PMDco: Platform Material Digital Ontology. Version 3.0.0-rc2, https://w3id.org/pmd/co/
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part of
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has part
has realization
b has realization c =Def c realizes b
As for realizes
realizes
(Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
denotes
inverse of the relation 'denotes'
denoted by
see is_input_of example_of_usage
The inverse property of is specified input of
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
has specified input
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is specified input of
The inverse property of is specified output of
has specified output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is specified output of
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
characteristic of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has characteristic
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates in
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
disposition of
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
has output
output of
relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
is subject of
Inverse of 'is about'.
specified by value
A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.
in response to
inverse of responds with
responds with
The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.
entity
(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem
continuant
(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature
occurrent
(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra
process
(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer
disposition
(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways
realizable entity
(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity
quality
(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole
role
(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target
fiat object part
(Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body
object aggregate
(Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
site
(Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
object
(Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
generically dependent continuant
(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint
function
(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
material entity
(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings
relational quality
b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another
An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.
A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).
Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.
A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
objective specification
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
data item
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
information content entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
directive information entity
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
curation status specification
An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
identifier
A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
identifier creating process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
planned process
A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
mechanical function
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation.
The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
Material
material
Portion of Material
A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.
It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
portion of matter
A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
engineered material
An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.
Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
behavioral material property
A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.
Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
process attribute
process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
process characteristic
a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
ASTM grainsize
The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.
accoustic absorption coefficient
The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
accoustic property
An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
aggregate state
The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
application of accoustic wave
An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.
application of electric field
An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.
application of heat flux
An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.
application of magnetic field
An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.
application of substance
The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.
atomic structure
The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
boiling point
The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
brinell hardness
The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
bulk
The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
bulk modulus
The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
Kalibrierungsgeräterolle
calibration device role
Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert.
Classified by morphology.
ceramic
Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
change of aggregate state
A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.
change of temperature
A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.
chemical composition
The chemical composition is a quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.
chemical potential
The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
Chromatographiefunktion
chromatography function
A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen.
Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion
coating application function
A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen.
Beschichtungsfunktion
coating function
A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern.
composite material
A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.
continuous simulation
a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
crack growth
The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
crystal structure
The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
Trennen Funktion
cut function
Schneidfunktion
A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen.
defect density
The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.
deformation
The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.
density
The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
deteriorative property
The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.
deterministic simulation
a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
Gerät
device
A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien.
Rolle eines Gerätes
device role
Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann.
dielectric constant
The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
Dimensionierungsfunktion
dimension measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen.
discrete-event simulation
a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
elastic modulus
An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
electric potential
The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
electrical conductivity
The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
electrical property
An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
emission of accoustic wave
The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.
emission of corpuscular radiation
The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
emission of radiation
The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
emission of wave radiation
The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
evolution of damage
An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
ferrous alloy
A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
Kraftmessfunktion
force measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen.
formation of notch or scratch
The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
Classified by the role in a system.
functional material
A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
glass
A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
crystallite
kristallit
Korn
grain
A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.
half-life
The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
radioactive decay, material degradation
hardness
The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
heat capacity
The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
Wärmebehandlungsfunktion
heat treatment function
A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern.
hybrid simulation
a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
indentation hardness
The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
index of refraction
The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.
Irradiationsfunktion
irradiation function
A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern.
Verbindungsfunktion
joining function
A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden.
magnetic property
A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
Magnetisierungsfunktion
magnetizing function
A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern.
Fertigungsfunktion
manufacturing function
A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden.
Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately is is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
Herstellungsprozess
manufacturing process
A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess.
map
A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
matrix role
Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.
Messfunktion
measuring function
A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen.
mechanical property
A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!
melting point
The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).
metal
A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
crystallographic texture
The crystallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a metallic material, observed through crystallographic analysis.
The focus of interest when looking at an object throught the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
microstructure
The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
mohs hardness
Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
morphological property
A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.
natural organic material
Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
occurence of chemical reaction
The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.
occurence of electic field
The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.
occurence of magnetic field
The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.
optical property
An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
passing of time
Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.
phase boundary (realization)
A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.
physical simulation
a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
pole figure
A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame.
polymer
A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
pore growth
Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
connected material entity aggregate
A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
disconnected material entity aggregate
A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
powder
A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
pressure
The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.
Druckmessfunktion
pressure measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen.
rebound hardness
The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
reflectivity
The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
scratch hardness
The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
Trennen
separating
A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt.
Disassembling, Removal
Cutting
simulation method specification
A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
Lötfunktion
soldering function
A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden.
specific surface area
The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
spectrum
A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
speed of sound
The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
stiffness
The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
stimulating process
The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
stochastic simulation
a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
strength
The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
structural and chemical decay
The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
structural material
A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle
subject of calibration role
Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert.
sublimation point
The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
surface layer (fiat object part)
A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
The concept refers to an absolute tempeature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
temperature
The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
Temperaturänderungsfunktion
temperature change function
A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern.
Temperaturmessfunktion
temperature measuring function
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen.
temporal property
A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
Testfunktion
testing function
A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten.
thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion
thermal conductivity measuring function
A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden.
thermal property
A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
time series
A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
triple point
The triple point is a state of matter point realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa).
waver irradiation
A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.
Schweißfunktion
welding function
A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden.
phase (thermodynamic)
A thermodynamic phase is portion of matter that is part of a thermodynamic system and has homogeneus thermodynamic properties.
filler role
Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.
precipitate role
Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.
crystal
A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.
composition specification
Composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by composition of a portion of matter and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of other matters (but not chemical elements) of which the whole portion of matter consists of (has parts).
Nitric acid solution has quality composition , which concretizes the composition specification .The composition specification has parts fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
porosity
The porosity is a quality describing the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.
metallic grain structures
The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
portion of iron
A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
portion of indium
A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
portion of chromium
A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
portion of carbon
A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
portion of germanium
A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
portion of tungsten
A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
portion of erbium
A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
portion of molybdenum
A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
portion of niobium
A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
portion of rhenium
A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
portion of lithium
A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
portion of nitrogen
A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
portion of cobalt
A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
portion of gold
A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
portion of argon
A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
portion of cadmium
A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
portion of barium
A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
portion of tantalum
A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
portion of antimony
A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
portion of potassium
A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
portion of phosphorus
A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
portion of boron
A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
portion of helium
A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
portion of silicon
A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
portion of nickel
A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
portion of yttrium
A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
portion of zirconium
A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
portion of copper
A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
portion of bohrium
A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
portion of fluorine
A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
portion of platinum
A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
portion of cerium
A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
portion of sulfur
A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
portion of lead
A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
portion of krypton
A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
portion of bismuth
A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
portion of neon
A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
portion of thallium
A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
portion of selenium
A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
portion of ruthenium
A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
portion of magnesium
A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
portion of zinc
A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
portion of mercury
A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
portion of xenon
A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
portion of aluminium
A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
portion of sodium
A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
portion of iodine
A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
portion of caesium
A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
portion of chlorine
A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
portion of silver
A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
portion of samarium
A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
portion of manganese
A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
portion of arsenic
A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
portion of beryllium
A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
portion of calcium
A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
portion of neodymium
A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
portion of hydrogen
A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
portion of osmium
A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
portion of iridium
A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
portion of gallium
A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
portion of bromine
A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
portion of tin
A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
portion of hafnium
A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
portion of uranium
A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
portion of oxygen
A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
portion of palladium
A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
portion of vanadium
A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
portion of scandium
A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
portion of titanium
A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.
steel
Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).
nature constant
A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc.
TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
bravais lattice (3d)
The Bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.
proportion
concentration
fraction
A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
mass proportion
The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
molar proportion
Molar Ratio
The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
volume proportion
The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
mineral
A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.
polycrystal
Polycrystalline structure
Polycrystal is a connected object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains
graphite
A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon
grain size distribution
An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
aerosol
An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
aggregate state value
The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregatge state quality.
foam
A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
thermodynamic system
A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
reversible process
A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
driving force of phase in system
Driving force is relational property between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species.
For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0.
intensive quality
Point property
An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
size
Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
mass
Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
phase transformation
A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
See metastable phase
stable phase
A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
portion of pure chemical element
A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.
energy
Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
eutectoid phase transformation
A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
extensive quality
An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
metastable phase
A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
volume
Volume is a three dimensional size.
internal energy
Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
precipitation (phase)
Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
interatomic interaction energy
Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
peritectic phase transformation
A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
spinodal decomposition
Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solutionspontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
microconstituent (phase mixture)
A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
activity (thermodynamic)
Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior.
activation energy
Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products.
eutectic phase transformation
A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
state of matter boundary
A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.
The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
disposition of a phase to transform
The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
force
Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
crack
A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.
notch
A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.
pore
A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object
defect role
A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
composition
Composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of compounds (but not chemical elements) present in a portion of matter.
4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
chemical composition specification
Chemical composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by chemical composition of a material and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of chemical elements of which the material consists of (has parts).
Steel has quality chemical composition , which concretizes the chemical composition specification .The chemical composition specification has parts fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
metallic grain structure
metallic grain structure characterizes the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material. It concretizes ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
alloy
An alloy is a material containing any metallic element as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
Length is a size that describes the spacial extend of its bearer in one dimension.
length
dimension
bond
A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
covalent bond
A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
metallic bond
A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
ionic bond
An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
thermoplastics
A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
polyethylene
Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.
low-density polyethylene
Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.
high-density polyethylene
High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.
linear low-density polyethylene
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.
polypropylene
Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.
isotactic polypropylene
Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.
syndiotactic polypropylene
Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.
atactic polypropylene
Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.
polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.
rigid polyvinyl chloride
Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.
uPVC
flexible polyvinyl chloride
Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.
polystyrene
Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.
general purpose polystyrene
General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.
high impact polystyrene
High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.
polyethylene terephthalate
Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.
crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.
thermosetting polymers
A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.
epoxy resins
Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.
bisphenol a epoxy
Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.
novolac epoxy
Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.
phenolic resins
Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
phenol-formaldehyde resin
Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.
melamine formaldehyde
Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.
urea formaldehyde
Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
elastomers
An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.
natural rubber
Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.
synthetic rubber
Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties.
styrene-butadiene rubber
Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.
nitrile butadiene rubber
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.
ethylene propylene diene monomer
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.
biodegradable polymers
Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that have the biodegradability disposition. They can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances (carbon dioxide and methane, mineral salts or new biomass) in a non-harmful timescale.
polylactic acid
Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.
polyhydroxyalkanoates
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.
polybutylene succinate
Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.
natural ceramics
Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.
silicate ceramics
Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.
clay-based ceramics
Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.
earthenware
Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.
stoneware
Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.
porcelain
Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.
aluminosilicates
Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.
mullite
Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.
kaolinite
Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.
non-clay ceramics
Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.
glass-ceramics
Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.
leucite-based glass-ceramics
Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
fritted ceramics
Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.
technical ceramics
Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.
oxide ceramics
Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.
alumina
Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.
zirconia
Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.
yttria-stabilized zirconia
Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.
magnesia-stabilized zirconia
Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.
titania
Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.
beryllia
Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
non-oxide ceramics
Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.
carbide ceramics
Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.
silicon carbide
Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.
tungsten carbide
Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.
boron carbide
Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.
nitride ceramics
Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.
silicon nitride
Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.
aluminum nitride
Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.
boron nitride
Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.
boride ceramics
Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.
titanium diboride
Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.
zirconium diboride
Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.
composite ceramics
Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.
oxide-oxide composites
Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.
alumina matrix composites
Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.
zirconia matrix composites
Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.
non-oxide composites
Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.
silicon carbide matrix composites
SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.
carbon-silicon carbide composites (carbon-silicon carbide)
C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.
electroceramics
Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.
dielectric ceramics
Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.
barium titanate
Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.
lead zirconate titanate
Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.
magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.
soft ferrites
Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.
hard ferrites
Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.
superconducting ceramics
Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
yttrium barium copper oxide
Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.
bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.
bioceramics
Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.
bioinert ceramics
Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.
alumina-based ceramics
Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.
zirconia-based ceramics
Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.
bioactive ceramics
Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.
hydroxyapatite
Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.
bioglass
Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.
bioresorbable ceramics
Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.
tricalcium phosphate
Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.
silicate glasses
Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.
soda-lime glass
Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.
clear float glass
Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.
patterned glass
Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.
tinted glass
Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.
borosilicate glass
Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.
pyrex-type glass
Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
aluminosilicate glass
Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.
lead glass
Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.
potash lead glass
Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.
barium glass
Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.
high-temperature resistant glass
High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.
non-silicate glasses
Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.
phosphate glass
Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.
borate glass
Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.
germanate glass
Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.
optical glass
Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.
fused silica glass
Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.
crown glass
Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.
flint glass
Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.
specialty glasses
Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.
chemically strengthened glass
Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.
ion-exchanged glass
Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.
aluminosilicate gorilla glass
Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.
toughened (tempered) glass
Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.
laminated glass
Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.
electrochromic glass
Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
photochromic glass
Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.
thermochromic glass
Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.
lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.
transparent glass-ceramics
Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.
functional glass
Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.
conductive glass
Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.
indium tin oxide coated glass
Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.
fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.
magnetic glass
Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.
iron-borosilicate glass
Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.
cobalt-borosilicate glass
Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.
nonlinear optical glass
Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.
chalcogenide glass
Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.
tellurite glass
Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.
bioactive glass
Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.
silicate-based bioactive glass
Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.
45S5 bioglass
45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.
S53P4 bioglass
S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.
phosphate-based bioactive glass
Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.
borate-based bioactive glass
Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.
amorphous metal glass
Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.
iron-based metallic glass
Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.
magnesium-based metallic glass
Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.
zirconium-based metallic glass
Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.
“Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
Form
shape
Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt.
The visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.a
device specification
A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
material specification
A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
specification datum
A data item that provides specification for entities
European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
Biologische Abbaubarkeit
biodegradabilty
"[Biodegradabilty] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment."
"[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt."
Biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
example to be eventually removed
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
organizational term
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
to be replaced with external ontology term
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
requires discussion
bravais lattice triclinic primitve
bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
bravais lattice cubic primitive
bravais lattice cubic body-centered
bravais lattice cubic face-centered
bainite
austenite
ferrite
ledeburite
pearlite
widmanstatten structure
martensite
aggregate state solid
A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.
aggregate state liquid
A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.
aggregate state gasous
A state where the entities have no bonding.
aggregate state plasma
An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
aggregate state atom gas
A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
aggregate state supercritical fluid
A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.
aggregate state mesomorphic
A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
aggregate state suprafluid
A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.
aggregate state suprasolid
A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.