{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 5. 정밀하게 텍스트 포매팅하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.1\t백분율 기호 연산자(%)를 사용한 포매팅"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "25  plus  75  equals  100 .\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b, c = 25, 75, 100\n",
    "print(a, ' plus ', b, ' equals ', c, '.')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "25 plus 75 equals 100.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a, ' plus ', b, ' equals ', c, '.', sep='')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 문자열 포맷팅 연산자 \\% 사용법\n",
    "  - 값이 1개일 때\n",
    "    > **포맷_문자열 % 값**\n",
    "    \n",
    "  - 값이 여러 개일 때\n",
    "    > **포맷_문자열 % (여러 값들)**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "25 plus 75 equals 100.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('%d plus %d equals %d.' % (a, b, c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Here is a number: 100.'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Here is a number: %d.' % 100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The sum is 100.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 25 + 75\n",
    "fmt_str = 'The sum is %d.'\n",
    "print(fmt_str % n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "n is 100\n",
      "n is 100 and m is 200\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n, m = 100, 200\n",
    "\n",
    "print('n is %d' % n)\n",
    "print('n is %d and m is %d' % (n, m))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Answers are 10, 20, and 30.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tup = 10, 20, 30\n",
    "print('Answers are %d, %d, and %d.' % tup)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.2\t백분율 기호 (%) 포맷 지시자"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"tables_skill_up/t0501.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 기억해야 할 주요 지시자\n",
    "  - \\%d\n",
    "  - \\%s\n",
    "  - \\%f\n",
    "  - \\%%"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The result is f9.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "h1 = int('e9', 16)\n",
    "h2 = int('10', 16)\n",
    "print('The result is %x.' % (h1 + h2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 연산자 우선순위에서 \\%가 사칙연산자보다 높다."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[0;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[0;32m/var/folders/fb/55f4mk_d67x6jtxmmtsn_hjh0000gn/T/ipykernel_48057/1543535552.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[0;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m----> 1\u001B[0;31m \u001B[0mprint\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m'The result is %x.'\u001B[0m \u001B[0;34m%\u001B[0m \u001B[0mh1\u001B[0m \u001B[0;34m+\u001B[0m \u001B[0mh2\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m)\u001B[0m            \u001B[0;31m# 에러!\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[0;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('The result is %x.' % h1 + h2) \t\t# 에러!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The result is 0xf9.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('The result is 0x%x.' % (h1 + h2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "We is Moe, Curly, & Larry.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = 'We is %s, %s, & %s.' % ('Moe', 'Curly', 'Larry')\n",
    "print(s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 포멧팅 양식\n",
    "  > **\\%[-][너비][.정밀도]c**\n",
    "  \n",
    "  - 위 양식에서 c는 위 표 5-1에서 열거한 지시자 중 하나\n",
    "  - \\%뒤 마이너스(-) 기호는 왼쪽 정렬을 의미"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'This is a number: 255   .'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'This is a number: %-6d.' % 255"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My name is       John.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('My name is %10s.' % 'John')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Amount is         25.\n",
      "Amount is 00025.\n",
      "Amount is      00025.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Amount is %10d.' % 25)\n",
    "print('Amount is %.5d.' % 25)\n",
    "print('Amount is %10.5d.' % 25)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "result:     3.14000\n",
      "result:   333.14000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('result:%12.5f' % 3.14)\n",
    "print('result:%12.5f' % 333.14)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 정밀도에 따라 반올림 또는 버림이 자동으로 수행됨"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.1416\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('%.4f' % 3.141592)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.14\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('%.2f' % 3.141592)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- \\%s: 객체를 가장 쉽게 표현할 수 있는 문자열\n",
    "- \\%r: 객체의 표준(canonical) 문자열"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 숫자에 대한 %s, %r 포멧팅은 동일"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'The number is 10.'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'The number is %s.' % 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'The number is 10.'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'The number is %r.' % 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 문자열에 대한 %s, %r 포멧팅은 상이"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My name is 'Sam'.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('My name is %r.' % 'Sam')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My name is Sam.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('My name is %s.' % 'Sam')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "대한민국\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(str('대한민국'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'대한민국'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(repr('대한민국'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.3\t백분율 기호 (%) 변수-너비 출력 필드 - [생략]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Here is a number:   6'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Here is a number: %*d' % (3, 6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Here is a number:  VI'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Here is a number: %*s' % (3, 'VI')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Item 1:      Bob, Item 2:  Suzanne'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Item 1: %*s, Item 2: %*s' % (8, 'Bob', 8, 'Suzanne')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Item 1:      Bob, Item 2:  Suzanne'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 8\n",
    "'Item 1: %*s, Item 2: %*s' % (n, 'Bob', n, 'Suzanne')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Item 1:     'Bob', Item 2: 'Suzanne'\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 9\n",
    "'Item 1: %*r, Item 2: %*r' % (n, 'Bob', n, 'Suzanne')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'   3.142'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'%*.*f' % (8, 3, 3.141592)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.4\t전역 'format' 함수"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'1,000,000,000,000'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "big_n = 10 ** 12 \n",
    "format(big_n, ',')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"images_skill_up/5-1.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 전역 format 함수 사용 방법\n",
    "  > **format(데이터, 사양/양식/포멧 지시자/포멧 명세)**\n",
    "<br/>\n",
    "- 사양/양식/포멧 지시자/포멧 명세\n",
    "  > **[너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**\n",
    "  \n",
    "  - 너비: 최소 길이를 나타냄\n",
    "  - 쉼표 기호(,): 천 단위 위치 구분자\n",
    "  - 정밀도: 출력할 부동소수점 숫자의 자리수\n",
    "  - 타입 문자:\n",
    "    - d: 정수\n",
    "    - s: 문자열\n",
    "    - f: 부동 소수\n",
    "    \n",
    "- 사실은 다음이 더 완벽한 명세  \n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"tables_skill_up/t0502-1.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"tables_skill_up/t0502-2.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 쉼표(,)\n",
    "    - 숫자 데이터에만 사용\n",
    "    - 문자 데이터에 사용하면 예외 발생"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "150,000,000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 150000000\n",
    "print(format(n, ','))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "Cannot specify ',' with 's'.",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[0;31mValueError\u001B[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[0;32m<ipython-input-18-872260c53618>\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[0;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m----> 1\u001B[0;31m \u001B[0mprint\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0mformat\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m\"대한민국\"\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m,\u001B[0m \u001B[0;34m','\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m)\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m)\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m\u001B[0m\u001B[0;34m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[0;31mValueError\u001B[0m: Cannot specify ',' with 's'."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(format(\"대한민국\", ','))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 너비\n",
    "  - 기본 자리 맞춤(justification)\n",
    "    - 숫자 데이터: 오른쪽 자리 맞춤\n",
    "    - 문자 데이터: 왼쪽 자리 맞춤\n",
    "  - 너비에 지정된 수치보다 데이터가 더 길면 너비는 자동으로 증가됨  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Bob       '"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format('Bob', '10')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Suzie  '"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format('Suzie', '7')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'     150'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(150, '8')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'   99'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(99, '5')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'대한민국'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(\"대한민국\", '2')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 너비.정밀도\n",
    "  - 정밀도\n",
    "    - 데이터가 일반 숫자인 경우\n",
    "      - 전체 숫자 개수\n",
    "      - 타입_문자 f와 함께 사용\n",
    "        - 소수점 오른쪽에 출력할 숫자의 고정된 자리수 의미\n",
    "    - 데이터가 문자열인 경우\n",
    "      - 전체 문자열의 개수"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Bob   '"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format('Bobby K.', '6.3')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'  3.14'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(3.141592, '6.3')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "' 3.142'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(3.141592, '6.3f')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'    3.142'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(3.141592, '9.3f')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'  100.700'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "format(100.7, '9.3f')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.5\tformat 메서드 소개"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "25 plus 75 equals 100.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{} plus {} equals {}.'.format(25, 75, 100))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Pythagoras said, I want 2 slices of 3.141592.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = '{} said, I want {} slices of {}.'\n",
    "\n",
    "name = 'Pythagoras'\n",
    "pi = 3.141592\n",
    "print(fss.format(name, 2, pi))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Set = {1, 2}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Set = {{{}, {}}}'.format(1, 2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Set = { 15, 35, 25 }\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = 'Set = {{ {}, {}, {} }}'\n",
    "print(fss.format(15, 35, 25))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Set = { 15, 35, 25 }\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Set = {{ {}, {}, {} }}'.format(15, 35, 25))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.6\t위치로 순서 정하기 (이름 혹은 색인)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10; 20; 30!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{}; {}; {}!'.format(10, 20, 30))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10; 20; 30!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0}; {1}; {2}!'.format(10, 20, 30))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The items are 30, 20, 10.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('The items are {2}, {1}, {0}.'.format(10, 20, 30))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The items are 40, 20, 10.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = 'The items are {3}, {1}, {0}.'\n",
    "print(fss.format(10, 20, 30, 40))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a equals 10, b equals 50, c equals 100.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = 'a equals {a}, b equals {b}, c equals {c}.'\n",
    "print(fss.format(a=10, c=100, b=50))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "100, 100, 200, 200\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0}, {0}, {1}, {1}'.format(100, 200))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "한국어를 원하면 KRW를 입력하세요:KRW\n",
      "Fred가 Joe에서 Sam을 만나는 게 언제지?\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "current_lang = input('한국어를 원하면 KRW를 입력하세요:')\n",
    "\n",
    "if current_lang == 'KRW':\n",
    "    fss = '{0}가 {2}에서 {1}을 만나는 게 언제지?'\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    fss = \"When will {0} meet {1} at {2}'s?\"\n",
    "print(fss.format('Fred', 'Sam', 'Joe'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 아래 내용은 생략"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'200, 300'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a_list = [100, 200, 300]\n",
    "'{0[1]:}, {0[2]:}'.format(a_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'200, 300'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'{a[1]:}, {a[2]:}'.format(a=a_list)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 문자열 내부의 포멧 문자열 양식\n",
    "  > **{ [위치] [!r|s|a] [:사양] }**\n",
    "  \n",
    "  - !s: str()에 대응 - 일반적 문자열\n",
    "  - !r: repr()에 대응 - 표준 문자열\n",
    "  - !a: 아스키코드(ASCII)로만 이루어진 문자열\n",
    "  - 사양\n",
    "    > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.7\t'repr' vs 문자열 변환"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(10) \t\t# 10 출력\n",
    "print(str(10)) \t# 동일한 결과!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(repr(10)) \t\t# 이 출력 결과도 10이다."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Here is a \n",
      " newline! \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "test_str = 'Here is a \\n newline! '\n",
    "print(test_str)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'Here is a \\n newline! '\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(repr(test_str))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Here is a \n",
      " newline! \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{}'.format(test_str))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'Here is a \\n newline! '\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{!r}'.format(test_str))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'ChaCha' loves 'Joanie'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{1!r} loves {0!r}'.format('Joanie', 'ChaCha'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.8\t'format' 함수와 메서드의 'spec' 필드"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.1\t 출력-필드 너비 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "**       777**999**\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n1, n2 = 777, 999\n",
    "print('**{:10}**{:2}**'.format(n1, n2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  111\n",
      "   10\n",
      " 2001\n",
      "    2\n",
      "   55\n",
      "  144\n",
      " 2525\n",
      " 1984\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n_lst = [111, 10, 2001, 2, 55, 144, 2525, 1984]\n",
    "\n",
    "for n in n_lst:\n",
    "    print('{:5}'.format(n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "'ChaCha'   loves 'Joanie'  !!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = '{1!r:10} loves {0!r:10}!!'\n",
    "print(fss.format('Joanie', 'ChaCha'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.2 텍스트 조정: '채우기'와 '자리 맞춤' 문자"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"tables_skill_up/t0503.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "----Hey Bill G, pick me!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:->24}'.format('Hey Bill G, pick me!'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "    Tom\n",
      "@@@Lady\n",
      "***Bill\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:>7}'.format('Tom')) \t\t# '    Tom' 출력\n",
    "print('{:@>7}'.format('Lady')) \t\t# '@@@Lady' 출력\n",
    "print('{:*>7}'.format('Bill')) \t\t# '***Bill' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tom    \n",
      "Lady@@@\n",
      "Bill***\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:<7}'.format('Tom')) \t\t# 'Tom    ' 출력\n",
    "print('{:@<7}'.format('Lady')) \t\t# 'Lady@@@' 출력\n",
    "print('{:*<7}'.format('Bill')) \t\t# 'Bill***' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "   Tom    Jones\n",
      "@@@Lady@@@\n",
      "***Bill***\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = '{:^10}Jones'\n",
    "print(fss.format('Tom')) \t\t# ' Tom Jones' 출력\n",
    "fss = '{:@^10}'\n",
    "print(fss.format('Lady')) \t\t# '@@@Lady@@@' 출력\n",
    "fss = '{:*^10}'\n",
    "print(fss.format('Bill')) \t\t# '***Bill***' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "-   1250\n",
      "-0001250\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:=8}'.format(-1250)) \t\t# '-   1250' 출력\n",
    "print('{:0=8}'.format(-1250)) \t\t# '-0001250' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Lady@@@\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(format('Lady', '@<7')) \t\t# 'Lady@@@' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Lady@@@\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:@<7}'.format('Lady')) \t\t# 'Lady@@@' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.3\t '기호' 문자"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"tables_skill_up/t0504.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "results> 25, +25, 25\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('results> {:}, {:+}, {:-}'.format(25, 25, 25))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "results> -25, -25, -25\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('results> {:}, {:+}, {:-}'.format(-25, -25, -25))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.4\t 0으로 시작하는 문자(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 0을 사용하여 부족한 자리를 채운다.\n",
    "- 자리 맞춤앞의 채우기와 유사한 기능"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0000125 0000025156\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i, j = 125, 25156\n",
    "print('{:07} {:010}'.format(i, j))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "00000375\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:08}'.format(375))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0000125 0000025156\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i, j = 125, 25156\n",
    "print('{:0>7} {:0>10}'.format(i, j))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0000000+25 +000000025\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:0>+10} {:+010}'.format(25, 25))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.5\t천 단위 위치 구분자"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The USA owes 21,000,000,000 dollars.\n",
      "The sun is 93,000,000 miles away.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss1 = 'The USA owes {:,} dollars.'\n",
    "print(fss1.format(21000000000))\n",
    "fss2 = 'The sun is {:,} miles away.'\n",
    "print(fss2.format(93000000))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The amount on the check was $***4,500,000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 4500000\n",
    "print('The amount on the check was ${:*>12,}'.format(n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The amount is 000,013,000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('The amount is {:011,}'.format(13000))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The amount is 0,000,013,000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 13000\n",
    "print('The amount is {:012,}'.format(n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The amount is 0000013,000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('The amount is {:0>11,}'.format(n))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.6\t 정밀도 제어"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.1 + 1.6 = 4.8\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi = 3.14159265\n",
    "phi = 1.618\n",
    "\n",
    "fss = '{:.2} + {:.2} = {:.2}'\n",
    "print(fss.format(pi, phi, pi + phi))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.14 + 1.62 = 4.76\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi = 3.14159265\n",
    "phi = 1.618\n",
    "\n",
    "fss = '{:.3} + {:.3} = {:.3}'\n",
    "print(fss.format(pi, phi, pi + phi))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.142 + 1.618 = 4.760\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi = 3.14159265\n",
    "phi = 1.618\n",
    "\n",
    "fss = '{:.3f} + {:.3f} = {:.3f}'\n",
    "print(fss.format(pi, phi, pi + phi))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "     22.100\n",
      "   1000.007\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = ' {:10.3f}\\n {:10.3f}'\n",
    "print(fss.format(22.1, 1000.007))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " 22,333.100\n",
      "  1,000.007\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = ' {:10,.3f}\\n {:10,.3f}'\n",
    "print(fss.format(22333.1, 1000.007))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "      22.70\n",
      "       3.14\n",
      "     555.50\n",
      "      29.00\n",
      "    1010.01\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = ' {:10.2f}'\n",
    "for x in [22.7, 3.1415, 555.5, 29, 1010.013]:\n",
    "    print(fss.format(x))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.7 문자열에서 사용한 '정밀도(잘라 내기)'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Super\n",
      "Excel\n",
      "Sam\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:.5}'.format('Superannuated.'))     # 'Super' 출력\n",
    "print('{:.5}'.format('Excellent!'))         # 'Excel' 출력\n",
    "print('{:.5}'.format('Sam'))                # 'Sam' 출력"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tom***\n",
      "Mike**\n",
      "Rodney\n",
      "Hannib\n",
      "Mortim\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = '{:*<6.6}'\n",
    "\n",
    "print(fss.format('Tom'))\n",
    "print(fss.format('Mike'))\n",
    "print(fss.format('Rodney'))\n",
    "print(fss.format('Hannibal'))\n",
    "print(fss.format('Mortimer'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tom***\n",
      "Mike**\n",
      "Rodney\n",
      "Hannib\n",
      "Mortim\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(format('Tom', '*<6.6'))\n",
    "print(format('Mike', '*<6.6'))\n",
    "print(format('Rodney', '*<6.6'))\n",
    "print(format('Hannibal', '*<6.6'))\n",
    "print(format('Mortimer', '*<6.6'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Tom**\n",
      "Rodney\n",
      "longer tha\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fss = '{:*<5.10}'\n",
    "\n",
    "print(fss.format('Tom'))\n",
    "print(fss.format('Rodney'))\n",
    "print(fss.format('longer than 10'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.8\t '타입' 지시자"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"tables_skill_up/t0505.PNG\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 사양\n",
    "  > **[[채우기]자리 맞춤][기호][#][0][너비][,][.정밀도][타입_문자]**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.9\t 이진수 출력하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "101 110 10000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:b} {:b} {:b}'.format(5, 6, 16))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- #: 기수 접두사 --> 0b, 0o, 0x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0b111\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:#b}'.format(7))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.10\t8진수와 16진수 출력하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "77, 3f, 3F\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:o}, {:x}, {:X}'.format(63, 63, 63))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "77, 3f, 3F\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0:o}, {0:x}, {0:X}'.format(63))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0o77, 0x3f, 0X3F\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{0:#o}, {0:#x}, {0:#X}'.format(63))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.11\t백분율 출력하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "You own 51.700000% of the shares.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('You own {:%} of the shares.'.format(.517))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "You own 51.700000% of the shares.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('You own {:8%} of the shares.'.format(.517))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "23.10% of 50.00% of 40...\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('{:.2%} of {:.2%} of 40...'.format(0.231, 0.5))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 5.8.12\t이진수 예시"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter values in binary only!\n",
      "Enter b1:101\n",
      "Enter b2:1010\n",
      "Total is: 0b1111\n",
      "5 + 10 = 15\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def calc_binary():\n",
    "    print('Enter values in binary only!')\n",
    "    b1 = int(input('Enter b1:'), 2)\n",
    "    b2 = int(input('Enter b2:'), 2)\n",
    "    print('Total is: {:#b}'.format(b1 + b2))\n",
    "    print('{} + {} = {}'.format(b1, b2, b1 + b2))\n",
    "\n",
    "calc_binary()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.9\t변수-길이 필드 - [생략]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Here is a num:      1.234'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 95,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Here is a num: {:{}.{}}'.format(1.2345, 10, 4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Here is a num:      1.234'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 96,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Here is a num: {:10.4}'.format(1.2345)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Here is a num:      1.234'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b = 10, 4\n",
    "'Here is a num: {:{}.{}}'.format(1.2345, a, b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hi  there  !'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 98,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'{:{}} {:{}}!'.format('Hi', 3, 'there', 7)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hi  there  !'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 99,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'{0:{1}} {2:{3}}!'.format('Hi', 3, 'there', 7)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Pi is approx.    3.142'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Pi is approx. {0:{1}.{2}f}'.format(3.141592, 8, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Pi is approx.    3.142'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a, b = 8, 3\n",
    "'Pi is approx. {0:{1}.{2}f}'.format(3.141592, a, b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Pi is approx.    3.142'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 102,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Pi is approx. {0:8.3f}'.format(3.141592)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "## 5.10 정리해보자"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 구구단 포맷팅"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 x 1 =  2\n",
      "2 x 2 =  4\n",
      "2 x 3 =  6\n",
      "2 x 4 =  8\n",
      "2 x 5 = 10\n",
      "2 x 6 = 12\n",
      "2 x 7 = 14\n",
      "2 x 8 = 16\n",
      "2 x 9 = 18\n",
      "\n",
      "3 x 1 =  3\n",
      "3 x 2 =  6\n",
      "3 x 3 =  9\n",
      "3 x 4 = 12\n",
      "3 x 5 = 15\n",
      "3 x 6 = 18\n",
      "3 x 7 = 21\n",
      "3 x 8 = 24\n",
      "3 x 9 = 27\n",
      "\n",
      "4 x 1 =  4\n",
      "4 x 2 =  8\n",
      "4 x 3 = 12\n",
      "4 x 4 = 16\n",
      "4 x 5 = 20\n",
      "4 x 6 = 24\n",
      "4 x 7 = 28\n",
      "4 x 8 = 32\n",
      "4 x 9 = 36\n",
      "\n",
      "5 x 1 =  5\n",
      "5 x 2 = 10\n",
      "5 x 3 = 15\n",
      "5 x 4 = 20\n",
      "5 x 5 = 25\n",
      "5 x 6 = 30\n",
      "5 x 7 = 35\n",
      "5 x 8 = 40\n",
      "5 x 9 = 45\n",
      "\n",
      "6 x 1 =  6\n",
      "6 x 2 = 12\n",
      "6 x 3 = 18\n",
      "6 x 4 = 24\n",
      "6 x 5 = 30\n",
      "6 x 6 = 36\n",
      "6 x 7 = 42\n",
      "6 x 8 = 48\n",
      "6 x 9 = 54\n",
      "\n",
      "7 x 1 =  7\n",
      "7 x 2 = 14\n",
      "7 x 3 = 21\n",
      "7 x 4 = 28\n",
      "7 x 5 = 35\n",
      "7 x 6 = 42\n",
      "7 x 7 = 49\n",
      "7 x 8 = 56\n",
      "7 x 9 = 63\n",
      "\n",
      "8 x 1 =  8\n",
      "8 x 2 = 16\n",
      "8 x 3 = 24\n",
      "8 x 4 = 32\n",
      "8 x 5 = 40\n",
      "8 x 6 = 48\n",
      "8 x 7 = 56\n",
      "8 x 8 = 64\n",
      "8 x 9 = 72\n",
      "\n",
      "9 x 1 =  9\n",
      "9 x 2 = 18\n",
      "9 x 3 = 27\n",
      "9 x 4 = 36\n",
      "9 x 5 = 45\n",
      "9 x 6 = 54\n",
      "9 x 7 = 63\n",
      "9 x 8 = 72\n",
      "9 x 9 = 81\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(2, 10):\n",
    "    for j in range(1, 10):\n",
    "        print(\"{0} x {1} = {2:2d}\".format(i, j, i*j))\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 inch = 0.0 centi\n",
      "1 inch = 2.54 centi\n",
      "2 inch = 5.08 centi\n",
      "3 inch = 7.62 centi\n",
      "4 inch = 10.16 centi\n",
      "5 inch = 12.7 centi\n",
      "6 inch = 15.24 centi\n",
      "7 inch = 17.78 centi\n",
      "8 inch = 20.32 centi\n",
      "9 inch = 22.86 centi\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for el in range(10):\n",
    "    print(el, 'inch =', el * 2.54, 'centi')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 inch = 0.00 centi\n",
      "1 inch = 2.54 centi\n",
      "2 inch = 5.08 centi\n",
      "3 inch = 7.62 centi\n",
      "4 inch = 10.16 centi\n",
      "5 inch = 12.70 centi\n",
      "6 inch = 15.24 centi\n",
      "7 inch = 17.78 centi\n",
      "8 inch = 20.32 centi\n",
      "9 inch = 22.86 centi\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for el in range(10):\n",
    "    print(\"%d inch = %.2f centi\" % (el, el * 2.54))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 inch = 0.00 centi\n",
      "1 inch = 2.54 centi\n",
      "2 inch = 5.08 centi\n",
      "3 inch = 7.62 centi\n",
      "4 inch = 10.16 centi\n",
      "5 inch = 12.70 centi\n",
      "6 inch = 15.24 centi\n",
      "7 inch = 17.78 centi\n",
      "8 inch = 20.32 centi\n",
      "9 inch = 22.86 centi\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for el in range(10):\n",
    "    print(\"{0} inch = {1:.2f} centi\".format(el, el * 2.54))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.11 복습 문제"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5.12 실습 문제"
   ]
  }
 ],
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