![LVGL for PinePhone (and WebAssembly) with Zig and Apache NuttX RTOS](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl4-title.jpg) # LVGL for PinePhone (and WebAssembly) with Zig and Apache NuttX RTOS Read the articles... - ["NuttX RTOS for PinePhone: Feature Phone UI in LVGL, Zig and WebAssembly"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl4) - ["(Possibly) LVGL in WebAssembly with Zig Compiler"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl3) - ["NuttX RTOS for PinePhone: Boot to LVGL"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl2) - ["Build an LVGL Touchscreen App with Zig"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl) Can we build an __LVGL App in Zig__ for PinePhone... That will run on Apache NuttX RTOS? Can we preview a PinePhone App with __Zig, LVGL and WebAssembly__ in a Web Browser? To make the UI Coding a little easier? Let's find out! # LVGL Zig App Let's run this LVGL Zig App on PinePhone... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/c7a33f1fe3af4babaa8bc5502ca2b719ae95c2ca/lvgltest.zig#L55-L89 _How is createWidgetsWrapped called?_ `createWidgetsWrapped` will be called by the LVGL Widget Demo [`lv_demo_widgets`](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/demos/widgets/lv_demo_widgets.c#L96-L198), which we'll replace by this Zig version... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/c7a33f1fe3af4babaa8bc5502ca2b719ae95c2ca/lvgltest.zig#L32-L41 _Where's the Zig Wrapper for LVGL?_ Our Zig Wrapper for LVGL is defined here... - [lvgl.zig](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/main/lvgl.zig) We also have a version of the LVGL Zig Code that doesn't call the Zig Wrapper... - [lvgltest.zig](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/c7a33f1fe3af4babaa8bc5502ca2b719ae95c2ca/lvgltest.zig#L91-L126) # Build LVGL Zig App NuttX Build runs this GCC Command to compile [lv_demo_widgets.c](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/demos/widgets/lv_demo_widgets.c#L96-L198) for PinePhone... ```bash $ make --trace ... cd $HOME/PinePhone/wip-nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl aarch64-none-elf-gcc -c -fno-common -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wshadow -Wundef -Werror -Os -fno-strict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer -g -march=armv8-a -mtune=cortex-a53 -isystem $HOME/PinePhone/wip-nuttx/nuttx/include -D__NuttX__ -pipe -I $HOME/PinePhone/wip-nuttx/apps/graphics/lvgl -I "$HOME/PinePhone/wip-nuttx/apps/include" -Wno-format -Wno-unused-variable "-I./lvgl/src/core" "-I./lvgl/src/draw" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/sdl" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/sw" "-I./lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" "-I./lvgl/src/font" "-I./lvgl/src/hal" "-I./lvgl/src/misc" "-I./lvgl/src/widgets" "-DLV_ASSERT_HANDLER=ASSERT(0);" lvgl/demos/widgets/lv_demo_widgets.c -o lvgl/demos/widgets/lv_demo_widgets.c.Users.Luppy.PinePhone.wip-nuttx.apps.graphics.lvgl.o ``` We'll copy the above GCC Options to the Zig Compiler and build this Zig Program for PinePhone... - [lvgltest.zig](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/main/lvgltest.zig) Here's the Shell Script... ```bash ## Build the LVGL Zig App function build_zig { ## Go to LVGL Zig Folder pushd ../pinephone-lvgl-zig git pull ## Check that NuttX Build has completed and `lv_demo_widgets.*.o` exists if [ ! -f ../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/demos/widgets/lv_demo_widgets.*.o ] then echo "*** Error: Build NuttX first before building Zig app" exit 1 fi ## Compile the Zig App for PinePhone ## (armv8-a with cortex-a53) ## TODO: Change ".." to your NuttX Project Directory zig build-obj \ --verbose-cimport \ -target aarch64-freestanding-none \ -mcpu cortex_a53 \ -isystem "../nuttx/include" \ -I "../apps/include" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/core" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sdl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/font" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/hal" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/misc" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/widgets" \ lvgltest.zig ## Copy the compiled app to NuttX and overwrite `lv_demo_widgets.*.o` ## TODO: Change ".." to your NuttX Project Directory cp lvgltest.o \ ../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/demos/widgets/lv_demo_widgets.*.o ## Return to NuttX Folder popd } ## Download the LVGL Zig App git clone https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig ## Build NuttX for PinePhone cd nuttx make -j ## Build the LVGL Zig App build_zig ## Link the LVGL Zig App with NuttX make -j ``` [(Original Build Script)](https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/aa1f5c0c45e6029b10e5e2f955d8386c) [(Updated Build Script)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/2e1c97e49e51b1cbbe0964a9512eba141d0dd09f/build.sh#L192-L223) [(NuttX Build Files)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/releases/tag/nuttx-build-files) And our LVGL Zig App runs OK on PinePhone! ![LVGL for PinePhone with Zig and Apache NuttX RTOS](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl2-zig.jpg) # Simulate PinePhone UI with Zig, LVGL and WebAssembly Read the article... - ["(Possibly) LVGL in WebAssembly with Zig Compiler"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl3) We're now building a __Feature Phone UI__ for NuttX on PinePhone... Can we simulate the Feature Phone UI with __Zig, LVGL and WebAssembly__ in a Web Browser? To make the UI Coding a little easier? We have previously created a simple __LVGL App with Zig__ for PinePhone... - [pinephone-lvgl-zig](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig) Zig natively supports __WebAssembly__... - [WebAssembly on Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#WebAssembly) So we might run __Zig + JavaScript__ in a Web Browser like so... - [WebAssembly With Zig in a Web Browser](https://dev.to/sleibrock/webassembly-with-zig-pt-ii-ei7) But LVGL doesn't work with JavaScript yet. LVGL runs in a Web Browser by compiling with Emscripten and SDL... - [LVGL with Emscripten and SDL](https://github.com/lvgl/lv_web_emscripten) Therefore we shall do this... 1. Use Zig to compile LVGL from C to WebAssembly [(With `zig cc`)](https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx#zig-compiler-as-drop-in-replacement-for-gcc) 1. Use Zig to connect the JavaScript UI (canvas rendering + input events) to LVGL WebAssembly [(Like this)](https://dev.to/sleibrock/webassembly-with-zig-pt-ii-ei7) # WebAssembly Demo with Zig and JavaScript We can run __Zig (WebAssembly) + JavaScript__ in a Web Browser like so... - [WebAssembly With Zig in a Web Browser](https://dev.to/sleibrock/webassembly-with-zig-pt-ii-ei7) Let's run a simple demo... - [demo/mandelbrot.zig](demo/mandelbrot.zig): Zig Program that compiles to WebAssembly - [demo/game.js](demo/game.js): JavaScript that loads the Zig WebAssembly - [demo/demo.html](demo/demo.html): HTML that calls the JavaScript To compile Zig to WebAssembly... ```bash git clone --recursive https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig cd pinephone-lvgl-zig cd demo zig build-lib \ mandelbrot.zig \ -target wasm32-freestanding \ -dynamic \ -rdynamic ``` [(According to this)](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Freestanding) This produces the Compiled WebAssembly [`mandelbrot.wasm`](mandelbrot.wasm). Start a Local Web Server. [(Like Web Server for Chrome)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/web-server-for-chrome/ofhbbkphhbklhfoeikjpcbhemlocgigb) Browse to `demo/demo.html`. We should see the Mandelbrot Set yay! ![Mandelbrot Set rendered with Zig and WebAssembly](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/zig-wasm.png) # Import JavaScript Functions into Zig _How do we import JavaScript Functions into our Zig Program?_ This is documented here... - [WebAssembly on Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#WebAssembly) In our Zig Program, this is how we import and call a JavaScript Function: [demo/mandelbrot.zig](demo/mandelbrot.zig) ```zig /// Import `print` Function from JavaScript extern fn print(i32) void; ... // Test printing to JavaScript Console. // Warning: This is slow! if (iterations == 1) { print(iterations); } ``` We define the JavaScript Function `print` when loading the WebAssembly Module in our JavaScript: [demo/game.js](demo/game.js) ```javascript // Export JavaScript Functions to Zig let importObject = { // JavaScript Environment exported to Zig env: { // JavaScript Print Function exported to Zig print: function(x) { console.log(x); } } }; // Load the WebAssembly Module // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly/JavaScript_interface/instantiateStreaming async function bootstrap() { // Store references to WebAssembly Functions and Memory exported by Zig Game = await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming( fetch("mandelbrot.wasm"), importObject ); // Start the Main Function main(); } // Start the loading of WebAssembly Module bootstrap(); ``` _Will this work for passing Strings and Buffers as parameters?_ Nope, the parameter will be passed as a number. (Probably a WebAssembly Data Address) To pass Strings and Buffers between JavaScript and Zig, see [daneelsan/zig-wasm-logger](https://github.com/daneelsan/zig-wasm-logger). # Compile Zig LVGL App to WebAssembly _Does our Zig LVGL App lvgltest.zig compile to WebAssembly?_ Let's take the earlier steps to compile our Zig LVGL App `lvgltest.zig`. To compile for WebAssembly, we change... - `zig build-obj` to `zig build-lib` - Target becomes `-target wasm32-freestanding` - Remove `-mcpu` - Add `-dynamic` and `-rdynamic` Like this... ```bash ## Compile the Zig App for WebAssembly ## TODO: Change ".." to your NuttX Project Directory zig build-lib \ --verbose-cimport \ -target wasm32-freestanding \ -dynamic \ -rdynamic \ -isystem "../nuttx/include" \ -I "../apps/include" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/core" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sdl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/font" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/hal" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/misc" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/widgets" \ lvgltest.zig ``` [(According to this)](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Freestanding) [(NuttX Build Files)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/releases/tag/nuttx-build-files) OK no errors, this produces the Compiled WebAssembly `lvgltest.wasm`. Now we tweak [`lvgltest.zig`](lvgltest.zig) for WebAssembly, and call it [`lvglwasm.zig`](lvglwasm.zig)... ```bash ## Compile the Zig App for WebAssembly ## TODO: Change ".." to your NuttX Project Directory zig build-lib \ --verbose-cimport \ -target wasm32-freestanding \ -dynamic \ -rdynamic \ -isystem "../nuttx/include" \ -I "../apps/include" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/core" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sdl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/font" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/hal" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/misc" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/widgets" \ lvglwasm.zig ``` [(According to this)](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Freestanding) [(NuttX Build Files)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/releases/tag/nuttx-build-files) (We removed our Custom Panic Handler, the default one works fine for WebAssembly) This produces the Compiled WebAssembly [`lvglwasm.wasm`](lvglwasm.wasm). Start a Local Web Server. [(Like Web Server for Chrome)](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/web-server-for-chrome/ofhbbkphhbklhfoeikjpcbhemlocgigb) Browse to our HTML [`lvglwasm.html`](lvglwasm.html). Which calls our JavaScript [`lvglwasm.js`](lvglwasm.js) to load the Compiled WebAssembly. Our JavaScript [`lvglwasm.js`](lvglwasm.js) calls the Zig Function `lv_demo_widgets` that's exported to WebAssembly by our Zig App [`lvglwasm.zig`](lvglwasm.zig). But the WebAssembly won't load because we haven't fixed the WebAssembly Imports... # Fix WebAssembly Imports _What happens if we don't fix the WebAssembly Imports in our Zig Program?_ Suppose we forgot to import `puts()`. JavaScript Console will show this error when the Web Browser loads our Zig WebAssembly... ```text Uncaught (in promise) LinkError: WebAssembly.instantiate(): Import #0 module="env" function="puts" error: function import requires a callable ``` _But we haven't compiled the LVGL Library to WebAssembly!_ Yep that's why LVGL Functions like `lv_label_create` are failing when the Web Browser loads our Zig WebAssembly... ```text Uncaught (in promise) LinkError: WebAssembly.instantiate(): Import #1 module="env" function="lv_label_create" error: function import requires a callable ``` We need to compile the LVGL Library with `zig cc` and link it in... # Compile LVGL to WebAssembly with Zig Compiler _How to compile LVGL from C to WebAssembly with Zig Compiler?_ We'll use [`zig cc`](https://github.com/lupyuen/zig-bl602-nuttx#zig-compiler-as-drop-in-replacement-for-gcc), since Zig can compile C programs to WebAssembly. In the previous section, we're missing the LVGL Function `lv_label_create` in our Zig WebAssembly Module. `lv_label_create` is defined in this file... ```text apps/lvgl/src/widgets/lv_label.c ``` According to `make --trace`, `lv_label.c` is compiled with... ```bash ## Compile LVGL in C ## TODO: Change "../../.." to your NuttX Project Directory cd apps/graphics/lvgl aarch64-none-elf-gcc \ -c \ -fno-common \ -Wall \ -Wstrict-prototypes \ -Wshadow \ -Wundef \ -Werror \ -Os \ -fno-strict-aliasing \ -fomit-frame-pointer \ -ffunction-sections \ -fdata-sections \ -g \ -march=armv8-a \ -mtune=cortex-a53 \ -isystem ../../../nuttx/include \ -D__NuttX__ \ -pipe \ -I ../../../apps/graphics/lvgl \ -I "../../../apps/include" \ -Wno-format \ -Wno-format-security \ -Wno-unused-variable \ "-I./lvgl/src/core" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/sdl" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/sw" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" \ "-I./lvgl/src/font" \ "-I./lvgl/src/hal" \ "-I./lvgl/src/misc" \ "-I./lvgl/src/widgets" \ "-DLV_ASSERT_HANDLER=ASSERT(0);" \ ./lvgl/src/widgets/lv_label.c \ -o lv_label.c.Users.Luppy.PinePhone.wip-nuttx.apps.graphics.lvgl.o ``` Let's use the Zig Compiler to compile `lv_label.c` from C to WebAssembly.... - Change `aarch64-none-elf-gcc` to `zig cc` - Remove `-march`, `-mtune` - Add the target `-target wasm32-freestanding` - Add `-dynamic` and `-rdynamic` - Add `-lc` (because we're calling C Standard Library) - Add `-DFAR=` (because we won't need Far Pointers) - Add `-DLV_MEM_CUSTOM=1` (because we're using `malloc` instead of LVGL's TLSF Allocator) - Set the Default Font to Montserrat 20... ```text -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14=1 \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_FONT_DEFAULT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_USE_FONT_PLACEHOLDER=1 \ ``` - Add `-DLV_USE_LOG=1` (to enable logging) - Add `-DLV_LOG_LEVEL=LV_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE` (for detailed logging) - For extra logging... ```text -DLV_LOG_TRACE_OBJ_CREATE=1 \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_TIMER=1 \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_MEM=1 \ ``` - Change `"-DLV_ASSERT_HANDLER..."` to... ```text "-DLV_ASSERT_HANDLER={void lv_assert_handler(void); lv_assert_handler();}" ``` [(To handle Assertion Failures ourselves)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/bee0e8d8ab9eae3a8c7cea6c64cc7896a5678f53/lvglwasm.zig#L170-L190) - Change the output to... ```text -o ../../../pinephone-lvgl-zig/lv_label.o` ``` Like this... ```bash ## Compile LVGL from C to WebAssembly ## TODO: Change "../../.." to your NuttX Project Directory cd apps/graphics/lvgl zig cc \ -target wasm32-freestanding \ -dynamic \ -rdynamic \ -lc \ -DFAR= \ -DLV_MEM_CUSTOM=1 \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14=1 \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_FONT_DEFAULT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_USE_FONT_PLACEHOLDER=1 \ -DLV_USE_LOG=1 \ -DLV_LOG_LEVEL=LV_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_OBJ_CREATE=1 \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_TIMER=1 \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_MEM=1 \ "-DLV_ASSERT_HANDLER={void lv_assert_handler(void); lv_assert_handler();}" \ -c \ -fno-common \ -Wall \ -Wstrict-prototypes \ -Wshadow \ -Wundef \ -Werror \ -Os \ -fno-strict-aliasing \ -fomit-frame-pointer \ -ffunction-sections \ -fdata-sections \ -g \ -isystem ../../../nuttx/include \ -D__NuttX__ \ -pipe \ -I ../../../apps/graphics/lvgl \ -I "../../../apps/include" \ -Wno-format \ -Wno-format-security \ -Wno-unused-variable \ "-I./lvgl/src/core" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/sdl" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/sw" \ "-I./lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" \ "-I./lvgl/src/font" \ "-I./lvgl/src/hal" \ "-I./lvgl/src/misc" \ "-I./lvgl/src/widgets" \ ./lvgl/src/widgets/lv_label.c \ -o ../../../pinephone-lvgl-zig/lv_label.o ``` [(NuttX Build Files)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/releases/tag/nuttx-build-files) This produces the Compiled WebAssembly `lv_label.o`. _Will Zig Compiler let us link `lv_label.o` with our Zig LVGL App?_ Let's ask Zig Compiler to link `lv_label.o` with our Zig LVGL App [`lvglwasm.zig`](lvglwasm.zig)... ```bash ## Compile the Zig App for WebAssembly ## TODO: Change ".." to your NuttX Project Directory zig build-lib \ --verbose-cimport \ -target wasm32-freestanding \ -dynamic \ -rdynamic \ -lc \ -DFAR= \ -DLV_MEM_CUSTOM=1 \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14=1 \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_FONT_DEFAULT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_USE_FONT_PLACEHOLDER=1 \ -DLV_USE_LOG=1 \ -DLV_LOG_LEVEL=LV_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_OBJ_CREATE=1 \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_TIMER=1 \ -DLV_LOG_TRACE_MEM=1 \ "-DLV_ASSERT_HANDLER={void lv_assert_handler(void); lv_assert_handler();}" \ -I . \ -isystem "../nuttx/include" \ -I "../apps/include" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/core" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/arm2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/pxp" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/nxp/vglite" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sdl" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/stm32_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/sw" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/draw/swm341_dma2d" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/font" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/hal" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/misc" \ -I "../apps/graphics/lvgl/lvgl/src/widgets" \ lvglwasm.zig \ lv_label.o ``` [(Source)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/2e1c97e49e51b1cbbe0964a9512eba141d0dd09f/build.sh#L87-L191) [(NuttX Build Files)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/releases/tag/nuttx-build-files) Now we see this error in the Web Browser... ```text Uncaught (in promise) LinkError: WebAssembly.instantiate(): Import #0 module="env" function="lv_obj_clear_flag" error: function import requires a callable ``` `lv_label_create` is no longer missing, because Zig Compiler has linked `lv_label.o` into our Zig LVGL App. Yep Zig Compiler will happily link WebAssembly Object Files with our Zig App yay! Now we need to compile `lv_obj_clear_flag` and the other LVGL Files from C to WebAssembly with Zig Compiler... # Compile Entire LVGL Library to WebAssembly When we track down `lv_obj_clear_flag` and the other Missing Functions (by sheer tenacity), we get this trail of LVGL Source Files that need to be compiled from C to WebAssembly... ```text widgets/lv_label.c core/lv_obj.c misc/lv_mem.c core/lv_event.c core/lv_obj_style.c core/lv_obj_pos.c misc/lv_txt.c draw/lv_draw_label.c core/lv_obj_draw.c misc/lv_area.c core/lv_obj_scroll.c font/lv_font.c core/lv_obj_class.c (And many more) ``` [(Based on LVGL 8.3.3)](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/tree/v8.3.3) So we wrote a script to compile the above LVGL Source Files from C to WebAssembly with `zig cc`... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/2e1c97e49e51b1cbbe0964a9512eba141d0dd09f/build.sh#L7-L191 Which calls `compile_lvgl` to compile a single LVGL Source File from C to WebAssembly with `zig cc`... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/2e1c97e49e51b1cbbe0964a9512eba141d0dd09f/build.sh#L226-L288 _What happens after we compile the whole bunch of LVGL Source Files from C to WebAssembly?_ Now the Web Browser says that `strlen` is missing... ```text Uncaught (in promise) LinkError: WebAssembly.instantiate(): Import #0 module="env" function="strlen" error: function import requires a callable ``` Let's fix `strlen`... _Is it really OK to compile only the necessary LVGL Source Files? Instead of compiling ALL the LVGL Source Files?_ Be careful! We might miss out some symbols. Zig Compiler happily assumes that they are at WebAssembly Address 0... - ["LVGL Screen Not Found"](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig#lvgl-screen-not-found) And remember to compile the LVGL Fonts! - ["LVGL Fonts"](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig#lvgl-fonts) TODO: Disassemble the Compiled WebAssembly and look for other Undefined Variables at WebAssembly Address 0 # C Standard Library is Missing _strlen is missing from our Zig WebAssembly..._ _But strlen should come from the C Standard Library! (musl)_ Not sure why `strlen` is missing, but we fixed it temporarily by copying from the Zig Library Source Code... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/e99593df6b46ced52f3f8ed644b9c6e455a9d682/lvglwasm.zig#L213-L265 This seems to be the [same problem mentioned here](https://github.com/andrewrk/lua-in-the-browser#status). [(Referenced by this pull request)](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/pull/2512) [(And this issue)](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/5854) TODO: Maybe because we didn't export `strlen` in our Main Program `lvglwasm.zig`? TODO: Do we compile C Standard Library ourselves? From musl? Newlib? [wasi-libc](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-libc)? _What if we change the target to `wasm32-freestanding-musl`?_ Nope doesn't help, same problem. _What if we use `zig build-exe` instead of `zig build-lib`?_ Sorry `zig build-exe` is meant for building WASI Executables. [(See this)](https://www.fermyon.com/wasm-languages/c-lang) `zig build-exe` is not supposed to work for WebAssembly in the Web Browser. [(See this)](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/1570#issuecomment-426370371) # LVGL Porting Layer for WebAssembly LVGL expects us to provide a `millis` function that returns the number of elapsed milliseconds... ```text Uncaught (in promise) LinkError: WebAssembly.instantiate(): Import #0 module="env" function="millis" error: function import requires a callable ``` We implement `millis` ourselves for WebAssembly... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/bee0e8d8ab9eae3a8c7cea6c64cc7896a5678f53/lvglwasm.zig#L170-L190 TODO: Fix `millis`. How would it work in WebAssembly? Using a counter? In the code above, we defined `lv_assert_handler` and `custom_logger` to handle Assertions and Logging in LVGL. Let's talk about LVGL Logging... # WebAssembly Logger for LVGL Let's trace the LVGL Execution with a WebAssembly Logger. (Remember: `printf` won't work in WebAssembly) We set the Custom Logger for LVGL, so that we can print Log Messages to the JavaScript Console... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/f9dc7e1afba2f876c8397d753a79a9cb40b90b75/lvglwasm.zig#L32-L43 The Custom Logger is defined in our Zig Program... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/f9dc7e1afba2f876c8397d753a79a9cb40b90b75/lvglwasm.zig#L149-L152 `wasmlog` is our Zig Logger for WebAssembly: [wasmlog.zig](wasmlog.zig) (Based on [daneelsan/zig-wasm-logger](https://github.com/daneelsan/zig-wasm-logger)) `jsConsoleLogWrite` and `jsConsoleLogFlush` are defined in our JavaScript... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/1ed4940d505e263727a36c362da54388be4cbca0/lvglwasm.js#L55-L66 `wasm.getString` also comes from our JavaScript... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/1ed4940d505e263727a36c362da54388be4cbca0/lvglwasm.js#L10-L27 Now we can see the LVGL Log Messages in the JavaScript Console yay! (Pic below) ```text custom_logger: [Warn] (0.001, +1) lv_disp_get_scr_act: no display registered to get its active screen (in lv_disp.c line #54) ``` Let's initialise the LVGL Display... ![WebAssembly Logger for LVGL](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/zig-wasm2.png) # Initialise LVGL Display According to the LVGL Docs, this is how we initialise and operate LVGL... 1. Call `lv_init()` 1. Register the LVGL Display and LVGL Input Devices 1. Call `lv_tick_inc(x)` every x milliseconds in an interrupt to report the elapsed time to LVGL (Not required, because LVGL calls `millis` to fetch the elapsed time) 1. Call `lv_timer_handler()` every few milliseconds to handle LVGL related tasks [(Source)](https://docs.lvgl.io/8.3/porting/project.html#initialization) To register the LVGL Display, we should do this... - [Create LVGL Draw Buffer](https://docs.lvgl.io/8.3/porting/display.html#draw-buffer) - [Register LVGL Display](https://docs.lvgl.io/8.3/porting/display.html#examples) But we can't do this in Zig... ```zig // Nope! lv_disp_drv_t is an Opaque Type var disp_drv = c.lv_disp_drv_t{}; c.lv_disp_drv_init(&disp_drv); ``` Because `lv_disp_drv_t` is an Opaque Type. [(`lv_disp_drv_t` contains Bit Fields, hence it's Opaque)](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl#appendix-zig-opaque-types) Thus we apply this workaround to create `lv_disp_drv_t` in C... - ["Fix Opaque Types"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl#fix-opaque-types) And we get this LVGL Display Interface for Zig: [display.c](display.c) Finally this is how we initialise the LVGL Display in Zig WebAssembly... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/d584f43c6354f12bdc15bdb8632cdd3f6f5dc7ff/lvglwasm.zig#L38-L84 Now we handle LVGL Tasks... # Handle LVGL Tasks Earlier we talked about __handling LVGL Tasks__... 1. Call __lv_tick_inc(x)__ every __x__ milliseconds (in an Interrupt) to report the __Elapsed Time__ to LVGL [(Not required, because LVGL calls __millis__ to fetch the Elapsed Time)](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl3#lvgl-porting-layer-for-webassembly) 1. Call __lv_timer_handler__ every few milliseconds to handle __LVGL Tasks__ [(From the __LVGL Docs__)](https://docs.lvgl.io/8.3/porting/project.html#initialization) This is how we call __lv_timer_handler__ in Zig: [lvglwasm.zig](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/main/lvglwasm.zig#L69-L85) ```zig /// Main Function for our Zig LVGL App pub export fn lv_demo_widgets() void { // Omitted: Init LVGL Display // Create the widgets for display createWidgetsWrapped() catch |e| { // In case of error, quit std.log.err("createWidgetsWrapped failed: {}", .{e}); return; }; // Handle LVGL Tasks // TODO: Call this from Web Browser JavaScript, // so that Web Browser won't block var i: usize = 0; while (i < 5) : (i += 1) { _ = c.lv_timer_handler(); } ``` We're ready to render the LVGL Display in our HTML Page! _Something doesn't look right..._ Yeah we should have called __lv_timer_handler__ from our JavaScript. (Triggered by a JavaScript Timer or __requestAnimationFrame__) But for our quick demo, this will do. For now! ![Render LVGL Display in WebAssembly](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl3-render.jpg) # Render LVGL Display in Web Browser Let's render the LVGL Display in the Web Browser! (Pic above) (Based on [daneelsan/minimal-zig-wasm-canvas](https://github.com/daneelsan/minimal-zig-wasm-canvas)) LVGL renders the display pixels to `canvas_buffer`... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/5e4d661a7a9a962260d1f63c3b79a688037ed642/display.c#L95-L107 [(`init_disp_buf` is called by our Zig Program)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/d584f43c6354f12bdc15bdb8632cdd3f6f5dc7ff/lvglwasm.zig#L49-L63) LVGL calls `flushDisplay` (in Zig) when the LVGL Display Canvas is ready to be rendered... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/d584f43c6354f12bdc15bdb8632cdd3f6f5dc7ff/lvglwasm.zig#L49-L63 `flushDisplay` (in Zig) calls `render` (in JavaScript) to render the LVGL Display Canvas... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/d584f43c6354f12bdc15bdb8632cdd3f6f5dc7ff/lvglwasm.zig#L86-L98 (Remember to call `lv_disp_flush_ready` or Web Browser will hang on reload) `render` (in JavaScript) draws the LVGL Display to our HTML Canvas... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/1ed4940d505e263727a36c362da54388be4cbca0/lvglwasm.js#L29-L53 Which calls [`getCanvasBuffer`](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/d584f43c6354f12bdc15bdb8632cdd3f6f5dc7ff/lvglwasm.zig#L100-L104) (in Zig) and `get_canvas_buffer` (in C) to fetch the LVGL Canvas Buffer `canvas_buffer`... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/5e4d661a7a9a962260d1f63c3b79a688037ed642/display.c#L9-L29 Remember to set Direct Mode in the Display Driver! https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/86700c3453d91bc7d2fe0a46192fa41b7a24b6df/display.c#L94-L95 And the LVGL Display renders OK in our HTML Canvas yay! (Pic below) ![Render LVGL Display in Web Browser](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/zig-wasm3.png) # Handle LVGL Timer To execute LVGL Tasks periodically, here's the proper way to handle the LVGL Timer in JavaScript... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/435435e01a4ffada2c93ecc3ec1af73a6220e7a0/feature-phone.js#L134-L150 `handleTimer` comes from our Zig LVGL App, it executes LVGL Tasks periodically... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/86700c3453d91bc7d2fe0a46192fa41b7a24b6df/feature-phone.zig#L213-L222 # Handle LVGL Input Let's handle Mouse and Touch Input in LVGL! We create an LVGL Button in our Zig LVGL App... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/86700c3453d91bc7d2fe0a46192fa41b7a24b6df/feature-phone.zig#L185-L196 `eventHandler` is our Zig Handler for Button Events... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/86700c3453d91bc7d2fe0a46192fa41b7a24b6df/feature-phone.zig#L198-L208 When our app starts, we register the LVGL Input Device... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/7eb99b6c4deca82310e42d30808944f25bb6255c/feature-phone.zig#L69-L75 [(We define `register_input` in C because `lv_indev_t` is an Opaque Type in Zig)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/main/display.c) This tells LVGL to call `readInput` periodically to poll for input. (More about this below) `indev_drv` is our LVGL Input Device Driver... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/7eb99b6c4deca82310e42d30808944f25bb6255c/feature-phone.zig#L287-L288 Now we handle Mouse and Touch Events in our JavaScript... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/435435e01a4ffada2c93ecc3ec1af73a6220e7a0/feature-phone.js#L77-L123 Which calls `notifyInput` in our Zig App to set the Input State and Input Coordinates... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/86700c3453d91bc7d2fe0a46192fa41b7a24b6df/feature-phone.zig#L224-L235 LVGL polls our `readInput` Zig Function periodically to read the Input State and Input Coordinates... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/86700c3453d91bc7d2fe0a46192fa41b7a24b6df/feature-phone.zig#L237-L253 [(We define `set_input_data` in C because `lv_indev_data_t` is an Opaque Type in Zig)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/main/display.c) And the LVGL Button will respond correctly to Mouse and Touch Input in the Web Browser! (Pic below) [(Try the LVGL Button Demo)](https://lupyuen.github.io/pinephone-lvgl-zig/feature-phone.html) [(Watch the demo on YouTube)](https://youtube.com/shorts/J6ugzVyKC4U?feature=share) [(See the log)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/e70b2df50fa562bec7e02f24191dbbb1e5a7553a/README.md#todo) ![Handle LVGL Input](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl3-wasm4.png) # Feature Phone UI Read the article... - ["NuttX RTOS for PinePhone: Feature Phone UI in LVGL, Zig and WebAssembly"](https://lupyuen.github.io/articles/lvgl4) Let's create a Feature Phone UI for PinePhone on Apache NuttX RTOS! We create 3 LVGL Containers for the Display Label, Call / Cancel Buttons and Digit Buttons... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/b8b12209dc99a7c477aaeaa475362e795f9b05fc/feature-phone.zig#L113-L136 We create the Display Label... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/b8b12209dc99a7c477aaeaa475362e795f9b05fc/feature-phone.zig#L139-L167 Then we create the Call and Cancel Buttons inside the Second Container... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/b8b12209dc99a7c477aaeaa475362e795f9b05fc/feature-phone.zig#L169-L184 Finally we create the Digit Buttons inside the Third Container... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/b8b12209dc99a7c477aaeaa475362e795f9b05fc/feature-phone.zig#L186-L201 [(Or use an LVGL Button Matrix)](https://docs.lvgl.io/8.3/widgets/core/btnmatrix.html) When we test our Zig LVGL App in WebAssembly, we see this... ![Feature Phone UI](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl3-wasm5.png) [(Try the Feature Phone Demo)](https://lupyuen.github.io/pinephone-lvgl-zig/feature-phone.html) [(Watch the demo on YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/iKa0bcSa22U) [(See the log)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/1feb919e17018222dd3ebf79b206de97eb4cfbeb/README.md#output-log) # Handle Buttons in Feature Phone UI Now that we have rendered the Feature Phone UI in Zig and LVGL, let's wire up the Buttons. Clicking any Button will call our Button Event Handler... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/9650c4bc2ef8065410ca4e643cde6ab6ae2d2f7d/feature-phone.zig#L189-L197 In our Button Event Handler, we identify the Button Clicked... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/9650c4bc2ef8065410ca4e643cde6ab6ae2d2f7d/feature-phone.zig#L205-L220 If it's a Digit Button, we append the Digit to the Phone Number... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/9650c4bc2ef8065410ca4e643cde6ab6ae2d2f7d/feature-phone.zig#L238-L242 If it's the Cancel Button, we erase the last digit of the Phone Number... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/9650c4bc2ef8065410ca4e643cde6ab6ae2d2f7d/feature-phone.zig#L232-L238 If it's the Call Button, we call PinePhone's LTE Modem to dial the Phone Number... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/9650c4bc2ef8065410ca4e643cde6ab6ae2d2f7d/feature-phone.zig#L222-L231 (Simulated for WebAssembly) The buttons work OK on WebAssembly. (Pic below) Let's run the Feature Phone UI on PinePhone and Apache NuttX RTOS! ![Feature Phone UI](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl3-wasm6.png) [(Try the Feature Phone Demo)](https://lupyuen.github.io/pinephone-lvgl-zig/feature-phone.html) [(Watch the demo on YouTube)](https://youtu.be/vBKhk5Q6rnE) [(See the log)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/665847f513a44648b0d4ae602d6fcf7cc364a342/README.md#output-log) # Feature Phone UI for Apache NuttX RTOS _We created an LVGL Feature Phone UI for WebAssembly. Will it run on PinePhone?_ Let's refactor the LVGL Feature Phone UI, so that the same Zig Source File will run on BOTH WebAssembly and PinePhone! (With Apache NuttX RTOS) We moved all the WebAssembly-Specific Functions to [`wasm.zig`](wasm.zig)... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/a0ead2b86fda34a23afee71411915ac8315537a0/wasm.zig#L19-L288 Our Zig LVGL App imports [`wasm.zig`](wasm.zig) only when compiling for WebAssembly... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/0aa3a1123ae64aaa75734456ce920de23ddc6aa2/feature-phone.zig#L15-L19 In our JavaScript, we call `initDisplay` (from [`wasm.zig`](wasm.zig)) to initialise the LVGL Display and LVGL Input for WebAssembly... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/521b7c7e06beaa53b1d6c8d88671650bddaae88e/feature-phone.js#L124-L153 _What about PinePhone on Apache NuttX RTOS?_ When compiling for NuttX, our Zig LVGL App imports [`nuttx.zig`](nuttx.zig)... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/0aa3a1123ae64aaa75734456ce920de23ddc6aa2/feature-phone.zig#L15-L19 Which defines the Custom Panic Handler and Custom Logger specific to NuttX... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/f2b768eabaa99ebb0acf5454823871ddf5675a59/nuttx.zig#L7-L70 We compile our Zig LVGL App for NuttX (using the exact same Zig Source File for WebAssembly)... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/4650bc8eb5f4d23fae03d17e82b511682e288f3d/build.sh#L403-L437 And our Feature Phone UI runs on PinePhone with NuttX yay! (Pic below) The exact same Zig Source File runs on both WebAssembly and PinePhone, no changes needed! This is super helpful for creating LVGL Apps. ![Feature Phone UI on PinePhone and Apache NuttX RTOS](https://lupyuen.github.io/images/lvgl3-pinephone.jpg) [(Watch the demo on YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tOUnj0XEP-Q) [(See the PinePhone Log)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/07ec0cd87b7888ac20736a7472643ee5d4758096/README.md#pinephone-log) # LVGL Fonts Remember to compile the LVGL Fonts! Or nothing will be rendered... ```bash ## Compile LVGL Library from C to WebAssembly with Zig Compiler compile_lvgl font/lv_font_montserrat_14.c lv_font_montserrat_14 compile_lvgl font/lv_font_montserrat_20.c lv_font_montserrat_20 ## Compile the Zig LVGL App for WebAssembly zig build-lib \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14=1 \ -DLV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_FONT_DEFAULT_MONTSERRAT_20=1 \ -DLV_USE_FONT_PLACEHOLDER=1 \ ... lv_font_montserrat_14.o \ lv_font_montserrat_20.o \ ``` [(Source)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/2e1c97e49e51b1cbbe0964a9512eba141d0dd09f/build.sh#L21-L191) # LVGL Memory Allocation _What happens if we omit `-DLV_MEM_CUSTOM=1`?_ By default, LVGL uses the [Two-Level Segregate Fit (TLSF) Allocator](http://www.gii.upv.es/tlsf/) for Heap Memory. But TLSF Allocator fails in [`block_next`](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_tlsf.c#L453-L460)... ```text main: start loop: start lv_demo_widgets: start before lv_init [Info] lv_init: begin (in lv_obj.c line #102) [Trace] lv_mem_alloc: allocating 76 bytes (in lv_mem.c line #127) [Trace] lv_mem_alloc: allocated at 0x1a700 (in lv_mem.c line #160) [Trace] lv_mem_alloc: allocating 28 bytes (in lv_mem.c line #127) [Trace] lv_mem_alloc: allocated at 0x1a750 (in lv_mem.c line #160) [Warn] lv_init: Log level is set to 'Trace' which makes LVGL much slower (in lv_obj.c line #176) [Trace] lv_mem_realloc: reallocating 0x14 with 8 size (in lv_mem.c line #196) [Error] block_next: Asserted at expression: !block_is_last(block) (in lv_tlsf.c line #459) 004a5b4a:0x29ab2 Uncaught (in promise) RuntimeError: unreachable at std.builtin.default_panic (004a5b4a:0x29ab2) at lv_assert_handler (004a5b4a:0x2ac6c) at block_next (004a5b4a:0xd5b3) at lv_tlsf_realloc (004a5b4a:0xe226) at lv_mem_realloc (004a5b4a:0x20f1) at lv_layout_register (004a5b4a:0x75d8) at lv_flex_init (004a5b4a:0x16afe) at lv_extra_init (004a5b4a:0x16ae5) at lv_init (004a5b4a:0x3f28) at lv_demo_widgets (004a5b4a:0x29bb9) ``` Thus we set `-DLV_MEM_CUSTOM=1` to use `malloc` instead of LVGL's TLSF Allocator. ([`block_next`](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_tlsf.c#L453-L460) calls [`offset_to_block`](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_tlsf.c#L440-L444), which calls [`tlsf_cast`](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_tlsf.c#L274). Maybe the Pointer Cast doesn't work for Clang WebAssembly?) _But Zig doesn't support `malloc` for WebAssembly!_ We used Zig's FixedBufferAllocator... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/43fa982d38a7ae8f931c171a80b006a9faa95b58/lvglwasm.zig#L38-L44 To implement `malloc` ourselves... https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/43fa982d38a7ae8f931c171a80b006a9faa95b58/lvglwasm.zig#L195-L237 [(Remember to copy the old memory in `realloc`!)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/aade32dd70286866676b2d9728970c6b3cca9489/README.md#todo) [(If we ever remove `-DLV_MEM_CUSTOM=1`, remember to set `-DLV_MEM_SIZE=1000000`)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/aa080fb2ce55f9959cce2b6fff7e5fd5c9907cd6/README.md#lvgl-memory-allocation) TODO: How to disassemble Compiled WebAssembly with cross-reference to Source Code? Like `objdump --source`? See [wabt](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt) and [binaryen](https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen) # LVGL Screen Not Found _Why does LVGL say "no screen found" in [lv_obj_get_disp](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/core/lv_obj_tree.c#L270-L289)?_ That's because the Display Linked List `_lv_disp_ll` is allocated by `LV_ITERATE_ROOTS` in [_lv_gc_clear_roots](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_gc.c#L42)... And we forgot to compile [_lv_gc_clear_roots](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_gc.c#L42) in [lv_gc.c](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_gc.c#L42). Duh! (Zig Compiler assumes that missing variables like `_lv_disp_ll` are at WebAssembly Address 0) After compiling [_lv_gc_clear_roots](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_gc.c#L42) and [lv_gc.c](https://github.com/lvgl/lvgl/blob/v8.3.3/src/misc/lv_gc.c#L42), the "no screen found" error below no longer appears. TODO: Disassemble the Compiled WebAssembly and look for other Undefined Variables at WebAssembly Address 0 ```text [Info] lv_init: begin (in lv_obj.c line #102) [Trace] lv_init: finished (in lv_obj.c line #183) before lv_disp_drv_register [Warn] lv_obj_get_disp: No screen found (in lv_obj_tree.c line #290) [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x12014 class on 0 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Warn] lv_obj_get_disp: No screen found (in lv_obj_tree.c line #290) ``` [(See the Complete Log)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/9610bb5209a072fc5950cf0559b1274d53dd8b8b/README.md#lvgl-screen-not-found) # Zig with Rancher Desktop The [Official Zig Download for macOS](https://ziglang.org/download/) no longer runs on my 10-year-old MacBook Pro that's stuck on macOS 10.15. 😢 To run the latest version of Zig Compiler, I use Rancher Desktop and VSCode Remote Containers... - [VSCode Remote Containers on Rancher Desktop](https://docs.rancherdesktop.io/how-to-guides/vs-code-remote-containers) Here's how... 1. Install [Rancher Desktop](https://rancherdesktop.io/) 1. In Rancher Desktop, click "Settings"... Set "Container Engine" to "dockerd (moby)" Under "Kubernetes", uncheck "Enable Kubernetes" (To reduce CPU Utilisation) 1. Restart VSCode to use the new PATH Install the VSCode Docker Extension In VSCode, click the Docker icon in the Left Bar 1. Under "Containers", click "+" and "New Dev Container" Select "Alpine" 1. In a while, we'll see VSCode running inside the Alpine Linux Container We have finally Linux on macOS! ```text $ uname -a Linux bc0c45900671 5.15.96-0-virt #1-Alpine SMP Sun, 26 Feb 2023 15:14:12 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux ``` 1. Now we can download and run the latest and greatest Zig Compiler for Linux x64 [(from here)](https://ziglang.org/download/) ```bash wget https://ziglang.org/builds/zig-linux-x86_64-0.11.0-dev.3283+7cb3a6750.tar.xz tar -xvf zig-linux-x86_64-0.11.0-dev.3283+7cb3a6750.tar.xz zig-linux-x86_64-0.11.0-dev.3283+7cb3a6750/zig version ``` 1. To install the NuttX Toolchain on Alpine Linux... ["Build Apache NuttX RTOS on Alpine Linux"](https://gist.github.com/lupyuen/880caa0547378028243b8cc5cfdc50a8) 1. To forward Network Ports, click the "Ports" tab beside "Terminal" To configure other features in the Alpine Linux Container, edit the file `.devcontainer/devcontainer.json` # Zig Version (Here's what happens if we don't run Zig in a Container... We're stuck with an older version of Zig) _Which version of Zig are we using?_ We're using an older version: `0.10.0-dev.2351+b64a1d5ab` Sadly Zig 0.10.1 (and later) won't run on my 10-year-old MacBook Pro that's stuck on macOS 10.15 😢 ```text → # Compile the Zig App for PinePhone # (armv8-a with cortex-a53) # TODO: Change ".." to your NuttX Project Directory zig build-obj \ --verbose-cimport \ -target aarch64-freestanding-none \ -mcpu cortex_a53 \ -isystem "../nuttx/include" \ -I "../apps/include" \ lvgltest.zig dyld: lazy symbol binding faileddyld: lazy symbol binding faileddyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: ___ulock_wai: Symbol not found: ___ulock_wait2 Referenced from: /Users/Lupt2 Referenced from: /Users/Lupdyld: lazy symbol binding failedpy/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zig (py/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zig (dyld: lazy symbol binding failedwhich was built for Mac OS X 11.: Symbol not found: ___ulock_wai: Symbol not found: ___ulock_waiwhich was built for Mac OS X 11.7) Expected in: /usr/lib/libSy: Symbol not found: ___ulock_wai7) Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib stem.B.dylib t2 Referenced from: /Users/Lupt2 Referenced from: /Users/Lupt2 Referenced from: /Users/Luppy/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zig (py/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zig (py/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zig (which was built for Mac OS X 11.which was built for Mac OS X 11.which was built for Mac OS X 11.7) Expected in: /usr/lib/libSy7) Expected in: /usr/lib/libSydyld: Symbol not found: ___ulock7) Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib stem.B.dylib _wait2 Referenced from: /Usersstem.B.dylib /Luppy/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zdyld: Symbol not found: ___ulockig (which was built for Mac OS X_wait2 Referenced from: /Users 11.7) Expected in: /usr/lib/ldyld: Symbol not found: ___ulockdyld: Symbol not found: ___ulock/Luppy/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zibSystem.B.dylib _wait2 Referenced from: /Usersig (which was built for Mac OS X_wait2 Referenced from: /Users/Luppy/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/z 11.7) Expected in: /usr/lib/l/Luppy/zig-macos-x86_64-0.10.1/zig (which was built for Mac OS XibSystem.B.dylib ig (which was built for Mac OS X 11.7) Expected in: /usr/lib/l 11.7) Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib ibSystem.B.dylib dyld: Symbol not found: ___ulockdyld: lazy symbol binding faileddyld: lazy symbol binding failed[1] 11157 abort zig build-obj --verbose-cimport -target aarch64-freestanding-none -mcpu -I ``` I tried building Zig from source, but it didn't work either... # Build Zig from Source The [Official Zig Download for macOS](https://ziglang.org/download/) no longer runs on my 10-year-old MacBook Pro that's stuck on macOS 10.15. (See the previous section) So I tried building Zig from Source according to these instructions... - [Building Zig from Source](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Building-Zig-From-Source) Here's what I did... ```bash brew install llvm git clone --recursive https://github.com/ziglang/zig cd zig mkdir build cd build cmake .. -DZIG_STATIC_LLVM=ON -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(brew --prefix llvm);$(brew --prefix zstd)" make install ``` `brew install llvm` failed... [(Previously here)](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/blob/7c6af9cd59788b67b18b85966b78f5b9aaadb10e/README.md#build-zig-from-source) [__UPDATE:__ This has been fixed](https://github.com/lupyuen/pinephone-lvgl-zig/commit/b3e395839047180b67502dbf81a358a1d604b8a9) So I tried building LLVM from source [(from here)](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/How-to-build-LLVM,-libclang,-and-liblld-from-source#posix)... ```bash cd ~/Downloads git clone --depth 1 --branch release/16.x https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project llvm-project-16 cd llvm-project-16 git checkout release/16.x mkdir build-release cd build-release cmake ../llvm \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/local/llvm16-release \ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \ -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="lld;clang" \ -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBXML2=OFF \ -DLLVM_ENABLE_TERMINFO=OFF \ -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBEDIT=OFF \ -DLLVM_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=ON \ -DLLVM_PARALLEL_LINK_JOBS=1 \ -G Ninja ninja install ``` But LLVM fails to build... ```text → ninja install [1908/4827] Building CXX object lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/CMakeFiles/LLVMAMDGPUAsmParser.dir/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp.o FAILED: lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/CMakeFiles/LLVMAMDGPUAsmParser.dir/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp.o /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/g++ -DGTEST_HAS_RTTI=0 -D_DEBUG -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -I/Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/build-release/lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser -I/Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser -I/Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I/Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/build-release/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I/Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/build-release/include -I/Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/llvm/include -isystem /usr/local/include -fPIC -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Werror=date-time -Werror=unguarded-availability-new -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wwrite-strings -Wcast-qual -Wmissing-field-initializers -pedantic -Wno-long-long -Wc++98-compat-extra-semi -Wimplicit-fallthrough -Wcovered-switch-default -Wno-noexcept-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor -Wstring-conversion -Wctad-maybe-unsupported -fdiagnostics-color -O3 -DNDEBUG -std=c++17 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -UNDEBUG -MD -MT lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/CMakeFiles/LLVMAMDGPUAsmParser.dir/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp.o -MF lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/CMakeFiles/LLVMAMDGPUAsmParser.dir/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp.o.d -o lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/CMakeFiles/LLVMAMDGPUAsmParser.dir/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp.o -c /Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp /Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp:5490:13: error: no viable constructor or deduction guide for deduction of template arguments of 'tuple' ? std::tuple(HSAMD::V3::AssemblerDirectiveBegin, ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:625:5: note: candidate template ignored: requirement '__lazy_and, std::__1::__lazy_all<> >::value' was not satisfied [with _Tp = <>, _AllocArgT = const char *, _Alloc = char [21], _Dummy = true] tuple(_AllocArgT, _Alloc const& __a) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:641:5: note: candidate template ignored: requirement '_CheckArgsConstructor::__enable_implicit()' was not satisfied [with _Tp = , _Dummy = true] tuple(const _Tp& ... __t) _NOEXCEPT_((__all::value...>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:659:14: note: candidate template ignored: requirement '_CheckArgsConstructor::__enable_explicit()' was not satisfied [with _Tp = , _Dummy = true] explicit tuple(const _Tp& ... __t) _NOEXCEPT_((__all::value...>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:677:7: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [21], _Dummy = true]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, const _Tp& ... __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:697:7: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [21], _Dummy = true]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, const _Tp& ... __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:723:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Up = ]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(_Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:756:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Up = ]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(_Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:783:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [21], _Up = <>]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:803:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [21], _Up = <>]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:612:23: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR tuple() ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:615:5: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided tuple(tuple const&) = default; ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:616:5: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided tuple(tuple&&) = default; ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:822:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires single argument '__t', but 2 arguments were provided tuple(_Tuple&& __t) _NOEXCEPT_((is_nothrow_constructible<_BaseT, _Tuple>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:837:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires single argument '__t', but 2 arguments were provided tuple(_Tuple&& __t) _NOEXCEPT_((is_nothrow_constructible<_BaseT, _Tuple>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:850:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Tuple&& __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:864:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Tuple&& __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:469:28: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS tuple ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:932:1: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc&, tuple<_Args...> const&) -> tuple<_Args...>; ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:934:1: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc&, tuple<_Args...>&&) -> tuple<_Args...>; ^ /Users/Luppy/llvm-project-16/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU/AsmParser/AMDGPUAsmParser.cpp:5492:13: error: no viable constructor or deduction guide for deduction of template arguments of 'tuple' : std::tuple(HSAMD::AssemblerDirectiveBegin, ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:625:5: note: candidate template ignored: requirement '__lazy_and, std::__1::__lazy_all<> >::value' was not satisfied [with _Tp = <>, _AllocArgT = const char *, _Alloc = char [29], _Dummy = true] tuple(_AllocArgT, _Alloc const& __a) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:641:5: note: candidate template ignored: requirement '_CheckArgsConstructor::__enable_implicit()' was not satisfied [with _Tp = , _Dummy = true] tuple(const _Tp& ... __t) _NOEXCEPT_((__all::value...>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:659:14: note: candidate template ignored: requirement '_CheckArgsConstructor::__enable_explicit()' was not satisfied [with _Tp = , _Dummy = true] explicit tuple(const _Tp& ... __t) _NOEXCEPT_((__all::value...>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:677:7: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [29], _Dummy = true]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, const _Tp& ... __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:697:7: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [29], _Dummy = true]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, const _Tp& ... __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:723:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Up = ]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(_Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:756:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Up = ]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(_Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:783:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [29], _Up = <>]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:803:9: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Tp = <>, _Alloc = char [29], _Up = <>]: cannot reference member of primary template because deduced class template specialization 'tuple<>' is an explicit specialization tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Up&&... __u) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:612:23: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR tuple() ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:615:5: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided tuple(tuple const&) = default; ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:616:5: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided tuple(tuple&&) = default; ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:822:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires single argument '__t', but 2 arguments were provided tuple(_Tuple&& __t) _NOEXCEPT_((is_nothrow_constructible<_BaseT, _Tuple>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:837:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires single argument '__t', but 2 arguments were provided tuple(_Tuple&& __t) _NOEXCEPT_((is_nothrow_constructible<_BaseT, _Tuple>::value)) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:850:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Tuple&& __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:864:9: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a, _Tuple&& __t) ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:469:28: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS tuple ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:932:1: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc&, tuple<_Args...> const&) -> tuple<_Args...>; ^ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:934:1: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 3 arguments, but 2 were provided tuple(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc&, tuple<_Args...>&&) -> tuple<_Args...>; ^ 2 errors generated. [1917/4827] Building CXX object lib/Target/AMDGPU/Disassembler/CMakeFiles/LLVMAMDGPUDisassembler.dir/AMDGPUDisassembler.cpp.o ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed. ``` So I can't build Zig from source on my 10-year-old MacBook Pro 😢 # Output Log Here's the log from the JavaScript Console... ```text main: start lv_demo_widgets: start [Info] lv_init: begin (in lv_obj.c line #102) [Warn] lv_init: Log level is set to 'Trace' which makes LVGL much slower (in lv_obj.c line #176) [Trace] lv_init: finished (in lv_obj.c line #183) [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x1773c class on 0 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating a screen (in lv_obj_class.c line #55) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x1773c class on 0 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating a screen (in lv_obj_class.c line #55) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x1773c class on 0 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating a screen (in lv_obj_class.c line #55) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) createWidgets: start [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x1773c class on 0x39e320 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x1773c class on 0x39e320 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_obj_create: begin (in lv_obj.c line #206) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x1773c class on 0x39e320 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39e57a parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e692 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39e9bc parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e692 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39ec98 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39ef5e parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39f237 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39f4f8 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39f7bd parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39fa86 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x39fd53 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x3a0024 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x3a02f9 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x3a05d2 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x3a08af parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x3a0b90 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) [Info] lv_btn_create: begin (in lv_btn.c line #51) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17d4c class on 0x39e792 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: begin (in lv_btn.c line #64) [Trace] lv_btn_constructor: finished (in lv_btn.c line #69) [Info] lv_label_create: begin (in lv_label.c line #75) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: Creating object with 0x17720 class on 0x3a0e75 parent (in lv_obj_class.c line #45) [Trace] lv_obj_class_create_obj: creating normal object (in lv_obj_class.c line #82) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: begin (in lv_obj.c line #403) [Trace] lv_obj_constructor: finished (in lv_obj.c line #428) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: begin (in lv_label.c line #691) [Trace] lv_label_constructor: finished (in lv_label.c line #721) createWidgets: end lv_demo_widgets: end [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Info] flex_update: update 0x39e57a container (in lv_flex.c line #211) [Info] flex_update: update 0x39e692 container (in lv_flex.c line #211) [Info] flex_update: update 0x39e792 container (in lv_flex.c line #211) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Info] flex_update: update 0x39e57a container (in lv_flex.c line #211) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels main: end {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=162, y=491 [Info] (4.322, +4056) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:162 y:491 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (4.355, +33) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked {mouseup: {…}} [Info] (4.373, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Info] (4.374, +1) flex_update: update 0x39e57a container (in lv_flex.c line #211) [Trace] (4.375, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) [Info] (4.376, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (4.377, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels readInput: state=0, x=162, y=491 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=334, y=494 [Info] (4.689, +312) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:334 y:494 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (4.721, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (4.740, +19) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (4.741, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=334, y=494 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=570, y=493 [Info] (5.108, +367) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:570 y:493 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (5.158, +50) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (5.162, +4) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (5.163, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=570, y=493 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803940 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=186, y=669 [Info] (6.075, +912) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:186 y:669 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (6.106, +31) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (6.124, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (6.125, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=186, y=669 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803940 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=336, y=643 [Info] (6.474, +349) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:336 y:643 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (6.509, +35) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (6.513, +4) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (6.514, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=336, y=643 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803940 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=519, y=631 [Info] (6.941, +427) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:519 y:631 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (6.975, +34) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (6.979, +4) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (6.980, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=519, y=631 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803698 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=559, y=282 [Info] (7.725, +745) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:559 y:282 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (7.757, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (7.775, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (7.776, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=559, y=282 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=559, y=282 [Info] (8.159, +383) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:559 y:282 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (8.191, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (8.209, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (8.210, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels readInput: state=0, x=559, y=282 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=559, y=282 [Info] (8.493, +283) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:559 y:282 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (8.525, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (8.543, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (8.544, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels readInput: state=0, x=559, y=282 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=155, y=643 [Info] (9.376, +832) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:155 y:643 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (9.408, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (9.427, +19) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (9.428, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=155, y=643 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=327, y=640 [Info] (9.844, +416) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:327 y:640 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (9.876, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (9.894, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (9.895, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=327, y=640 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=554, y=637 [Info] (10.362, +467) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:554 y:637 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (10.392, +30) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (10.411, +19) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (10.412, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=554, y=637 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=197, y=768 [Info] (11.029, +617) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:197 y:768 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (11.059, +30) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (11.081, +22) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (11.082, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=197, y=768 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803940 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=362, y=766 [Info] (11.428, +346) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:362 y:766 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (11.460, +32) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (11.478, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (11.479, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=362, y=766 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=593, y=769 [Info] (11.895, +416) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:593 y:769 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (11.928, +33) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (11.945, +17) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (11.946, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=593, y=769 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=368, y=915 [Info] (12.629, +683) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:368 y:915 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (12.662, +33) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked [Info] (12.680, +18) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update begin (in lv_obj_pos.c line #314) [Trace] (12.681, +1) lv_obj_update_layout: Layout update end (in lv_obj_pos.c line #317) 2get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} readInput: state=0, x=368, y=915 get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803940 non-empty pixels get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mousedown: {…}} readInput: state=1, x=219, y=274 [Info] (13.328, +647) indev_proc_press: pressed at x:219 y:274 (in lv_indev.c line #819) get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels [Info] (13.361, +33) indev_proc_release: released (in lv_indev.c line #969) eventHandler: clicked Call +1234567890 Running in WebAssembly, simulate the Phone Call get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels {mouseup: {…}} get_canvas_buffer: 803956 non-empty pixels readInput: state=0, x=219, y=274 get_canvas_buffer: 803952 non-empty pixels 3get_canvas_buffer: 803944 non-empty pixels ``` # PinePhone Log Here's the log from PinePhone on Apache NuttX RTOS... ```text DRAM: 2048 MiB Trying to boot from MMC1 NOTICE: BL31: v2.2(release):v2.2-904-gf9ea3a629 NOTICE: BL31: Built : 15:32:12, Apr 9 2020 NOTICE: BL31: Detected Allwinner A64/H64/R18 SoC (1689) NOTICE: BL31: Found U-Boot DTB at 0x4064410, model: PinePhone NOTICE: PSCI: System suspend is unavailable U-Boot 2020.07 (Nov 08 2020 - 00:15:12 +0100) DRAM: 2 GiB MMC: Device 'mmc@1c11000': seq 1 is in use by 'mmc@1c10000' mmc@1c0f000: 0, mmc@1c10000: 2, mmc@1c11000: 1 Loading Environment from FAT... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment starting USB... No working controllers found Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 switch to partitions #0, OK mmc0 is current device Scanning mmc 0:1... Found U-Boot script /boot.scr 653 bytes read in 3 ms (211.9 KiB/s) ## Executing script at 4fc00000 gpio: pin 114 (gpio 114) value is 1 276622 bytes read in 16 ms (16.5 MiB/s) Uncompressed size: 10387456 = 0x9E8000 36162 bytes read in 4 ms (8.6 MiB/s) 1078500 bytes read in 50 ms (20.6 MiB/s) ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 4fa00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x4fa00000 Loading Ramdisk to 49ef8000, end 49fff4e4 ... OK Loading Device Tree to 0000000049eec000, end 0000000049ef7d41 ... OK Starting kernel ... nsh: mkfatfs: command not found NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-12.0.3 nsh> lvgldemo lv_demo_widgets: start createWidgets: start createWidgets: end lv_demo_widgets: end eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked eventHandler: clicked Call +1234567890 Running on PinePhone, make an actual Phone Call ```