{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# requests 模块：HTTP for Human"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import requests"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "Python 标准库中的 `urllib2` 模块提供了你所需要的大多数 `HTTP` 功能，但是它的 `API` 不是特别方便使用。\n",
    "\n",
    "`requests` 模块号称 `HTTP for Human`，它可以这样使用："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "r = requests.get(\"http://httpbin.org/get\")\n",
    "r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})\n",
    "r = requests.put(\"http://httpbin.org/put\")\n",
    "r = requests.delete(\"http://httpbin.org/delete\")\n",
    "r = requests.head(\"http://httpbin.org/get\")\n",
    "r = requests.options(\"http://httpbin.org/get\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 传入 URL 参数"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "假如我们想访问 `httpbin.org/get?key=val`，我们可以使用 `params` 传入这些参数："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\n",
    "r = requests.get(\"http://httpbin.org/get\", params=payload)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "查看 `url` ："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(r.url)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 读取响应内容"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`Requests` 会自动解码来自服务器的内容。大多数 `unicode` 字符集都能被无缝地解码。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{\"message\":\"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you’re reading this then you probably didn’t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.\",\"documentation_url\":\"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events\"}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')\n",
    "\n",
    "print r.text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "查看文字编码："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'utf-8'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r.encoding"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "每次改变文字编码，`text` 的内容也随之变化："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "u'{\"message\":\"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\\xe2\\x80\\x99re reading this then you probably didn\\xe2\\x80\\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.\",\"documentation_url\":\"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events\"}'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r.encoding = \"ISO-8859-1\"\n",
    "\n",
    "r.text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`Requests` 中也有一个内置的 `JSON` 解码器处理 `JSON` 数据："
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{u'documentation_url': u'https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events',\n",
       " u'message': u'Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\\xe2\\x80\\x99re reading this then you probably didn\\xe2\\x80\\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r.json()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "如果 `JSON` 解码失败， `r.json` 就会抛出一个异常。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 响应状态码"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "407"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')\n",
    "\n",
    "r.status_code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 响应头"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'text/html'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "r.headers['Content-Type']"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 2",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python2"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 2
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
   "version": "2.7.6"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}