co
type: Ontology
version IRI: 3.0.0-rc2
bibliographic citation: PMDco: Platform Material Digital Ontology. Version 3.0.0-rc2, https://w3id.org/pmd/co/
created: 2026-01-15
prior version: 3.0.0-rc1
version info: 3.0.0-rc2

part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
IAO_0000112: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
IAO_0000112: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
IAO_0000112: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
IAO_0000115: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
IAO_0000116: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
IAO_0000116: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
IAO_0000116: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
IAO_0000112: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
IAO_0000112: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
IAO_0000112: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
IAO_0000115: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
IAO_0000116: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
IAO_0000116: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
IAO_0000116: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
domain: information content entity
IAO_0000112: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
IAO_0000115: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
IAO_0000116: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
IAO_0000119: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
domain: information content entity
range: entity
IAO_0000112: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
IAO_0000115: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
IAO_0000116: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
IAO_0000119: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
IAO_0000115: inverse of the relation 'denotes'

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified input of
domain: planned process
IAO_0000112: see is_input_of example_of_usage
IAO_0000115: The inverse property of is specified input of
IAO_0000116: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.

is specified input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: planned process
IAO_0000112: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
IAO_0000115: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified output of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified output of
domain: planned process
IAO_0000115: The inverse property of is specified output of

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: planned process
IAO_0000115: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: specified by value
IAO_0000115: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has characteristic
type: FunctionalProperty
IAO_0000112: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
IAO_0000112: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
IAO_0000115: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
IAO_0000112: this apple is bearer of this red color
IAO_0000112: this vase is bearer of this fragility
IAO_0000115: Inverse of characteristic_of
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
IAO_0000112: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
IAO_0000112: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
IAO_0000112: this investigator participates in this investigation
IAO_0000115: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part
IAO_0000112: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
IAO_0000112: this investigation has participant this investigator
IAO_0000112: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
IAO_0000115: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
IAO_0000116: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
IAO_0000112: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
IAO_0000112: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
IAO_0000115: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
IAO_0000112: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
IAO_0000112: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
IAO_0000115: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
domain: function
IAO_0000112: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
IAO_0000115: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
domain: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: relational quality
IAO_0000112: this red color is a quality of this apple
IAO_0000115: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
IAO_0000112: this investigator role is a role of this person
IAO_0000115: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: function
IAO_0000112: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
IAO_0000115: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
range: quality
IAO_0000112: this apple has quality this red color
IAO_0000115: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: role
IAO_0000112: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
IAO_0000115: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
IAO_0000116: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
IAO_0000115: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
IAO_0000115: inverse of has disposition

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
IAO_0000115: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
IAO_0000115: inverse of has output

executes
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: concretizes
IAO_0000115: relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
IAO_0000119: AGB

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

specified by value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
definition: A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: independent continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: realizable entity
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank

site
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: generically dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

metalloid atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
IAO_0000115: An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.

iron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.

manganese atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

bromine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cadmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

calcium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chlorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
IAO_0000115: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
IAO_0000116: We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well

fluorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
IAO_0000115: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.

iodine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
IAO_0000115: Chemical element with atomic number 53.

lead atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

magnesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mercury atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

nitrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

nonmetal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

potassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sulfur atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

tin atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

uranium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zinc atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

boron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

arsenic atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

selenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

silicon atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cobalt atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.

vanadium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tungsten
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chromium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.

nickel atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.

phosphorus atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molybdenum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

copper atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

aluminium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

gold atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

lithium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

helium atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

indium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.

thallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).

germanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

beryllium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.

silver atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

antimony atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

caesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

ruthenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

osmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

barium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
IAO_0000115: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.

bismuth atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

neon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

lanthanoid atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

scandium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

yttrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

titanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zirconium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hafnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

niobium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tantalum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

bohrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

palladium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.

platinum
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

cerium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

neodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

samarium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

erbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

metal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
IAO_0000115: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.

argon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

gallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
IAO_0000115: A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.

hydrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

iridium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

krypton atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

rhenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

xenon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

pure substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
subclass of: portion of matter
IAO_0000115: A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
example: Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
PMD_0000060: true

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
IAO_0000112: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
IAO_0000115: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
IAO_0000116: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
IAO_0000119: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
IAO_0000119: OBI_0000217

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
IAO_0000112: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
IAO_0000115: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
IAO_0000119: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
IAO_0000112: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
IAO_0000116: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
IAO_0000116: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
IAO_0000112: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
IAO_0000115: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
IAO_0000116: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
IAO_0000116: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
IAO_0000119: OBI_0000142

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity
IAO_0000115: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
IAO_0000116: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
IAO_0000116: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
IAO_0000116: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
IAO_0000116: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data item
IAO_0000115: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
IAO_0000116: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
IAO_0000119: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
IAO_0000119: OBI_0000266

identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: identifier creating process
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: identifier creating process
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
PMD_0000060: true

identifier creating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: identifier
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: identifier
IAO_0000115: A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.

planned process
type: Class
subclass of: process
IAO_0000112: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
IAO_0000115: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
IAO_0000116: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
IAO_0000116: We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
IAO_0000119: branch derived

mechanical function
type: Class
subclass of: function
IAO_0000115: A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work

categorical value specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
IAO_0000115: A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories

material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: behavioral material property
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: intensive quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: process
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
comment: Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.
PMD_0000060: true

portion of matter
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
PMD_0000060: true

engineered material
type: Class
subclass of: material
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
definition: An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.
PMD_0000060: true

behavioral material property
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: stimulating process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: process
comment: Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
definition: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.
PMD_0000060: true

process attribute
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
IAO_0000116: an attribute of a process
comment: Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
see also: process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
version info: Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
alternative label: process characteristic
definition: a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
example: Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
PMD_0000060: true

1D
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: 1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
PMD_0000060: true

2D
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
PMD_0000060: true

ASTM grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.
PMD_0000060: true

accoustic absorption coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: emission of accoustic wave
definition: The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
PMD_0000060: true

accoustic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of accoustic wave
definition: An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: aggregate state value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: aggregate state value
definition: The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
PMD_0000060: true

application of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.

application of electric field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.

application of heat flux
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.

application of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.

application of substance
type: Class
subclass of: process
IAO_0000119: Application Of Substance
definition: The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.

atomic structure
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

boiling point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
PMD_0000060: true

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
type: Class
subclass of: brinell hardness
definition: A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
PMD_0000060: true

brinell hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition: The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
PMD_0000060: true

bulk
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
disjoint with: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
PMD_0000060: true

bulk modulus
type: Class
subclass of: elastic modulus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
PMD_0000060: true

calibration device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
PMD_0000060: true

ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
definition: Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
PMD_0000060: true

change of aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.
PMD_0000060: true

change of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.
PMD_0000060: true

chemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: The chemical composition is a quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.
PMD_0000060: true

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
PMD_0000060: true

chromatography function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Chromatographiefunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

coating application function
type: Class
subclass of: coating function
label: Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

coating function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Beschichtungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. @de
PMD_0000060: true

composite material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.
PMD_0000060: true

continuous simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
PMD_0000060: true

crack growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
PMD_0000060: true

crystal structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: bravais lattice (3d)
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: bravais lattice (3d)
definition: The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
PMD_0000060: true

cut function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Trennen Funktion @de
alternative label: Schneidfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.
PMD_0000060: true

deformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.
PMD_0000060: true

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
PMD_0000060: true

deteriorative property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of substance
definition: The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.
PMD_0000060: true

deterministic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
PMD_0000060: true

device
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: Gerät @de
definition: A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de
PMD_0000060: true

device role
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: Rolle eines Gerätes @de
definition: Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. @de
PMD_0000060: true

dielectric constant
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
disjoint with: electrical conductivity
definition: The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
PMD_0000060: true

dimension measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Dimensionierungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

discrete-event simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
PMD_0000060: true

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
PMD_0000060: true

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
PMD_0000060: true

electrical conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
definition: The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
PMD_0000060: true

electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of electric field
definition: An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
PMD_0000060: true

emission of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: deformation
definition: The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.
PMD_0000060: true

emission of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
PMD_0000060: true

emission of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
PMD_0000060: true

emission of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
PMD_0000060: true

evolution of damage
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
PMD_0000060: true

ferrous alloy
type: Class
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of iron
definition: A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
PMD_0000060: true

force measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Kraftmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

formation of notch or scratch
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

functional material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
IAO_0000116: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
PMD_0000060: true

glass
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
PMD_0000060: true

crystallite
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
label: kristallit @de
alternative label: Korn @de
alternative label: grain
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.
PMD_0000060: true

half-life
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
example: radioactive decay, material degradation
PMD_0000060: true

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
PMD_0000060: true

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
disjoint with: thermal conductivity
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
PMD_0000060: true

heat treatment function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Wärmebehandlungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. @de
PMD_0000060: true

hybrid simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
PMD_0000060: true

indentation hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
PMD_0000060: true

index of refraction
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
disjoint with: reflectivity
definition: The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

irradiation function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Irradiationsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
PMD_0000060: true

joining function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Verbindungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. @de
PMD_0000060: true

magnetic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
PMD_0000060: true

magnetizing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Magnetisierungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
PMD_0000060: true

manufacturing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Fertigungsfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. @de
PMD_0000060: true

manufacturing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
comment: Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately is is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de
PMD_0000060: true

map
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
definition: A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
PMD_0000060: true

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: filler role
disjoint with: precipitate role
definition: Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.
PMD_0000060: true

measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Messfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!
PMD_0000060: true

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).
PMD_0000060: true

metal
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has characteristic
        some values from: metallic bond
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
PMD_0000060: true

crystallographic texture
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: polycrystal
definition: The crystallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a metallic material, observed through crystallographic analysis.
PMD_0000060: true

microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: The focus of interest when looking at an object throught the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
definition: The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
PMD_0000060: true

mohs hardness
type: Class
subclass of: scratch hardness
definition: Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
PMD_0000060: true

morphological property
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.
PMD_0000060: true

natural organic material
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
PMD_0000060: true

occurence of chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

occurence of electic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.
PMD_0000060: true

occurence of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.
PMD_0000060: true

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: waver irradiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
PMD_0000060: true

passing of time
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.
PMD_0000060: true

phase boundary (realization)
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.
PMD_0000060: true

physical simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
PMD_0000060: true

pole figure
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: map
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: crystallographic texture
definition: A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame.
PMD_0000060: true

polymer
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
IAO_0000116: Classified by morphology.
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
PMD_0000060: true

pore growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
PMD_0000060: true

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
PMD_0000060: true

powder
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
PMD_0000060: true

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
definition: The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.
PMD_0000060: true

pressure measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Druckmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
PMD_0000060: true

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
definition: The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
PMD_0000060: true

scratch hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
IAO_0000119: A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
definition: The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
PMD_0000060: true

separating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: cut function
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cut function
IAO_0000119: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
label: Trennen @de
definition: A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. @de
example: Disassembling, Removal
PMD_0050117: Cutting

simulation method specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification
definition: A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
PMD_0000060: true

soldering function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Lötfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. @de
PMD_0000060: true

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
PMD_0000060: true

spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
disjoint with: time series
definition: A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
PMD_0000060: true

speed of sound
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
definition: The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
PMD_0000060: true

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
PMD_0000060: true

stimulating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: behavioral material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: characteristic of
        some values from: portion of matter
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: behavioral material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: characteristic of
      some values from: portion of matter
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
PMD_0000060: true

stochastic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
PMD_0000060: true

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
PMD_0000060: true

structural and chemical decay
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
PMD_0000060: true

structural material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: functional material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: mechanical function
IAO_0000116: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
PMD_0000060: true

subject of calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
PMD_0000060: true

sublimation point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
PMD_0000060: true

surface layer (fiat object part)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
example: When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
PMD_0000060: true

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: The concept refers to an absolute tempeature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
definition: The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
PMD_0000060: true

temperature change function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Temperaturänderungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. @de
PMD_0000060: true

temperature measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Temperaturmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. @de
PMD_0000060: true

temporal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
PMD_0000060: true

testing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Testfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. @de
PMD_0000060: true

thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
PMD_0000060: true

thermal conductivity measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. @de
PMD_0000060: true

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of heat flux
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
PMD_0000060: true

time series
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
definition: A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
PMD_0000060: true

triple point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The triple point is a state of matter point realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa).
PMD_0000060: true

waver irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.

welding function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Schweißfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. @de
PMD_0000060: true

phase (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A thermodynamic phase is portion of matter that is part of a thermodynamic system and has homogeneus thermodynamic properties.
PMD_0000060: true

filler role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.
PMD_0000060: true

precipitate role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.
PMD_0000060: true

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.
PMD_0000060: true

composition specification
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: composition
definition: Composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by composition of a portion of matter and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of other matters (but not chemical elements) of which the whole portion of matter consists of (has parts).
example: Nitric acid solution has quality composition , which concretizes the composition specification .The composition specification has parts fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
PMD_0000060: true

porosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The porosity is a quality describing the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.
PMD_0000060: true

metallic grain structures
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bainite
  one of: austenite
  one of: ferrite
  one of: ledeburite
  one of: pearlite
  one of: widmanstatten structure
  one of: martensite
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
PMD_0000060: true

hydrogen bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
example: The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.
PMD_0000060: true

portion of iron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.

portion of indium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: indium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.

portion of chromium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chromium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.

portion of carbon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.

portion of germanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: germanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.

portion of tungsten
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tungsten
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.

portion of erbium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: erbium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.

portion of molybdenum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: molybdenum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.

portion of niobium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: niobium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.

portion of rhenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: rhenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.

portion of lithium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lithium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.

portion of nitrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nitrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.

portion of cobalt
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cobalt atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.

portion of gold
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gold atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.

portion of argon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: argon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.

portion of cadmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cadmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.

portion of barium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: barium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.

portion of tantalum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tantalum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.

portion of antimony
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: antimony atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.

portion of potassium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: potassium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.

portion of phosphorus
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: phosphorus atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.

portion of boron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: boron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.

portion of helium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: helium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.

portion of silicon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silicon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.

portion of nickel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nickel atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.

portion of yttrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: yttrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.

portion of zirconium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zirconium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.

portion of copper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: copper atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.

portion of bohrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bohrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.

portion of fluorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: fluorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.

portion of platinum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: platinum
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.

portion of cerium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cerium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.

portion of sulfur
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sulfur atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.

portion of lead
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lead atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.

portion of krypton
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: krypton atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.

portion of bismuth
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bismuth atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.

portion of neon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.

portion of thallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: thallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.

portion of selenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: selenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.

portion of ruthenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: ruthenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.

portion of magnesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: magnesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.

portion of zinc
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zinc atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.

portion of mercury
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: mercury atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.

portion of xenon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: xenon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.

portion of aluminium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: aluminium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.

portion of sodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sodium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.

portion of iodine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iodine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.

portion of caesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: caesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.

portion of chlorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chlorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.

portion of silver
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silver atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.

portion of samarium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: samarium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.

portion of manganese
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: manganese atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.

portion of arsenic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: arsenic atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.

portion of beryllium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: beryllium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.

portion of calcium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: calcium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.

portion of neodymium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neodymium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.

portion of hydrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hydrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.

portion of osmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: osmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.

portion of iridium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iridium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.

portion of gallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.

portion of bromine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bromine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.

portion of tin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tin atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.

portion of hafnium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hafnium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.

portion of uranium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: uranium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.

portion of oxygen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: oxygen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.

portion of palladium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: palladium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.

portion of vanadium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: vanadium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.

portion of scandium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: scandium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.

portion of titanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: titanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.

steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).
PMD_0000060: true

nature constant
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
definition: A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
example: Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc.
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice (3d)
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bravais lattice triclinic primitve
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice cubic face-centered
subclass of: categorical value specification
comment: TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
definition: The Bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.
PMD_0000060: true

proportion
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
disjoint with: bond
alternative label: concentration
alternative label: fraction
definition: A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
PMD_0000060: true

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
PMD_0000060: true

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
PMD_0000060: true

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
PMD_0000060: true

mineral
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.
PMD_0000060: true

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: crystallite
alternative label: Polycrystalline structure
definition: Polycrystal is a connected object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains
PMD_0000060: true

graphite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral
definition: A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon
PMD_0000060: true

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
PMD_0000060: true

aerosol
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: aggregate state solid
  one of: aggregate state liquid
  one of: aggregate state gasous
  one of: aggregate state plasma
  one of: aggregate state atom gas
  one of: aggregate state supercritical fluid
  one of: aggregate state mesomorphic
  one of: aggregate state suprafluid
  one of: aggregate state suprasolid
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregatge state quality.
PMD_0000060: true

foam
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
PMD_0000060: true

thermodynamic system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
PMD_0000060: true

reversible process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
PMD_0000060: true

driving force of phase in system
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Driving force is relational property between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species.
example: For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0.
PMD_0000060: true

intensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
disjoint with: extensive quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
PMD_0000060: true

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
PMD_0000060: true

mass
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
comment: Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
definition: Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
PMD_0000060: true

phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
definition: A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
PMD_0000060: true

stable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
disjoint with: metastable phase
comment: See metastable phase
definition: A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
example: A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
PMD_0000060: true

portion of pure chemical element
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
definition: A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
IAO_0000119: OEO_00000150
definition: Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
PMD_0000060: true

eutectoid phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
definition: A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
PMD_0000060: true

extensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
PMD_0000060: true

metastable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
comment: The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
definition: A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
PMD_0000060: true

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a three dimensional size.
PMD_0000060: true

internal energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
disjoint with: interatomic interaction energy
definition: Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
PMD_0000060: true

precipitation (phase)
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
definition: Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
PMD_0000060: true

interatomic interaction energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
definition: Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
PMD_0000060: true

peritectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
definition: A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
PMD_0000060: true

spinodal decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
definition: Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solutionspontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
PMD_0000060: true

microconstituent (phase mixture)
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
definition: A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
example: Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
PMD_0000060: true

activity (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior.

activation energy
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products.
PMD_0000060: true

eutectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
PMD_0000060: true

state of matter boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.
PMD_0000060: true

disposition of a phase to transform
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
definition: The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
PMD_0000060: true

force
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
PMD_0000060: true

crack
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.
PMD_0000060: true

notch
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.
PMD_0000060: true

pore
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object
PMD_0000060: true

defect role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
example: A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
PMD_0000060: true

composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: Composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of compounds (but not chemical elements) present in a portion of matter.
example: 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
PMD_0000060: true

chemical composition specification
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: composition specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: chemical composition
definition: Chemical composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by chemical composition of a material and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of chemical elements of which the material consists of (has parts).
example: Steel has quality chemical composition , which concretizes the chemical composition specification .The chemical composition specification has parts fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
PMD_0000060: true

metallic grain structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: metallic grain structures
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: metallic grain structures
definition: metallic grain structure characterizes the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material. It concretizes ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
PMD_0000060: false

alloy
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: An alloy is a material containing any metallic element as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
PMD_0000060: true

length
type: Class
subclass of: size
comment: Length is a size that describes the spacial extend of its bearer in one dimension.
alternative label: dimension
definition: Length is a one dimensional size.
PMD_0000060: true

bond
type: Class
subclass of: force
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
PMD_0000060: true

covalent bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
IAO_0000119: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
example: In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
PMD_0000060: true

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
IAO_0000119: metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
PMD_0000060: true

ionic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
IAO_0000119: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
example: An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
PMD_0000060: true

thermoplastics
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
PMD_0000060: true

polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PE

low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PE-LD

high-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PE-HD

linear low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PE_LLD

polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PP

isotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: iPP

syndiotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: sPP

atactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: aPP

polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PVC

rigid polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: uPVC

flexible polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: fPVC

polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PS

general purpose polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.
PMD_0000060: true

high impact polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.
PMD_0000060: true

polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PET

amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: APET

crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: CPET

thermosetting polymers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.
PMD_0000060: true

epoxy resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.
PMD_0000060: true

bisphenol a epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

novolac epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.
PMD_0000060: true

phenolic resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
PMD_0000060: true

phenol-formaldehyde resin
type: Class
subclass of: phenolic resins
definition: Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.
PMD_0000060: true

melamine formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.
PMD_0000060: true

urea formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
PMD_0000060: true

elastomers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.
PMD_0000060: true

natural rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.
PMD_0000060: true

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties.
PMD_0000060: true

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.
PMD_0000060: true

nitrile butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.
PMD_0000060: true

ethylene propylene diene monomer
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.
PMD_0000060: true

biodegradable polymers
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: biodegradabilty
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biodegradabilty
definition: Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that have the biodegradability disposition. They can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances (carbon dioxide and methane, mineral salts or new biomass) in a non-harmful timescale.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0001032: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

polylactic acid
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.
PMD_0000060: true

polyhydroxyalkanoates
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.
PMD_0000060: true

polybutylene succinate
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.
PMD_0000060: true

natural ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.
PMD_0000060: true

silicate ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.
PMD_0000060: true

clay-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.
PMD_0000060: true

earthenware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.
PMD_0000060: true

stoneware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.
PMD_0000060: true

porcelain
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.
PMD_0000060: true

aluminosilicates
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.
PMD_0000060: true

mullite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.
PMD_0000060: true

kaolinite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.
PMD_0000060: true

non-clay ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.
PMD_0000060: true

glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.
PMD_0000060: true

leucite-based glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

fritted ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.
PMD_0000060: true

technical ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.
PMD_0000060: true

oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.
PMD_0000060: true

alumina
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: Al₂O₃

zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: ZrO₂

yttria-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia
definition: Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: YSZ

magnesia-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia
definition: Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: MSZ

titania
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: TiO₂

beryllia
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: BeO

non-oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.
PMD_0000060: true

carbide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.
PMD_0000060: true

silicon carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: SiC

tungsten carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: WC

boron carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: B₄C

nitride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.
PMD_0000060: true

silicon nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: Si₃N₄

aluminum nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: AlN

boron nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: BN

boride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.
PMD_0000060: true

titanium diboride
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: TiB₂

zirconium diboride
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: ZrB₂

composite ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.
PMD_0000060: true

oxide-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.
PMD_0000060: true

alumina matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.
PMD_0000060: true

zirconia matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.
PMD_0000060: true

non-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.
PMD_0000060: true

silicon carbide matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.
PMD_0000060: true

carbon-silicon carbide composites (carbon-silicon carbide)
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.
PMD_0000060: true

electroceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.
PMD_0000060: true

dielectric ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.
PMD_0000060: true

barium titanate
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: BaTiO₃

lead zirconate titanate
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0050117: PZT

magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.
PMD_0000060: true

soft ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.
PMD_0000060: true

hard ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.
PMD_0000060: true

superconducting ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
PMD_0000060: true

yttrium barium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.
PMD_0000060: true

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.
PMD_0000060: true

bioceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.
PMD_0000060: true

bioinert ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.
PMD_0000060: true

alumina-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.
PMD_0000060: true

zirconia-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.
PMD_0000060: true

bioactive ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.
PMD_0000060: true

hydroxyapatite
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.
PMD_0000060: true

bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.
PMD_0000060: true

bioresorbable ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.
PMD_0000060: true

tricalcium phosphate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.
PMD_0000060: true

calcium sulfate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.
PMD_0000060: true

silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.
PMD_0000060: true

soda-lime glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.
PMD_0000060: true

clear float glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.
PMD_0000060: true

patterned glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.
PMD_0000060: true

tinted glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.
PMD_0000060: true

borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.
PMD_0000060: true

pyrex-type glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
definition: Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
PMD_0000060: true

aluminosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.
PMD_0000060: true

lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.
PMD_0000060: true

potash lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.
PMD_0000060: true

barium glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

high-temperature resistant glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
definition: High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.
PMD_0000060: true

non-silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.
PMD_0000060: true

phosphate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.
PMD_0000060: true

borate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.
PMD_0000060: true

germanate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.
PMD_0000060: true

optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.
PMD_0000060: true

fused silica glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.
PMD_0000060: true

crown glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.
PMD_0000060: true

flint glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.
PMD_0000060: true

specialty glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.
PMD_0000060: true

chemically strengthened glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.
PMD_0000060: true

ion-exchanged glass
type: Class
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.
PMD_0000060: true

aluminosilicate gorilla glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.
PMD_0000060: true

toughened (tempered) glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.
PMD_0000060: true

laminated glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.
PMD_0000060: true

electrochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
PMD_0000060: true

photochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.
PMD_0000060: true

thermochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.
PMD_0000060: true

lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.
PMD_0000060: true

transparent glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.
PMD_0000060: true

functional glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.
PMD_0000060: true

conductive glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.
PMD_0000060: true

indium tin oxide coated glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.
PMD_0000060: true

fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.
PMD_0000060: true

magnetic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.
PMD_0000060: true

iron-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.
PMD_0000060: true

cobalt-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.
PMD_0000060: true

nonlinear optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.
PMD_0000060: true

chalcogenide glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.
PMD_0000060: true

tellurite glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.
PMD_0000060: true

bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.
PMD_0000060: true

silicate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.
PMD_0000060: true

45S5 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: 45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.
PMD_0000060: true

S53P4 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.
PMD_0000060: true

phosphate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.
PMD_0000060: true

borate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.
PMD_0000060: true

amorphous metal glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.
PMD_0000060: true

iron-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.
PMD_0000060: true

magnesium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.
PMD_0000060: true

zirconium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.
PMD_0000060: true

shape
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
IAO_0000119: “Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Form @de
definition: Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. @de
definition: The visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.a

device specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
PMD_0000060: true

material specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
PMD_0000060: true

specification datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that provides specification for entities
PMD_0000060: true

biodegradabilty
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
IAO_0000119: European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
label: Biologische Abbaubarkeit @de
definition: "[Biodegradabilty] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment."
definition: "[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt." @de
definition: Biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
PMD_0001032: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
IAO_0000119: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
IAO_0000115: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
IAO_0000119: group:OBI

bravais lattice triclinic primitve
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

bainite
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

austenite
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

martensite
type: NamedIndividual
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state gasous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.
PMD_0000060: true

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.
PMD_0000060: true