commonly,] kuzobarapN, (S, K,) Arabic, and well known, (AHn,) [but J says] I think it is arabicized, (S,) [Chald. כּדּסְבָּר, (Gol.)] One of the kinds of seeds that are used in cooking, for seasoning food; (S, K;) [coriander-seed: or the coriander-plant, accord. to the explanation of kusoburapN (which is said in the TA to be a dial. form of kzbrp) in the K.] kzm kzm See Supplement ks , aor. , (S, K,) inf. n. kaso'N, (TA,) He, or it, pursued, or followed, another, (S, K,) as one follows a party which he has put to flight: like kasaEa. (S.) ― -b2- kasaA^a, (K,) inf. n. kaso'N, (TA,) He urged on a beast of carriage. in the track, or at the heels, of another. (K.) -A2- kasaA^a, (K,) inf. n. kaso'N, (TA,) He overcame a party in litigation or the like. (K.) -A3- kasaA^a (perhaps a mistake for ka$aA^a, TA,) He smote a person with a sword. (K.) inf. n. of 1. q. v. -A2- mr~a kaso'N mina All~ayoli A part of the night passed. (K.) and ↓ kusuwo'N The hinder, or latter, part of anything: pl. A^akosaA'N. (S, K.) ― -b2- kuso'N Al$~ahori, and ↓ kusuwow^uhu, The latter part of the month; its last ten days, or about that period. (TA.) ― -b3- jaA'a fiY kuso'i Al$~ahori, and EalaY kusoy^ihi, He came in the latter part, or end, of the month. (TA.) ― -b4- jaA'a EalaY kuso'i Al$~ahori, and ElY A^akosaAy^ihi, and ↓ jiy^otuka EalaY kusaAy^ihi, [in the TA written, app. by a mistake of the transcriber, ElY ksA'h, and fiY kusaAy^ihi, [so in the TA,] He came, and I came to thee, at the end of the month, after the whole month had passed. (TA.) ― -b5- jiy^otu fiY A^akosaA='i Alqawomi I came among the latter of the people. (TA.) ― -b6- mar~uwA fiY A^akosaA='i Almunohazimiyna, and ElY A^akosaAy^ihimo, They went at the heels of the routed party. (TA.) rakiba kusoA^ahu He fell upon the back of his neck, or head. (K.) : see kuso'N. : see kuso'N. ksb , aor. , inf. n. kasobN (S, K, Msb) and kisobN (K), He collected (wealth &c.]; (S, K;) as also ↓ Aktsbhu. (S.) This is the original signification. (S.) ― -b2- [Hence,] He gained, acquired, or earned, wealth or the like; as also ↓ Aktsb. (Msb.) kasabotu $ayoy^FA and ↓ Akotasabotuhu are syn., [signifying I gained a thing]. (S.) ― -b3- Hence [also], kasaba and ↓ Aktsb (S, K, Msb) and ↓ tks~b (K) He sought, sought after, or sought to gain, sustenance, or the like, (S, K,) for his family: (Msb:) or kasaba signifies he got, or obtained, or gained, acquired, or earned, [sustenance, &c.]; and ↓ Aktsb, he applied himself with art and diligence [to get, or obtain, or gain, acquire, or earn, sustenance &c.; he laboured to earn, or gain, sustenance]: (Sb, K:) [so] also ↓ tks~b is explained by takal~afa Alkasoba he applied himself, as to a task, to gain, &c. (S.) ― -b4- kasaba is also said to signify, and originally, both he sought, or sought after, [sustenance]; and he laboured in seeking, or seeking after, sustenance. (TA.) ― -b5- ↓ Aktsb has a more intensive signification than kasaba; and hence, in the last verse of the second chap. of the Kur [lahaA maA kasabato waEalayohaA maA A@kotasabato To it shall be given what reward it hath earned, and upon it shall be executed what punishment it hath drawn upon itself], the latter is used with reference to what is good; and the former, with reference to what is evil. (IJ.) You say, kasaba xayorFA (tropical:) [He gained, or earned, or did, good]: and ↓ Aktsb $ar~FA (tropical:) [He gained, or earned, or did, evil]. (A.) ― -b6- [This distinction, however, is not always observed: for] kasaba signifies, He did either a good or an evil deed: [because he who does so earns, or draws upon himself, reward or punishment.] (Jel in ii. 281; and iii. 24; &c.) And ↓ Aktsb He committed an act of which he was accusable. (Jel in xxxiii. 58.) kasaba A_ivomFA and ↓ Aktsbhu signify He [committed, or] burdened himself with (taHam~ala), a sin, or crime. (Msb.) ― -b7- kasabahu maAlFA, (S, K,) and mAlA ↓ Aksbhu, (IAar, IAth, K,) but the former is the more approved: the latter is by Fr and some others rejected: (TA:) He caused him to gain, acquire, or earn, wealth: (IAth, Msb:) or he assisted him to gain, acquire, or earn, wealth. (IAth.) ksbhu EilomFA He caused him to gain, or acquire, knowledge. (Msb.) [In like manner,] AlEaboda ↓ Asotakosabotu I caused the slave to gain, or make gain; the verb having here the sense of the measure A^afoEalotuhu; like as Aisotaxorajotuhu signifies A^axorajotuhu. (Msb.) [See an ex. voce A^adiymN.] ― -b8- nahaY Eano kasobi AlA_imaA'i [He (Mohammad) forbade the making female slaves to earn money, or the like, (by prostitution)]. (TA, from a trad.) ― -b9- maA kasaba in the Kur cxi, 2, is said to signify His children. A man's children are among the things termed his kasob. (TA.) ― -b10- kasabahu EajabFA It occasioned, or caused, him to wonder. (TA, voce A^aEojaba.) see 1. see 1. see 1 throughout. inf. n. of 1. q. v. ― -b2- fulaAnN Tay~ibu Alkasobi, (S, K,) and ↓ Almakosabi, and ↓ Almakosibi, (K,) and ↓ Almakosibapi, and ↓ Alkisobapi, (S, K,) and ↓ Alkasiybapi, (IM,) [Such a one makes good gain: kasobN &c. signifying gain, acquisition, or earning: and also a deed, whether good or evil]. i. q. kunjArq [or kanojaArahu], a Persian word, called by some of the people of Es-Sawád kusobaj [or kusobah; i. e., The dregs of sesamegrain, or the like, from which the oil has been expressed]; (TA;) dregs remaining after the expression of oil: (S, K:) [as also kuzobN:] from the Persian k$b, (AM,) [or rather kusobah, or kusobaj]. See also tax~N. : see kasaAbi. : see kasobN. : see AikotisaAbiY~N. The wolf. (L, K.) ― -b2- A name of a bitch: (S:) one of the names of the bitch: (ISd:) as also ↓ kasobapu: (K:) as ↓ kusayobN is a name of the dog; i. e., of the male: (K:) names thus used as ominous of gain, [or of capturing game]: (IM:) kasaAbi, as a name of a hunting bitch, means kaAsibapN. (TA, art. brH.) [so in the copies of the K in my hands; but by the place in which it is mentioned in the TA, it is implied that it is ↓ kas~uwbN: see also lasuwbN] A thing; anything. maA lahu kasuwbN He has not anything. (K.) -A2- rajulN kasuwbN, and ↓ kas~aAbN, A man who makes much gain. (K.) : see kasaAbi. ― -b2- A_ibonu Alkusayobi Bastard. (K.) : see kasuwbN. A certain plant. (K.) -A2- See also kasuwbN. i. q. AljawaAriHu, (S, K,) here meaning The members (either of a man or of a bird) by means of which is gained, acquired, or earned, sustenance, or the like. (MF.) [The explanation in the TA, AljawaAriHu mina AlA_inosaAni waAlT~ayori, seems, at first sight, to signify preyers, whether men or birds: but this meaning I do not think to be the one intended.] The wolf. (K.) [Acquired knowledge, such as is acquired by study: as also ↓ kasobiY~N:] opp. to DaruwriY~N as meaning [natural or instinctive, or] such as the creature has by [Divine] appointment. (Kull p. 232.) , and makosibapN see kasobN. ksbr and kusobarapN The plant of the julojulaAn; (K;) [i. e., the plant of which the fruit, or produce, is called AljulojulaAn;] dial. forms of kuzoburapN and kuzobarapN, q. v. (TA.) kst i. q. qusoTN (K) and kusoTN, [i. e. Costus,] with which one fumigates. (Kr.) ksj , [app. kasija, aor. ,] inf. n. ksj, [app. kasajN,] He had no beard grown; [was naturally beardless]. From this it would seem that kwsj is an Arabic word. (IKoot, Msb.) He was, or become, what is termed kawosajN; (K;) from which latter word the verb is derived. (Shifa el-Ghaleel.) (assumed tropical:) [He whose beard becometh long, his intellect becometh small.] (TA.) (Th, S, K, &c.) and kuwsajN, (Fr, K,) thus pronounced by some of the Arabs agreeably with its Persian original, (Fr,) but this latter form is disapproved by Yaakoob and ISk and IDrst, (TA,) and AHei says that SuwbajN and suwsanN are the only words of the measure fuwEalN, (MF,) and kuwsujN, (Ibn-Hishám El-Lakhmee,) a more strange form than that immediately preceding, (MF,) a word of well-known meaning, (K,) A man having no hair upon the side of his face [but only upon his chin]; (M;) i. q. A^avaT~u; (M, S;) whose cheeks are clear of hair; (Expositions of the Fs) [used in the present day to signify having a scanty, or small, beard, and that only on the chin:] an arabicized word, (S, &c,) originally kwsq, (Msb,) [or rather kuwsaho, which is Persian]. ― -b2- Also, Deficient in the teeth: (As, K:) from the Persian kwzh, (Sb,) [or rather kuwsaho]: [pl. kawasiju, occurring in the TA in art. vT.] A woman said to her husband Thou art kwsj: to which he replied, if I be kwsj, thou art divorced. And the matter being referred to the Imám Aboo-Haneefeh, he said, Let his teeth be numbered; and if they be twenty-eight, he is kwsj, and his wife is divorced from him; but if they be thirty-two, he is not so, and she is not divorced. And they were numbered, and found to be thirty-two (MF.) ― -b3- Also, [The Xiphias, or sword-fish;] a certain fish (of the sea, S) that has a snout like a saw, (S, K,) and eats men; i. q. laxomN, (TA,) and jamalu AlmaA='i, (Mgh in art. jml,) or jamalu AlbaHori. (TA in that art.) ― -b4- Also, A slow hackney, or nag. (A, K.) ksH , (aor. , K, inf. n. kasoHN, Msb,) He swept a house, or chamber. (S, Msb, K,) [You say] kasaHati Alr~iyHu AlA^aroDa The wind swept off the dust from the surface of the ground. (S, K.) ― -b2- [Hence,] kasaHa (tropical:) He cleaned out a well, and a canal or channel of running water, &c. (Msb.) ― -b3- [And hence also,] (tropical:) He cut a thing off; destroyed it; did away with it, carried it off: (Msb:) [he swept it away.] ― -b4- kasaHonaA baniY fulaAnK (tropical:) We extirpated the sons of such a one. (A.) ― -b5- kasiHa, aor. , inf. n. kasaHN, He had a heaviness in one of his legs, and dragged it when he walked: (T:) he was crippled in the legs, and in the arms: (L, K:) mostly used in relation to the legs. (L.) [See also kusaAHN.] (tropical:) They made a hostile attack, or incursion, upon them, and took all their property. (S, K. *) ― -b2- A_ikotasaHonaA maAla baniY fulaAnK (tropical:) We took [or swept off] all the property of the sous of such a one, leaving them nothing. (L.) ― -b3- [In like manner you say] kasaHa mina AlmaAli maA $aA='a [(tropical:) He swept off what he pleased of the property]; as also kavaHa. (K, voce kavaHa.) Impotence, (K,) arising from a disease which attacks the hips, and weakens the leg. (TA.) : see A^akosaHu (L) and ↓ kusaAHapN (K) The state of being crippled (zamaAnap) in the legs, and in the arms: (L, K:) mostly used in relation to the legs. (L.) [See 1.] ― -b2- kusaAHN A certain disease of camels, (L, K,) which renders them very lame, so that they cannot walk: (Aboo-Sa'eed, L.) : see A^akosaHu. ― -b2- Also, Impotent (K) in walking, as though he swept the ground. (TA.) : see A^akosaHu. Sweepings; (S, K;) dust that is swept from a house and thrown in a heap. (Lh.) -A2- See also kusaAHN. and ↓ kasoHaAnu and ↓ kasiyHN (L, K) and ↓ kusayoHN (K) and ↓ mukas~aHN (L) Having a heaviness in one of his legs, and dragging it when he walks: (L:) crippled in the legs, and in the arms: (L, K:) also the first (as explained by some, L,) lame, by nature, or by reason of a chronic ailment: and affected by a disease which deprives one of the power of walking: (S, L, K:) pl. kusoHN (L) and kusoHaAnN. (L, K.) AlS~adaqapu maAlu AlkusoHaAni waAlEuwraAni (S, L) Alms are the property of the crippled and the one-eyed. (L, from a trad.) A broom, or besom, or instrument with which one sweeps (S, K) snow, &c.; (S;) as also mikosaHN. (L.) : see A^kosaHN. A camel severely lame, (L, K,) so that he cannot walk. (Aboo-Sa'eed, L.) ksHb , inf. n. kasoHabapN, He walked in fear, hiding himself. (K.) ksd , (S, L, Msb, K,) aor. , (L, Msb,) inf. n. kasaAdN (S, L, Msb, K) and kusuwdN; (K;) and kasuda; (L, K;) but the former is the verb in common use; (TA;) It (a thing, S, Msb, a commodity, &c., L) was, or became, unsaleable, or difficult of sale, and in little demand. (L, Msb, K.) The original meaning is It was, or became, in a bad, corrupt, or unsound state. (T, Msb.) -A2- kasadati Als~uwqu, (aor. , inf. n. kasaAdN, L,) The market was, or became, stagnant, or dull, with respect to traffic. (S, * A, L, Msb, K.) See 4. He (God) made a market stagnant, or dull with respect to traffic. (A, Msb) ― -b2- He (a man) found his market to be stagnant, or dull, with respect to traffic. (S, IKtt, A, L, K.) [In most copies of the K, we find, wasuwqN kaAsidN waA^akosadu waA^akosadato suwquhumo, instead of wasuwqN kaAsidN waA^akosaduwA kasadato suwquhumo, which is the right reading, as is indicated in the TA.] : see kaAsidN. ― -b2- Also, of inferior condition; ignoble: syn. duwnN. (S, L, K.) So in the saying of the poet, (S, L,) Mo'áwiyeh Ibn-Málik, surnamed Mo'owwidh-el-Hukamà, (IB, L,) A_i*o kul~u HaY~K naAbitN biA^aruwmapK nabota AlEiDaAhi famaAjidN wakasiydN (S, L) meaning, Since every living man grows from a root, like the growth of the 'idáh, there is he who is noble, and he who is ignoble. (IB, L.) and ↓ kasiydN A thing, (S, Msb,) or commodity, &c., (L,) unsaleable, or difficult of sale, and in little demand. (L, Msb, K.) You say siloEapN kaAsidapN. (S.) ― -b2- suwqN kaAsidN, (S, L, Msb, K,) without p, (S, L, Msb,) or kaAsidapN, as in the T, (Msb) A market stagnant, or dull, with respect to traffic; (L, Msb, K;) i. e., *aAtu kasaAdK. (TA.) ksr , (S, A, &c.,) aor. , (Msb, K,) inf. n. kasorN; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ Aktsrhu: (K;) [He broke it: or the latter signifies he broke it off: or it is similar to A_iqotaTaEahu and the like and signifies he broke it off for himself: for] you say minohu TarafFA ↓ Aktsrtu [I broke off, or broke off for myself, from it, an extremity]. (A.) You say ↓ kasarotuhu A@nokisaArFA and A_inokasara kasorFA, putting each of the inf. ns. in the place of the other, because of their agreement in meaning, not in respect of being trans. and intrans. (Sb, TA.) ― -b2- kusira He had his leg broken; his leg broke. (Mgh.) ― -b3- fulaAnN yakosiru Ealayoka Alfuwqa, (A, K,) or AlA^aroEaAZa, (K,) or ↓ yukas~iru, (as in the CK, * and in a MS copy of the K, but we find the former reading in art. rEZ in the K,) [lit., Such a one breaks against thee the notch of the arrow, or the sockets of the arrow-heads: meaning,] (tropical:) such a one is angry with thee: (A, K:) or is vehemently angry with thee. (K, art. rEZ, in which see further explanations.) ― -b4- [kusira bayonahumo rumoHN lit., A spear was broken among them: meaning, (assumed tropical:) a quarrel occurred among them. (Reiske, cited by Freytag, but whether from a classical author is not said; and explained by him as signifying Simultas inter eos intercessit.)] ― -b5- kasara AlkitaAba EalaY Eid~api A^abowaAbK wafuSuwlK (tropical:) [He divided the book, or writing, into a number of chapters and sections]. (A.) ― -b6- kasara Al$~aEora, aor. , inf. n. kasorN, (assumed tropical:) [He broke the measure of the poetry;] he did not make the measure of the poetry correct. (TA.) ― -b7- kasarotu Alqawoma, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I [broke, crushed, routed, or] defeated, the people or party. (Msb.) ― -b8- kasarotu xaSomiY (tropical:) [I defeated my adversary]. (A.) ― -b9- [kasara nafosahu (assumed tropical:) He broke, or subdued, his spirit. ― -b10- (assumed tropical:) He abased, or humbled, himself.] ― -b11- kasarotu mino saworatihi (tropical:) [I broke, or subdued, or abated, somewhat of his impetuosity, or violence, or tyranny, or anger]. (A.) ― -b12- kasara Humay~aA Alxamor biA@lomizaAji (tropical:) [He broke, or subdued, or abated, the intoxicating influence of the wine by the mixture of water]. (A.) ― -b13- kasara mino barodi AlmaA='i, and Har~ihi, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He abated, or allayed, somewhat of the coldness of the water, and its heat. (TA.) ― -b14- Aikosiro Ean~aA: see an ex. voce ruwbapN. ― -b15- [kasara AlEaTa$a (assumed tropical:) It abated, or allayed, thirst.] ― -b16- kasara mataAEahu (tropical:) He sold his goods by retail, one piece of cloth after another: (IAar, K:) because, [on the contrary,] wholesale makes them to find purchasers readily. (TA) ― -b17- kasarotu Alr~ajula Eano muraAdihi (assumed tropical:) I turned the man, averted him, or turned him back, from his desire. (Msb.) ― -b18- yakosiru *anabahu baEoda maA A^a$aAlahu [app. (assumed tropical:) He contorts his tail after raising it], said of a camel. (K.) ― -b19- kasara Alv~awoba, and Aljiloda, (assumed tropical:) He folded, and he creased, the garment, or piece of cloth, and the skin. Ex. of the former signification, [in which the pronoun refers to a tent:] mino Hayovu yukosaru jaAnibaAhu [(assumed tropical:) Where its two sides are folded]. (S.) You say also kasara AlwisaAda, meaning (tropical:) He folded, or doubled, the pillow, or cushion, and leaned, or reclined, upon it. (K.) See also kaAsirN. ― -b20- kasara jafonahu naHowahu (assumed tropical:) [He blinked, (lit. he wrinkled his eyelid) towards him]. (Mgh. art. gmz.) You say also, riyHN HaAr~apN takosiru AlEayona Har~FA (assumed tropical:) [A hot wind, that makes the eye to blink, or contract and wrinkle the eyelids, by reason of heat]. (K, art. xwS.) And kasara Eayonahu, (A,) and kasara mino Tarofihi, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He contracted (gaD~a, q. v.,) his eye, or eyes; [so as to wrinkle the lids; in which sense the former phrase is used in the present day:] (K:) and kasara EalaY Tarofihi, accord. to Th, he contracted (gaD~a) his eye, or eyes, somewhat: (TA:) [or perhaps EalaY is here a mistake for EalaY~a, in which case we must read Tarofahu, so that the meaning would be as above with the addition at me:] and ↓ mukaAsarapu AlEayonayoni signifies AlmugaADanapu [i. e. the contracting of the eyes so as to wrinkle the lids]. (S, K, in art. gDn.) ― -b21- kasara AlT~aAy^iru janaAHayohi, (A, TA,) aor. , inf. n. kasorN; (TA;) and kasara alone, (S, A, K,) inf. n. kasorN and kusuwrN, (K,) or in this case, when the wings are not mentioned, kusuwrN [only]; which shows that a verb, when its objective complement is forgotten [or suppressed], and the inf. n. [for AlHadiyvu in my original I read AlHadavu] itself is desired [to be expressed], follows the way of an intrans. verb; (A;) [for fuEuwlN is by rule the measure of the inf. n. of an intrans. verb, of the measure faEala, such as qaEada, inf n. quEuwdN, and jalasa, inf. n. juluwsN, and faEolN of that of a trans. verb;] (tropical:) The bird contracted his wings, (S, A, K,) or contracted them somewhat, (TA,) so that he might descend in his flight, (S,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) ― -b22- [kasara AlHarofa, aor. , inf. n. kasorN, He pronounced the letter with the vowel termed kesr: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel. A conv. phrase of lexicology and grammar.] -A2- See also 7. , (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. takosiyrN, (Msb,) is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects] (S) [He broke it much, in pieces, or into many pieces: or many times, or repeatedly; or he broke it, meaning a number or collection of things.] ― -b2- fulaAnN yukas~iru Ealayoka Alfuwqa, or AlA^aroEaAZa: see 1. ― -b3- [ks~rhu also signifies He divided it (i. e. a number, and a measure,) into fractions.] ― -b4- ks~rhu AlkaraY (tropical:) [Drowsiness made him languid]. (A, TA in art. hyD.] ― -b5- [ks~r $aEarahu, inf. n. takosiyrN, (assumed tropical:) He crimped his hair, see raT~ala.] -A2- ks~r AlmaA='u AlwaAdiY (tropical:) The water made [the kusuwr, i. e.,] the turnings, bendings, or windings, (maEaATif,) of the valley, and the parts thereof eaten away by torrents, to flow with water. (Th.) see 1. , (S, A, Msb, K,) quasi-pass. of 2, (Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken, much, in pieces, or into many pieces; or many times, or repeatedly; or it (a number or collection of things) broke, or became broken.] ― -b2- [Said of water, and of sand, (assumed tropical:) It became rippled by the wind. And of crisp hair, (assumed tropical:) It became crimped; or became rimpled, as though crimped. (In these senses it is used in the S in art. Hbk, &c. See HibaAkN.) Also said of the skin, (assumed tropical:) It became wrinkled: see tagaD~ana. Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and of a coat of mail, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded, and it became creased, much, or in several, or many places. See an ex. below, voce kisorN.] ― -b3- [And hence, as meaning, (assumed tropical:) It became contracted,] said also of the eye. (TA in art. x$E.) [See 1.] ― -b4- [(tropical:) He was, or became, languid, or loose in the joints. And (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness: a very common signification.] You say, fiyhi taxan~uvN watakas~urN (assumed tropical:) [In him is effeminacy, and affectation of languor or languidness]. (A.) And one says of an effeminate man, tks~r fiY kalaAmihi (assumed tropical:) [He affected languor, or languidness, in his speech], (IDrd, O, voce tafar~aka,) and also ma$oyihi [his walk]. (K, ibid.) See also 7. , quasi-pass. of 1, (S, A, Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken.] You say, ↓ kasarotuhu A@nokisaArFA and Ainokasara kasorFA. (Sb, TA. See 1.) ― -b2- Anksrt Als~ihaAmu EalaY Alr~uw^uwsi (assumed tropical:) The portions became fractional to the several heads; were not divisible into whole numbers. (Msb.) ― -b3- Anksr Al$~iEoru (assumed tropical:) The poetry became [broken, or] incorrect in measure. (TA.) ― -b4- [Anksr Alqawomu (assumed tropical:) The people became broken, or defeated.] ― -b5- Anksr xaSomiY (tropical:) [My adversary became defeated.] (A.) ― -b6- [Anksrt nafosuhu (assumed tropical:) His spirit became broken, or subdued: and Anksr, alone, he became broken in spirit; his sharpness of temper, vehemence of mind, or fierceness, became broken, or subdued; he became meek, gentle, or humble.] ― -b7- [Anksr, said of a man, also signifies, very frequently, (tropical:) He became languid, or languishing. See the act. part. n., below. And see 5.] fatorapN and AinokisaArN and DaEofN are syn. (S, art. ftr.) ― -b8- Anksr Eani Al$~aYo'i (assumed tropical:) He lacked power, or ability, to do, or accomplish the thing. And Anksr [alone] (assumed tropical:) He, or it, (said of anything, [man or beast,]) remitted, flagged, or became remiss, in an affair, lacking power, or ability, to perform, or accomplish, it. (TA.) ― -b9- Anksr naZaru AlT~arofi (assumed tropical:) The look of the eye, or eyes, became languid, or languishing; syn. fatara. (IKtt, in TA, art. ftr.) And Anksr Tarofuhu (assumed tropical:) [His eye, or eyes, or sight, became languid, or languishing, or not sharp]. (T, K, art. ftr.) ― -b10- Also Anksr, said of the coldness of water, [and of cold, absolutely, and of the heat of water,] and of heat, [absolutely,] and of anything, (TA,) for instance, of a price, and so ↓ kasara, (Fr. in TA, art. qT,) (assumed tropical:) It abated, or became allayed; or, [said of heat,] it became languid, or faint. (TA.) ― -b11- Said of dough, (assumed tropical:) It became soft, and leavened, or good, and fit to be baked. (TA.) ― -b12- [Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded; it became creased. Ex.:] yaTowiY Alv~iyaAba A^aw~ala Tay~ihaA Hat~aY tanokasira EalaY Tab~ihi [He folds the garments, or pieces of cloth, the first time of folding them, so that they may crease agreeably with his folding]. (S, K, voce qasaAmiY~N. [In one copy of the S, I find tatakas~ara in the place of tanokasira, which latter reading I find in a better copy of the same work.]) see 1, first sentence. : see kisorN, throughout. ― -b2- (tropical:) A fraction, or broken part of an integral, as the half, and the tenth, and the fifth; (Msb;) what does not amount to an integral portion: (K:) pl. kusuwrN. (A, Msb.) You say, Daraba AlHus~aAbu Alkusuwra baEoDahaA fiY baEoDK (tropical:) [The calculator multiplied the fractions together]. (A.) ― -b3- Little in quantity or number: (ISd, K:) as though it were a fraction of much. (ISd.) ― -b4- (assumed tropical:) A crease, wrinkle, ply plait, or fold, in skin, and in a garment or piece of cloth; (JK, S, * K, * voce gar~N, in the CK gur~; and so accord. to the explanation of the pl. in the present art. in the TA;) as also ↓ makosirN: (accord. to the explanations of its pl. in the S, Mgh, Msb voce gaDonN:) pl. of the former kusuwrN: (JK, S, voce gar~N; and TA in the present art.;) and of the latter, makaAsiru. (S, Mgh, Msb, voce gaDonN; &c.) ― -b5- See also kusuwrN, below. -A2- [As a conventional term in grammar, A vowel-sound, well known; the sign for which is termed ↓ kasorapN.] and ↓ kasorN, (S, K, &c.,) the latter of which is [said to be] of higher authority (A^aEolaY) than the former, [but this is doubtful, for the former is certainly the more common,] (TA,) A portion of a limb: or a complete limb: (K:) or a limb by itself, which is not mixed with another: (TA:) or half of a bone, with the flesh that is upon it: (K:) or a bone upon which there is not much flesh, (S, K,) and which is broken; otherwise it is not thus called: (S) or any bone: (AHeyth:) or a limb of a camel: (TA:) or of a human being or other: (ISd. TA:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akosaArN (TA) and [of mult.] kusuwrN. (S, TA.) ― -b2- kisru qabiyHK, (S, K,) and qabiyHK ↓ kasoru, (S,) The bone of the saAEid [here meaning the upper half of the arm, from the part next the middle to the elbow. (El-Umawee, S, K.) [See also qabiyHN. And ksr HasanK signifies The upper part of that bone.] ― -b3- Also kisorN and ↓ kasorN The side of a bayot [or tent]: (K:) or the part of [each of] the two sides thereof that descends from the TariyqataAni [app. meaning the two outer poles of the middle row]; every tent having two such, on the right and left: (TA:) or the lowest $uq~ap [or oblong piece of cloth] of a [tent of the kind called] xibaA=': (A, K:) or the part of that $q~h which is folded or creased (takas~ara watavan~aY) upon the ground: (K:) or the lowest $q~p of a bayot [or tent], that is next the ground, from where its (the tent's) two sides are folded (mino Hayovu yukosaru jaAnibaAhu), on thy right hand, and thy left. (ISk, S.) ― -b4- Also, (K,) or ↓ kasorN [only], (TA,) [but for this limitation there appears no reason,] A side (K, TA) of anything; as, [for instance,] of a desert: (TA:) pl. A^akosaArN and kusuwrN [app. in all the senses: see above]. (K.) ― -b5- qidorN kisorN, and A^akosaArN, (TA,) and A_inaA='N A^akosaArN, (IAar,) and jafonapN A^akosaArN, (K,) A cooking-pot, (TA,) and a vessel, (IAar,) and a bowl, (K,) large, and [composed of several pieces] joined together: (IAar, K:) because of its greatness or its oldness: as though, in the second and following phrases, the term ksr applied to every distinct part of it. (TA.) ― -b6- See also kusuwrN, below. (assumed tropical:) A defeat. You say, waqaEa Ealayohimu Alkasorapu Defeat befell them. (Msb.) -A2- See also kasorN. (in some copies of the K kisorN, but this is a mistake, TA,) A piece of a broken thing: (S, K:) or rather a piece broken from a thing: (TA:) or a fragment, or broken piece, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. kisarN. (S, Msb, K.) You say, kisorapN mino Alxubozi A broken piece of bread. (Msb.) See also kusaArN. and kasoraY, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, accord. to Th and others, and it alone is allowed by Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (Msb,) A name (TA) applied to the king of the Persians, (Msb, K, TA,) or a surname of the kings of the Persians, (S,) like Aln~ajaA$iY~u, a name of the king of Abyssinia, (TA), arabicized from xusorawo, (S, K,) which means “ possessing ample dominion, ” (K,) in the Persian language: so they say: but xusorawo is itself arabicized from xuw$o ruwo, which means, in that language, “ goodly in countenance ”: (TA:) [but that xsrw is an arabicized word may reasonably be doubted:] accord. to IDrst, it is changed into ksrY because there is no word in Arabic having the first letter with damm and ending with w; and the x is changed into k to shew that it is Arabicized: (MF:) the pl. is A^akaAsirapN, (S, Msb, K,) contr. to analogy, (S,) and kasaAsirapN and A^akaAsiru and kusuwrN, (K,) [all of which are also] contr. to analogy: (TA:) by rule it should be kisorawona, like Eiysawona (S, K) and muwsawona. (S.) : see kisorawiY~N. and ↓ kisoriY~N Of, or relating to, kisoraY; rel. ns. from kisoraY: (S, Msb, K:) and kasorawiY~N alone is the rel. n. from kasoraY. (Msb.) [In the TA, it is said that one should not say kasorawiY~N; but it seems that what is not allowable is kasoriY~N.] and kusaArapN [Fragments, or broken pieces or particles, that fall from a thing:] what breaks from a thing: (Sgh:) or what breaks in pieces from a thing, (K, TA,) and falls: (TA:) fragments, or broken pieces or particles, (duqaAq, ISk, S, and HuTaAm, S,) of fire-wood. (ISk, S.) You speak of the kusaAr of glass, and of a mug, and of aloes-wood. (A.) (assumed tropical:) The turnings, bendings, or windings, (maEaATif, K, TA,) and parts eaten away by torrents, (jirafap, TA,) and ravines, ($iEaAb, K, TA,) of valleys, (K, TA,) and of mountains: (TA:) a pl. without a sing.: (K:) you do not say kasoru AlwaAdiY nor kisoru AlwAdY. (TA.) ― -b2- A^aroDN *aAtu kusuwrK (tropical:) A land having [places of] ascent and descent. (S, A.) ― -b3- See also kasorN and kisorN. i. q. ↓ makosuwrN, [Broken,] (S, K,) applied to a thing: (S:) and so the fem., without p: (TA:) pl. kasoraY, (S, K,) like as maroDaY is pl. of mariyDN, (S,) and kasaAraY: (K:) [and makaAsiyru is pl. of makosuwrN:] Abu-l-Hasan says, that Sb mentions the pl. makaAsiyru because it is of a kind proper to substs. (TA.) ― -b2- nAqp kasiyrN (S, K) i. q. makosuwrapN [lit., A broken she-camel,] (K,) is like the phrase kaf~N xaDiybN, (S, TA,) meaning maxoDuwbapN: (TA;) or a she-camel having one of its legs broken: (Mgh:) and $aApN kasiyrN a sheep, or goat, having one of its legs broken: ksyr being of the measure faEiylN in the sense of the measure mafoEuwlN: (Mgh, Msb:) and kasiyrapN also, [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like naTiyHapN: (Msb:) kasiyrN, occurring in a trad. is explained as signifying a sheep, or goat, having a broken leg, that cannot walk; (IAth, * Mgh;) but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) [Breaking]; fem. with p: pl. masc. and fem. kus~arN; and pl. fem. kawaAsiru also (K.) ― -b2- (tropical:) Folding or doubling, and leaning or reclining upon, a pillow or cushion. Hence the following. in a trad. of 'Omar, lA yazaAlu A^aHaduhumo kaAsirFA wisaAdahu Einoda A@moraA^apK mugoziyapK, meaning, (tropical:) Not one of them ceases to fold or double his pillow or cushion at the abode of a woman whose husband is absent in war, and to lean or recline upon it, and enter upon discourse with her. (IAth, TA.) ― -b3- (tropical:) An eagle, (A, K,) and a hawk or falcon, (A,) contracting his wings, (A, K,) or contracting them somewhat, so that he may descend in his flight, (TA,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) ― -b4- AlkaAsiru ↓ The eagle. (S, M, K.) i. q. AlkiymiyaA='u q. v. (Sgh, K.) (assumed tropical:) [The broken plural;] the plural in which the composition of the singular is changed; (K;) the change being either apparent, as in rijaAlN, pl. of rajulN, or understood, as in fulokN, which is both sing. and pl., for the dammeh in the sing. in this case is like the dammeh of qufolN, and that in the pl. is like that of A^sodN. (Ibn- 'Akeel: see Dieterici's “ Alfijjah ” &c.; pp. 329 and 330.) ― -b2- Also takosiyrN (assumed tropical:) [The area of a circle]: in the circle are three things: daworN [or circumference] and quTorN [or diameter] and takosiyrN [or area], which [last] is the product of the multiplication of the half of the qTr by the half of the dwr: and it is sometimes called misaAHapN. You say, maA takosiyru daAy^irapK quToruhaA saboEapN wadaworuhaA A@vonaAni waEi$oruwna [What is the area of a circle of which the diameter is seven and its circumference two-and-twenty?]: and the answer is vamaAniyapN wavalaAvuwna waniSofN [Eight-and-thirty and a half]. (TA.) [It is scarcely necessary to add that this is not perfectly exact.] A place of breaking, (K, TA,) of anything. (TA.) You say, EuwdN Sulobu Almakosiri [Wood, or a piece of wood, or a branch, or twig, hard in the place of breaking,] when you know its goodness by its breaking: (S, A:) and EuwdN Tay~ibu Almakosiri [Wood, &c., good in the place of breaking,] i. e. approved. (K.) ― -b2- Hence, rajulN Sulobu Almakosiri (A, L) (tropical:) A man who bears up against difficulty, distress, or adversity: because one breaks a piece of wood, to try if it be hard or soft. (TA.) And of a pl. number, humo SilaAbu AlmakaAsiri. (A.) And fulaAnN ha$~u Almakosiri, (TA,) and ↓ Almukas~ari, (TA in art. h$, q. v.,) (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is easy, or compliant, when asked], which is an expression of praise when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; and of dispraise when it means [lit.] that be is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) And fulaAnN Tay~ibu Almakosiri (assumed tropical:) Such a one is praised when tried, proved, or tested: (S, TA:) and radiYo'u Almakosiri [dispraised when tried, &c.]. (TA.) [Wherefore it is said that] makosirN also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or to the aspect; syn. maxobarN. (K.) ― -b3- Also makosirN The lowest part (A^aSolN K, TA) of anything; and especially of a tree, where the branches are broken off. (TA.) ― -b4- [Hence] it is said to be metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) Old property. (TA voce faroEN.) ― -b5- See also kasorN. : see kasiyrN. ― -b2- sawoTN makosuwrN (assumed tropical:) A soft, weak, whip. (TA.) pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. ― -b2- See also makosirN, with which it is made synonymous. ― -b3- (tropical:) A valley whose kusuwr (q. v.) flow with water: (K:) or are made to flow: (Th:) accord. to one relation of a saying in which it occurs, it is mukosarN. (TA.) , (S,) or jaAriY mukaAsiriY, (ISd, K,) Such a one is my neighbour; (S;) the kisor (q. v.) of his tent is next the kisor of my tent. (S, ISd, K.) has for its pl. makaAsiyru, which is extr.; like masaAHiyqu, pl. of munosaHiqN. (TA in art. sHq.) raA^ayotuhu munokasirFA (tropical:) I saw him in a languid, or languishing state. (A.) ksT i. q. qusoTN (K) The wood with which one fumigates; being a dial. var. of the latter. (TA.) ksE ksf ksl ksm ksw See Supplement. k$ See kt and Supplement. k$A^ , aor. , He ate cucumber. (S.) ― -b2- ka$aA^a, (S, K.) inf. n. ka$o'N, (S,) He ate food: (TA:) or he ate food in the same manner as one eats cucumbers; (AZ, S, K;) chewing with the extreme grinders, or filling the mouth, (xaDomFA,) as in eating cucumbers and the like. (TA.) ― -b3- ka$aA^a and ↓ k$~A^, He ate flesh-meat: [the latter] only used with reference to flesh-meat. (TA.) ― -b4- ka$aA^a He ate a piece of ka$iYo'. (TA.) [See also 4 and 5.] ― -b5- ka$iy^a mina AlT~aEaAmi, aor. , inf. n. ka$o'N and ka$aA='N (K) and, accord. to some, ka$aA^N; (TA;) and ↓ tk$~A^; (K;) He was, or became, filled with food. (K.) -A2- ka$aA^a, (S, K,) inf. n. ka$o'N; (S;) and ↓ Ak$A^; (El-Umawee, S, K:) He roasted meat until it became dry. (AA, S, K.) ― -b2- ka$iy^a It (a skin for water &c.) had its inner skin appearing through its outer; (K;) as happens when a skin has been long folded, and has dried and broken in that state. (TA) ― -b3- ka$iy^ato yaduhu His hand chapped; or its skin became rough and corrugated. (K.) -A3- ka$aA^a He peeled a thing: (Fr, K:) used with reference to a hide. (TA.) -A4- ka$aA^a wasaTahu He smote and cut his, or its, middle with a sword. (K, TA.) -A5- ka$aA^a Inivit feminam. (K.) see 1. He ate. ka$iYo'. (TA.) -A2- And see 1. He ate dry meat [see ka$iY'], (S,) and was filled with it. (TA.) See 1. -A2- tk$~A^ It became peeled. (K.) ― -b2- tk$~A^ AlA^adiymu The hide became peeled: [i. e., its outer layer of skin, or scarf-skin, was shaven, or scraped off]. (S.) inf. n. of 1, q. v. ― -b2- Roughness and corrugation [or chapping] in the skin of the hand. (TA.) and ka$iYo'N Filled with food. (K.) -A2- ka$iYo'N Meat roasted until it becomes dry. (S.) A vice, fault, defect, blemish, or something amiss. (K.) k$b , aor. , inf. n. ka$obN; and ↓ k$~b, inf. n. tako$iybN; He ate flesh-meat and the like with vehemence. (K, TA.) see 1. k$v (S, K) and ku$uwvN and ka$uwvaY and ka$uwvaA'u (of the fem. gender, Ibn-Buzruj, in TA, voce hinodabN) and A^uko$uwvN but this last is a bad word, (K,) [as also $akuwvaY and $akuwvaA'u,] [A species of cuscuta, or dodder;] a certain plant that clings to the branches of trees, having no root in the earth. (S, K.) [See also Al$~ajarapu Alxabiyvapu, in art. xbv. And see Alfaqodu and sakarN.] ― -b2- A poet says, huwa Alka$uwvu falaA A^aSolN walaA waraqN walaA nasiymN walaA Zil~N walaA vamaru [He is the Kashooth: therefore (he has) no root nor leaves nor fragrance, nor shade nor fruit]. (S.) k$H ; and ↓ kA$Hhu, (S, L, K,) inf. n. mukaA$aHapN and ki$aAHN; (L;) signify the same, (S, K,) He determined, or resolved, upon enmity to him: (L:) was inimical to him, (L, K,) and broke friendship with him: (L:) hated him and was inimical to him: bore a secret enmity to him. (L.) -A2- ka$aHa He dispersed, (S, K,) and drove away, (S,) a people. (S, K.) ― -b2- ka$aHuwA Eani AlmaA='i, and ↓ Ank$HwA, They (a people, S) dispersed from the water: (S, K:) they went away from it, and dispersed: (TA:) they went back from it. (T.) ― -b3- ka$aHa He went back; retired. (A.) -A3- ka$aHahu He pierced, or stabbed, him in the part called ka$oHN. (TA.) ― -b2- ka$aHa; (L;) and ↓ k$~H, (Kr, L,) inf. n. tako$iyHN; (K;) He cauterized, (K,) or marked with a hot iron, a camel (L) in the part called ka$oHN. (L, K.) ― -b3- ku$iHa, inf. n. ka$oHN, He had a pain in his ka$oHN. (L.) ― -b4- Also, (inf n. as above, S,) He was cauterized for the disease called ka$aHN. (S, L, K.) see 1. see 1. see 1. The Ha$aY [i. e. the flank; or part between the false ribs and the hip; also explained in the TA by the word xaASirap]: (L:) or the part between the hypochondre and the false ribs, (S, L, K,) and from near the navel to the portion of flesh and sinew next the back-bone: (L:) the part against which the sword hangs when a man is wearing it; and the part corresponding thereto on the other side: (T:) or each of the two sides of the belly, externally and internally, [or behind and before]; and so in a horse: (M:) or the waist: [see a verse of Imra-el-Keys cited voce mu*al~alN:] or the part from the top, or projecting portion, of the haunch-bone to the armpit: (L:) pl. ku$uwHN. (A.) -A2- TawaY ka$oHFA He determined upon a thing, or affair, and persevered in his determination. (T.) [See an ex. voce A^ab~a.] ― -b2- TawaY ka$oHahu EalaY AlA^amori He determined, or resolved, upon the thing, or affair, in his mind, syn. A^aDomarahu: (S, A, K:) and hid it, or concealed it: (S, K:) or, accord. to the L, and other lexicons, he persevered in the thing, or affair. (TA.) ― -b3- TawaY ka$oHahu He went away, and cut the ties of kindred. (L.) ― -b4- TawaY ka$oHahu Ean~iY He cut me, or cut the tie of friendship that united him to me, and broke off from me, abandoned me, or discarded me, (S, L, K,) and became inimical to me: (L:) he turned away from me. (L.) ― -b5- ka$oHN Either side of a wi$aAH; from which the k$H of the body is said to have its name, because the former hangs against the latter: (L:) or a wi$aAH [altogether]; so called because it hangs against the k$H of the body; in like manner as an A_izaAr is called HaqowN: (A:) pl. ku$uwHN (TA.) -A3- The kind of shells called cowries, or conchæ Veneris; syn. wadaEN: pl. ku$uwHN: (K:) or a wi$aAH made of such shells: A^awo$iHap were made of white shells of that kind. (Aboo-Sa'eed Es-Sukkaree.) A certain disease (which attacks a man, S, K,) in the ka$oH, (meaning the flank, xaASirap, TA,) and for which he is cauterized: (S, L, K:) or the pleurisy, syn. *aAtu Aljanob. (K.) , a subst., A determining, or resolving, upon enmity to another: hating enmity: secret enmity: estrangement of oneself from another. (L.) A mark made by burning with a hot iron in the part called k$H. (S, K.) One who determines, or resolves, upon enmity (yuDomiruhu) to another: (S, L, K:) a hating enemy: (L:) a secret enemy: as though he folded up enmity in his ka$oH; or as though he turned his ka$oH towards thee, and his face from thee; (ISd, L;) or because he conceals enmity in his ka$oH, in which is his liver, which is the seat of enmity and hatred; wherefore an enemy is called A^asowadu Alkabidi, as though enmity had burned his liver: (L:) or, accord. to some, one who estranges himself from another. (Msb.) A man cauterized for the disease called ka$aHN: (S, L, K:) a man cauterized with the mark called ki$aAHN, below the ribs. (L.) ― -b2- A man smitten with a sword in his ka$oH. (K.) k$d See Supplement k$r , (M, A, K,) aor. , inf. n. ka$orN; (M, K;) [and ↓ tk$~r, alone; (occurring in the S, K, voce kalaHa;)] He displayed his teeth, or grinned, (M, A, K,) in laughter, and otherwise. (M, K.) You say also ka$ara Eano naAbihi He (a camel) displayed his tusk: (S:) and he (a beast of prey) snarled by reason of irritation. (TA.) And ka$ara Eano A^anoyaAbihi He (an enemy, and a beast of prey,) displayed his dog-teeth, or tusks. (A.) And A_iko$iro Eano A^anoyaAbika (tropical:) Threaten thou. (A.) ― -b2- Also ka$ara, inf. n. as above, He smiled, or laughed a little without any sound, so as to display his teeth: (ISk, S, K: *) or he displayed his teeth in smiling. (TA.) And ka$ara A_ilayohi He smiled to him, displaying his teeth. (A.) ― -b3- And ka$ara fulaAnN lifulaAnK (tropical:) Such a one behaved ferociously to such a one, or became changed towards him, and threatened him. (TA.) , (A, K,) inf. n. mukaA$arapN, (A,) He displayed his teeth to him, or grinned to him: (K:) or he laughed in his face; and conversed, or acted with him without shyness or aversion, boldly, or in a free and easy, or cheerful, manner (wabaAsaTahu). (TA.) see 1. [The act of displaying the teeth, or grinning, to another: or laughing in the face of another, and looking at him in an open or a cheerful manner:] a subst. from kaA$ara, (K, TA,) like hijorapN from haAjara, and Ei$orapN from EaA$ara. (Az, TA.) k$T , (S, Msb, K,) aor. , (Msb, MS,) inf. n. ka$oTN, (Msb, K,) He removed, put off, took off, or stripped off, (S, Msb, K,) a thing (Msb, K) from (Eano) a thing which it covered; (K;) as, for instance, the housing, or covering, (S, K,) from a horse, (K,) or from the back of a horse; (S;) and the cover from a thing; (S;) and the skin from a slaughtered camel: (TA:) and qa$aTa is a dial. var. thereof; (Yaakoob, S;) the former being of the dial. of Kureysh, (Yaakoob, accord. to the TA,) or of Keys, (M in art. q$T,) and the latter of the dial. of Temeem and Asad; the k not being a substitute for the q: (Yaakoob, TA:) and ↓ Astk$T signifies the same. (Ham., p. 693.) It is said in the Kur, [lxxxi. 11,] waA_i*aA Als~amaA='u ku$iTato And when the heaven shall be removed from its place, like as a roof is removed from its place; (Zj, K;) and in like manner qu$iTatN, (Zj, S, *) accord. to the reading of 'Abd-Allah [Ibn-Mes'ood]: (S:) or shall be pulled off and folded together. (Fr.) And you say also, ka$aTa AlHarofa He removed the letter from its place. (TA.) And ku$iTa rawoEuhu, (TA,) inf. n. ki$aATN, (K, * TA,) (tropical:) His fright, or fear, became removed; (K, * TA;) and so ↓ Ank$T rwEh: (TA:) or the latter signifies (tropical:) his fright, or fear, went away. (S, K, TA.) And ka$aTa Ald~aAb~aha and qa$aTahaA [He removed the housing, or covering, from the beast of carriage]. (TA in art. q$T.) And ka$aTotu AlbaEiyra, (S, Msb,) aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (S, Msb,) I skinned the camel: (S, Msb:) you should not say salaxotu; for the Arabs, in speaking of a camel, say only ka$aTotuhu and jal~adotuhu. (S.) The clouds became dissundered and dispersed in the sky. (TA.) [The dust became removed, or cleared away, by the wind]. (T, TA in art. jwl.) See also 1. see 1. i. q. qusoTN. (AA in TA art. qsT.) : see ku$iTa. -A2- The stripped skin of a slaughtered camel. (Lth, K.) Sometimes the latter is covered over with it; and one says, A_irofaEo EanohaA ki$aATahaA liA^anoZura A_ilaY laHomihaA [Take thou off from it its stripped skin, that I may look at its flesh.] (Lth, K. *) : see what next follows. A slaughterer [or skinner] of camels; as also ↓ ka$~aATN. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, [its pls.] ka$aTapN (Lth, K,) and kaA$iTuwna (M, TA) The owners of a skinned camel. (Lth, M, K.) [A skinned slaughtered camel]. (K.) k$f k$m k$w kS See Supplement kZ , (S, K,) aor. , inf. n. kaZ~N, (S,) It (food, S, K, and in like manner drink, TA) affected him with kiZ~ap, q. v.; (S,) filled him so that he could not breathe: (K:) filled him, and made him heavy. (TA.) ― -b2- He, or it, made him sad, or sorrowful, by reason of much eating; inf. n. kaZ~apN. (Lth.) ― -b3- He filled it (namely a skin for water or milk) so as to make it stretch. (TA.) ― -b4- [And hence, app.,] He made it (namely a rope) firm, or fast. (Ibn-'Abbád.) ― -b5- kaZ~a AlgayoZu Sadorahu [in the TA kaZ~ah, which is evidently a mistranscription,] (assumed tropical:) Wrath, or rage, filled his bosom: and AlgayoZu ↓ A_ikotaZ~ahu signifies the same as kaZ~ahu (assumed tropical:) [wrath, or rage, filled him]. (TA.) ― -b6- kaZ~ahu AlA^amoru, (S, K,) aor. , inf. n. kaZ~N (TA) and kaZaAZN and kaZaAZapN, (K,) (tropical:) The affair, or case, oppressed him with grief; (S, K, TA;) distressed him; (K, TA;) filled him with grief, or disquietude, or anxiety, and burdened him. (TA.) ― -b7- kaZ~a xaSomahu (assumed tropical:) He bridled his adversary so that he found no way of escape. (TA.) -A2- See also 8. , inf. n. mukaAZ~apN and kiZaAZN, (assumed tropical:) The people, or company of men, straitened one another, or crowded together, and clave together, in the place of fight, in war; as also ↓ tkAZ~wA. (TA.) kiZaAZN signifies [likewise] (assumed tropical:) Long cleaving, or holding fast, (K, TA,) notwithstanding difficulty: (TA:) and vehement striving for the mastery in war or fight; as also mukaAZ~apN: (S, K:) and the latter, [or both,] (assumed tropical:) the exceeding the ordinary bounds in enmity; as also ↓ takaAZ~N. (TA.) You say, bayonahomo kiZaAZN (assumed tropical:) [Between them is vehement striving for the mastery in fight]. (S.) And it is said in a prov., layosa A^axuw AlkiZaAZi mano yasoA^amuhu (assumed tropical:) [He who is fitted for vehement striving for the mastery is not he who turns away from it with disgust]: meaning kaAZ~ihimo maA kaAZ~uwka (assumed tropical:) [Strive thou vehemently for the mastery with them as long as they so strive with thee]; i. e. do not thou turn away from them with disgust unless they so turn away from thee. (TA.) [Meyd relates it thus: A^axuw AlkiZaAZi mano laA yasoA^amuhu (assumed tropical:) He who is fitted for vehement striving for the mastery is he who does not turn away from it with disgust.] You say also, Alqawomu ↓ takaAZ~a (assumed tropical:) The people, or company of men, exceeded the ordinary bounds in enmity. (S.) See also kiZaAZN below. see 3, in three places. He became filled by food so that he could not breathe, (K,) and in like manner by drink. (TA.) It is also said of the belly. (TA.) ― -b2- (tropical:) It (a water-course) became straitened by the abundance of its flow of water; (S;) as also ↓ kaZ~a, [aor., accord. to general rule, ;] (TA;) and so AktZ~ biAlmaA='i: (K:) and AktZ~ bivajiyji AlmaA='i (tropical:) it (a valley) became filled by the rain and torrent. (TA.) [See also R. Q. 1 and 2.] ― -b3- AktZ~ Alqawomu fiY Almasojidi (assumed tropical:) The people straitened, or crowded, one another in the mosque. (TA.) ― -b4- AktZ~hu AlgayoZu: see 1. , inf. n. kaZokaZapN, It (a skin for water or milk) stretched when being filled: (Lth, K:) was seen to become even [more and more] as often as water was poured into it. (O, K.) [See also 8, and R. Q. 2.] He erected himself, sitting, as often as he filled his belly, (Lth, K,) becoming filled so that he could not breathe, (K,) after being seen to be in a bending posture, (Lth,) while eating. (K.) ― -b2- It (a skin for water or milk) became filled, or full. (TA.) [See also 8, and R. Q. 1.] [originally an inf. n. ― -b2- Used as a simple subst.,] (tropical:) Grief, or disquietude, or anxiety, that fills the bosom: so in the saying of 'Omar Ibn- 'Abd-el-'Azeez, in speaking of death, wakaZ~N layosa kaAlokaZ~i, meaning And grief, &c., that is not like other grief, &c., but more vehement. (TA.) [See also ganoZN.] -A2- It is also used as an epithet: you say rajulN kaZ~N (tropical:) A man whom affairs oppress, or distress, and overcome, so that he is unable to perform them. (Ibn-'Abbád, K. *) ― -b2- And rajulN laZ~N kaZ~N (assumed tropical:) A man, hard, or difficult, in disposition. (S, L: in some copies of the former, kaZ~N laZ~N.) ISd thinks that kZ~ is here an imitative sequent. (TA in art. lZ, q. v.) Repletion, or the state of being much filled, with food or drink: (M, Mgh, * K:) and a thing that befalls (S, A, K) a man, (S,) or an animal, (A,) in consequence of impletion [or repletion] with food: (S, A, K:) pl. A^akiZ~apN. (TA.) Hence the trad. of En-Nakha'ee, AlA^akiZ~apu EalaY AlA^akiZ~api masomanapN makosalapN masoqamapN [Repletions upon repletions are causes of fattening, rendering heavy or lazy, diseasing]. (TA.) : see 3, of which it is an inf. n. ― -b2- Also, (assumed tropical:) Difficulty, or distress, and fatigue, (K, TA,) in an affair, such as takes away the breath. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Grief, or disquietude, or anxiety, occasioned by war, filling the heart. (L.) A man replete with food. (Mgh.) ― -b2- A skin for water or milk filled so as to be made to stretch; as also ↓ makoZuwZN. (TA.) ― -b3- (tropical:) A man oppressed, or distressed [and overcome, (see kaZ~N,)] by affairs, so as to be unable to perform them; as also ↓ makoZuwZN and ↓ mukaZ~aZN: (K:) or all these signify (tropical:) grieved, and full of heaviness. (TA.) ― -b4- (assumed tropical:) Angry, or enraged, in the most vehement degree. (TA.) -A2- A state of fulness, or impletion. (TA.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) A mutual straitening, or crowding together. (TA.) You say, EalaY baAbi fulaAnK kaZiyZN (tropical:) At the door of such a one is a crowding together. (Har, p. 341.) This food is a cause of indigestion, and heaviness of the stomach. (TA.) : see kaZiyZN; the latter in two places. : see kaZiyZN; the latter in two places. kZb , aor. , inf. n. kuZuwbN, He became full of fat: (IAar, K:) like HaZaba. (TA.) kZr , (K,) aor. , (TK,) inf. n. kaZorN, (TA,) He made to the bow a kuZor, or notch to receive the ring of the string. (K.) ― -b2- kaZara Alz~anodapa, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He cut in the [piece of wood called] zndp a notch [from which to produce fire]. (K.) The notch in the curved extremity of the bow, in which is the string; (As, S;) the notch of the bow, into which falls the ring of the string: (A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akoZaArN (A) and [of mult.] kiZaArN and kiZaArapN. (TA.) ― -b2- kuZoru Alz~anodapi The notch [from which the fire is produced] in the [piece of wood called] zndp. You say Aln~aAru tasiylu mino kuZori Alz~anodapi Fire flows from the notch of the zndp. (A.) The piece of sinew which is tied upon the base of the notch of an arrow. (IDrd, K.) kZm See Supplement kEb , aor. and , (it seems to be implied in one place in the K, that the aor. is ; but this is not the case; TA,) inf. n. kuEuwbN and kiEaAbapN (by MF written kaEaAbapN) and kuEuwbapN; and ↓ kE~b, inf. n. takoEiybN; The girl's breast swelled, or became prominent or protuberant, (K,) and round: (TA:) [or began to swell, &c.: see kaAEibN]: or they use the term tafoliykN; then nuhuwdN; and then takoEiybN; [as applied to the successive stages of growth of the breast]. (TA.) kaEabati AljaAriyapu, aor. , (and , TA,) inf. n. kuEuwbN; and ↓ kE~bt; [and ↓ tkE~bt; (A, TA in art. Ej;)] The girl had breasts beginning to swell, or become prominent, or protuberant: (IAth, S:) [or had swelling, prominent, or protuberant, breasts: see kaAEibN]. -A2- kaEabahu, inf. n. kaEobN, He beat him on a hard, or tough, part; as the head, and the like: (TA:) [and so ↓ kE~bh: for it is mentioned in the TA, that a certain king was surnamed AlmukaE~ibu from his beating the protuberances of people's heads]. -A3- kaEaba, aor. ; (K;) and ↓ kE~b, inf. n. takoEiybN; (TA;) He filled a vessel (K) &c. (TA.) [kE~b It (a reed, or cane,) put forth, or produced, its jointed stem. ― -b2- Hence the phrase:] A_in~iY A^araY Al$~ar~a kaE~aba [(assumed tropical:) Verily I see the evil to have grown, like reeds when they put forth their jointed stems.] (TA, voce nab~aba.) ― -b3- kE~b lababahaA He put to her breast-band [the pronoun app. referring to daAb~ap “ a beast of carriage ”] edges, or borders, like kuEuwb [app. meaning play-bones, or dice, or similar things.]. (TA.) ― -b4- kE~b, inf. n. takoEiybN, He folded a garment, or piece of cloth, hard, or firmly, accord. to some, in a square form. (TA.) See also mukaE~abN. ― -b5- He made it square, (K,) [or rather of a cubic form]. ― -b6- And see 1 in four places. , inf. n. A_ikoEaAbN, He hastened: (K:) or he went away, paying no regard to anything: (TA:) or, inf. n. kaEaAbN, he went away injuriously (muDaAr~FA [an act. part. n.]) not caring for what was behind him, [or for the people whom he left behind him]: like kal~ala. (Aboo-Sa'eed.) Any joint, juncture, or place of division, of the bones. (K.) ― -b2- Also, [and more commonly, The ankle-bone, or talus;] in a man, what projects above the tarsus, where the foot is set on; (TA;) what projects above the foot; (K;) the bone that projects at the place of junction of the shank and the foot; (AA, As, S, Msb;) each foot has two bones thus termed; one on the right and the other on the left; (Msb;) each of the two bones that project on either side of the foot; (K, TA:) or the anklejoint, or tarsal-joint; the joint that is between the shank and the foot: (IAar, &c., Msb:) As rejected the saying of the [common] people, that it is in the upper part (Zahor) of the foot: (S:) some persons say, that it is each of the two bones that are in the upper part (Zahor) of the foot: so say the Shee'ah: and in like manner Yahyà Ibn-El-Hárith speaks of the kiEaAb as in the middle of the foot: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akoEubN and [of mult.] kuEuwbN and kiEaAbN. (K.) ― -b3- jaAriyapN daromaA'u AlkuEuwbi A girl the heads of whose bones are not big [or prominent]. ― -b4- Also employed with reference to any quadruped; meaning, in a horse, What is between each waZiyf and saAq: or between the bone of the wZyf and the bone of the sAq; which projects backwards: [by this is meant, not the fetlock-joint, or hind fetlock-joint, but the hock: for it has been shown, voce Euroquwb, that the term kaEob, with reference to quadrupeds, is sometimes applied to what anatomists term the tarsus]. (TA.) ― -b5- kaEobN and ↓ kaEobapN [An ossicle] with which one plays; [a play-bone; a cockal-bone; the superior bone of the tarsus, called by anatomists astragalus or as tali, a little bone, somewhat oblong, taken from the foot of a sheep, or the like, thrown in play, like a die:] (Lh, K:) the die (faS~) that is used in the game of tables, or backgammon, (Aln~arod); (TA;) [any die that is used in play]: pl. (of the former word, TA) kiEaAbN and (of the latter, TA,) kuEobN and kaEabaAtN. (K: the last so written accord. to the TA; but in the CK kaEobaAtN.) The playing with the kEb is forbidden (Kur v. 92]. (TA.) ― -b6- A conventional term of arithmeticians [a cube]. (K.) ― -b7- (tropical:) A piece of clarified butter; (S;) such [a lump, or compact piece] as is termed kutolap, thereof: (K:) and [a lump] of dates [compacted together]: (M, voce fidorapN:) a piece of clarified butter, or of fat or grease. (TA.) ― -b8- (tropical:) What is termed a Sum~ap (or what is poured out at once, or what remains in a vessel, &c., or a small quantity,) of milk, (K,) or of clarified butter. (TA.) ― -b9- (tropical:) [A knot, or joint, of a reed or cane;] what is between each two internodal portions of a reed or cane; (K;) the prominent part that is at the extremity of each of the internodal portions of a spear [of reed or cane]: (S:) or an internodal portion, or portion that is between each two knots, or joints, of a reed or cane: (Msb:) pl. kuEuwbN and kiEaAbN. (TA.) ― -b10- By SArwA kEAbA, in the following verse, raA^ayotu Al$~aEoba mino kaEobK wakaAnuwA mina Al$~anoaA=ni qado SaAruwA kiEaAbaA the poet means, they were divided and opposed in mind or opinion, so that each portion that was of one mind, or opinion, became a party by itself. (AAF.) [He seems to compare them to play-bones thrown on the ground; or to the several joints, or knots, of a reed, or cane; or to a spear not equal, or uniform, in the joints, or knots, of its cane-shaft.] ― -b11- rumoHN bikaEobK waAHidK A spear with equal, or uniform, knots, or joints; not having one knot, or joint, thicker than another. (TA.) -A2- (tropical:) Eminence, or nobility, and glory. (K.) ― -b2- rajulN EaAliY AlkaEobi A man eminent, or noble, and successful in his enterprises. (TA.) ― -b3- A^aEolaY All~`hu kaEobahu May God exalt his glory! (TA, from a trad.) ― -b4- laA yazaAlu kaEobuka EaAlyFA May thy glory not cease to be exalted! See EaAlK, in art. Elw. (TA.) ― -b5- EalaA kaEobuka biY Thy nobility, or glory, hath exalted me. (TA.) ― -b6- This signification is taken from the kaEob of a cane: and kaEobN is applied to Anything elevated. (IAth.) A girl's or woman's, breast, (K,) that is swelling, prominent, or protuberant. (TA.) See also kaAEibN. see kaEobN. ― -b2- Any square [or cubic] house, or chamber, or the like. (K.) ― -b3- A chamber of the kind called gurofap: (K:) thought by ISd to be so called because of its square [or cubic] form. (TA.) ― -b4- AlkaEobapu The Sacred House; [the square, or cubic, building, in the centre of the Temple of Mekkeh]: (S, K:) said to be so called because of its square [or cubic] form: (S:) or because of its height and its square form: also called kaEobapu Albayoti [The Kaabeh of the House (of God)]. (TA.) ― -b5- AlkaEabaAtu, (K,) or *uw AlkaEabaAti, (S, K,) A house [or temple] belonging to the tribe of Rabee'ah, who used to compass it, or perform circuits round it, [as is done round the Kaabeh of Mekkeh]. (S, K: in one copy of the S, written *uw AlkaEabayoni.) A girl's virginity, or maidenhead: (K:) [the virgineal membrane: as shown by a verse cited in the TA]. : see kuEokub~apN. A nuwnap of hair: this is made by a woman's disposing her hair in four plaits, and inserting them, one in another; thus they (i. e. the plaits, TA) become [what are termed] ↓ kuEokub~N [a coll. gen. n., of which kEkb~p is the n. un.]. (K.) ― -b2- Also, and kuEokubiy~apN, A certain mode of combing, or dressing, the hair. (K.) ― -b3- [These words are inserted in this art. in the K: but I think that they should be in a separate art., as quadriliteral-radical words; being of the same class as simosaArN &c.] A virgin. (TA.) See kaAEibN. , (this is the most common of the epithets here mentioned, TA,) and ↓ kaEaAbN, (S, K,) and ↓ mukaE~ibN, (K,) and kaAEibapN, (KL,) and, as written by some, ↓ mukaE~ibapN, (TA,) A girl whose breasts are beginning to swell, or become prominent, or protuberant: (IAth, S:) or having swelling, prominent, or protuberant, breasts: see 1: (K, TA:) pl. of the first kawaAEibu and [of the first or second] kiEaAbN; the latter mentioned by Th; the former occurring in the Kur lxxviii. 33. (TA.) ― -b2- vadoYN kaAEibN. and ↓ mukaE~ibN, and ↓ mukaE~abN, (in some copies of the K, mukoEabN, in either case extr., the forms being those of pass. part. ns., and the signification that of an act. part. n.,]) and ↓ mutakaE~ibN, A girl's breast that is swelling, prominent, or protuberant: (K:) [or beginning to swell, &c,: see 1, and see also kuEobN]. see kaAEibN. ― -b2- A burod, (S, K,) and a garment, or piece of cloth, variegated, or figured, (S, K,) with squares. (Lh, S.) Some explain it as signifying variegated, or figured, without applying it particularly to a garment, or piece of cloth, or to a brd. (TA.) ― -b3- A garment, or piece of cloth, folded hard or firmly, (S, K,) accord. to some, in a square form. (TA.) ― -b4- wajodN mukaE~ibN A hard and projecting face. (TA.) ― -b5- mukaE~abapN The kind of basket called dawoHal~apN (K) and $awogarapN and wa$axapN. (TA.) : see kaAEibN and 1. : see kaAEibN. kEbr See Supplement kEt , (inf. n. A_ikoEaAtN, TA,) He went away quickly. (TS, K.) -A2- He sat down. (TS, K.) -A3- He mounted [his beast] swollen with anger. (TS, K.) Short: fem. with p (S, K:) an epithet applied to a man, and, with p, to a woman. (AZ, S.) The cover of a glass bottle. (K.) So in the scholia in certain of the copies of the S, relied upon for accuracy. (TS, L.) The [bird called] bulobulN: (S, K:) a small bird (EuSofuwrN) called by the people of ElMedeeneh nugarN: (IAth:) pl. kiEotaAnN. (S, K.) The ErArp (with an unpointed E meftoohah, the name of a certain plant; (TA;) in the CK, giraArap, or sack;) became collected together, and round. (K.) (as also kavoEabN, TA) A large (and full and prominent, TA) pubes, (S, K,) or pudendum: (TA:) a prominent, compact, pubes. (Fr.) Pudendum muliebre. (ISk.) ― -b2- kaEovabN (as also kavoEabN, TA) A woman having a large (and full and prominent, TA) pubes, (K,) or pudendum. (TA.) kEdb and kaEodabapN A base, unmanly, person. (K.) Bubbles that float upon the surface of water; (K;) resulting from rain: (TA:) a bubble floating upon the surface of water &c. (TA): or a spider's web: (AA:) ― -b2- Also, Stones. (TA.) ― -b3- All these significations are also assigned to juEodubapN. (TA, art. jEdb, q. v.) kEr kEs See Supplement kEsb He ran (K) vehemently: like kaEoZala: (TA:) and fled: (K:) like kaEosama: (TA:) or he ran slowly: or he walked quickly: or he walked in the manner of a drunken man. (K.) kEkb &c.: see art. kEb. kEl kEm See Supplement kEnb Short: (K:) an epithet applied to a man. (Az.) -A2- AlkaEonabu and AlkuEaAnibu The lion. (K.) -A3- kaEaAnibu Knobs, or protuberances, (EujarN,) of the head. (K.) kaEonabN A man having knobs, or protuberances, (EujarN,) on his head. (K.) A he-goat having the horn curved so as to resemble a ring: (K:) like mu$aEonab, q. v. (TA.) kgd , (Msb, K,) and kaAgidN, (L, TA,) Paper; syn. qiroTaAsN [which seems to be properly paper made of the papyrus]: (K:) a Persian word, (L,) arabicized. (L, K.) The d is sometimes changed into *, (Msb, TA,) and into T. (TA.) [ A maker, or seller, of paper.] kg* i. q. kaAgadN. (L, K.) kfA^ He turned a thing over; as a man turns over a cake of bread in his band until it becomes even. ↓ yatakaf~aA^u occurs in a trad. respecting the Day of Resurrection, accord. to one relation, for yakofaA^u, in this sense: it is said that the earth will be like a single cake of bread, which God will turn over in his hand, as a man in a journey turns over a cake of bread. (TA.) kafaA^a, (Ks, S, K,) inf. n. kafN'N and kafaA='apN; (TA;) and ↓ AkfA^, (IAar, S, K,) and ↓ AktfA^; (S, K;) but the first word is said to be the most chaste; He inverted, or turned upside-down, (S, K,) a vessel &c. (S, TA.) [You say] kufiy^ato jafonatuhu [His bowl was turned upside-down; meaning] (tropical:) He was slain: a phrase similar to huriyqa rifoduhu. (A in art. rfd.) ― -b2- kafaA^a (TA) and ↓ AkfA^, (Ks, and rejected by As, (TA,) He inclined, or made to turn aside or incline, (S, K,) a bow, in shooting with it, and a vessel, (Ks, S,) &c. (TA.) And kafaA^a (TA) and ↓ AkfA^, (K,) and ↓ AnkfA^ (TA) He, or it, inclined: intrans. (K, TA.) ― -b3- kafaA^ahu Eano $aYo, (S, * K, * TA,) inf. n. kafo'N, (S, TA,) He turned him away, or back from a thing; (S, K, TA;) as from a thing that he desired to do, to another thing. (S, TA.) And kafaA^a Eano $aYo'K He turned away, or back, from a thing: intrans. (TA.) [See also 4 and 7.] kafaA^a Alqawumu The people turned away, or back. (K.) [See also 7.] ― -b4- kafaA^a He drove away a man, (K,) or camels. (L.) ― -b5- kafaA^a AlA_ibila He made an assault upon the camels, and took them away. (TA.) ― -b6- kafaA^a He followed, or pursued, another. (K.) ― -b7- kafaA^a Alganamu fiY Al$~iEobi The sheep entered the ravine. (K.) ― -b8- kafaA^a lawonuhu, and lwnh ↓ AkfA^, and lwnh ↓ tkf~A^, (TA,) and lwzh ↓ AnkfA^, (K,) (as also Ankft lwnh, TA,) (tropical:) His, or its, colour changed. (K.) , inf. n. mukaAfaA^apu and kifaA^'N, He requited, compensated, or recompensed, him for a thing. (S, K.) ― -b2- maA liY bihi qibalN walaA kifaA='N I have not power to requite him. (S.) ― -b3- kAfA^h, (K,) inf. n. mukaAfaA^apN and kifaA='N, (TA,) He was like him; was equal to him; equalled him. (K.) -A2- kAfA^h He watched him; observed him. (K.) -A3- kAfA^, (K,) inf. n. mukaAfaA^apN, (TA,) He repelled; turned, or put away; kept away, or off; withstood, or resisted. (K, TA.) ― -b2- kAfA^ bayona faArisayoni birumoHihi He thrust this horseman, and then that, with his spear. (K, TA.) ― -b3- kAfA^ byn AlbaEiyrayoni He stabbed this camel, and then that. (Z.) -A4- laA mukaAfaA^apa EinodiY fiY ka*aA There is no concealment with me in respect of such a thing; as also lA muHaAjaApa. (TA in art. Hjw.) See 1, in four places. ― -b2- AkfA^ fiY sayorihi Eani AlqaSodi, (TA,) or kafaA^a, (K,) He deviated, or turned aside, in his journey, from the object he had in view. (K, * TA.) -A2- AkfA^ AlA_ibila kafoA^atayoni He divided the camels into two equal numbers, setting apart the one half for breeding during one year, and the other half for breeding during the next. It was esteemed the best plan, by the Arabs, to leave a she-camel for one year after her breeding, without suffering the stallion to cover her; in like manner as land is left fallow for a year. (S, TA.) ― -b2- The same is also said of sheep &c. (TA.) -A3- AkfA^h A_ibilahu waganamahu (S, * K, * TA) He assigned to him the profits, (K,) or the profits for a year, (S,) of his camels and his sheep or goats; (K, TA;) i.e., their hair and wool, milk, and young ones. (S, TA.) -A4- AkfA^t AlA_ibilu Many of the camels had young ones in their wombs. (K.) -A5- AkfA^ Albayota, (K,) inf. n. A_ikofaA='N, (S,) He made for the tent a kifaA='. (S, K, TA.) -A6- AkfA^, (K,) inf. n. A_ikofaA'N, (TA,) in poetry, accord. to a commentary on the Káfee, He used as the rawiY~ two letters having their places of utterance near to each other; as T with d: [such is the signification of the verb accord. to general usage in the present day:] or, accord. to the Ahkám el-Asás, he changed the rwY~ from r to l, or l to m: or he made a similar change of one letter to another having its place of utterance near to that of the former: or it has another signification, given below, accord. to the same authority: (TA:) or he used different letters in the rhymes; (S, K;) whether letters having their places of utterance near to each other, or the contrary; (TA;) or in some m and in some n and in some d, and in some T, and in some H, and in some x, &c.; as says AZ; and this is the meaning known to the Arabs: (S:) or he used different vowels in the rwY~: (Fr, S:) or i. q. A^aqowaY: (S, K:) or, accord. to the Ahkám el-Asás, it signifies either as explained above on that authority, (TA,) or he used different final inflections in the rhymes: (K:) or he changed the final vowel in the rhyme; ending one verse with Dam~ap, and another with kasorap, [which are the two vowels that resemble each other]: (TA:) [see a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. gyb:] or he impaired the end of a verse in any way. (K.) Eloquent Arabs explained the meaning of the verb in this last manner to Akh, without defining any particular kind of impairment: but one made it to consist in the use of different letters. (TA.) It (a vessel &c.) was inverted, or turned upside-down. (TA.) See also 1, in two places. ― -b2- tkf~A^ (as also tk~fY, inf. n. takaf~K; but the original word is that with hemzeh;) He inclined forwards, in walking, as a ship inclines in her course. Mohammad is said to have walked in this manner, which is indicative of strength. (TA.) [And so] tkf~A^t She (a woman) moved her body from side to side, in walking, as the tall palm-tree moves from side to side. (S.) [And] She (a ship) inclined forwards in her course. (TA.) [See an ex., voce A^aEoraba, in this sense; or, as implied in the S, in the sense immediately preceding.] They two were like, or equal, each to the other. (S, K.) ― -b2- tatakaAfaA^u dimaAw^uhumo Their blood (i. e., the blood of the Muslims,) shall be equally retaliated, or expiated: (A 'Obeyd, S:) i. e., the noble shall have no advantage over the ignoble in the retaliation or expiation of blood. (A 'Obeyd.) He turned, or was turned, away, or back, from a thing that he desired to do; (S;) [see also 1;] he returned, or went back, or reverted. (S, K.) ― -b2- Also, (TA,) or ↓ kafaA^a, (K,) It (a party) became routed, defeated, or put to flight. (K, TA.) ― -b3- See 1, in two places. See 1. ― -b2- AktfA^ A^aholiyhimo waA^amowaAlahumo [He carried off their families and their goods.] (TA, from a trad.; mentioned next after the explanation of kafaA^a AlA_ibila.) He asked him for a year's produce of his camels; i.e., their young ones in the womb in one year; (S, TA;) or their hair and wool, milk, and young ones, of one year. (TA.) ― -b2- AstkfA^h naxolapF He asked him for a year's produce of a palm-tree. (TA.) and kufo'N and kifo'N and kufuw^N see kifaA'N, and for kifo'N see also kafiYo'N. and ↓ kufoA^apN (S, K) The young ones in the wombs of camels, in one year: or those after the dams have not conceived for one year or more: (K:) or a year's produce of camels [&c.]; i. e., their hair and wool, and their milk, as well as their young ones. (AZ, S, K.) You say A^aEoTiniY kfA^pa naAqatika Give me the year's produce, &c., of thy she-camel. (S.) ― -b2- ― -b3- And, both words (tropical:) A year's produce of a palm-tree. (K.) ― -b4- (tropical:) A year's produce of a piece of land. (K.) See also 4. : see kafoA^apN. (K) and ↓ kafaA^'apN (S, K) Likeness; equality. (S, K.) ― -b2- kafaA^'N A slight inclination, to one side, of a camel's hump, and the like. This is the slightest of faults in a camel; for when the camel grows fat, his hump becomes erect. (TA.) , originally an inf. n. [of 3], and ↓ kufo'N and kufuwo'N [&c., as in the following examples,] Like; equal; a match. (S.) ― -b2- h`*aA kifaAw^uhu, and ↓ kafiyoy^atuhu, and ↓ kafiyw^uhu, and ↓ kufow^uhu, and ↓ kafow^uhu, and ↓ kifow^uhu, (in the CK, kafuw^uhu,) and ↓ kufuwow^uhu, (in the CK, kufuw^uhu,) This is like, or equal to, him or it: (K:) And laA kifaA='a lahu There is no one, or nothing, like, or equal, to him, or it. (S.) ― -b3- Zj says, that the words of the Kur-án, walamo yakuno lahu kufuw^FA A^aHadN (cxii. 4,) may be read in four different ways: ↓ kufuw^FA and ↓ kufoy^FA and ↓ kifoy^FA (in which three ways the word has been read) and kifaA'F (in which last way it has not been read.) Ibn-Ketheer and AA and Ibn-'Ámir and Ks read kufuw^FA: Hamzeh read kufoy^FA; and, in a case of pause, kufaA, without hemzeh. (TA,) ― -b4- Pl. (of kufo'N and kifo'N, and kufuw^N, and perhaps of kafo'N also, MF,) A^akofaA='N and (of all the above forms excepting kifaA='N, MF,) kifaA='N. (K.) ― -b5- kifaA='N As much as is equal to another thing. (L.) ― -b6- AlHamodu lil~hi kifaA='a AlwaAjibi Praise be to God, as much as is incumbent. (K.) -A2- kifaA='N A curtain (sutorap) extending from the top to the bottom of a tent, at the hinder part: or an oblong piece of staff at the hinder part of the kind of tent called xibaA': or a kisaA=' that is thrown upon a xbA', so as to reach the ground: (K:) or an oblong piece of stuff, or two such pieces well sewed together, attached by the kind of wooden pin called xilaAl to the hinder part of a xbA': (S:) or the hinder part of a tent: pl. A^akofiy^apN. (TA.) See miZal~apN in art. Zl. , and Allwn ↓ makofuwo'u, (K,) and Allwn ↓ makotafiy^u, (TA,) (tropical:) Changed in colour: (K:) said of the countenance and of other things: as also mukotafitu Allwn. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, mukofaA^u Alwajohi Changed in countenance. (TA.) -A2- See kifaA='N. -A3- kafiYo'N and ↓ kifo'N (as in the CK and a MS. copy of the K) or kifiYo'N (as in the TA) The bottom, or interior, or inside, (baTon,) of a valley. (K.) : see kifaA='N. : see kafaA='N. ― -b2- In marriage, Equality of the husband and wife in rank, religion, lineage house, &c. (L,) , fem. kafoA^aY, A camel whose hump inclines slightly to one side. (TA.) ― -b2- A camel's hump inclining to one side. (ISh.) The last of the days called A^ay~aAmu AlEajuwzi. (TA.) [See Ejwz.] : see kafiYo'N. Being like, or equal to: equalling. (S.) ― -b2- Also, in the following words of a trad., kaAna laA yaqobalu Alv~anaA='a A_il~aA min m~ukaAfiy^i, said to signify One of known sincerity in professing himself a Muslim: (IAmb:) or one not transgressing his proper bounds, nor falling short with respect to that [religion] to which God hath exalted him- (Az.) ― -b3- $aAtaAni mukaAfiy^ataAni, (S, K,) and mukaAfaA^ataAni. (K,) as the relaters of trads. say, (S,) in a trad. respecting the Eaqiyqap for a male child, (S, TA,) Two sheep, or goats, of equal age. (S, K.) Some assign to these words meanings slightly differing from the above; as, similar, one to another: also, slaughtered, one immediately after the other: (TA:) or slaughtered, one opposite to the other. (S.) : see kafiYo'N. kft , [aor. ,] inf. n. kafotN, It (a thing) turned over, lit, back for belly: (K:) or, as in a copy of the L, he turned a thing over, back for belly. (TA.) ― -b2- kafatahu, (K,) or kafatahu Eano wajohihi, (S,) aor. , (K,) inf. n. kafotN; and ↓ kf~th; (TA;) He turned him away, averted him, or diverted him, from his course, or design. (S, K.) (You say) kafatahu Eano HaAjatihi He withheld him, restrained him, or debarred him, from the thing that he wanted. (As.) ― -b3- All~`hu ↓ kf~thu God took him; syn. qabaDahu: meaning he died: and so kftp All~`h Alyh. (TA.) -A2- kafatN, [aor. , (S, K) inf. n. kafotN and kifaAtN and kafiytN and kafataAnN, (K,) He, or it, hastened, or was quick, or swift: (S:) it (a bird &c.) hastened, or was quick, or swift, in flying, and running, and contracted itself therein: (K:) it (a solid-hoofed animal) contracted its fore-legs quickly in running: (Az:) the kind of running and flying termed kafataAnN is like a turning aside, or starting aside, (HayadaAnN) with violence, or vehemence. (TA.) -A3- kafatahu, [aor. ,] inf. n. kafotN, He drove him, or urged him on, vehemently. (S.) ― -b2- kafata Al$~aYo'a A_ilayohi, (aor. , inf. n. kafotN, S,); and ↓ kf~th; (but the latter has an intensive signification; S;) He drew the thing together to himself, (S, K,) and contracted it, grasped it, or took it. (K.) [See an ex. of the latter verb in a verse cited voce raAjilapN.] ― -b3- A_ikofituwA SiboyaAnakumo biAll~ayoli (S) Draw together your boys, and confine them in the houses, or tents, at night. (A 'Obeyd.) Said by Mohammad. ― -b4- nuhiynaA A^ano nakofita Alv~iyaAba fiY AlS~alaApi We have been forbidden to draw together the clothes [that are upon us] in prayer: meaning, in the inclination of the body, and in prostration. (TA, from a trad.) ― -b5- kafata Ald~iroEa biAls~ayofi, aor. ; and ↓ kf~thA; which latter has an intensive signification; He hung the coat of mail [i.e. the lower part of it] by means of, or upon, the sword [which he was wearing], and then drew it together to him. Zuheyr says, describing a coat of mail, of which the wearer had hung upon the sword the redundant lower portions, and drawn it together to him, wa mufaADapK kaA@ln~ahoYi tanosijuhu AlS~abaA bayoDaA'a kaf~ata faDolahaA bimuhan~adi [And an ample coat of mail, like the pool which the east wind ripples in transverse directions; white; the redundant lower parts of which he had hung upon the sword of Indian steel, and which he had then drawn together to him.] (TA.) see 1, in two places. He contended with him in running, or in a race. (K.) -A2- maAta kifaAtFA, and mukaAfatapF, He died suddenly. (K.) He turned away, or became averted, or diverted, [Eano wajohihi from his course, or design]. (K.) ― -b2- He returned [En wjhh from his course, or design; and] A_ilaY manozilihi to his abode. (TA.) -A2- He, or it, became contracted; (K;) and so ↓ Astkft. (TA in art. skf.) ― -b2- It (a garment) was drawn up, or tucked up, and contracted. (TA.) ― -b3- He was compact in make. (K, TA.) ― -b4- He (a horse) was lean, lank, slender, light of flesh, or lank in the belly. (K.) -A3- Ankft lawonuhu His, or its, colour changed. (TA, art. kfA^.) He took the whole of the property, (K,) and drew it together to himself. (TA.) see 7. and ↓ kafiytN (and ↓ kafitN, Ks) A man quick or swift, (S, K,) and light, active, or agile, and slender: (K:) so too a horse. (TA.) ― -b2- ↓ EadowN kafiytN, and ↓ kifaAtN, [the latter originally an inf. n.] A quick, or swift, running: and so a passing by, or through. (L.) ― -b3- [Hence] kafotN (tropical:) Death. (K.) -A2- xubozN kafotN Bread without seasoning; without savoury food. (K.) -A3- See also kifotN. (S, Z, K, &c.) and ↓ kafotN (Fr. K) and ↓ kafitN (Z) A small cooking-pot. (S, K, &c.) It is said, in a proverb, kifotN A_ilaY way^iy~apK [A small cooking-pot (put) next to a large one]: i.e. a calamity next to which is another calamity. (S, TA.) Applied to him who oppresses a man, and compels him to do that which is disagreeable to him, and then adds to his oppression of him. (A 'Obeyd.) [See also Freytag, Arab. Prov. ii. 349.] -A2- See kafiytN. : see kafotN and kifotN. , and kufatapN, A horse that leaps, springs, or bounds, with his whole body and limbs, and so that one cannot get possession of him, or obtain the mastery over him. (K.) See also art. klt. [written without the syll. points] A certain herb. (See kaf~u Alkalobi, in art. klb.) A place in which a thing is drawn together, or comprehended, (S, K,) and collected, or congregated. (K.) So in the words of the Kur [lxxvii. 25 and 26,] A^alamo najoEali A@loA^aroDa kifaAtFA A^aHoyaA'F waA^amowaAtFA [Have we not made the earth a place which comprehends the living and the dead? meaning kifaAta A^aHoyaA'K waA^amowaAtK:] (S:) EshShaabee, pointing to the houses of El-Koofeh, said, h`*ihi kifaAtu AlA^aHoyaA'$; and then, turning to its tombs, he said, h`dhi kifaAtu AlA^amowaAti; meaning to explain the above text of the Kur: but ISd thinks, that kfAtA in this text is an inf. n., and that AHyA' and AmwAtA are governed by it in the acc. case. (TA.) : see kafotN. ― -b2- One who contends with another in running, or in a race. (TA.) kafiytN, as used in the following trad., in which Mohammad says, Hub~ibi A_ilaY~a Aln~isaA'u waAlT~iybu waruziqotu Alkafiyta [Women and perfumes have been made objects of love, or pleasant, to me; and I have been supplied with, or have received, &c.], signifies Food by which the body is sustained; or, sufficient to sustain life: or what sustains life: (TA:) or that by which food necessary for the support of life is drawn, or collected, together, (K,) and properly prepared for use: (TA:) [or the means of acquiring subsistence, &c.:] or coition; [meaning power for coition;] so accord. to El-Hasan: or strength for coition: or certain food that was sent down to Mohammad from heaven, of which he ate, and whereby he received strength for coition: he is related to have said, that Gabriel came to him with a cooking-pot called Alkafiytu, from which he derived the strength of forty men in coition: but Sgh says, in the TS, that the descent of the cookingpot from heaven is not accepted as true by the authors on the traditions. (TA.) ― -b3- See kifotN. -A2- kafiytN A traveller's provision-bag that does not lose [or suffer to escape] anything (K) of what is put into it: you say jiraAbN kfytN: (TA:) as also ↓ kifotN. (K.) The lion. (TS, K.) One who wears two coats of mail with a garment between them: (K:) or who wears a long coat of mail, and draws together its skirt by means of hooks, or the like, to loops in its middle part, to disencumber himself of the lower part. (T.) kfH , (S, K,) inf. n. kafoHN; (S;) and ↓ kaAfaHahu, inf. n. mukaAfaHapN and kifaAHN; (K;) [the latter form of the verb the more common;] He faced him; confronted him; encountered him; met him face to face: (S, K, TA:) or he met him, or encountered him, face to face, suddenly, or unexpectedly. (T, M.) [You say] laqiytuhu ↓ kifaAHFA, (S,) and ↓ mukaAfaHapF, and kafoHFA, (TA.) I met him face to face. (TA.) [And] kal~amahu A@ll~`hu ↓ kifaAHFA God spoke to him face to face, without anything intervening between them. (TA from a trad.) ― -b2- kafaHahaA, (K,) aor. ; (S;) and ↓ kaAfaHahaA, inf. n. as above; (K;) He kissed her suddenly, unexpectedly, or unawares: (K:) or he met her face to face, or encountered her, with a kiss: (S:) or he kissed her with full ability, and completely, without snatching the kiss: (T:) or he made his skin to meet, and come in contact with hers. (A 'Obeyd.) ― -b3- ↓ kaAfaHuwA (in war) signifies They contended together with swords face to face: (L:) or ↓ kaAfaHuwhumo, they encountered them in war face to face, having before their faces neither shield nor anything else. (As, S.) ― -b4- Also Eanohu ↓ kAfH He contended for him, and defended him. (L.) ― -b5- Als~amuwma ↓ kaAfaHotu (tropical:) [I faced, or encountered, the hot wind called samuwm]. (A.) ― -b6- bimaA saA='ahu ↓ kAfHhu (tropical:) [He encountered him with that which displeased or vexed him]. (A.) ― -b7- ↓ kAfHhu, inf. n. mukaAfaHapN, (tropical:) He refelled him by an argument, a plea, a proof, or an evidence: as though the argument &c. were likened to a sword, or other weapon. (MF.) -A2- kafaHa lijaAma Ald~aAb~api, (inf. n. kafoHN, TA,) He drew, or pulled, the bridle and bit of the beast of carriage; as also ↓ A^akofaHahu: (K:) or, as in the T and M, kafaHa Ald~aAb~apa biAlil~jaAmi he pulled the beast of carriage by the bridle and bit. (TA.) [See also 4.] See 1, throughout. ― -b2- fulaAnN yukaAfiHu AlA^umuwra (tropical:) Such a one superintends, manages, or conducts, affairs himself, or in his own person. (S, A.) , inf. n. A_ikofaAHN, He put the bit to the mouth of the beast of carriage, striking the mouth with it, in order that the beast might take it into its mouth. (T, S.) ― -b2- See also 1. (tropical:) The hot winds called smAy^m met, or encountered, one another. (L.) [They faced, confronted, or encountered, one another; or met face to face]. (A.) ― -b2- takaAfaHati AlkibaA$u [The rams butted one another.] (A.) ― -b3- takaAfaHati AlA^amowaAju (tropical:) The waves met and dashed together.] (A.) (tropical:) [A burning gust of the hot day-wind smote him, and a blast of the hot night-wind meeting him in the face]. (A.) A husband: (K:) so called because he beholds his wife face to face. (TA.) ― -b2- A bedfellow, syn. DajiyEN, (A, K,) of a woman. (TA.) ― -b3- A guest coming suddenly, or unexpectedly. (K, TA.) -A2- Like; or equal; syn. kufo'N, (S, K,) and nadiydN. (TA.) (tropical:) One who superintends, manages, or conducts, affairs himself, or in his own person. (TA.) See 3. kfr , (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor., in the sense first explained below , (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like yaDoribu, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written , and this is the proper form, because they say that kafara Aln~iEomapa [of which the aor. is ] is borrowed from kafara Al$~aYo'a in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is , is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly , as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of kuforN as meaning the contr. of A_iyomaAnN is ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally and , and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. to one signification, while the aor. has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. kaforN; (S, Msb;) and ↓ kf~rhu, (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. takofiyrN; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and kafara Ealayohi, aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say kafara Alba*ora A@lomabo*uwra He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And kafara Als~aHaAbu Als~amaA='a The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, fiY layolapK kafara Aln~ujuwma gamaAmuhaA In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also kafarahu All~ayolu, and kafara Ealayohi, The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And kafarati Alr~iyHu Alr~asoma The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And kafara fawoqa diroEihi He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. And diroEahu bivawobK ↓ kaf~ara He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And kafara mataAEahu He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) And kafara A@lomataAEa fiY AlwiEaA='i He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And ↓ kaf~ara nafosahu biAls~ilaAHi He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And kafara Aljaholu EalaY Eilomi fulaAnK Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) wakayofa takofuruwna, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor.,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) ― -b2- Hence, (Msb, TA,) kafara, (S,) and kafara Aln~iEomapa, and biAln~iEomapi; (Msb;) and kafara niEomapa A@ll~`hi, and biniEomapi A@ll~`hi; (K;) aor. , (TA,) inf. n. kuforaAnN. (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and kufuwrN, (S, K,) and kuforN; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [conferred upon him]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of $akara; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) walaA nakofuruka, in the prayer [termed Alqunuwtu], means walaA nakofuru niEomataka [And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a Haqiyqap Eurofiy~ap, or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] ― -b3- And hence, kafara, inf. n. kuforaAnN, is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. f, p. 2322 a.] You say kafara biAlS~aAniEi He denied the Creator. (Msb.) ― -b4- Hence also, (TA.) kafara, (S, Msb,) aor. , (Msb, TA,) inf. n. kufurN, (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and kaforN (K) and kuforaAnN (Msb, K) and kufuwrN, (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of A=mana, inf. n. A_iyomaAnN. (S, K.) You say kafara biA@ll~`hi (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God.] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El- Hajjáj, mano A^aqar~a biAlkufori faxal~i sabiylahu, meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also kuforN, below. ― -b5- [He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] ― -b6- Also, kafara bika*aA He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) ― -b7- And kafara also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to Eamila SaAliHFA. (TA.) -A2- kafara lahu, inf. n. kaforN: see 2. , inf. n. takofiyrN: see 1, first signification, in three places. -A2- Hence, kaf~ara Al*~anoba It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] tkfyr with respect to acts of disobedience is like A_iHobaATN with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] lakaf~aronaA Eanohumo say~iy^aAtihimo means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) kaf~ara A@ll~`hu Eanohu Al*~anoba signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) ― -b2- And kaf~ara Eano yamiynihi [He expiated his oath;] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed kaf~aArap [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]: (Msb, K:) takofiyrN of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) kaf~ara yamiynahu is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) -A3- kaf~arahu as syn. with A^akofarahu: see 4. -A4- kaf~ara lahu, inf. n. takofiyrN, (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an Eiloj [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a *im~iY~ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his dihoqaAn [or chief]: (TA:) and ↓ kafara, [aor. , accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. kaforN, (K,) he (a Persian, faArisiY~N, K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS faAris, without Y, which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) takofiyrN is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed rukuwEN; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the Eiloj does to the dihoqaAn: (S:) and the tkfyr of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the tasoliym with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and tkfyr in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed rukuwEN; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., A_i*aA A^aSobaHa A@bonu A=dama faA_in~a AlA^aEoDaA='a tukaf~iru kul~uhaA lil~isaAni When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) ― -b2- takofiyrN also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him (A_i*aA ruy^iYa kuf~ira lahu). (K.) ― -b3- See also takofiyrN below. He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, A_i*aA A^aqar~a Einoda AlqaADiY bi$aYo'K vum~a kaAfara [When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: kaAfara being thus used in the sense of kafara]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], rjulN lahu EalaY A=xara dayonN fakaAfarahu bihi siniyna [A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of AlmumaATalap, and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as AlmmATlp is trans. (Mgh.) , (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ kf~rhu, (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a kaAfir [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him kafarota [Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ” kf~rhu, to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, laA tukofiro A^aHadFA mino A^aholi qibolatika Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) laA tukaf~iruwA A^ahola qibolatikumo is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) ― -b2- [Also] A^akofarotuhu, inf. n. A_ikofaArN, I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And A^akofara fulaAnN SaAHibahu Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And A^akofara Alr~ajulu muTiyEahu The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) -A2- Akfr He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the kafor, (K,) i. e. qaroyap [town or village]; (TA;) as also ↓ Aktfr. (IAar, K.) He covered himself with the arms. And tkf~r biAlv~awobi He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.) see 4, last signification. The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, ↓ kiforN. (S, K.) [See also kaAfirN.] See a verse cited voce *ukaA='u. -A2- Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) -A3- [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. kufuwrN. (S.) Whence the saying, A^all~hum~a A@gofiro liA^aholi Alkufuwri [O God, pardon the people of the graves]. (S.) -A4- [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. qaroyapN: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. kufuwrN: (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small qaroyap [or village] by the side of a great qaroyap [or town]: they say Alqaroyapu AlfulaAniy~apu wakaforuhaA [Such a town and its village]: and sometimes one qaroyap has a number of kufuwr. (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, A^aholu Alkufuwri humo A^aholu Alqubuwri [The people of the villages are the people of the graves]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by Alkfwr he meant the villages (AlquraY) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), layuxorijan~akumu A@lr~uwmu minohaA kaforFA kaforFA [The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the furFY of Syria. (S, TA.) ― -b2- kaforN EalaY kaforK also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.) : see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. ― -b2- And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity.] It is of four kinds: kuforu A_inokaArK the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and kuforu juHuwdK the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him:] and kuforu AlmuEaAnadapi the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]: and kuforu Aln~ifaAqi the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest kufor is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be kufuwrN.]. Akh says, that kufuwrFA [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of kuforN, like as buruwdN is pl. of burodN. (S.) -A2- Tar, or pitch, syn. qiyrN; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, kuforN and qiyrN and ziftN: kfr is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] zft is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.) : see kaforN. : see kaAfuwrN. : see kaAfirN. , and its variations: see kaAfuwrN. : see kAfr. : see kAfr. a subst. from takofiyru Alyamiyni, (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the kf~Arp of oaths [violated], and that of [the kind of divorce termed] ZihaAr, and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation (maA kuf~ira bihi), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. kaf~aAraAtN. (T, TA.) A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. kuf~aArN. (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) ― -b2- Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) ― -b3- Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) ― -b4- The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also ↓ kaforapN, accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, kaforN, q. v. (TA.) ― -b5- The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn- So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) fata*ak~araA vaqalFA raviydFA baEodamaA A^aloqato *ukaA='u yamiynahaA fiY kaAfiri [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by kAfr] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is ta*ak~arato; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) ― -b6- Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) ― -b7- [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce Earo$N.] ― -b8- [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also ↓ mukaf~irN (A, K) and ↓ mutakaf~irN (S, A) and ↓ mukaf~arN: (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, kuf~aArN. (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) laA tarojiEuwA biEodiY kuf~aArFA yaDoribu baEoDukumo riqaAba baEoDK (K) [Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [one party of you smiting the necks of others;] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) ― -b9- A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) ― -b10- One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) ― -b11- kaAfiru Ald~uruwEi A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) -A2- One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God:] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [of God], and the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of muw^ominN: (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure faAEilN in the sense of the measure mafoEuwlN: (IDrd, TA:) or because kufor covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with p: (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc. kafarapN, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of kAfr in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and kuf~aArN, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of mw^mn, (El-Basáïr,) and kifaArN (S, K) and kaAfiruwna: (Msb:) and pl. fem. kawaAfiru (S, Msb, K) and kaAfiraAtN: (Msb:) and ↓ rajulN kaf~aArN, and ↓ kafuwrN signify the same as kaAfirN: (K:) or kafuwrN is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and kaf~aArN has a more intensive signification than kafuwrN, [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur A 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of kafuwrN; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) ↓ kafuwrN is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is kufurN, (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed bybi before the thing denied: pl. kaAfiruwna: (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) ― -b3- [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer.] -A3- See also kaAfuwrN. The spathe, or envelope of the TaloE [or spadix], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the kim~ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also ↓ kufar~aY, (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the k and fet-h to the f and teshdeed to the r, (Mgh, Msb,) or kufur~aY, [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and kafar~aY and kifir~aY, (K, * TA,) and ↓ kaAfirN (AHn, K) and ↓ kafarN: (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the TaloE [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the kim~ (or spathe) before it bursts open]: (S:) [↓ kfr~Y is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say. h`*ihi kfr~Y and h`*aA kf~rY: (TA:) the pl. of kaAfuwrN is kawaAfiyru; and the pl. of kaAfirN is kawaAfiru. (TA.) ― -b2- Also (tropical:) The zamaE of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the kAfwr of the TlE; (TA;) the kim~ [or calyx] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also ↓ kufar~aY: (Msb:) pl. kawaAfiyru and kawaAfiru, accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of kAfwr, and the latter of kAfr. (TA.) ― -b3- And, accord. to some, (assumed tropical:) The envelope [or calyx] of any plant. (TA.) -A2- [Camphor;] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the kAfwr is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by taSoEiyd [or sublimation]. (K.) -A3- Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe (kAfwr) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) -A4- A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] A_in~a A@loA^aboraAra ya$orabuwna mino kaA^osK kaAna mizaAjuhaA kaAfuwrFA [Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like kAfwr [or camphor]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and kAfwr is in it, or that it is mixed with kAfwr. (TA.) -A5- A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ” ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the A^uqoHuwaAn [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) -A6- IDrd says, I do not think the kAfwr is Arabic, because they sometimes say qafuwrN and qaAfuwrN. (TA.) [More, or most, ungrateful or unthank- ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving]. (TA.) , as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.) A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also kaAfirN: and see makofuwrN. -A2- One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.) : see kaAfirN. Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also mukaf~arN. : see kaAfirN. kfl kfn kfY See Supplement kkb i. q. najomN, A star; an asterism; a constellation: as also ↓ kawokabapN: (S, K:) or Alkwkbp is an appellation given to the planet Venus; and for the rest of the stars, the masc. word kwkb is used: (Az:) but Venus is called also Alkwkb. (MF.) [Pl. kawaAkibu.] ― -b2- Accord. to Lth, kwkb is a quadriliteral-radical word; the w being a radical letter: it is also said to be from wkb, or from kwb; though k is not one of the letters of augmentation; so that here it must be augmentative contrary to rule. (TA.) [But I rather think that it is an arabicized word, from the Hebrew כוֹכָב; and that ignorance of its being so has caused the Arabs to dispute respecting its formation.] ― -b3- *ahabuwA taHota kul~i kawokabK They became dispersed [as though under every tract of heaven]. (AO, S, K.) ― -b4- kawokabN (assumed tropical:) Drops [of dew] that fall upon herbage in the night, (K,) and become like stars. (TA.) ― -b5- The source, or spring, of a well. (K.) ― -b6- Water. (El-Muärrij, K.) ― -b7- (assumed tropical:) The lustre, or brightness, or glistening, of iron. (S, K.) ― -b8- (assumed tropical:) A sword. (K.) ― -b9- A nail: (K:) [or more probably, (assumed tropical:) its head, as in Golius] ― -b10- kawokabN (AZ, K) and ↓ kawokabapN (TA) (assumed tropical:) A whiteness in the eye: (K:) a whiteness in the black part of the eye, whether the sight be gone in consequence thereof, or not. (AZ.) ― -b11- kawokabN A tract, such as is termed xiT~ap, differing in colour from the land in which it lies. (K.) ― -b12- (assumed tropical:) A youth nearly of the age of puberty: (K:) a youth who has attained the period of adolescence, and whose face has become beautiful, is called kawokabN mumotaliy^N (a full star), like as he is called badorN. (TA.) [See $aAdixN, and muTab~ixu.] ― -b13- (assumed tropical:) The chief, lord, or prince, and horseman, or cavalier, of a people. (K.) ― -b14- (assumed tropical:) A man with his arms; an armed man. (K.) ― -b15- (assumed tropical:) What is tall of plants. (K.) ― -b16- A mountain: (K [but Freytag mentions, that in some copies, for jabalN, is read xayolN, horses and horsemen, or a troop of horse:]) or the main part thereof. (TA.) ― -b17- The greater part, chief part, main, gross, mass, or bulk, of a thing: (S, K:) as of herbage, water, an army. (TA.) ― -b18- (tropical:) The flower, or flowers, of a garden, or meadow. (TS, K.) ― -b19- The fuTor [toadstool, or mushroom], a well-known plant: (AHn, K:) I do not mention it, says AHn, from a learned man: but kwkb is [explained by lexicologists only as] the name of a well-known plant, called kwkbu AlA^aroDi: (L:) perhaps a species of the fuTor. (El-Mak- disee, cited by MF.) -A2- Vehemence of heat: (K:) the greater part of the heat. (TA.) ― -b2- The medicament called Taloq, q. v., [which defends the person who is anointed therewith from the burning of fire]. (K: explained by the words AlT~aloqu mina AlA^adowiyapi: in some copies of the K, mn AlA^awodiyapi. [This is wrong: kawokabu AlA^aroDi means Talc: see TalaqN.]) -A3- yawomN *uw kawaAkiba A day of difficulties, distresses, or calamities. (K.) -A4- kawokabN A place of con- finement. (K.) see kawokabN. -A2- An assembly; a company; a congregated body. (K.) Said by some to be figurative in this sense. [They uttered an imprecation like that of Kowkebeeyeh]: a proverb. Alkawokabiy~apu was a town the people of which were oppressed by its governor, wherefore they uttered an imprecation against him, and he died immediately after it. (K.) (assumed tropical:) A hard tract with glistening pebbles: also called DuHFY mukawokibN. (TA.) kl See Supplement klA^ , (S, K,) aor. , inf. n. kalo'N (K) and kilaA='apN (S, K) and kilaA='N (K) [but respecting this last see a verse of Jemeel cited below], He (i. e. God, S) guarded him, or kept him, or kept him safely. (S, K.) ― -b2- A_i*ohabuwA fiY kilaA='api All~`hi Go ye in the safe keeping of God. (S, TA.) ― -b3- In the following verse of Jemeel, fakuwniY bixayorK fiY kilaA='i wagiboTapK waA_ino kunoti qado A^azomaEoti SaromiY wabigoDatiY [Then be thou in prosperity, in safe keeping (of God), and in happy condition, even if thou have firmly resolved to cut me and to detest me], kilaA='N may be an inf. n.; or it may be pl. of kilaA^'apN; or it may be put for kilaA='apN, the p being elided by a necessary poetical licence. (Abu-l- Hasan.) ― -b4- The verb is also used without hemzeh, thus; kalaAtu, yakoluwkumo; and kalayotu, yakolaAkumo; in the dial. of Kureysh; inf. n. kilaAyapN: as the pass. part. n. of both, makoluw~N is more commonly used than makoliY~N, which is correctly used as the pass. part. n. of kalayotu. (TA.) ― -b5- kalaA^a Alqawoma (assumed tropical:) He acted as a scout (rabiyoy^ap) for the party, or people. (TA.) ― -b6- kalaA^a baSarahu fiY $aYo'K, (K, TA, [in the CK naZarahu,]) or ↓ A^akolaA^ahu, (S,) He repeatedly turned his eye to a thing; looked at it again and again. (S, K.) ― -b7- kalaA^a Aln~ajoma (tropical:) He watched the star, to see when it would rise. (A.) -A2- kalaA^a Ald~ayonu, (S, K,) or kaluw^a, inf. n. kuluw'N, act. part. n. kaAliy^N, (A,) The debt, or its payment, was put off, or postponed, or delayed. (S, A, K.) ― -b2- kalaA^a Eumoruhu (tropical:) His life came to an end: (K:) or was long, and was delayed. (A.) ― -b3- kalaA^a [unless this be a mistake for ↓ kl~A^] He postponed, or delayed, a thing. (TA, art. nasaA^a.) -A3- kalaA^a, (K,) inf. n. kalo'N, (As,) He beat with a whip. (As, K.) -A4- kalaA^ati Aln~aAqapu, (S, K,) and ↓ AklA^t, (S,) The she-camel ate kalaA^, or herbage. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) -A5- kalaA^ati AlA^aroDu, (K,) and kaliy^at, and ↓ AklA^t, (S, K,) inf. n. A_kolaA='N, (TA,) and ↓ AstklA^t, (K,) The land contained, (S,) or abounded with, (K,) kalaA^, or herbage. (S, K.) , inf. n. takoliYo'N and takoliy^apN, He brought a ship near to the bank of the river, (K,) and moored it. (TA.) ― -b2- kl~A^ (assumed tropical:) He retained, detained, or confined, a person: (K:) app. from the verb as used with reference to a ship; and therefore tropical. (TA.) ― -b3- kl~A^, (K,) inf. n. takoliYo'N, (TA,) He came to a place, and stopped there. (TA.) ― -b4- kl~A^, inf. n. takoliy^apN, He came to a place sheltered from the wind. (S) ― -b5- kl~A^ He came to a person (K) on an affair. (TA.) -A2- kl~A^ fiY A^amorK (tropical:) He looked into, or considered attentively, a thing. (K.) See 4. ― -b2- kl~A^fiyhi (tropical:) He regarded him attentively, and was pleased with him. (TA.) -A3- kl~A^ fiY AlT~aEaAmi wagayorihi, inf. n. takoliYo'N; (S, * TA;) and ↓ AklA^, (S, K,) inf. n. A_ikolaA='N; (S;) He paid in advance (A^asolama, K, and A^asolafa, S, K) for corn or other food, &c. (S, K, TA.) [Here the original signification of postponement or delay is involved: for he who pays in advance for a thing grants a delay in the delivery thereof.] IAar cites the following verse: famano yuHosino A_ilayohimo laA yukal~iay^o A_ilaY jaAzK bi*aAka walaA kariymi [So that he who does a good action to them does not pay in advance to one who will recompence for that (action), nor to him who is generous]. (TA.) See 1 and 5. , inf. n. mukaAlaA^apN, and kilaA^'N, He watched, or observed. (TA.) See 1 in three places. -A2- AklA^t Eayonuhu (tropical:) His eye was sleepless, or wakeful. (A.) ― -b2- AklA^ Eayonahu, and ↓ kl~A^, (tropical:) He made his eye sleepless, or wakeful. (A.) -A3- AklA^ Eumurahu (tropical:) He brought his life to its close. (K.) See 1. ; and ↓ kl~A^, inf. n. takoliYo'N; He bought on credit. [This is the explanation given in the TK, and it appears to be correct. It is also there said, that takal~aA^otuhu signifies A^axa*otuhu nasoyoy^apF, I took it, or bought it, on credit: and kal~aA^otu fiY AlT~aEaAmi, Ax*th bAln~syy^pi, I took, or bought, the food on credit, but the latter I render differently. (See 2, above.) In the K we read AlkaAliy^u wAlkuloA^apu biAlD~am~i Aln~asiyoy^apu wAlEurobuwnu wtakal~aA^otu wkal~aA^otu takoliyoy^FA A^xa*otuhu. IbrD thinks that the last word should be A^x~arotu “ I postponed, or delayed ”: but I rather think that it should be A^axa*otuhaA, meaning A^axa*otu nasiyoy^apF I took, or bought, on credit. in the TA we read, AO says, takal~aA^otu kuloA^apF wkal~aA^otu takoliyoy^FA A_isotanosaA^otu nasiyoy^apa A^aYo A^axa*otuhu waAln~asiyoy^apu Alt~aA^oxiyru waka*`lika A_isotakolaA^otu kuloA^apF: but the words AY Ax*th seem to have been added by SM; for in the S we find, on the authority of AO, takal~aA^otu A^aYo A@sosanosaA^otu nasiyoy^apF waka*`lika A@sotakolaA^otu kuloA^apF biAlD~am~i wahuwa mina Alt~aA^oxiyri: whence it seems, that tkl~A^, (or tkl~A^ kuloA^apF, and kuloA^apF ↓ kl~A^, see above,) and kulA^apF ↓ AlstklA^, signify He asked for a delay of the period of the payment of a debt.] See 8. (assumed tropical:) He preserved, or guarded, himself from him or it; had a care of, or was cautious of, him or it. (S, K. *) ― -b2- AktlA^t EayonY (assumed tropical:) My eye was wakeful, vigilant, or cautious. (S.) -A2- AktlA^ kuloA^apF, and ↓ tkl~A^hA, He received a kuloA^ap [i. e., an earnest, or money paid in advance]. (K.) see 1 and 5. Fresh herbage; syn. Eu$obN: (S, K:) applied to the Eurowap, nSiY~, and Sil~iyaAn: (Az:) or pasture, or what cattle &c. feed upon: (TA:) or herbage. whether fresh or dry either fresh pasture or fodder: (S, K:) or it comprises the Sil~ayaAn naSiY~, Halamap, $iyH, Earofaj, the various kinds of Eurowap, and what are termed Eu$ob, baqol, and the like: or it is applied to the herbs called bql, and to trees: a gen. n., having no sing.; or its sing. is kalaA='N. (TA.) : see 5 and kaAly^N. , (S, K,) and ↓ makolaA^opN, (K,) and ↓ mukoliy^apN, (S,) A land containing, (S,) or abounding with, (K,) kalaA^, or herbage. (S, K.) ― -b2- The ↓ last is also said to signify A land with the pasture of which its camels have been satiated. (TA.) ― -b3- See a trad. quoted in art. faDolN. (tropical:) A strong eye, which sleep does not overcome. (TA.) ― -b2- kaluwo'N AlEayoni (tropical:) A man, or a camel, (male or female,) having a strong eye, which sleep does not overcome: (K:) or, a sleepless, or wakeful, eye. (A.) ― -b3- maroA^apN kaluwo'u All~ayoli (tropical:) [A woman who is sleepless at night]. (TA.) See 4. and ↓ mukal~aA^N A station of ships, (S, K,) near the bank of a river, or near what is called the jud~: (TA:) the former is masc. and fem.; or, accord. to Sb, it is of the measure faE~aAlN; and therefore masc., and perfectly declinable: (S:) so called because it keeps the vessels safe (yakolaw^uhaA) from the wind: but accord. to Th, it is of the measure faEolaA='u; and therefore fem., [and imperfectly declinable; from kal~a;] so called because the wind there becomes slackened: or a place where ships are moored, near the bank of a river: (TA:) or a place sheltered from the wind. (S.) ― -b2- Also, The bank of a river. (S, K.) ― -b3- Dual of kl~A', kal~aA A=ni and kal~aAwaAni: pl. kal~aA^uwwna. (TA.) ― -b4- mano Ear~aDa Ear~aDonaA lahu wamano ma$aY EalaY Alkal~aA='i A^aloqayonaAhu fiY Aln~ahori, (TA,) or qa*afonaAhu fiY Aln~ahori, (K in art. ErD,) or fY AlmaA='i, (TA in that art.) (tropical:) Him who indirectly calumniates we will treat in a similar manner; (meaning, we will inflict upon him a chastisement less than that termed AlHad~;) and him who walks upon the bank of the river (i. e., who openly calumniates, and so, as it were, embarks on the river of the Huduwd, [pl. of Had~N,]) we will cast into that river; meaning, we will inflict upon him the chastisement termed AlHad~. (TA; and K * in art. ErD.) (S, K) and ↓ kuloA^apN (K) i. q. nasiyoy^apN, [app. bearing both of the two significations immediately following, and clearly shown in the S &c. to bear the latter of them: A postponement, or delay, in the time of the payment of a debt, &c. See also nusoA^apN, and kalaA^a. ― -b2- Also, both words, like nasiyoy^apN, A debt of which the payment is deferred by a creditor to a future period.] (S, K.) ― -b3- Ex., nahaY Eani AlkaAliy^i biAlkaAliy^, i. e., Aln~asiyoy^ap bAln~asiyoy^ap, He (Mohammad) forbade [exchanging] a debt to be paid at a future time for a similar debt. (S, TA.) [See the Jámi' es-Sagheer, and Mishkát el-Masábeeh, ii., 21.] What is forbidden by this is, a man's buying a thing on credit for a certain period, and, when the period of payment is come, and he finds not that wherewith to pay the debt, his saying, Sell it to me on credit for a further period, for something additional: whereupon he [thus] sells it to him: (TK:) or, a man's paying money for, wheat, or the like, to be given at a certain period, and, when the period comes, the debtor's saying, I have not wheat; etc.; but sell thou it to me on credit for a certain period. (AObeyd, Msb.) See A^ajalN.] kaAlK is also used for kaAliy^N. (S.) [See an ex. voce naAjizN.] The pl. of the latter is kwaAliy^u. (TA.) ― -b4- Also ↓ kuluA^apN, Money paid at a period after the purchase, for food. (S.) ― -b5- Also kaAliy^N and ↓ kuloA^apN, An earnest, or money paid in advance. (K.) (tropical:) Longer, or longest; more, or most, protracted. (TA.) ― -b2- balaga All~`hu bika A^akolaA^a AlEumuri (S, A) i. e. (tropical:) [May God cause thee to reach, or attain,] the extreme, or most distant, period of life! (S, TA.) and mukoliy^apN: see kaliy^apN. (tropical:) The eye is constantly fixed upon her: [or has in her an object that is watched (by it):] as though watching her because pleased with her. (A.) : see kalA~a'N. klb , aor. , inf. n. kalabN, He (a dog) was seized with madness, in consequence of eating human flesh. (K.) See also kalabN and kalibN. ― -b2- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, He (a man) was seized with madness like that of dogs, in consequence of his having been bitten by a [mad] dog; [was seized with hydrophobia]. (K.) So also a camel. (S, K.) See also kalabN and kalibN. ― -b3- kuliba, like EaniYa, [i. e., pass. in form, but neut. in signification,] He lost his reason by the kind of madness termed kalab. (K.) See kalaAbN. ― -b4- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, (assumed tropical:) He was angry (K) Ealayohi with him; and thus resembled one afflicted with the disease called kalab. (TA.) ― -b5- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, (assumed tropical:) He was light-witted; weak and stupid, or foolish; ignorant; deficient in intellect: syn. safiha: (K:) and thus resembled one afflicted with the disease called kalab. (TA.) ― -b6- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, (assumed tropical:) He thirsted. (K.) From kaliba signifying “ he was seized with the disease of dogs, and died of thirst: ” for the person afflicted with this disease thirsts, and when he sees water, is frightened at it. (TA.) ― -b7- kaliba EalaY $aYo'K, (TA,) inf. n. kalabN, (tropical:) He was eager for, or desired with avidity, a thing. (K, TA.) ― -b8- In like manner, Aln~aAsu EalaY AlA^amori ↓ takaAlaba (tropical:) The people were eager for the thing, as though they were dogs. ― -b9- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, (tropical:) He ate voraciously, without becoming satiated. (K.) ― -b10- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, He (a person bitten by a mad dog) cried out, [or barked]. (K.) ― -b11- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN; (so accord. to the TA; but accord. to some copies of the K, kalaba;) and ↓ Astklb; He (a dog) had the habit of eating men. (TA.) ― -b12- kalaba, aor ; (K: but in some copies, kaliba, aor. ; [which is evidently the right reading;]) and ↓ Astklb; He (a man in a desert place, TA,) barked, in order that dogs might hear him and bark, and that one might be guided thereby to him [to receive or direct him]. (K.) ― -b13- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN and makolabapN, (assumed tropical:) He performed the office of a pimp. (As, IAar, K.) [This office seems to be thus compared with that which a dog performs, in inviting travellers, by his bark, to enjoy his master's hospitality.] ― -b14- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, (assumed tropical:) It (a tree), not having sufficient watering, had rough leaves, without losing their moisture, so that they caught to the garments of those who passed by, thus annoying them like a dog. (ADk, K. *) ― -b15- kaliba (assumed tropical:) It (a tree) became stripped of its leaves, and rugged, or scabrous, so that it caught to men's garments, and annoyed the persons passing by, like a dog. (TA.) -A2- kalaba AlmazAdapN, aor. , (inf. n. kalobN, TA,) He inserted a strap, thong, or strip of leather, (kalob,) between the two edges of the mzAdp, in sewing them: (S:) or Alkalobu is the action of a woman who sews a skin, when, finding the thong too short, she inserts into the hole a double thong, and puts through it [i. e. through the loop thus formed] the end of the deficient thong, and then makes it to come out [on the other side of the skin, by pulling the loop through]. (IDrd.) See kulobapN. ― -b2- kalabati Als~ayori aor. , inf. n. kalobN, She (a female sewer of skins or the like), finding the thong [with which she was sewing] too short, doubled a thong, through which she put the end of the deficient thong [in order to draw it through]: (TA:) or kalaba Als~ayora, aor. and inf. n. as above, signifies he sewed the thong, or strip of leather, between two other thongs, or strips. (IAar.) -A3- kaliba Ealayohi Alqid~u (tropical:) The strap or thong of untanned hide pressed painfully upon him, by his being exposed with it to the sun or air, and its drying. (TA.) kaliba Ealayohi Ald~ahoru, inf. n. kalabN, (tropical:) Fortune pressed severely upon him. (TA, from a trad.) See also kaliybN, and 6. ― -b2- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, (tropical:) It (winter, S, K, cold, &c., S,) became severe, or intense: (S, K:) he (an enemy) pressed hard, or vehemently, upon him. (TA.) -A4- kaliba, inf. n. kalabN, It (a rope) fell between the cheek and wheel of the pulley. (K.) -A5- kalabahu, aor. , He struck him with a kul~aAb, or spur. (S, K.) , inf. n. takoliybN, He trained a dog to hunt: and sometimes, he trained a fahod, or a bird of prey, to take game. (L.) See the act. part. n. , inf. n. mukaAlabapN (S, K, TA) and kilaAbN, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He acted in an evil manner, or injuriously, towards him; or contended against him: (S, K:) he straitened, or distressed, him, (K,) as dogs do, one to another, when set upon each other: (TA:) he acted with open enmity, or hostility, to him: (Msb:) and ↓ takaAlubN (inf. n. of 6) is syn. with mukaAlabapN. (S.) -A2- kaAlabati AlA_ibilu, (inf. n. mukaAlabapN, TA,) The camels fed upon kalaAliyb, i. e., the thorns of trees. (K.) ― -b2- Also sometimes signifying The camels pastured upon dry, or tough, H$ [app. a mistake for xa$~ “ what is very rough ”]. (TA.) His camels became affected with the disease called kalabN; (S, K;) i. e., with a madness like that which arises from the dog. (TA.) See 3 and 1. ― -b2- humo yatakaAlabuwna EalaY ka*aA They leap, or rush, together upon such a thing [in an evil, or injurious, or contentious, manner]. (S.) Alt~akaAlubu is syn. with Alt~awaAvubu: (S, K:) [and so also, accord. to the CK, is Alt~akolAabu, which I suppose to be an intensive inf. n. of kaliba]. He made use of a kulobap, i. e., a thong of leather, &c. in sewing a skin &c. [See kulobap.] (Lh.) see 1 -A2- and see 10 in art. sEl. a word of well-known signification, [The dog:] (S:) or any wounding animal of prey: (L, K, &c.:) but whether birds [of prey] are comprised in this term is a point that requires consideration: (Esh-Shiháb El-Khafájee:) and especially applied to the barking animal [or dog]: (K:) or rather, this is its proper signification; and it admits no other: (MF:) sometimes used as an epithet; as in the ex. A_imoraA^apN kalobapN [A woman like a bitch; a woman who is a bitch]: (S:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akolubN and (of mult., TA,) kilaAbN (S, K) and kaliybN, which is a rare [form of] pl., like EabiydN, pl. of EabodN, [or rather a quasi-pl. n.,] (S,) and (pl. of A^akolubN, S,) A^akaAlibu (S, K) and (pl. of kilaAbN, TA,) kilaAbaAtN (K) and (also pl. of kilaAbN) A^akaAliybu: (Msb:) kilaAbN is also used as a pl. of pauc.; valaAvapu kilaAbK being said for vlAvpN mina AlkilaAbi; or klAb being used in this case for A^akolubK: (Sb:) kaliybN and ↓ kaAlibN signify a pack, or collected number, of dogs: (K:) [both are quasi-pl. ns. in my opinion, though the former is called a pl. in the S:] accord. to some, the former, if masc., is a quasipl. n. ; and if fem., a pl.: (MF:) the latter is like jaAmilN and baAqirN [which are both quasi-pl. ns.]. (L.) The pl. of kalobapN [the fem.] is kilaAbN and kalabaAtN. (Msb.) ― -b2- fulaAnN biwaAdiY Alkalobi (tropical:) [Such a one is in the valley of the dog:] said of one whom no one cares for, and who has no place of abode or resort, but is like a dog, which one sees ever going forth into the desert. ― -b3- kaf~a Eanohu kilaAbahu (tropical:) He left reviling him, and injuring or annoying him: [lit., restrained from him his dogs]. (A.) See also kalabN. ― -b4- AlkilaAbu ElY Albaqar i, (S, K,) the first word being in the nom. case as an inchoative, (TA,) and AlkilaAba, (S, K,) put in the acc. case as governed by a verb understood, (TA,) or AlkiraAbu and AlkiraAba; (Kh, S, art. krb, K;) of which readings, that of AlklAb is the one generally adopted; (TA;) or they are two distinct proverbs, each having its proper meaning; (Meyd;) the former signifying, [if we read AlkilaAba,] Send the dogs against the wild oxen: i. e., leave a man and his art: (S, K:) [but accord. to MF, this is the meaning if we read krAb; but if we read klAb, the signification is, as explained above, “ Send the dogs &c., ” and the proverb is applied on the occasion of instigating one set of people against another set, without caring for what may happen to them:] or it alludes to a man's having little care or solicitude for the state, or case, or affair, of his companion. (A 'Obeyd.) If we read AlklAbu, the meaning is The dogs are upon, or against, the wild oxen: and in like manner, if we read AlkrAbu, the meaning is “ The turning over of the soil is the work of the oxen: ” if AlkrAba, “ Leave the turning over of the soil to the oxen. ” (MF, from expositions of the Fs.) ― -b5- [kalobN kalibN seems also to signify A fierce, or furious, dog. See EaqanobaApN.] ― -b6- kalobu Albar~i The dog of the desert; i. e. the wolf. (K, voce *iy^ob.) ― -b7- kalobN is also especially applied to A lion. (K, TA.) ― -b8- The first increase of water in a valley. (Nh, K.) ― -b9- A piece of iron at the head of the pivot, or axis, of a mill. (K.) ― -b10- A piece of wood by which a wall is propped, or supported. (K.) ― -b11- A certain fish (K) in the form of a dog. (TA.) [kalobu AlbaHori and Alkalobu AlbaHoriY~u are appellations now applied to The shark.] -A2- kalobN A strap, or thong, cut from an untanned skin, and ↓ mukal~abN is A man bound with a kalob, i. e., with a strap, or thong, cut from an untanned skin. (TA.) -A3- The extremity of a hill of the kind called A^akamap. (K.) -A4- kalobN (and ↓ kul~aAbN, TA,) The nail that is in the hilt of a sword, (S, K,) in which is [fixed] the *uw^aAbap [or cord or other ligature by which the hilt is occasionally attached to the guard]: (S:) or a nail in the hilt of a sword, with which is another [nail] called AlEajuwzu: (L:) and (so accord. to the K: but accord. to the TA, the [cord or ligature, itself, which is called the] *w^Abp, of a sword. (K.) -A5- kalobN A strap, thong, or strip of leather, (or a red A^aHomar [probably a mistake for A=xar, another] strap, &c., K,) which is put between the two edges of a skin (S, K) when it is sewed. (S.) -A6- kalobu Alfarasi The line, or streak, that is in the middle of the horse's back. (S, K.) ― -b2- A_isotawaY EalaY kalobi farasihi He sat firmly upon the line, or streak, in the middle of his horse's back. (S.) ― -b3- kalobN (S, K) and ↓ kal~aAbN (K) An iron at the edge of a camel's saddle of the kind called raHol: (K:) a bent, or crooked, or hooked, iron, by which the traveller hangs, from the saddle (rHl), his travelling-provisions (S,) and his A^adaAwiY. (TA.) See also fahodN. ― -b4- kalobN Anything with which a thing is made firm, or fast, or is bound: syn. kul~umaA wuv~iqa bihi $aYo'N, (as in some copies of the K,) or A^uwviqa (as in others): so called because it holds fast a thing like a dog. (TA.) ― -b5- kalobN i. q. $aEiyrapN [app. meaning the $Eyrp of the handle of a knife &c.]. (S.) ― -b6- lisaAnu Alkalobi A certain plant; (K;) [cynoglossum, or dog's tongue]. ― -b7- kaf~u Alkalobi A certain spreading herb, (K,) which grows in the plain low tracts of Nejd; thus called when it has dried, in which case it is likened to the paw of a dog; but while it continues green, it is called kft. (TA.) ― -b8- A^um~u kalobK A certain small thorny tree, (K,) which grows in rugged ground, and upon the mountains, having yellow leaves, and rough; when it is put in motion, it diffuses a most fetid and foul smell: so called because of its thorns, or because it stinks like a dog when rain falls upon him. (TA.) -A7- A^um~u kalobapa Fever. (K.) So called because it keeps to a man with much tenacity, like a dog. (TA.) ― -b2- laqiytu minohu A@sota Alkalobapi, a prov.: see AisotN in art. sth. -A8- Alkalobu AlA^akobaru The constellation of Canis Major: and its principal star, Sirius. (El-Kazweenee &c.) ― -b2- Alkalobu AlA^aSogaru, also called Alklb Almutaqad~imu, The constellation of Canis Minor: and its principal star, Procyon. (El-Kazweenee &c.) ― -b3- Alkalobu [or kalobu Alr~aAEiY] A certain star, over against Ald~alowu (q. v.), [which is] below; in the path of which is a red star, called Alr~aAEiY: (TA:) klb AlrAEY is a name given to a star between the feet, or legs, of Cepheus; and AlrEY, to that which is upon his left foot, or leg; (El-Kazweenee;) [app., from their longitudes, the same two stars to which the above quotation from the TA relates: but the same two names are also given to two other stars.] ― -b4- klb AlrEY is [likewise] a name given to The star which is on, or in, the head of Hercules; [for AlHAwY, an evident mistake in my MS. of El-Kazweenee, I read AljaAviY;] that in the head of Ophiuchus (AlHaw~aA'u) being called AlrAEY. (El-Kazweenee.) ― -b5- [AlkalobaAni, accord. to Freytag, A name of the two stars υ and κ which belong to Taurus: but accord. to my MS. of El-Kazweenee, the two stars that are near together on the ears of Taurus are called AlkuloyataAni.] ― -b6- kilaAbu Al$~itaA'i The stars, or asterisms, of the beginning of winter; namely, Al*~iraAEu and Alm~avorapu and AlT~arofu and Aljabohapu [the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th, of the Mansions of the Moon: so called because they set aurorally in the winter: the first so set, about the period of the commencement of the era of the Flight, in central Arabia, on the 3rd of January: see manaAzilu Alqamari, in art. nzl]. (TA.) (S, K) and ↓ kulaAbN (Lth) Madness which affects a dog in consequence of eating human flesh. (K.) ― -b2- Also, Madness like that of dogs, which affects a man in consequence of his having been bitten by a [mad] dog: (K:) [a disorder] resembling madness, or diobolical possession: (S:) a disease that befalls a man from the bite of a mad dog, occasioning what resembles madness, or diabolical possession, so that whomsoever he bites, that person also becomes in like manner affected, abstaining from drinking water until he dies of thirst: the Arabs concur in the assertion that its cure is a drop of the blood of a king, mixed with water, and given to the patient to drink. (TA.) Accord. to El-Mufaddal, it originates from a disease which befalls the standing corn &c., and which is not removed until the sun rises upon it: if cattle eat of it before that, they die: wherefore Mohammad forbade pasturing by night: but sometimes a camel runs away, and eats of such pasture before sunrise, and dies in consequence: then a dog comes, and eats of its flesh, and becomes mad; and if it bite a man, he also becomes mad, and when he hears the barking of a dog, answers it [by barking]. (TA.) ― -b3- dimaA'u Almuluwki A^a$ofaY mina Alkalabi [The blood of kings has cured of canine madness]: or, accord. to another reading, dimaA'u Almuluwki $ifaA'u Alkalabi [The blood of kings is the cure for canine madness]. A proverb, explained by what is quoted from Lh, voce kalibN. But some reject this explanation, and assert the meaning to be, that, when a man is enraged [by desire of obtaining revenge], and takes his blood revenge, the blood is the cure of his rage, though not really drunk. (TA.) See also kalibN and kaliba. ― -b4- [Also kalabN A madness like that of the dog, affecting camels. (See 4.)] ― -b5- kalabN and ↓ kulobapN (tropical:) Vehemence; severity; pressure; affliction: (K, TA:) severity, or intenseness of cold &c.; like julobapu: (S:) severity and sharpness of winter: (K, for the former word; and TA, for the latter) also the latter, accord. to the TA, [and the former also, as appears from its verb,] severity, or pressure, of him or fortune, and of everything: (TA:) and the latter, straitness, or difficulty, (K,) of life: (TA:) and drought: (K:) or distress arising from drought or from government &c. (AHn.) ― -b6- dafaEotu Eanoka kalaba fulaAnK (tropical:) I have averted from thee the evil, or mischief, and injurious conduct, of such a one. (S.) See also kalobN. A dog or man affected with the disease called kalabN: (S, TA:) ― -b2- A dog accustomed to eating human flesh, and in consequence seized with what resembles madness, or diabolical possession, so that when it wounds a man, he also becomes in like manner affected (Lth. S) by the disease called kulaAbN, barking like a dog, reading his clothes upon himself. wounding others, and at last dying of thirst, refusing to drink. (Lth.) ― -b3- A man thus affected is termed kalibN and ↓ kaliybN: pl. of the former kalibuwna, and of the latter (or of the former accord. to the S) kalobaY. (TA.) When a man thus affected bites another, they come to a man of noble rank, and he drops for them some blood from his finger, which they give to drink to the patient, and he becomes cured. (Lh.) See also kalabN and kaliba. ― -b4- kalibN A dog habituated to eating men. (TA.) ― -b5- (tropical:) An importunate beggar. (A.) ― -b6- dahorN kalibN (tropical:) Fortune that presses severely and injuriously upon its subjects. (TA.) ― -b7- kalibN A tree of which the leaves are rough, in consequence of its not having sufficient watering, without losing their moisture, so that they catch to the garments of those who pass by, thus annoying them like a dog. (ADk.) (assumed tropical:) A thorny tree, destitute of branches: (K:) so called because it catches to [the garments of] those who pass by it, like a dog: (TA:) a rugged tree, with branches standing out apart, and tough thorns. (TA.) ― -b2- A small thorny plant, of the kind called $iros, resembling the $kAEA [or $ukaAEaY, or $ukaAEap], of the description termed *ukuwr: (TA:) or a certain thorny tree, (K,) of the kind called EiDaAh, having [what is termed] jrA'; (TA;) as also ↓ kalibapN. (K.) -A2- kalobatAani The implement with which the blacksmith takes hold of hot iron; [his forceps]. (S, K.) ― -b2- HadiydapN *aAtu kalobatayoni [An iron with two curved ends, forming a forceps]. You also say HadiydataAni *awaAtaA klbtyn, and HadaAy^idu *awaAtu klbtyn. (TA.) The shop of a vintner. (AHn, K.) -A2- The hairs that grow upon each side of the fore part of the nose and mouth of a dog or cat: (Z, K:) wrongly explained as signifying the nails of a dog. (Z.) -A3- A thong, or a strand (TaAqap) of the fibres of the palm-tree (liyf), with which skins and the like are sewed: (K, TA:) [see A_iqotafaA^a:] or a thong, or [so in the O and in the TA, art. qfA^; but here, in the latter, instead of “ or, ” “ behind, ” which is evidently a mistake;] a strand (TaAqap) of the fibres of the palm-tree, used in the same manner as the shoe-maker's awl that has, at its head, a perforation vaqobN [so in the O, in the TA Hjr a strange mistranscription: what is meant is doubtless an eye, like that of a needle, and it is by means of an implement with an eye at the end that the operation here described is commonly performed in the present day:] the thong, or the thread, or string, is inserted into the klbp, which is doubled: thus it enters the place [or hole] of the sewing, and the sewer introduces his hand into the A_idaAwap [q.v., i. e., the vessel upon which he is employed in working], and stretches the thong of leather, or the thread, or string, (O, L, TA,) in the klbp. (L, TA.) [See kalaba.] (tropical:) Land which has not sufficient watering, and of which the plants, in consequence, become dry: (S:) or rugged land, and such as is termed quf~, in which there are neither trees nor herbage, and which is not a mountain. (Aboo-Kheyreh.) ― -b2- A^aroDN kalibapu Al$~ajari Land upon which the rain called Alr~abiyE does not fall: (TA:) or rugged, dry, land, upon which that rain does not fall, and which does not become soft. (ADk.) ― -b3- See kalobapN. [perhaps inf. n. of kuliba] The departure of reason by the kind of madness termed kalab. (K.) : see kalabN. : see kalobN and kalibN. ― -b2- Respecting this word in the following verse of TaäbbataSharran, A_i*aA AlHarobu A^awolatoka Alkaliyba fawal~ihaA kaliybaka waA@Eolamo A^an~ahaA sawofa tanojaliY [When war sets over thee &c.] there are two opinions: one, that by klyb is meant mukaAlib (see 2): the other, that it is an inf. n. of kalibati AlHarobu [“ The war became vehement, severe, or fierce ”]: the former is the more valid. (IM.) : see kalobN and mukal~ibN. (S, K) and ↓ kal~uwbN (K) A spur; (S, K;) the iron instrument that is in the boot of him who breaks in a horse. (S.) ― -b2- kul~aAbN and ↓ kal~uwbN (and ↓ kul~uwbN, MF, art. sbH q. v.,) [A flesh-hook;] an iron implement with which meat is taken out of the cooking-pot: pl. kalaAliybu: (S:) an iron flesh-hook, with prongs: (R, which gives this as the explanation of the latter word:) a hooked iron; like xuT~aAf: (Fr. &c.) a piece of wood at the head of which is a hook, ('Eyn,) of the same or of iron: (T:) an iron instrument for roasting flesh-meat: syn. saf~uwd. (Lh.) See kalobN. ― -b3- kalaAliybu (tropical:) The talons of a falcon: (K:) pl. of kal~uwbN. (TA.) ― -b4- (tropical:) The thorns of a tree. (K.) and kal~uwbN: see kul~aAbN. A pimp: from kaliba, q. v., (As, IAar, K) Sb, however, does not mention the measure faEotalaAnN. ISd thinks it most probable that kaliba is a triliteral-radical, and kltbAn a quadriliteralradical [or rather a quasi-quadriliteral-radical], like zarima and A_izoraA^am~ &c. (L.) See also qaroTabaAnN and qalotabaAnN, and art. kltb. : see kalobN, and mukal~ibN. A clamourous, very noisy, very garrulous, woman, of evil disposition. (TA, voce jal~aAbap.) A dog trained and accustomed to hunt. (L.) See the verb. -A2- A captive, or prisoner, (S,) having the feet shackled, or bound; (S, K;) i. q. mukab~alN, from which it is formed by transposition, (S,) accord. to some. (TA.) One who trains dogs to hunt; (S, K;) as also ↓ kal~aAbN: and sometimes signifying one who trains the fahod, and birds of prey, to take game: see Kur v. 6: one who possesses dogs trained to hunt, and hunts with them; (L;) as also ↓ kaAlibN, pl. kul~aAbN: (R:) or kaAlibN and kal~aAbN (S, L, K) signify an owner, or a possessor, of dogs; (L, K;) the former being similar to taAmirN &c. (S.) an appellation given by the people of El-Yemen to (tropical:) A deputy, or an agent; because of his acting injuriously, or contentiously, towards them over whom he is appointed as such. (TA.) klbv and kulaAbivN A hard and strong man. (IDrd, L.) ― -b2- Also, and kulobuvN and kulabivN, Niggardly, or stingy, and contracted [in disposition]. (K.) [See also kunobuvN.] klt , aor. , inf. n. kalotN, IF,) He collected it together: (IF, K:) like kaladahu. (IF.) ― -b2- kalatahu fiY AlA_inaA'i, aor. , He poured it into the vessel. (Az, K.) -A2- kalata $ayoy^FA (or kalata bihi, Sgh) He threw, or cast, a thing. (K.) -A3- kalata, [aor. ,] He urged a horse to run, by striking him with his feet; syn. rakaDa. (Aboo-Mihjen, K.) It (beverage, TA) poured out, or forth; or was, or became, poured out, or forth. (K.) -A2- He (a man, TA) shrunk; or became contracted. (K.) He drank it. (Fr, K, TA.) A lot, portion, or set portion, of food (K) &c. (TA.) ― -b2- A little; a small portion; somewhat; syn. nubo*apN; (K;) of a thing. (TA.) A horse that leaps, springs, or bounds, with his whole body and limbs. (K, TA.) (probably a mistake for kulobapN, TA,) Vehemence; severity; pressure; affliction. (TS.) i. q. jamuwEN. (TA.) and ↓ kil~iytN An oblong stone (resembling a biroTiyl, TA) with which the hole of a hyena is stopped up: (K:) so (yusad~u bihi) accord. to IDrd.: or, as in some copies yusobaru bh, is probed: or, as in the TS, yusotaru bh, is covered: after this is applied, the earth is dug away to find the hyena: mentioned by IAar. (TA.) , and fulatN kulatN, A swift horse. (K.) : see kaliytN. A man who is sharp, acute, or penetrating, in the transacting of affairs. (TS, L.) [See also mikolavN.] kltb , inf. n. kalotabapN, He acted as a pimp. (IAar.) See kalotabaAnN. ― -b2- [Freytag assigns to this verb the signification Dissimulations, astutia, usus est in rebus; as from the K, with the same inf. n.: but I do not find it in any copy of that work. See, however, the next para.] and kulotubN Dissimulation, or craftiness, or deceit, in affairs: (K:) [or i. q. kalovabN, q. v.] A pimp: (K:) from Alkalabu: [see kaliba]. (TA.) klv He advanced: preceded: syn. taqad~ama. (K.) A man (TA) penetrating (maADK) in affairs. (K.) See mikolatN. klvb and kulaAvibN Contracted [in hand or mind]: avaricious: (K:) dissembling, or using craft, or deceit, in affairs: app. a dial. syn. of kalotabN. (TA.) See also kalobavN. klj , (S, and so accord. to the Mgh and the Msb and Es-Sakháwee, TA, but in some copies of the K kayolajapN,) as also kylqp and kylkp, (Shifà el-Ghaleel,) A certain measure, mikoyaAlN, (S, K,) used in El-'Irák, consisting of two menns and seven-eighths of a menn; the menn (man~) being two pounds; [consequently, five pounds and three quarters]: (Msb:) or half a SaAE: (Az, in Mgh and Msb, voce kur~N:) [from the Persian kiylaho:] pl. kiylajaAtN (Msb:) and kayaAlijN and kayaAlijapN, (S, K,) in which last the klH is added because it is a foreign word. (S.) klH , aor. , inf. n. kuluwHN and kulaAHN; (S, K;) and ↓ tlk~H, and ↓ AklH, (K,) and ↓ Aklw~H; (A;) He (a man, S) grinned, or displayed his teeth, (M, rendered in the S and K by taka$~ara), frowning, or contracting his face, or looking sternly, austerely, or morosely. (S, M, K.) ― -b2- kalaHa fiY wajohihi He frightened him; namely a child, and a madman. (A.) He contracted his face much. (A.) [inf. n. of kAlHhu He contended with him for superiority in strength;] i. q. mu$aAd~apN. (S.) [And so mujaAlaHapN.] He (or it, L) made him to grin, or display his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, or looking sternly, austerely, or morosely. (L, K.) ― -b2- See 1. (tropical:) He smiled: see 1. (K.) ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) tkl~H Albaroqu (tropical:) The lightning flashed in continued succession: (S, L, K:) also, it continued, and became concealed, in a white cloud. (L.) (tropical:) The mouth and parts around it. So in the phrase maA A^aqobaHa kalaHatahu How ugly is his mouth with the parts around it! (S, K.) : see kulaAHN. (S, K) and ↓ kalaAHi, the latter [indecl.] like qaTaAmi, (K,) (tropical:) A year of dearth, scarcity, drought, sterility, or barrenness. (S, K.) You say A^aSaAbatohumo sanapN kulaAHN A year of dearth, &c., befell them. (TA.) See kaAliHN. , act. part. n. of 1. ― -b2- Also, Having the lip withdrawn from the teeth. (Zj, L.) So in the Kur xxiii. 106, accord. to Zj. (L.) -A2- dahorN kaAliHN (tropical:) Severe, distressing, or afflictive, fortune, or time; (S, K;) as also ↓ kulaAHN. (TA.) Foul, unseemly, or ugly; syn. qabiyHN: (K;) an epithet applied to a man. (TA.) A trial, or an affliction, which, by its severity, makes men grin and frown. (L, from a trad.) klHb He struck him with a sword. (K.) : of this word, Az says, It is not known what it is: but it is related, on the authority of IAar, that it signifies The sound, and flame, of fire; or its sounding, and flaming: (as explained in the K:) or, accord. to the RA, it signifies its sound, or sounding, in what is slender, or small, as a lamp and the like. (TA.) [See also HadomN.] kld He (a man) was, or became, thick and firm in flesh. (L.) ― -b2- See also Q. Q. 3. : see Q. Q. 3. He (a man, Lh, and a camel, S, L) was, or became, thick, big, gross, or coarse, and strong; (Lh, S, L, K;) like A_iEolanodaY; (S, L;) as also ↓ A_ikolanodada (Lh, L) and ↓ takal~ada: (K:) he, or it, was, or became, hard; (K;) and strong; as also ↓ A_ikolanodada. (TA.) [a coll. gen. n.] Rugged lands: (Msb, K:) n. un. with p: (Msb, K:) or [hills such as are termed] A_ikaAm: n. un. with p: and ↓ kalanodFY also signifies a hill of this kind: (K:) also, a hard place without pebbles; (S, K;) as also kaladapN and ↓ kalanodFY: (TA:) or the last two words signify a piece of rugged ground or land. (S.) The Arabs use the expression Dab~u kaladapK, because the Db~ burrows only in hard ground. (L.) ― -b2- A^abuw kaladapK [in some copies of the K, kalodapK] a surname of The male hyena. (L, K.) : see kaladN. Strong, and thick, big, gross, or coarse, as also ↓ mukolanodidN: (K:) and the ↓ latter, hard: (S, L:) and strong in make, and big: and, the former, accord. to some, strong; applied in a general manner: or a hard and strong camel; (L;) as also the latter. (TA.) : see mukolanodK. kls : see 2. , inf. n. takoliysN, He plastered (Tar~a) a building with kilos; as also ↓ kalasa, inf. n. kalosN: he made smooth [with plaster]: when a thing is thickly plastered, it is termed muqaromadN. (TA.) See kilosN. ― -b2- As used by the alchemists, [He calcined a substance;] he dissolved a body so that it became like kilos. (TA.) (S, K) and by poetic licence. ↓ kil~isN (IJ) i. q. SaAruwjN [i. e. Quick time, and the mixtures thereof, with which are plastered tanks, or cisterns, and baths, &c.], (S, K.) or the like thereof, (TA,) with which one builds: (S, TA:) or that with which a wall, or the inside of a palace or the like, is plastered, resembling jiS [or gypsum], without baked bricks. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, describing El-Hadr, a city between the Tigris and Euphrates, (TA,) $aAdahu maromarFA wajal~alahu kilo sFA falilT~ayori fiY *uraAhu wukuwru [He raised it high, of marble, and covered it with quick time, and there were nests for the birds in its tops]: or, accord. to As, the right reading is waxal~alahu kilosFA, with x, meaning, and put SArwj into the interstices of its stones; and he used to laugh at him who related it in the former manner, with j. (TA.) But see 2. : see kilosN. : see mukal~isN. [ A time-kiln: so in the present day.] [Chyle; from the Greek χυλός;] a term applied by the physicians to the food when it is digested in the stomach before it departs thence and becomes blood; also called kayomuwsN. (L.) [But the latter word more properly signifies “ chyme, ” and in this sense is used by modern physicians.] A lime-burner; (Golius, on the authority of Meyd;) [as also ↓ kal~aAsN: or this latter signifies a seller of quick lime.] klE klf klm klY km See Supplement kmA^ , aor. , inf. n. kamo'N; (S, K;) and ↓ AkmA^; (K;) He fed people with [the truffles called] kamo'. (S, K.) -A2- kamiy^a, aor. , inf. n. kamaA^N, He walked barefoot, and had no shoes, or sandals; HafiYa walamo takuno Ealayohi naEolN: (accord. to some copies of the S, on the authority of Ks, and so in the L: or, accord. to the K, and an excellent copy of the S, HafiYa waEalayohi naEolN, which may signify He became thin in the feet, from much walking, though wearing shoes, or sandals:]) kamaA^N in the foot is the same as qasaTN; [i. e., the being naturally stiff in the tendons]. (TA.) -A3- kamiy^ato (tropical:) It (his foot, S, A, K, or hand, A) became much cracked (Th, S, K) by reason of cold. (A.) Also written in a copy of the A kmA^t; app. by a mistake of the transcriber. (TA.) -A4- kamiy^a Eani AlA^axobaAri (K) inf. n. kamo'N, (TA,) He was ignorant of, and understood not, or minded not, the news. (K.) It (a place) abounded with [the truffles called] kamo'. (S, K.) ― -b2- See 1. -A2- A^akomaA^atohu Als~in~u Age rendered him a $ayox, or an old man. (S, K.) He gathered [the truffles called] kamo'. (S.) -A2- tkm~A^ Ealayohi AlA^aroDu The earth hid him [as in a grave]. (K.) -A3- tkm~A^hu He detested him, or it; syn. takar~ahahu. (K.) [We, together, gathered the truffles called kamo' in their land]. (A.) A well-known vegetable, (K,) [the truffle,] which comes forth from the earth like the fuTor: or what is called $aHomu AlA^aroDi [the fat of the earth]; and the Arabs also call it judariY~u AlA^aroDi [the small-pox of the earth]: it is also said that the name of kamoA^apN is given to those [truffles] that incline to dust-colour and black; and jbA^p (q. v.) to those that incline to red: kuHol and tuwtiyaA are compounded with the juice of this vegetable [to apply to the eye]: Th also mentions kamaApN [as used for kamoA^apN]. (TA.) The dual of kamo'N is kamoA=ni; (S;) the pl. (of pauc., S) A^akomuw^N; (S, K;) and [pl. of mult.] kamoA^apN: (K:) this last is not a pl. of km', but a quasi-pl. n.: (Sb, K:) [or kamoA^apN is rather a coll. gen. n. of which the n. un. is without the p, contr. to analogy: (see jabo'N:)] in speaking of many, you say kamoA^apN, contr. to analogy: (S:) or kamoA^apN is the sing., and kamo'N pl.: or [accord. to some,] kamoA^apN is both sing. and pl.: (K:) AHn mentions kamoA^apN as sing., and kamoA^ataAni as dual, and kamoA=tN as pl.: but the right opinion is that of Sb. (TA.) [kamoA^apN also signifies Any kind of fungus, such as the mushroom, and toadstool. See fuTorN.] One who sells, and who gathers for sale, [the truffles called] kamo'. (K.) and makomuw^apN A place in which [the truffles called] kamo' grow. (K.) kmt , (contr. to analogy, as verbs significant of colours [if unaugmented] are generally of the measure faEilN, MF,) aor. , inf. n. kamotN and kumotapN (in the CK kamotapN) and kamaAtapN; and ↓ Akmt, inf. n. A_ikomaAtN; (K;) and ↓ Akmt~, inf. n. A_ikomitaAtN; and ↓ AkmAt~, (in the CK A_ikomaA^at~a,) inf. n. A_ikomiytaAtN; (S, K;) He (a horse, S, K, [and a camel, &c.]) was, or became, of the colour called kumayotN. (S, K.) -A2- kamata AlgayoZa, [aor, ,] He concealed, or hid in his bosom, rage, or wrath. (Sgh, K.) (tropical:) He dyed his garment of the colour of [fresh ripe] dates; i. e., of a red colour inclining to black. (A.) ― -b2- kum~itato She was rendered artificially of the colour called kumayotN, (K,) or was dyed of that colour. (So in a copy of the K.) see 1. see 1. see 1. : see A^akomatu. [A dark bay colour:] a red colour mixed with blackness: (Kh, Sb:) or a red colour mixed with qunuwo', (As, S, K,) which latter is blackness that is not pure, or clear: (see kumayotN:) or a colour between black and red: (ISd:) there are two kinds of kmtp; namely kumotapu SuforapK [yellow bay, or gilded bay,] and kumotapu HumorapK [red bay, or chestnut-bay]. (IAar.) , masc. and fem., (S, K,) [A bay, or dark bay, or brown, horse &c.:] of a red colour mixed with blackness: (Kh, Sb:) or of a red colour mixed with qunuwo', (As, S, K,) which latter is blackness that is not pure, or clear: (TA [app. from As]:) [see kumotapN, above:] a camel is called A^aHomaru if of an unmixed red; but if of a red colour mixed with qnw', it is called kmyt: (As, S:) the difference between kmyt and A^a$oqaru, as applied to horses, is in the mane and the tail: if these are red, the animal is called A$qr [i. e. sorrel]; and if they are black, it is called kmyt; (AO, S, TA;) and the warod is between these two: (AO, TA:) [all bay horses have black manes, which distinguish them from the sorrel, that have red or white manes: (Farrier's Dict., quoted in Johnson's Dict., voce “ bay ”:)] an epithet applied to the horse and the camel and other animals: (ISd:) you say farasN kmytN, and muhorapN kmytN, and baEiyrN kmytN, and naAqapN kmytN: (TA:) accord. to the Kh, as cited by Sb, it is of the dim. form because it denotes a colour between black and red, as though to imply that it signifies what is near to each of these two colours. (S.) In a marginal note in the S, it is said to be a foreign word arabicized. (TA.) [Perhaps from the Persian kumiy\x{698}aho: Freytag says, accord. to some from the Persian kumyth.] See also A^akomatu, and kumotapN. The Arabs say, that the kmyt is the most powerful of horses, and the strongest in the hoofs. (TA.) ― -b2- tamorapN kumayotN (tropical:) A date of the colour called kumayotN; [or, red tinged, or mixed, with black, or of a blackish red colour]: it is one of the kinds hardest, or toughest, in liHaA=' [i. e. pulp, or flesh], and sweetest to chew. (AM.) ― -b3- tiynN kumayotN (tropical:) A fig of that colour. (AHn.) ― -b4- kumayotN (tropical:) a name of Wine; because there is in it blackness and redness: (S:) or wine in which is blackness and redness: (M, K:) used like a proper name, [or rather as a subst.,] though originally an epithet. (TA.) ― -b5- kumayotN is also applied as an epithet to waste, or unowned, land. (ISd.) ― -b6- kumayotN A long, complete, month, or year. (IAar.) He took it by its root. (Sgh, K.) : see next paragraph. [ ] ― -b2- xayolN kumotN, and ↓ kamaAtiY~N, (K,) and kamaAtaY, of the same measure as Ea*aAraY, (TA,) Horses of the colour of that which is called kumayotN, (K,) kmt is a pl. formed from A^akomatu; though this sing. has not been used: (L:) and kmAtY is a pl. formed from kamotaA'u [fem. of A^akomatu] regarded as a subst.; though this sing. also has not been used. (TA.) kmvr , inf. n. kamovarapN, It became compact, one part of it entering into another, or parts into parts: (K: [but only the inf. n. is there mentioned:]) an obsolete verb: (TA:) whence the following word, (IDrd, K,) if it be Arabic. (IDrd.) (S, Msb, K,) a [coll.] gen. n., with tenween, and, accord. to some, kumavorFY, without teshdeed, but others disallow this, (Msb,) A certain kind of fruit; (T, S;) well known; [namely, the pear;] called by [some of] the vulgar A_ij~aASN: (T:) [it is called by this latter name, and also A_inojaAS and A_inojaAs, in Syria; but in Egypt and some other countries, kum~avoraY:] n. un. kum~avoraApN: (S, Msb, K:) pl. kum~avorayaAtN: (K:) [here I find added in the TA, it is fem., imperfectly decl.; and in the K, “ and sometimes it is masc. ”: but this is evidently wrong: it is masc., and with tenween, as is shown by its n. un.; but it is sometimes made fem., and then it must be written kum~avoraY, without tenween: for it is added,] and one says, h`*ihi kum~avoraY waAHidapN [this is one pear: in the copies of the K in my possession erroneously written kum~avorFY]: and h`*ihi kum~avoraY kaviyrapN [these are many pears]. (K.) Its dim. has the following forms: kumayomivorapN, (K,) which is the most agreeable with analogy, (ISd, TA,) and kumayomivoriyapN, (K,) which is the form adopted by those who make the pl. km~avorayaAtN, (ISk, TA,) and kumayovirapN, (K,) which is the best form, (ISk, TA,) and kumayomivoraApN. (K.) Az says, I have asked a number of Arabs of the desert respecting the kmvr~Y, but they knew it not. (TA.) kmH , [aor. ,] (inf. n. kamoHN; M) and ↓ A^akomaHahaA; i. q. kabaHahaA (A 'Obeyd, K) and A^akobaHahaA: (A 'Obeyd:) or kamaHa Ald~aAb~apa biAlil~jaAmi signifies He pulled in the horse, or the like, by the bridle and bit, in order that it might stop, and not run: (M:) and ↓ AkmHhA, he pulled its bridle so that its head became upright, or erect. (As, S, M.) See 1. -A2- AkmH Alkaromu The grape-vine became in a state of commotion preparatory to its putting forth its leaves. (S, K.) ― -b2- AkmHt Alz~amaEapu The gem, or knot, in the place whence a bunch of grapes was about to grow forth became white, and what resembled cotton came forth upon it. (Az, on the authority of Et-Táïfee.) ― -b3- See also Akmx and A^uqomiHa. (and kuwmaHN, L) A man (S) having large buttocks. (S, L, K.) ― -b2- Also kawomaHN, A man (TA) whose teeth fill his mouth so that his speech is thick: (K:) or a man whose teeth are crowded together, one upon another, so that his mouth seems to be straitened by them. (IDrd.) ― -b3- famN kwmH A mouth straitened by the great number of the teeth and by the swelling of the gums. (IDrd.) kmx , (S, L, K,) aor. ; (K;) and bAnfh ↓ Akmx; (L;) He magnified himself, or was proud; (S, L, K;) elevated his nose, from pride: (L:) or Akmx he elevated his head, from pride; (L;) i. q. AqmH [in the CK with x]: (K:) or he sat in the manner of him who magnifies himself (S, L) in his own mind. (L.) A^akomaxuwA baA^owFA They flourished and increased in self exaltation: or taraAd~uwA. (L.) ― -b2- kamaxahu biAll~ijaAmi He pulled him in [i. e. a horse or the like] by the bridle and bit, in order to check or stop him; (L:) i. q. kabaHahu; (K;) [or he pulled up his head by the bridle and bit]. See kamaHa. -A2- kamaxa bihi, (K,) aor. , (L,) inf. n. kmoxN, (S, L,) He voided it, namely his excrement, or ordure; or voided it in a thin state; syn. salaHa. (S, K.) Some bread and kaAmaix [q. v. infra] were offered to an Arab of the desert, and he knew not the latter; so it was said to him, “ This is kAmx; ” whereupon he said, “ I know that it is kAmx; ” and added, A^ay~ukumo kamaxa bihi “ which of you voided it? ” Ay~km salaHa bh. (S.) ― -b2- kamaxa bisaloHihi, aor. and inf. n. as above, He (a camel) voided his excrement, or ordure, in a thin state. (L.) See 1. -A2- Akmx It (a vine) put forth its gems when about to put forth its leaves. (AHn.) [See also A^akomaHa.] The magnifying one's self; pride. (Abu-l-'Abbás, K.) , (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) sometimes written and pronounced kaAmixN, (Msb, and written in both these ways in a copy of the S) but the former is better known, and more common, (TA,) an arabicized word, (S, Mgh, Msb,) from the Persian kaAmaho, (Mgh, Shifá el-Ghaleel,) A kind of seasoning, or condiment, eaten with bread to render it pleasant, or savoury; (S, Msb, K;) [a thing used to give relish to food, or to quicken the appetite;] accord. to some, prepared with vinegar, and used to quicken the appetite; (TA;) also called mur~iY~N: (Msb:) or it is a bad sort of mur~iY~: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. kawaAmixu, (Msb,) or kawaAmiyxu. (Mgh.) A king having his head elevated, from pride. (L.) kmd , aor. , inf. n. kamadN, It (a thing) became changed in colour, (L, * Msb, K, *) and lost its clearness, (L, K,) the traces thereof remaining. (L.) ― -b2- kamida lawonuhu His, or its, colour became changed. (L.) ― -b3- kamida Alv~awobu The garment became worn-out, (A, K,) and smooth, (K,) so that its colour changed. (A.) ― -b4- kamada, (aor. , K, inf. n. kamodN and kumuwdN, TA,) He (a fuller, L) beat a garment, or piece of cloth. (L, K.) ― -b5- kamida, aor. , inf. n. kamadN, (tropical:) He (a man) was affected with concealed grief or sorrow: (S, Msb:) or, with grief or sorrow which he could not dispel: (L:) or, with intense grief or sorrow: (K:) or, with most intense grief or sorrow: (L:) and, with disease of the heart from intense grief or sorrow. (K.) , inf. n. takomiydN, He heated it (a limb) with a kimaAdap; (K;) heated it with rags and the like; (S, L;) applied to it a kimaAdap. (A.) kimaAdN [which see below] signifies the same as takomiydN. (S, L.) ― -b2- He heated for him a garment or piece of cloth or some other thing, and applied it to a place in which he suffered pain in one of his limbs, so as to give him ease. You also say ↓ A^akomadahu; and makomuwdN is used as the pass. part. n. of this verb, anomalously. (L.) He (a fuller, S, A, L, and a washer, L) failed of cleaning it, (S, A, L,) and of making it white, (A,) namely, a garment. or piece of cloth. (S, &c.) ― -b2- Akmdhu He, or it, affected him with intense grief or sorrow: and, with disease of the heart from intense grief or sorrow: (K:) it (grief) rendered him sorrowful. (A.) ― -b3- See 2. : see kamadN. (L, K) and ↓ kamodN (K) and ↓ kumodapN, (S, L, Msb, K,) the last a simple subst., (Msb,) Change of colour, (S, L, Msb, K,) and loss of its clearness, (L, K,) the traces thereof remaining. (L.) ― -b2- kamadN Concealed grief or sorrow: (S, A, L, Msb:) or grief or sorrow which one cannot dispel: (L:) or intense grief; as also ↓ kamodN and ↓ kumodapN: (K:) or most intense grief or sorrow: (ISd, L:) and disease of the heart from intense grief or sorrow. (K.) A thing changed in colour; (Msb;) see 1; and All~awoni ↓ A^akomadu [the same]: (A:) and Alwajohi ↓ kaAmidu [changed in countenance]. (A.) ― -b2- Affected with concealed grief or sorrow; as also ↓ kamiydN: (S, Msb:) or, both words, with grief or sorrow which cannot be dispelled: (L:) or, with intense grief or sorrow; as also ↓ kaAmdN and ↓ makomuwdN [which see below]: (K:) or, with most intense grief or sorrow: (L:) and, with disease of the heart from intense grief or sorrow; as also ↓ kaAmidN and ↓ makomuwdN. (K.) ― -b3- Frowning, or contracting his face; looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; as also ↓ kaAmidN. (L.) : see kamadN. (a subst. K) The act of beating a garment, or a piece of cloth, by a fuller. (L, K. *) ― -b2- kimaAdN (K) and kimaAdapN (A, L, K) A greasy, (A,) or dirty, (K,) or greasy and dirty, (L,) piece of rag, which is heated, and put upon a pained part, as a means of cure, (A, L, K,) for pain (A, K) of the belly, (K,) or flatulence. (A, K.) ― -b3- kimaAdN i. q. takomiydN; see 2; (S, L;) [The application of a kimaAdap;] the taking a piece of rag, and heating it with fire, and putting it upon the place of a swelling. (Sh, L.) It is said in a trad., AlkimaAdu A^aHab~u A_ilaY~a mina AlkaY~i [The application of a kimaAdap is more pleasing to me than cauterization]. (S, L.) and kaAmidN: see kamidN. , which is extr., being from A^akomadahu: (TA:) see 4, and kamidN. kmr He (a circumciser) missed the place of circumcision [and hurt, or wounded, the glans of the penis]. (IKtt.) The head [or glans] of the penis; (K;) or i. q. Ha$afapN: (Msb:) pl. kamarN: (S, Msb, K:) [or rather, the latter is a coll. gen. n.; and the former, the n. un.] It is said in a proverb, Alkamaru A^a$obaAhu Alkamari; alluding to the likeness of one thing to another. (K.) ― -b2- Hence, by synecdoche, (tropical:) The penis, altogether. (Msb.) A man (S) having the head [or glans] of his penis, (Msb, K,) or the extremity of the head of his penis, (S,) hurt, or wounded, by the circumciser. (S, Msb, K.) kms [Chyme; from the Greek χυμός;] a term applied by the physicians to the food when it is digested in the stomach before it departs thence and becomes blood; also called kayoluwsN: (L, TA:) [but the latter word more properly signifies “ chyle, ” and in this sense is used by modern physicians:] a certain mixture or humour (xiloTN): a Syriac word: (K:) [or Greek, as mentioned above:] Az says, that kayomuwsaAtN, as used by the physicians, signifies the four humours; and is not Arabic, but ancient Greek. (TA.) Want, or requirement, of food, or nourishment. Occurring in a trad. of Kuss, where it is said to be not an attribute of God. (ISd, TA.) km$ , aor. , inf. n. kamaA$apN, She (a woman) was, or became, small in the breast. (TA.) ― -b2- kamu$ati AlxuSoyapu, inf. n. kumuw$apN, [The testicle, or the scrotum,] was, or became, short, and cleaving to the inner skin. (TA.) See also 5. -A2- kamu$a, inf. n. kamaA$apN, He (a man) was, or became, quick; (K;) as also ↓ tkm~$ (S, K, TA) and ↓ Ankm$; (K, TA;) and ↓ Akm$, in relation to pace and to work: (IKtt:) or quick and sharp or vigorous or effective: (S:) or determined or resolute, and sharp or vigorous or effective, (A, TA,) and quick, in his affairs: (TA:) or courageous. (Sb, ISd.) You say, fiY saEoyihi ↓ Ankm$ and ↓ tkm~$ [He was quick, &c., in his walking, or running, or working]. (A.) And Alfarasu fiY sayorihi ↓ Ankm$ [The horse was quick, &c., in his going, or pace.] (A.) And ↓ Ankm$ fiY A^amorihi He hastened, or was sharp or vigorous or effective, in his affair. (As.) And ↓ Ankm$ fiY AlHaAjapi He was quick and vigorous in executing the needful affair; syn. AjotamaEa fiyhaA. (TA.) ― -b2- And kamu$a He determined, resolved, or decided, upon an affair; as also kami$a, [aor. ] inf. n. kama$N. (TA.) , (A, TA,) inf. n. takomiy$N, (TA,) He contracted, or tucked up, his skirt. (A, TA.) -A2- km~$hu, (inf. n. as above, S, K,) He hastened him; made him quick; (S, A, K;) [and so app. ↓ Akm$hu: see $am~ara.] ― -b2- And km~$, (K,) or km~$ AlA_ibila, inf. n. as above, (TA,) He (a man singing to camels to urge or excite them) was vigorous in driving [so that he made the camels quick]. (K, TA.) : see 1. -A2- Akm$hu: see 2. -A3- Akm$ biAln~aAqapi He bound all the teats of the camel with the SiraAr, q. v. (S, K.) It (skin) contracted, or shrank, (A, K,) and became drawn together; (K;) and so ↓ Ankm$, said of a garment, or piece of cloth, after washing; (K, art. qlS;) and of an udder. (TA.) See also 1. -A2- See again 1, in two places. : see 5. -A2- See also 1, in five places. Short and small; applied to an udder: and [the fem.] with p, applied to a testicle, or a scrotum, (xuSoyap) short, and cleaving to the inner skin. (TA.) ― -b2- Applied to a horse, Small in the veretrum; as also ↓ kamiy$N: (S, K:) or short therein: [contr. of saAbigN:] pl. [of mult.] kimaA$N and [of pauc.) A^akomaA$N: (A 'Obeyd:) or, applied to a beast of carriage, short and small therein: ('Eyn:) but when applied to a female, having a small udder; as also ↓ kamiy$N, (K,) or kamiy$apN, so applied, ('Eyn,) and kamo$apN, applied to a she-camel, (Ks, S,) and ↓ kamuw$N, thus applied: (TA:) or kamiy$apN [so in the K accord. to the TA, but in some copies of the K ↓ kami$apN,] and kamuw$N have this signification when applied to a ewe or she-goat: (K:) or the former of these two epithets, (As,) or each of them, (K,) thus applied, signifies short in the teat, (As, K,) so as to be milked only with the ends of three fingers, or with the thumb and forefinger: (As:) and kamo$apN, applied to a woman, having a small breast. (TA.) -A2- Also, and ↓ kamiy$N, applied to a man, (S, A, K,) Quick: (A, K:) or quick and sharp or vigorous or effective: (S:) or determined or resolute, and sharp or vigorous or effective, (A, TA,) and quick in his affairs: (TA:) and ↓ kami$N [app. applied to a man, being the part. n. of kami$a, q. v.] is syn. with kamo$N: (TA:) or ↓ kamiy$N signifies courageous. (Sb, ISd.) : fem. with p: see above, in two places. : see above, in three places. : fem. with p: see above, passim. ― -b2- rajulN kamiy$u AlA_izaAri [lit.] A man having his AzAr [or waist-wrapper] tucked up; (K, TA;) [meaning,] vigorous, laborious, or sedulous, in his affair. (TA.) kmE kml kmn kmh kmY kn See Supplement knb , aor. , inf. n. kunuwbN; and ↓ Aknb; He, or it, was, or became, gross; thick, coarse; or rough: syn. galuZa. (K.) See 4. ― -b2- kanaba He was, or became, possessed of plenty, or riches: syn. AisotagonaY. (K.) ― -b3- kanabahu fiY jiraAbihi, aor. , inf. n. kanobN, He stowed it, or deposited it, in his provision-bag. (K.) ; and ↓ kanibato, aor. , inf. n. kanabN; (K;) or the former verb only is used; not the latter; (As, S;) His hand was, or became, callous, or hard, (S,) or coarse, or rough, (K,) by reason of work. (S, K.) See 1. ― -b2- Aknb lisaAnuhu His tongue was impeded, or tied up. (K.) ― -b3- Aknb Ealayohi baTonuhu His belly [meaning its contents] oppressed him, or gave him pain: syn. A_i$otad~a. (K.) Callousness, or hardness, of the hand, resulting from work: (S:) or coarseness, or roughness, of the foot, and of the hoof, and of the camel's foot, and of the hand: or of the hand only, resulting from work. (K.) -A2- See kanibN. , of the same measure as katifN, (K,) or ↓ kanabN, (as in the copies of the S in my hands) A certain plant: (S, K:) or a certain tree: (Lth:) AHn says, It resembles the qataAd growing in our country, where, sometimes, sandals or shoes are sewed with its bark, and thereof are twisted ropes which endure moisture, day-dew, or rain: and in one place he says, I asked one of the Arabs of the desert respecting the knb, and he shewed me a scattered, small, thorny plant, with white twigs or branches, abounding with thorns, having, at the extremities, baraAEiym [or calyxes, or flowers, or flower-buds,] from each of which grew forth three thorns. (TA.) i. q. $imoraAxN [i. e. the fruit-stalk of the raceme of a palm tree]. (S, K.) What is dry, of trees: or having its thorns broken. (K.) and kunaAtibN Short: (K:) or thick, or coarse, and short: (TA:) or hard and strong: (see kunotvubN:) but the v is augmentative, (TA,) [and therefore the proper art. is knb]. Full to satiety; glutted with food. (K.) and mikonabN: see next paragraph. and ↓ mikonabN A coarse, or rough, hoof; (IAar, K;) and the same words, and ↓ mukonabN, the same as applied to a camel's foot. (IAar) Thick, or coarse, and strong, and short. (K) knbt He (a man) became contracted [in disposition; or niggardly, or stingy]. (L, as from IDrd.) But see art. knbv. (TA.) , (or this should be kunovubN, TA) A hard, strong, robust, man. (L.) But see kunobuvN. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, and kunaAbitN, A man contracted [in disposition]; niggardly, or stingy. (L.) But see art. knbv. (TA.) knbv and ↓ takanobava He became hard and strong: (L:) he became contracted; syn. taqab~aDa: (K:) [app. in disposition; see kunobuvN: or in make; the second verb being also expl. in the L, with reference to a man, by the words tadaAxala baEoDuhu fiY baEoDK]. see Q. 1. and ↓ kunobuwvN and ↓ kunaAbvNi Hard (L, K) and strong. (L.) [Epithets applied to a man.] ― -b2- Also, all the three words, Contracted [in disposition], and niggardly, or stingy. (K.) ― -b3- Mentioned before in art. kbv; and like kulobuvN. (TA.) ― -b4- [Accord. to the L, these epithets seem also to apply to a man Contracted in make: the first and third being expl. by the words tadaAxala baEoDuhu fiY baEoDK.] : see kunobuvN. : see kunobuvN and art. knvb. knt , (aor. , inf. n. kanotN, TK,) He (a man) was strong in his make. (IAar, TS, K.) -A2- kanita, aor. , It (a skin, TA) became foul with the grease of milk [and so retained the water, or milk, well]; syn. Ha$ina: (TS, and SM's copy of the K: in the CK and a MS. copy of the K, xa$una: in another copy of the K, Hasuna.) He was lowly; humble; submissive. (K.) [See Aiqotanata.] ― -b2- He was content, or well pleased; acquiesced. (K.) : see kunotiY~N. [as also qaniytN] A skin that retains [the water, or milk,] well. (K.) Strong; robust. (Ibn-Buzruj, K.) An epithet applied to a man. (Ibn-Buzruj.) Formed from kunotu “ I was ” because an old man speaks of himself in time past saying kunotu ka*aA wakunotu ka*aA. (MF.) ― -b2- Also, [and ↓ kunotN, as implied in the TA, and in the S in art., Ejn,] and ↓ kunotuniY~N, i. q. kabiyrN [app. Great in age; old: aged]. (AZ, K.) A poet says, wamaA kunotu kunotiy~FA wamaA kunotu EaAjinFA wa$ar~u Alr~ijaAli AlkunotuniY~u waEaAjinu [And I was not old, nor was I one who raised himself from the ground by the help of his hands: and the worst of men is the old, and one who raises himself so]. (TA.) : see kunotiY~u. kntb and kunaAtibN: see art. knb. knv A nawarodjap (in the TA, nawarodaHap, with H unpointed,) made of myrtle, and of the branches of the [kind of willow called] xilaAf (spread out, TA), upon which sweet-smelling plants are arranged, or disposed, in regular series, and which is then folded: (Lth, K:) the Nabathean word is knvA. (L.) It is a circular thing (daAy^irap) of myrtle, and of branches of willow, upon which sweet-smelling plants are disposed, or arranged, and which is then folded like a volume, or roll, and made in the form of a basket: the damsels prepare this for ornament in the days of the springseason, and amuse themselves with it. nwrdjp is an arabicized word, from the Persian nawarodho, pass. part. n. of nawarodiydano, and meaning “ folded, ” or “ twisted ” (TK, [as explained to me by a very learned Turk, who, however, thinks the words not very clear.]) knvb and kunovubN and kunaAvibN Hard and strong: (K:) but the v in this case is corrupted from t: see kunotubN in art. knb. (TA.) [in the TA written knAbv] Sand pouring down. (IAar, K.) knd , (S, &c.), aor. , (A, MS,) or , (ElBasáïr,) or kanada niEomapF, (TA,) inf. n. kunuwdN, (S. K, &c.) He was ungrateful; he disacknowledged a benefit. (S, A, K.) ― -b2- A_ino saA^alotahu nakada waA_ino A^aEoTayotahu kanada If thou ask of him, he refuseth; and if thou give him. he is ungrateful. (A.) ― -b3- kanada A^abaAhu Aln~iEomap (K) He disacknowleged his father's beneficence. (TA.) ― -b4- kana*uhu, (S, L,) inf. n. kanodN, (K,) He cut, or severed, it. (S, L, K.) : see kanuwdN. A portion of a mountain. (K.) Ungrateful; who disacknowledges benefits; (El-Kelbee, S, A, L, K;) as also ↓ kan~aAdN: (L, K;) or a denier: (L:) the former applied also to a woman; and so ↓ kunudN: (S, A, L:) an unbeliever: (Zj, L:) a blamer of his Lord, (El-Hasan, L, K,) who takes account of evil accidents and forgets benefits: (El-Hasan, L:) rebellious. or disobedient, (K,) in the dial. of Kindeh: (TA:) niggardly; tenacious; avaricious; (K;) in the dial. of the Benoo-Málik: (TA:) who eats alone, and withholds his drinking-bowl (raifodahu), and beats his slave: (Kh, L, K:) all these meanings are assigned to it in the verse [6 of ch. c.] of the Kur-án, A_in~a A@loA_inosaAna lirab~ihi lakanuwdN: but of the last, ISd remarks, that he knows no foundation for it in the classical language, and that it is not easily admissible coupled with lrb~h. (L, TA.) ― -b2- A woman ungrateful for friendship, and for loving communion, commerce, or intercourse; (As, L, K;) as also ↓ kunudN. (As, L.) ― -b3- A^aroDN kanuwdN (tropical:) Land that produces nothing. (S, A, L, K.) : see kanuwdN. ― -b2- Also, One who cuts, or severs; who is wont to do so. (S, L.) kndv and kunaAdivN Hard and strong: (K, L:) [as also kunobuvN and kunotubN, &c.]. kndr [Greek χόνδρος λιβανωτοῦ, or λιβάνου χόνδροσ] i. q. lubaAnN [q. v., i. e. Frankincense], (S, in art. kdr; TA;) accord. to the physicians; (TA;) a kind of Eilok [or resin], very useful for stopping phlegm, (K,) and a dispeller of forgetfulness, and having other properties: n. un. with p. (TA.) knz , aor. , (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and, accord. to MF, also, but the former is that which commonly obtains, (TA,) inf. n. kanozN, (Mgh, Msb,) He buried the property, or treasure, (S, K, TA,) in the earth: (TA:) he collected the property together, (Mgh, Msb,) and treasured it, hoarded it, laid it up, reposited it, stowed it, or stored it, in secret: (Msb:) and AlmaAla ↓ Aktnz signifies the same as kanazahu. (TA.) ― -b2- kanaza Al$~aYo'a, (K,) aor. , inf. n. kanozN, (TA,) He pressed the thing, meaning anything, (K,) with his hand or foot, (TA,) in a receptacle, or in the earth. (K.) ― -b3- kanazaAlt~amora, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. , (K,) inf. n. kanozN, (Msb, TA,) and, accord. to Az, kanaAzN and kinaAzN, [but see the former of these two words below,] (Msb,) He stowed, or packed, the dates, (TA,) fiY AlwiEaA='i in the receptacle, (A, Msb,) or fiY AljilaAli in the large receptacles of palm-leaves, [pl. of jul~ap,] by throwing [the contents of] a bag (jiraAb) into the bottom of the jul~ap and pressing them with the feet until they became compacted, or commixed in a mass, and then bag after bag until the jl~p was pressed full, when it was sewed up with palm-leaf cord. (TA.) ― -b4- kanaza Albur~a fiY AljiraAbi [He stored up, or packed, the wheat in the bag]. (TA.) [See an ex. of the pass. part. n. voce dar~N.] ― -b5- kanaza AljiraAba He filled the bag very full. (A.) And kanaza Als~iqaA='a He filled the skin of milk or water. (TA.) And $ad~a kanoza Alqirobapi He filled the water-skin. (TA.) ― -b6- kanaza Alr~NmoHa, (Sgh, TA,) inf. n. kanozN, (Sgh, K,) He stuck the spear into the ground. (Sgh, K, * TA.) It (a thing, S, Mgh, Msb,) became collected together, or compacted; and full. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) ― -b2- Aktnz Alt~amoru [The dates became closely packed, or pressed together so as to be compact or commixed in a mass: see 1]. (TA; and K in art. wjA^; &c.) The like is also said of wheat. (TA.) ― -b3- Aktnz All~aHomu The flesh became compact, or hard. (From an explanation of the part. n. in the A; &c.) -A2- Aktnz AljiraAbu The bag became very full. (A.) And Aktnz Als~iqaA='u The skin of milk or water became full. (TA.) -A3- Aktnz AlmaAla: see 1. Treasure; property buried (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) in the earth: (TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst.: pl. kunuwzN. (Mgh, Msb.) ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) it is applied in a trad. to (tropical:) Any property whereof the portion that should be given in alms is not given. (S, TA.) ― -b3- Property that is preserved in a receptacle. (TA.) ― -b4- Anything abundant, collected together, that is desired with emulation. (Sh, TA.) ― -b5- Gold: and silver. (K.) It is said in a trad., A^uEoTiytu Alkanozayoni mina AlA^aHomari waAlA^aboyaDi I have been given gold and silver. (TA.) ― -b6- (tropical:) [A treasure of knowledge or science]. You say, maEahu kanozN mino kunuwzi AlEilomi (tropical:) [With him is a treasure of the treasures of knowledge or science]. (A, TA.) In the Kur, xviii. 81, it is said to be used in a similar manner, as signifying not gold nor silver, but (tropical:) Science and books. (TA.) And it is said in like manner in a trad., A^alaA A^uEal~imuka kanozFA mino kunuwzi Aljan~api laA Hawola walaA quw~apa A_il~aA biA@ll~`hi (tropical:) [Ho! I will teach thee a treasure of the treasures of paradise: There is no power nor strength but in God]: meaning, that a reward is stored up [in paradise] for him who says this, and who describes himself thereby, like as a treasure is stored up. (TA.) ― -b7- Aboo-'Alee El-Kálee says, that it is used in a verse of 'Alkamah, which he does not quote, as signifying (tropical:) Fat; as a subst.; and adds, that it is the only instance known to him of its being thus used. (TA.) -A2- Also, That in which property is preserved, or guarded: (K, * TA:) and ↓ makonizN [or rather both] that in which property is buried, treasured, hoarded, laid up, reposited, or stored, in secret: pl. of the latter, makaAnizu. (A, TA.) : see mukotanizN. and ↓ kinaAzN: see kanaza Alt~amora. [Accord. to Az, they are inf. ns.; but some seem to regard them as simple substs.] You say, h`*aA zamanu AlkanaAzi, (S, Msb, K. *) and ↓ AlkinaAzi, (K,) This is the time of packing the dates. (K, * TA.) And El-Umawee says, A^atayotuhumo Einoda AlkanaAzi, and ↓ AlkinaAzi, I came to them when they were packing the dates. (TA.) ISk says, that it has been heard only with fet-h; (S, Msb;) but some say, that it is like jadaAdN and jidaAdN, and SaraAmN and SiraAmN. (S.) ― -b2- Also, sometimes, [The storing, or packing,] of wheat. (TA.) : see kanaAzN: -A2- and see also mukotanizN, throughout. Dates packed in [the receptacles called] qawaASir [pl. of qawoSar~apN] (K, TA) and jilaAl [pl. of jul~apN]. (TA,) for winter; (K, TA;) as also ↓ makonuwzN. (TA.) See kanaza Alt~amora. ― -b2- See also mukotanizN. One who takes extraordinary pains in treasuring, or hoarding, gold and silver. (TA.) : see kanozN. : see kaniyzN: ― -b2- and mukotanizN. , and ↓ kaniyzuhu, (A, TA,) and ↓ kanizahu, and ↓ makonuwzuhu, (TA,) Compact, or hard, in flesh: (A:) and [in like manner] ↓ kinaAzN compact and strong in flesh. (TA.) You say, naAqapN kinaAzN, (S, K,) or kinaAzu All~aHomi, (A,) and jaAriyapNi kinaAzN, (K,) and hanN kinaAzN, (TA,) A she-camel, (S, A, K,) and a girl, (K,) and a woman's pudendum, (TA,) compact, (mukotanizap, S, or kaniyzap, or, as in the K, abundant, kaviyrap, TA,) in flesh, (S, K,) and hard, or firm: (K:) pl. kunozN and kinaAzN; the latter being like the sing.; (K;) but the two vowels [namely the two kesrehs] and the two alifs are regarded as different; for the word is not, as some assert, of the same class as junubN, since it has a dual form, namely kinaAzaAni. (TA.) ― -b2- kitaAbN mukotanizN biAlfawaAy^idi (tropical:) [A book, or writing, stored with useful things]. (A, TA.) kns , (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) aor. , (S, Msb,) or , (Mgh,) inf. n. kanosN, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He swept (Mgh, TA) a house, or chamber, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) or place, (TA,) with a mikonasap [or broom]. (A, Mgh.) ― -b2- mar~uwA bihimo fakanasuwhumo (tropical:) They passed by them and swept them away, or destroyed them; syn. kasaHuwhumo. (A, TA.) -A2- kanasa, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. , (S, Msb, K,) or , (Mgh,) inf. n. kunuwsN, (Mgh, Msb,) He (an antelope) entered his kinaAs, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) i. e., his covert, or hiding-place, among trees; (S, K;) or abode; (Msb;) or cave; (TA;) as also ↓ tkn~s (S, A, Mgh, K) and ↓ Aktns;) (A, TA;) which two verbs are likewise said of a wild bull or cow, in the same sense. (TA.) [Hence,] ↓ tkn~s also signifies (tropical:) He (a man, TA) entered the tent: (K:) or hid himself, and entered the tent. (TA.) And ↓ tkn~st (tropical:) She (a woman) entered the hawodaj [or camel-litter]: (K:) app. taken from the saying of Lebeed, fatakan~asuwA quTonFA, meaning, and they entered hawaAdij [or camel-litters] covered with cloths of cotton. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence also,] kanasati Aln~ujuwmu, (Zj,) aor. , (AO, Zj, S, K,) inf. n. kunuwsN, (Lth, Zj,) (tropical:) The stars hid themselves in their place, or places, of setting, (AO, Zj, S, K, *) like antelopes in their kunus [or coverts]: (K:) [or] continued in their courses and then departed, returning: (Zj:) or the stars [here meaning planets] became stationary in their circuiting or revolving. (Lth.) See kaAnisN. see 1; the former, in four places. see 1; the former, in four places. A gazelle's covert, or hiding-place, among trees: (S, K:) so called because he sweeps (ykns) the sand, or in the sand, [accord. to different copies of the K,] until he reaches the soil, or moist earth: (K, * TA:) or his abode: (Msb:) or cave: (TA:) and [in like manner] ↓ makonisN a place into which a gazelle or a wild bull or cow enters to protect itself therein from the heat: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akonisapN (TA) and [of mult.] kunusN and kun~asN (K) and [pl. pl., i. e., pl. of kunusN,] kunusaAtN. (TA.) Sweepings; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) the dust of a house that is swept and thrown into a heap. (Lh.) ― -b2- Also, The place of sweepings; (Mgh;) the place where sweepings are thrown. (TA.) A place of worship (K) of the Christians; [a Christian church:] (S, A, K:) or of the Jews; (Sgh, K;) i. e., of the Jews only: [a Jewish synagogue;] that of Christians being called biyEapN: (Sgh:) [Chald כְנישָׁה: (Golius:)] or both; (Mgh, Msb;) being sometimes applied to the former [in classical times, as it is in the present day, as well as to the latter]: (Msb:) or of unbelievers, (K,) absolutely: (TA:) an arabicized word, [from the Chaldee mentioned above, or] from [the Persian word] kunisoto (Az, Mgh) or kanasoto (TA) [signifying “ a firetemple ”]: pl. kanaAy^isu. (A, Msb.) -A2- A thing resembling [the kind of camel-litter called] a hawodaj, composed of twigs, or branches, stuck in a maHomil or a raHol, with a cloth thrown over them, in which the rider sits in the shade and conceals himself: (Mgh, Msb:) of the measure faEiylapN from kunuwsN [an inf. n. of kanasa]: (Mgh:) pl. as above. (Msb.) One who sweeps Hu$uw$ [meaning privies]. (A, TA.) An antelope, (S, A, TA,) and a wild bull, (TA,) entering his kinaAs, (S, A, TA,) i. e., his covert, or hiding-place, among trees: (S:) fem. with p: (Zj:) pl. kun~asN, both of the masc. and fem., (Zj,) and kawaAnisu, of the masc., (A,) [and of the fem. also accord. to rule,] and kunuwsN. (TA.) ― -b2- [Hence,] Alkun~asu, (S,) or AljawaAriY Alkun~asu, (K,) [in the Kur, lxxxi. 16,] (tropical:) The stars; because they hide themselves in their place of setting: (AO, S:) or the stars that rise running their course, and hide themselves in their places of setting: (Zj:) or all the stars; because they appear by night and lie hidden by day: (K:) or i. q. Alxun~asu, (K, TA,) i. e., Als~ay~aArapu, (TA,) or Als~ay~aAraAtu, (Bd,) or Alxun~asu Als~ay~aArapu, (S,) the five stars, [or planets,] Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury; (TA;) because they hide themselves in their place of setting, like antelopes in their kunus [or coverts]; (K;) or because they become hidden beneath the light of the sun: (Bd:) or the stars [meaning plants] that become hidden in their courses, and run their courses and become stationary in their places of circuiting, and then circuit [again]; every star [of those thus named] having a circuit in which it becomes stationary, and [then] revolves [again], and then it departs, returning: (Lth:) or the angels: (K:) or the wild bulls or cows, and the wild antelopes, (Zj, K,) that enter their kunus [or coverts] when the heat is vehement. (Zj.) : [pl. makaAnisu:] see kinaAsN. ― -b2- [Hence,] makaAnisu Alr~ayobi (assumed tropical:) The places of suspicion. (TA.) A broom; a thing with which one sweeps: (S, A, Msb:) pl. makaAnisu. (A, TA.) A maker of brooms. (Golius, from Meyd.) kn$ knE See Supplement knEt . A species of fish; (AO, TS, L, K;) as also kanoEadN; from which it appears to be formed by the substitution of t for d. (TS, L.) knEv It (a thing) became collected together. (L.) knEd A kind of sea-fish; (S, L, K;) as also kanoEatN, in which the t seems to be a substitute for the d. (L.) knf See Supplement knfv and kunaAfivN Short. (K.) knh knY kh See Supplement khb , (S, K,) and kahuba, (K,) inf. n. kahabN and kuhobapN, (TA,) He (a camel, S,) was, or became, of the colour called kuhobap. (S, K.) His complexion was, or became, changed, [or darkened by the sun &c.]. (TA.) A buffalo (or camel, A; and so in the CK;) advanced in years. (K.) : see kuhobapN The colour which is also called quhobap: (As, S, K:) or that which is called duhomap: or dust-colour intermixed, or tinged over, with black: (K:) used absolutely, (TA,) or only with reference to camels, (K,) i. e., to their colours: (TA:) or a colour not purely red, but applied specially to a red colour: (AA, S:) or any colour inclining to that of dust: (Yaakoob, who does not particularize anything [to which it is applied] exclusively: TA): Az says, I have not heard khbp as a colour of camels on the authority of any one but Lth; and perhaps it is used as a colour of clothes: (TA:) it is also said that ↓ kahabN signifies the colour of the buffalo. (IAar, cited by Az.) , an expression used by the poet Hassán Ibn-Thábit, meaning (tropical:) Sons of a base, or an ignoble, woman: khybp being thus used as though it were a proper name. (RA.) : see A^akohabu. (Az, S, K) and ↓ kaAhibN (K) A camel (Az, S) of the colour called kuhobap: (Az, S, K) fem. of the former kahobaA'N, (Az) [and pl. kuhobN]. ― -b2- rajulN A^akohabu All~awoni (tropical:) A man whose complexion is changed, [or darkened by the sun &c.]. (TA.) khd , (S, K,) aor. , inf. n. kahodN (K) and kahadaAnN, (S, K,) He was quick; made haste; (L, K;) in his pace: (L:) he (an ass) ran; syn. EadaA. (S, L.) ― -b2- kahada and ↓ Akhd He was quick in service. (TA.) ― -b3- kahada He was importunate, persevering, or urgent, in petitioning, or seeking, or desiring. (K.) ― -b4- kahada and ↓ Akhd He was, or became, fatigued, tired, or weary. (K.) ― -b5- kahada and ↓ Akhd He became jaded, harassed, or fatigued, by labour, or toil: as also kadaha and A^akodaha. (L.) ― -b6- kahadotuhu (so in the copies of the K; but differently in the S: [see 4:] TA I made him to be quick, or to hasten. (K.) I made him (an ass) to run. (S, L.) See also 1. ― -b2- Akhd He fatigued, tired, or wearied, (L, K,) his companion. (L.) It (a young bird) trembled, or fluttered, before its mother, that she might feed it: (S, L:) and he (an old man) trembled: (L:) i. q. A_iqomahad~a. (K.) Distress; trouble; fatigue; weariness; i. q. jahodN. (TA.) You say A^aSaAbahu jahodN wakahodN [Distress, &c., befell him]. (L, K.) A female slave: (K:) so called because of her quickness in service. (TA.) A she-ass quick in the fore legs. (L, K.) and ↓ mukohadN Fatigued; tired; weary. (L.) One who trembles by reason of old age. (K.) : see kaAhidN. khdb A heavy, or dull, man: syn. vaqiylN waxomN. (K.) khr , aor. , inf. n. kahorN, He chid him with rough speech, (S, Mgh, K,) to show him contempt. (TA.) ― -b2- He reviled him. (Az, TA.) ― -b3- He encountered him with a frowning face, (K,) to show him contempt: (TA:) or he frowned at him. (TA.) ― -b4- He oppressed him; i. q. qaharahu. (S, K.) So in the Kur, [xciii. 9,] faA^am~aA A@loyatiyma falaA tkoharo [Therefore, as to the orphan, thou shalt not oppress him]; accord. to the reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (Ks, S.) Yaakoob says, that the k in kaharahu is a substitute for the q in qaharahu. (TA.) khrb and kahorabaA [or kahorubaA] A well-known yellow substance; [yellow amber]: from the Persian kaAhu rubaA, i. e., “ carrying off straw, ” [on account of its electric attraction]. (TA.) See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 468: and see HawarN. khf See Supplement khkb and kahokamN i. q. baA*inojaAnN [The eggplant, or melongena]. (IAar, T, K.) Mentioned in the T in art. khkm; whence it seems that the b is a substitute for m. (TA.) khl khm khn khY See Supplement kwA^ See art. kyA^ kwb , aor. yakuwbu; and ↓ AktAb; He drank with a kuwb, the kind of mug or cup so called. (IAar, K.) , inf. n. yakowiybN, He pounded, or brayed, a thing with a fihor [or kuwbap, q. v.] (K.) see 1. A mug, or drinking-cup, (kuwzN,) without a handle: (Fr, S, K:) or one (with a round top, TA,) that has no spout: (K:) or a vessel, (Bd in lvi. 18,) or drinking-cup, (Jel. ibid.) having neither handle nor spout: (Bd, Jel. ibid.:) pl. A^akowaAbN. (S, K.) Slenderness of the neck with bigness of the head. (L, K.) A sighing, or grief, or regret, for something that has past, or escaped one. (K.) Probably formed from the mahmooz word [kaA^obapN]. (TA.) [Perhaps an inf. n.] , occurring in a trad., in which it is forbidden, (TA,) The game called narod; (K;) an appellation given to that game by the people of El-Yemen: (A 'Obeyd, on the authority of Mohammad Ibn-Ketheer; and IAth) or that called $iToranoj: (K:) or a small drum, slender in the middle: (S, K:) accord. to some, (TA,) the musical instrument called barobaT; (K;) as occurring in a trad. of 'Alee, in which a command is given to break the thing thus called. (TA.) ― -b2- Also, i. q. fihorN; (K;) i. e., A small stone, such as fills the hand. (TA.) kwt Short: (K:) or a short and deformed or ill-shapen man. (So in a marginal note in two copies of the S.) kwv , inf. n. takowiyvN, It (growing corn or the like) became composed of four leaves, and of five. (En-Nadr, K.) -A2- kw~v bigaAy^iTihi, inf. n. takowiyvN, He voided his excrement [in form] resembling the heads of hares, or rabbits. (K.) i. q. kaAv~N, [q. v. in art. kv]. (K.) A qafo$, or kind of short boot: (AM, K:) app. an arabicized word. (AM, L.) What is composed of four leaves, and of five: referring to growing corn and the like: n. un. of kawovN. (TA.) -A2- kawovapN, or ↓ kuwvapN, [as in different copies of the K, the latter being the reading in the TA, which mentions kwyvp as another reading,] Abundance of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life; plenty; fruitfulness. (K.) : see kawovapN. Short: like kuwtiY~N [q. v.]. (T.) kwH , [aor. yakuwHu,] inf. n. kawoHN; and ↓ kw~Hhu, and ↓ AkAHhu, and ↓ kAwHhu; He fought with him and overcame him: (K:) so Az, explains kAwHhu, inf. n. mukaAwaHapN: or, accord. to the M, ↓ kAwHhu signifies he fought with him; and kAHh, he overcame him; (TA;) and ↓ kw~Hhu, inf. n. takowiyHN, also has this last signification; (IAar, S, TA;) and so ↓ AkAHhu, inf. n. A_ikaAHapN. (IAar, TA.) See 1. ― -b2- Also kw~Hhu, (inf. n. takowiyHN, TA,) He abased him; rendered him abject; syn. A^a*al~ahu. (K.) ― -b3- It (the nose-rein) rendered him (a camel) submissive, or tractable. (TA.) See 1. ― -b2- Also kAwHhu He reviled him, or vilified him, mutually; and treated him in an open manner (S, K) with opposition or altercation. (TA.) He destroyed him. (T, in this art; and K in art. kyH.) See 1. They two laboured, or strove, each with the other, to do evil, or mischief. (S, K.) and ↓ kiyHN The foot, or base, (EuroD,) of a mountain: (S, K:) [or] its face, or part facing the spectator, above its foot, or base; syn. sanadu jabalK: (S:) or its foot, or base, (ErD) and most rugged part: or its safoH [i. q. EuroD]; and the foot, or base, of its face; syn. safoHu sanadihi: or kiyHN signifies the side (naAHiyap) of a mountain: and any rugged face of a mountain, above its foot, or base: and in some cases, the side of a valley, when it is rugged, but not unless consisting of the hardest and roughest of stones: (As, TA:) pl. of kaAHN, A^akowaAHN; (M;) and (of ↓ kiyHN, TA,) A^akoyaAHN and koyuwHN (K) and kiyaHapN. (As, T.) ― -b2- A^akoyaHu ↓ kiyHN A rough or rugged [foot, or base, or face above the foot or base, &c., of a mountain]; an expression similar to yawomN A^ayowamu; (K, art. kyH;) the latter word being a corroborative; for the sanad of a mountain is called kyH only because of its ruggedness and roughness. (TA.) : see kaAHN. kwx : see kuwxN. , (S, L, K,) a Persian word, (L,) and ↓ kaAxN, (K,) A house [or hut] with a gibbous roof: (L, TA:) a house [or hut] of reeds or canes, (with a gibbous roof, K,) without an aperture for the admission of light: (S, L, K:) any place which a husbandman or a gardener prepares in which to guard his growing corn or his garden: and the people of Marw give the name of ↓ kAx to a pavilion (qaSor) made in a garden or other place: (L:) pl. A^akowaAxN (S, K) and kuwxaAnN and kiyxaAnN and kiwaxapN: (K, TA:) [the last, in the CK, written kuwaxapN]. kwd , (S, K, * &c,) [originally kawida,] first pers. kidotu, accord. to the usage of most of the Arabs, (IKtt,) aor. yakaAdu, (S, K, &c.,) the form used by all the Arabs, (IKtt.) or yakuwdu [is also used, by some of those who make the pret. to be originally kawuda], (Lth,) inf. n. kawodN (Lth, S, M, K, &c) and kaAdN (M, IKtt) and makaAdapN (Lth, S, M, K, &c.) and makaAdN; (Lth, M, K;) and kaAda, originally kawuda, deviating from constant rule, (MF,) first pers. kudotu, (S, IKtt, MF,) in the dial. of the Benoo-'Adee, (MF,) mentioned by Sb as heard from some of the Arabs, (S,) aor. yakaAdu, (IKtt,) deviating from constant rule, (MF,) [and yakuwdu, mentioned above, agreeably with rule;] as also kaAda, (Msb, K, art. kyd,) originally kayida, first pers. kidotu, aor. yakaAdu, (Msb, art. kyd,) inf. n. kayodN; (L, art. kyd;) and kiyda, (S, K, &c.,) a form mentioned by Abu-l-Khattáb to Sb, as used by some of the Arabs, who in like manner said maA ziyla yafoEalu ka*aA, for kaAda and zaAla; (S;) He was near to doing so; he nearly, well nigh, or almost, did so; he wanted but little of doing so; (Akh, S, M, K, &c.;) he purposed, or intended, doing so; (Lth, M, IKtt;) but did it not, [or did it not immediately]. (Akh, S, K, &c.) kaAda is applied to signify the being near to doing a thing whether it be [afterwards] done or not done. (S.) Without a negative, it enunciates the negation of the action; and coupled with a negative, it enunciates the happening of the action. (S, K.) [This will be explained in the course of the following observations.] It is (as Es-Suyootee says in the Itkán) an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb, of which only the pret. and aor. are used. It has a noun as the subject, in the nom. case; and an aor., [generally] without A^ano, as the predicate. (TA.) Sometimes they introduce A^ano after it, likening it to EasaY; as, for ex., in the saying of Ru-beh, qado kaAda mino Tuwli AlbilaY A^ano yamoSaHaA [It had nearly come to nought from length of wear]. (S.) Used affirmatively, it is affirmative of the being near [to doing a thing, &c.]; and used negatively, it is negative thereof. It is a well-known opinion of many, that, used affirmatively, it is negative; and used negatively, it is affirmative: so that kaAda zayodN yafoEalu means [Zeyd was near to doing; but] he did not [or did not immediately]; as is shown by the expression [in the Kur xvii. 75, where A_ino is a contraction of A_in~a,] waA_ino kaAduwA layafotinuwnaka [And verily they were near to seducing thee]: and maA kaAda yafoEalu means [He was not near to doing; but] he did; as is shown by the expression [in the Kur ii. 66,] wamaA kaAduwA yafoEaluwna [And they were not near to doing (it); but they afterwards did (it)]. I'Ab is related to have said, that wherever kaAda and A^akaAdu and yakaAdu occur in the Kur-án, they denote a thing's never happening. Some say, that kaAda [with a negative] denotes an action's happening with difficulty. Some, again, say, that the pret. preceded by a negative is affirmative [of the action &c.]; as is shown by the expression wamaA kaAduwA yafoEaluwna [quoted above]: and that the aor. preceded by a negative is negative; as is shown by the expression [in the Kur xxiv, 40,] lamo yakado yaraAhaA [He is not near to seeing it]; meaning that he sees not anything: [though this phrase is said to bear a different meaning, which see below]. But the correct opinion is the one first mentioned; that, used affirmatively, it is affirmative [of the being near to do a thing &c.]; and used negatively, it is negative [thereof]: so that kaAda yafoEalu signifies He was near to doing; but did not [or did not immediately]: and maA kaAda yafoEalu He was not near to doing; much less did he do [or do immediately]; the denial of the action [or of the immediate performance of the action] being necessarily understood from the denial of the being near to do it. As to the expression in the Kur, wamaA kaAduwA yafoEaluwna [quoted above], it enunciates the state of the people to whom it relates in the beginning of their case; for they were far from sacrificing the cow; and the affirmation of the action is understood only from the [preceding] expression fa*abaHuwhaA. And as to the expression [in the Kur xvii. 76,] laqado kidt~a tarokanu A_ilayohimo [Thou hadst certainly been near to inclining to them], the Prophet's not inclining to them little or much is understood from lawolaA [preceding], which requires this inference. (TA.) [Often, however, or (as some say) generally, with a negative preceding or following it, it is affirmative of the action's happening, but only after difficulty, or delay.] Aboo-Bekr says, that maA kaAda fulaAnN yaquwmu means [Such a one hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, rose; like lamo yakado yaquwmu, and kaAda laA yaquwmu; waqado qaAma being understood; or] he rose after being slow, or tardy: (L:) and accord. to Az and others, maA kidotu A^afoEalu means [I hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, did; or] I did after being slow, or tardy: but sometimes it means I was not near to doing. (Msb, art. kyd.) It is said, that kaAda is sometimes a [mere redundant] connective (Silap) of the members of a sentence; (Kutr, Akh, AHát, K;) as in lamo yakado yaraAhaA [quoted above], meaning, He does not see it: (K:) or this means he is not near to seeing it: or, as some say, he sees it after his having been not near to seeing it by reason of the intenseness of the darkness: [or he hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, sees it:] and Fr says, with reference to the verse in which this phrase occurs, that it is allowable to say lamo yakado yaquwmu [meaning, He hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, rose] when one has risen after difficulty. (TA.) [Thus it appears, that, maA kaAda yafoEalu and lamo yakado yafoEalu sometimes signify He hardly, or scarcely, or tardily, did: and sometimes, he was not near to doing; he never did; he did not at all: so that it may be rendered he hardly or scarcely, or nowise or in nowise or never, did: or he could hardly do, or he could not at all, or could not nearly, or he could nowise or in nowise, do.] ― -b2- As asserts his having heard certain of the Arabs say, laA A^afoEalu *`lika walaA kawodFA [I will not do that, nor will I be near to doing it]. (S.) ― -b3- kaAda also signifies He desired; syn. A^araAda. (Akh, S, K.) So in the verse kaAdato wakidotu watiloka xayoru A_iraAdapK lawo EaAda mino lahowi AlS~abaAbapi maA maDaY [She desired, and I desired; and that were the best of desire, if what hath passed, of the diverting delight of tender love, returned]. (Akh, S.) So, too, in the saying in the Kur [xx. 15,] A^akaAdu A^uxofiyhaA I desire (S, K) to conceal it: or, to manifest it: (Beyd:) for, like as it is allowable to put A^uriydu in the place of A^akaAdu, as in the saying in the Kur [xviii. 76,] jidaArFA yuriydu A^ano yanoqaD~a, so it is to use AkAd [in the place of Aryd]: Akh says, that the words of the verse in question mean I will conceal it, A^uxofiyhaA: and some say, that the meaning is I will manifest it: (TA:) but most hold, that AkAd should here be rendered in its original sense. (MF, TA.) Some of the Arabs make kAd to denote certainty; like Zan~a, which primarily denotes doubt, and secondarily certainty. (L, art. kyd.) ― -b4- Earafa maA yukaAdu minohu [is in like manner explained] He hath become acquainted with that which is desired of him. (S, K.) ― -b5- You say to him who seeks of you a thing, when you do not desire to give him it, laA walaA makaAdapa walaA maham~apa, (Lth, S, * L, K, *) and laA kawodFA walaA ham~FA, and laA makaAdFA walaA maham~FA, (Lth, L,) i. e. laA A^akaAdu walaA A^ahum~u [No, nor do I desire, nor do I purpose, or intend]. (Lth, L, K.) ― -b6- You also say, in the same sense, laA maham~apa liY walaA makaAdapa [I have no purpose or intention, nor any desire]. (S) ― -b7- See also kaAda in art. kyd. kwdA^ See dA^dA^. kw* , inf. n. takowiy*N, It (an A_izaAr [or a wrapper for the lower part of the body and the thighs]) reached to the part called the kaA*ap (L, K) only. (L.) ― -b2- He (a man in the act of concubitus) thrust against the sides of the pubes. (K.) ― -b3- He beat or struck, with a staff, or stick, upon the posteriors, (K,) between the thigh and the hip. (TA.) What surrounds the vulva, of the exterior of the two thighs: (L, K:) or the portion of flesh of the inner side of the thigh; the two together are called the kaA*ataAni: (As, L:) or the flesh of the hinder part of the thigh: (L, K:) or the part of the thigh which is the place that is cauterized in the hinder part of the thigh of the ass; so in a man &c.: (L:) or the kaA*ataAni are two compact portions of flesh in the upper part of each thigh of an ass, the place that is cauterized, between the thigh and the haunch: (T, L:) or the flesh of the outer sides of the two thighs, below the jaAEirataAni; (AHeyth, T, L;) and this is the correct signification: (T, L:) or the prominent flesh in the upper parts of the thigh: (S, L:) pl. kaA*aAtN and [quasi-pl., or coll. gen. n.,] kaA*N. (L.) An A_zaAr [or a wrapper for the lower part of the body and the thighs] reaching to the part called the kaA*ap (L, K) only; or, to the kaA*ataAni, when it is put on. (L.) kwr , (S, A, Msb, *) aor. yakuwru, (S, Msb,) inf. n. kaworN, (S, Msb, K,) He wound round the turban upon his head; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ kw~rhA, inf. n. takowiyrN: (S, A, K:) or the latter has an intensive signification [app. meaning he wound it round many times upon his head; or in many folds]: and hence you say, Al$~aYo'a ↓ kw~r he wound the thing in a round form. (Msb.) -A2- Hence the saying, HaAra baEoda maA kaAra, (Zj, in TA, art. Hwr,) (assumed tropical:) He became in a bad state of affairs after he had been in a good state: or he became in a state of defectiveness after he had been in a state of redundance. (TA, art. Hwr.) See also kaworN, below. -A3- kaAra, (TA,) inf. n. kaworN, (K,) He carried a kaArap, q. v., (K, TA,) upon his back; (TA;) as also ↓ AstkAr. (K, TA.) see 1, in two places. -A2- A_i*aA Al$~amosu kuw~irato, in the Kur [lxxxi. 1,] When the sun shall be wound round [with darkness] like a turban: (AO, S:) or shall be wrapped up and effaced: (AO accord. to the S, or Akh accord. to the TA:) or shall be wrapped up and have its light taken away: (Jel:) or shall have its light collected together and wrapped up like as a turban is wrapped: (TA:) or shall be folded up like as a sijil~ [or scroll] is folded up: (Msb:) or shall lose its light: (Fr, Katádeh, S:) or shall be divested of its light: ('Ikrimeh:) or shall be blinded; syn. Eaw~irato: (I'Ab, S:) or shall pass away and come to nought: or shall be collected together and cast down into the depth below; syn. duhowirato: (both of which are explanations given by Mujáhid:) or shall be cast away. (Er-Rabeea Ibn-Kheythem.) -A3- yukaw~iru A@ll~ayola EalaY A@ln~ahaAri (Kur xxxix. 7) He maketh the night to be a covering upon the day: or He addeth of the night to the day: (S:) or He maketh the night to overtake the day: (TA:) or He bringeth in the night upon the day: (K:) from kaw~ara AlEimaAmapa: all of which meanings are nearly alike. (TA.) -A4- kw~r AlmataAEa, (A, K:) inf. n. takowiyrN, (S,) He collected together the goods and bound or tied them: (S, K:) or he put the goods one upon another. (A.) -A5- TaEanahu fakaw~arahu, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He smote and pierced him [with his spear], and threw him down gathered together, or in a heap. (S, Msb, K. *) ― -b2- Darabaha fakaw~arahu He smote him, and threw him down prostrate: (K, * TA:) [like jaw~arahu:] or kw~rhu signifies he prostrated him, whether he smote him or not. (TA.) He fell upon his side, and drew himself together; syn. taqaT~ara wata$am~ara: (S, K:) or he wrapped himself up, and tucked up his garment, or skirt, or the like; syn. talaf~afa wata$am~ara. (TA.) ― -b2- He fell; fell down. (S, K.) ― -b3- He became prostrated; as also ↓ A_ikotaAra: (K:) or AktAr signifies he prostrated a thing, one part upon another. (TA.) He turbaned himself; attired himself with a turban. (Sgh, K.) -A2- See also 5. see 1, last signification. , (S, Msb,) an inf. n. used as a subst., (Msb,) or ↓ kuwrN, (ISh, T, A,) A turn, or twist, of a turban: (ISh, T, A, Msb:) pl. A^akowaArN. (A, Msb.) You say, AlEimaAmapu Ei$oruwna kuwrFA [The turban is composed of twenty turns], and Ea$arapu A^akowaArK [ten turns]. (A.) -A2- Increase; or redundance. (S, A, Msb.) Hence the saying, naEuw*u biAll~`hi mina AlHawori baEoda Alkawori (S, A, Msb) We have recourse to God for preservation from decrease, or defectiveness, after increase, or redundance: (S, Msb:) or, as it is also related, baEoda Alkawoni, which means the same: or the meaning is, from return to disobedience after obedience: (Msb:) or from return after pursuing a right course. (TA.) See also HaworN. : see kaworN. -A2- A camel's [saddle of the kind called] raHol: (K, TA:) as also ↓ makowarN (K) and ↓ mukowar~N, the latter with damm to the m and teshdeed to the r: (TS, L:] or a raHol with its apparatus: (S, Msb, K:) pronounced by many kaworN; but this is a mistake: (IAth:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akowaArN (S, Msb, K) and A^akowurN, (K,) and (of mult., TA) kiyraAnN (S, Msb, K) and kuwraAnN and kuw^uwrN, which last, says ISd, is extr. as a pl. form of a sing. such as kwr with an infirm letter. (TA.) -A3- A blacksmith's fire-place; (S, * A, Msb;) his majomarap; (K;) constructed of clay: (S, Msb, K: *) and also said to signify the skin [with which he blows his fire]: (Msb, TA:) or this latter is called [only] kiyrN: (A, in the present art.; and S, Msb, K, art. kyr:) an arabicized word. (Msb.) -A4- [A hornets', or bees', nest;] the place, (S, K,) or structure, (TA,) of hornets: (Alz~anaAbiyr, S, K [in the CK, Ald~anaAniyr, which is a mistake:]) or of bees: (accord. to a trad. cited in the TA:) pl. A^akowaArN. (TA.) See also kuwaArapN. A bundle (HaAlN) which a man carries on his back: or a bundle (EikomN) of clothes, put in one piece of cloth [and tied up]: such is that of the qaS~aAr [or beater and washer and whitener of clothes]: (TA:) or the kArp is what is carried on the back, [being a bundle] of clothes: (S:) or what are put together and tied up [in a wrapper] of clothes: (Msb:) or a certain quantity of wheat; (K, TA;) which a man carries on his back: (TA:) pl. kaAraAtN. (A, Msb.) [See also EajalapN.] A province, district, or tract of country; a quarter, or region; syn. SuqoEN: (S, Msb, K:) a mixolaAf [q. v.] of a country; i. e., a qaroyapN [which properly signifies a town or village] of the qurFY of El-Yemen: (M, TA:) [but mxlAf is generally used in the first of the senses here assigned to kwrp:] and also a city: (S, Msb, K:) [or a provincial city: but the first of these significations is the most common, as is implied in the Msb: see also banodN:] pl. kuwarN, (S, Msb, K,) like as gurafN is pl. of gurofapN. (Msb.) IDrd says, I do not think it Arabic. (TA.) [Perhaps from the Greek χῶρα.] and kiwaArapN: see kuwaArapN. , (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ kuw~aArap, (Msb, K,) written in both these ways in the T, in explanation of the word EamiyrapN, (Mgh,) and ↓ kiwaArap, (T, TS, L, K,) and ↓ kiwaAr, (T, TS, L, Msb,) A bee-hive; or habitation of bees; syn. xaliy~apN: (Msb:) or a bee-hive, when made of clay: (El-Ghooree, in Mgh:) or a bee-hive, or habitation of bees, when containing honey: (Msb:) or a thing made for bees, of twigs, (T, Mgh, TS,) or of clay, (TS, K,) or of twigs and clay, accord. to most copies of the K, or of twigs only, accord. to most of the lexicologists, (TA,) like a qiroTaAlap [an asses' pannier], (T, Mgh, TS,) narrow at the head, (T, Mgh, TS, K,) in which they make their honey: (TA:) or the honey of bees in the wax: (S, Msb, K:) or ↓ kuw~aAraAtN [pl. of kuw~aArapN] signifies domestic bee-hives; as also kawaAy^irN. (AHn, K.) [Of the latter pl., it is said in the TA, that ISd holds it to be pl., not of kwArp, but, of kuw~arap: but the passage seems to be corrupt.] : see kuwaArapN. : see kuwrN. and ↓ mikowarapN and ↓ mikowaArapN A turban. (IAar, Sgh, K.) : see kuwrN. : see mikowarN. : see mikowarN. kwz , aor. yakuwzu, (TA,) inf. n. kawozN, (K,) He collected a thing. (K *, TA.) -A2- He drank with a kuwz; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ AktAz. (TA.) They collected themselves together. (Sgh, K.) He ladled it out (namely water, S, A) with a kuwz. (S, A, K.) ― -b2- See also 1. A kind of vessel, (TA,) well-known, (A, K,) [namely, a mug, or drinking-cup,] with a handle: (IAar, TA:) AHn says, that it is a Persian word; but ISd denies this, and asserts it to be genuine Arabic: it is said to be from kaAza “ he collected: ” (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akowaAzN, and [of mult.] kiyzaAnN and kiwazapN. (S, K.) [app. A stand, or a shelf, upon which mugs (kiyzaAn) are placed: see bar~aAdapN]. (Lth, T, art. brd.) A man having a long head. (A, K.) kws , (S, Msb, K,) aor. yakuwsu, inf. n. kawosN, (Msb, TA,) He (a camel) walked upon three legs, (S, Msb, K,) being hamstrung: (S, K:) or raised one of his legs, and jumped upon the rest. (TA.) Thus you say of a quadruped: but when said of another, it means, He went upon one leg. (TA.) -A2- kaAsa, (S, A, TA,) aor. yakuwsu, (S, TA,) inf. n. kawosN, (A, TA,) He (a man) became turned upside down, (S, TA,) head downwards; (S;) as also ↓ tkw~s. (K.) ― -b2- He (a poor man) fell upon his head. (A, * TA.) -A3- kaAsa fulaAnFA, (K,) aor. yakuwsuhu, inf. n. kawosN, (TA,) He prostrated such a one; (K;) as also ↓ AkAshu, (K,) inf. n. A_ikaAsapN; (TA;) which latter verb is the more chaste: (Sgh:) or he threw him down upon his head; as also ↓ kw~shu: (TA:) or this last, which is said of God, (S, A, K,) inf. n. takowiysN, (S, K,) signifies He turned him upside down, (K,) or head downwards, (S,) or upon his head, (A,) fiY Aln~aAri in the fire [of Hell]: (S, A:) and you say also, EalaY raA^osihi ↓ kaw~asotuhu, meaning, I turned him over upon his head. (S.) see 1, in three places. , (K,) inf. n. A_ikaAsapN, (TA,) He made the camel to walk upon three legs, by hamstringing him. (K.) ― -b2- See also 1. see 1. : see kaA^osN. A drum: said to be an arabicized word [from the Persian kuwsN, pronounced “ kós, ” but in Arabic “ koos, ” and applied in the present day to a kettle-drum; accord. to Golius, a kettle-drum that used to be beaten in the camps and palaces of kings]. (S, K.) [The modern pl. is kuwsaAt.] -A2- Hence, A farosax [or parasang, or league, in which sense also it is of Persian origin]: because this is the utmost distance at which may be heard the beating of the kws. (TA.) -A3- Also, A triangular piece of wood with which a carpenter measures the squareness of wood. (Lth, A, * K.) It is [in this sense likewise] a Persian word. (TA.) kwE kwf See Supplement kwkb &c.: see art. kkb. kwm kwn kwY See Supplement kyA^ and kwA^ , first pers. kiy^otu, aor. yakiYo'u, inf. n. kaYo'N and kayoy^apN; (S, K; *) and kaA='a Eanohu, first pers. kuw^otu, aor. yakuwo'u, inf. n. kawo'N and kaA='N and kaA^owN, this last formed by transposition; (K;) He abstained from the thing through timidity: (TA:) or he dreaded the thing, and abstained from it through cowardice: (S, K, TA:) or his eye reverted from the thing, and he desired it not. (TA.) ― -b2- kaA'a Eanohu He retired from him through fear. (TA.) [Accord. to the TA, it seems that ↓ A^akaA='ahu also has this signification.] , inf. n. A_ikaA='N and A_ikaA='apN, He came upon him suddenly, when he (the latter) was about to do a thing, and caused him to abstain from it through fear or cowardice. (K, TA.) But some say that this is correctly A^akaA^ahu; like kataba, inf. n. kitaAbN and kitaAbapN. (TA, art. A^akA^.) ― -b2- See 1. and kaA='apN and ↓ kaYo'N (S, K) and kayoy^apN (K) A weak-hearted, cowardly, man: (K, TA:) like kaE~N and kaAE~N. (S.) and kayoy^apN: see kaA='N. kyt , inf. n. takoyiytN, He stuffed, or filled, a bag or other receptacle for travelling-provisions or for goods or utensils &c. (En-Nawádir, TS, K.) ― -b2- Also, He made his travelling-apparatus light, or easy of conveyance; syn. yas~ara. (S, K.) A poet says, kay~ito jihaAzaka A_im~aA kunota murotaHilFA A_in~iY A^axaAfu EalaY A^a*owaAdika Als~abuEaA [Make thy travelling apparatus light, when thou art departing on a journey; for I fear for thy droves, or troops, of camels, on account of the beast of prey]. (S.) i. q. A^akoyaAsN, [pl. of kay~isN:] (K:) the Rájiz says, gayor A^aEif~aA'i walaA A^akoyaAti [Not such as abstain from things unlawful and unbecoming, nor ingenious, or acute in mind, &c.]. (TA.) See art. s p. 1281 a. Some say, that it it is a word mispronounced: others, that it is formed by the change of s into t, as in the case of Tas~N and TasotN. (TA.) , and kayot wakayoti, (AO, S, K, &c.,) and kyotu wakayotu, (IAth, ISd, IKtt,) i. e. ka*aA waka*aA, [Some of the circumstances of the case were thus and thus; or so and so; or such and such things]. (Lth, K.) The t in kyt is originally p; (S, K:) as in the case of *ayot; these two words being originally kay~ap and *ay~ap: (TA:) or the t in kyt and *yt is substituted for Y: they are originally kay~ap and *ay~ap; and the p is elided, and the Y which is the last radical letter is changed into t: so accord. to AHei; and most of the leading authorities on inflexion assert the same. (MF. voce *ayota.) See *yt. kyd , aor. yakiydu, (S, L, Msb,) inf. n. kayodN (S, L, Msb, K) and makiydapN, (S, L, K,) or the latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ↓ kAydhu, (A,) inf. n. mukaAyadapN; (S;) or this implies reciprocation; (TA;) [and ↓ AktAdhu, which see below. app. signifies the same as kaAdahu like as AixotadaEahu signifies the same as xadaEahu;] He deceived, beguiled, or circumvented, him or he deceived, beguiled, or circumvented, him; and desired to do him a foul, an abominable, or an evil, action, clandestinely, or without his knowing whence it proceeded; i. q. makara bihi (S, L, Msb, K) and xadaEahu: (Msb:) or, accord. to some, mkrbh implies the feigning of the contrary of one's real intentions; whereas kAdh does not: or this latter signifies he did him harm, or mischief; and the former, he did so clandestinely. (MF.) ― -b2- kaAda, aor. yakiydu, (L,) inf. n. kayodN and makiydapN, (L, K,) [or the latter is a simple subst.,] He acted deceitfully, mischievously, or wickedly. (L, K.) ― -b3- Also, inf. n. kayodN, He practised an evasion or elusion, a shift, a wile, an artifice, or artful contrivance or device, a plot, a stratagem, or an expedient; or he exercised art, artifice, cunning, ingenuity, or skill, in the management or ordering of affairs,, with excellent consideration or deliberation, and ability to manage with subtilty according to his own free will; syn. AixotaAla; (L:) and of the inf. n., HiylapN. (L, K.) ― -b4- kaAdahu He taught him Alkayod [i. e., to deceive, beguile, or circumvent, &c., or, to act deceitfully, mischievously, or wickedly; or, to practise modes, or means, of evading or cluding, &c.]. So some explain it in the Kur xii. 76. (TA.) ― -b5- It is said in a trad., maA qawoluka fiY EuquwlK kaAdahaA xaAliquhaA What sayest thou of intellects to which their Creator hath desired to do evil? (L.) So some explain the verb in the Kur xxi. 58. (TA.) ― -b6- yakiyduwna kayodFA waA^akiydu kayodFA [Kur lxxxvi. 16, They practise an artful device, and I will practise an artful device]. kayodu A@ll~`hi lilokuf~aAri [God's practising an artful device towards the unbelievers] means his taking them unawares, so that they do not reckon upon it; bestowing upon them enjoyments in which they delight, and on which they place their reliance, and with which they become familiar so as not to be mindful of death, and then taking them in their most heedless state; A_isotidoraAjuhumo mino Hayovu laA yaEolamuwna. (Zj, L.) ― -b7- kaAda, aor. yakiydu, inf. n. kayodN, He contrived, devised, or plotted, a thing, whether wrong or right. Ex. fulaAnN yakiydu A^amorF maA A^adoriY maA huwa Such a one contrives, devises, or plots, a thing: I know not what it is. (L.) ― -b8- kaAda, aor. yakiydu, He worked, or laboured, at, or upon, anything; he laboured, took pains, applied himself vigorously, exerted himself, strove, or struggled, to do, execute, or perform, or to effect, or accomplish, or to manage, or treat, anything; he laboured, strove, or struggled, with anything, to prevail, or overcome, or to effect an object; syn. EaAlaja. (S, L.) ― -b9- kaAda, inf. n. kayodN, He strove, or laboured; exerted himself, or his power or ability; employed himself vigorously, laboriously, sedulously, or earnestly; was diligent; took extraordinary pains. (L.) -A2- kaAda, inf. n. kayodN, He (a raven or crow) exerted himself in his croaking. (S, K.) -A3- kaAda binafosihi, (K,) aor. yakiydu, (S, L,) inf. n. kayodN, (L,) (tropical:) He gave up his spirit: (S, L, K:) endured distress in giving up the ghost. (A.) ― -b2- kaAda, (K,) inf. n. kayodN, (S, K,) He vomited. (S, K.) ― -b3- kaAda, inf. n. kayodN, It (a zanod) emitted fire. (L, K.) ― -b4- kaAdato, (L, K,) aor. takiydu, inf. n. kayodN, (L,) She had the menstrual flux. (L, K.) -A4- laA A^afoEalu *`lika walaA kayodFA walaA ham~FA I will not do that, nor do I desire, nor do I purpose, or intend. (K, * TA.) See kaAda in art. kwd. -A5- kaAda yafoEalu ka*aA, (L. Msb, K,) originally kayida, first pers. kidotu, aor. yakaAdu; (L, Msb;) and kiyda: (L, K:) see art. kwd. [It is mentioned in arts. kwd and kyd in the L, K: in the former only in the S: and in the latter only in the Msb.] see 1. (L, K) They two deceive, beguile, or circumvent, each other; or do so, each desiring to do to the other a foul, abominable, or evil, action clandestinely. (TK.) See 1. You should not say yatakaAwadaAni. (L, K.) is of the measure AfotaEala from Alkayodu; (K;) and AktAdhu signifies A_HotaAlahu [or rather A_iHotaAla Ealayohi]. (TK.) See 1. : see 1. ― -b2- (tropical:) War: (S, K:) so called because of the stratagems employed therein. (TA.) One says, gazaA fulaAnN falamo yaloqa kayodFA (tropical:) Such a one went on a hostile expedition and found not war: (S, L:) i. e., did not fight. (A.) ― -b3- kayodN *aAtu gadorK (tropical:) A war characterized by perfidy. kyd is here made fem. because meaning HarobN. (L, from a trad.) -A2- kayodN Vomit. (S, * L, K. *) balaEa Alkayoda. He swallowed vomit. (L, from a trad.) : see 1. ― -b2- As a simple subst., Deceit, guile, or circumvention, and desire to do a foul, an abominable, or an evil, action, to another clandestinely: (Msb:) [and an evasion, or elusion, a shift, a wile, an artifice, &c.: see 1 as intrans.:] pl. makaAy^idu. (A.) kyr [A blacksmith's bellows;] a blacksmith's [skin, of the kind called] ziq~, into which he blows: (Mgh, K:) or a blacksmith's skin (ziq~), with which he blows [his fire]: (Msb:) also, (Msb,) composed of a thick skin (jilod, S, Msb, or ziq~, S), with HaAfaAt [or edges, forming a wide mouth, which being opened and closed by means of two pieces of wood to which the edges are sewed, the skin becomes filled with air, which is then forced out through a pipe at the end opposite the mouth: such, at least, is the most common kind of bellows used by the Arabs of the present day with which I am acquainted]: but the thing constructed of clay [in which the blacksmith kindles his fire] is called kuwrN: (S, Msb:) so ISk says he heard AA say: (Msb:) [but see kuwrN: and see a verse cited in the last paragraph of art. Ewr:] the pl. [of pauc.] is A^akoyaArN, and [of mult.] kiyarapN (Msb, K) and kiyraAnN; (K;) the last on the authority of Th; but doubtful; for it is not known in the lexicons, and is [properly] pl. of kuwrN. (TA.) kys , aor. yakiysu, (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. kayosN (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and kiyaAsapN (S, A, K) and kuwsaY, with w put in the place of Y, [originally kuyosaY,] (Seer [mentioned by him as syn. with kayosN]) He (a boy, S [but often said of a man also,]) was, or became, acute, or sharp, or quick, in intellect; shrewd; clever; ingenious; skilful; knowing; intelligent: kayosN being the contr. of HumoqN; (S, A, K;) and i. q. ZarofN, (Mgh, Msb,) and xiq~apN, and tawaq~udN, (TA,) and fiTonapN, (Msb, TA,) and fiqohN, (TA,) and EaqolN. (IAar, A, Msb, K.) ― -b2- kaAsa fiY AlA^amori, aor. yakiysu, (A, TA,) inf. n. kayosN; (Mgh, TA;) and ↓ tky~s; and ↓ tkAys; (A, TA;) He acted gently, (TA,) or with good gentleness or moderation or calmness, (Mgh,) in the affair. (Mgh, TA.) -A2- kaAsahu, aor. yakiysuhu, (S, * K,) inf. n. kayosN, (A, TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, (S, A, K,) in kiyaAsap (A, K) or kayos (A, Nh) [i. e. acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect; &c.: see above]. So in the following words of a trad., (K,) said by the prophet to Jábir Ibn-'Abd-Allah El-Ansáree, (TA,) A^ataraAniY A_in~amaA kisotuka liA=xu*a jamalaka laka Alv~amanu walaka Aljamalu [Dost thou think me to have only overcome thee in acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, &c., in order that I might take thy camel? Thine be the price, and thine be the camel]: (K, * TA:) or, according to another relation, xu*o jamalaka wamaAlaka [Take thou thy camel and thy property]: and accord. to another, A_in~amaA maA kasotuka [that I have only acted in a niggardly manner with thee], from AlmikaAsu. (TA.) ― -b2- kayisa, [aor. yakoyasu,] inf. n. kayasN, is also mentioned by IKtt as a dial. form of kaAsa in the sense of He overcame or surpassed [in acuteness &c.] (TA.) , (K,) inf. n. takoyiysN, (TA,) He (God, TK) made him acute or sharp or quick in intellect; shrewd; clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent; (K, TA;) and well educated, or well bred. (TA.) , (S, A, K,) inf. n. mukaAyasapN, (TA), He vied, or contended, with him in kayos [i. e. acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect; &c.: see 1]. (K.) You say, kaAyasotuhu fakisotuhu [I vied, or contended, with him in acuteness, &c., and] I overcame, or surpassed, him (S, A) [therein, i. e.] in kayos. (A.) And kaAyasahu fiY AlbayoEi (S, A) [He vied, or contended, with him in acuteness, &c., in selling; as seems to be indicated in the S: or] he jested, or joked, with him (laAgaAhu) in selling. (A, TA.) He (a man, S) had born to him children acute or sharp or quick in intellect; shrewd; clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent: (S, K:) or he begot a child acute &c. (IKtt.) And A^akoyasato and A^akaAsato She brought forth children acute &c. (A.) A poet says, falawo kunotumo limikoyasapK A^akaAsato wakayosu AlA^um~i yuEorafu fiY AlbaniynaA [But if ye belonged to one who most generally brought forth children acute in intellect, she had brought forth such children; for the acuteness of intellect of the mother is known in the sons]. (S.) He affected acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, shrewdness, cleverness, ingeniousness, skilfulness, knowledge, or intelligence: [see taEaq~ala:] or did so, not having it: syn. taZar~afa: (S, K, TA:) he feigned, or made a show of, kayos [i. e. acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect; &c.]. (TA.) ― -b2- See also 1. see 1. : see 1: -A2- and see also kay~isN. [A purse;] a well known receptacle; (TA;) a thing made of pieces of rag sewed together; (Msb;) for money, (S, K, TA,) and for pearls and sapphires: (TA:) [so called] because it comprises them: (K, TA:) [a remark that seems to indicate a signification of kaAsa or some other word from the same root which I do not find elsewhere pointed out: but the more probable derivation is from the Persian kiysaho:] that which is tied up, of leather, and of pieces of rag, is not called thus, but is called xariyTapN: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] A^akoyaAsN (S, Msb, K) and kiyasapN. (K.) ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) (tropical:) The membrane that encloses a child in the womb; syn. ma$iymapN. (K, TA.) ― -b3- [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) The scrotum.] (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ kayosN, (TA,) [like hiy~inN and hayonN, &c.,] Acute, or sharp, or quick, in intellect; clever; ingenious; skilful; knowing; intelligent: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) fem. kay~isapN: (S, A:) and ↓ kiysaY, applied to a woman, is syn with kay~isapN, and is, as also kuwsaY, [each originally kuyosaY,] fem. of A^akoyasu: (S:) [whence it appears that this last word is accord. to J syn. with kay~isN; i. e., a simple epithet, like its contr. A^aHomaqu: but it has another signification, for which see below:] or, accord. to Kr, kiysaY and kuwsaY are pls. of kay~isapN; and there are no similar instances except DiyqaY and DuwqaY, pls. of Day~iqapN, and TuwbaY, pl. of Tay~ibapN: but ISd holds them to be fems. of the measure A^afoEalu: (TA: [see DuwqaY in art. Dyq:]) the pl. of kay~isN is A^akoyaAsN (A, Mgh, Msb, TA) and kayosaYi, (A, K, TA [in the CK, erroneously, kiysY,]) like HamoqaY, (A,) having this latter form in order that it may resemble its contr., HamoqaY: (TA:) and kiyaAsN is pl. of kay~isapN, (A, TA,) [and A^akaAyiysu is app. pl. of kiyaAsN: see an ex. voce Ti$~apN.] You also say, ↓ rajulN kay~isN mukay~asN, meaning, A man acute or sharp or quick in intellect, &c.: (S:) or [acute &c., and] described as being so; or having the attribute of kayos ascribed to him: (A:) or ↓ rajulN mukay~asN signifies, as also kay~isN, a man known as possessing kayos [or acuteness &c.]. (TA.) And A_imoraA^apN kay~isapN A woman well educated, or well bred. (TA.) And rajulN kay~isu AlfiEol A man good in action or conduct. (TA.) And banaY daArFA kay~isapF (A) (tropical:) He built an elegant house; syn. ZariyfapF. (TA.) [The dim. kuway~isN, more properly kuyay~isN or kiyay~isN, is much used in the present day as signifying (tropical:) Elegant, pretty, or beautiful.] : see A^akoyasu: and kay~isN, in two places. : see A^akoyasu: and kay~isN, in two places. (tropical:) a proper name for Perfidy; (IAar, S, A, K;) as also A^abuw kayosaAna: (IAar:) of the dial. of Teiyi: and derived from kayosN. (Kr.) You say, rakiba kayosaAna (tropical:) He acted perfidiously. (A.) [More, and most, acute or sharp or quick in intellect; more, and most, shrewd, clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent]: (Lth, ISd, A:) fem. kiysaY (ISd) and kuwsaY: (Lth, ISd:) [in the CK, and in a MS. copy of the K, and in the text of the K as given in the TA, kiysaY and kuwsaY, each of which is originally kuyosaY, are said to be fems. of A^akowasu; but this is evidently a mistake for A^akoyasu:] pl. kuwsN, [originally kuyosN,] which is applied to women, [as well as men,] and kuwsayaAtN, which is applied to women only. (Lth.) You say, h`*aA AlA^akoyasu [This is the more, or most, acute &c.]. (Lth.) And A^aY~u Almuw^ominiyna A^akoyasu Which of the believers is the most intelligent? (TA.) And it is said in a proverb, A^akoyasu mino qi$~apK (A) [(tropical:) More acute &c. than] a little female ape or monkey. (TA, art. q$.) And in a trad., A^akoyasu Alkayosi Alt~uqaY waA^aHomaqu AlHumoqi Alfujuwru (tropical:) [The most acute of acuteness is piety, and the most foolish of foolishness, or the most stupid of stupidness, is vice]. (A.) ― -b2- See also kay~isN. A woman who brings forth children acute or sharp or quick in intellect; shrewd, clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent: (TA:) and ↓ mikoyaAsN, who does so usually; contr. of miHomaAqN: (A:) [and ↓ mikoyasapN, who does so most generally: see an ex. of this under 4.] : see mukiysapN and 4. : see kay~isN. : see mukiysapN. kyS kyf kyl kyn See Supplement