{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# 曲线拟合" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "导入基础包:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import numpy as np\n", "import matplotlib as mpl\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 多项式拟合" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "导入线多项式拟合工具:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from numpy import polyfit, poly1d" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "产生数据:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)\n", "y = 4 * x + 1.5\n", "noise_y = y + np.random.randn(y.shape[-1]) * 2.5" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "画出数据:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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TBPYzz4TRoyNeqEQd9KhRL6eeGixzp/rqItLPSk7FmNmtwHjgPeB14Fx335R+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\n/wEcY+GYZJlNlgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "p = plt.plot(x, noise_y, 'rx')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y, 'b:')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "进行线性拟合,`polyfit` 是多项式拟合函数,线性拟合即一阶多项式:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[ 3.93921315 1.59379469]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "coeff = polyfit(x, noise_y, 1)\n", "print coeff" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "一阶多项式 $y = a_1 x + a_0$ 拟合,返回两个系数 $[a_1, a_0]$。\n", "\n", "画出拟合曲线:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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E3FwtGDFC3x45UhtWqaf1a63RNDQtnmrJzVXt3Vv19devvKY/gdiR/snKYt15CWFgJypt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\nzjdXk5L8z1V7q1K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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "p = plt.plot(x, noise_y, 'rx')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, coeff[0] * x + coeff[1], 'k-')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y, 'b--')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "还可以用 `poly1d` 生成一个以传入的 `coeff` 为参数的多项式函数:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "scrolled": true }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "f = poly1d(coeff)\n", "p = plt.plot(x, noise_y, 'rx')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, f(x))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "poly1d([ 3.93921315, 1.59379469])" ] }, "execution_count": 8, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "f" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "显示 `f`:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ " \n", "3.939 x + 1.594\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print f" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "还可以对它进行数学操作生成新的多项式:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ " 2\n", "31.03 x + 29.05 x + 6.674\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print f + 2 * f ** 2" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 多项式拟合正弦函数" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "正弦函数:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "x = np.linspace(-np.pi,np.pi,100)\n", "y = np.sin(x)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "用一阶到九阶多项式拟合,类似泰勒展开:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "y1 = poly1d(polyfit(x,y,1))\n", "y3 = poly1d(polyfit(x,y,3))\n", "y5 = poly1d(polyfit(x,y,5))\n", "y7 = poly1d(polyfit(x,y,7))\n", "y9 = poly1d(polyfit(x,y,9))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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OAqpvvfUW3/zmNxWZ63vf+x7/+Mc/VK8cqRl3D+Gzzz4jPT2duLjhvfL+hn4a3mwg8Uej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\niBJ3hUKh0CFK3BUKhUKH/AdKQZTK2jwwogAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "x = np.linspace(-3 * np.pi,3 * np.pi,100)\n", "\n", "p = plt.plot(x, np.sin(x), 'k')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y1(x))\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y3(x))\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y5(x))\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y7(x))\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y9(x))\n", "\n", "a = plt.axis([-3 * np.pi, 3 * np.pi, -1.25, 1.25])" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "黑色为原始的图形,可以看到,随着多项式拟合的阶数的增加,曲线与拟合数据的吻合程度在逐渐增大。" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 最小二乘拟合" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "导入相关的模块:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from scipy.linalg import lstsq\n", "from scipy.stats import linregress" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 15, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[]" ] }, "execution_count": 15, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" }, { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "x = np.linspace(0,5,100)\n", "y = 0.5 * x + np.random.randn(x.shape[-1]) * 0.35\n", "\n", "plt.plot(x,y,'x')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "一般来书,当我们使用一个 N-1 阶的多项式拟合这 M 个点时,有这样的关系存在:\n", "\n", "$$XC = Y$$\n", "\n", "即\n", "\n", "$$\\left[ \\begin{matrix}\n", "x_0^{N-1} & \\dots & x_0 & 1 \\\\\\\n", "x_1^{N-1} & \\dots & x_1 & 1 \\\\\\\n", "\\dots & \\dots & \\dots & \\dots \\\\\\\n", "x_M^{N-1} & \\dots & x_M & 1\n", "\\end{matrix}\\right] \n", "\\left[ \\begin{matrix} C_{N-1} \\\\\\ \\dots \\\\\\ C_1 \\\\\\ C_0 \\end{matrix} \\right] =\n", "\\left[ \\begin{matrix} y_0 \\\\\\ y_1 \\\\\\ \\dots \\\\\\ y_M \\end{matrix} \\right]$$" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Scipy.linalg.lstsq 最小二乘解" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "要得到 `C` ,可以使用 `scipy.linalg.lstsq` 求最小二乘解。\n", "\n", "这里,我们使用 1 阶多项式即 `N = 2`,先将 `x` 扩展成 `X`:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([[ 0.05050505, 1. ],\n", " [ 0.1010101 , 1. ],\n", " [ 0.15151515, 1. ],\n", " [ 0.2020202 , 1. ]])" ] }, "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "X = np.hstack((x[:,np.newaxis], np.ones((x.shape[-1],1))))\n", "X[1:5]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "求解:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 17, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(array([ 0.50432002, 0.0415695 ]),\n", " 12.182942535066523,\n", " 2,\n", " array([ 30.23732043, 4.82146667]))" ] }, "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "C, resid, rank, s = lstsq(X, y)\n", "C, resid, rank, s" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "画图:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 18, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "sum squared residual = 12.183\n", "rank of the X matrix = 2\n", "singular values of X = [ 30.23732043 4.82146667]\n" ] }, { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "p = plt.plot(x, y, 'rx')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, C[0] * x + C[1], 'k--')\n", "print \"sum squared residual = {:.3f}\".format(resid)\n", "print \"rank of the X matrix = {}\".format(rank)\n", "print \"singular values of X = {}\".format(s)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Scipy.stats.linregress 线性回归" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "对于上面的问题,还可以使用线性回归进行求解:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 19, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(0.50432001884393252, 0.041569499438028901)" ] }, "execution_count": 19, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "slope, intercept, r_value, p_value, stderr = linregress(x, y)\n", "slope, intercept" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 20, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "R-value = 0.903\n", "p-value (probability there is no correlation) = 8.225e-38\n", "Root mean squared error of the fit = 0.156\n" ] }, { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "p = plt.plot(x, y, 'rx')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, slope * x + intercept, 'k--')\n", "print \"R-value = {:.3f}\".format(r_value)\n", "print \"p-value (probability there is no correlation) = {:.3e}\".format(p_value)\n", "print \"Root mean squared error of the fit = {:.3f}\".format(np.sqrt(stderr))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "可以看到,两者求解的结果是一致的,但是出发的角度是不同的。" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 更高级的拟合" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 21, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from scipy.optimize import leastsq" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "先定义这个非线性函数:$y = a e^{-b sin( f x + \\phi)}$" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 22, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def function(x, a , b, f, phi):\n", " \"\"\"a function of x with four parameters\"\"\"\n", " result = a * np.exp(-b * np.sin(f * x + phi))\n", " return result" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "画出原始曲线:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 23, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 50)\n", "actual_parameters = [3, 2, 1.25, np.pi / 4]\n", "y = function(x, *actual_parameters)\n", "p = plt.plot(x,y)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "加入噪声:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 24, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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"text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "from scipy.stats import norm\n", "y_noisy = y + 0.8 * norm.rvs(size=len(x))\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y, 'k-')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y_noisy, 'rx')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Scipy.optimize.leastsq" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "定义误差函数,将要优化的参数放在前面:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 25, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def f_err(p, y, x):\n", " return y - function(x, *p)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "将这个函数作为参数传入 `leastsq` 函数,第二个参数为初始值:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 26, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(array([ 3.03199715, 1.97689384, 1.30083191, 0.6393337 ]), 1)" ] }, "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "c, ret_val = leastsq(f_err, [1, 1, 1, 1], args=(y_noisy, x))\n", "c, ret_val" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "`ret_val` 是 1~4 时,表示成功找到最小二乘解:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 27, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": 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XO9IJE4Bp0/hONYgCPgL3WF2L75aW2ndRUaJQUvkONCXF0S6pDOldu/hO1YKC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\nA5MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "p = plt.plot(x, y_noisy, 'rx')\n", "p = plt.plot(x, function(x, *c), 'k--')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Scipy.optimize.curve_fit" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "更高级的做法:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 28, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from scipy.optimize import curve_fit" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "不需要定义误差函数,直接传入 `function` 作为参数:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 29, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "p_est, err_est = curve_fit(function, x, y_noisy)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 30, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[ 3.03199711 1.97689385 1.3008319 0.63933373]\n" ] }, { "data": { "image/png": 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XO9IJE4Bp0/hONYgCPgL3WF2L75aW2ndRUaJQUvkONCXF0S6pDOldu/hO1YKC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\nA5MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", "text/plain": [ "" ] }, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "print p_est\n", "p = plt.plot(x, y_noisy, \"rx\")\n", "p = plt.plot(x, function(x, *p_est), \"k--\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "这里第一个返回的是函数的参数,第二个返回值为各个参数的协方差矩阵:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 31, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[[ 0.08483704 -0.02782318 0.00967093 -0.03029038]\n", " [-0.02782318 0.00933216 -0.00305158 0.00955794]\n", " [ 0.00967093 -0.00305158 0.0014972 -0.00468919]\n", " [-0.03029038 0.00955794 -0.00468919 0.01484297]]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print err_est" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "协方差矩阵的对角线为各个参数的方差:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 32, "metadata": { "collapsed": false }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "normalized relative errors for each parameter\n", " a\t b\t f\tphi\n", "[ 0.09606473 0.0488661 0.02974528 0.19056043]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print \"normalized relative errors for each parameter\"\n", "print \" a\\t b\\t f\\tphi\"\n", "print np.sqrt(err_est.diagonal()) / p_est" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 2", "language": "python", "name": "python2" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 2 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", "version": "2.7.10" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 0 }