{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c050689b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# 模块datetime：日期时间"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "0053c459",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import datetime as dt"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c9a9f6c3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 日期date对象"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0bb585c3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"产生一个有年月日信息的date对象："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "106ccc5c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d1 = dt.date(2007, 9, 25)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "19feda31",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"datetime.date(2007, 9, 25)"
]
},
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "c1b10bdb",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d2 = dt.date(2008, 9, 25)"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "21af4e09",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"分别表示2008年9月25日和2007年9月25日。日期可以打印出来："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "2c2fdf1b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2007-09-25\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(d1)"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2d464813",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"还可以调用date对象的`.strftime()`方法将日期转化为特定格式："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "451adeb3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Tuesday, 09/25/07'"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d1.strftime('%A, %m/%d/%y')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "f2fefa1c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'Tue, 09-25-2007'"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d1.strftime('%a, %m-%d-%Y')"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "82b172ba",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 时间间隔timedelta对象\n",
"\n",
"两个日期可以相减："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "ae670df1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"datetime.timedelta(days=366)"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"d2 - d1"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e7f004af",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 时间time对象\n",
"\n",
"产生两个时间对象："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "1adbc112",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t1 = dt.time(15, 38)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "53e0a156",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t2 = dt.time(18)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "940efbcb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"分别表示15点38分和18点整："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "a3ee04e3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"15:38:00\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(t1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "ea5b9e8a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"datetime.time(18, 0)"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t2"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c491dfcd",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"输出格式同样可以用`.strftime()`方法改变："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "be2d1c77",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"'15:38:00, PM'"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"t1.strftime('%H:%M:%S, %p')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "29fc6da4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 日期时间datetime对象"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4b75a312",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"同时带日期与时间的对象："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "e7d1a89b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 7, 2, 49, 39)"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"dt.datetime(2022, 3, 7, 2, 49, 39)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "5035b281",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"d1 = dt.datetime.now()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "5214063e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2022-05-02 21:05:26.567396\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(d1)"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0f70d307",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"date和datetime对象都支持减法；此外，它们还支持与timedelta对象的加法。例如，将当前时间加上30天："
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"id": "2abb97bd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2022-06-01 21:05:26.567396\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(d1 + dt.timedelta(30))"
]
},
{
"attachments": {},
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "66c0dc07",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 日期格式\n",
"\n",
"字符\t| 含义\n",
"-- | --\n",
"%a\t | 星期英文缩写\n",
"%A\t | 星期英文\n",
"%w\t | 一星期的第几天，[0(sun),6]\n",
"%b\t | 月份英文缩写\n",
"%B\t | 月份英文\n",
"%d\t | 日期，[01,31]\n",
"%H\t | 小时，[00,23]\n",
"%I\t | 小时，[01,12]\n",
"%j\t | 一年的第几天，[001,366]\n",
"%m\t | 月份，[01,12]\n",
"%M\t | 分钟，[00,59]\n",
"%p\t | AM 和PM\n",
"%S\t | 秒钟，[00,61] \n",
"%U\t | 一年中的第几个星期，星期日为第一天，[00,53]\n",
"%W\t | 一年中的第几个星期，星期一为第一天，[00,53]\n",
"%y\t | 没有世纪的年份\n",
"%Y\t | 完整的年份\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "7e429711",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.9.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}