PMD Core Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: 3.0.0-rc2
bibliographic citation: PMDco: Platform Material Digital Ontology. Version 3.0.0-rc2, https://w3id.org/pmd/co/
created: 2026-01-15
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-1943
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-7143
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1058-3102
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-0532
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-7104
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-5371
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-0487
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-2920
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-3616
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-6832
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-8515
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-3645
creator: Felix Thonagel
creator: Jannis Grundmann
creator: Kamilla Zaripova
creator: Khashayar Razghandi
description: The Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco) is a mid-level semantic framework for Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). Aligning with the ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 standard, PMDco constructed on basis of Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and reuses several BFO-aligned ontologies like RO, IAO, and OBI. The scope of PMDco follows the fundamental paradigm of MSE (processing, structure, and properties) and encompasses the following domains: (*) Processes: Representation of MSE-related process chains, including materials manufacturing, characterization, and simulation processes. (*) Structure/state: Description of substances, engineered materials, and specification of materials, their composition, and multiscale structural features. (*) Properties: Specification of material properties and qualities, representing processing-structure-properties dependences. PMDco also provides general entities required for representing the fundamental MSE topics (e.g., thermodynamics), as well as general semantics for entities commonly required across MSE disciplines (such as devices, roles, functions, and plans). PMDco at GitHub: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology Documentation: https://materialdigital.github.io/core-ontology/docs/
dcterms:license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
repository: core-ontology
prior version: 3.0.0-rc1
version info: 3.0.0-rc2

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition: formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

Source
type: AnnotationProperty

dcterms:license
type: AnnotationProperty

label
type: AnnotationProperty

isInMinimalProfile
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/121
range: boolean

pattern example
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
sub property of: editor note

term tracker annotation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
editor note: hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
sub property of: editor note

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
example: "DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
sub property of: altLabel

part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has proper occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: proper occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
example: As for has occurrent part.

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

proper temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporal part of
inverse of: has proper temporal part
definition: b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
example: As for temporal part of.

proper occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
example: As for occurrent part of.

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

has proper temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has temporal part
definition: b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
example: As for has temporal part.

environs
type: ObjectProperty
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

history of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has history
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
definition: (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
example: This life is the history of this organism

has history
type: ObjectProperty
definition: b has history c =Def c history of b
example: This organism has history this life

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has first instant
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has last instant
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
example of usage: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
definition: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
editor note: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
definition source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as
definition: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
editor note: From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
editor note: From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
editor note: From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
editor note: This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: inverse of the relation 'denotes'

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
definition: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

is quality specification of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: quality is specified as
definition: A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.

quality is specified as
type: ObjectProperty
definition: inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified input of
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
definition: The inverse property of is specified input of
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.

is specified input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
example of usage: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified output of
definition: The inverse property of is specified output of

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

achieves_planned_objective
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
definition: This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
definition source: PPPB branch derived
pattern example: https://github.com/search

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: specified by value
definition: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
definition source: OBI

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has characteristic
type: FunctionalProperty
example of usage: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
example of usage: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: has part
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
definition: inverse of has disposition

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: part of
example of usage: my brain is located in my head
example of usage: this rat is located in this cage
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

simultaneous with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.

starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: starts with
definition: inverse of starts with
definition source: Allen

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
definition: x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

ends
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: ends with
definition: inverse of ends with

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
property chain axiom: starts with
definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
property chain axiom: ends with
definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.

member of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
definition source: SIO

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: inverse of has input

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: inverse of has output

assay measures characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: characteristic measured by assay
example of usage: A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
definition: A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.

characteristic measured by assay
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'

executes
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: concretizes
definition: relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
definition source: AGB

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

has process attribute
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: process attribute of
range: process attribute
see also: has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500
definition: A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
example: Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate

has state
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is state of
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: temporally qualified continuant
definition: relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

is state of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of

specified by value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
definition: A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.

complies with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
label: entspricht @de
definition: complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
definition: A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
domain: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulus role
range: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulation target role
definition: An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process attribute
comment: Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
definition: a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
example: a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.

process attribute of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between a process attribute and a process, which "bears" the attribute.
example: Tensile rate is a process attribute of tensile test

changes quality
type: ObjectProperty
definition: indicates that a process changes a quality

has relational quality
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: relational quality of
property chain axiom: has part
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m

relational quality of
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: part of
editor note: The 'relational quality of' is more strict that 'quality of' from RO, since domain is 'relational quality'. The motivtion to introduce an object property for relational qualities is the following: RO's 'quality of' is functional i.e., a->b, a->c => b=c. The functionality is relevant for most of the SDC -> IC triples, expect for relational qualities, which per definiton can be simultaneously inherited in >=2 ICs. Thus, 'relational quality of' has the same intention to connect SDC to IC, however, without cardinality constraints.
definition: a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: data property that relates an information content entity to a literal

has parameter position
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
definition: specifies the position of a parameter in a programming function

has default literal value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
definition: specifies a default value

material
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: intensive quality
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
comment: Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

portion of matter
type: Class
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
isInMinimalProfile: true

engineered material
type: Class
subclass of: material
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
definition: An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

behavioral material property
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: stimulating process
comment: Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
definition: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.
isInMinimalProfile: true

vector field specification
type: Class
editor note: also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a Specialist Meeting Held under the Auspices of the Varenius Project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998
definition: a value specifcation that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spacial region

process attribute
type: Class
editor note: an attribute of a process
comment: Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
see also: process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
version info: Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
alternative label: process characteristic
definition: a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
example: Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
isInMinimalProfile: true

workflow function
type: Class
definition: A plan specification representing a callable software method that prescribes a specific computational action, including execution instructions and a defined set of input and output specifications.

workflow node
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      union of: input assignment
      union of: output assignment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: workflow function
definition: A computing process that executes a workflow function within a workflow run, consuming input data and producing output data according to the function’s specifications.

workflow definition
type: Class
definition: A plan specification that prescribes the ordered application of one or more workflow functions, including their interconnections via input and output specifications, in order to achieve a specified computational objective.

parameter specification
type: Class
definition: A directive information entity that specifies a parameter required or produced by a workflow function, including its intended role, position, and constraints.

input specification
type: Class
subclass of: parameter specification
definition: A parameter specification that prescribes a data item required as input for the execution of a workflow function.

output specification
type: Class
subclass of: parameter specification
definition: A parameter specification that prescribes a data item intended to be produced as output by the execution of a workflow function.

workflow run
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: workflow definition
definition: A computing process that realizes a workflow definition by executing its prescribed workflow nodes in a concrete temporal order, consuming and producing specific data items.

simulation entity role
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: simulation process
definition: Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context

melting process
type: Class
subclass of: change of aggregate state
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: melt
label: Schmelzprozess @de
definition: A melting process is a thermally induced process during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
definition: Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt. @de
example: The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.

heating function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Heizfunktion @de
definition: A heating function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
definition: Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen. @de
example: The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.

cooling function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Kühlfunktion @de
definition: A cooling function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
definition: Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten. @de
example: The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.

melting furnace
type: Class
subclass of: heat treatment device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: furnace
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: melting function
comment: An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
label: Schmelzofen @de
definition: A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
definition: Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten. @de

melting function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
label: Schmelzfunktion @de
definition: A melting function is a heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird. @de
example: The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.

input assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: computing process
definition: input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

output assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: computing process
definition: output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

temporally qualified continuant
type: Class
editor note: For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant.
definition: A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

mold device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A form used to cast an object of a desired shape.

1D
type: Class
definition: 1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
isInMinimalProfile: true

2D
type: Class
definition: A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ASTM grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Ab Initio MD Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen. @de
example: Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.

accoustic absorption coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: emission of accoustic wave
definition: The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
isInMinimalProfile: true

accoustic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of accoustic wave
definition: An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

acoustical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: accoustic property
label: Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. @de
example: For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.

additive manufacturing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Additive Fertigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck. @de

adhesion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Adhäsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet. @de
example: Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.

adjustment device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
example of usage: A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
label: Einstellungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: aggregate state value
definition: The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aging process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Alterungsprozess @de
definition: Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden @de
definition: The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
example: The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.

application of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: application of mechanical load
definition: An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.

application of elastic impact
type: Class
subclass of: application of mechanical load
definition: An application of (an) elastic impact represents an application of (a) mechanical load describing the process of applying a force or impact to a material to observe its elastic response.

application of electric field
type: Class
definition: An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.

application of heat flux
type: Class
definition: An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.

application of magnetic field
type: Class
definition: An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.

application of mechanical load
type: Class
definition: An application of mechanical load is the process of applying force or stress to a material to observe its response or measure its properties.

application of substance
type: Class
definition source: Application Of Substance
definition: The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.

assembling process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Assemblierungsprozess @de
definition: A process to mount or demount a component.

atomic force microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Atomkraftmikroskop @de
definition: An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a Measuring Device that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
definition: Ein Atomkraftmikroskop (AFM) ist ein Messgerät, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert. @de

atomic structure
type: Class
definition: The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

atomistic monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: monte carlo simulation
label: Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A Monte Carlo Simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
definition: Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden. @de
example: Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.

bandsaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bandsäge @de
definition: A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
definition: Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff. @de

bending testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Biegeversuchmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung. @de

bending testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Biegeprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.

biocompatibility analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: biological property analyzing process
label: Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität @de
definition: A Biological Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
definition: An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
definition: Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft. @de

biological property analyzing process
type: Class
label: Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen. @de

blank role
type: Class
definition source: “Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
label: Rohling-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
example: Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.

boiling point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
type: Class
subclass of: brinell hardness
definition: A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
isInMinimalProfile: true

brinell hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition: The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk
type: Class
disjoint with: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk modulus
type: Class
subclass of: elastic modulus
definition: The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
isInMinimalProfile: true

burning
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Brennen @de
alternative label: Firing
definition: A changing the properties of material process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt, @de
example: Firing in Pottery

cnc machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: CNC-Maschine @de
definition: A CNC Machine is a Forming Machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
definition: Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet. @de

cnc welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: cnc machine
subclass of: welding device
label: CNC-Schweißmaschine @de
definition: A CNC Welding Machine is a Device that performs welding operations controlled by a computer numerical control system.
definition: Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Schweißoperationen durch ein computergesteuertes System ausführt. @de

calibration device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

caliper
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper
label: Messschieber @de
definition: A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
definition: Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird @de

ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of temperature
type: Class
definition: A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.
isInMinimalProfile: true

changing properties of material
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition @de
label: Stoffeigenschaft Ändern @de
alternative label: Changing Of Material Properties
alternative label: Property Alteration
definition: A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind. @de
example: Heat Treatment

chemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: The chemical composition is a quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical composition analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert. @de

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical property analyzing process
type: Class
label: Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen. @de

chromatography function
type: Class
label: Chromatographiefunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Chromatographieverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht. @de

chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase. @de

circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Kreissäge @de
definition: Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist. @de
definition: The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.

circular table saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Tischkreissäge @de
definition: A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
definition: Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet. @de

cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592 @de
label: Reinigen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können. @de
example: Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning

cleaning device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Reinigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen. @de

coarse grained simulation
type: Class
subclass of: multiscale simulation
label: Coarse Grained Simulation @de
definition: Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird. @de
definition: multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
example: In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.

coating
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition @de
label: Beschichten @de
definition: A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist. @de
example: Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition

coating application function
type: Class
subclass of: coating function
label: Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

coating by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Löten @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.

coating by welding
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.

coating device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Beschichtungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens. @de

coating from the gaseous or vapour state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
alternative label: Vakuumbeschichten @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

coating from the granular or powdery state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder coating of metal parts.

coating from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.

coating from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Electroplating of metals.

coating from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.

coating from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.

coating function
type: Class
label: Beschichtungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

colorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Farbmessgerät @de
definition: A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse. @de

composite material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.
isInMinimalProfile: true

compounding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1 @de
label: Zusammensetzen @de
alternative label: Putting Together
definition: A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden. @de
example: Interlocking, Layering

compounding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Compoundiermaschine @de
definition: A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen. @de

compression testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Druckprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft. @de

compression testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Druckprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst. @de
example: Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.

computing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Computer @de
definition: A computing system that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
definition: Ein Rechnersystem, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben. @de

computing process
type: Class
editor note: The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
label: Datenverarbeitung @de
label: Rechenprozess @de
definition: A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
definition: Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. @de

conditioning process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Konditionierungsprozess @de
definition: Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen. @de
definition: This activity describes the process of and the measures taken to set a tangible object to pre-defined environmental conditions.

continuous simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

corpuscular irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: irradiation process
definition: The corpuscular irradiation is an irradiation describing the exposure of a material to streams of particles, such as electrons or ions.

crack growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
isInMinimalProfile: true

creep testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kriechprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen. @de

creep testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Kriechprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.

cryogenic freezer
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Kryogefrierschrank @de
definition: A Cryogenic Freezer is a Temperature Change Device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
definition: A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C. @de
definition: Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C. @de

crystal structure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: bravais lattice (3d)
definition: The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
isInMinimalProfile: true

cut function
type: Class
label: Trennen Funktion @de
alternative label: Schneidfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Deep Learning @de
definition: A Simulation Process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren. @de
example: Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
abbreviation: DL

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deformation
type: Class
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deteriorative property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of substance
definition: The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deterministic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

device
type: Class
label: Gerät @de
definition: A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

device role
type: Class
label: Rolle eines Gerätes @de
definition: Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dielectric constant
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
disjoint with: electrical conductivity
definition: The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

differential scanning calorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist. @de

differential scanning calorimetry process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen. @de
example: Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
abbreviation: DSC

differential thermal analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren. @de
example: Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
abbreviation: DTA

differential thermal analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differentialthermometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen. @de

dimension measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Dimensionierungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dimension measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: size
label: Dimensions Messprozess @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt. @de

disassembling
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591 @de
label: Zerlegen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird. @de
example: Dismantling, Emptying

discrete-event simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

dividing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588 @de
label: Zerteilen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist. @de
example: Shearing, Cracking

drilling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Bohrmaschine @de
definition: A Drilling Machine is a Device that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
definition: Eine Bohrmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Löcher in ein Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt. @de

dynamic mechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
abbreviation: DMA

dynamic mechanical analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit. @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
definition: An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
definition: The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of electric field
definition: An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: electrical property
label: Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten. @de

electron beam welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: welding device
label: Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine @de
definition: An Electron Beam Welding Machine is a Welding Device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
definition: Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung. @de

electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
definition source: “Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
label: Elektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A device that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
definition: An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

electron microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Elektronenmikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.

electron spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: defect density
label: Elektronenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird. @de
example: Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.

emission of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: deformation
definition: The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of radiation
type: Class
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Empirische Potential MD Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren. @de
example: Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.

environmental chamber
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Umweltschrank @de
definition: A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten. @de

evolution of damage
type: Class
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
definition: A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.

fatigue testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden. @de

fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Ermüdungsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt. @de
example: Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.

ferrous alloy
type: Class
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of iron
definition: A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

filling
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2 @de
label: Füllen @de
definition: A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden. @de
example: Impregnating, Soaking

flow cytometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Durchflusszytometer @de
definition: A Flow Cytometer is a Device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
definition: Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen. @de

force measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Kraftmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

formation of notch or scratch
type: Class
definition: The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

forming
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition @de
label: Umformen @de
alternative label: Shaping
definition: A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben. @de
example: Tension Forming, Compression Forming

forming by bending
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586 @de
label: Biegeumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist. @de
example: Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement

forming machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Formmaschine @de
definition: A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen. @de

forming under compressive and tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1 @de
label: Zugdruckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden. @de
example: Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning

forming under compressive conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1 @de
label: Druckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Rolling, Coining

forming under shearing conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587 @de
label: Schubumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden. @de
example: Twisting, Displacement

forming under tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1 @de
label: Zugumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen. @de
example: Expanding, Stretch Forming

fracture toughness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.

functional material
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

furnace
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Ofen @de
definition: An enclosed structure in which heat is produced (as for heating a house or for reducing ore).
definition: Eine geschlossene Struktur, in der Wärme erzeugt wird (z. B. zum Heizen eines Hauses oder zum Einschmelzen von Erz). @de

gas chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gaschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird. @de
example: Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.

gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

gel permeation chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie. @de
example: Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.

gel permeation chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie. @de

generative deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Generatives Deep Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln. @de
example: Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.

glass
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
isInMinimalProfile: true

glueing
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8 @de
label: Kleben @de
alternative label: Bonding
definition: A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt. @de
example: Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)

crystallite
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
label: kristallit @de
alternative label: Korn @de
alternative label: grain
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

gravimetric analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Gravimetrischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration. @de

gravimetrical analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mass proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mass
label: Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst. @de
example: An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.

grinding machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Schleifmaschine @de
definition: A Grinding Machine is a Forming Machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
definition: Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten. @de

grips
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips
label: Halterungsklemmen @de
definition: Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht. @de
definition: This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.

hacksaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bügelsäge @de
definition: A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
definition: Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden. @de

half-life
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
example: radioactive decay, material degradation
isInMinimalProfile: true

hand holdable disposition
type: Class
label: in der Hand haltbar @de
definition: Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann. @de
definition: Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.

hand circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: circular saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handkreissäge @de
definition: A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
definition: Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten. @de

handsaw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handsäge @de
definition: Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein. @de
definition: The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements. @de

hardening by forming
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Verfestigen Durch Umformen @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert. @de
example: Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hardness tester
type: Class
subclass of: hardness testing machine
label: Härteprüfgerät @de
definition: A Hardness Tester is a Hardness Testing Machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
definition: Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst. @de

hardness testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Härteprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche. @de

hardness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Härteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen. @de
example: Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
disjoint with: thermal conductivity
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material combination
type: Class
example of usage: Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS.
definition: A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.

heat treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition @de
label: Wärmebehandlung @de
alternative label: Wärmebehandeln @de
definition: A Changing Properties of Materials process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren. @de
example: Annealing, Ageing, Hardening

heat treatment device
type: Class
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    union of: heating function
    union of: cooling function
label: Wärmebehandlungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

heat treatment function
type: Class
label: Wärmebehandlungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

high-performance liquid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten. @de
example: High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.

high throughput simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Hochdurchsatzsimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden. @de
example: Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.

high performance liquid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie. @de

high temperature gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: gas chromatography system
label: Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

hybrid simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

impact testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schlagprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten. @de
example: Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.

indentation hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

index of refraction
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
disjoint with: reflectivity
definition: The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

induction furnace
type: Class
subclass of: furnace
label: Induktionsofen @de
definition: An Induction Furnace is a Furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
definition: Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird. @de

injection molding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spritzgießmaschine @de
definition: An Injection Molding Machine is a Device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
definition: Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. @de

ion exchange chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten. @de
example: Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.

ion exchange chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

ion microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Ionenmikroskop @de
definition: A device that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

ion microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Ionenmikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird. @de
example: An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.

ion spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ionen-Spektrometer @de
definition: A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration. @de

ion spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Ionenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst. @de
example: Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.

irradiating
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Bestrahlen @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden. @de
example: Polymer Curing

irradiation process
type: Class
definition: An irradiation process is a process in which a radiation source (bearing a stimulus role) emits radiation towards a material entity (bearing the target role)

irradiation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Irradiationsgerät @de
definition: A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

irradiation function
type: Class
label: Irradiationsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

joining
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 @de
label: Fügen @de
definition: A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird. @de
example: Joining By Welding, Assembling

joining by primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4 @de
label: Fügen durch Urformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Master Forming
definition: A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
definition: Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Pouring, Embedding, Encasing

joining by shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5 @de
label: Fügen Durch Umformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Forming
definition: A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird. @de
example: Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies

joining by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7 @de
label: Fügen Durch Löten @de
definition: A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist. @de
example: Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering

joining by welding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6 @de
label: Fügen Durch Schweißen @de
definition: A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist. @de
example: Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding

joining device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verbindungsgerät @de
definition: A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
definition: Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten. @de

joining function
type: Class
label: Verbindungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

knife
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Messer @de
definition: A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird. @de

laser spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: aggregate state
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystal structure
label: Laserspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.

lasercutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Laserschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen. @de

lathe
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Drehmaschine @de
definition: A Lathe is a Device that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
definition: Eine Drehmaschine ist ein Gerät, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen. @de

light microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: optical microscopy
label: Lichtmikroskopie @de
definition: An Optical Microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.

load cell
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell
label: Kraftmessdose @de
definition: A load cell converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. It is a force transducer. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load cell are pneumatic, hydraulic, and strain gauges.

machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Maschinelles Lernen @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen. @de
example: Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
abbreviation: ML

machining geometrically defined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren. @de
example: Drilling, Turning

machining geometrically undefined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist. @de
example: Grinding, Blasting

magnetic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnetizing
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/
label: Magnetisieren @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt. @de
example: Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.

magnetizing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Magnetisierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

magnetizing function
type: Class
label: Magnetisierungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

magneto electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: magnetic property
label: Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung. @de

manufacturing function
type: Class
label: Fertigungsfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

manufacturing process
type: Class
comment: Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately is is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

map
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
definition: A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Massenspektrometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe. @de

mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: density
label: Massenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. @de
example: Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.

matrix role
type: Class
disjoint with: filler role
disjoint with: precipitate role
definition: Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.
isInMinimalProfile: true

measuring function
type: Class
label: Messfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of mechanical load
definition: A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mechanical property
label: Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen. @de

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

metal
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has characteristic
        some values from: metallic bond
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystallographic texture
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: polycrystal
definition: The crystallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a metallic material, observed through crystallographic analysis.
isInMinimalProfile: true

micrometer gauge
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper
label: Bügelmessschraube @de
definition: A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird. @de

microscope
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikroskop @de
definition: A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind. @de

microscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Mikroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren. @de
example: Examples of Microscopy Processes include Electron Microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; Ion Microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilites; and Optical Microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
abbreviation: Mikroskopie @de

microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: The focus of interest when looking at an object throught the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
definition: The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
isInMinimalProfile: true

microtome
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikrotom @de
definition: A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
definition: A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen. @de
definition: Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop. @de

milling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Fräsmaschine @de
definition: A Milling Machine is a Device that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
definition: Eine Fräsmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen. @de

mohs hardness
type: Class
subclass of: scratch hardness
definition: Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
isInMinimalProfile: true

monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen. @de
example: Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.

morphological property
type: Class
definition: A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.
isInMinimalProfile: true

multimodal deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Multimodales Deep Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen. @de
example: Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.

multiscale simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Multiskalensimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen. @de
example: Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.

nanoindentation process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Nanoindentationsverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst. @de
example: Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.

natural organic material
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

occurence of chemical reaction
type: Class
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

occurence of electic field
type: Class
definition: The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

occurence of magnetic field
type: Class
definition: The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Optisches Mikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten. @de

optical microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist. @de
label: Optische Mikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
example: An example is Light Microscopy.

optical profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: surface profilometer
label: Optisches Profilometer @de
definition: An Optical Profilometer is a device that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
definition: Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird. @de

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: waver irradiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: optical property
label: Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz. @de

passing of time
type: Class
definition: Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phase boundary (realization)
type: Class
definition: A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

photochemical process
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Photochemische Verfahren @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen. @de
example: Exposure

physical simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pole figure
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: map
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: crystallographic texture
definition: A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polishing machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Poliermaschine @de
definition: A Polishing Machine is a Forming Machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
definition: Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet. @de

polymer
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
isInMinimalProfile: true

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
isInMinimalProfile: true

powder
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precision lathe
type: Class
subclass of: lathe
label: Präzisionsdrehmaschine @de
definition: A Precision Lathe is a Lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
definition: Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen. @de

pressing on - in
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3 @de
label: Anpressen - Einpressen @de
definition: A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen. @de
example: Clamps, Brackets, Wedging

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
definition: The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pressure measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Druckmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition @de
label: Urformen @de
alternative label: Primary Forming
definition: A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. @de
example: Casting, Sintering

primary shaping by additive manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet. @de
example: 3D printing of polymer objects.

primary shaping by welding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.

primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.

primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.

primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.

primary shaping from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma arc welding.

primary shaping from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Casting of molten metal into molds.

primary shaping from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Thermoforming of plastic sheets.

primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet. @de
example: Pottery

rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
definition: The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reinforcement learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Reinforcement Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
definition: Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden. @de
example: Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
abbreviation: RL

removing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590 @de
label: Abtragen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material through thermical, chemical and electrochemical methods.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird. @de
example: Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation

rheological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken. @de

rheometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Rheometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen. @de

rheometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Rheometry @de
definition: A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern. @de

sample role
type: Class
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Probe-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
definition: Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen. @de

saw
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
definition: A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
definition: Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen. @de
definition: Säge @de

scanning electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: electron microscope
label: Rasterelektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a Measuring Device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
definition: Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet. @de

pair of scissors
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Schere @de
definition: A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden. @de

scratch hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition source: A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
definition: The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

scratch testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kratzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft. @de

scratch testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Ritzhärteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst. @de
example: Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.

separating
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cut function
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
label: Trennen @de
definition: A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. @de
example: Disassembling, Removal
abbreviation: Cutting

shear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schubprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung. @de

shear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schubprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.

simulation method specification
type: Class
definition: A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

simulation device
type: Class
subclass of: computing device
label: Simulationsknoten @de
definition: A processing node that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.

simulation process
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
label: Simulationsprozess @de
definition: A Computing Process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
definition: Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert @de

sintering
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/
label: Sintern @de
definition: A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden. @de
example: Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering

sizing saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Formatkreissäge @de
definition: A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
definition: Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist. @de

slide
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schlitten @de
definition: A moving piece that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.

soldering device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Lötgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls. @de

soldering function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Lötfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

spalling testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Abplatzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. @de

spalling testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Abplatzprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet. @de
example: Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spektrometer @de
definition: A Spectrometer is a Measuring Device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
definition: Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials. @de

spectroscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Spektroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen. @de

spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
disjoint with: time series
definition: A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

speed of sound
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
definition: The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulating process
type: Class
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stochastic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural and chemical decay
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural material
type: Class
subclass of: functional material
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural optimization simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Strukturoptimierungssimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden. @de
example: Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.

structural property analyzing process
type: Class
label: Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung. @de

subject of adjustment role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

subject of calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

sublimation point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

supercritical fluid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet. @de
example: Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.

supercritical fluid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung von überkritischen Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie. @de

supervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
label: supervised learning @de
definition: A Machine Learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet. @de
example: Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.

surface layer (fiat object part)
type: Class
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
example: When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

surface profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Oberflächenprofilometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien. @de

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: The concept refers to an absolute tempeature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
definition: The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature change device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Temperaturänderungswerkzeug @de
definition: A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel. @de

temperature change function
type: Class
label: Temperaturänderungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Temperaturmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temporal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tensile testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Zugprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft.

tensile testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Zugprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst. @de
example: Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications

test piece role
type: Class
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Proben-Rolle @de
definition: Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht @de
definition: role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test

testing function
type: Class
label: Testfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

textile joining
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Keine offizielle Definition in DIN @de
definition source: No offical definition in DIN
label: Textiles Fügen @de
definition: A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. @de
example: Sewing, Stapling

thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal conductivity measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten. @de
example: Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
abbreviation: TCMP

thermal conductivity measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of heat flux
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: thermal property
label: Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
definition: Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen. @de

thermocouple
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Thermoelement @de
definition: A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst . @de

thermocycler
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Thermocycler @de
definition: A Thermocycler is a Temperature Change Device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
definition: Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). @de

thermogravimetric analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt. @de
example: Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
abbreviation: TGA

thermomechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermoanalytical Process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
definition: Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt. @de
example: Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
abbreviation: TMA

thermomechanical treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Thermomechanisches Behandeln @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern. @de
example: Hot Isostatic Pressing

thin-layer chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen. @de
example: Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.

thin layer chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte. @de

3d printer
type: Class
subclass of: additive manufacturing device
label: 3D-Drucker @de
definition: A 3D Printer is an Additive Manufacturing Device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
definition: Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt. @de

time series
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
definition: A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
isInMinimalProfile: true

torsion testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Torsionsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung. @de

torsion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Torsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.

triple point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The triple point is a state of matter point realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

ultrasonic cleaner
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning device
label: Ultraschallreiniger @de
definition: A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
definition: An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen. @de
definition: Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen. @de

ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. @de

unsupervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
label: Unsupervised Learning @de
definition: A Machine Learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden. @de
example: Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.

viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Viskosimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert. @de

viscometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Viskosimetrie @de
definition: A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern. @de

water purification system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Wasseraufbereitungssystem @de
definition: A Water Purification System is a Device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
definition: Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen. @de

waterjet cutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Wasserstrahlschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden. @de

waver irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: irradiation process
definition: A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.

wear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verschleißprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen. @de

wear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Verschleißprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert. @de
example: Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.

welding device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schweißgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials. @de

welding function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Schweißfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

x-ray analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Röntgen Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird. @de

x-ray computed tomography
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: size
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: shape
label: Röntgen-Computertomographie @de
definition: A X-ray Analyzing Process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen. @de
example: For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
abbreviation: CT

x-ray diffraction process
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystal structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystallographic texture
label: Beugungsprozess @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst. @de
example: XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
abbreviation: XRD

x-ray mapping
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Röntgen-Mapping @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden. @de
example: An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

x-ray microanalysis
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Röntgen-Mikroanalyse @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird. @de
example: An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.

x-ray spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Röntgenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.

x-ray diffractometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenbeugungsgerät @de
definition: An X-Ray Diffractometer is a Measuring Device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
definition: Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt. @de

x-ray analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenanalysator @de
definition: A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz. @de

x-ray computed tomography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem @de
definition: A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen. @de

x-ray mapping device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenkartierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
definition: Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird. @de

x-ray microanalysis system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenmikroanalyssystem @de
definition: A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene. @de

cutting device
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
definition: A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.

hand held device
type: Class
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: hand holdable disposition
definition: A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.

phase (thermodynamic)
type: Class
definition: A thermodynamic phase is portion of matter that is part of a thermodynamic system and has homogeneus thermodynamic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

filler role
type: Class
definition: Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precipitate role
type: Class
definition: Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystal
type: Class
definition: A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.
isInMinimalProfile: true

composition specification
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: composition
definition: Composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by composition of a portion of matter and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of other matters (but not chemical elements) of which the whole portion of matter consists of (has parts).
example: Nitric acid solution has quality composition , which concretizes the composition specification .The composition specification has parts fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
isInMinimalProfile: true

porosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The porosity is a quality describing the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.
isInMinimalProfile: true

corrosion process
type: Class
comment: Corrosion is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
definition: Corrosion is a process that affects a material by changing it in a slow chemical reaction.

metallic grain structures
type: Class
definition: The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hydrogen bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
example: The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.
isInMinimalProfile: true

obstacle role
type: Class
definition: An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process.
example: A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation.

portion of iron
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.

portion of indium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.

portion of chromium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.

portion of carbon
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.

portion of germanium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.

portion of tungsten
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.

portion of erbium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.

portion of molybdenum
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.

portion of niobium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.

portion of rhenium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.

portion of lithium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.

portion of nitrogen
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.

portion of cobalt
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.

portion of gold
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.

portion of argon
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.

portion of cadmium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.

portion of barium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.

portion of tantalum
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.

portion of antimony
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.

portion of potassium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.

portion of phosphorus
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.

portion of boron
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.

portion of helium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.

portion of silicon
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.

portion of nickel
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.

portion of yttrium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.

portion of zirconium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.

portion of copper
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.

portion of bohrium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.

portion of fluorine
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.

portion of platinum
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.

portion of cerium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.

portion of sulfur
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.

portion of lead
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.

portion of krypton
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.

portion of bismuth
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.

portion of neon
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.

portion of thallium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.

portion of selenium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.

portion of ruthenium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.

portion of magnesium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.

portion of zinc
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.

portion of mercury
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.

portion of xenon
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.

portion of aluminium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.

portion of sodium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.

portion of iodine
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.

portion of caesium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.

portion of chlorine
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.

portion of silver
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.

portion of samarium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.

portion of manganese
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.

portion of arsenic
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.

portion of beryllium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.

portion of calcium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.

portion of neodymium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.

portion of hydrogen
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.

portion of osmium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.

portion of iridium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.

portion of gallium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.

portion of bromine
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.

portion of tin
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.

portion of hafnium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.

portion of uranium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.

portion of oxygen
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.

portion of palladium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.

portion of vanadium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.

portion of scandium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.

portion of titanium
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.

steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).
isInMinimalProfile: true

nature constant
type: Class
definition: A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
example: Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice (3d)
type: Class
comment: TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
definition: The Bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.
isInMinimalProfile: true

proportion
type: Class
disjoint with: bond
alternative label: concentration
alternative label: fraction
definition: A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mineral
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: crystallite
alternative label: Polycrystalline structure
definition: Polycrystal is a connected object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains
isInMinimalProfile: true

graphite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral
definition: A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon
isInMinimalProfile: true

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fluid (object)
type: Class
definition: fuild (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.

medium role
type: Class
definition: Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
example: Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion

aerosol
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state value
type: Class
definition: The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregatge state quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

foam
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermodynamic system
type: Class
definition: A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reversible process
type: Class
definition: A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

driving force of phase in system
type: Class
definition: Driving force is relational property between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species.
example: For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0.
isInMinimalProfile: true

intensive quality
type: Class
disjoint with: extensive quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
comment: Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
definition: Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulus role
type: Class
definition: The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.

stimulation target role
type: Class
definition: See 'Stimulus role'

phase transformation
type: Class
comment: The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
definition: A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
disjoint with: metastable phase
comment: See metastable phase
definition: A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
example: A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lot
type: Class
definition: A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same prodction process.

melt
type: Class
subclass of: fluid (object)
label: Schmelze @de
definition: A melt is an object (material entity) that exists in a liquid state as a result of the phase transition from solid due to thermal energy input. In materials science, it typically refers to metals, alloys, or other substances maintained above their melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelze ist ein Objekt (eine materielle Einheit), das aufgrund des Phasenübergangs von einem Festkörper durch thermische Energiezufuhr in einem flüssigen Zustand vorliegt. In der Werkstoffkunde bezieht sich der Begriff in der Regel auf Metalle, Legierungen oder andere Stoffe, die oberhalb ihres Schmelzpunkts gehalten werden. @de
example: A pool of molten steel during casting.

portion of pure chemical element
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
definition: A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.

fatigue process
type: Class
comment: Fatigue is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
definition: Fatigue is a process that affects a material by changes in its stress state.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: OEO_00000150
definition: Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
isInMinimalProfile: true

process chain
type: Class
definition: A process chain is a process that 'has contiuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.

product (chemical reaction)
type: Class
definition: Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.

educt
type: Class
definition: Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction

catalyst
type: Class
definition: Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.

eutectoid phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
definition: A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensive quality
type: Class
definition: An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metastable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
comment: The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
definition: A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a three dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

internal energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
disjoint with: interatomic interaction energy
definition: Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
isInMinimalProfile: true

component
type: Class
definition: A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.

technical system
type: Class
definition: A technical system is an object aggretate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that bears some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.

precipitation (phase)
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
definition: Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

interatomic interaction energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
definition: Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
isInMinimalProfile: true

peritectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
definition: A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
isInMinimalProfile: true

spinodal decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
definition: Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solutionspontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
isInMinimalProfile: true

parent phase role
type: Class
disjoint with: daughter phase role
definition: The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase.

daughter phase role
type: Class
definition: The daugther phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process.

microconstituent (phase mixture)
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
definition: A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
example: Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
isInMinimalProfile: true

activity (thermodynamic)
type: Class
definition: Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior.

activation energy
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products.
isInMinimalProfile: true

eutectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

state of matter boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.
isInMinimalProfile: true

disposition of a phase to transform
type: Class
comment: The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
definition: The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

heat (metallurgy)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: melt
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: blank role
definition: A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some Manifacturing Process.

structural boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: Structural phase boundary is a phase boundary that is realized in the transition from one structure to another structure.
example: ɑ-Ɣ transformation in iron at 910 °C

magnetic boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A magnetic boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one magnetic ordering to another magnetic ordering.

mixture boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A mixture boundary boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one phase to another phase in a system involving also chemical variations.

phase boundary (spatial)
type: Class
editor note: Should it have exactly two phases as member parts?
definition: A fiat surface separating one phase from another phase.
example: The phase boundary between liquid and the gaseous phase in at ank. The phase boundary between Fe3C and Fe of a pearlite lamellae.

force
type: Class
definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
isInMinimalProfile: true

section
type: Class
definition: Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object

crack
type: Class
definition: A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

notch
type: Class
definition: A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore
type: Class
definition: A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object
isInMinimalProfile: true

defect role
type: Class
definition: A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
example: A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

amount of substance
type: Class
subclass of: molar proportion
definition: Amount of substance n is a molar propotion when the whole is a object aggregate N, which has Avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).

composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: Composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of compounds (but not chemical elements) present in a portion of matter.
example: 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical composition specification
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: composition specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: chemical composition
definition: Chemical composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by chemical composition of a material and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of chemical elements of which the material consists of (has parts).
example: Steel has quality chemical composition , which concretizes the chemical composition specification .The chemical composition specification has parts fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic grain structure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: metallic grain structures
definition: metallic grain structure characterizes the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material. It concretizes ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
isInMinimalProfile: false

alloy
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: An alloy is a material containing any metallic element as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

3D
type: Class
definition: A three-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying material properties in its volume or describing a dependency of one variable on two other variables.
example: Orientation distribution function (ODF), potential energy landscape

frequency
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: frequency is a process attribute which characterizes the rate per second of oscillation or vibration.
example: Frequency of electromagnetic wave, Frequency of sound wave.

transmission electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: electron microscope
label: Transmissionselektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A Transmission Electron Microscope (SEM) is a Measuring Device that produces high-resolution images of a sample's internal structure by transmitting electrons through the sample.
definition: Ein Transmissionselektronenmikroskop (TEM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder der inneren Struktur einer Probe erzeugt, indem es Elektronen durch die Probe strahlt. @de

material reacting process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: portion of matter
definition: Material reacting process is a process which occurs in a portion of matter due to some of its disposition or behavioral material property which has realization in some stimulating process. Both the material reacting process and stimulating process must be occurent parts of a planned process, if the planned process takes place.

heating
type: Class
subclass of: change of temperature
definition: Heating is a change of temperature which corresponds to the increase of temperature in the system or object.

cooling
type: Class
subclass of: change of temperature
definition: Cooling is a change of temperature which corresponds to the decrease of temperature in the system or object.

analytical calculation
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
definition: Analytical calculation is a computing process which has value specification or measurement datum as a specified output. It applies a closed-form mathematical expression or formula to a set it specified inputs (value specifications) without requiring stochastic sampling, iterative numerical solving, or data-driven training.

single crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
definition: Single crystal is a crystal which is not part of a polycrystal and its boundaries are its exteral surfaces.

portion of lanthanum
type: Class
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: 'portion of pure chemical element' and 'has part' only CHEBI:33336
definition: A portion of lanthanum is a portion of pure substance that has parts only chebi:lanthanum atom.

inner diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
label: Innendurchmesser @de
definition: Der Innendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Innenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Innenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. @de
definition: Inner diameter is a length of a straight line from one inner surface of an object or space to the other side of its inner surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.

outer diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
label: Außendurchmesser @de
definition: Der Außendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Außenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Außenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. @de
definition: Outer diameter is a length of a straight line from one outer surface of an object or space to the other side of its outer surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.

fraction value specification
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  all values from: composition specification
definition: Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantative share of a part relative to a specified whole.
example: 2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nictric acid in a solution

length
type: Class
subclass of: size
comment: Length is a size that describes the spacial extend of its bearer in one dimension.
alternative label: dimension
definition: Length is a one dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bond
type: Class
subclass of: force
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

covalent bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
example: In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ionic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
example: An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermoplastics
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE

low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE-LD

high-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE-HD

linear low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE_LLD

polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PP

isotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: iPP

syndiotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: sPP

atactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: aPP

polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PVC

rigid polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: uPVC

flexible polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: fPVC

polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PS

general purpose polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.
isInMinimalProfile: true

high impact polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PET

amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: APET

crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: CPET

thermosetting polymers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.
isInMinimalProfile: true

epoxy resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bisphenol a epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

novolac epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phenolic resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phenol-formaldehyde resin
type: Class
subclass of: phenolic resins
definition: Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.
isInMinimalProfile: true

melamine formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

urea formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

elastomers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

natural rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.
isInMinimalProfile: true

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

nitrile butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ethylene propylene diene monomer
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

biodegradable polymers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biodegradabilty
definition: Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that have the biodegradability disposition. They can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances (carbon dioxide and methane, mineral salts or new biomass) in a non-harmful timescale.
isInMinimalProfile: true
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

polylactic acid
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polyhydroxyalkanoates
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polybutylene succinate
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

natural ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicate ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.
isInMinimalProfile: true

clay-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.
isInMinimalProfile: true

earthenware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stoneware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

porcelain
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aluminosilicates
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mullite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

kaolinite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

non-clay ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.
isInMinimalProfile: true

glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.
isInMinimalProfile: true

diameter
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition source: “Diameter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
label: Durchmesser @de
definition: Die Länge einer geraden Linie durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums. @de
definition: The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space.

leucite-based glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fritted ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.
isInMinimalProfile: true

technical ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

alumina
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: Al₂O₃

zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: ZrO₂

yttria-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia
definition: Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: YSZ

magnesia-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia
definition: Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: MSZ

titania
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: TiO₂

beryllia
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: BeO

non-oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

carbide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicon carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: SiC

tungsten carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: WC

boron carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: B₄C

nitride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicon nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: Si₃N₄

aluminum nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: AlN

boron nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: BN

boride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

titanium diboride
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: TiB₂

zirconium diboride
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: ZrB₂

composite ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

oxide-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

alumina matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

zirconia matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

non-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicon carbide matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

carbon-silicon carbide composites (carbon-silicon carbide)
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electroceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

dielectric ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.
isInMinimalProfile: true

barium titanate
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: BaTiO₃

lead zirconate titanate
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PZT

magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

soft ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hard ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.
isInMinimalProfile: true

superconducting ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
isInMinimalProfile: true

yttrium barium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioinert ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

alumina-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.
isInMinimalProfile: true

zirconia-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioactive ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hydroxyapatite
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioresorbable ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tricalcium phosphate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

calcium sulfate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.
isInMinimalProfile: true

soda-lime glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.
isInMinimalProfile: true

clear float glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

patterned glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tinted glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pyrex-type glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
definition: Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aluminosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.
isInMinimalProfile: true

potash lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.
isInMinimalProfile: true

barium glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

high-temperature resistant glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
definition: High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.
isInMinimalProfile: true

non-silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phosphate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

borate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.
isInMinimalProfile: true

germanate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fused silica glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crown glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

flint glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.
isInMinimalProfile: true

specialty glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemically strengthened glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ion-exchanged glass
type: Class
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aluminosilicate gorilla glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

toughened (tempered) glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.
isInMinimalProfile: true

laminated glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
isInMinimalProfile: true

photochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

transparent glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.
isInMinimalProfile: true

functional glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

conductive glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

indium tin oxide coated glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnetic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

iron-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

cobalt-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

nonlinear optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chalcogenide glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tellurite glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.
isInMinimalProfile: true

45S5 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: 45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.
isInMinimalProfile: true

S53P4 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phosphate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

borate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.
isInMinimalProfile: true

amorphous metal glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.
isInMinimalProfile: true

iron-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnesium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.
isInMinimalProfile: true

zirconium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Dicke @de
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt das gemessene Maß in einer Richtung eines Prüfkörpers. @de
definition: This class describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece.

width
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Breite @de
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt eine horizontale Messung eines Objekts, die im rechten Winkel zur Länge des Objekts vorgenommen wird. @de
definition: This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object.

shape
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: “Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Form @de
definition: Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. @de
definition: The visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.a

geometry shape
type: Class
subclass of: shape
definition source: DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2019
label: Geometrische Form @de
definition: Dieses Konzept beschreibt die geometrischen Abmessungen und das Erscheinungsbild (Form und Abmaße) einer Probe, eines Prüfkörpers oder eines Prüfstücks, wie sie üblicherweise durch eine entsprechende Norm definiert sind. Dementsprechend ist der angegebene Formwert in Übereinstimmung mit der definierenden Norm anzugeben, z. B. "Zugprüfstück Form 1 gemäß Anhang B der Zugversuchsnorm". @de
definition: This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standard’.

shape 3d
type: Class
subclass of: geometry shape
label: 3D Geometrie @de
definition: A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area.
definition: Eine 3D Geometrie ist eine geometrische Form, die in drei Dimensionen existiert, mit Länge, Breite und Höhe, und die durch ihre räumlichen Eigenschaften wie Volumen und Oberfläche definiert werden kann. @de
example: Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden. @de
example: Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids.

device specification
type: Class
definition: A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material specification
type: Class
definition: A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
isInMinimalProfile: true

recipe
type: Class
definition: A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.

specification datum
type: Class
definition: A data item that provides specification for entities
isInMinimalProfile: true

compression molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.1 “Pressformen”. @de
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.1 „Pressformen“. @de
label: Pressformen @de
alternative label: compression moulding
definition: A primary shaping process in which a pre-measured, usually preheated molding compound is placed in an open, heated mold cavity and shaped by closing the mold and applying pressure until the material cures or solidifies to the final part geometry.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine dosierte, meist vorgewärmte Formmasse in eine offene, beheizte Formkavität eingelegt und durch Schließen des Werkzeugs unter Druck zur endgültigen Bauteilgeometrie ausgehärtet bzw. erstarrt wird. @de

biodegradabilty
type: Class
definition source: European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
label: Biologische Abbaubarkeit @de
definition: "[Biodegradabilty] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment."
definition: "[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt." @de
definition: Biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

injection molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.2 “Spritzgießen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.2 „Spritzgießen“. @de
label: Spritzgießen @de
alternative label: injection moulding; plastic injection molding
definition: A primary shaping process in which plastic granules are plasticised in an injection unit and the melt is injected under high pressure into a closed mold cavity, where it cools and solidifies to the final part shape.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem Kunststoffgranulat in einem Plastifizieraggregat aufgeschmolzen und die Schmelze mit hohem Druck in einen geschlossenen Formhohlraum eingespritzt wird, wo sie verdichtet, abkühlt und zum Formteil erstarrt. @de
example: Injection molding of polypropylene housings.

injection-compression molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.3 “Spritzpressen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.3 „Spritzpressen“. @de
label: Spritzpressen @de
alternative label: injection–compression moulding; transfer molding (Spritzpressen)
definition: A hybrid primary shaping process that combines injection and compression: a pre-plasticised charge or melt is injected into a closed or partially open mold and then compressed by further mold closure or a plunger so that the material completely fills the cavity and cures or solidifies under heat and pressure.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem eine vorplastifizierte Formmasse aus einer beheizten Vorkammer bzw. einem Plastifizieraggregat in ein (teil-)geschlossenes Werkzeug eingespritzt und anschließend durch Schließen des Werkzeugs bzw. Nachdrücken verpresst wird, bis der Werkstoff unter Wärme und Druck aushärtet. @de
example: Injection-compression molding of epoxy-encapsulated electronic components.

extrusion
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.4
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.4 @de
label: strangpressen (extrudieren) @de
definition: A primary shaping process in which a plastically deformable material, typically a polymer melt, is continuously forced by pressure through a shaping die to produce an endless strand with constant cross-section, which solidifies by cooling or curing.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein plastifizierter Werkstoff, meist eine Polymerschmelze, kontinuierlich unter Druck durch eine formgebende Düse gepresst wird und dabei einen Strang mit konstantem Querschnitt bildet, der durch Abkühlen oder Aushärten verfestigt wird. @de
example: Extrusion of PVC window profiles; extrusion of plastic films or pipes from polyethylene melt.

drawing forming
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.5
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.5 @de
label: Ziehformen @de
definition: A primary shaping process in which a plastically deformable mass (for example fibre-reinforced resin or glass/plastic strands) is pulled through one or more shaping tools or dies so that the cross-section and surface are formed by tensile forces, while the material solidifies or cures to produce continuous profiles. It is conceptually related to pultrusion / profile drawing.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine plastisch verformbare Masse (z. B. faserverstärkte Harzsysteme oder glasige/kunststoffhaltige Stränge) durch Zugkräfte durch formgebende Düsen oder Werkzeuge gezogen wird, sodass Querschnitt und Oberfläche ausgebildet und der Werkstoff dabei verfestigt bzw. ausgehärtet wird. Das Verfahren ist verwandt mit dem Strangzieh- bzw. Pultrusionsverfahren. @de
example: Pultrusion of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer profiles; drawing of continuous fibre-reinforced rods through a heated die.

calendering
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.6
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.6 @de
label: Kalandrieren @de
definition: A primary shaping process in which a viscous polymer melt or plastic mass is passed through the narrow gaps between several counter-rotating, polished rolls so that it is compressed and rolled out into sheet or film of defined thickness and surface quality, then cooled to solidify.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine zähflüssige Polymerschmelze oder plastische Masse durch enge Spalte zwischen mehreren gegenläufig rotierenden, polierten Walzen geführt wird, wodurch sie verdichtet und zu Platten oder Folien definierter Dicke und Oberflächenqualität ausgewalzt und anschließend verfestigt wird. @de
example: Calendering of plasticised PVC into rigid or flexible sheets and films; calendering of ABS sheet for thermoforming.

blow molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.7
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.7 @de
label: Blasformen @de
definition: A primary shaping process in which a tube or preform of molten or plasticised material is enclosed in a mold and expanded by internal gas pressure so that it conforms to the mold cavity, producing hollow bodies which then solidify.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein Schlauch oder ein Vorformling aus geschmolzenem bzw. plastifizierten Werkstoff in ein Werkzeug eingelegt und durch inneren Gasdruck an die Formwand aufgeblasen wird, sodass ein Hohlkörper entsteht, der anschließend verfestigt wird. @de
example: Extrusion blow molding of HDPE bottles; stretch-blow molding of PET beverage containers; blow molding of fuel tanks for automotive applications.

modelling
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.8
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.8 @de
label: Modellieren @de
definition: A primary shaping process in which a manually workable plastic mass (such as clay, wax, plastiline or gypsum paste) is shaped directly by hand and simple tools into a final or intermediate geometry and subsequently hardened, dried or fired to obtain a solid body.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine mit Hand und einfachen Werkzeugen formbare plastische Masse (z. B. Ton, Wachs, Plastilin oder Gipspaste) direkt zur gewünschten Geometrie modelliert und anschließend durch Trocknen, Brennen oder Aushärten zu einem festen Körper verfestigt wird. @de
example: Hand modelling of clay prior to firing (e.g. pottery, sculptures); modelling of wax or plasticine for casting patterns.

bravais lattice triclinic primitve
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bainite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

austenite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

martensite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state gasous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true