{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Code：https://github.com/lotapp/BaseCode\n", "\n", "多图旧排版：https://www.cnblogs.com/dunitian/p/9119986.html\n", "\n", "在线编程：https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lotapp/BaseCode/master\n", "\n", "Python设计的目的就是 ==> **让程序员解放出来，不要过于关注代码本身**\n", "\n", "步入正题：**欢迎提出更简单或者效率更高的方法**\n", "\n", "**基础系列**：（这边重点说说`Python`，上次讲过的东西我就一笔带过了）\n", "\n", "## 1.基础回顾\n", "\n", "### 1.1.输出+类型转换" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "输入第一个数：1\n", "输入第二个数：2\n", "两数之和：3\n" ] } ], "source": [ "user_num1=input(\"输入第一个数：\")\n", "user_num2=input(\"输入第二个数：\")\n", "\n", "print(\"两数之和：%d\"%(int(user_num1)+int(user_num2)))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 1.2.字符串拼接+拼接输出方式" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "输入昵称：tom\n", "输入密码：1379\n", "ftp://tom:1379@192.168.1.121\n", "ftp://tom:1379@192.168.1.121\n" ] } ], "source": [ "user_name=input(\"输入昵称：\")\n", "user_pass=input(\"输入密码：\")\n", "user_url=\"192.168.1.121\"\n", "\n", "#拼接输出方式一：\n", "print(\"ftp://\"+user_name+\":\"+user_pass+\"@\"+user_url)\n", "\n", "#拼接输出方式二：\n", "print(\"ftp://%s:%s@%s\"%(user_name,user_pass,user_url))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 2.字符串遍历、下标、切片\n", "\n", "### 2.1.Python\n", "\n", "重点说下`python`的 **下标**，有点意思，最后一个元素，我们一般都是`len(str)-1`，他可以直接用`-1`，倒2自然就是`-2`了\n", "\n", "**最后一个元素：`user_str[-1]`**\n", "\n", "user_str[-1]\n", "\n", "user_str[len(user_str)-1] #其他编程语言写法\n", "\n", "**倒数第二个元素：`user_str[-2]`**\n", "\n", "user_str[-1]\n", "\n", "user_str[len(user_str)-2] #其他编程语言写法" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "user_str=\"七大姑曰：工作了吗？八大姨问：买房了吗？异性说：结婚了吗？\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "七 大 姑 曰 ： 工 作 了 吗 ？ 八 大 姨 问 ： 买 房 了 吗 ？ 异 性 说 ： 结 婚 了 吗 ？ " ] } ], "source": [ "#遍历\n", "for item in user_str:\n", " print(item,end=\" \") # 不换行，以“ ”方式拼接" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "29\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#长度：len(user_str)\n", "len(user_str)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'七'" ] }, "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# #第一个元素：user_str[0]\n", "user_str[0]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "？\n", "？\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 最后一个元素：user_str[-1]\n", "print(user_str[-1])\n", "print(user_str[len(user_str)-1])#其他编程语言写法" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "吗\n", "吗\n" ] } ], "source": [ "#倒数第二个元素：user_str[-2]\n", "print(user_str[-2])\n", "print(user_str[len(user_str)-2])#其他编程语言写法" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**python切片语法**：`[start_index:end_index:step]` （**end_index取不到**）\n", "\n", "eg:`str[1:4]` 取str[1]、str[2]、str[3]\n", "\n", "eg:`str[2:]` 取下标为2开始到最后的元素\n", "\n", "eg:`str[2:-1]` 取下标为2～到倒数第二个元素（end_index取不到）\n", "\n", "eg:`str[1:6:2]` 隔着取～str[1]、str[3]、str[5]（案例会详细说）\n", "\n", "eg:`str[::-1]` 逆向输出（案例会详细说）" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "it_str=\"我爱编程，编程爱它，它是程序，程序是谁？\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "编程爱它\n", "编程爱它\n", "编程爱它\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# eg:取“编程爱它” it_str[5:9]\n", "print(it_str[5:9])\n", "print(it_str[5:-11]) # end_index用-xx也一样\n", "print(it_str[-15:-11])# start_index用-xx也可以" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "编程爱它，它是程序，程序是谁？\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# eg:取“编程爱它，它是程序，程序是谁？” it_str[5:]\n", "print(it_str[5:])# 不写默认取到最后一个" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "我编，程它它程，序谁\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# eg:一个隔一个跳着取（\"我编，程它它程，序谁\"） it_str[0::2]\n", "print(it_str[0::2])# step=△index（eg:0,1,2,3。这里的step=> 2-0 => 间隔1）" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "？谁是序程，序程是它，它爱程编，程编爱我\n", "？谁是序程，序程是它，它爱程编，程编爱我\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# eg:倒序输出 it_str[::-1]\n", "# end_index不写默认是取到最后一个，是正取（从左往右）还是逆取（从右往左），就看step是正是负\n", "print(it_str[::-1])\n", "print(it_str[-1::-1])# 等价于上一个" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 2.2.CSharp\n", "\n", "这次为了更加形象对比，一句一句翻译成C#\n", "\n", "有没有发现规律，`user_str[user_str.Length-1]`==> -1是最后一个\n", "\n", "`user_str[user_str.Length-2]`==> -2是最后第二个\n", "\n", "python的切片其实就是在这方面简化了" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": { "scrolled": true }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "七大姑曰：工作了吗？八大姨问：买房了吗？异性说：结婚了吗？29\n", "七\n", "？\n", "吗\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "//# # 字符串遍历、下标、切片\n", "//# user_str=\"七大姑曰：工作了吗？八大姨问：买房了吗？异性说：结婚了吗？\"\n", "var user_str = \"七大姑曰：工作了吗？八大姨问：买房了吗？异性说：结婚了吗？\";\n", "\n", "//# #遍历\n", "//# for item in user_str:\n", "//# print(item,end=\" \")\n", "foreach (var item in user_str)\n", "{\n", " Console.Write(item);\n", "}\n", "\n", "//# #长度：len(user_str)\n", "//# print(len(user_str))\n", "Console.WriteLine(user_str.Length);\n", "\n", "//# #第一个元素：user_str[0]\n", "//# print(user_str[0])\n", "Console.WriteLine(user_str[0]);\n", "\n", "//# #最后一个元素：user_str[-1]\n", "//# print(user_str[-1])\n", "//# print(user_str[len(user_str)-1])#其他编程语言写法\n", "Console.WriteLine(user_str[user_str.Length - 1]);\n", "//\n", "//# #倒数第二个元素：user_str[-2]\n", "//# print(user_str[-2])\n", "Console.WriteLine(user_str[user_str.Length - 2]);" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "其实你用`Pytho`n跟其他语言对比反差更大，`net`真的很强大了。\n", "\n", "补充（对比看就清楚`Python`的`step`为什么是2了，i+=2==>2）" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "编程爱它\n", "编程爱它，它是程序，程序是谁？\n", "我编，程它它程，序谁\n", "倒序：\n", "？谁是序程，序程是它，它爱程编，程编爱我" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "//# 切片:[start_index:end_index:step] （end_index取不到）\n", "//# eg:str[1:4] 取str[1]、str[2]、str[3]\n", "//# eg:str[2:] 取下标为2开始到最后的元素\n", "//# eg:str[2:-1] 取下标为2～到倒数第二个元素（end_index取不到）\n", "//# eg:str[1:6:2] 隔着取～str[1]、str[3]、str[5]（案例会详细说）\n", "//# eg:str[::-1] 逆向输出（案例会详细说，）\n", "//\n", "var it_str = \"我爱编程，编程爱它，它是程序，程序是谁？\";\n", "//\n", "//#eg:取“编程爱它” it_str[5:9]\n", "// print(it_str[5:9])\n", "// print(it_str[5:-11]) #end_index用-xx也一样\n", "// print(it_str[-15:-11])#start_index用-xx也可以\n", "\n", "//Substring(int startIndex, int length)\n", "Console.WriteLine(it_str.Substring(5, 4));//第二个参数是长度\n", "\n", "//\n", "//#eg:取“编程爱它，它是程序，程序是谁？” it_str[5:]\n", "// print(it_str[5:])#不写默认取到最后一个\n", "Console.WriteLine(it_str.Substring(5));//不写默认取到最后一个\n", "\n", "//#eg:一个隔一个跳着取（\"我编，程它它程，序谁\"） it_str[0::2]\n", "// print(it_str[0::2])#step=△index（eg:0,1,2,3。这里的step=> 2-0 => 间隔1）\n", "\n", "//这个我第一反应是用linq ^_^\n", "for (int i = 0; i < it_str.Length; i += 2)//对比看就清除Python的step为什么是2了，i+=2==》2\n", "{\n", " Console.Write(it_str[i]);\n", "}\n", "\n", "Console.WriteLine(\"\\n倒序：\");\n", "//#eg:倒序输出 it_str[::-1]\n", "//# end_index不写默认是取到最后一个，是正取（从左往右）还是逆取（从右往左），就看step是正是负\n", "// print(it_str[::-1])\n", "// print(it_str[-1::-1])#等价于上一个\n", "for (int i = it_str.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n", "{\n", " Console.Write(it_str[i]);\n", "}\n", "//其实可以用Linq：Console.WriteLine(new string(it_str.ToCharArray().Reverse().ToArray()));\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 3.Python字符串方法系列\n", "\n", "### 3.1.Python查找\n", "\n", "`find`,`rfind`,`index`,`rindex`\n", "\n", "Python查找 **推荐**你用`find`和`rfind`" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "6\n", "11\n", "-1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "test_str = \"ABCDabcdefacddbdf\"\n", "# 查找:find,rfind,index,rindex\n", "# xxx.find(str, start, end)\n", "print(test_str.find(\"cd\"))#从左往右\n", "print(test_str.rfind(\"cd\"))#从右往左\n", "print(test_str.find(\"dnt\"))#find和rfind找不到就返回-1" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "ename": "ValueError", "evalue": "substring not found", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m", "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[0;32m\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# index和rindex用法和find一样，只是找不到会报错（以后用find系即可）\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtest_str\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"dnt\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m", "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: substring not found" ] } ], "source": [ "# index和rindex用法和find一样，只是找不到会报错（以后用find系即可）\n", "print(test_str.index(\"dnt\"))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.2.Python计数\n", "\n", "python：`xxx.count(str, start, end)`" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "4\n", "2\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 计数:count\n", "# xxx.count(str, start, end)\n", "print(test_str.count(\"d\"))#4\n", "print(test_str.count(\"cd\"))#2" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.3.Python替换\n", "\n", "Python：`xxx.replace(str1, str2, 替换次数)`" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ABCDabcdefacddbdf\n", "ABCDaBcdefacddBdf\n", "ABCDabcdefacddbdf\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 替换:replace\n", "# xxx.replace(str1, str2, 替换次数)\n", "\n", "print(test_str)\n", "print(test_str.replace(\"b\",\"B\"))#并没有改变原字符串，只是生成了一个新的字符串\n", "print(test_str)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ABCDaBcdefacddbdf\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# replace可以指定替换几次\n", "print(test_str.replace(\"b\",\"B\",1))#ABCDaBcdefacddbdf" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.4.Python分割\n", "\n", "`split`（按指定字符分割）,`splitlines`(按行分割)\n", "\n", "`partition`(以str分割成三部分,str前，str和str后),`rpartition`（从右边开始）\n", "\n", "说下 **split的切片用法**：`print(test_input.split(\" \",3))` 在第三个空格处切片，后面的不切了\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['ABCD', 'bcdef', 'cddbdf']\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 分割:split（按指定字符分割）,splitlines(按行分割),partition(以str分割成三部分,str前，str和str后),rpartition\n", "test_list=test_str.split(\"a\")#a有两个，按照a分割，那么会分成三段，返回类型是列表（List），并且返回结果中没有a\n", "print(test_list)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['hi', 'my', 'name', 'is', 'dnt']\n", "['hi', 'my', 'name', 'is dnt']\n" ] } ], "source": [ "test_input=\"hi my name is dnt\"\n", "print(test_input.split(\" \")) #返回列表格式（后面会说）['hi', 'my', 'name', 'is', 'dnt']\n", "print(test_input.split(\" \",3))#在第三个空格处切片，后面的不管了" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "继续说说`splitlines`(按行分割)，和`split(\"\\n\")`的区别：" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['abc', 'bca', 'cab']\n", "['abc', 'bca', 'cab', '']\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# splitlines()按行分割，返回类型为List\n", "test_line_str=\"abc\\nbca\\ncab\\n\"\n", "print(test_line_str.splitlines())#['abc', 'bca', 'cab']\n", "print(test_line_str.split(\"\\n\"))#看出区别了吧：['abc', 'bca', 'cab', '']" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['abc', 'bca', 'cab', 'LLL']\n", "['abc', 'bca', 'cab', 'LLL']\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# splitlines(按行分割)，和split(\"\\n\")的区别没看出来就再来个案例\n", "test_line_str2=\"abc\\nbca\\ncab\\nLLL\"\n", "print(test_line_str2.splitlines())#['abc', 'bca', 'cab', 'LLL']\n", "print(test_line_str2.split(\"\\n\"))#再提示一下，最后不是\\n就和上面一样效果" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "扩展：`split()`，默认按 **空字符**切割(`空格、\\t、\\n`等等，不用担心返回`''`)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['hi', 'my', 'name', 'is', 'dnt', 'm']\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 扩展：split()，默认按空字符切割(空格、\\t、\\n等等，不用担心返回'')\n", "print(\"hi my name is dnt\\t\\n m\\n\\t\\n\".split())" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "最后说一下`partition`和`rpartition`: 返回是元祖类型（后面会说的）\n", "\n", "方式和find一样，找到第一个匹配的就罢工了【**注意一下没找到的情况**】" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "('ABCDab', 'cd', 'efacddbdf')\n", "('ABCDabcdefa', 'cd', 'dbdf')\n", "('ABCDabcdefacddbdf', '', '')\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# partition(以str分割成三部分,str前，str和str后)\n", "# 返回是元祖类型（后面会说的）,方式和find一样，找到第一个匹配的就罢工了【注意一下没找到的情况】\n", "\n", "print(test_str.partition(\"cd\"))#('ABCDab', 'cd', 'efacddbdf')\n", "print(test_str.rpartition(\"cd\"))#('ABCDabcdefa', 'cd', 'dbdf')\n", "print(test_str.partition(\"感觉自己萌萌哒\"))#没找到：('ABCDabcdefacddbdf', '', '')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.5.Python字符串连接\n", "\n", "**join** :`\"-\".join(test_list)`" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 15, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ABCD-bcdef-cddbdf\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 连接：join\n", "# separat.join(xxx)\n", "# 错误用法：xxx.join(\"-\")\n", "print(\"-\".join(test_list))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.6.Python头尾判断\n", "\n", "`startswith`（以。。。开头）,`endswith`（以。。。结尾）" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "True\n", "False\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 头尾判断:startswith（以。。。开头）,endswith（以。。。结尾）\n", "# test_str.startswith（以。。。开头）\n", "start_end_str=\"http://www.baidu.net\"\n", "print(start_end_str.startswith(\"https://\") or start_end_str.startswith(\"http://\"))\n", "print(start_end_str.endswith(\".com\"))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.7.Python大小写系\n", "\n", "`lower`(字符串转换为小写),`upper`(字符串转换为大写)\n", "\n", "`title`(单词首字母大写),`capitalize`(第一个字符大写，其他变小写)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ABCDabcdefacddbdf\n", "ABCDABCDEFACDDBDF\n", "abcdabcdefacddbdf\n", "Abcdabcdefacddbdf\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 大小写系:lower(字符串转换为小写),upper(字符串转换为大写)\n", "# title(单词首字母大写),capitalize(第一个字符大写，其他变小写)\n", "\n", "print(test_str)\n", "print(test_str.upper())#ABCDABCDEFACDDBDF\n", "print(test_str.lower())#abcdabcdefacddbdf\n", "print(test_str.capitalize())#第一个字符大写，其他变小写" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.8.Python格式系列\n", "\n", "`lstrip`（去除左边空格）,`rstrip`（去除右边空格）\n", "\n", "**`strip`** （去除两边空格）美化输出系列：`ljust`,`rjust`,`center`\n", "\n", "`ljust，rjust，center`这些就不说了，python经常在linux终端中输出，所以这几个用的比较多" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 18, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "I Have a Dream|\n", "I Have a Dream |\n", " I Have a Dream|\n", "ABCDabcdefacddbdf \n", " ABCDabcdefacddbdf\n", " ABCDabcdefacddbdf \n" ] } ], "source": [ "# 格式系列：lstrip（去除左边空格）,rstrip（去除右边空格）,strip（去除两边空格）美化输出系列：ljust,rjust,center\n", "strip_str=\" I Have a Dream \"\n", "print(strip_str.strip()+\"|\")#我加 | 是为了看清后面空格，没有别的用处\n", "print(strip_str.lstrip()+\"|\")\n", "print(strip_str.rstrip()+\"|\")\n", "\n", "#这个就是格式化输出，就不讲了\n", "print(test_str.ljust(50))\n", "print(test_str.rjust(50))\n", "print(test_str.center(50))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 3.9.Python验证系列\n", "\n", "`isalpha`（是否是纯字母）,`isalnum`（是否是数字|字母）\n", "\n", "`isdigit`（是否是纯数字）,`isspace`（是否是纯空格）\n", "\n", "注意~ `test_str5=\" \\t \\n \"` # **isspace() ==>true**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 19, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# 验证系列:isalpha（是否是纯字母）,isalnum（是否是数字|字母）,isdigit（是否是纯数字）,isspace（是否是纯空格）\n", "# 注意哦~ test_str5=\" \\t \\n \" #isspace() ==>true\n", "\n", "test_str2=\"Abcd123\"\n", "test_str3=\"123456\"\n", "test_str4=\" \\t\" #isspace() ==>true\n", "test_str5=\" \\t \\n \" #isspace() ==>true" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str.isalpha() #是否是纯字母" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str.isalnum() #是否是数字|字母" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "False" ] }, "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str.isdigit() #是否是纯数字" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 23, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "False" ] }, "execution_count": 23, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str.isspace() #是否是纯空格" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 24, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 24, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str2.isalnum() #是否是数字和字母组成" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "False" ] }, "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str2.isdigit() #是否是纯数字" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str3.isdigit() #是否是纯数字" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 27, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 27, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str5.isspace() #是否是纯空格" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 28, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 28, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "test_str4.isspace() #是否是纯空格" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Python补充\n", "\n", "像这些方法练习用`ipython3`就好了（`sudo apt-get install ipython3`）\n", "\n", "code的话需要一个个的print，比较麻烦（我这边因为需要写文章，所以只能一个个code）\n", "\n", "![图片](https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1127869/201805/1127869-20180531091353949-747834264.png)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## 4.CSharp字符串方法系列\n", "\n", "### 4.1.查找\n", "\n", "`index0f`就相当于python里面的`find`\n", "\n", "`LastIndexOf` ==> `rfind`" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 29, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "4\n", "6\n", "11\n", "-1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "var test_str = \"ABCDabcdefacddbdf\";\n", "\n", "//# # 查找:find,rfind,index,rindex\n", "//# # xxx.find(str, start, end)\n", "//# print(test_str.find(\"cd\"))#从左往右\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.IndexOf('a'));//4\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.IndexOf(\"cd\"));//6\n", "\n", "//# print(test_str.rfind(\"cd\"))#从右往左\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.LastIndexOf(\"cd\"));//11\n", "\n", "//# print(test_str.find(\"dnt\"))#find和rfind找不到就返回-1\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.IndexOf(\"dnt\"));//-1" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 4.2.计数\n", "\n", "这个真用基础来解决的话，两种方法：\n", "\n", "第一种自己变形一下：(原字符串长度 - 替换后的长度) / 字符串长度\n", "\n", "```csharp\n", "//# # 计数:count\n", "//# # xxx.count(str, start, end)\n", "// print(test_str.count(\"d\"))#4\n", "// print(test_str.count(\"cd\"))#2\n", "// 第一反应，字典、正则、linq，后来想怎么用基础知识解决，于是有了这个~(原字符串长度-替换后的长度)/字符串长度\n", "\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.Length - test_str.Replace(\"d\", \"\").Length);//统计单个字符就简单了\n", "Console.WriteLine((test_str.Length - test_str.Replace(\"cd\", \"\").Length) / \"cd\".Length);\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str);//不用担心原字符串改变（python和C#都是有字符串不可变性的）\n", "```\n", "\n", "字符串统计另一种方法(就用index)\n", "\n", "```csharp\n", "int count = 0;\n", "int index = input.IndexOf(\"abc\");\n", "\n", "while (index != -1)\n", "{\n", " count++;\n", " index = input.IndexOf(\"abc\", index + 3);//index指向abc的后一位\n", "}\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 4.3.替换\n", "\n", "替换指定次数的功能有点业余，就不说了，你可以自行思考哦~" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 32, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "ABCDaBcdefacddBdf\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "var test_str = \"ABCDabcdefacddbdf\";\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.Replace(\"b\", \"B\"));" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 4.4.分割\n", "\n", "`split`里面很多重载方法，可以自己去查看下\n", "\n", "eg:`Split(\"\\n\",StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)`\n", "\n", "再说一下这个：`test_str.Split('a');` //返回数组\n", "\n", "如果要和Python一样返回列表==》`test_str.Split('a').ToList();` 【需要引用linq的命名空间哦】\n", "```csharp\n", "var test_array = test_str.Split('a');//返回数组（如果要返回列表==》test_str.Split('a').ToList();）\n", "var test_input = \"hi my name is dnt\";\n", "//# print(test_input.split(\" \")) #返回列表格式（后面会说）['hi', 'my', 'name', 'is', 'dnt']\n", "test_input.Split(\" \");\n", "//# 按行分割，返回类型为List\n", "var test_line_str = \"abc\\nbca\\ncab\\n\";\n", "//# print(test_line_str.splitlines())#['abc', 'bca', 'cab']\n", "test_line_str.Split(\"\\n\", StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 4.5.连接\n", "\n", "**`string.Join(分隔符,数组)`**\n", "```csharp\n", "Console.WriteLine(string.Join(\"-\", test_array));//test_array是数组 ABCD-bcdef-cddbdf\n", "\n", "```\n", "\n", "### 4.6.头尾判断\n", "\n", "`StartsWith`（以。。。开头）,`EndsWith`（以。。。结尾）" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 35, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "True\n", "False\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "var start_end_str = \"http://www.baidu.net\";\n", "//# print(start_end_str.startswith(\"https://\") or start_end_str.startswith(\"http://\"))\n", "System.Console.WriteLine(start_end_str.StartsWith(\"https://\") || start_end_str.StartsWith(\"http://\"));\n", "//# print(start_end_str.endswith(\".com\"))\n", "System.Console.WriteLine(start_end_str.EndsWith(\".com\"));" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 4.7.大小写系\n", "\n", "```csharp\n", "//# print(test_str.upper())#ABCDABCDEFACDDBDF\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.ToUpper());\n", "//# print(test_str.lower())#abcdabcdefacddbdf\n", "Console.WriteLine(test_str.ToLower());\n", "```\n", "\n", "### 4.8.格式化系\n", "\n", "`Tirm`很强大，除了去空格还可以去除你想去除的任意字符\n", "\n", "net里面`string.Format`各种格式化输出，可以参考,这边就不讲了" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 36, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "I Have a Dream|\n", "I Have a Dream |\n", " I Have a Dream|\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "var strip_str = \" I Have a Dream \";\n", "//# print(strip_str.strip()+\"|\")#我加 | 是为了看清后面空格，没有别的用处\n", "Console.WriteLine(strip_str.Trim() + \"|\");\n", "//# print(strip_str.lstrip()+\"|\")\n", "Console.WriteLine(strip_str.TrimStart() + \"|\");\n", "//# print(strip_str.rstrip()+\"|\")\n", "Console.WriteLine(strip_str.TrimEnd() + \"|\");" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 4.9.验证系列\n", "`string.IsNullOrEmpty` 和 `string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace` 是系统自带的" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 37, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "False\n", "True\n", "False\n", "True\n" ] } ], "source": [ "%%script csharp\n", "var test_str4 = \" \\t\";\n", "var test_str5 = \" \\t \\n \"; //#isspace() ==>true\n", "// string.IsNullOrEmpty 和 string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace 是系统自带的，其他的你需要自己封装一个扩展类\n", "Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrEmpty(test_str4)); //false\n", "Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(test_str4));//true\n", "Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrEmpty(test_str5));//false\n", "Console.WriteLine(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(test_str5));//true" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "其他的你需要自己封装一个扩展类（eg：简单封装）\n", "\n", "```csharp\n", "using System;\n", "using System.Collections.Generic;\n", "using System.Linq;\n", "using System.Text.RegularExpressions;\n", "\n", "public static partial class ValidationHelper\n", "{\n", " #region 常用验证\n", "\n", " #region 集合系列\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断集合是否有数据\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool ExistsData(this IEnumerable list)\n", " {\n", " bool b = false;\n", " if (list != null && list.Count() > 0)\n", " {\n", " b = true;\n", " }\n", " return b;\n", " } \n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region Null判断系列\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断是否为空或Null\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(objStr))\n", " {\n", " return true;\n", " }\n", " else\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断类型是否为可空类型\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsNullableType(Type theType)\n", " {\n", " return (theType.IsGenericType && theType.GetGenericTypeDefinition().Equals(typeof(Nullable<>)));\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 数字字符串检查\n", " /// \n", " /// 是否数字字符串(包括小数)\n", " /// \n", " /// 输入字符串\n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsNumber(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"^\\d+(\\.\\d+)?$\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " /// \n", " /// 是否是浮点数\n", " /// \n", " /// 输入字符串\n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsDecimal(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"^(-?\\d+)(\\.\\d+)?$\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 业务常用\n", "\n", " #region 中文检测\n", " /// \n", " /// 检测是否有中文字符\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsZhCN(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, \"[\\u4e00-\\u9fa5]\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 邮箱验证\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断邮箱地址是否正确\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsEmail(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"^([\\w-\\.]+)@((\\[[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.)|(([\\w-]+\\.)+))([a-zA-Z]{2,4}|[0-9]{1,3})(\\]?)$\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region IP系列验证\n", " /// \n", " /// 是否为ip\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsIP(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"^((2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5]|[01]?\\d\\d?)\\.){3}(2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5]|[01]?\\d\\d?)$\");\n", " }\n", "\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断输入的字符串是否是表示一个IP地址 \n", " /// \n", " /// 被比较的字符串 \n", " /// 是IP地址则为True \n", " public static bool IsIPv4(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " string[] IPs = objStr.Split('.');\n", " for (int i = 0; i < IPs.Length; i++)\n", " {\n", " if (!Regex.IsMatch(IPs[i], @\"^\\d+$\"))\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " if (Convert.ToUInt16(IPs[i]) > 255)\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " return true;\n", " }\n", "\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断输入的字符串是否是合法的IPV6 地址 \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsIPV6(string input)\n", " {\n", " string temp = input;\n", " string[] strs = temp.Split(':');\n", " if (strs.Length > 8)\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " int count = input.GetStrCount(\"::\");\n", " if (count > 1)\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " else if (count == 0)\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(input, @\"^([\\da-f]{1,4}:){7}[\\da-f]{1,4}$\");\n", " }\n", " else\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(input, @\"^([\\da-f]{1,4}:){0,5}::([\\da-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[\\da-f]{1,4}$\");\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 网址系列验证\n", " /// \n", " /// 验证网址是否正确（http:或者https:）【后期添加 // 的情况】\n", " /// \n", " /// 地址\n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsWebUrl(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"http://([\\w-]+\\.)+[\\w-]+(/[\\w- ./?%&=]*)?|https://([\\w-]+\\.)+[\\w-]+(/[\\w- ./?%&=]*)?\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " /// \n", " /// 判断输入的字符串是否是一个超链接 \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsURL(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " string pattern = @\"^[a-zA-Z]+://(\\w+(-\\w+)*)(\\.(\\w+(-\\w+)*))*(\\?\\S*)?$\";\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, pattern);\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 邮政编码验证\n", " /// \n", " /// 验证邮政编码是否正确\n", " /// \n", " /// 输入字符串\n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsZipCode(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"\\d{6}\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 电话+手机验证\n", " /// \n", " /// 验证手机号是否正确\n", " /// \n", " /// 手机号\n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsMobile(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"^13[0-9]{9}|15[012356789][0-9]{8}|18[0123456789][0-9]{8}|147[0-9]{8}$\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " /// \n", " /// 匹配3位或4位区号的电话号码，其中区号可以用小括号括起来，也可以不用，区号与本地号间可以用连字号或空格间隔，也可以没有间隔 \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsPhone(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, \"^\\\\(0\\\\d{2}\\\\)[- ]?\\\\d{8}$|^0\\\\d{2}[- ]?\\\\d{8}$|^\\\\(0\\\\d{3}\\\\)[- ]?\\\\d{7}$|^0\\\\d{3}[- ]?\\\\d{7}$\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #region 字母或数字验证\n", " /// \n", " /// 是否只是字母或数字\n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " /// \n", " public static bool IsAbcOr123(this string objStr)\n", " {\n", " try\n", " {\n", " return Regex.IsMatch(objStr, @\"^[0-9a-zA-Z\\$]+$\");\n", " }\n", " catch\n", " {\n", " return false;\n", " }\n", " }\n", " #endregion\n", "\n", " #endregion\n", "}\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.6.5" } }, "nbformat": 4, 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