{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Cơ bản về Lập trình và Ngôn ngữ lập trình Python\n",
    "\n",
    "## Giới thiệu"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Yankees rule!\n",
      "But not in Boston!\n",
      "Yankees rule, but not in Boston!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Yankees rule!')\n",
    "print('But not in Boston!')\n",
    "print('Yankees rule,', 'but not in Boston!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Kiểu dữ liệu cơ bản (Scalar type)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.27"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3.27"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "float"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(3.0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Chuyển đổi kiểu dữ liệu "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "float(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int(3.9)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Xuất dữ liệu ra màn hình (Printing to Console)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3+2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(3+2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Các toán tử cho int và float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5+3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5.0+3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5-3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5/2.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5//2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5//2.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5%2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Toán tử mở và đóng ngoặc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "16"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1+5*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1+5)*3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Biến"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.14159\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi = 3.14159\n",
    "print(pi)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.142857142857143\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi_approx = 22/7\n",
    "print(pi_approx)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "78.53975\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi = 3.14159\n",
    "radius = 5\n",
    "# công thức diện tích của hình tròn <- this is a comment\n",
    "area = pi * (radius ** 2)\n",
    "print(area)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "15.205295600000001\n",
      "15.205295600000001\n",
      "32.169881600000004\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pi = 3.14159\n",
    "radius = 2.2\n",
    "# công thức diện tích của hình tròn <- this is a comment\n",
    "area = pi * (radius ** 2)\n",
    "print(area)\n",
    "\n",
    "# thay đổi giá trị của bán kính <- another comment\n",
    "# sử dụng các comment để giúp người khác hiểu bạn đang làm gì\n",
    "radius = radius + 1 # tăng giá trị của biến lên 1 đơn vị\n",
    "print(area)     # diện tích chưa thay đổi\n",
    "area = pi*(radius**2)\n",
    "print(area)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#############################\n",
    "#### AUTOCOMPLETE #######\n",
    "#############################\n",
    "# Spyder can autocomplete names for you\n",
    "# start typing a variable name defined in your program and hit tab \n",
    "# before you finish typing -- try it below\n",
    "\n",
    "# define a variable\n",
    "a_very_long_variable_name_dont_name_them_this_long_pls = 1\n",
    "\n",
    "# below, start typing a_ve then hit tab... cool, right!\n",
    "# use autocomplete to change the value of that variable to 1\n",
    "\n",
    "# use autocomplete to write a line that prints the value of that long variable\n",
    "# notice that Spyder also automatically adds the closed parentheses for you!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Multiple assigment\n",
    "x, y = 2, 3\n",
    "x, y = y, x # swap variables\n",
    "print('x =', x)\n",
    "print('y =', y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lệnh rẽ nhánh\n",
    "\n",
    "### Toán tử so sánh cho kiểu int và float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5 > 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 >= 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 < 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "5 <= 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 == 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 == 3.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3 != 3.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Toán tử logic cho kiểu bool"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = True\n",
    "not a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = True\n",
    "b = False\n",
    "a and b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = True\n",
    "b = False\n",
    "a or b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Lệnh if"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter an integer:3\n",
      "\n",
      "Odd\n",
      "Done with conditional\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = int(input('Enter an integer:'))\n",
    "if x % 2 == 0:\n",
    "    print('')\n",
    "    print('Even')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('')\n",
    "    print('Odd')\n",
    "print('Done with conditional')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter an integer:6\n",
      "Divisible by 2 and 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = int(input('Enter an integer:'))\n",
    "if x % 2 == 0:\n",
    "    if x % 3 == 0:\n",
    "        print('Divisible by 2 and 3')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('Divisible by 2 and not by 3')\n",
    "elif x % 3 == 0:\n",
    "    print('Divisible by 3 and not by 2')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('Indivisible by 2 and 3')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x is least\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 2\n",
    "y = 3\n",
    "z = 4\n",
    "if x < y and x < z:\n",
    "    print('x is least')\n",
    "elif y < z:\n",
    "    print('y is least')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('z is least')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter a number for x:3\n",
      "Enter a number for y:3\n",
      "x and y are equal\n",
      "therefore, x / y is 1.0\n",
      "thanks!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = float(input('Enter a number for x:'))\n",
    "y = float(input('Enter a number for y:'))\n",
    "if x == y:\n",
    "    print('x and y are equal')\n",
    "    if y != 0:\n",
    "        print('therefore, x / y is', x/y)\n",
    "elif x < y:\n",
    "    print('x is smaller')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('y is smaller')\n",
    "print('thanks!')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Bài tập\n",
    "\n",
    "Write a program that examines three variables—x, y, and z—and prints the largest odd number among them. If none of them are odd, it should print a message to that effect."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- - -\n",
    "[Mục lục](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/manleviet/introCSusingPython/blob/master/index.ipynb) | \n",
    "[Tiếp: Chuỗi, rẽ nhành và lặp](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/manleviet/introCSusingPython/blob/master/2%20-%20Chu%E1%BB%97i%2C%20r%E1%BA%BD%20nh%C3%A1nh%20v%C3%A0%20l%E1%BA%B7p.ipynb)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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