Changes in version 2.2.1-alpha (21 May 2023) Libevent 2.2.1-alpha includes a number of new features and performance improvements. The log below tries to organize them by rough area of effect. This release contains around 1000 patches (without merges) with 151 new contributors! This changelog omits some commits which were pure bugfixes on other commits listed below. typos, some minor CI changes and similar things. Some keywords highlights of this major release: - wepoll backend (by Nick Grifka) - signalfd backend (by Dmitry Antipov) - DNS over TCP for evdns (by ayuseleznev) - websockets layer (by Dmitry Ilyin) - "prepare" and "check" watchers (by Dan Rosen) - MbedTLS support (okhowang) - unix domain sockets for HTTP - cmake over autotools/automake - extensive CI For more detail, see the git changelogs. For more insight, see the "whatsnew-2.2.txt" document included in the Libevent 2.2.1-alpha distribution. SSL layer gains MbedTLS support, and had been tested with LibreSSL too. And of course with OpenSSL 1.1/3.0. From now on, the autotools is considered as deprecated, and you should use cmake instead. And now we are using github actions for CI, previously we had travis-ci for linux/macos and appveyor for win32 (removed in #951), and also I used testing vagrant for some time, but it had been moved into a separate repository (8c1838be). But actually this is not required anymore since github actions supports: - linux - freebsd - windows - macos - openbsd - and also tests under Thread/Address/Undefined sanitizers Now documentation is automatically deployed to https://libevent.org/doc/ CI: o Merge branch 'github-actions-v2' (#951) (0b6f29ac yuangongji, Azat Khuzhin) o ci: add CIFuzz Github action (#1382) (d8ecb88f DavidKorczynski) o Add CI checks for OpenBSD (#1326) (45c66e48 neil) o ci/linux: add dist check (512c88ce Azat Khuzhin) o Add API/ABI checker (using LVC) (735c891e, 448a478a, 889ad6d6, 15917b42, 1cea01d6 yuangongji, Azat Khuzhin) o Merge branch 'tests-under-sanitizers' (d5aa783b Azat Khuzhin) o Rework CI to keep everything in one workflow (by using reusable workflow) (587f26fb Azat Khuzhin) Samples: o sample/https-client: use host SSL certificate store by default (e139cbac David Disseldorp) o Improvements for internal http-server (9a4b8ec1 Azat Khuzhin) o sample: add https-client-mbedtls (#1098) (b45a02ef okhowang(王沛文)) o http-server: add cli argument for max body size (852af060 Azat Khuzhin) o New utility becat (analog of ncat but uses bufferevents, useful for testing) (d5b24cc0 Azat Khuzhin) o https-client: add -4/-6 switches (67180f8c Azat Khuzhin) SSL: o Mbed-TLS support (#1028) (0e339b04 Jesse Fang, okhowang(王沛文), Azat Khuzhin) o Introduce new BUFFEREVENT_SSL_BATCH_WRITE flag to avoid Nagle effect in SSL (a490172d Azat Khuzhin) o Do not try to do SSL handshake if the connect() fails (59e31c96 Azat Khuzhin) o Support disabled renegotiation in mbedTLS (f02fa339 Azat Khuzhin) o Merge branch 'mbedtls-3' (#1299) (20977eae William Marlow, Azat Khuzhin) o Initial OpenSSL 3.0 support (#1288) (69e9f7ee William Marlow, Azat Khuzhin) o More SSL_read() to fill big buffer (ef51444f Thuan Tran) o Make bufferevent_set_max_single_read() effect (4ab3242d Thuan Tran) SSL bugfixes: o Explicitly call SSL_clear when reseting the fd. (#498) (c6c74ce2 David Benjamin) o fix handling of close_notify (ssl) in http with openssl bufferevents (da3f2ba2 Azat Khuzhin) o be_openssl: avoid leaking of SSL structure (acf09c00 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix ssl/bufferevent_wm_filter when bev does not reach watermark on break (9d93fbe7 Azat Khuzhin) o Don't loose top error in SSL (a30d6d85 Yury Korzhetsky) o Use heap-bases contexts for MbedTLS handles (#1355) (285fc7cc Dmitry Ilyin) o Deal with partial writes on SSL write (fc568ff0 zhenhaonong) o Avoid EOF in rare (or not that rare) cases - #1451 (e8cbe7b6 Azat Khuzhin) HTTP (evhttp): o http: add callback to allow server to decline (and thereby close) incoming connections. (727bcea1 John Fremlin) o Add evhttp_parse_query_str_flags() (26ef859a Azat Khuzhin) o http: implement separate timeouts for read/write/connect phase (5ee507c8 Azat Khuzhin) o http: add WebDAV methods support (#789) (68eb526d Alexander Drozdov) o Added http method extending (c80f6be1 Thomas Bernard) o Make http-connect workth with pproxy (462f2e97 Azat Khuzhin) o Add callback support for error pages (02905413 nntrab) o Added evhttp max simultaneous connection limiting (#592) (7426a568 Joseph Coffland, Azat Khuzhin) o http: add EVHTTP_URI_HOST_STRIP_BRACKETS (67180f8c Azat Khuzhin) o http: eliminate redundant bev fd manipulating and caching (afa66ea4 Azat Khuzhin) o http: support unix domain sockets (f446229b Sean Young) o Add more HTTP_ response codes (05a03d4a Dmitry Ilyin) o evhttp_bound_set_bevcb() (77a9b60e Leon M. George, Azat Khuzhin) o Add minimal WebSocket server implementation for evhttp (#1322) (e8313084 Dmitry Ilyin) HTTP bugfixes (evhttp): o Fix crashing http server when callback do not reply in place (5ff8eb26 Azat Khuzhin) o Do not crash when evhttp_send_reply_start() is called after a timeout. (99d0a952 Andreas Gustafsson) o Allow bodies for GET/DELETE/OPTIONS/CONNECT (db483e3b Azat Khuzhin) o Fix crashing http server when callback do not reply in place from *gencb* (306747e5 Azat Khuzhin) o CONNECT method only takes an authority (65eb529a Greg Hazel) o http: fix leaks in evhttp_uriencode() (61c21492 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix evhttp_connection_get_addr() for incoming http connections (367cd9e5 Greg Hazel, e4edc7fc Azat Khuzhin) o Improve request line parsing (0ec12bc8 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix conceivable UAF of the bufferevent in evhttp_connection_free() (5dc88b38 Azat Khuzhin) o http: fix connection retries when there more then one request for connection (f3f7aa5a Azat Khuzhin) o http: Preserve socket error from listen across closesocket cleanup (28d7221b Luke Dashjr) o http: try to read existing data in buffer under EVHTTP_CON_READ_ON_WRITE_ERROR (7bfe9388 Azat Khuzhin) o http: avoid use of uninitialized value for AF_UNIX/AF_LOCAL sockaddr (76eded24 Azat Khuzhin) o http: make sure the other fields in ext_method are not changed by the callback (1c78451f yuangongji) o http: fix EVHTTP_CON_AUTOFREE in case of connection error (083c6d54 Azat Khuzhin) o http: fix EVHTTP_CON_AUTOFREE in case of timeout (and some else) (eee26dee Azat Khuzhin) o Check error code of evhttp_add_header_internal() in evhttp_parse_query_impl() (4528d8e9 Azat Khuzhin) o http: fix undefined-shift in EVUTIL_IS*_ helpers (37dbb350 Azat Khuzhin) o http: fix invalid unsigned arithmetic (#1134) (d13b7bbf ihsinme) o Fix the value is never actually read from 'argument' in evhttp_parse_query_impl() (#1424) (3bcc92cf Cœur) DNS (evdns): o evdns: handle NULL filename explicitly (3e6553a1 Bogdan Harjoc) o Added DNS header mask definitions. (fb134939 Nathan French) o evdns: add DNS_OPTION_NAMESERVERS_NO_DEFAULT/EVDNS_BASE_NAMESERVERS_NO_DEFAULT (e5b8f4c1 Azat Khuzhin) o evdns: add new options -- so-rcvbuf/so-sndbuf (538141eb Azat Khuzhin) o evdns: Add additional validation for values of dns options (#1018) (8fe35c76 ayuseleznev) o DNS over TCP (#1004) (028842aa ayuseleznev, Azat Khuzhin) o evdns: Add support for setting maximum UDP DNS message size. (#1032) (83c58d49 seleznevae) o evdns: add max-probe-timeout/probe-backoff-factor settings (#1128) (617ba838 chux0519) o evdns: add ability to get CNAME (#1154) (19b3fd0b Sergey Matveychuk) o feat: add `evdns_base_get_nameserver_fd` method (#1238) (cd6a41ec Yongsheng Xu) o evdns: integrate deferred_response_callback into evdns_request (#1367) (8800b17a mkm) o Allow evdns_base_new to succeed with no nameservers configured (#1389) (3d138bda Daniel Kempenich) DNS bugfixes (evdns): o evdns: fix race condition in evdns_getaddrinfo() (ee12c516 Sergey Fionov, Sergey Fionov) o evdns: fix lock/unlock mismatch in evdns_close_server_port() (8701d0d3 zhuizhuhaomeng) o Fix checking return value of the evdns_base_resolv_conf_parse() (c3f35345 Azat Khuzhin) o evdns: fix a crash when evdns_base with waiting requests is freed (#962) (4da9f87c ayuseleznev) o recreate socket when udp failed (#1031) (efbe563b okhowang(王沛文)) o evdns: do not pass NULL to memcpy() in evdns_server_request_format_response() (c424594b Azat Khuzhin) o evdns: fix "Branch condition evaluates to a garbage value" in reply_parse (#1423) (e96e98ae Cœur) RPC (evrpc): o evrpc: avoid NULL dereference on request is not EVHTTP_REQ_POST (8483c535 Azat Khuzhin) Core (events, buffers, utils, threads): o Return from event_del() after the last event callback termination (0b4b0efd José Luis Millán, 5ff83989 Azat Khuzhin) o Add convenience macros for user-triggered events (d2acf67e Philip Prindeville) o Filter link-local IPv4 addresses in evutil_found_ifaddr() (b2667b76 Azat Khuzhin) o assert that fds are nonblocking in debug mode (9d3a415a, 6f988ee1 Greg Hazel, Azat Khuzhin) o buffer: make evbuffer_prepend() of zero-length array no-op (c4fbae3a Azat Khuzhin) o Add support for EV_TIMEOUT to event_base_active_by_fd (62df1301 John Ohl) o Maximum evbuffer read configuration (8c2001e9 Azat Khuzhin) o evwatch: Add "prepare" and "check" watchers. (#793) (2f184f8b, 1cd8830d Dan Rosen) o evutil: implement socketpair with unix domain socket on Win10 (#913) (dda8968c, 1ba94bdf yuangongji) o Add support for priority inheritance (#934) (f76456b0 Andre Pereira Azevedo Pinto, 972289f3 Azat Khuzhin) o evutil_time: Implements usleep() using wait function on Windows (#939) (6412f34f yuangongji) o Add EVENT_BASE_FLAG_EPOLL_DISALLOW_TIMERFD flag (fixes: #958) (9a9b92ed Azat Khuzhin) o evutil_time: improve evutil_gettimeofday on Windows (#1003) (f0b3160f Nick Grifka) o Support EV_CLOSED on linux for poll(2) (4c13afae Azat Khuzhin) o Add wepoll support to light up the epoll backend on Windows (#1006) (83ef3216 Nick Grifka, 45c3fc29 fanquake) o Convert from WinCrypt to Windows BCrypt (eb7bed03 Gerry Garvey) o Merge #1176 - make evthread_use_pthreads() a MT-Safe function (3d48c756 moonlightsh) o buffer: do not round up allocation for reference-type chain objects (#1203) (b926af26 Pierce Lopez) o Add check of mmap64 function and use it when available rather that mmap (#1320) (99fd68ab Dmitry Ilyin) o Make rekey interval less predictable (#1331) (bb41229f Keelan Cannoo) o epoll: use epoll_pwait2() if available (117ee9a0 Dmitry Antipov) o signal: new signal handling backend based on signalfd (#1342) (1af745d0 Dmitry Antipov) o Exclude arc4random_buf implementation if it's already present in the platform (#1375) (7a18af8c Srivatsan Iyer) o buffer: use pread() for evbuffer_file_segment_materialize() (#1392) (0b79a002 Dmitry Antipov) Core bugfixes (events, buffers, utils): o Fix wrong assert in evbuffer_drain() (b26996a0 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix race in access to ev_res from event loop with event_active() (27934f0b James Synge) o If precise_time is false, we should not set EVENT_BASE_FLAG_PRECISE_TIMER (6cce7458 yongqing.jiao) o buffer: fix incorrect unlock of the buffer mutex (for deferred callbacks) (93913da1 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix base unlocking in event_del() if event_base_set() runned in another thread (08a0d366 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix assert() condition in evbuffer_drain() for IOCP (ab3224c3 SuckShit) o Notify event base if there are no more events, so it can exit without delay (23c2914f Azat Khuzhin) o Do not loose ET flag in case of multiple events for the same fd added (33053cdd Isidor Kouvelas, Azat Khuzhin) o IOCP fixes (to make it possible to work with HTTP layer) (3d815cf2 Azat Khuzhin) o Add error-handling routine for arc4_seed() #769 (8d5b14d4 Seong-Joong Kim) o buffer: fix evbuffer_remove_buffer() with empty chain in front (fdfabbec Azat Khuzhin) o buffer: do not rely on ->off in advance_last_with_data() (5b19c9f6 Azat Khuzhin) o Protect min_heap_push_ against integer overflow. (176fd566 Tobias Stoeckmann) o Prevent endless loop in evmap_make_space (#804) (c6becb26 Tobias Stoeckmann) o Prevent integer overflow in kq_build_changes_list. (#811) (cf8acae3 Tobias Stoeckmann) o kqueue: Avoid undefined behaviour. (2707a4ff Tobias Stoeckmann) o evbuffer: fix last_with_datap after prepend with empty chain (401bd1c0 Azat Khuzhin) o evutil: set the have_checked_interfaces in evutil_check_interfaces() (0de2b145 jeremyerb) o buffer: fix possible NULL dereference in evbuffer_setcb() on ENOMEM (#856) (bdcade47 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix memory corruption in EV_CLOSURE_EVENT_FINALIZE with debug enabled (#885) (445027a5 Jan Kasiak) o arc4random: replace sysctl() with getrandom (on linux) (86f55b04, 194a5d82 Azat Khuzhin) o evutil_time: detect and use _gmtime64_s()/_gmtime64() (#898) (148d12ad yuangongji) o evbuffer_add_file: fix freeing of segment in the error path (4727150a Azat Khuzhin) o Parse IPv6 scope IDs. (#923) (9fecb59a Philip Homburg) o event_base_once: fix potential null pointer threat (#956) (968bbd5c chenguolong) o increase segment refcnt only if evbuffer_add_file_segment() succeeds (#964) (114b3836 yuangongji) o Avoid triggering wrong events with EV_ET set (9543f31a Azat Khuzhin) o epoll: handle EV_ET for EV_CLOSED too (e703c034 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix EV_CLOSED detection/reporting (epoll only) (972b456b Azat Khuzhin) o There is typo in GetAdaptersAddresses windows library. It should be iphlpapi.dll (#1012) (61fc2bf2 Aleksandr-Melnikov) o buffer: do not pass NULL to memcpy() from evbuffer_pullup() (a0c642ac Azat Khuzhin) o Fix leaks of signal handlers for select/poll backends (f6bfa8b3 Azat Khuzhin) o Handle return value from getrandom() (#1070) (efa57159 Gerry Garvey) o Retry write on EINTR in signal handler (#1158) (4f8a6144 Mike Sharov) o Properly initialize sockaddr length on systems with sin_len. (#1177) (5c0e75c3 Tobias Heider) o buffer: fix CreateFileMapping() leak from evbuffer_add_file() (6f139b87 Azat Khuzhin) o evutil: Fix evutil_freeaddrinfo (#1223) (9a38bc5f Tomas Gonzalez) o Fix socketpair failure when temporary directory has non-latin character (f8bb9d84 zhenhaonong) o fix: arc4_getword integer overflow, detected by -fsanitize=undefined (b5b4c7fe jackerli(李剑)) o fixed missing check for null after strdup in evutil_inet_pton_scope (#1366) (ff99f67a Michael Madsen) o Optimize arc4random_uniform() (by syncing with OpenBSD implementation) (#1422) (557990ca Cœur) o Always have evutil_secure_rng_add_bytes available (#1427) (4e6375e8 Kurt Roeckx) Bufferevent: o Adjust evbuffer max read for bufferevents (5357c3d6 Azat Khuzhin) o Implement bufferevent_socket_connect_hostname_hints() (5e137f37 Joseph Spadavecchia) o bufferevent: allow setting priority on socket and openssl type (#1011) (bdc5200a Nicolas J. Bouliane) Bufferevent bugfixes: o Remove check against passed bufferevent in bufferevent_socket_connect() (a10a6f4e Ivan Maidanski, Azat Khuzhin) o Call underlying bev ctrl GET_FD on filtered bufferevents (40550814 Greg Hazel) o Fix timeout resets for filters (4ba48739 Greg Hazel) o bufferevent_socket_connect{,_hostname}() missing event callback and use ret code (f7bc1337 Jesse Fang) o Fix hangs due to watermarks overruns in bufferevents implementations (878bb2d3 Azat Khuzhin) o Simplify bufferevent timeout tests to reduce CPU usage in between start/compare (6ac8e775 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix leaks in error path of the bufferevent_init_common_() (6995b9a8 Azat Khuzhin) o Check return value of evbuffer_remove() in bufferevent_read() (#1133) (bc25889f lilei) Listeners: o Immediately stop trying to accept more connections if listener disabled (416b48ba John Fremlin, Azat Khuzhin) o listener: ipv6only socket bind support (387d91f9 Murat Demirten) o listener: Preserve last error in evconnlistener_new_bind() before close (#1269) (d96457e1 kenping) o Add LEV_OPT_BIND_IPV4_AND_IPV6 flag (#1400) (f9134df7 Edoardo Lolletti) Listeners bugfixes: o Fix evconnlistener_free() closes already established connections (bc65ffc1 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix deadlock in case of evconnlistener_disable() in parallel with callback (#1226) (12cedc8a moonlightsh) Docs: o Move list of contributors into separate file (56c9551e Sayan Nandan) o doc: cmake command on Windows (b002f04f yuangongji (A)) o Deploy documentation to https://libevent.org/doc/ (05467445 Azat Khuzhin) o Doxygen documentation improvements (620a3fa1, 1d1c1909, f9c6a14e yuangongji) o Add vcpkg installation instructions (#953) (ec775a96 JackBoosY) o Remove man pages from repo (they can be generated via doxygen) (31a5cfd3 Azat Khuzhin) o Various documentation improvements (#842) (cdeb3242 yuangongji) o Merge pull request #1441 from fanquake/autoconf_doc_updates (612a74c7 fanquake) Tests: o test: fix 32bit linux regress (#554) (63c4bf78 Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón) o test: avoid regress hanging in macOS (#757) (a86f89d3 Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón) o Avoid possible SEGVs in select() (in unit tests) (33baa4e5 Philip Prindeville) o Introduce TT_RETRIABLE (4d2f013b Azat Khuzhin) o test-ratelim: calculate timers bias (for slow CPUs) to avoid false-positive (8a348699 Azat Khuzhin) o Merge branch 'osx-clock' (a6f81aa4 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix some OpenSSL 3 test issues (#1291) (29032da6 Peter Edwards) Fixes for various OS: o Enable kqueue for APPLE targets (#849) (0d7d85c2 Keith Smiley) o Enable _GNU_SOURCE for Android (#850) (41c95abb Keith Smiley) o Fix compat with NetBSD >= 10 (#909) (72e6eff0 Kamil Rytarowski) o RTEMS has no SA_RESTART (#1172) (73ca1801 Michael Davidsaver) Build fixes: o Include openssl-compat.h into dist archive (7bc822ca Azat Khuzhin) o Unbreak build with LibreSSL after openssl 1.1 support added (d057c45e Jan Beich) o Fix RPATH for APPLE (cc0e04d7 Trond Norbye) o Fixes for ERR_remove_*state() (98faf198 Pierce Lopez) o Various cmake fixes (65870949 Shuo Chen) o cmake: autotools compatibility (5aade2d3, 489991a2, 882f537c, 8348b413 Marek Sebera, Azat Khuzhin) o Fixes win32 builds after some previous patches (d84f0205 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix arc4random_addrandom() detecting and fallback (regression) (266f43af Azat Khuzhin) o Add missing print-winsock-errors.c into dist archive (8d89c212 Azat Khuzhin) o Fix visibility issues (mostly on win32) (fb866645, ce3af533, cd285e42 Azat Khuzhin) o Add configure check for midipix (94e5cc84 Redfoxmoon) o autotools: pass $(OPENSSL_INCS) for samples (FTBFS macOS) (0ec5edde Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón) o autotools: confirm openssl is working before using (506df426 Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón) o Port `event_rpcgen.py` and `test/check-dumpevents.py` to Python 3. (8b0aa7b3 Kiyoshi Aman) o Fix generation of LibeventConfig.cmake for the installation tree (#576) (6ee73ea9 Andrey Okoshkin) o Provide Makefile variables LIBEVENT_{CFLAGS,CPPFLAGS,LDFLAGS} (1a448088 stenn) o Fix build with LibreSSL 2.7 (28b80754 Bernard Spil) o cmake: ensure windows dll's are installed as well as lib files (0fa43c99 Philip Herron) o Fix out-of-tree builds (a5f19422 Cristian Morales Vega) o config.h can't be prefixed unconditionally (587e9f58 Philip Prindeville) o Define __EXT_POSIX2 for QNX (99a3887d Maya Rashish) o libevent.pc: link against core/extra (731469b3 Mike Frysinger) o Merge branch 'win32-visibility-event_debug_logging_mask_' (fb866645, cd285e42 Azat Khuzhin) o cmake: introduce EVENT__LIBRARY_TYPE option (c9a073ea Azat Khuzhin) o cmake: do not build both (SHARED and STATIC) for MSVC/win32 (90d80ef4 Azat Khuzhin) o cmake: support static runtime (MSVC) (246f4404 Azat Khuzhin) o Eliminate fd conversion warnings and introduce EVUTIL_INVALID_SOCKET (windows) (b29207dc Azat Khuzhin) o Define `_GNU_SOURCE` properly/consistently per autoconf (5f87be42 Enji Cooper) o Fixes for uchex static analyzer (da33f768 Azat Khuzhin) o cmake: add missing autotools targets (doxygen, uninstall, event_rpcgen.py) (7201062f yuangongji) o cmake: set library names to be the same as with autotools (669a53f3 yuangongji) o cmake: install shared library only if it was requested (55d1e20e Azat Khuzhin) o Added uninstall target check to cmakelists (#948) (f0e79baf Dimo Markov) o Build doxygen documentation via cmake (to fill variables) (095c8ae1 Azat Khuzhin) o Merge #929 -- cmake package improvements (8be8ac46 yuangongji) o cmake: do not link libevent with libevent_core (#1123) (657e1806 Loïc Yhuel) o cmake: Fix generted pkgconfig files. (#1165) (1fe8b3d6 Biswapriyo Nath) o cmake: don't override CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES. (#1166) (087bbc57 Paweł Wegner) o CheckWorkingKqueue.cmake: fix missing headers (#1225) (89505f85 Christopher Chavez) o cmake: Fix Android build. (8f47d8de Ryan Pavlik) o cmake: do influence CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX of the outer project (if any) (650d8619 Azat Khuzhin) o cmake: remove redundant _GNU_SOURCE definition (82af0ea4 Azat Khuzhin) o Various autotools build improvements (#1171) (6d800fd6 fanquake) o Require libevent_core not libevent for pkg-config (#1257) (66861f88 moonlightsh) o -Werror fixes andCI (#1297) (7aeecb60 Azat Khuzhin) o Add postfix for Debug configuration. (dd610b77 Haowei Hsu) o Fix ignoring return value of arc4random() warning (with _FORTIFY_SOURCE defined) (#1394) (c01cb1d6 liaotonglang) o Merge pull request #1418 from fanquake/use_fortify_source_3 (bcefdbc6 fanquake) o Use GNUInstallDirs - #1397 (4dee61c0 Tobias Mayer, Jonathan Ringer, Azat Khuzhin) o Make dependency paths relocatable (#1385) (acfac7ae Ingo Bauersachs)